building comprising at least one refrigerated container for the transport of goods and method of converting a refrigerated container for the transport of goods into such a building

Abstract

Building (1) intended to accommodate persons, building (1) comprising at least one refrigerated container (2) for the transport of goods, container (2) comprising a thermally insulating material, refrigerated container (2) further comprising at least one set (8) of structural stiffening elements for container (2), the pull-out resistance of one element (9, 10) of the set (8) of structural stiffening elements being greater than that of said thermally insulating material, building (1) further comprising at least one cladding (12) and a fastening system (13) between the cladding (12) and container (2), building (1) being characterized in that the fastening system (13) comprises at least one device (14) passing at least partially through the cladding (12) and at least one element (9, 10) of the set (8) of stiffening elements for container (2). Figure for the abbreviation: Figure 6

Description

Title of the invention: Building comprising at least one refrigerated container for the transport of goods and method for transforming a refrigerated container for the transport of goods into such a building. FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of buildings.

[0002] More specifically, the invention relates to a building intended to accommodate human beings and made from a recycled refrigerated goods transport crate. technological BACKGROUND

[0003] A freight transport body is generally in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, which is attached to a vehicle, for example, a truck and trailer for road transport. Freight transport bodies designed for rail or maritime transport are also available. The body generally comprises a single opening in a wall, for example, a wall accessible at the rear of a truck, and closed by doors.

[0004] A refrigerated transport container is special in that it includes walls with high thermal insulation properties. Document FR2193696 describes an example of walls suitable for such a container. A refrigeration unit is generally fitted to such a container to maintain the interior of the container at around a set temperature.

[0005] A refrigerated transport container is periodically inspected to assess its performance, particularly regarding heat loss, in accordance with regulatory requirements. When the container's performance no longer meets the required standards, it is scrapped.

[0006] The development of freight transport is increasing, so the number of refrigerated containers to be treated as waste is also increasing.

[0007] However, when a refrigerated transport container is considered to no longer meet the requirements, this does not necessarily mean that it is unusable. In general, even with thermal insulation performance lower than the requirements for transporting goods, this performance remains high.

[0008] A solution for recycling such crates would then be advantageous in terms of ecology and economy.

[0009] In parallel, there is also a growing need for buildings that can be constructed quickly and at low cost. These include so-called temporary buildings, that is, buildings with a fixed lifespan, limited to between several days and several years. Such buildings are found, for example, at one-off events, such as a food stand, on construction sites to accommodate workers, or to house staff whose premises are temporarily unusable.

[0010] US2019 / 0136552 describes an example in which a refrigerated shipping container, known as a "reefer," is converted into a building for military or office use. For this purpose, the container's interior fittings, designed to provide the required functionality, are attached to a plate which is itself fixed to the container's floor structure. Parts of the interior fittings may be attached to the container's side walls.

[0011] Such a solution does not provide complete satisfaction.

[0012] Indeed, the side walls and ceiling of the container are left bare, in their original condition for transporting goods, and are therefore not aesthetically pleasing. If elements are attached to the side walls, a drilling and screwing method would degrade the thermal insulation performance of the walls, which is detrimental. Thus, only lightweight elements, attached using adhesive, can be fixed to the walls.

[0013] Furthermore, the materials used to construct the walls of the "reefer" may be unsuitable for housing people. For example, the materials used may not comply with standards regarding fire resistance, health impact, etc.

[0014] Thus, the layout of the “reefer” according to this example remains basic and functional, poorly suited to accommodate people outside of exceptional activities of very short duration, such as military activities.

[0015] The invention thus aims to remedy in particular the aforementioned disadvantages by proposing a building intended to accommodate people by offering a pleasant environment and made from a refrigerated transport box, which is easy to assemble, inexpensive, aesthetically pleasing and has good thermal insulation performance. Summary of the invention

[0016] Thus, according to a first aspect, the invention relates to a building intended to accommodate people. The building comprises at least one refrigerated container for the transport of goods, the container forming a volume comprising at least four side panels, a top panel, and a bottom panel. At least one of said panels, and preferably at least one of the side panels, and preferably both the side panels and the top panel, and preferably all of them The body panels include a thermally insulating material. The refrigerated body also includes at least one set of structural stiffening elements. The pull-out resistance of any element in the set of structural stiffening elements is greater than that of the thermally insulating material.

[0017] Pull-out resistance here means the pull-out resistance of the same fastening device on the part in question.

[0018] The building further includes at least a covering of at least one of the panels and a fixing system between the covering and the casing.

[0019] The fastening system then includes at least one device passing at least partially through the coating and at least one element of the set of stiffening elements of the body.

[0020] The building thus obtained from a refrigerated transport container exhibits high mechanical strength thanks to the use of through-wall fittings, while maintaining high thermal insulation performance. Indeed, by using the structural stiffening elements, which are permanently present on the refrigerated transport container when it is used for transport, the application of the cladding preserves the entire structure of the container. The resulting building is part of an environmentally friendly approach, recycling refrigerated transport containers and offering buildings with high thermal insulation at a lower cost.

[0021] The covering thus fixed to the case, inside and / or outside, provides a pleasing visual appearance. The fixing system allows for a wide variety of styles and / or decorative patterns and / or types of material for the covering.

[0022] Depending on different aspects, it is possible to foresee one and / or the other of the characteristics below taken alone or in combination.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the reinforcement assembly may include at least one reinforcement bar for at least one panel and / or at least one corner bracket bonded between one of the side panels and one of the top and bottom panels. The reinforcement bar and corner bracket are available on many refrigerated transport boxes. They are generally made of metal. Identifying them as components of the reinforcement assembly allows for numerous possibilities in installing the fastening system.

[0024] According to one embodiment, the four side panels comprise a thermally insulating material. The covering is then fixed to each side panel by the fixing system, so as to cover all the side panels for an enhanced aesthetic appearance.

[0025] In one embodiment, the insulating material may comprise a rigid polyurethane foam, which has high thermal insulation properties. The coating may then be combined with a layer of fire-resistant material to comply with applicable building regulations. The fastening system facilitates the installation of such a layer.

[0026] According to one embodiment, the assembly of reinforcement elements may include at least one support profile fixed to the upper wall. The support profile is intended to support accessories for storing goods suspended within the crate when it is used for transporting goods, such as meat. The fastening system includes at least one device that passes at least partially through the lining and said support profile. The lining can thus easily cover the upper wall of the crate.

[0027] According to one embodiment, at least one side panel of the box includes an opening forming a window or door, so as to allow the circulation of people and / or air in a manner similar to that of a conventional building.

[0028] The coating can be applied to an inner face and / or to an outer face of the panels of the crate, as required, so as to form a building pleasing to the eye for users, or even to mask its origin.

[0029] According to one embodiment, the cladding comprises a bio-based material, such as wood, in order to complement the building's ecological approach. Preferably, the entire cladding is made of wood.

[0030] According to one embodiment, the elements of the assembly of reinforcing elements are at least partly metallic, the metal generally offering good resistance to the pull-out of a through-device for the application of the present invention.

[0031] According to one embodiment, the cladding comprises a so-called primary structure fixed to the casing by said fixing system and a so-called secondary structure fixed to the primary structure. The primary structure is then arranged according to the availability of all the stiffening elements, so that the secondary structure can be positioned independently of them and according to the requirements and the desired aesthetic.

[0032] According to a second aspect, the invention proposes a method for transforming a refrigerated goods transport container into a building as described above, the method comprising: • The identification of at least one refrigerated container forming a volume comprising at least four side panels, one top panel, and one bottom panel, at least one of said panels comprising a thermally insulating material, the refrigerated container also comprising at least one set of structural stiffening elements for the container, the resistance to the pull-out of an element of the set of structural stiffening elements being greater than that of said thermally insulating material; • Verification of the integrity of the refrigerated container; • The fixing of at least one covering on at least one of the walls of the box using the fixing system on the set of stiffening elements. Brief description of the drawings

[0033] Embodiments of the invention will be described below with reference to the drawings, briefly described below:

[0034] [Fig-1] represents a three-dimensional, three-quarter view of a refrigerated container of freight transport being converted into a building, in which openings for doors and windows have been made.

[0035] [Fig.2] represents a view of the inside of the case of the [Fig.1], a structure primary being fixed on an inner face of a side panel according to an embodiment called internal.

[0036] [Fig.3] represents a three-dimensional three-quarter view of the case of [Fig.2], a side panel having been removed.

[0037] [Fig.4] represents a view of the inside of the case of [Fig.2], a structure primary being fixed to an inner face of an upper panel.

[0038] [Fig.5] represents a view of the inside of the case of [Fig.2], at the level of a door opening.

[0039] [Fig.6] represents a view of the inside of the case of the [Fig.2] transformed into building.

[0040] [Fig.7] represents an external view of the case of [Fig.1], a structure primary being fixed on an outer face of a side panel according to an embodiment called external.

[0041] [Fig.8] represents an external view of the case of [Fig.7], at the level of a window opening.

[0042] [Fig.9] represents an external view of the case of [Fig.7], of the plates having were fixed around the door and window openings.

[0043] [Fig. 10] represents an outside view of the casing of [Fig.7], an intermediate structure having been fixed to the primary structure.

[0044] [Fig. 11] represents an exterior view of the crate of the [Fig.7] transformed into a building.

[0045] In the drawings, identical references designate identical or similar objects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The invention relates to a building 1 intended to receive people from a refrigerated container 2 from the transport of goods.

[0047] More specifically, Building 1 in the following may be a building complying with the regulations for Public Access Buildings (ERP) and / or Workplaces (ERT). Such a building may also be described as temporary, but not exclusively within the context of the following.

[0048] A temporary building is a building whose lifespan is limited, determined, and / or determinable. The lifespan of a temporary building is generally fixed: the building is intended to be demolished or replaced. The building's lifespan may be reviewed during its use, but always to be re-established. The lifespan varies depending on the building's function, for example, from a few days for a building intended to host a one-off event, up to several years.

[0049] Conversely, a building that is not specified as temporary has a lifespan that is not limiting its use.

[0050] The crate 2 may be a road transport crate, and has therefore been associated with a truck. However, the crate 2 may originate from other types of transport.

[0051] Crate 2 is a refrigerated crate, meaning that it complies with the thermal insulation requirements of the regulations. More specifically, a refrigerated crate 2 is subject to regulations concerning the transport of perishable goods, such as the ATP (Agreement on the International Carriage of Perishable Foodstuffs), which sets performance levels for the crate, such as the overall thermal transmittance coefficient. These performance levels can be measured by specific accredited bodies, such as CEMAFROID in France.

[0052] The walls of the crate 2 typically comprise a thermally insulating material. For example, the crate walls are made of panels comprising rigid, thermally insulating foam, reinforced by a frame, as will be explained later. Rigid foam is defined here as any material comprising closed cells capable of enclosing a gas, so as to provide good thermal insulation. The foam may be, in particular, a rigid synthetic foam, and may include, for example, polyurethane. The dimensions of the crate are standard in the field of freight transport. In particular, to facilitate the loading and unloading of goods, the crate 2 has sufficient height for an adult to stand upright inside.

[0053] The casing 2 has six walls, or panels, surrounding an interior volume. In what follows, "interior" will refer to anything located within the interior volume, or oriented towards the interior volume of casing 2, and "exterior" will refer to anything located outside the interior volume, or oriented in the opposite direction. More precisely, casing 2 includes a lower horizontal panel 3, an upper horizontal panel 4, and four vertical side panels, namely two longitudinal vertical panels 5 and two transverse side panels 6, 7, so as to form a closed volume, in this case substantially parallelepiped-shaped.

[0054] The terms vertical and horizontal, and their variants, here denote the natural directions when the crate 2 is placed by the lower panel 3, directly or indirectly, on a substantially horizontal surface, the vertical direction being substantially perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The terms longitudinal and transverse, and their variants, denote two horizontal directions perpendicular to each other. By convention, the longitudinal direction is the direction in which the crate 2 presents its length, that is, its longest dimension. The width is then the transverse dimension, and the height is the vertical dimension.

[0055] In what follows, the terms upper, lower, above, below and their variants are taken with reference to the natural orientation of the figures when the crate 2 is placed with the horizontal panel 3 facing the ground, the lateral panels 5, 6, 7 rising above the lower panel 3.

[0056] We then define: • A first horizontal panel 3 forming a floor; • A second horizontal panel 4 forming a cover; • Two lateral vertical longitudinal panels, each forming a so-called lateral panel; • A first lateral vertical transverse panel 6 forming a so-called front panel; • A second lateral vertical transverse panel 7 forming a so-called rear panel.

[0057] For example, the case is of type SR2 from the company LAMBERET, with the following external dimensions: • Length: 13.39 m (meters) • Width: 2.46 m • Height: 2.60 m

[0058] One of the two vertical panels 6, 7, for example the front panel 6 in the figures, is a door of the crate 2. According to one embodiment, the front panel 6 can be made of two separate parts, each mounted hinged about a vertical axis so as to form a door to close an opening in the crate 2 that provides access to the interior of the crate 2. More specifically, the two parts of the front panel 6 are hinged on a rigid frame around the opening of the crate 2, for example made of steel, the frame being rigidly fixed to the rest of the crate. According to another embodiment, the front panel 6 is a single-piece attached panel on the rest of the container 2. Such an add-on panel is particularly suitable when the opening of the refrigerated container 2 is closed using a roller shutter system. In this case, a rigid metal frame, for example made of steel, is located around the opening, and the add-on panel can be fixed to it, for example, by screwing.

[0059] The panels 3-7 of the box each include in their thickness a thermally insulating material, for example in the form of foam, i.e. conferring high thermal insulation properties, suitable for the refrigerated transport of goods.

[0060] According to one embodiment, each panel 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 has a layered, or "sandwich," structure, meaning that it comprises a rigid foam core between two facings. The rigid foam is, for example, a polyurethane foam with a density of approximately 40 kg / m³. The facings are, for example, made of a composite material such as glass fibers embedded in an unsaturated polyester resin matrix. The facings may also be made of plastic or metal.

[0061] The panels 3-7 are joined to each other by gluing, for example using a very high-performance structural polyurethane adhesive, such as Henkel's Loctite adhesive. Gluing avoids drilling through the panels 3-7, which could degrade thermal insulation performance and compromise the structural integrity of the body 2. As will be seen later, the gluing surfaces are protected by angle brackets also glued to the outer faces of the body 2 panels. Each angle bracket, for example, has an L-shaped cross-section and is glued across at least two body panels. Sealant joints can be added to the angle brackets to protect the adhesive from the external environment, i.e., to ensure good air and water tightness, and to maintain the adhesive's pull-out and shear strength.

[0062] The container 2 further comprises a set 8 of structural stiffening elements, increasing the container's stiffness, i.e., its resistance to deformation under stress. In other words, the set 8 of structural stiffening elements provides mechanical reinforcement to the container 2 against the stresses normally expected as a refrigerated container for transporting goods. The set 8 of structural stiffening elements includes elements external to the panels of the container 2, and / or integrated within the thickness of the container panels. The set 8 of structural stiffening elements is inherent to the container 2, present during the use of the container 2 for transporting goods; i.e., it is not added during a specific step for the building conversion. The set of 8 stiffening elements may in particular be entirely or partly made of metal, for example aluminium, steel or alloy.

[0063] As will be seen later, the set of 8 stiffening elements forms preferential gripping points for a through-bolt fastening system, in that the pull-out resistance of the elements in the set of 8 stiffening elements is greater than that of the thermally insulating material, and more generally, greater than that of the panel(s) comprising the thermally insulating material. Pull-out resistance is understood here as the maximum force that must be exerted on a fastener to remove it from a material. Thus, pull-out resistance can notably be evaluated by a pull-out test, during which a through-bolt such as a screw is inserted into a sample of the material to be tested, and the tensile force required to remove said through-bolt from the sample is measured. Standard NF P30-310 provides guidelines for carrying out an example of a pull-out test.

[0064] The stiffening elements 8 include, in particular, a reinforcement 9 in at least one of the side panels 5, 6, 7. In practice, each side panel 5, 6, 7 includes a reinforcement 9. As illustrated in the figures, the reinforcement 9 is, for example, formed by inserts, also called plates, extending substantially vertically and distributed substantially regularly on an inner face of the side panels 5, 6, 7. The reinforcement 9 may be metallic, for example, aluminum. Alternatively, or in combination, the inserts may be distributed on an outer face of the side panels 5, 6, 7, or embedded within the thickness of the side panels 5, 6, 7. Alternatively, the reinforcement may be a metallic grid, for example, embedded within the thickness of the side panels 5, 6, 7, or a metallic sheet covering the panel on the inner and / or outer side.

[0065] The assembly 8 of structural stiffening element may also include reinforcement integrated into the floor 3. This includes, for example, plywood plates, e.g. glued laminated wood, metal inserts or plates and / or crossbeams made of composite materials, e.g. polyurethane foam encased in a polyester and glass composite envelope.

[0066] The structural stiffening assembly 8 may further include at least one support profile, or in practice a plurality of support profiles, fixed by bonding to the inner faces of the panels. Such support profiles are commonly found in a refrigerated transport container, particularly for supporting accessories for storing goods in the container 2. Examples include profiles for supporting shelves on the side panels 5, 6, 7 and / or profiles for supporting suspension devices, such as meat hooks, on the lid 4. The support profiles are, for example, made of metal.

[0067] The set 8 of stiffening elements may further include the rigid frame around the opening giving access to the interior of the refrigerated box 2.

[0068] The structural stiffening element assembly 8 finally includes at least one angle bracket 10, already mentioned above, serving to protect the bonding plane between two panels of the box 2. More precisely, the box 2 includes, for example, twelve angle brackets 10, each angle bracket 10 being placed on an edge of the box 2, on the outer side of the box 2. Each angle bracket 10 is in the form of a profile with a substantially L-shaped cross-section. The structural stiffening element assembly 8 may further include at least one connecting element 11 bonded to the panels 3-7 at the junction between two angle brackets 10, at a corner of the box 2. The angle brackets 10 and the connecting elements 11 are in particular metallic, for example made of aluminum or aluminum alloy.

[0069] A step of identifying a box 2 with characteristics suitable for conversion into building 1 can then be implemented, in which the presence of the set 8 of structural stiffening elements is verified. A step of verifying the integrity of box 2 can also be carried out, during which it is verified that the right angles between the walls are maintained and that the assembly between panels 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, as well as the assembly of the angle brackets 10 on panels 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, is watertight. It should be noted that these assemblies are generally made using high-performance adhesive with an unlimited lifespan. An inspection of the condition of panels 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 can also be carried out.

[0070] The crate 2 to be transformed into building 1 is therefore the result of a selection.

[0071] Preliminary work on the container 2 may be required, for example, to repair a minor defect. In one embodiment, the refrigerated transport container 2 is connected to a refrigeration unit during its use for transporting goods. An opening may then be made, for example, in the rear wall 7 to allow the passage of a ventilation system for the refrigeration unit. Preliminary work may therefore consist of removing the refrigeration unit and sealing the opening, for example, with insulating material and resin.

[0072] The building 1 includes at least one covering 12 of at least one wall of the crate 2. The covering 12 thus covers at least in part the inner face or the outer face, or even both, of at least one panel 3-7 of the crate.

[0073] The coating 12 is fixed to the casing 2 in a particular way, in order to preserve the properties, in particular the insulation properties, of the casing 2.

[0074] Thus, building 1 includes a fastening system 13 between the cladding 12 and the casing 2. The fastening system 13 includes at least one through-bolt device 14, i.e., of the nail or screw type, which is inserted into a coaxial hole in the cladding 12 and of the box 2. More precisely, the through-bolt device 14 passes through the cladding 12 on one side and at least one element of the assembly 8 of structural stiffening elements on the other, without, however, passing through the panel 3-7 of the box, and more specifically without passing through the insulating material within the thickness of the panel. In practice, the fastening system 13 comprises a plurality of through-bolt devices 14. No other element of the box 2 is affected by the through-bolt devices 14 of the fastening system 13. In other words, the fastening system 13 does not pass through any element of the box 2 other than the elements of the assembly 8 of structural stiffening elements, so as not to create any points of infiltration or thermal bridges. Thus, the insulating properties of the panels 3-7 of the box are preserved by avoiding penetration of the foam providing the insulating properties.Furthermore, by securing the structural stiffening elements with through-bolts 14, the mechanical strength, such as the resistance to pull-out of the coating 12 in particular, is improved.

[0075] In one embodiment, the front panel 6 of the crate is used as a door for the building. In another embodiment, as shown in the figures, the door of the crate formed by the front panel 6 is closed. Therefore, the building 1 includes at least one opening in a lateral panel 5, 6, 7 of the crate 2. The opening corresponds in its shape and dimensions either to a doorway or a window. In order for the building 1 to be suitable and pleasant for receiving people, the building 1 may include at least two openings, namely at least one opening 15 forming a doorway and at least one opening 16 forming a window.

[0076] We will now describe two embodiments of building 1, namely a first embodiment called interior, in which the coating 12 is applied to the interior faces of the panels of the box 2, and a second embodiment called exterior in which the coating 12 is applied to the exterior faces of the panels of the box 2

[0077] In the interior embodiment, the coating 12 is applied to the inner face of at least one wall of the case 2. According to the example shown with the aid of figures, the coating 12 covers the inner face of the side panels 5, the front panel 6, the rear panel 7 and the cover 4. The reinforcement inserts 9 of the side wall 5 are arranged on the inner face of said side wall 5, and are therefore visible before the coating 12 is put in place. The reinforcement inserts 9 extend substantially vertically, parallel to each other, and are regularly spaced from each other.

[0078] The coating 12 comprises a primary structure 17 fixed to the casing using the fixing system 13 and a secondary structure 18 which is fixed to the primary structure 17.

[0079] We will describe the primary structure 17 with respect to a side panel 5, it being understood that this description is immediately transposed to the other side panels 5, front 6 and rear 7.

[0080] According to the internal embodiment, the primary structure 17 comprises an arrangement of beams, for example, made of wood. A first set of at least one beam 19, in practice a plurality of beams 19, is arranged substantially perpendicular to the reinforcement inserts 9 on the inner face of the lateral panel 5, i.e., in this case, substantially horizontally, and is fixed by installing through-bolts 14 between the beams 19 and the reinforcement inserts 9. The through-bolts 14 are, for example, self-drilling screws. The beams 19 of the first set are distributed substantially regularly along the vertical direction to ensure the regularity of the structure and the proper distribution of forces. Thus, according to this example, the pull-out resistance is understood to be the pull-out resistance for such screws.

[0081] A second set of beams 20 is arranged around each opening 15 forming a door. The beams 20 of the second set then include a substantially horizontal beam 20, forming a top rail of the door, which can be fixed to the reinforcement inserts 9 as before. The beams 20 of the second set also include two substantially vertical beams 20, each forming a door jamb, and are fixed to at least one beam 19 of the first set. More specifically, some beams 19 of the first set may have an end that abuts a vertical beam 20 of the second set, so that a fastener can be provided at this point between said beams 19, 20. Any type of fastener can be used, for example, screwing, nailing, or gluing.The primary structure 17 can then include substantially vertical spacers 21 fixed between the horizontal beam 20 of the second assembly and the nearest beam 19 of the first assembly, which is positioned above them. The spacers 21 can be fixed, for example, by screwing, nailing, or gluing. The spacers 21 reinforce the mechanical resistance, particularly to bending, of the horizontal beam 20 of the second assembly. Fixing the horizontal beam 20 of the second assembly to the reinforcement inserts 9 can then be unnecessary and therefore omitted. The second assembly of beams 20 thus forms a frame support for the door jamb.

[0082] A third set of beams 22 is also arranged around each opening 16 forming a window. More specifically, the third set comprises Two substantially horizontal beams 22 form the upper and lower rails of the window, and two substantially vertical beams 22 form the window jambs. The fastening of the beams 22 of the third assembly is similar to that of the beams 20 of the second assembly, namely that the substantially horizontal beams 22 can be fastened by means of through-bolts 14 at the level of the reinforcement inserts 9, and / or the substantially horizontal beams 22 are each fastened to a beam 19 of the first assembly by means of vertical spacers 21, and / or each substantially vertical beam 22 is fastened to one or more beams 19 of the first assembly that meet it. The third assembly of beams 22 thus forms a frame support for the window sash.

[0083] To also attach the cladding 12 to the cover 4, the primary structure 17 may include a fourth set of beams 23. When the cover 4 includes at least one support profile, the beams 23 of the fourth set may be attached to said support profile by means of the through-bolts 14. Alternatively, or in combination, the beams 23 of the fourth set are attached to the beams 19 of the first set. More specifically, the first set may then include a so-called upper beam 19, closest to the inner face of the cover 4 but at a sufficient distance from said inner face so that an extreme portion of a beam 23 of the fourth set can be inserted between the inner face of the cover 4 and the upper beam 19 of the first set.Each beam 23 of the fourth assembly can then be positioned in the transverse direction, supported by two upper beams 19, namely the upper beam 19 of the first assembly fixed to one side panel 5 and the upper beam 19 of the first assembly fixed to the other side panel 5. The beams 23 of the fourth assembly can be fixed in any way, for example by screwing, nailing or gluing, to the upper beams 19 of the first assemblies of each side panel 5.

[0084] The primary structure 17 thus formed is fixed by the devices 14, which pass through only the set 8 of structural stiffening elements of the body 2; no other element of the body 2 is passed through. Optionally, bonding points of the primary structure 17 on the inner face of the side panel 5 may be provided to reinforce the stability and mechanical strength of the coating 12.

[0085] The primary structure 17 can then form a support for the secondary structure 18. As will be seen later, an intermediate structure can be attached to the primary structure 17 in order to provide support adapted to the orientation of the elements of the secondary structure 18.

[0086] The secondary structure 18 can also be called the decorative structure, and can comprise a set 24 of vertical blades forming a facing, fixed on the primary structure 17 by any known means, for example by screwing, nailing, or gluing. The vertical slats 24 of the decorative structure 18 then extend substantially perpendicularly to the beams 19 of the first assembly, facilitating the attachment of the slats. The decorative structure 18 may also include panels cut to the dimensions of the box and openings 15, 16, attached to the primary structure 17.

[0087] The decorative structure 24 may include a stretch ceiling type device to cover the inner face of the cover 4; in this case, the fourth set of beams 23 is superfluous.

[0088] The secondary structure 18 may further include door frame plates 25, fixed to the primary structure 17 by means of the beams 20 of the second assembly. The door frame plates 26 are fixed to the beams 20 of the second assembly in any manner, for example, by means of screws 26 passing through the beams 20 and the plates 25 in a direction substantially parallel to the outer face of the side panel 5, so as not to pass through the side panel 5. The door frame plates 25 thus form a door frame and conceal the thickness of the panel 5 in which the door opening 15 has been cut. Each door opening 15 may include at least three door frame plates 25, and sealing devices may be placed between said plates 25.The 25 door frame plates can be fitted with various elements to mount a door leaf onto the frame, such as hinges and / or the lock strike plate, or even a trim.

[0089] Similarly, the decorative structure 24 may include window frame plates 27, fixed to the primary structure 17 by means of the beams 22 of the third assembly. The door frame plates 27 may be fixed to the beams 22 of the third assembly in any manner similar to that of the door frame plates 25. Each window opening 16 may include at least four window frame plates 27, with sealing devices being able to be installed between said plates 27. The plates 27 thus form a window frame and conceal the thickness of the panel 5 in which the window opening 16 has been cut. The window frame plates 27 may be equipped with the various elements for mounting a window sash on the frame, such as hinges and / or the lock strike plate, or even a trim.

[0090] According to one embodiment, the door frame plates 25 and the window frame plates 27 are also fixed to a primary structure attached to the outer face of the panel concerned. The fixing will be detailed in the outer embodiment.

[0091] The floor 3 can be covered with any suitable covering, for example a PVC covering in the form of rolls to be unrolled and / or planks or tiles. Such a covering can be glued to the floor 3, but not necessarily.

[0092] The covering 12 on the inner face of the side panel 5, and where applicable, of the cover 4, gives the interior of the box 2, transformed into a building 1, a comfortable and pleasant atmosphere. The pattern and / or texture of the covering 12, and more particularly of the decorative structure 24, can be left to the users' choice, depending on the desired atmosphere.

[0093] According to one embodiment, the coating 12 is at least partly, and preferably entirely, made of wood.

[0094] The primary structure 17 creates a space between the inner face of the lateral panel 5 and the decorative structure. This space can be filled, in whole or in part, with a material having fire-resistant, for example, and / or acoustically insulating, and / or thermally insulating properties. In particular, a fire-resistant material is suitable for making the building comply with the regulatory requirements for public access buildings (ERP) and / or high-rise buildings (ERT).

[0095] In the exterior embodiment, the coating 12 is applied to the outer face of at least one wall of the body 2. According to the example shown in the figures, the coating 12 covers the outer face of the side panels 5, front panel 6, and rear panel 7. In particular, a top angle bracket 10, substantially horizontal, is placed across each side panel 5 and the cover 4, and a bottom angle bracket 10, substantially horizontal, is placed between each side panel 5 and the floor 3. A side angle bracket 10 may also be placed between each side panel 5 and the front panel 6, and / or between each side panel 5 and the rear panel 7. Substantially horizontal angle brackets 10 may also be placed between the front panel 6 and the cover 4, between the front panel 6 and the floor 3, between the rear panel 7 and the cover 4, and between the rear panel 7 and the floor 3.

[0096] As with the interior embodiment, the coating 12 comprises a primary structure 17 fixed to the casing using the fixing system 13 and a secondary structure 18 which is fixed to the primary structure.

[0097] We will describe the primary structure 17 with respect to a side panel 5, it being understood that this description is immediately transposed to the other side panels 5, front 6 and rear 7.

[0098] According to the external embodiment, the primary structure comprises a first set of substantially vertical beams 28. Each beam 28 of the first set is applied to the outer face of the side panel 5 and fixed to an upper angle bracket 10 and a lower angle bracket 10 by means of a device 14 passing through the fastening system 13. The through-bolt devices 14 are, for example, self-drilling screws. The beams 28 of the first assembly can also be fixed to the outer face of the side panel 5, for example, in a region substantially equidistant from the upper and lower angle brackets 10 using adhesive, or in regularly spaced regions between the upper and lower angle brackets 10, in order to limit vibrations of the beams 28, and therefore of the cladding 12, and to increase strength. The beams 28 of the first assembly can be distributed substantially regularly along the longitudinal direction to ensure the regularity of the structure and the proper distribution of forces.

[0099] A second set of beams 30 is arranged around each opening 15 forming a door. The beams 30 of the second set then include a substantially horizontal beam 30, forming a top rail of the door. The primary structure 17 then includes at least one substantially vertical connecting beam 31, which is fixed by a through-bolt 14 to a top angle bracket 10 and abuts the substantially horizontal beam 30 of the first set. The substantially horizontal beam 30 can then be fixed to the connecting beam 31 in any way, for example by gluing, screwing, or nailing. In practice, several connecting beams 31 can be used, depending on the requirements, for example, the dimensions of the opening 15 and / or the mechanical strength. The beams 30 of the second set also include two substantially vertical beams 30, each forming a door jamb.More specifically, the vertical beams 30 of the second assembly are joined and fixed to the horizontal beam 30 by any known means, for example by gluing, screwing or nailing.

[0100] A third set of beams 32 is arranged around each opening 16 forming a window. More specifically, the third set comprises two substantially horizontal beams 32 forming the upper and lower rails of the window, and two substantially vertical beams 32 forming the jambs of the window. The fastening of the beams 32 of the third set is similar to that of the beams 30 of the second set, namely that at least one connecting beam 31, or in practice several connecting beams 31 as needed, of the primary structure 17 can butt the substantially horizontal beams 32 together, the connecting beams 31 being fastened by through-bolts 14 to an upper angle 10 or a lower angle 10; the substantially horizontal beams 32 of the third set are then fastened to the connecting beams 31 by any means, for example by screwing, nailing, or gluing.The third set of beams 32 thus forms a frame support for the fixed part of a window.

[0101] The primary structure 17 can then form a support for the secondary structure 18.

[0102] Similar to the interior embodiment, in the exterior embodiment, the secondary structure 18 may include door frame plates 25, fixed to the primary structure 17 by means of the beams 30 of the second assembly. The door frame plates 25 may be fixed to the beams 30 of the second assembly in any manner, for example, by screws passing through the beams 30 and the plates 25 in a direction substantially parallel to the outer face of the side panel 5, so as not to pass through the side panel 5. The door frame plates 25 thus form a door frame and conceal the thickness of the panel 5 in which the door opening 15 has been cut. Each door opening 15 may include at least three door frame plates 25, and sealing devices may be placed between said plates 25.The 25 door frame plates can be fitted with various elements to mount a door leaf onto the frame, such as hinges and / or the lock strike plate, or even a trim.

[0103] Similarly, in the exterior embodiment, the decorative structure 24 may include window frame panels 27, fixed to the primary structure 17 by means of the beams 32 of the third assembly. The door frame panels 27 may be fixed to the beams 32 of the second assembly in any manner similar to that of the door frame panels 25. Each window opening 16 may include at least four window frame panels 27, with sealing devices being able to be installed between said panels 27. The panels 27 thus form a window frame and conceal the thickness of the panel 5 in which the window opening 16 has been cut. The window frame panels 27 may be equipped with various elements for mounting a window sash on the frame, such as hinges and / or a lock strike plate, or even a trim.

[0104] When the interior embodiment is combined with the exterior embodiment, i.e., when the cladding 12 is installed on both the interior and exterior faces of the side panel 5, the door frame plates 25 can be fixed to both the beams 20 of the second assembly of the interior embodiment and the beams 30 of the second assembly of the exterior embodiment. Similarly, the window frame plates 27 can then be fixed to both the beams 22 of the third assembly of the exterior embodiment and the beams 32 of the third assembly of the exterior embodiment.

[0105] According to the example shown, the primary structure 17 mainly comprises beams extending in the vertical direction, with the exception of the substantially horizontal beams 30 of the second sets of beams 30 and the substantially horizontal beams 32 of the third sets of beams 32. In order to be able to fix substantially vertical elements, for example of the cladding type, forming the secondary structure 18, the coating 12 may include an intermediate structure 33, fixed on the primary structure, which provides support oriented in a way suitable for fixing the primary structure 18.

[0106] Thus, as illustrated in the example of [Fig. 10], the intermediate structure 33 may comprise at least one beam 34, in practice a plurality of beams 34 oriented substantially horizontally, and fixed to the primary structure 17 by any known means, taking care not to pierce the casing 2 on any elements other than those of the set 8 of stiffening elements. The beams 34 may, however, be oriented in any manner suitable for fixing the secondary structure 18.

[0107] The secondary structure 18 can then be fixed to the intermediate structure 33. For example, the secondary structure 18 comprises cladding of vertical boards 35, fixed in any known manner, for example by screwing, nailing and / or gluing to the beams 34 of the intermediate structure 33. Other decorative elements 36 can be fixed to the cladding of boards 35, such as patterns or panels, without drilling through the casing 2.

[0108] The space between the outer wall of the panel 5 and the secondary structure can be used to be filled, in part or completely, with a material having determined properties, such as thermal insulation, acoustic insulation, and / or fire resistance.

[0109] According to one embodiment, the primary structure 12, the secondary structure 18, and, where applicable, the intermediate structure 33 are at least partially, and preferably entirely, made of bio-based material, for example, wood. The use of wood makes it possible to meet the requirements in terms of mechanical strength and durability, but also in terms of thermal insulation and comfort for people in the building 1.

[0110] Although the interior embodiment and the exterior embodiment have been described separately, it is immediately apparent that building 1 can combine the two embodiments, and have a cladding 12 both interior and exterior.

[0111] Thanks to the installation of the cladding 12 using the fastening system 13, which specifically targets the set 8 of structural stiffening elements, the thermal insulation performance of the casing 2 is preserved, resulting in high thermal insulation performance for the building 1, with a low material investment. Costs are thus reduced. Furthermore, since the pull-out resistance of the stiffening elements 8 with respect to the through-bolt device 14 is greater than that of the insulating material, the weight of the cladding 12, and possibly additional elements such as decoration, that the fastening system 13 can support is greater than that of a fastener on the insulating material. Thus, the pull-out resistance of the set 8 of stiffening elements is determined so as to be able to support a minimum weight corresponding to coating 12, and preferably a minimum weight greater than that of coating 12 to take into account additional elements.

[0112] The transformation of the crate 2 into building 1 can be carried out in the factory, then building 2 is moved to the place of use by any suitable means, for example by truck trailer.

[0113] Building 1 can be easily installed on any type of terrain. Soil preparation of the site on which the building will be placed can be carried out, for example, by leveling and / or drying the soil. Building 1 can be installed directly or indirectly, using shims, micro-foundations, beams, or pads, for example. Building 1 can also be installed underground.

[0114] The resulting building 1 exhibits high environmental quality. Indeed, the recycling of refrigerated transport crates, the preservation of the crates' thermal insulation properties, and the use of bio-based materials result in a low carbon footprint.

Claims

Demands

1. Building (1) intended to receive persons, the building (1) comprising at least one refrigerated container (2) for the transport of goods, the container (2) forming a volume comprising at least four side panels (5, 6, 7), one top panel (4), and one bottom panel (3), at least one of said panels (3, 4, 5, 6, 7) comprising a thermally insulating material, the refrigerated container (2) further comprising at least one set (8) of structural stiffening elements of the container (2), the pull-out resistance of one element (9, 10) of the set (8) of structural stiffening elements being greater than that of said thermally insulating material, the building (1) further comprising at least one cladding (12) of at least one of the panels (3, 4, 5, 6, 7) and a fastening system (13) between the cladding (12) and the container (2),The building (1) being characterized in that the fastening system (13) comprises at least one device (14) passing at least partially through the cladding (12) and at least one element (9, 10) of the assembly (8) of stiffening elements of the casing (2).

2. Building according to claim 1, wherein the assembly of reinforcement elements (8) comprises at least one reinforcement (9) of said at least one panel and / or at least one corner angle (10) bonded between one of said side panels (5, 6, 7) and one of the upper panel (4) and the lower panel (3).

3. Building (1) according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the four side panels (3, 4, 5) comprise a thermally insulating material, and wherein the cladding (12) is fixed to each side panel (3, 4, 5) by the fixing system (13).

4. Building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the insulating material comprises a rigid polyurethane foam.

5. Building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the assembly (8) of reinforcement elements comprises at least one support profile fixed to the upper wall, the support profile being intended to support accessories for storing goods suspended in the crate, the system (13) of fixing comprising at least one device passing at least partially through the coating (12) and said support profile.

6. Building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one side panel (5, 6, 7) of the casing (2) includes an opening (15, 16) forming a window or door.

7. Building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the coating (12) is applied to an inner face of at least one panel (3, 4, 5, 6, 7) of the crate (2).

8. Building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the coating (12) is applied to an outer face of at least one panel (3, 4, 5, 6, 7) of the crate (2).

9. Building (1) according to any one of the claims, wherein the cladding (12) comprises a bio-based material, such as wood.

10. Building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the elements (9, 10) of the assembly (8) of reinforcing elements are at least partly metallic.

11. Building (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cladding (12) comprises a primary structure (17) attached to the casing (2) by said fastening system (13) and a secondary structure (18) attached to the primary structure (17).

12. A method for transforming a refrigerated goods transport container into a building according to any one of the preceding claims, the method comprising: • Identifying at least one refrigerated container forming a volume comprising at least four side panels (5, 6, 7), one top panel (4), and one bottom panel (3), at least one of said panels (3, 4, 5, 6, 7) comprising a thermally insulating material, the refrigerated container (2) further comprising at least one set (8) of structural stiffening elements of the container (2), the pull-out resistance of one element (9, 10) of the set (8) of structural stiffening elements being greater than that of said thermally insulating material; • Verifying the integrity of the refrigerated container;• The fixing of at least one covering (12) on at least one of the walls of the case using the fixing system (13) on the assembly (8) of stiffening elements.;

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