Water-soluble dispersant, preparation method therefor, and use thereof

Abstract

A water-soluble dispersant, a preparation method therefor, and the use thereof. The water-soluble dispersant comprises a polyether modified polymer A and a polyamide high-molecular polymer B. Raw mate

Description

Embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of colorant additives, such as a water-soluble dispersant, a preparation method therefor, and an application thereof. BACKGROUND The disperse dye is a kind of small molecule dye without water-soluble groups in its structure, it has a broad color range, products colored therefrom have a bright color and excellent indexes, so the disperse dye is widely used in the dyeing of various synthetic fibers, acetate fibers, and blended fabrics. It is necessary to use a dispersant to evenly disperse the dye in the dye solution to dye fibers such as polyesters. With the rapid development of Chinese printing and dyeing industry, the wastewater emission and pollution degree of the printing and dyeing industry are increasing significantly, and the diversification of the printing and dyeing products also makes the components in the printing and dyeing wastewater more complex and more difficult to be treated. For the conventional disperse dyes, a large number of lignin salts, naphthalenesulfonate salts, and other dispersing additives are added during the dispersion, because of which the grinding efficiency of the production process is low, and at the same time the additive amount of dispersant is 70-150% relative to the dyes, and the high proportion of the dispersant results in a large amount of organic matter in the printing and dyeing wastewater, which makes the treatment process cumbersome and complicated and is harmful to the environment. Moreover, due to the short stabilization period and difficulty in long-term preservation, the liquid dye dispersion is required to be spray-dried and manufactured into commercial dyes available in the market to improve their storage period. CN114644762A discloses a multi-modified lignin dye dispersant and a preparation method therefor. The industrial alkali lignin is used as a raw material, and under the alkaline conditions, the sulfonated reagent 1 and sulfonated reagent 2 are used as a sulfonated reagent system to introduce sulfonic groups at different sites simultaneously, which can greatly increase the content of hydrophilic sulfonic group. Then the blocking reagent is optionally added to reduce the content of residual hydroxyl groups and increase the molecular mass at the same time. The multi-modified lignosulfonate can be used as a dye dispersant, and can be manufactured into a disperse dye system with good dispersibility and excellent high temperature stability without grinding, which has very low staining and a low reduction rate for azo dyes, and can significantly improve the dyeing rate simultaneously, and greatly reduce the production cost of the printing and dyeing industry. However, the dispersant of this application used for dispersing dyes has a high additive proportion, and the particle size of the dye dispersion is still large. Therefore, it is expected to develop a water-soluble dispersant for dye dispersion in this field. SUMMARY The following is a summary of subject matter that is described in detail herein. This summary is not intended to be limiting as to the scope of the claims. Embodiments of the present application provide a water-soluble dispersant, a preparation method therefor, and an application thereof. The water-soluble dispersant provided in the present application improves the wetting effect and the protective effect of the dispersant on the disperse dye particles, so that the grinding efficiency of the disperse dyes, the proportion of dye particles in the dispersion, and the dispersion stability are all improved. In a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a water-soluble dispersant; the water-soluble dispersant comprises a polyether-modified polymer A and an amide polymer B; raw materials for preparing the polyether-modified polymer A comprise a vinylbenzene monomer, a vinylsulfonic monomer, and an active polyether macromonomer; the amide polymer B comprises a homopolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and / or a copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone. In the present application, the water-soluble dispersant is obtained by compounding the polyether-modified polymer A and the amide polymer B, wherein the polyether-modified polymer A is a comb polymer obtained by the bulk free radical polymerization of a prepared active polyether macromonomer, a prepared vinylsulfonic monomer and a vinylbenzene monomer under the initiation of a peroxide initiator; the active polyether macromonomer provides a hydrophilic segment of the polymer side-chain, the alkyl ester chain and the sulfonic functional group contained in the vinylsulfonic monomer give the polymer the wetting ability and electrostatic repulsion effect to exert on the dye particles, the conjugative effect of the benzene ring in the vinylbenzene monomer improves the affinity of the polymer anchoring group to the disperse dye group, and the application performance of polymers for disperse dyes are regulated by controlling the ratio of corresponding monomers of functional chain segments of the polymers. The composite system of the polyether-modified polymer A and the polar amide polymer B makes the species of functional groups in the water-soluble dispersant system more diversified, and improves the wetting effect and protective effect of the dispersant on the disperse dye particles, so that the grinding efficiency of disperse dye, the proportion of dye particles in the dispersion, and the dispersion stability are all improved. Preferably, the active polyether macromonomer is prepared by the following preparation method: adding polyether amine and allyl succinic anhydride to a reactor, heating, performing heat preservation until no water is distilled out during the reaction to obtain the active polyether macromonomer. Preferably, the polyether amine is a mono-primary amino polyether which is prepared from self-polymerization of ethylene oxide or copolymerization of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide by using a monohydric alcohol as a initiator and has terminal hydroxyl replaced by amino. Preferably, the polyether amine has a weight-average molecular mass of 500-2500 g / mol, such as 500 g / mol, 800 g / mol, 1000 g / mol, 1300 g / mol, 1500 g / mol, 1800 g / mol, 2000 g / mol, 2300 g / mol, or 2500 g / mol. Preferably, the polyether amine comprises any one or a combination of at least two of JEFFAMINE M-2070, JEFFAMINE M-1000, or JEFF AMINE M-600. Preferably, a molar ratio of the polyether amine to the allyl succinic anhydride is (0.5-1.5):1, such as 0.5:1, 1:1, or 1.5:1, preferably 1:1. Preferably, the heating is to heat to 120-160°C, such as 120°C, 130°C, 140°C, 150°C, or 160°C. Preferably, the heat preservation is performed for a period of 2-6 h, such as 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 5 h, or 6h. Preferably, a preparation process of the active polyether macromonomer is performed under inert gas protection. Preferably, the active polyether macronionomer has a structure shown in Formula I below: Formula I wherein Ri is hydrogen or methyl, R2 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl, m is an integer from 10 to 60, such as 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, or 60, etc., and n is an integer from 0 to 15, such as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15. Preferably, the vinylsulfonic monomer is obtained by the following preparation method: adding a hydroxylated acrylic monomer and an alkyl sultone to a reactor, mixing, and reacting until a residual amount of the alkyl sultone is less than 0.5% to obtain the vinylsulfonic monomer. In the present application, the acrylic monomer and the alkyl sultone are subjected to ring-opening esterification to obtain the vinylsulfonic monomer. Preferably, the hydroxylated acrylic monomer comprises any one or a combination of at least two of hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate, hydroxypentyl acrylate, or hydroxypentyl methacrylate. Preferably, the alkyl sultone comprises any one or a combination of at least two of 1,3-propanesultone, l-methyl-l,3-propanesultone, 2-methyl-l,3-propanesultone, 3-methyl-l,3-propanesultone, 1,4-butanesultone, l-methyl-l,4-butanesultone, 2-methyl-1,4-butanesultone, 3-methyl-1,4-butanesultone, or 4-methyl-l,4-butanesultone. Preferably, a molar ratio of the hydroxylated acrylic monomer to the alkyl sultone is 1:1. Preferably, a system of the reaction further comprises an acid catalyst. Preferably, the acid catalyst comprises any one or a combination of at least two of p-toluene sulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, propionic acid, or hydrochloric acid. Preferably, an additive amount of the acid catalyst is 0.5-3% of total part by weight of the hydroxylated acrylic monomer and the alkyl sultone, such as 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, or 3%. Preferably, the mixing is performed at a temperature of 60-90°C, such as 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, or 90°C. Preferably, the reaction is performed for a period of 5-20 h, such as 5 h, 6 h, 7 h, 8 h, 9 h, 10 h, 11 h, 12 h, 13 h, 14 h, 15 h, 16 h, 17 h, 18 h, 19 h, or 20 h. Preferably, a preparation process of the vinyl sulfonic monomer is performed under inert gas protection. Preferably, a residue amount of the alkyl sultone is tested by a gas chromatograph, wherein the sample is gasified and then detected by a flame ionization detector, and quantified by the corrected area normalization method. Preferably, the vinylbenzene monomer comprises any one or a combination of at least two of styrene, P-methyl styrene, allylbenzene, 3-methyl styrene, 2-methyl styrene, or 2-isopropenyl toluene. Preferably, a mass ratio of the vinylbenzene monomer to the vinylsulfonic monomer to the active polyether macromonomer is (3-10):(10-20):(20-50), such as 3:10:20, 10:20:50, 3:20:20, or 10:10:20, etc. Preferably, the raw materials of the polyether-modified polymer A further comprise an initiator. Preferably, the initiator comprises any one or a combination of at least two of benzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, or 2,2-bis(tert-butylperoxy)butane. Preferably, the raw materials of the polyether-modified polymer A comprise the following components by weight: vinylbenzene monomer 6-20 parts; vinylsulfonic monomer 20-40 parts; active polyether macromonomer 40-100 parts; and initiator 0.5-1.5 parts. Preferably, as a raw material of the polyether-modified polymer A in parts by weight, a usage amount of the vinylbenzene monomer can be 6 parts, 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts, 10 parts, 11 parts, 12 parts, 13 parts, 14 parts, 15 parts, 16 parts, 17 parts, 18 parts, 19 parts, or 20 parts, etc. Preferably, as a raw material of the polyether-modified polymer A in parts by weight, a usage amount of the vinylsulfonic monomer can be 20 parts, 21 parts, 22 parts, 23 parts, 24 parts, 25 parts, 26 parts, 27 parts, 28 parts, 29 parts, 30 parts, 31 parts, 32 parts, 33 parts, 34 parts, 35 parts, 36 parts, 37 parts, 38 parts, 39 parts, or 40 parts, etc. Preferably, as a raw material of the polyether-modified polymer A in parts by weight, a usage amount of the active polyether macromonomer can be 40 parts, 45 parts, 50 parts, 55 parts, 60 parts, 65 parts, 70 parts, 75 parts, 80 parts, 85 parts, 90 parts, 95 parts, or 100 parts, etc. Preferably, as a raw material of the polyether-modified polymer A in parts by weight, a usage amount of the initiator can be 0.5 parts, 1 part, or 1.5 parts, etc. Preferably, the polyether-modified polymer A has a weight-average molecular mass of 50000-200000 g / mol, such as 50000 g / mol, 80000 g / mol, 100000 g / mol, 130000 g / mol, 150000 g / mol, 180000 g / mol, or 200000 g / mol, etc., preferably 50000-100000 g / mol. Preferably, the amide polymer B has a weight-average molecular mass of 2000-100000 g / mol, such as 2000 g / mol, 5000 g / mol, 8000 g / mol, 10000 g / mol, 30000 g / mol, 50000 g / mol, 80000 g / mol, or 100000 g / mol, etc., preferably 10000-50000 g / mol. Preferably, the copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone comprises a copolymer of vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate. Preferably, the amide polymer B comprises any one or a combination of at least two of PVPK25, 6 PVPK30, PVPK35, or copovidone VA64. Preferably, a mass ratio of the polyether-modified polymer A and the amide polymer B is (60-160):(40-70), such as 60:40, 60:60, 60:70, 100:40, 100:60, 100:70, 160:40, 160:60, or 160:70, etc. Preferably, the water-soluble dispersant further comprises deionized water and a pH adjuster. Preferably, the pH adjuster comprises any one or a combination of at least two of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, or triethanolamine. Preferably, the raw materials of the water-soluble dispersant comprise the following components by weight: polyether-modified polymer A amide polymer B deionized water pH adjuster 9, or 10, etc.) 60-160 parts; 40-70 parts; 100-200 parts; and adjusting a pH of the system to 7-10 (e.g., 7, 8, Preferably, as a raw material of the water-soluble dispersant in parts by weight, a usage amount of the polyether-modified polymer A can be 60 parts, 70 parts, 80 parts, 90 parts, 100 parts, 110 parts, 120 parts, 130 parts, 140 parts, 150 parts, or 160 parts, etc. Preferably, as a raw material of the water-soluble dispersant in parts by weight, a usage amount of the amide polymer B can be 40 parts, 45 parts, 50 parts, 55 parts, 60 parts, 65 parts, or 70 parts, etc. Preferably, as a raw material of the water-soluble dispersant in parts by weight, a usage amount of the deionized water can be 100 parts, 110 parts, 120 parts, 130 parts, 140 parts, 150 parts, 160 parts, 170 parts, 180 parts, 190 parts, or 200 parts, etc. In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a preparation method for the water-soluble dispersant as described in the first aspect, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) adding an active polyether macromonomer with a formulation amount to a reactor, heating, then adding a vinylbenzene monomer, a vinyl sulfonic monomer, and an optional initiator, and performing a reaction with heat preservation to obtain the polyether-modified polymer A; and (2) cooling the polyether-modified polymer A obtained in step (1), then adding optional deionized water and the amide polymer B, and then adding an optional pH adjuster, and stirring to obtain the water-soluble dispersant. Preferably, the heating in step (1) is to raise the temperature to 100-150°C, such as 100°C, 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, 140°C, or 150°C, etc. Preferably, in step (1), to add the vinylbenzene monomer, the vinylsulfonic monomer, and the optional initiator, the three raw materials are first prepared into a mixture and then added dropwise, and a period of the dropwise addition is controlled at 5-15 h, such as 5 h, 6 h, 7 h, 8 h, 9 h, 10 h, 11 h, 12 h, 13 h, 14 h, or 15 h, etc. Preferably, the reaction with heat preservation in step (1) is performed at a temperature of 100-150°C, such as 100°C, 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, 140°C or 150°C, etc., and the reaction with heat preservation is performed for a period of 1-3 h, such as 1 h, 2 h, or 3 h, etc. Preferably, the step (1) and step (2) are both performed under inert gas protection. Preferably, the cooling in step (2) is to reduce the temperature to 50-60°C, such as 50°C, 55°C, or 60°C, etc. In a third aspect, embodiments of the present application provide an application of the water-soluble dispersant as described in the first aspect in dye dispersion. Compared with the related art, the embodiments of the present application have the following beneficial effects: in the embodiments of the present application, the vinylbenzene monomer, the vinylsulfonic monomer, and the active poly ether macromonomer are subjected to the bulk free radical polymerization to obtain the polyether-modified polymer A, the polyether-modified polymer A and the amide polymer B are compounded to obtain the water-soluble dispersant; the species of functional groups in the water-soluble dispersant system is more diversified, which improves the wetting effect and protection effect of the dispersant on the disperse dye particles, so that the grinding efficiency of the disperse dyes, the proportion of dye particles in the dispersion, and the dispersion stability are all improved. Other aspects will be appreciated upon reading and understanding the detailed description. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The technical solutions of the present application are further described below by specific embodiments. The person skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments are merely an aid to understanding the present application and should not be regarded as a specific limitation of the present application. Preparation Example 1 The preparation example provides an active polyether macromonomer, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: 200 g of the polyetheramine JEFFAMINE M-2070 and 14 g of allyl succinic anhydride were added to a reaction flask protected with N2, heated to 130°C and held for 4 h until no water was distilled out in the reaction process to obtain the active polyether macromonomer which was denoted as ai. Preparation Example 2 The preparation example provides an active polyether macromonomer, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: 200 g of the polyetheramine JEFFAMINE M-1000 and 28 g of allyl succinic anhydride were added to a reaction flask protected with N2, heated to 140°C and held for 3 h until no water was distilled out in the reaction process to obtain the active polyether macromonomer which was denoted as a2. Preparation Example 3 The preparation example provides an active polyether macromonomer, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: 180 g of the polyetheramine JEFFAMINE M-600 and 42 g of allyl succinic anhydride were added to a reaction flask protected with N2, heated to 160°C and held for 2.5 h until no water was distilled out in the reaction process to obtain the active polyether macromonomer which was denoted as ag. Preparation Example 4 The preparation example provides a vinylsulfonic monomer, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: 50 g of hydroxyethyl acrylate and 52.6 g of 1,3-propanesultone were added to a reaction flask protected with N2, stirred evenly at 60°C, and then added with 0.6 g of p-toluene sulfonic acid, stirred and reacted for 5 h until a residual amount of 1,3-propanesultone was 0.2% to obtain the vinylsulfonic monomer which was denoted as bi. Preparation Example 5 The preparation example provides a vinylsulfonic monomer, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: 50 g of hydroxypropyl acrylate and 52.3 g of 1,4-butanesultone were added to a reaction flask protected with N2, stirred evenly at 80°C, and then added with 1 g of propionic acid, stirred and reacted for 12 h until a residual amount of 1,4-butanesultone was 0.3% to obtain the vinylsulfonic monomer which was denoted as b2. Preparation Example 6 The preparation example provides a vinylsulfonic monomer, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: 50 g of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 46.9 g of 1,3-propanesultone were added to a reaction flask protected with N2, stirred evenly at 90°C, and then added with 2.9 g of hydrochloric acid, stirred and reacted for 5 h until a residual amount of 1,3-propanesultone was 0.4% to obtain the vinylsulfonic monomer which was denoted as bs. Comparative Preparation Example 1 This comparative preparation example differs from Preparation Example 1 only in that allyl succinic anhydride was replaced by maleic anhydride with an equal molar amount, and the poly ether obtained was denoted as D-ai. Example 1 The example provides a water-soluble dispersant, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) 40 parts by weight of the active poly ether macromonomer ai was weighed out and added to a reaction flask protected with N2, stirred, and heated to 105°C; a mixture solution containing 20 parts of styrene, 30 parts of the vinylsulfonic monomer bi, and 0.5 parts of benzoyl peroxide was evenly added dropwise, and the dropwise addition was completed within 5 h, and after the completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction was held at 110°C for 1.5 h to obtain a polyether-modified polymer A; and (2) 80 parts by weight of the polyether-modified polymer A obtained in step (1) was weighed out and added to a reaction flask protected with N2, cooled to 60°C, and then added with 200 parts of deionized water and 70 parts of PVPK30, and then potassium hydroxide was added to adjust the system pH to 7.5, and stirred uniformly to obtain the water-soluble dispersant. Example 2 The example provides a water-soluble dispersant, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) 60 parts by weight of the active poly ether macromonomer a2 was weighed out and added to a reaction flask protected with N2, stirred, and heated to 115°C; a mixture solution containing 6 parts of styrene, 20 parts of the vinylsulfonic monomer b2, and 0.6 parts of tert-butyl peroxybenzoate was evenly added dropwise, and the dropwise addition was completed within 15 h, and after the completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction was held at 115 °C for 3 h to obtain a polyether-modified polymer A; and (2) 60 parts by weight of the polyether-modified polymer A obtained in step (1) was weighed out and added to a reaction flask protected with N2, cooled to 60°C, and then added with 100 parts of deionized water and 40 parts of PVPK35, and then sodium hydroxide was added to adjust the system pH to 10, and stirred uniformly to obtain the water-soluble dispersant. Example 3 The example provides a water-soluble dispersant, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) 100 parts by weight of the active poly ether macromonomer as was weighed out and added to a reaction flask protected with N2, stirred, and heated to 140°C; a mixture solution containing 14 parts of 3-methylstyrene, 40 parts of the vinylsulfonic monomer bs, and 1.5 parts of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide was evenly added dropwise, and the dropwise addition was completed within 12 h, and after the completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction was performed at 140=C for 2.5 h to obtain a polyether-modified polymer A; and (2) 160 parts by weight of the polyether-modified polymer A obtained in step (1) was weighed out and added to a reaction flask protected with N2, cooled to 60°C, and then added with 150 parts of deionized water and 50 parts of copovidone VA64, and then potassium hydroxide was added to adjust the system pH to 8.0, and stirred uniformly to obtain the water-soluble dispersant. Example 4 The example provides a water-soluble dispersant, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) 80 parts by weight of the active poly ether macromonomer ai was weighed out and added to a reaction flask protected with N2, stirred, and heated to 150°C; a mixture solution containing 8 parts of 2-methylstyrene, 25 parts of the vinylsulfonic monomer b2, and 1.3 parts of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide was evenly added dropwise, and the dropwise addition was completed within 11 h, and after the completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction was performed at 150°C for 3 h to obtain a polyether-modified polymer A; and (2) 110 parts by weight of the polyether-modified polymer A obtained in step (1) was weighed out and added to a reaction flask protected with N2, cooled to 60°C, and then added with 160 parts of deionized water and 60 parts of PVPK35, and then potassium hydroxide was added to adjust the system pH to 9, and stirred uniformly to obtain the water-soluble dispersant. Example 5 The example provides a water-soluble dispersant, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) 70 parts by weight of the active polyether macromonomer a2 was weighed out and added to a reaction flask protected with N2, stirred, and heated to 140°C; a mixture solution containing 12 parts of allylbenzene, 35 parts of the vinylsulfonic monomer bi, and 1.2 parts of dicumyl peroxide was evenly added dropwise, and the dropwise addition was completed within 10 h, and after the completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction was performed at 140°C for 1 h to obtain a polyether-modified polymer A; and (2) 110 parts by weight of the polyether-modified polymer A obtained in step (1) was weighed out and added to a reaction flask protected with N2, cooled to 60°C, and then added with 180 parts of deionized water and 50 parts of PVPK30, and then sodium hydroxide was added to adjust the system pH to 7.5, and stirred uniformly to obtain the water-soluble dispersant. Example 6 The example provides a water-soluble dispersant, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) 50 parts by weight of the active polyether macromonomer as were weighed out and added to a reaction flask protected with N2, stirred, and heated to 125°C; a mixture solution containing 18 parts of styrene, 28 parts of the vinylsulfonic monomer b:, and 0.7 parts of di-tert-butyl peroxide was evenly added dropwise, and the dropwise addition was completed within 8 h, and after the completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction was performed at 125°C for 1.5 h to obtain a polyether-modified polymer A; and (2) 90 parts by weight of the polyether-modified polymer A obtained in step (1) was weighed out and added to a reaction flask protected with N2, cooled to 60°C, and then added with 120 parts of deionized water and 40 parts of PVPK25, and then sodium hydroxide was added to adjust the system pH to 8.5, and stirred uniformly to obtain the water-soluble dispersant. Example 7 This example differs from Example 1 only in that the active polyether macromonomer ai in step (1) was 30 parts by weight. Example 8 This example differs from Example 3 only in that the active polyether macromonomer ai in step (1) was 110 parts by weight. Comparative Example 1 This comparative example differs from Example 1 only in that the active polyether macromonomer ai in step (1) was replaced by allyl poly ether APEG2000 with equal parts by weight. Comparative Example 2 This comparative example differs from Example 1 only in that the vinylsulfonic monomer bi in step (1) was replaced by vinylsulfonic acid with equal parts by weight. Comparative Example 3 This comparative example differs from Example 1 only in that the vinylbenzene monomer (styrene) in step (1) was replaced by sodium p-styrenesulfonate with equal parts by weight. Comparative Example 4 This comparative example differs from Example 1 only in that the amide polymer B (PVPK30) in step (2) was replaced by PVPK12 with equal parts by weight. Comparative Example 5 This comparative example differs from Example 1 only in that the active poly ether macromonomer ai in step (1) was replaced by the polyether D-ai with equal parts by weight prepared in Comparative Preparation Example 1. Comparative Example 6 A commercially available dispersant, which is MF. Test Example The laboratory sanding was adopted, the dispersion formulation was 200 g in total, and a dispersant, water, and a disperse dye (Disperse Blue 79) were sequentially added by their respective proportions; after evenly stirred, the system was added with 400 g of zirconium beads with a particle size of 0.8-1 mm and sealed in a glass jar, and then shaken for 12 h, and 5 then filtered to obtain a dye dispersion. The dye dispersion prepared in the present application has the specific formulae shown in Table 1: Table 1 Dye dispersion Disperse Blue 79 (g) Dispersant Water (g) Product Amount (g) Test Example 1 42 Example 1 10 148 Test Example 2 42 Example 2 10 148 Test Example 3 42 Example 3 10 148 Test Example 4 42 Example 4 10 148 Test Example 5 42 Example 5 10 148 Test Example 6 42 Example 6 10 148 Test Example 7 42 Example 7 10 148 Test Example 8 42 Example 8 10 148 Comparative Test Example 1 42 Comparative Example 1 10 148 Comparative Test Example 2 42 Comparative Example 2 10 148 Comparative Test Example 3 42 Comparative Example 3 10 148 Comparative Test Example 4 42 Comparative Example 4 10 148 Comparative Test Example 5 42 Comparative Example 5 10 148 Comparative Test Example 6 42 Blank 0 158 Comparative Test Example 7 42 Comparative Example 6 (dispersant MF) 10 148 Comparative Test Example 8 42 Comparative Example 6 (dispersant 42 116 MF) Performance test (1) Viscosity: measured by NDJ-1B rotational viscometer, Shanghai Changji Geological Instrument Co., Ltd; means that the viscosity is too large to be measured. 5 (2) Particle size: measured by BT-90 laser particle size analyzer, Dandong Bettersize Instrument Co., Ltd; “\” means sedimentation or no fluidity, and the particle size cannot be tested. (3) Storage stability: the dye dispersion was stored at 55°C for 7 days, the condition of the dye dispersion was observed, and the particle size and viscosity were re-tested. (4) Centrifugal sedimentation rate (%): the dye dispersion was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 20 10 min, washed with anhydrous ethanol, and baked at 90°C until its weight was constant, and weighed precisely to obtain the sedimentation weight; sedimentation rate = sedimentation weight 7 (dye content of the dispersion X sampling amount) X 100%; “+” means no fluidity and the sedimentation rate cannot be tested. The specific test results are shown in Table 2: 15 Table 2 Group Viscosity (mpa s) Particle size D50 (nm) Centrifugal sedimentation rate (%) Initial 55°C / 7d Initial 55°C / 7d Test Example 1 106 121 218 222 2.3 Test Example 2 116 123 234 245 1.5 Test Example 3 98 109 189 191 1.3 Test Example 4 109 116 196 207 0.6 Test Example 5 125 132 206 219 1.5 Test Example 6 113 123 227 231 2.2 Test Example 7 472 - 751 \ 55.8 Test Example 8 325 893 463 836 48.5 Comparative Test Example 1 234 408 312 417 25.6 Comparative Test Example 2 - - \ \ + Comparative Test Example 3 1216 - 876 \ 24.3 Comparative Test Example 4 135 387 289 652 15.3 Comparative Test Example 5 - - \ \ + Comparative Test Example 6 - - \ \ + Comparative Test Example 7 356 673 579 899 45.6 Comparative Test Example 8 267 339 295 322 13.5 As can be seen from the data in Table 2, on the premise of using a small amount, the water-soluble dispersant in the present application obtained from compounding the polyether-modified polymer A and amide polymer B has a good dispersing effect on dye dispersion (particle size D50 (initial): 189-234 nm), the dye dispersion can meet the requirements of viscosity (viscosity (initial): 98-125 mpas), low centrifugal sedimentation rate (0.6-2.3%), and good stability (showing small change in viscosity and particle size when stored at 55°C for 7 days), and long storage period, which is better than the commercially available dispersants. As can be seen from the comparison of Test Example 7 and Test Example 1, if the additive amount of the active polyether macromonomer is too small, the viscosity, particle size and centrifugal sedimentation rate of the dye dispersion will increase sharply, and the stability will be poor; and as can be seen from the comparison of Test Example 8 and Test Example 3, if the additive amount of the active polyether macromonomer is too large, the viscosity, particle size and centrifugal sedimentation rate of the dye dispersion will increase significantly. As can be seen from the comparison of Comparative Test Examples 1-5 and Test Example 1, if any one of the raw materials of the polyether-modified polymer A (vinylbenzene monomer, vinylsulfonic monomer, and active polyether macromonomer) is replaced with other components, or if the amide polymer B is replaced with other components, the viscosity, particle size and centrifugal sedimentation rate of the dye dispersion will be increased significantly. The applicant declared that a water-soluble dispersant, a preparation method therefor, and an application thereof in the present application are illustrated by the above examples, but the present application is not limited to the above examples, that is, the present application does not necessarily rely on the above examples to be implemented. Those skilled in the art should understand that any improvement of the present application, the equivalent substitution of each raw material, the addition of auxiliary ingredients, and the selection of specific methods of the 5 product in the present application shall fall within the protection scope and disclosure scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A water-soluble dispersant, comprising a polyether-modified polymer A and an amide polymer B;raw materials for the polyether-modified polymer A comprise a vinylbenzene monomer, a vinyl sulfonic monomer, and an active poly ether macromonomer;the amide polymer B comprises a homopolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and / or a copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone.

2. The water-soluble dispersant according to claim I, wherein the active polyether macromonomer is prepared by the following preparation method:adding polyether amine and allyl succinic anhydride to a reactor, heating, and performing heat preservation until no water is distilled out during the reaction to obtain the active polyether macromonomer.

3. The water-soluble dispersant according to claim 2, wherein the polyether amine is a mono-primary amino polyether which is prepared from self-polymerization of ethylene oxide or copolymerization of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide by using a monohydric alcohol as a initiator and has terminal hydroxyl replaced by amino.

4. The water-soluble dispersant according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the polyether amine has a weight-average molecular mass of 500-2500 g / mol.

5. The water-soluble dispersant according to any one of claims 2-4, wherein the polyether amine comprises any one or a combination of at least two of JEFFAMINE M-2070, JEFFAMINE M-1000, or JEFFAMINE M-600;preferably, a molar ratio of the polyether amine to the allyl succinic anhydride is (0.5-1.5):1, preferably 1:1;preferably, the heating is to heat to 120-160°C;preferably, the heat preservation is performed for a period of 2-6 h;preferably, the active polyether macromonomer is prepared under inert gas protection.

6. The water-soluble dispersant according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the active polyether macromonomer has a structure shown in Formula I below:Formula Iwherein Ri is hydrogen or methyl, R2 is methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl, m is an integer from 10 to 60, and n is an integer from 0 to 15.

7. The water-soluble dispersant according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the vinylsulfonic monomer is obtained by the following preparation method:adding a hydroxylated acrylic monomer and an alkyl sultone to a reactor, mixing, and reacting until a residual amount of the alkyl sultone is less than 0.5% to obtain the vinylsulfonic monomer;preferably, the hydroxylated acrylic monomer comprises any one or a combination of at least two of hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate, hydroxypentyl acrylate, or hydroxypentyl methacrylate;preferably, the alkyl sultone comprises any one or a combination of at least two of 1,3-propane sultone, 1-methyl-1,3-propanesultone, 2-methyl-l,3-propanesultone, 3-methyl-l,3-propane sultone, 1,4-butanesultone, 1 -methyl-1,4-butanesultone, 2-methyl-l,4-butanesultone, 3-methyl-l,4-butanesultone, or 4-methyl- 1,4-butanesultone;preferably, a molar ratio of the hydroxylated acrylic monomer to the alkyl sultone is 1:1.

8. The water-soluble dispersant according to claim 7, wherein a system of the reaction further comprises an acid catalyst;preferably, the acid catalyst comprises any one or a combination of at least two of p-toluenesulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, propionic acid, or hydrochloric acid;preferably, an additive amount of the acid catalyst is 0.5-3% of total parts by weight of the hydroxylated acrylic monomer and the alkyl sultone;preferably, the mixing is performed at a temperature of 60-90°C;preferably, the reaction is performed for a period of 5-20 h;preferably, the vinylsulfonic monomer is prepared under inert gas protection.

9. The water-soluble dispersant according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the vinylbenzene monomer comprises any one or a combination of at least two of styrene, p-methyl styrene, allylbenzene, 3-methyl styrene, 2-methyl styrene, or 2-isopropenyl toluene;preferably, a mass ratio of the vinylbenzene monomer to the vinyl sulfonic monomer to the active polyether macromonomer is (3-10):( 10-20):(20-50);preferably, the raw materials for the polyether-modified polymer A further comprise an initiator.

10. The water-soluble dispersant according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the polyether-modified polymer A has a weight-average molecular mass of 50000-200000 g / mol, preferably 50000-100000 g / mol;preferably, the amide polymer B has a weight-average molecular mass of 2000-100000 g / mol, preferably 10000-50000 g / mol;preferably, the amide polymer B comprises any one or a combination of at least two of PVPK25, PVPK30, PVPK35, or copovidone VA6;preferably, a mass ratio of the polyether-modified polymer A to the amide polymer B is (60-160): (40-70);preferably, the water-soluble dispersant further comprises deionized water and a pH adjuster;preferably, raw materials for the water-soluble dispersant comprises the following components by weight:polyether-modified polymer Aamide polymer B60-160 parts;40-70 parts;deionized waterpH adjuster100-200 parts; andadjusting a pH of the system to 7-10.

11. A preparation method for the water-soluble dispersant according to any one of claims 1-10, which comprises the following steps:(1) adding an active poly ether macromonomer with a formulation amount to a reactor, heating, then adding a vinylbenzene monomer, a vinyl sulfonic monomer, and an optional initiator, and performing a reaction with heat preservation to obtain the polyether-modified polymer A; and(2) cooling the polyether-modified polymer A obtained in step (1), then adding optional deionized water and the amide polymer B, and then adding an optional pH adjuster, and stirring to obtain the water-soluble dispersant.

12. The preparation method according to claim 11, wherein the heating in step (1) is to heat to 100-150°C.

13. The preparation method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the reaction with heat preservation in step (1) is performed at a temperature of 100-150°C, and the reaction with heat preservation is performed for a period of 1-3 h.

14. The preparation method according to any one of claims 11-13, wherein the step (1) and step (2) are both performed under inert gas protection;preferably, the cooling in step (2) is to cool to 50-60°C.

15. An application of the water-soluble dispersant according to any one of claims 1-10 in dye dispersion.INTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT International application No. PCT / CN2023 / 104981A. CLASSIFICATION OF SUBJECT MATTER C09D17 / 00(2006.01)i; C08F290 / 06(2006.01)i; C08F212 / 08(2006.01)i; C08F220 / 38(2006.01)i; C08F212 / 12(2006.01)i; C09B67 / 46(2006.01)i; D06Pl / 16(2006.01)i; D06Pl / 52(2006.01)i According to International Patent Classification (IPC) or to both national classification and I PC B. FIELDS SEARCHED Minimum documentation searched (classification system followed by classification symbols) IPC:C09D,C08F,C09B,D06P Documentation searched other than minimum documentation to the extent that such documents are included in tire fields searched Electronic data base consulted during the international search (name of data base and, where practicable, search terms used) CNTXT, ENTXT. ENTXTC, DWPI, WPABS. WPABSC, CJFD, JPTXT, DUXIU, 41 MffFJ China Journal Network Full-text Database (CJFD): M », 1», W®, MR MW, dispers+, water soluble, dye, pigment, polyether, styrene, vinyl benzene, polyamide, pyrrolidone, polyvinyl pyrrolidone C. DOCUMENTS CONSIDERED TO BE RELEVANT Category* Citation of document, with indication, where appropriate, of the relevant passages Relevant to claim No. X CN 112920414 A (TRENDVISION TECHNOLOGY (ZHUHAI) CO., LTD.) 08 June 2021 (2021-06-08) description, paragraph 0036, and embodiments 5 and 10 1,11-15 A CN 113512201 A (TRENDVISION TECHNOLOGY (ZHUHAI) CO., LTD. et al.) 19 October 2021 (2021-10-19) entire description 1-15 A CN 116023600 A (SHANGHAI YUKING WATER SOLUBLE MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.) 28 April 2023 (2023-04-28) entire description 1-15 A CN 110818845 A (SHANGHAI YUKING WATER SOLUBLE MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.) 21 February 2020 (2020-02-21) entire description 1-15 | | Further documents are listed in the continuation of Box C. | | See patent family annex. * Special categories of cited documents: “A” document defining the general state of the art which is not considered to be of particular relevance “D” document cited by the applicant in the international application “E” earlier application or patent but published on or after the international filing date “L” document which may throw doubts on priority claim(s) or which is cited to establish the publication date of another citation or other special reason (as specified) “O” document referring to an oral disclosure, use, exhibition or other means “P” document published prior to the international filing date but later than the priority date claimed "T" later document published after the international filing date or priority date and not in conflict with the application but cited to understand the principle or theory underlying the invention “X” document of particular relevance; the claimed invention cannot be considered novel or cannot be considered to involve an inventive step when the document is taken alone “Y” document of particular relevance; the claimed invention cannot be considered to involve an inventive step when the document is combined with one or more other such documents, such combination being obvious to a person skilled in the art document member of the same patent family Date of the actual completion of the international search Date of mailing of the international search report 12 December 2023 18 December 2023 Name and mailing address of the ISA / CN Authorized officer China National Intellectual Property Administration (ISA / CN) China No. 6, Xitucheng Road, Jimenqiao, Haidian District, Beijing 100088 Telephone No.