Panel assembly

Abstract

Panel assembly for a temporary road matting system, comprising a panel 302 and a plurality of strengthening inserts 370 located in a panel interior portion. The panel comprises a first material and the strengthening inserts comprise a second different material. First and second end caps 552 respectively attach to and cover first and second lateral sides of the panel, so the strengthening inserts are encased within the interior portion of the panel between top and bottom surfaces of the panel and the first and second end caps. The end caps may be colour-coded according to a strength of the assembly. The strengthening inserts may comprise I-beams. A depth of the interior of the panel may vary alternately between smaller h7 and larger h6 depths over the length of the panel, the inserts being in the larger depth regions. Also claimed is a modular matting panel system comprising first, second and third panels, each having interior portions with vertical support stanchions arranged differently to each other, the third panel having a plurality of removable strengthening inserts, each of the panels having integrated connection mechanisms 316, 318 so each of the panels can be joined to any of the others.

Description

Field The present disclosure relates to a panel assembly for a temporary road matting system, and a road matting system comprising such a panel assembly. Background Temporary road matting systems have been crucial for various industries since World War II, evolving to meet the demands of infrastructure development and maintenance. Road matting systems may comprise a plurality of road matting panels joined together. Temporary road matting systems may be used, for example, to provide a temporary surface for take-off and landing of aircraft. Such an airfield matting system is shown for example in US3538819. In US3538819, locking pins are used to securely attach adjacent mats to each other. Temporary matting surfaces may also be used, for example, at music festivals, rock concerts and the like to provide a stable surface for human and vehicle traffic and to protect the underlying surface on which the matting is laid. For example, a temporary matting surface may be laid on the pitch of a football stadium to provide suitable flooring for a concert or other event in the stadium. It is an aim of the present disclosure to provide a panel and panel assembly that is relatively light and which can be quickly and efficiently transported and laid to form a temporary road matting system, whilst also being able to withstand heavy loads such as loads from heavy vehicles. Summary According to a first aspect there is provided a panel assembly for a temporary road matting system, the panel assembly comprising: a panel having a substantially rectangular shape comprising a top surface for supporting pedestrians and / or vehicles, and a bottom surface for ground contact, the panel further comprising a first end opposite a second end, a first lateral side opposite a second lateral side, the first and second lateral sides extending between the first and second ends, the panel having a length (L) between the first end and the second end in a length direction, a width (W) between the first lateral side and the second lateral side in a width direction, a depth (D) extending between the top surface and the bottom surface in a depth direction, and an interior portion located between the top surface and the bottom surface; the panel assembly comprising a plurality of strengthening inserts located in the interior portion of the panel, wherein the panel comprises a first material and the strengthening inserts comprise a second material, the first material being different from the second material; and a first end cap attached to and covering the first lateral side and a second end cap attached to and covering the second lateral side, so that the strengthening inserts are encased within the interior portion of the panel between the top and bottom surfaces of the panel and the first and second end caps. According to some examples, the panel is of unitary construction. According to some examples, the first material comprises a plastic material. According to some examples, the plastic material comprises an extruded plastic polymer, preferably polypropylene. According to some examples, the second material comprises a metal, preferably aluminium. According to some examples, the second material comprises nylon or carbon fibre. According to some examples, the first and second end caps are colour-coded according to a strength of the panel assembly. According to some examples, at least one of the strengthening inserts comprises an I-beam. According to some examples, a depth of the interior portion of the panel varies over the length (L) of the panel. According to some examples, the depth of the interior of the panel varies in an alternating manner between regions of relatively smaller depth and regions of relatively larger depth. According to some examples, the regions of relatively smaller depth are positioned between opposing recesses formed on the top and bottom surfaces of the panel. According to some examples, each strengthening insert is located in a corresponding region of relatively larger depth. According to some examples, the regions of relatively smaller depth are free from strengthening inserts. According to some examples, the panel assembly comprises a plurality of stubs which extend partially across the interior of the panel in a direction between the top surface and the bottom surface, the stubs configured to provide a location feature for a respective strengthening insert. According to some examples, the panel assembly comprises four stubs per strengthening insert, each of the four stubs located at a corner of a respective strengthening insert. According to some examples, the panel comprises a connection mechanism integrated with the panel for securely adjoining the panel with a respective other such panel without needing external fasteners, the connection mechanism comprising a first connection profile on the first end and a second connection profile on the second end. According to some examples, the first connection profile is different from the second connection profile. According to some examples, the first connection profile comprises a first projection and a second projection, wherein the first projection is located above the second projection in the depth direction of the panel. According to some examples, the first projection is generally T-shaped in side-view of the panel with a web extending outwardly in the length direction, and a flange extending in the depth direction perpendicular to the web, and the second projection is generally T-shaped in side-view of the panel, with a flange of the second projection extending outwardly in the length direction, and a web of the second projection extending in the depth direction perpendicular to the flange of the second projection. According to some examples, the second connection profile comprises a C-shaped outer profile and a C-shaped inner profile in side-view of the panel, the outer and inner profiles extending outwardly from the panel in the length direction, the inner profile located within the outer profile. According to some examples, the outer profile comprises an upper, hooked portion and an outwardly projecting lower portion. According to some examples, the interior portion of the panel comprises a void that extends between the first and second ends of the panel. According to some examples, the panel assembly is capable of withstanding a 12.5 tonne axle load. According to a second aspect there is provided a road matting system comprising a plurality of panel assemblies according to the first aspect, arranged together. According to a third aspect there is provided a modular matting panel system for a temporary road matting system comprising a combination of a plurality of types of panel, wherein a first type of panel of the plurality of types of panel has a same outer profile in side-view as an outer profile of a second type of panel of the plurality of types of panel, and an interior portion of the first type of panel has a different arrangement of vertical support stanchions to the second type of panel, wherein there are more support stanchions in the second type of panel compared to the first type of panel; and a third type of panel which has a same outer profile in side-view as the outer profile of the first and second types of panel, and an interior portion of the third type of panel has a different arrangement of vertical support stanchions to the first and second types of panel, and wherein the third type of panel is provided with a plurality of removable strengthening inserts in the interior portion of the third type of panel; and each of the first, second and third types of panel comprising a same type of connection mechanism integrated with the panel, so that any of the first, second or third types of panel can be securely adjoined to another of any of the first, second or third types of panel for securely adjoining the panel without needing external fasteners, the connection mechanism comprising a first connection profile on a first end and a second connection profile on a second end of each of the first, second and third types of panel. According to a fourth aspect there is provided a panel assembly for a temporary road matting system, the panel assembly comprising: a panel having a substantially rectangular shape comprising a top surface for supporting pedestrians and / or vehicles, and a bottom surface for ground contact, the panel further comprising a first end opposite a second end, a first lateral side opposite a second lateral side, the first and second lateral sides extending between the first and second ends, the panel having a length (L) between the first end and the second end in a length direction, a width (W) between the first lateral side and the second lateral side in a width direction, a depth (D) extending between the top surface and the bottom surface in a depth direction, and an interior portion located between the top surface and the bottom surface; and wherein the panel comprises a connection mechanism integrated with the panel for securely adjoining the panel with a respective other such panel without needing external fasteners, the connection mechanism comprising a first connection profile on the first end and a second connection profile on the second end. According to a fifth aspect there is provided a temporary road matting system for facilitating access for heavy-duty vehicles, the system comprises: a modular matting panel, each panel having a substantially rectangular shape and including: a top surface configured for vehicle traffic; a bottom surface configured for ground contact; a connection mechanism is integrated within the panels, allowing for secure interlocking of adjacent panels in a brick weave configuration without needing external fasteners or locking devices. In some examples, additional loading beams of different materials, such as plastic, aluminium, or steel, can be inserted into the cavities of the main panel and trapped by a removable end cap. This gives the panel additional loading strength in heavy applications; these can be colour-coded to indicate the strength of support. According to some examples, the modular matting panels are uniquely constructed from a material selected from either aluminium or composite plastic. Panels can be connected in any format: plastic to plastic, aluminium to aluminium, or aluminium to plastic. According to some examples the modular matting panels include side end caps and further comprises a reinforcement member configured for insertion into a panel by removing the side end caps, the reinforcement member selected from the material consisting of steel or aluminium I-beams. According to some examples the connection mechanism comprises a series of protrusions and corresponding recesses (brick-weave) formed along opposing edges of the modular matting panels, the protrusions and recesses configured to interlock substantially preventing separation of adjacent panels. In essence, every panel is connected to every other panel around it. Brief description of drawings Figure lisa schematic, perspective view of a panel assembly for a temporary road matting system according to an example; Figure 2 is a schematic, perspective view of a temporary road matting system according to an example; Figure 3 is a side view of a panel assembly according to an example; Figure 4 is a side view of a panel assembly according to an example; Figure 5 is a side view of a panel assembly according to an example; Figure 6 is a side view schematically showing a process of joining two panels to each other; Figure 7 is an enlarged perspective view showing two panels joined together; Figure 8 shows in plan view a panel with end-caps inserted along its sides; Figure 9 schematically shows an I-beam strengthening insert; Figure 10 schematically shows a temporary road matting system in plan-view that has been laid in a brick-weave formation; Figures 11A is a perspective view of a panel according to an example; Figure 1 IB is a view of a first end of the panel of Figure 11 A; Figure 1 IC is a side view of the panel of Figure 11 A; Figure 1 ID is another perspective view, showing the underside of the panel of Figure HA; Figure 1 IE shows a top surface of the panel of Figure 11A in plan view; Figure 1 IF is a view of a second end of the panel of Figure 11 A; Figure 11G shows a bottom surface of the panel of Figure 11A in plan view; Figure 12A is a top view of a side-cap according to an example; Figure 12B is a view of a front-face of the side-cap of Figure 12A; Figure 12C is a bottom view of the side-cap of Figure 12A; Figure 12D is a perspective view of the front face of the side-cap of Figure 12A Figure 12E is an end view of the side-cap of Figure 12A; Figure 12F is a view of a rear-face of the side-cap of Figure 12A; Figure 12G is a perspective view of the rear-face of the side-cap of Figure 12A. Detailed description Some examples will now be described in more detail with respect to the Figures. Figure 1 schematically shows a perspective view of a mat or panel 102 for a temporary road matting system. Figure 2 schematically shows three such panels joined end-to-end as part of a temporary road-matting system. Of course, Figure 2 is schematic in nature and in practice many more (tens, hundreds, thousands) of panels can be joined together end-to-end and / or side by side to produce a road matting system that is suitable for pedestrians and / or vehicle traffic to move over whilst protecting the underlying ground. In some examples, multiple panels can be joined together in a brick-weave configuration (see Figure 10). Accordingly, as shown schematically in Figure 1 there is provided a matting panel 102 for a temporary road matting system 200. The panel 102 comprises a substantially rectangular shape comprising a top surface 120 for supporting pedestrians or vehicles, and a bottom surface 122 for ground contact. The panel 102 further comprises a first lateral side 104 opposite a second lateral side 106, and a first end 108 opposite a second end 110. The panel 102 has a width W which extends in a width direction between the first lateral side 104 and the second lateral side 106. The panel 102 has a length L which extends in a length direction between the first end 108 and the second end 110. The panel 102 has a depth D which extends in a depth direction between the top surface 120 and the bottom surface 122. In some examples, the panel 102 is of unitary construction. For example, as explained in more detail below, panel 102 may be formed by extrusion. An x-y-z coordinate system is schematically shown in Figure 1 (and certain other Figures). In the x-y-z coordinate system shown an x-y plane is parallel or substantially parallel to a plane of the top surface 120 and a plane of the bottom surface 122, and a z-axis is orthogonal to the x-y plane. It may also be considered that the width W extends in the x-direction, the length L extends in the y-direction, and the depth D extends in the z-direction, with respect to the Figures. Where a plane of the top and bottom surfaces is discussed, this doesn’t necessarily mean that that those surfaces are flat or smooth. For example those surfaces may comprise one or more grip features such as recesses, raised portions, chequer-plate etc, whilst still being generally planar in an overall sense (e.g. a plane may be formed between any extremities of the profile of the top or bottom surface). In other examples the top and / or bottom surfaces 120, 122 may be flat and / or smooth. The panel 102 comprises a connection mechanism schematically shown at 114. The connection mechanism 114 is integrated with the panel and is for adjoining the panel 102 with a respective other such panel, as shown schematically for example in Figure 2. In examples the connection mechanism enables an end of one panel 102 to be securely joined with an end of another panel, without needing external fasteners. For example, external fasteners such as locking pins, turnkeys, screws, pins, nuts and bolts etc are not required for the secure j oining of the panels to each other. By secure is meant that the panels, by virtue of the connection mechanism 114, will remain joined together in normal and intended use (e g. when acting as a temporary road matting system, supporting human and / or vehicle traffic), without inadvertent separation. In some examples the connection mechanism 114 comprises a first connection profile 116 on the first end 108 of the panel 102, and a second connection profile 118 on the second end 110 of the panel 102 (see Figure 3, for example). In examples, the first and second connection profiles 116, 118 form part of the unitary construction of the panel 102. In some examples, different versions of panel 102 may be provided. For example, different versions may be provided dependent upon site requirements, such as weight loading requirements. Figures 3 to 5 respectively and schematically show three different versions of a panel 102, 202, 302. The panel 102 of Figure 3 may be considered a relatively “light” or light-duty version. This version may be suitable for pedestrian access, static loads, and light vehicles (golf carts, small cars etc.) The panel 202 of Figure 4 may be considered a “heavy-duty” version, suitable for a 12.5 tonne axle limit which can accommodate legal road vehicles up to cranes and HGVs. The panel 302 of Figure 4 may be considered a “very heavy-duty” version, offering the highest load bearing capacity. Whilst there are differences between each of the versions 102, 202 and 302 shown in Figures 3 to 5 respectively, it will also be understood that there are features in common between the three versions, and detailed explanation of common features is not necessarily repeated, for the sake of conciseness. Nevertheless, for ease of explanation, each of the versions of Figures 3 to 5 will now be discussed in-turn. Figure 3 is a side-view of a panel 102, for example looking at side 104 (although the view from side 106 may be the same). The panel 102 comprises an interior portion 190 located or sandwiched between the top surface 120 and the bottom surface 122. In examples, the first connection profile 116 at the first end 108 has a different profile to the second connection profile 118 at the second end 110. In an example, the first connection profile 116 comprises a first projection 124 and a second projection 126. In an example, the first projection 124 is located above the second projection 126, in the depth direction. The first projection 124 is generally T-shaped, for example when the panel is viewed side-on in the x-direction, as per Fig. 3. A web 128 of the “T” extends outwardly in the length or y-direction, and a flange 130 of the “T” extends in the depth or z-direction, perpendicular to the web 128. The second projection is generally T-shaped, with a flange 134 of the “T” extending outwardly in the length or y-direction, and a web 132 of the “T” extending in the depth or z direction, perpendicular to the flange 134. As shown in Figure 3, a longitudinal axis of flange 130 is aligned with a longitudinal axis of web 132. There is also an air-gap 136 between flange 130 and web 132. In some examples this air gap 136 is 5mm or about 5mm. In an example, the second connection profile 118 may be considered to comprise an outer profile 138 and an inner profile 140. When the panel is viewed side-on, as per Figure 3, the outer profile 138 may be considered generally C-shaped and the inner profile 140 may be considered generally C-shaped. The outer profile 138 extends outwardly from the end 110 in the length or y-direction, and the inner profile 140 also projects outwardly from the end 110 in the length or y direction. The inner profile 140 is contained or located within the outer profile 138. In examples, the outer profile 138 comprises an upper, hooked portion 142. In examples, the outer profile 138 comprises an outwardly projecting lower portion 144. In some examples the lower portion 144 is chamfered. The inner profile 140 comprises a first leg 146 that is downwardly extending and a second leg 148 that is upwardly extending. There is an air gap 150 between the ends of the first and second legs 146, 148. In some examples the air gap 150 is 5mm or about 5mm. It has been found by the applicant that the arrangement of the profiles 116 and 118 is especially advantageous for joining adjacent panels to each other in a quick and efficient fashion. Once joined together, the arrangement provides a secure joining arrangement that does not require additional and / or external fasteners (such as locking pins, turnkeys, screws, pins, nuts and bolts etc.) in order for adjacent panels to be held together securely. Despite the secure arrangement, the profiles 116 and 118 makes it easy for panels to be quickly separated from each other after installation. Figure 6 schematically shows a first panel 102 being joined to a second panel 102’. In this example the first panel 102 has already been laid on the ground. Second panel 102’ can then be lifted and moved towards first panel 102 at an angle (for example by two human operators, one on each side of the panel), so that projection 124’ of second panel 102’ engages or is placed under hooked portion 142 of first panel 102, and second panel 102’ is then moved downwardly in the z-direction so that projection 124’ rotates about hook portion until bottom surface 122’ of second panel 102’ also engages the ground. In some examples, the recommended angle-of-attack of the second panel 102’ towards the first panel 102 is 45 degrees or about 45 degrees, before being rotated downwardly to make the secure connection. Figure 7 is an enlarged view schematically showing panel 102 joined to panel 102’. In particular, in Figure 7 the secure engagement between connection portion 118 of panel 102 and connection portion 116’ of panel 102’ can be seen. More particularly, it can be seen how engagement between hooked portion 142 and projection 124’, and engagement between lower portion 144 and projection 126’ prevent upward movement of panels 102 and 102’ relative to each other (i.e. movement in the depth or z-direction is prevented or severely limited) once the panels, or a series of panels, are engaged with each other. It can also be seen that projection 124’ abuts and engages leg 146, as well as an underside of top surface 120 of panel 102’. Projection 126’ abuts and engages leg 148, as well as an upper surface 145 of lower portion 144. This frictional engagement prevents or at least severely limits lateral movement (i.e. movement in the width or x-direction) between adjacent panels 102 and 102’. It may therefore be considered that frictional engagement between inner profile 140’ of first panel 102 and projections 124’ and 126’ of second panel 102’ may prevent or limit movement in the width direction between adjacent panels (as well as limiting movement in the length and depth directions), without requiring external fasteners or without requiring any additional alignment feature. Or it may be considered that frictional engagement between a connection portion 116 of a first panel and a connection portion 118 of a second panel (or vice versa) may prevent or limit movement in the width direction between adjacent panels (as well as limiting movement in the length and depth directions), without requiring external fasteners or without requiring any additional alignment feature that is not part of the unitary construction of the panels. In some examples, a brick-weave laying formation may also help prevent relative lateral movement between adjacent panels. Overall, it can be appreciated how two separate panels 102 and 102’, each panel of unitary construction, can be securely joined together without the need for external fasteners. The secure joining may prevent movement between panels in all of the length, width and depth directions. For example, no locking pins or turn keys or nuts, bolts or screws are required. Also, no additional or physical alignment features are required to align panels relative to each other. Separation of the panels may be achieved by reversing the joining operation. In some examples, end caps (which can also be referred to as side caps) can be provided for closing off otherwise exposed sides of a panel. For example, Figure 8 is a partial plan view of a panel 102, with an end-cap 152 installed on side 104 and end cap 153 installed on side 106. In at least some examples, end caps 152 and 153 are a friction or push-fit in panel 102. In at least some examples, the end-caps 152 and 153 can be rivetted and / or bonded to a corresponding panel 102, for example through corresponding holes provided in the ends caps and panel. See for example Figures 11A and 12A, and holes 503 and 553. For examples, rivets may pass through holes 503 and 553. Similarly, end-caps can be provided for closing off an otherwise exposed end of a panel. For example, Figure 2 schematically shows an end cap 154 installed at the end of panel system 200. In at least some examples, end cap 154 may be sloped or ramped to make vehicular access easier as well as to remove a potential trip hazard. In at least some examples, the end cap 154 can be rivetted and bonded to a corresponding panel 102. In some examples, end-caps 152 and 153 are fitted and riveted and bonded to a respective panel 102 at a factory or other location producing the panel assemblies 102 before being sent to site, so that each panel arrives on-site as a complete unit (e.g. panel plus strengthening inserts plus end caps) ready to be laid. Therefore, other than for repair, the end caps do not need to be installed to panels or removed from panels on site. For the Figure 5 version with strengthening inserts, the strengthening inserts 370 may also be inserted into panels at the factory, and then end caps 152, 153 fitted to the panel assembly, so that the strengthening inserts 370 are encased in the panel assembly 302, between the top and bottom surfaces 320, 322 and end-caps 152, 153. The panels 302 can then be delivered on site in a complete form. Thus, the strengthening inserts 370 may not be visible from the outside of a panel 302. This may be particularly useful where the inserts are made of a high value material such as aluminium, or carbon fibre, as this may reduce the chance of theft of the panel and / or the strengthening inserts. Albeit in some examples a panel assembly is intended to remain as an assembled item (panel, strengthening inserts, end caps) for the duration of its working life, in some examples the end caps and strengthening inserts can be removed from the body of the panel, for example for repair or to re-deploy a very heavy duty panel as a lower duty panel. In some examples the end caps 152, 153 are colour-coded based on strength of a respective panel. This gives a visual indicator to a person laying the matting panel system of the strength of a panel. This can be particularly useful where multiple panel types are being laid within a matting system. In some examples, on top surface 120 the panel 102 comprises a series or array of relief features, for example in the form of one or more recesses 160. The recesses may extend in the width-wise direction across the panel 102. The recesses 160 may provide a grip feature for providing grip to traffic moving across top surface 120. Additionally or alternatively the recesses 160 may assist with water drainage. On bottom surface 122, the panel 102 comprises a series or array of relief features, for example in the form of one or more recesses 162. The recesses may extend in the width-wise direction across the panel 102. The recesses 162 may provide a grip feature for helping the panel 102 grip to the ground. Additionally or alternatively the recesses 162 may assist with water drainage and / or air flow, which can be particularly useful especially when the panels are laid on a grass surface. Between first end 108 and second end 110 there are a plurality of hollow voids or cavities shown schematically at 164. Each void is sandwiched between the top surface 120 and the bottom surface 122 of the panel 102. Each void 164 extends across the width of the panel 102. In some examples, each void 164 extends from first side 104 of the panel to the second side 106 of the panel 102. Adjacent voids are separated by a vertically extending stanchion, post or pillar shown schematically at 169. In some examples, each stanchion 169 extends from the first side 104 of the panel to second side 106 of the panel 102 In some examples, each of the voids has the same outer profile. For example, when viewed side-on, each void has a generally H-profile. In some examples, a distance dl between adjacent stanchions is 40mm or about 40mm, in the length dimension or y-direction of the panel. A maximum height hl of each void is 40 mm or about 40mm, and a height h2 of each void in the region of recess 160 is 35mm or about 35mm. Thus it can be appreciated that in examples a depth of the interior portion of the panel varies over the length (L) of the panel. In some examples the depth of the interior of the panel varies in an alternating manner between regions of relatively smaller depth and regions of relatively larger depth. Panel 202 of Figure 4 will now be described in more detail. Features in common with the version of Figures 1 to 3 are provided with like reference numerals but in 200 series. It is to be noted that the connection profiles 216 and 218 may share all the same features as connection profiles 116 and 118, but for conciseness detailed explanation thereof is not repeated. In the example of Figure 4, in comparison with Figure 3, the configuration of the voids 264 is different. Similarly to Figure 3, each void 264 is located or sandwiched between the top surface 220 and the bottom surface 222 of the panel 202. Each void 264 extends across the width of the panel 202. In some examples, each void 264 extends from first side 204 of the panel to the second side 206 of the panel 202. In some examples, the panel 202 comprises a series of voids whose profile changes in an alternating fashion between voids of a first type 263 and voids of a second type 265. In some examples, a width or dimension d3 of the first void type 263 is greater than a width or dimension d4 of the second void type 265, in the length dimension or y-direction of the panel. In some examples, d3 is 21 mm or about 21mm, and d4 is 14mm or about 14mm. In some examples, a height h3 of the first void type 263 is greater than a height h4 of the second void type 265, in the depth dimension or y-direction of the panel. In some examples h3 is 40mm or about 40mm. In some examples, h4 is 32mm or about 32mm. Therefore, in some examples it may be considered that the voids of the first type 263 have a greater cross-sectional area than the voids of the second type 265, in a plane perpendicular to the length (L) direction of the panel 202 (or in other words in the y-z plane). In some examples the first voids 263 have a rectangular profile when viewed side on (i.e. viewing Figure 4). In some examples the second voids 265 have a rectangular profile when viewed side on (i.e. viewing Figure 4). In some examples both the first and second void types 263, 265 have a rectangular profile when viewed side on (i.e. viewing Figure 4). It has been found that this alternating configuration of voids 263, 265 provides excellent compressive strength in the depth direction, and provides excellent strength per weight of panel 202. In some examples, the plurality of alternating voids 263, 265 are sandwiched between a first end void 261 and a second end void 267. In some examples, each of end voids 261, 267 may have a different profile to the voids 263, 265. In the embodiment of Figure 4, each of the plurality of voids 264 is separated by a vertically extending stanchion or pillar 269. Although Figures 3 and 4 are not necessarily drawn to scale, it can be understood that over a given length (L) of panel there are more stanchions 269 in the embodiment of Figure 4 than there are stanchions 169 in the embodiment of Figure 3. For example, the Figure 3 version comprises four stanchions 169 and the Figure 4 version comprises eight stanchions 269. Panel 302 of Figure 5 will now be described in more detail. Features in common with the version of Figures 1 to 3 are provided with like reference numerals but in 300 series. It is to be noted that the connection profiles 316 and 318 may share all the same features as connection profiles 316 and 318, but for conciseness detailed explanation thereof is not repeated. In the example of Figure 5, the panel 302 comprises a plurality of strengthening inserts 370. In some examples, the strengthening inserts 370 may be considered a separate item from the panel 302. It may also be considered that the strengthening inserts are insertable (e.g. during an assembly process), into a respective panel 302. Although not necessarily required, in some examples the strengthening inserts may also be removable from a respective panel. In examples, each strengthening insert 370 extends across the width W of the panel 302 between first side 304 and second side 306. For example, each strengthening insert may have a length along its longitudinal direction of 2.8m or about 2.8m. In some examples, one or more of the inserts 370 is in the form of an I-beam, having a web 372 and flanges 374 and 376 (see Figure 9). In some examples a wall thickness Wt of the I-beam is 5mm or about 5mm. In some examples a breadth b of the first and second webs 374 and 376 is 20mm or about 20mm. In some examples a height h5 of the I-beam is 40mm or about 40mm. Together, the panel 302 and the plurality of strengthening inserts 370 may be considered to comprise a panel assembly 380. In some examples the panel 302 has a maximum or largest internal height h6, and a minimum or lowest internal height h7. In some examples h6 is 40mm or about 40mm, and h7 is 32mm or about 32mm. In some examples, the region of lowest internal height h7 is between top recess 360 and bottom recess 362. In some examples, the strengthening inserts occupy the regions of largest internal height h6. Therefore it may be considered that, when viewed side-on (e.g. as per Figure 5) the interior of panel 302 comprises an alternation between a region where a strengthening insert is in place and a region where a strengthening insert is not in place. This alternating pattern may be repeated. More particularly it may be considered that there is an alternation between relatively deeper portions (in the depth or z-directions) of the panel 302 where a strengthening insert is in place (or configured to be placed), and relatively shallower portions 373 (in the depth or z directions) of the panel 302 where a strengthening insert is not in place. This arrangement has been found to provide excellent compressive strength whilst still leaving some areas free from strengthening inserts, providing an excellent compromise between strength and overall weight. In some examples, the panel 302 does not have stanchions that span the depth of the panel 302 (compare with the versions of Figure 2 and Figure 3). Rather, shorter stubs or projections 375 may be provided that each span only partially across the depth of the panel 302. Thus there may generally be considered to be a void or cavity area that extends unbroken from first end 308 to second end 310. In some examples, each stub 375 extends across the width W of the panel, between the first side 304 and second side 306. In some examples, the stubs 375 are located to be proximal to each corner 376, 377, 378 and 379 (see Figure 9) of each strengthening insert 370 when located in the panel 302. The stubs 375 may act as guides when inserting the strengthening inserts 370 into the panel 302, and may also help to keep the strengthening insert 372 in position during use. In some examples, the stubs 375 can be omitted and instead the constricted areas or “throat” portions between the recesses 360 and 362 can provide the location feature for the strengthening inserts 370. If desired for a particular need, strengthening inserts 370 can also be provided in the embodiments of Figures 3 and 4. It will be noted that, in some examples, the outer profile of the panel 202 when viewed side on and excluding the stanchions 269, may have the same outer profile as the panel 102 when viewed side on and excluding the stanchions 169. Likewise, the outer profile of the panel 302 when viewed side on and excluding the stubs 375 may have the same outer profile as the panel 102 when viewed side on and excluding the stanchions 169. Thus each of the embodiments of Figures 3 to 5 may have a same outer profile or perimeter or silhouette when viewed side on, but a different internal structure in the interior portion 190, 290, 390. In some embodiments, the panels 102, 202 and 302 are formed from an extrusion process. In some examples, a same basic structure or shape of extrusion die may be used to make the outer profile of each of the panels 102, 202, 302. Insertable and removable or movable extrusion-die elements or “blockers” may be positioned within the extrusion die to form the different internal profiles of the stanchion and stubs of the interior portions 190, 290, 390 of the respective different embodiments. It will thus be appreciated that in some examples the different embodiments of Figures 3 to 5 may be considered modular. In some examples a matting panel system may comprise a mixture of panels of the embodiments of Figures 3 to 5, arranged in a modular fashion. For example, certain areas of a matting system may have a very high load requirement (for example for supporting a large crane), other areas may have a medium load requirement (for example for supporting heavy vehicles), and some areas may have a low load requirement (for example to support people or light vehicles). Within the modular matting system, different panel types can be arranged as required within the system, and since the exterior of the panels may look the same regardless of the type of panel a consistent look and feel can be provided. Thus in some examples it may be considered that there is provided a modular kit of panels for forming a temporary matting system, comprising at least two panels that is any mixture of: a panel of the type shown in the embodiment of Figure 3; a panel of the type shown in the embodiment of Figure 4; and a panel of the type shown in the embodiment of Figure 5. The kit may also comprise one or more strengthening inserts for insertion into the at least one panel of the type shown in the embodiment of Figure 5. It may also be considered that there is provided, according to the present disclosure, a modular matting panel system comprising a plurality of types of panel, wherein a first type of panel of the plurality of types of panel has a same outer profile in side-view as an outer profile of a second type of panel of the plurality of types of panel, and an interior portion of the first type of panel has a different arrangement of vertical support stanchions to the second type of panel. There may also be provided, in the modular matting panel system, a third type of panel which has a same outer profile in side-view as the outer profile of the first and second types of panel, and an interior portion of the third type of panel has a different arrangement of vertical support stanchions to the first and second types of panel. In the third type of panel, the different arrangement of stanchions may comprise an absence of support stanchions. In the third type of panel, stubs or projections may be provided instead of support stanchions. The third type of panel may be provided with strengthening inserts, which may be in the form of I-beams in some examples. In some examples, each panel comprises a plastic material. For example, each panel 102, 202, 302 may comprise polypropylene (PP). Or, for example, each panel 102, 202, 302 may comprise polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Alternatively, each panel may comprise a metal material. For example, each panel 102, 202, may comprises aluminium. Or, for example, each panel 102, 202, 302 may comprise steel. In some examples, each panel may comprise a composite material. In some examples, the panel 102 is of unitary construction. In some examples, the panel 202 is of unitary construction. In some examples the panel 302, excluding the strengthening inserts 370, is of unitary construction. In some examples, the strengthening inserts 370 comprise a metal such as aluminium or steel. In some examples the strengthening inserts 370 comprise carbon fibre. In some examples the strengthening inserts 370 comprise nylon. In some examples the strengthening inserts 370 may comprise a plastic such as PP or PET. In some examples, when the strengthening inserts are not inserted in panel 302, the panel 302 is relatively compressible, and in some examples could even be rolled up. This makes the panel 302 easy to transport. In some examples, and as shown in Figure 3 by way of example, the panel 302 may have an overall height Ho or depth of 50mm or about 50mm. The panel 302 may have a wall thickness Wp of 5mm or about 5mm. The overall height Ho and wall thickness Wp of the panel 302 may also apply to the panels 102 and 202. With reference back to Figure 1, the panel 102 may have a width W of 2.8m and a length L of 0.5m. In other cases, the panel 102 may have a width of 1.4m and a length L of 0.5m. In both cases the depth D may be 50mm. These dimensions may also apply to the panels 202 and 302. In some embodiments of a temporary matting system according to the present disclosure, there may be provided a mixture of panel widths. For example, some may be “full width” (e.g. 2.8m), and some may be “half width” (e.g. 1.4m). Along a length of a lateral edge of a temporary matting system, full width and half width panels may be alternated so that the resulting system resembles a brick weave formation in plan view. This is shown schematically in Figure 10, which schematically shows a plan view of a temporary matting system that has been laid in brick-weave formation. Some additional views of an exemplary panel 502 are provided in Figures 11A to 11G. In these examples the panel 502 is of the type shown in side view in Figure 4. Also visible in these Figures are holes 503 (visible in Figs 11 A, 1 ID, 1 IE and 11G, but for clarity of view only referenced in Figure 11 A). In some examples, each panel comprises four holes on its top surface (one in each comer) and four holes in its bottom surface (one in each comer). Some additional views of an exemplary end cap or side cap 552 are shown in Figures 12A to 12B. End cap 552 may be arranged to fit into first and / or second lateral sides of any of panels 102, 202, 302, 502. The end cap 552 comprises holes 553. When attached to a corresponding panel, holes 553 may align with holes of the panel. For example, when an end cap 552 is inserted in to panel 502, holes 553 of the end cap may align with holes 503 of the panel 502. As mentioned previously, the end caps or side caps may be a friction or push fit in a respective panel. However, in some examples a fastener (such as a screw, or nut and bolt, or push fit fastener) may be pushed through aligned holes 503 and 553 to fully secure an end cap or side cap to a respective panel. As previously mentioned, by virtue of the above-described connection mechanism 114, panels 102 can be securely joined end to end in series without the need for external fasteners. It will be noted that in the described examples there are no specific connecting portions or locking elements (such as cam locks or nuts and bolts) for side to side (width-wise or x-direction) secure joining between panels. For example, there are no specific connecting portions on either of sides 104 or 106. It has been found that by virtue of the connection mechanism 114 (comprising connecting portions 116 and 118) which helps prevents lateral movement of panels joined end-to-end, that within an overall matting system which may comprise multiple rows and columns of panels, there is only a minimal or negligible lateral movement of adjacent panels within a system of panels, especially if they have been laid in a brick-weave formation. Owing at least in part to this, it has been identified in the present disclosure that there is no need for additional connecting portions on the lateral sides of the panels and they can be simply butted next to each other. This also makes laying a panel system quicker. However, if there was some specific need for an additional secure arrangement to prevent lateral movement of adjacent panels, then the holes 503 could be used. For example, a fastener could be used that connects a hole 503 on one panel to another hole 503 on a laterally adjacent panel. In terms of relative weights of the panel arrangements, typical weights may be as follows for each of the embodiments of Figure 3 (light duty), Figure 4 (heavy duty), Figure 5 (very heavy duty). This assumes that the unitary panel 102, 202, 302 has a width dimension of 2.8m and a length direction of 0.5m (i.e. a cross-sectional area of 1.4m2), and is formed of extruded plastic. For the Figure 5 version it assumes that the strengthening inserts are formed of aluminium. Light duty, Figure 3 version: 20kg or about 20kg. Heavy duty, Figure 4 version: 32kg or about 32kg. Very heavy duty, Figure 5 version, 40kg or about 40kg, or less. In some examples, half-panel versions are also available having a width of 1.4m and a length of 0.5m (i.e. a cross-sectional area of 0.7m2). For the half-panel versions, weights are half of those of the corresponding full-panel version. According to some examples it may be considered that there is provided a temporary road matting system for facilitating access for heavy-duty vehicles, the system comprises: o A modular matting panel, each panel having a substantially rectangular shape and including: k A top surface configured for vehicle traffic; s A bottom surface configured for ground contact; A connection mechanism is integrated within the panels, allowing for secure interlocking of adjacent panels in a brick weave configuration without needing external fasteners or locking devices. s Additional loading beams of different materials, such as Plastic, Aluminium, or steel, can be inserted into the cavities of the main Panel and trapped by a removable end cap. This gives the panel additional loading strength in Heavy applications; these can be colour-coded to indicate the strength of support. The modular matting panels are uniquely constructed from a material selected from either aluminium or composite plastic. Panels can be connected in any format: plastic to plastic, aluminium to aluminium, or aluminium to plastic. The modular matting panels include side end caps and further comprise a reinforcement member configured for insertion into a panel by removing the side end caps, the reinforcement member selected from the material consisting of steel or aluminium I-beams. The connection mechanism comprises a series of protrusions and corresponding recesses (Brickweave) formed along opposing edges of the modular matting panels, the protrusions and recesses configured to interlock substantially preventing separation of adjacent panels. In essence, every panel is connected to every other panel around it. It will be appreciated that the present disclosure represents a significant advancement within the heavy-duty category of matting systems, providing enhanced functionality and versatility. One of the features of the present disclosure is its unique connection system, which differs from conventional matting systems. The system employs a novel method where each plank seamlessly connects to adjacent panels, forming a robust pad system without locking nuts, turnkeys, cam locks, or pins. This innovative connection mechanism simplifies installation and ensures a secure and stable platform for heavy vehicles. Moreover, the present disclosure offers versatility in panel design, allowing for construction from either aluminium or composite plastic materials. This flexibility enables users to choose the most suitable material for their specific application, whether for durability, weight considerations, or environmental factors. By offering both metal and composite options within a single-panel design, the present disclosure sets itself apart from existing matting systems, providing users with unparalleled adaptability. Moreover, there is provided by the present disclosure a technological advance over prior existing systems by adding to the capability of a panel reinforcement option through I-beam inserts. A hybrid or composite panel comprising a combination of metal and plastic in the same panel may also be provided, in some examples. The system of the present disclosure is poised to revolutionise temporary road matting for heavy-duty applications, offering a combination of strength, stability, and versatility that is unmatched in the industry. This patent application seeks to protect the unique features and functionalities of the disclosed matting system, ensuring its continued innovation and advancement within the field of temporary road matting. It will be understood that the foregoing description is exemplary in nature and is not intended to be limiting. Various modifications may be made which still fall within the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A panel assembly for a temporary road matting system, the panel assembly comprising: a panel having a substantially rectangular shape comprising a top surface for supporting pedestrians and / or vehicles, and a bottom surface for ground contact, the panel further comprising a first end opposite a second end, a first lateral side opposite a second lateral side, the first and second lateral sides extending between the first and second ends, the panel having a length (L) between the first end and the second end in a length direction, a width (W) between the first lateral side and the second lateral side in a width direction, a depth (D) extending between the top surface and the bottom surface in a depth direction, and an interior portion located between the top surface and the bottom surface;the panel assembly comprising a plurality of strengthening inserts located in the interior portion of the panel, wherein the panel comprises a first material and the strengthening inserts comprise a second material, the first material being different from the second material; anda first end cap attached to and covering the first lateral side and a second end cap attached to and covering the second lateral side, so that the strengthening inserts are encased within the interior portion of the panel between the top and bottom surfaces of the panel and the first and second end caps.

2. The panel assembly according to claim 1, wherein the panel is of unitary construction.

3. The panel assembly according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the first materialcomprises a plastic material.

4. The panel assembly according to claim 2, wherein the plastic material comprises an extruded plastic polymer, preferably polypropylene.

5. The panel assembly according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second material comprises a metal, preferably aluminium.

6. The panel assembly according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second material comprises nylon or carbon fibre.

7. The panel assembly according to any preceding claim, wherein the first and second end caps are colour-coded according to a strength of the panel assembly.

8. The panel assembly according to any preceding claim, wherein at least one of the strengthening inserts comprises an I-beam.

9. The panel assembly according to any preceding claim, wherein a depth of the interior portion of the panel varies over the length (L) of the panel.

10. A panel assembly according to claim 9, wherein the depth of the interior of the panel varies in an alternating manner between regions of relatively smaller depth and regions of relatively larger depth.

11. A panel according to claim 10, wherein the regions of relatively smaller depth are positioned between opposing recesses formed on the top and bottom surfaces of the panel.

12. A panel according to claim 10 or claim 11, wherein each strengthening insert is located in a corresponding region of relatively larger depth.

13. A panel assembly according to any of claims 10 to 12, wherein the regions of relatively smaller depth are free from strengthening inserts.

14. A panel assembly according to any preceding claim, comprising a plurality of stubs which extend partially across the interior of the panel in a direction between the top surface and the bottom surface, the stubs configured to provide a location feature for a respective strengthening insert.

15. A panel assembly according to claim 14, comprising four stubs per strengthening insert, each of the four stubs located at a corner of a respective strengthening insert.

16. A panel assembly according to any of claims 1 to 15, wherein the panel comprises a connection mechanism integrated with the panel for securely adjoining the panel with a respective other such panel without needing external fasteners, the connection mechanism comprising a first connection profile on the first end and a second connection profile on the second end.

17. A panel assembly according to claim 16, wherein the first connection profile is different from the second connection profile.

18. A panel assembly according to claim 16 or claim 17, wherein the first connection profile comprises a first projection and a second projection, wherein the first projection is located above the second projection in the depth direction of the panel.

19. A panel assembly according to claim 18, wherein the first projection is generally T-shaped in side-view of the panel with a web extending outwardly in the length direction, and a flange extending in the depth direction perpendicular to the web, and the second projection is generally T-shaped in side-view of the panel, with a flange of the second projection extending outwardly in the length direction, and a web of the second projection extending in the depth direction perpendicular to the flange of the second projection.

20. A panel assembly according to any of claims 16 to 19, wherein the second connection profile comprise a C-shaped outer profile and a C-shaped inner profile in side-view of the panel, the outer and inner profiles extending outwardly from the panel in the length direction, the inner profile located within the outer profile.

21. A panel assembly according to claim 20, wherein the outer profile comprises an upper, hooked portion and an outwardly projecting lower portion.

22. A panel assembly according to any preceding claim, wherein the interior portion of the panel comprises a void that extends between the first and second ends of the panel.

23. A panel assembly according to any preceding claim, wherein the panel assembly is capable of withstanding a 12.5 tonne axle load.

24. A road matting system comprising a plurality of panel assemblies according to any of claims 1 to 23 arranged together.

25. A modular matting panel system for a temporary road matting system comprising a combination of a plurality of types of panel, wherein a first type of panel of the plurality of types of panel has a same outer profile in side-view as an outer profile of a second type of panel of the plurality of types of panel, and an interior portion of the first type of panel has a different arrangement of vertical support stanchions to the second type of panel, wherein there are more support stanchions in the second type of panel compared to the first type of panel; and a third type of panel which has a same outer profile in side-view as the outer profile of the first and second types of panel, and an interior portion of the third type of panel has a different arrangement of vertical support stanchions to the first and second types of panel, and wherein the third type of panel is provided with a plurality of removable strengthening inserts in the interior portion of the third type of panel; and each of the first, second and third types of panel comprising a same type of connection mechanism integrated with the panel, so that any of the first, second or third types of panel can be securely adjoined to another of any of the first, second or third types of panel for securely adjoining the panel without needing external fasteners, the connection mechanism comprising a first connection profile on a first end and a second connection profile on a second end of each of the first, second and third types of panel.

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