Metal surface defect identification apparatus

Abstract

A metal surface defect identification apparatus, comprising a base 1 wherein placement seats 11 for placing a metal part are symmetrically fixed on front and rear sides of an upper end of the base, ed

Description

Technical Field The present invention relates to the technical field of defect detection, and specifically to, a metal surface defect identification apparatus. Background Art In the field of quality detection of metal parts, accurate identification of surface defects of metal parts is crucial. A traditional detection method often relies on manual visual inspection. However, this method has low efficiency and is easily affected by human factors, as such the accuracy of the detection result is difficult to guarantee. In order to improve detection efficiency and accuracy, automated detection technologies have been widely applied in recent years. However, existing automated detection devices still have some shortcomings in the aspect of surface cleaning and flip image capture of metal parts. In the aspect of surface cleaning of metal parts, traditional cleaning methods such as mechanical scrubbing or high-pressure water jet flushing are often used. However, these methods are not only cumbersome to operate, but also prone to scratching or damaging the surfaces of metal parts, thereby affecting subsequent image capture and defect identification. In the aspect of flip image capture of metal parts, existing automated detection devices usually use structures such as mechanical arms or rotating platforms to achieve the flipping of metal parts. However, these structures are often large and complicated, which not only increase the manufacturing cost and maintenance difficulty of devices, but also limit the application scope and flexibility of devices. Based on this, a metal surface defect identification apparatus is provided, which can eliminate the shortcomings of existing apparatuses. Summary of the Invention The purpose of the present invention is to provide a metal surface defect identification apparatus to solve the problems in the background art. In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical 1 solution: Provided is a metal surface defect identification apparatus, including a base, where placement seats for placing a metal part are symmetrically fixed on front and rear sides of an upper end of the base, edge blocks are symmetrically fixed on left and right sides of the upper end of the base, a top plate is fixed at upper ends of the edge blocks through a bracket, support blocks are fixed at both front and rear ends of the top plate, a through groove is formed in a middle of the top plate, a first moving structure is arranged inside the through groove, and the top plate is provided with a cleaning structure; the first moving structure includes a reciprocating block slidably mounted inside the through groove, a lower end of the reciprocating block extends to a bottom of the top plate and is provided with a camera, and an upper end of the reciprocating block extends to a top of the top plate and is connected with the cleaning structure; and the cleaning structure includes an elongate plate fixed at the upper end of the reciprocating block, both ends of the elongate plate are fixedly connected with fixed columns; piston rods are fixed at both ends of each of the fixed columns; a piston block is fixed at the other end of each of the piston rods, each of the piston blocks is slidably mounted inside an air cylinder; the air cylinders are mounted at upper ends of the support blocks; a one-way intake valve is mounted on each of the air cylinders, the internal of each of the air cylinders is in communication with the internal of an air box through an air outlet pipe, each of the air boxes is mounted at a lower end of the top plate, a plurality of cleaning spray heads are mounted on each of the air boxes, and nozzles of the plurality of cleaning spray heads all face the metal part placed at the upper ends of the placement seats. Preferably, the first moving structure further includes a motor mounted at a rear end of the top plate and a first reciprocating screw rotationally mounted inside the through groove, an output end of the motor extends to the inside of the through groove and is fixedly connected with the first reciprocating screw, the first reciprocating screw is in threaded connection with the reciprocating block, a first transmission wheel is fixed at the other end of the first reciprocating screw, and the first transmission wheel is connected with a second moving structure through a second transmission belt. Preferably, the second moving structure includes a third transmission wheel and two second 2 transmission wheels, the third transmission wheel is in transmission connection with the first transmission wheel through the second transmission belt, the third transmission wheel is fixedly connected with one of the second transmission wheels, the two second transmission wheels are in transmission connection through a first transmission belt, the two second transmission wheels are rotationally connected with two fixed blocks respectively, the two fixed blocks are symmetrically fixed at the upper end of the base, an upper end of each of the fixed blocks is provided with a moving groove, a second reciprocating screw is rotationally mounted inside each of the moving grooves, the second reciprocating screws are fixedly connected with the second transmission wheels each of the fixed blocks is provided with a clamping component, and the second reciprocating screws are in threaded connection with the clamping components. Preferably, the clamping component includes a moving box, the moving box is slidably mounted at the upper end of the fixed block, a moving block is fixed at a lower end of the moving box, the moving block is slidably mounted inside the moving groove, the moving block is in threaded connection with the second reciprocating screw, a sliding block and a sliding cylinder are slidably mounted inside the moving box, the sliding block is fixedly connected with the sliding cylinder, a movable rod is rotationally mounted inside the sliding cylinder, an end of the movable rod close to the placement seat is fixedly connected with a clamping block through a connecting rod, an end of the clamping block close to the placement seat is provided with a clamping groove, the other end of the movable rod extends above the edge block and is fixedly connected with a gear, the gear is rotationally connected with a fixed ring, the fixed ring is fixedly connected with the sliding cylinder, an upper end of the moving box is provided with a sliding groove, a sliding column is slidably mounted inside the sliding groove, and the sliding column is fixedly connected with the sliding block. Preferably, an end of the sliding block is provided with two pin holes, a distance between the two pin holes is equal to the size of a groove opening of the sliding groove, a spring groove is formed inside the moving box, a connecting block is slidably mounted inside the spring groove, a pin block is fixed at an end of the connecting block away from the spring groove, the pin block is adapted to the pin hole, and the other end of the connecting block is fixedly connected with an inner wall of the spring groove through a first spring. Preferably, two second springs are symmetrically arranged inside the clamping groove up and 3 down, and opposite ends of the two second springs are fixedly connected with an inner wall of the clamping groove through a plurality of clamping plates. Preferably, the upper end of the edge block is provided with an edge groove, a rack is fixed at a middle of one side of an upper end of the edge groove close to the moving box, and the rack is matched with the gear. Preferably, two guide frames are symmetrically fixed on front and rear sides of the upper end of the fixed block, opposite ends of the two guide frames are provided with guide grooves, guide directions of groove openings of the guide grooves provided by the two guide frames are opposite, and the guide groove is matched with the sliding column. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. According to the present invention, the first moving structure is matched with the cleaning structure, and the reciprocating block drives the elongate plate and the fixed columns to move synchronously to drive the piston rods and the piston blocks to slide in the air cylinders; the one-way intake valves ensure that the piston blocks intake air when sliding inward and convey the compressed air to the air boxes through the air outlet pipes when sliding outward; and finally, the compressed air is directionally ejected out through the plurality of cleaning spray heads to directly hit a surface of the metal part on the placement seats to effectively blow away dust and impurities, which is beneficial for the camera to capture an image, thereby enhancing the accuracy of defect identification. 2. According to the present invention, by means of cooperation of the second moving structure, the clamping components, the racks and the guide frames as well as the design of the guide frame and the guide grooves, the clamping component can move left and right to clamp and release the metal part; and the second moving structure drives the clamping components to move on the fixed blocks through the rotation of the second reciprocating screw, and during movement, the rotation of the clamping blocks is achieved by meshing the gears with the racks to drive the metal part to flip, which is convenient for the camera to capture an image of the other side of the metal part. Brief Description of the Drawings FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention. 4 FIG. 2 is a structural cross-sectional view of a right end position of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a position A in FIG. 2 of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a first moving structure, a cleaning structure and a second moving structure of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of edge blocks and fixed blocks of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a clamping component of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a position B in FIG. 6 of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a structural cross-sectional view of the inside of the clamping component of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of the sliding block and pin holes of the present invention. List of reference numerals: I-base; 11-placement seat; 12-edge block; 121-edge groove; 122-rack; 13-fixed block; 131-moving groove; 132-guide frame; 133-guide groove; 14-bracket; 15-top plate; 151-through groove; 152-support block; 2-clamping component; 201-moving box; 2011-spring groove; 2012-first spring; 2013-connecting block; 2014-pin block; 202-moving block; 203-sliding groove; 211-sliding block; 2111-pin hole; 212-sliding column; 213-sliding cylinder; 214-fixed ring; 221-gear; 222-movable rod; 223-connecting rod; 224-clamping block; 225-clamping groove; 2251-second spring; 2252-clamping plate; 31-first moving structure; 311-motor; 312-first reciprocating screw; 313-reciprocating block; 314-first transmission wheel; 32-cleaning structure; 321-elongate plate; 322-fixed column; 323-piston rod; 324-piston block; 325-air cylinder; 3251-one-way intake valve; 326-air outlet pipe; 327-air box; 328-cleaning spray head; 33-second moving structure; 331-second reciprocating screw; 332-second transmission wheel; 333-first transmission belt; 334-third transmission wheel; 34-second transmission belt; and 4-camera. Detailed Description of the Invention In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to accompanying drawings and embodiments. In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 9, a metal surface defect identification apparatus is provided, including a base 1. Placement seats 11 for placing a metal part are symmetrically fixed on front and rear sides of an upper end of the base 1. Edge blocks 12 are symmetrically fixed on left and right sides of the upper end of the base 1. A top plate 15 is fixed at upper ends of the edge blocks 12 through a bracket 14. Support blocks 152 are fixed at both front and rear ends of the top plate 15. A through groove 151 is formed in a middle of the top plate 15. A first moving structure 31 is arranged inside the through groove 151. The top plate 15 is provided with a cleaning structure 32. The first moving structure 31 includes a reciprocating block 313 slidably mounted inside the through groove 151. A lower end of the reciprocating block 313 extends to a bottom of the top plate 15 and is provided with a camera 4. An upper end of the reciprocating block 313 extends to a top of the top plate 15 and is connected with the cleaning structure 32. The cleaning structure 32 includes a elongate plate 321 fixed at the upper end of the reciprocating block 313. Both ends of the elongate plate 321 are fixedly connected with fixed columns 322. Piston rods 323 are fixed at both ends of each of the fixed columns 322. A piston block 324 is fixed at the other end of each of the piston rods 323. Each of the piston blocks 324 is slidably mounted inside an air cylinder 325. The air cylinders 325 are mounted at upper ends of the support blocks 152. A one-way intake valve 3251 is mounted on each of the air cylinders 325. The internal of each of the air cylinders 325 is in communication with the internal of an air box 327 through an air outlet pipe 326. Each of the air boxes 327 is mounted at a lower end of the top plate 15. A plurality of cleaning spray heads 328 are mounted on each of the air boxes 327. Nozzles of the plurality of cleaning spray heads 328 all face the metal part placed at the upper ends of the placement seats 11. In this embodiment, firstly, the metal part is placed on the placement seats 11, and then, the positions of the reciprocating block 313 and the camera 4 are adjusted through the first moving structure 31 to ensure that the camera 4 is located above the metal part, thereby ensuring that the camera 4 can capture a surface image of the metal part to provide data for subsequent defect identification. During the process of adjusting the positions of the reciprocating block 313 and the camera 4 by the first moving structure 31, the reciprocating block 313 drives the elongate plate 321 and the 6 fixed columns 322 to move synchronously so as to slide inside the air cylinders 325 through the piston rods 323 and the piston blocks 324. Due to the action of the one-way intake valves 3251, the piston blocks 324 intake air when sliding to the inside of the air cylinders 325 and press the air to the inside of the air boxes 327 through the air outlet pipe 326 when sliding outward. Finally, the compressed air is sprayed out through the plurality of cleaning spray heads 328, and all nozzles face the metal part at the upper ends of the placement seats. The sprayed airflow can blow away dust and impurities on the surface of the metal part, thereby improving the clarity of the image captured by the camera 4, and further improving the accuracy of defect identification. In an optional embodiment, the first moving structure 31 further includes a motor 311 mounted at a rear end of the top plate 15 and a first reciprocating screw 312 rotationally mounted inside the through groove 151. An output end of the motor 311 extends to the inside of the through groove 151 and is fixedly connected with the first reciprocating screw 312. The first reciprocating screw 312 is in threaded connection with the reciprocating block 313. A first transmission wheel 314 is fixed at the other end of the first reciprocating screw 312. The first transmission wheel 314 is connected with a second moving structure 33 through a second transmission belt 34. It should be noted that in the first moving structure 31, the motor 311 drives the first reciprocating screw 312 to rotate. Since the reciprocating block 313 is in threaded connection with the first reciprocating screw 312, the reciprocating block 313 moves back and forth along an axis direction of the first reciprocating screw 312 inside the through groove 151. This moving manner ensures that the camera 4 can accurately scan the surface of the metal part placed on the placement seats 11. Furthermore, the first transmission wheel 314 is connected with the second moving structure 33 through the second transmission belt 34, which means that when the camera 4 moves above the metal part for scanning, the second moving structure 33 also moves synchronously. In an optional embodiment, the second moving structure 33 includes a third transmission wheel 334 and two second transmission wheels 332. The third transmission wheel 334 is in transmission connection with the first transmission wheel 314 through the second transmission belt 34. The third transmission wheel 334 is fixedly connected with one of the second transmission wheels 332. The two second transmission wheels 332 are in transmission connection through a first transmission belt 333. The two second transmission wheels 332 are rotationally connected with two fixed blocks 13 respectively. The two fixed blocks 13 are symmetrically fixed at the 7 upper end of the base 1. An upper end of each of the fixed blocks 13 is provided with a moving groove 131. A second reciprocating screw 331 is rotationally mounted inside each of the moving grooves 131. The second reciprocating screws 331 are fixedly connected with the second transmission wheels 332. Each of the fixed blocks 13 is provided with a clamping component 2. The second reciprocating screws 331 are in threaded connection with the clamping components 2. It should be noted that the second moving structure 33 receives power from the first moving structure 31 through the third transmission wheel 334 and the second transmission belt 34, so as to drive the two second transmission wheels 332 to rotate. Since the two second transmission wheels 332 are connected through the first transmission belt 333 and are fixedly connected with the second reciprocating screws 331 on the two fixed blocks 13 respectively, when the second transmission wheel 332 rotates, the second reciprocating screws 331 is driven to rotate. The clamping components 2 are in threaded connection with the second reciprocating screws 331, so that as the second reciprocating screws 331 rotate, the clamping components 2 move along an axis direction of the second reciprocating screws 331 on the fixed blocks 13. In an optional embodiment, the clamping component 2 includes a moving box 201. The moving box 201 is slidably mounted at the upper end of the fixed block 13. A moving block 202 is fixed at a lower end of the moving box 201. The moving block 202 is slidably mounted inside the moving groove 131. The moving block 202 is in threaded connection with the second reciprocating screw 331. A sliding block 211 and a sliding cylinder 213 are slidably mounted inside the moving box 201. The sliding block 211 is fixedly connected with the sliding cylinder 213. A movable rod 222 is rotationally mounted inside the sliding cylinder 213. An end of the movable rod 222 close to the placement seat 11 is fixedly connected with a clamping block 224 through a connecting rod 223. An end of the clamping block 224 close to the placement seat 11 is provided with a clamping groove 225. The other end of the movable rod 222 extends above the edge block 12 and is fixedly connected with a gear 221. The gear 221 is rotationally connected with a fixed ring 214. The fixed ring 214 is fixedly connected with the sliding cylinder 213. An upper end of the moving box 201 is provided with a sliding groove 203. A sliding column 212 is slidably mounted inside the sliding groove 203. The sliding column 212 is fixedly connected with the sliding block 211. It should be noted that when the second reciprocating screw 331 rotates, the moving block 8 202 drives the moving box 201 to move along the moving groove 131. The movement of the moving box 201 drives the sliding block 211 and the sliding cylinder 213 to move together, so as to drive the movable rod 222 and the clamping block 224 to move. In an optional embodiment, an end of the sliding block 211 is provided with two pin holes 2111. A distance between the two pin holes 2111 is equal to the size of a groove opening of the sliding groove 203. A spring groove 2011 is formed inside the moving box 201. A connecting block 2013 is slidably mounted inside the spring groove 2011. A pin block 2014 is fixed at an end of the connecting block 2013 away from the spring groove 2011. The pin block 2014 is adapted to the pin hole 2111. The other end of the connecting block 2013 is fixedly connected with an inner wall of the spring groove 2011 through a first spring 2012. It should be noted that when the sliding block 211 slides in the sliding groove 203, the sliding block 211 drives the sliding cylinder 213 and movable rod 222 which are fixedly connected with the sliding block 211 to move together. When the sliding block 211 moves to a specific position of the sliding groove 203 (i.e., the position where the pin hole 2111 is aligned with the pin block 2014), the pin block 2014 pops up and is inserted into the pin hole 2111 under the action of the first spring 2012, thereby locking the position of the sliding block 211. In an optional embodiment, two second springs 2251 are symmetrically arranged inside the clamping groove 225 up and down, and opposite ends of the two second springs 2251 are fixedly connected with an inner wall of the clamping groove 225 through a plurality of clamping plates 2252. It should be noted that the combination of the second spring 2251 and the clamping plate 2252 provides an elastic clamping force for the clamping groove 225, which can adapt to metal parts of different shapes and sizes. When the clamping block 224 approaches the metal part, the clamping plate 2252 applies appropriate pressure to the metal part under the action of the second spring 2251, thereby ensuring that the metal part is stably clamped. In an optional embodiment, the upper end of the edge block 12 is provided with an edge groove 121. A rack 122 is fixed at a middle of one side of an upper end of the edge groove 121 close to the moving box 201. The rack 122 is matched with the gear 221. It should be noted that the design of the edge groove 121 and the rack 122 is to match the gear 221, thereby driving the rotation of the clamping block 224. When the clamping component 2 9 moves back, the gear 221 is meshed with the rack 122 to enable the clamping block 224 to drive the metal part to flip, so that the camera 4 can capture an image of the other side of the metal part. In an optional embodiment, two guide frames 132 are symmetrically fixed on front and rear sides of the upper end of the fixed block 13. Opposite ends of the two guide frames 132 are provided with guide grooves 133. Guide directions of groove openings of the guide grooves 133 provided by the two guide frames 132 are opposite. The guide groove 133 is matched with the sliding column 212. It should be noted that when the clamping component 2 moves to a front side, the sliding column 212 moves left and right through the guide groove 133 of the guide frame 132, and the two clamping blocks 224 approach each other, so that the second spring 2251 clamps the metal part. Then, the clamping component 2 moves to a rear side, the sliding column 212 moves left and right through the guide groove 133 on the guide frame 132 on the rear side, and the two clamping blocks 224 are separated from each other, so that the second spring 2251 is released and moves away from the metal part, and the metal part is placed on the placement seat 11 on the rear side. The above embodiment discloses a metal surface defect identification apparatus. Firstly, the metal part is placed on the placement seat 11 located on the front side, and then, the motor 311 drives the first reciprocating screw 312 to rotate, so that the reciprocating block 313 drives the camera 4 to move forward. Moreover, during the operation of the first moving structure 31, since the first transmission wheel 314 is connected with the third transmission wheel 334 through the second transmission belt 34, the second moving structure 33 begins to operate. When the reciprocating block 313 drives the camera 4 to operate above the metal part on the front side, the clamping component 2 moves to the position of the placement seat 11 on the rear side under the action of the second moving structure 33. After the camera 4 completes the capture, the first moving structure 31 drives the reciprocating block 313 to move backward, and the clamping component 2 moves forward under the action of the second moving structure 33. When the clamping component 2 moves to the position of the placement seat 11 on the front side, the sliding column 212 moves left and right through the guide groove 133 of the guide frame 132, and the two clamping blocks 224 approach each other, so that the second spring 2251 clamps the metal part. Then, the clamping component 2 moves rearward, and during the movement, the gear 221 is meshed with the rack 122 to enable the clamping block 224 to drive the metal part to flip, so that the other side of the metal part faces upward. When the clamping component 2 moves to the position of the placement seat 11 on the rear side, the sliding column 212 moves left and right through the guide groove 133 on the guide frame 132 on the rear side, and the two clamping blocks 224 are separated from each other, so that the second spring 2251 is released and moves away from the metal part, and the metal part is placed on the placement seat 11 on the rear side. The first moving structure 31 continues to operate, so that the reciprocating block 313 drives the camera 4 to operate to the position on the rear side, so as to capture an image of the other side of the metal part. During the movement of the reciprocating block 313, the cleaning structure 32 begins to work specifically as follows: the reciprocating block 313 drives the elongate plate 321 and the fixed columns 322 to move synchronously so as to slide inside the air cylinders 325 through the piston rods 323 and the piston blocks 324. Due to the action of the one-way intake valves 3251, the piston blocks 324 intake air when sliding to the inside of the air cylinders 325 and press the air to the inside of the air boxes 327 through the air outlet pipes 326 when sliding outward. Finally, the compressed air is sprayed out through the plurality of cleaning spray heads 328, and all nozzles face the metal part at the upper end of the placement seat. The sprayed airflow can blow away dust and impurities on the surface of the metal part, thereby improving the clarity of the image captured by the camera 4, and further improving the accuracy of defect identification. The above descriptions are merely specific implementations of the present application, but are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. Any variation or replacement readily figured out by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application shall fall within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be determined with reference to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A metal surface defect identification apparatus, characterized by comprising a base (1), wherein placement seats (11) for placing a metal part are symmetrically fixed on front and rear sides of an upper end of the base (1), edge blocks (12) are symmetrically fixed on left and right sides of the upper end of the base (1), a top plate (15) is fixed at upper ends of the edge blocks (12) through a bracket (14), support blocks (152) are fixed at both front and rear ends of the top plate (15), a through groove (151) is formed in a middle of the top plate (15), a first moving structure (31) is arranged inside the through groove (151), and the top plate (15) is provided with a cleaning structure (32);the first moving structure (31) comprises a reciprocating block (313) slidably mounted inside the through groove (151), a lower end of the reciprocating block (313) extends to a bottom of the top plate (15) and is provided with a camera (4), and an upper end of the reciprocating block (313) extends to a top of the top plate (15) and is connected with the cleaning structure (32); andthe cleaning structure (32) comprises an elongate plate (321) fixed at the upper end of the reciprocating block (313), both ends of the elongate plate (321) are fixedly connected with fixed columns (322); piston rods (323) are fixed at both ends of each of the fixed columns (322); a piston block (324) is fixed at the other end of each of the piston rods (323), each of the piston blocks (324) is slidably mounted inside an air cylinder (325); the air cylinders (325) are mounted at upper ends of the support blocks (152); a one-way intake valve (3251) is mounted on each of the air cylinders (325), the internal of each of the air cylinders (325) is in communication with the internal of an air box (327) through an air outlet pipe (326), each of the air boxes (327) is mounted at a lower end of the top plate (15), a plurality of cleaning spray heads (328) are mounted on each of the air boxes (327), and nozzles of the plurality of cleaning spray heads (328) all face the metal part placed at the upper ends of the placement seats (11).

2. The metal surface defect identification apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the first moving structure (31) further comprises a motor (311) mounted at a rear end of the top plate (15) and a first reciprocating screw (312) rotationally mounted inside the through groove (151), an output end of the motor (311) extends to the inside of the through groove (151) and is fixedly connected with the first reciprocating screw (312), the first reciprocating screw (312) is in threaded connection with the reciprocating block (313), a first transmission wheel 12(314) is fixed at the other end of the first reciprocating screw (312), and the first transmission wheel (314) is connected with a second moving structure (33) through a second transmission belt (34).

3. The metal surface defect identification apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the second moving structure (33) comprises a third transmission wheel (334) and two second transmission wheels (332), the third transmission wheel (334) is in transmission connection with the first transmission wheel (314) through the second transmission belt (34), the third transmission wheel (334) is fixedly connected with one of the second transmission wheels (332), the two second transmission wheels (332) are in transmission connection through a first transmission belt (333), the two second transmission wheels (332) are rotationally connected with two fixed blocks (13) respectively, the two fixed blocks (13) are symmetrically fixed at the upper end of the base (1), an upper end of each of the fixed blocks (13) is provided with a moving groove (131), a second reciprocating screw (331) is rotationally mounted inside each of the moving grooves (131), the second reciprocating screws (331) are fixedly connected with the second transmission wheels (332), each of the fixed blocks (13) is provided with a clamping component (2), and the second reciprocating screws (331) are in threaded connection with the clamping components (2).

4. The metal surface defect identification apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the clamping component (2) comprises a moving box (201), the moving box (201) is slidably mounted at the upper end of the fixed block (13), a moving block (202) is fixed at a lower end of the moving box (201), the moving block (202) is slidably mounted inside the moving groove (131), the moving block (202) is in threaded connection with the second reciprocating screw (331), a sliding block (211) and a sliding cylinder (213) are slidably mounted inside the moving box (201), the sliding block (211) is fixedly connected with the sliding cylinder (213), a movable rod (222) is rotationally mounted inside the sliding cylinder (213), an end of the movable rod (222) close to the placement seat (11) is fixedly connected with a clamping block (224) through a connecting rod (223), an end of the clamping block (224) close to the placement seat (11) is provided with a clamping groove (225), the other end of the movable rod (222) extends above the edge block (12) and is fixedly connected with a gear (221), the gear (221) is rotationally connected with a fixed ring (214), the fixed ring (214) is fixedly connected with the sliding cylinder (213), an upper end 13of the moving box (201) is provided with a sliding groove (203), a sliding column (212) is slidably mounted inside the sliding groove (203), and the sliding column (212) is fixedly connected with the sliding block (211).

5. The metal surface defect identification apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that an end of the sliding block (211) is provided with two pin holes (2111), a distance between the two pin holes (2111) is equal to the size of a groove opening of the sliding groove (203), a spring groove (2011) is formed inside the moving box (201), a connecting block (2013) is slidably mounted inside the spring groove (2011), a pin block (2014) is fixed at an end of the connecting block (2013) away from the spring groove (2011), the pin block (2014) is adapted to the pin hole (2111), and the other end of the connecting block (2013) is fixedly connected with an inner wall of the spring groove (2011) through a first spring (2012).

6. The metal surface defect identification apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that two second springs (2251) are symmetrically arranged inside the clamping groove (225) up and down, and opposite ends of the two second springs (2251) are fixedly connected with an inner wall of the clamping groove (225) through a plurality of clamping plates (2252).

7. The metal surface defect identification apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the upper end of the edge block (12) is provided with an edge groove (121), a rack (122) is fixed at a middle of one side of an upper end of the edge groove (121) close to the moving box (201), and the rack (122) is matched with the gear (221).

8. The metal surface defect identification apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that two guide frames (132) are symmetrically fixed on front and rear sides of the upper end of the fixed block (13), opposite ends of the two guide frames (132) are provided with guide grooves (133), guide directions of groove openings of the guide grooves (133) provided by the two guide frames (132) are opposite, and the guide groove (133) is matched with the sliding column (212).

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