Compositons and methods and uses relating thereto

Abstract

A method of improving the lubricity of a diesel fuel composition by admixing in component A and component B. Component A comprises an amide or an imide. Component B comprises a nitrogen containing aro

Claims

1. A method of improving the lubricity of a diesel fuel composition, the method comprising admixing into the composition: (a) at least one hydrocarbyl substituted amide or imide compound; and (b) at least one nitrogen-containing aromatic compound.

2. The use of the combination of: (a) at least one hydrocarbyl substituted amide or imide compound and (b) at least one nitrogen-containing aromatic compound to improve the lubricity of a diesel fuel composition.

3. A diesel fuel composition comprising a major proportion of a diesel fuel and:(a) at least one hydrocarbyl substituted amide or imide compound; and(b) at least one nitrogen containing aromatic compound.

4. A method of preparing a diesel fuel composition comprising admixing diesel fuel with:(a) at least one hydrocarbyl substituted amide or imide compound; and(b) at least one nitrogen containing aromatic compound.

5. A method of improving the lubricity of a diesel fuel composition comprising (a) at least hydrocarbyl substituted amide or imide compound; the method comprising adding to the fuel composition (b) at least one nitrogen containing aromatic compound.

6. The use of (b) at least one nitrogen containing aromatic compound to improve the lubricity of a diesel fuel composition comprising (a) at least hydrocarbyl substituted amide or imide compound.

7. A composition, method or use according to any preceding claim wherein the diesel fuel is selected from mineral diesel, biodiesel, renewable diesel and blends thereof.

8. A composition, method or use according to any preceding claim wherein the diesel fuel comprises a paraffinic fuel.

9. A composition, method or use according to claim 8 wherein the paraffinic fuel provides at least 90 vol%, preferably at least 99 vol% of all fuel present in the fuel composition.

10. A composition, method or use according to any preceding claim wherein the hydrocarbyl substituted amide or imide compound is the reaction product of an amino compound and an acylating agent which is a hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acid or reactiveequivalent thereof comprising or derived from a monocarboxylic acid, a dicarboxylic acid or a polycarboxylic acid.

11. A composition, method or use according to claim 10 wherein the carboxylic acid or reactive equivalent thereof is a fatty acid.

12. A composition, method or use according to claim 10 wherein the acylating agent is a hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acid or a hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydride.

13. A composition, method or use according to claim 12 wherein the carboxylic acid or reactive equivalent thereof is a hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acid or anhydride thereof having a substituent derived from an a-olefin having 6 to 36 carbon atoms.

14. A composition, method or use according to claim 12 wherein the carboxylic acid or reactive equivalent thereof is a hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acid or anhydride thereof having a substituent derived from an internal olefin having 6 to 36 carbon atoms.

15. A composition, method or use according to claim 12 wherein the carboxylic acid or reactive equivalent thereof is a polyisobutenyl substituted succinic acid or anhydride thereof, preferably wherein the polyisobutenyl substituent has a number average molecular weight of from 200 to 1000.

16. A composition, method or use according to any of claims 10 to 15 wherein the amino compound is selected from ammonia, hydrazine, compounds including a primary amine group and compounds including a secondary amine group.

17. A composition, method or use according to any of claims 10 to 16 wherein the amino compound is selected from ammonia, polyalkylene polyamines, dialkyl amines, dialkanolamines and compounds of formula H2N-[-R8-X-]n-H in which each X is independently N orO, n is from 1 to 10 and R8 is a Ci to Ce alkylene group.

18. A composition, method or use according to any of claims 10 to 17 wherein the amino compound is selected from ammonia, polyethylene polyamines, dialkyl amines having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, dialkanolamines having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and compounds of formula H2N-[-R8-X-]n-H in which each X is independently NH or O, n is from 1 to 4 and R8 is a C2 to C4 alkylene group.

19. A composition, method or use according to any of claims 10 to 18 wherein the amino compound is selected from ammonia, diethanolamine, tetraethylenepentamine and hydroxyethyl ethylene diamine.

20. A composition, method or use according to any previous claim wherein component (a) is selected from one or more of:the reaction product of an alkenyl substituted succinic acid or anhydride thereof and ammonia, preferably wherein the alkenyl substituent has from 6 to 36 carbon atoms; the reaction product of an alkenyl substituted succinic acid or anhydride thereof, preferably wherein the alkenyl substituent has from 6 to 36 carbon atoms and a compound of formula H2N-[-R8-X-]n-H in which each X is independently NH or O, n is from 1 to 4 and R8 is a C2 to C4 alkylene group;the reaction product of a polyisobutenyl substituted succinic acid or anhydride thereof, preferably having a PIB number average molecular weight of 500 to 1000 and a polyethylene polyamine; andthe reaction product of a fatty acid, preferably having 8 to 30 carbon atoms and a dialkanolamine.

21. A composition, method or use according to any of claims 1 to 9 wherein the hydrocarbyl substituted amide or imide compound is the reaction product of an amino compound and a polymeric acylating agent.

22. A composition, method or use according to claim 21 wherein the polymeric acylating agent is a copolymer of maleic anhydride and an a-olefin, preferably having 6 to 36, especially 10 to 24 carbon atoms.

23. A composition, method or use according to claim 21 or 22 wherein the amino compound is a primary alkyl or alkenyl amine having from 6 to 30 carbon atoms.

24. A composition, method or use according to any preceding claim wherein component (b) comprises a bicyclic heteroaromatic compound.

25. A composition, method or use according to any preceding claim wherein component (b) comprises a compound of formula (IX):(IX)wherein m is from 0 to 4, n is 0 or 1; each X is CH, N, NH, CR or NR; and each R is independently selected from OH, alkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkenyl and nitro.

26. A composition, method or use according to any preceding claim wherein component (b) comprises a compound of formula (X):wherein x is from 0 to 4, n is 0 or 1; each R’ is independently selected from OH, alkyl, alkoxy, amino, alkenyl and nitro; and R” is hydrogen, an alkyl group or an alkenyl group.

27. A composition, method or use according to any preceding claim wherein component (b) is selected from phthalimide, benzotriazole, 8-hydroxyquinoline and mixtures thereof.

28. A composition, method or use according to any preceding claim wherein the weight ratio of component (a) to component (b) in the fuel composition is from 10:1 to 1:1.

29. A composition, method or use according to any preceding claim wherein component (a) is present in the fuel composition in an amount of from 5 to 300 ppm and component (b) is present in the fuel composition in an amount of from 1 to 100 ppm.

30. A composition, method or use according to any of claims 1 to 4 or 7 to 29 wherein the fuel composition comprising additive (a) and additive (b) has a wear scar at least 70pm lower than the wear scar of the same fuel composition without additive (a) and additive (b).

31. A method or use according to any of claims 5 to 29 wherein the addition of additive (b) reduces the wear scar by at least 50|jm.