Methods, systems, and apparatus for reducing frequency and / or severity of photophobic responses or for modulating circadian cycles

Abstract

To provide an optical filter which may reduce the frequency and / or severity of photophobic responses or for modulating circadian cycles by controlling light exposure to cells in the human eye in certain wavelengths, such as 480 nm and 590 nm, and a visual spectral response of the human eye, the optical filter which may disrupt the isomerization of melanopsin in the human eye reducing the availability of the active isoform, whereas the attenuation of light weighted across the action potential spectrum of the active isoform attenuates the phototransduction cascade leading to photophobic responses.SOLUTION: Embodiments of an optical filter are described. In one embodiment, an optical filter may be configured to transmit less than a first amount of light in certain wavelengths, and to transmit more than a second amount of light weighted across the visual spectral response. Methods of use and methods of manufacturing optical filters are also described.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 26

Claims

1. 1. A device for reducing the frequency and / or severity of photophobia by controlling light exposure to melanopsin ganglion cells in the cornea for wavelengths in the visible spectral range of 400 nm to 700 nm, comprising: Equipped with an optical filter, The optical filter is configured to transmit less than a first amount of light averaged over wavelengths between about 454 nm and about 506 nm and greater than a second amount of light averaged over wavelengths in the visible spectrum less than about 454 nm and greater than about 506 nm, the first amount of light being less than the amount of light received by melanopsin ganglion cells of the subject (D ｍｅｌａｎ ) and the second amount of light is a visible response spectrum (D ｖｉｓ ), wherein a ratio including the first amount of light and the second amount of light is defined as a figure of merit (FOM), and the figure of merit is: [Equation 17] is determined by D ｍｅｌａｎ (T=1) is the first light amount when there is no optical filter, and D ｖｉｓ (T=1) is the second amount of light without an optical filter, and the figure of merit of the optical filter is at least 1.

3.

2. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, the first light amount is 55% and the second light amount is 70%; the first light amount is 65% and the second light amount is 80%; the first light amount is 35% and the second light amount is 50%; the first light amount is 25% and the second light amount is 40%; the first light amount is 45% and the second light amount is 60%; the first light amount is 15% and the second light amount is 30%; the first amount of light is 10% and the second amount of light is 20%; or The apparatus, wherein the first amount of light is 5% and the second amount of light is 10%.

3. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the optical filter comprises one or more of a color filter or a tint.

4. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the figure of merit of the optical filter is at least 1.

5.

5. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, the optical filter is further configured to reflect a third amount of light averaged over wavelengths between about 454 nm and about 506 nm from a back side of the optical filter, the third amount of light being less than about 50% of the light incident on the back side.

6. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the filter comprises a multilayer dielectric, a nanoparticle buried coating, a resonant guided mode filter, or a rugate filter.

7. 1. A system for reducing the frequency and / or severity of photophobia by controlling the exposure of melanopsin ganglion cells in the cornea to light within the visible spectral range of 400 nm to 700 nm wavelengths, comprising: A substrate; a first layer disposed on the substrate, the first layer comprising a high refractive index material; a second layer disposed adjacent to the first layer, the second layer comprising a low refractive index material; A system comprising:

8. 8. The system of claim 7, The high refractive index material of the first layer is TiO ２ and The low refractive index material of the second layer is SiO ２ and TiO ２ and SiO ２ and one or more additional alternating adjacent layers of a first additional layer adjacent to the second layer; The final additional layer is MgF ２ , SiO ２ or TiO ２ and adjacent to the outer layer of the system.

9. 8. The system of claim 7, The system, wherein the optical filter is a notch filter comprising 10 dielectric layers, and the notch filter is configured to block approximately 61% of light weighted across the action potential spectrum of the melanopsin ganglion cells and cause an attenuation of approximately 21% weighted across the visible spectral response.

10. 8. The system of claim 7, The system, wherein the optical filter is a notch filter comprising 15 dielectric layers, and the notch filter is configured to block approximately 70% of light weighted across the action potential spectrum of the melanopsin ganglion cells and cause approximately 25% attenuation weighted across the visible spectral response.

11. 8. The system of claim 7, The system, wherein the optical filter is a notch filter comprising 19 dielectric layers, and the notch filter is configured to block approximately 89% of light weighted across the action potential spectrum of the melanopsin ganglion cells and cause an attenuation of approximately 29% weighted across the visible spectral response.

12. 8. The system of claim 7, The system, wherein the substrate further comprises a first side, the first layer applied to the first side, and an anti-reflective coating applied to a side of the substrate opposite the first side.

13. 1. A device for reducing the frequency and / or severity of photophobia or regulating circadian rhythm by controlling exposure of cells in the cornea to wavelengths in the visible spectral range of 400 nm to 700 nm, comprising: Equipped with an optical filter, The optical filter is Light averaged over a first wavelength range between about 565 nm and about 615 nm is transmitted, and the light transmitted over the first wavelength range is measured as the amount of light received by receptor cells in the subject (D ｒｅｃ，５９０ ) and and transmitting light averaged over a second wavelength range between about 454 nm and about 506 nm, the light transmitted over said second wavelength range being a measure of the amount of light received by receptor cells in the subject (D ｍｅｌａｎ ) and transmits light averaged over a third wavelength range within the visible spectrum below about 454 nm, between about 506 nm and about 565 nm, and above about 615 nm, wherein the light transmitted over the third wavelength range is a function of the amount of light received over the visible spectrum (D ｖｉｓ ) and The ratio of the light over the first wavelength range to the light over the third wavelength range is defined as a figure of merit (FOM) of the optical filter, the figure of merit being: [Equation 18] is determined by D ｒｅｃ，５９０ (T=1) is light over the first wavelength range in the absence of an optical filter, and D ｖｉｓ (T=1) is light over the third wavelength range in the absence of an optical filter, and the figure of merit is at least 1.3; The ratio of the light over the second wavelength range to the light over the third wavelength range is defined as a figure of merit (FOM) of the optical filter, the figure of merit being: [Equation 19] is determined by D ｍｅｌａｎ (T=1) is light over the second wavelength range in the absence of an optical filter, and D ｖｉｓ (T=1) is light over said third wavelength range in the absence of an optical filter, and said figure of merit is at least 1.

3.

14. 1. A device for reducing the frequency and / or severity of photophobia by controlling light exposure to melanopsin ganglion cells in the cornea for wavelengths in the visible spectral range of 400 nm to 700 nm, comprising: an optical filter, the optical filter comprising: Light amount T ｍｅｌａｎ an optical transmittance averaged over wavelengths between about 454 nm and about 506 nm of less than Light amount T ｖｉｓ a light transmittance averaged over wavelengths in the visible spectrum below about 454 nm and above about 506 nm that is greater than and The ratio including the light transmittance is defined as a figure of merit (FOM) of the optical filter, the figure of merit being: [Equation 20] is determined by The apparatus, wherein the figure of merit of the optical filter is at least 1.6.

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