Communication device and communication method
Patent Information
- Application Number
- JP2024102095
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-10
- Estimated Expiration
- 2042-09-13
Smart Images
Figure 00000000_0000_ABST
Abstract
Description
[Technical field]
[0001] The present invention relates to a communication device, a distributed power source, and a communication method. [Background technology]
[0002] In recent years, technologies that use power storage devices as distributed power sources (e.g., VPP (Virtual Power Plant)) have become known to maintain the balance between power supply and demand in a power grid. In such cases, it is necessary to adjust the frequency of the power grid by using reverse flow power supplied from the facility to the power grid (hereinafter, referred to as supply and demand adjustment control).
[0003] When performing such supply and demand adjustment control, a technique is known in which the charge and discharge power of a power storage device is determined for each service (energy management, supply and demand adjustment control). For example, in the supply and demand adjustment control, an upper limit value of the charge and discharge power of a power storage device is set (for example, Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]
[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2020-137368 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]
[0005] Possible methods for measuring the reference power referenced in the control of distributed power sources include measuring the forward flow power from the power grid to the facility or the reverse flow power from the facility to the power grid (hereinafter referred to as power receiving point measurement), and measuring the discharge power of the distributed power source or the charging power of the distributed power source (hereinafter referred to as individual equipment measurement).
[0006] However, in the current supply and demand adjustment market, although measurement at the receiving point is permitted, measurement of individual equipment is not permitted.
[0007] After careful consideration, the inventors have discovered that, assuming cases in which individual equipment measurement is permitted, it is necessary to consider a mechanism for appropriately executing supply and demand adjustment control using distributed power sources.
[0008] Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a communication device, a distributed power source, and a communication method that enable appropriate execution of supply and demand adjustment control using a distributed power source when two or more reference power measurement methods are assumed. [Means for solving the problem]
[0009] One aspect of the disclosure is a communication device for a distributed power source installed in a facility connected to a power grid, the communication device comprising: a first communication unit that communicates with a power management server that manages the distributed power source used in supply and demand adjustment control to maintain the frequency of the power grid; and a second communication unit that communicates with the distributed power source a command including an information element that specifies the type of measurement method of the reference power referenced in the control of the distributed power source.
[0010] One aspect of the disclosure is a distributed power source installed in a facility connected to a power grid, the distributed power source including a communication device that communicates with a power management server that manages the distributed power sources used in supply and demand adjustment control to maintain the frequency of the power grid, and a communication unit that communicates commands including information elements that specify the type of measurement method for the reference power referenced in the control of the distributed power source.
[0011] One aspect of the disclosure is a communication method comprising: a step A of controlling a distributed power source installed in a facility connected to a power grid, the distributed power source being used in supply and demand adjustment control for maintaining a frequency of the power grid; and a step B of communicating a command with the distributed power source, the command including an information element that specifies a type of measurement method for a reference power referenced in the control of the distributed power source. Effect of the Invention
[0012] According to the present invention, a communication device, a distributed power source, and a communication method are provided that enable appropriate execution of supply and demand adjustment control using a distributed power source when two or more reference power measurement methods are assumed. [Brief description of the drawings]
[0013] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a power management system 1 according to an embodiment. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a facility 100 according to the embodiment. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a power storage device 120 according to an embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a gateway device 160 according to the embodiment. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a power management server 200 according to the embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining frequency fluctuation adjustment according to the embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the priority order of the distributed power sources according to the embodiment. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the priority order of the distributed power sources according to the embodiment. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the priority order of the distributed power sources according to the embodiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the priority order of the distributed power sources according to the embodiment. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the priority order of the distributed power sources according to the embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining the burden rate according to the embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a communication method according to the embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0014] Hereinafter, the embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description of the drawings, the same or similar parts are denoted by the same or similar reference numerals. However, the drawings are schematic.
[0015] [Embodiment] (Power Management System) A power management system according to an embodiment will be described below. The power management system may be simply referred to as a power system.
[0016] As shown in FIG. 1, the power management system 1 includes a facility 100 and a power management server 200.
[0017] Here, the facility 100 and the power management server 200 are configured to be able to communicate with each other via a network 11. The network 11 may include the Internet, a dedicated line such as a Virtual Private Network (VPN), or a mobile communication network.
[0018] The facility 100 is connected to the power system 12, and may receive power from the power system 12, or may supply power to the power system 12. Power from the power system 12 to the facility 100 may be referred to as forward flow power, purchased power, or demanded power. Power from the facility 100 to the power system 12 may be referred to as reverse flow power or sold power. In FIG. 1, facilities 100A to 100C are illustrated as examples of the facility 100.
[0019] Although not particularly limited, the facility 100 may be a facility such as a residence, a facility such as a store, or a facility such as an office. The facility 100 may be an apartment building including two or more residences. The facility 100 may be a complex including at least two or more of the following facilities: a residence, a store, and an office. Details of the facility 100 will be described later (see FIG. 2).
[0020] The power management server 200 is managed by a business operator who manages power related to the power system 12. The business operator may be a power generation business operator, a power transmission and distribution business operator, or a retail business operator. The business operator may be a resource aggregator (hereinafter, RA), or an aggregation coordinator (AC) that manages the RA. The RA may be a business operator who adjusts the power supply and demand balance of the power system 12. The adjustment of the power supply and demand balance may include a transaction (hereinafter, negawatt trading) in which reduced power of the demand power (flow power) of the facility 100 is exchanged for value. The adjustment of the power supply and demand balance may include a transaction in which increased power of reverse flow power is exchanged for value. In the VPP, the RA may be a business operator such as a power generation business operator, a power transmission and distribution business operator, or a retail business operator.
[0021] In the embodiment, communication between the power management server 200 and the gateway device 160 is performed according to a first protocol. On the other hand, communication between the gateway device 160 and the distributed power source (the solar cell device 110, the power storage device 120, or the fuel cell device 130) is performed according to a second protocol different from the first protocol. For example, the first protocol may be a protocol conforming to Open ADR (Automated Demand Response) or a unique dedicated protocol. For example, the second protocol may be a protocol conforming to ECHONET Lite (registered trademark), SEP (Smart Energy Profile) 2.0, KNX, or a unique dedicated protocol. Note that the first protocol and the second protocol may be different from each other, and may be, for example, both of which may be unique dedicated protocols, provided that they are protocols created according to different rules. However, the first protocol and the second protocol may be protocols created according to the same rules.
[0022] (facility) A facility according to the embodiment will be described below. As shown in Fig. 2, the facility 100 includes a solar cell device 110, a power storage device 120, a fuel cell device 130, a load device 140, and a gateway device 160. The facility 100 may include at least one of a measuring device 190A and a measuring device 190B.
[0023] The solar cell device 110 is a distributed power source that generates power in response to light such as sunlight. For example, the solar cell device 110 is configured with a PCS (Power Conditioning System) and a solar panel. Here, installation may mean that the solar cell device 110 and the power grid 12 are connected.
[0024] The power storage device 120 is a distributed power source that charges and discharges power. For example, the power storage device 120 is configured with a PCS and a power storage cell. Here, the term "installed" may mean that the power storage device 120 and the power grid 12 are connected to each other.
[0025] In the embodiment, the power storage device 120 is a distributed power source installed in the facility 100 connected to the power grid 12, and is an example of a distributed power source used to maintain the frequency of the power grid 12.
[0026] The fuel cell device 130 is a distributed power source that generates power using fuel. For example, the fuel cell device 130 is composed of a PCS and a fuel cell. Here, "installation" may mean that the fuel cell device 130 and the power system 12 are connected.
[0027] For example, the fuel cell device 130 may be a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC; Solid Oxide Fuel Cell), a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC; Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell), a phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC; Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell), or a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC; Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell).
[0028] The load device 140 is a device that consumes power. For example, the load device 140 may include an air conditioner that adjusts the temperature of a predetermined space in the facility 100, or may include a lighting device that adjusts the illuminance of a predetermined space in the facility 100. The load device 140 may include a video device, an audio device, a refrigerator, a washing machine, a personal computer, and the like.
[0029] The gateway device 160 communicates with the power management server 200 and with the power storage device 120. The gateway device 160 may be referred to as a VPP controller. The gateway device 160 may have a function of managing power related to the facility 100. The gateway device 160 may have a function of controlling the solar cell device 110, the power storage device 120, the fuel cell device 130, and the load devices 140. In such a case, the gateway device 160 may be referred to as an EMS (Energy Management System), a LEMS (Local EMS), or a HEMS (Home EMS).
[0030] The measuring device 190A measures at least one of the forward flow power from the power system 12 to the facility 100 and the reverse flow power from the facility 100 to the power system 12. For example, the measuring device 190A may be a smart meter belonging to a power company. The measuring device 190A may transmit an information element indicating a measurement result (an integrated value of forward flow power or reverse flow power) in a first interval (e.g., 30 minutes) to the gateway device 160 at the first interval. The measuring device 190A may transmit an information element indicating a measurement result in a second interval (e.g., 1 minute) shorter than the first interval to the gateway device 160.
[0031] The measuring device 190B measures at least one of the power output (discharged) from the power storage device 120 and the power input (charged) to the power storage device 120. For example, the measuring device 190B may be a CT (Current Transformer). The measuring device 190B may be a measuring device certified by a third party.
[0032] (Electricity storage device) The power storage device according to the embodiment will be described below. As shown in Fig. 3, the power storage device 120 includes a BT 121, a monitoring unit 122, a communication unit 123, and a control unit 124. Although omitted in Fig. 3, the power storage device 120 may include a PCS.
[0033] BT121 is a storage cell included in the power storage device 120.
[0034] The monitoring unit 122 monitors the frequency of the power system 12. For example, the monitoring unit 122 is connected to a measuring device installed between the power system 12 and the power storage device 120, and monitors the frequency of the power measured by the measuring device. The measuring device may be the measuring device 190A described above, or may be the measuring device 190B described above. The measuring device may be installed in the same position as the measuring device 190A described above.
[0035] The communication unit 123 is configured by a communication module. The communication module may be a wireless communication module conforming to standards such as IEEE802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax, ZigBee, Wi-SUN, LTE, 5G, and 6G, or may be a wired communication module conforming to standards such as IEEE802.3 or a unique dedicated protocol.
[0036] In the embodiment, the communication unit 123 constitutes a communication unit that executes communication of a command including an information element specifying a type of measurement method of a reference power referenced in the control of the power storage device 120 with the gateway device 160. The communication unit 123 may execute communication of a command including an information element specifying a target power used in the control of the power storage device 120 with the gateway device 160.
[0037] The control unit 124 may include at least one processor. The at least one processor may be configured by a single integrated circuit (IC), or may be configured by a plurality of circuits (such as integrated circuits and / or discrete circuits) communicatively connected to each other.
[0038] The control unit 124 controls the BT 121. In an embodiment, the control unit 124 may control charging or discharging of the power storage device 120 in supply and demand adjustment control for maintaining the frequency of the power grid 12. The control unit 124 may control charging or discharging of the power storage device 120 in control other than supply and demand adjustment control (hereinafter, energy management control).
[0039] First, the supply and demand adjustment control may include a first control that controls the power storage device 120 (BT121) in the facility 100. The first control may be a control that autonomously executes charging and discharging of the power storage device 120 (BT121) based on the frequency of the power grid 12 monitored by the monitoring unit 122. The first control may be a short-cycle control (e.g., GF) described later. The adjustment capability of the frequency of the power grid 12 by the first control may be referred to as a primary adjustment capability.
[0040] Secondly, the supply and demand adjustment control may include a second control for controlling the power storage device 120 (BT121) from outside the facility 100. The second control may be a control for directly executing charging and discharging of the power storage device 120 (BT121) by the power management server 200. The second control may be a medium-term control (e.g., LFC) described later. The adjustment capability of the frequency of the power system 12 by the second control may be referred to as a secondary adjustment capability.
[0041] The energy management control may be control related to management of power demand of the facility 100 in which the power storage device 120 is installed. The energy management control may be control that reduces an error with respect to a planned value of the power demand of the facility 100. The energy management control may be referred to as energy management control.
[0042] Although not particularly limited, the error with respect to the planned value of the power demand may be an error between the planned value of the power demand and the actual value of the power demand, or an error between the planned value of the power demand and the predicted value of the power demand. The predicted value of the power demand may be a value predicted at a timing later than the timing when the planned value of the power demand is formulated.
[0043] For example, a period during which supply and demand adjustment control may be applied may be defined as a target period (e.g., one day). In such a case, the planned value of the power demand may include a plan formulated at a timing prior to the target period (e.g., 12:00 on the day before the target period). The forecasted value of the power demand may include a value predicted at a timing prior to a unit period (e.g., a 30-minute period) included in the target period (e.g., one hour before the unit period).
[0044] In an embodiment, the control unit 124 controls at least one of the discharge power and the charge power of the BT 121 in supply and demand adjustment control (e.g., LFC described later) and energy management control so that the power measured by the measurement method specified by the gateway device 160 approaches the target power specified by the gateway device 160.
[0045] (Gateway device) A gateway device according to an embodiment will be described below. As shown in Fig. 4, the gateway device 160 includes a first communication unit 161, a second communication unit 162, and a control unit 163. In the embodiment, the gateway device 160 is an example of a communication device.
[0046] The first communication unit 161 is configured by a communication module. The communication module may be a wireless communication module conforming to standards such as IEEE802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax, ZigBee, Wi-SUN, LTE, 5G, and 6G, or may be a wired communication module conforming to standards such as IEEE802.3 or a unique dedicated protocol.
[0047] In the embodiment, the first communication unit 161 constitutes a first communication unit that executes communication with the power management server 200 via the network 11. The power management server 200 manages a distributed power source (in the embodiment, the power storage device 120) used to maintain the frequency of the power grid 12.
[0048] The second communication unit 162 is configured by a communication module. The communication module may be a wireless communication module conforming to standards such as IEEE802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax, ZigBee, Wi-SUN, LTE, 5G, and 6G, or may be a wired communication module conforming to standards such as IEEE802.3 or a proprietary protocol.
[0049] The second communication unit 162 may communicate with the solar cell device 110, the power storage device 120, and the fuel cell device 130. Although signal lines are omitted in Fig. 2, the second communication unit 162 may communicate with the load device 140, and may communicate with the measuring device 190A and the measuring device 190B.
[0050] In the embodiment, the second communication unit 162 constitutes a second communication unit that communicates with a distributed power source (the power storage device 120 in the embodiment) used to maintain the frequency of the power grid 12.
[0051] First, the second communication unit 162 executes communication with the power storage device 120 of a command (hereinafter, a first command) including an information element specifying the type of measurement method of the reference power referenced in the control of the power storage device 120. The first command may include a command for setting information in the power storage device 120 (SET command), or may include a command for requesting information from the power storage device 120 (GET command).
[0052] The control of the power storage device 120 may include supply and demand adjustment control and energy management control. The supply and demand adjustment control may include a first control (for example, GF) and a second control (for example, LFC).
[0053] The method of measuring the reference power may include a first method of measuring at least one of power (forward flow power) supplied from the power grid 12 to the facility 100 and power (reverse flow power) supplied from the facility 100 to the power grid 12. The first method may be a method of measuring power by the measuring device 190A, or a method of measuring power by a measuring device installed in the same position as the measuring device 190A. Hereinafter, the first method may be referred to as power receiving point measurement.
[0054] The method of measuring the reference power may include a second method of measuring at least one of the power (discharge power) output (discharged) from the power storage device 120 and the power (charge power) input (charged) to the power storage device 120. The second method may be a method of measuring the power by the measuring device 190B. Hereinafter, the second method may be referred to as device-specific measurement.
[0055] That is, when the first method is specified, the reference power is at least one of forward flow power and reverse flow power, and when the second method is specified, the reference power is at least one of discharging power and charging power.
[0056] Here, the method of measuring the reference power referred to in the supply and demand adjustment control may be different from the method of measuring the reference power referred to in the energy management control.
[0057] Secondly, the second communication unit 162 executes communication of a command (hereinafter, a second command) including an information element specifying a target power used in controlling the power storage device 120 with the power storage device 120. The second command may include a command for setting information in the power storage device 120 (SET command), or may include a command for requesting information from the power storage device 120 (GET command).
[0058] When the first method is specified, the target power is at least one of forward flow power and reverse flow power, and when the second method is specified, the target power is at least one of discharging power and charging power.
[0059] In this way, the type of measurement method for the reference power and the target power to be measured by the specified measurement method are specified by the combination of the first command and the second command.
[0060] Here, the case where the first command and the second command are separate commands has been exemplified, but the first command and the second command may be integrated into one third command. That is, the third command may be a command specifying a target power for power measured by the first method, or a command specifying a target power for power measured by the second method. Even in such a case, the third command is considered to be a command including an information element specifying the type of measurement method for the reference power to be referred to in the control of the power storage device 120.
[0061] The control unit 163 controls the gateway device 160. The control unit 163 may include at least one processor. The at least one processor may be configured by a single integrated circuit (IC), or may be configured by a plurality of circuits (such as integrated circuits and / or discrete circuits) communicatively connected.
[0062] The control unit 163 may control the solar cell device 110, the power storage device 120, and the fuel cell device 130. The control unit 163 may control the load device 140. For example, the control unit 163 may control charging and discharging of the power storage device 120 based on a control command received from the power management server 200. A control command related to a second control (e.g., LFC), which is one of the supply and demand adjustment controls, may be received from the power management server 200 for the purpose of maintaining the frequency of the power grid 12. A control command related to energy management control may be received from the power management server 200 in accordance with a charge and discharge plan formulated for the purpose of energy management of the facility 100. The control command may include a target power of the discharge power or charge power of the power storage device 120.
[0063] (Power Management Server) The power management server according to the embodiment will be described below. As shown in FIG.
[0064] The communication unit 210 is configured by a communication module. The communication module may be a wireless communication module conforming to standards such as IEEE802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax, ZigBee, Wi-SUN, LTE, 5G, and 6G, or may be a wired communication module conforming to standards such as IEEE802.3.
[0065] For example, the communication unit 210 may communicate with the facility 100 (the power storage device 120 or the gateway device 160).
[0066] First, the communication unit 210 may receive information indicating a behavior of the facility 100 related to the supply and demand adjustment control (hereinafter, first behavior information) from the facility 100. The first behavior information may include information indicating whether or not the facility 100 wishes to participate in the supply and demand adjustment control, or may include information indicating whether or not the facility 100 wishes to actively contribute to the supply and demand adjustment control.
[0067] Secondly, the communication unit 210 may receive information indicating the behavior of the facility 100 regarding the energy management control (hereinafter, second behavior information) from the facility 100. The second behavior information may include information indicating whether or not to execute the energy management control while securing the amount of supply that the power storage device 120 can supply regarding the supply and demand adjustment control, may include information indicating whether or not to execute the energy management control as determined by the planned value of the power demand of the facility 100, and may include information indicating whether or not to execute the energy management control so as to reduce an error with respect to the planned value of the power demand of the facility 100.
[0068] The management unit 220 is configured with a storage medium such as a hard disk drive (HDD), a solid state drive (SSD), or a non-volatile memory.
[0069] The management unit 220 manages information related to the facility 100. For example, the information related to the facility 100 includes the type of distributed power source (solar cell device 110, power storage device 120, or fuel cell device 130) provided in the facility 100, the specifications of the distributed power source (solar cell device 110, power storage device 120, or fuel cell device 130) provided in the facility 100, and the like. The specifications may include the rated power generation of the solar cell device 110, the rated charging power of the power storage device 120, the rated discharging power of the power storage device 120, and the rated output power of the fuel cell device 130. The specifications may include the rated capacity of the power storage device 120, the maximum charging and discharging power, and the like.
[0070] The control unit 230 may include at least one processor. The at least one processor may be configured by a single integrated circuit (IC), or may be configured by a plurality of circuits (such as integrated circuits and / or discrete circuits) communicatively connected to each other.
[0071] For example, the control unit 230 may identify a target distributed power source to be used in supply and demand adjustment control for maintaining the frequency of the power grid 12. The control unit 230 determines the priority order of the distributed power source identified as the target distributed power source based on at least one of a first priority order of the distributed power source related to supply and demand adjustment control and a second priority order of the distributed power source related to energy management control other than supply and demand adjustment control. The details of the priority order of the distributed power sources will be described later.
[0072] (Frequency fluctuation adjustment) The following describes the adjustment of the fluctuation in frequency of the power system 12 according to the embodiment.
[0073] As shown in Fig. 6, the control related to the frequency fluctuation adjustment differs for each fluctuation period to be adjusted. Specifically, the control related to the frequency fluctuation adjustment includes short-period control in which the fluctuation period to be adjusted is a short period (e.g., about several tens of seconds to several minutes), medium-period control in which the fluctuation period to be adjusted is a medium period longer than the short period (e.g., about several minutes to several tens of minutes), and long-period control in which the fluctuation period to be adjusted is a long period longer than the medium period (e.g., about several tens of minutes to several hours).
[0074] Here, the short-cycle control may be called GF (Governor Free). The short-cycle control is a control for eliminating supply and demand fluctuations that cannot be followed by the medium-cycle control. For example, such supply and demand fluctuations may cause the operation of an adjustable power source that operates under short-cycle control to stop.
[0075] The medium-term control may be called Load Frequency Control (LFC) or Automatic Frequency Control (AFC). The medium-term control is a control for eliminating supply and demand fluctuations that are difficult to predict.
[0076] The long-cycle control may be called DPC (Dispatching Power Control) or EDC (Economic Load Dispatching Control). The long-cycle control is a control for eliminating supply and demand fluctuations based on supply and demand prediction.
[0077] Although not particularly limited, the supply and demand adjustment control in which the power storage device 120 autonomously controls charging and discharging based on the frequency of the power grid 12 may be applied to the short-period control (for example, GF) described above.
[0078] (Supply and demand adjustment control and energy management control) In the above-mentioned background, a case will be considered in which both supply and demand adjustment control and energy management control are taken into consideration. In the following, a case will be mainly described in which the distributed power source used in the supply and demand adjustment control and the energy management control is the power storage device 120. Therefore, the target distributed power source may be referred to as the target power storage device 120.
[0079] In such a case, if it is assumed that the power storage devices 120 that wish to participate in a first control (for example, GF), which is one type of supply and demand adjustment control, uniformly execute the first control, the following problem occurs.
[0080] First, the power storage device 120 needs to always secure the supplyable amount in order to respond to the first control. Therefore, in reality, it is necessary to secure the supplyable amount even during a period when the first control is not required, and in the energy management control, the remaining power obtained by subtracting the supplyable power from the rated power of the power storage device 120 can only be used. For example, in the actual situation where the frequency fluctuation is within ±0.2 Hz in 99% or more of the target period in which the first control can be applied, and assuming a case where the adjustment rate is 5%, only about 8% of the supplyable amount is used in the first control. In other words, even though there is a room to use the supplyable amount in the energy management control, the supplyable amount is always secured, so the power storage device 120 cannot be used effectively.
[0081] Secondly, a method can be considered in which the power management server 200 dynamically controls the power storage device 120 to efficiently execute the first control and the energy management control, but the first control requires measuring the charge / discharge power of the power storage device 120 at a granularity of 0.3% of the available supply amount, and therefore the load on the power management server 200 to acquire the charge / discharge power of the power storage device 120 at a granularity of 0.3% is extremely large. Therefore, it is better to select the target power storage device 120 in advance and leave the operation of the first control itself to the autonomous operation of the target power storage device 120.
[0082] In the embodiment, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the power management server 200 specifies in advance a target power storage device 120 to be used in the first control from among the power storage devices 120 installed in each of two or more facilities 100.
[0083] (Distributed power source priority) The following describes the priority order of the power storage device 120 according to the embodiment. Since the target power storage device 120 is specified by the power management server 200, the operation of the control unit 230 of the power management server 200 will be mainly described.
[0084] First, the control unit 230 may specify a first priority of the power storage device 120 based on the above-mentioned first behavior information.
[0085] The first priority may be defined by a factor indicating whether or not a contribution to the first control is actively desired. For example, the first priority of a power storage device 120 that actively desires to contribute to the first control may be higher than the first priority of a power storage device 120 that does not actively desire to contribute to the first control (hereinafter, judgment criterion 1-A).
[0086] Secondly, the control unit 230 may specify a second priority of the power storage device 120 based on the above-mentioned second behavior information.
[0087] The second priority may be defined by an element indicating whether or not the energy management control is executed while securing an available supply amount (i.e., an available charge / discharge amount) that the power storage device 120 can supply for the first control. The second priority of the power storage device 120 that executes the energy management control while securing an available supply amount for the first control may be higher than the second priority of the power storage device 120 that executes the energy management control without securing an available supply amount for the first control (hereinafter, judgment criterion 2-A).
[0088] The second priority may be defined by an element indicating whether or not to execute energy management control as determined by the planned value of power demand of the facility 100. The second priority of the power storage device 120 that executes energy management control as determined by the planned value of power demand of the facility 100 may be higher than the second priority of the power storage device 120 that does not execute energy management control as determined by the planned value of power demand of the facility 100 (hereinafter, judgment criterion 2-B).
[0089] The second priority may be defined by an element indicating whether or not to execute energy management control so as to reduce an error from the planned value of the power demand of the facility 100. The second priority of the power storage device 120 that does not execute energy management control so as to reduce an error from the planned value of the power demand of the facility 100 may be higher than the second priority of the power storage device 120 that executes energy management control so as to reduce an error from the planned value of the power demand of the facility 100 (hereinafter, judgment criterion 2-C).
[0090] Furthermore, the second priority may be defined by a combination of the above-mentioned criteria 2A to 2C. For example, the second priority of the power storage device 120 that executes energy management control as determined by the planned value of the power demand of the facility 100 may be higher than the second priority of the power storage device 120 that executes energy management control while securing the supplyable amount for the first control (hereinafter, criterion 2-D). The second priority of the power storage device 120 that executes energy management control while securing the supplyable amount for the first control may be higher than the second priority of the power storage device 120 that executes energy management control so as to reduce an error with respect to the planned value of the power demand of the facility 100 (hereinafter, criterion 2-E).
[0091] Here, the first priority and the second priority are priorities for determining the order of priority of the power storage device 120 identified as the target power storage device 120 to be used in the first control. Therefore, it should be noted that the second priority is not the priority of the power storage device 120 to be used in the energy management control, but the priority of the power storage device 120 to be used in the first control. The priority of the power storage device 120 to be used in the energy management control may be considered to be in the reverse order of the priority of the power storage device 120 to be used in the first control (i.e., the second priority).
[0092] Third, the control unit 230 determines the priority order of the power storage device 120 based on at least one of the first priority order and the second priority order. That is, the control unit 230 determines the priority order of the power storage device 120 based on one or more criteria selected from among the criteria 1-A and the criteria 2A to 2E.
[0093] Here, the control unit 230 may identify a target power storage device 120 from among the power storage devices 120 that wish to participate in the first control. The control unit 230 may identify a target power storage device 120 for each fluctuation range of the frequency of the power grid 12 for which the first control is requested. The target power storage device 120 for each fluctuation range may be identified based on the priority order of the power storage devices 120 (i.e., at least one of the first priority and the second priority).
[0094] 7, a case will be illustrated in which the available supply amount (total) of the power storage device 120 managed by the power management server 200 is ±1000 kW, the frequency of the power grid 12 is 50 Hz, and the adjustment rate is 5%. In such a case, when the frequency fluctuation is 2.5 Hz, it is required that the power storage device 120 managed by the power management server 200 discharges 1000 kW of power. Although not particularly limited, a predetermined range (-0.01 to +0.01 Hz) may be a dead band.
[0095] Here, the control unit 230 specifies the power storage device #A as the target power storage device 120 to be used in the fluctuation range of -0.2 Hz or less and -0.2 to 1.25 Hz, specifies the power storage device #B as the target power storage device 120 to be used in the fluctuation range of -0.2 Hz or less and 1.25 to 2.0 Hz, and specifies the power storage device #C as the target power storage device 120 to be used in the fluctuation range of -0.2 Hz or less and 2.0 to 2.5 Hz. As for the priority used in the first control, the priority of the power storage device #A is higher than the priority of the power storage device #B, and the priority of the power storage device #B is higher than the priority of the power storage device #C. Each of the power storage devices #A to #C may include at least one target power storage device 120. The power storage devices #A to #C may be considered as groups #A to #C.
[0096] Under such a premise, the control unit 230 specifies the target power storage devices 120 belonging to each of the groups #A to #C based on the first priority and the second priority. For example, the control unit 230 may specify, as the target power storage devices 120 belonging to the group #A, a power storage device 120 that positively desires to contribute to the first control and executes energy management control as determined by the planned value of the power demand of the facility 100. The control unit 230 may specify, as the target power storage devices 120 belonging to the group #B, a power storage device 120 that positively desires to contribute to the first control and executes energy management control while securing a supplyable amount for the first control. The control unit 230 may specify, as the target power storage devices 120 belonging to the group #C, a power storage device 120 that does not positively desire to contribute to the first control and executes energy management control so as to reduce an error with respect to the planned value of the power demand of the facility 100.
[0097] For example, in a case where the available supply amount of the target power storage device 120 belonging to group #A is ±500 kW, the target power storage device 120 belonging to group #A executes the first control in a fluctuation range of −0.2 or less and −0.2 to 1.25 Hz, as shown in Fig. 8. In such a case, it should be noted that the adjustment rate (positive side) applied to the target power storage device 120 belonging to group #A needs to be changed from 5% to 2.5%.
[0098] For example, in a case where the available supply amount of the target power storage device 120 belonging to group #B is ±300 kW, the target power storage device 120 belonging to group #B executes the first control in a fluctuation range of less than -0.2 and 1.25 to 2.0 Hz, as shown in Fig. 9. In such a case, it should be noted that the adjustment rate (positive side) applied to the target power storage device 120 belonging to group #B needs to be changed from 5% to 4%, and 0 to 1.25 Hz needs to be set as the dead band.
[0099] For example, in a case where the available supply amount of the target power storage device 120 belonging to group #C is ±200 kW, the target power storage device 120 belonging to group #C executes the first control in a fluctuation range of less than -0.2 and 2.0 to 2.5, as shown in Fig. 10. In such a case, it should be noted that it is necessary to leave the adjustment rate (positive side) applied to the target power storage device 120 belonging to group #C unchanged at 5%, and to set 0 to 2.0 Hz as the dead band.
[0100] In the example shown in Figures 8 to 10, in the fluctuation range of -0.2 to 0 Hz, only the target power storage devices 120 belonging to group #A execute the first control, and only the target power storage devices 120 belonging to groups #B and #C do not need to execute the first control.
[0101] Here, focusing on the fluctuation range of -0.2 to 0 Hz, the behavior of the target power storage devices 120 belonging to groups #A to #C will be described. Here, the reference value is the charge / discharge amount of the power storage device 120 used for calculating the available supply amount, and the actual value is the charge / discharge amount of the power storage device 120 obtained as a result of the first control or the energy management control.
[0102] As shown in Fig. 11, the target power storage devices 120 belonging to group #A execute the first control based on the reference value, and therefore the performance value may vary based on the reference value in order to maintain the frequency of the power grid 12. On the other hand, the target power storage devices 120 belonging to groups #B and #C have room to execute the energy management control, and the performance value may deviate from the reference value due to the energy management control. That is, the target power storage devices 120 belonging to groups #B and #C can be effectively used for the energy management control. Note that Fig. 11 illustrates a case in which the frequency deviation falls within the dead band (e.g., -0.1 to 1.0 Hz) before time t, and falls below -0.2 Hz after time t.
[0103] Here, the frequency of switching between charging and discharging required by the energy management control may be lower than the frequency of switching between charging and discharging required by the first control. In such a configuration, deterioration of the target power storage devices 120 belonging to group #A is unavoidable, but deterioration of the target power storage devices 120 belonging to groups #B and #C can be suppressed.
[0104] (Cost rate) The burden rate according to the embodiment will be described below. As described above, in the first control (for example, GF), which is one of the supply and demand adjustment controls, the power (discharge power or charge power) of the power storage device 120 with respect to the frequency deviation of the power grid 12 differs for each group. In order to realize such control, a burden rate for each group may be introduced to define the power (discharge power or charge power) of the power storage device 120 with respect to the frequency deviation of the power grid 12 for each group. The burden rate is a value for converting the adjustment rate into a value for each group. The burden rate may be interpreted as a burden function for each group that defines the burden rate. Specifically, the control will be described with reference to FIG. 12.
[0105] 12, the power management server 200 transmits an adjustment ratio common to two or more facilities 100 (power storage devices 120) to the gateway device 160. Each gateway device 160 transmits a command including an information element specifying the adjustment ratio received from the power management server 200 to the power storage device 120. The adjustment ratio may be represented by a function (control function) of a control command with respect to the frequency deviation of the power grid 12.
[0106] 12, the gateway device 160 transmits a command including an information element specifying a burden function individually determined for the facility 100 (power storage device 120) to the power storage device 120. The control command may be a command transmitted from the power management server 200 to the gateway device 160. The output command may be considered to be at least one of the power actually output (discharged) from the power storage device 120 and the power actually input (discharged) to the power storage device 120.
[0107] Here, the burden function may be received from the power management server 200 or may be set in advance in the gateway device 160. The burden function may be expressed by a function of a control command (x-axis) and an output command (y-axis). The burden function may be specified by an information element that specifies the coordinates of at least two points in a coordinate space defined by the x-axis and the y-axis. For example, as shown in FIG. 12, the burden function may be specified by two coordinates, (x1, y1) and (x5, y5), as in the burden function of group #A. The burden function may be specified by four coordinates, (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x4, y4), and (x5, y5), as in the burden functions of group #B and group #C.
[0108] As a result, as shown on the right side of FIG. 12 (control image), power storage device 120 can realize the above-mentioned controls shown in FIGS. 8 to 10 by using the burden function.
[0109] Here, a case where a burden function is applied to a first control (e.g., GF) has been described, but the burden function may be applied to a second control (e.g., LFC). The burden function applied to the second control may be the same as the burden function applied to the first control, or may be set separately from the burden function applied to the first control. For example, in the second control, a power in which the burden function is reflected in the target power included in the control command may be used as the target power used in the control of the power storage device 120.
[0110] (Communication Method) A communication method according to an embodiment will be described below.
[0111] First, the energy management control will be described.
[0112] 13, in step S10, the power management server 200 transmits a control command related to energy management control to the gateway device 160. The control command may include an information element that specifies a target power to be used in the energy management control.
[0113] In step S11A, the gateway device 160 transmits to the power storage device 120 a first command (SET command) including an information element specifying the type of measurement method of the reference power referenced in the energy management control. The gateway device 160 transmits to the power storage device 120 a second command (SET command) including an information element specifying the target power used in the energy management control. As described above, the first command and the second command may be integrated into one third command. The target power used in the energy management control may be referred to as an AC energy management charge / discharge target value.
[0114] In step S11B, the gateway device 160 receives from the power storage device 120 a response command (SET response) to the SET command.
[0115] The measurement method of the reference power and the target power are set in the power storage device 120 by the processes of steps S11A and S11B.
[0116] In step S12, the power storage device 120 executes energy management control. Specifically, the power storage device 120 measures power according to the measurement method of the reference power specified in step S11, and controls at least one of the discharge power and the charge power of the power storage device 120 (BT121) so that the measured power approaches the target power.
[0117] In step S13A, gateway device 160 transmits a first command (GET command) including an information element specifying the type of measurement method of the reference power referenced in the energy management control to power storage device 120. Gateway device 160 transmits a second command (GET command) including an information element specifying the target power used in the energy management control to power storage device 120. As described above, the first command and the second command may be integrated into one third command.
[0118] In step S13B, gateway device 160 receives a response command (GET response) to the GET command from power storage device 120. The GET response includes an information element specifying the type of measurement method for the reference power set in power storage device 120. The GET response includes an information element specifying the target power set in power storage device 120.
[0119] In addition, when the gateway device 160 does not need to check the type of measurement method of the reference power and the target power, the processes of steps S13A and S13B may be omitted.
[0120] Secondly, the second control (for example, LFC), which is one of the supply and demand adjustment controls, will be described.
[0121] 13, in step S20, the power management server 200 transmits a control command related to the second control to the gateway device 160. The control command may include an information element that specifies a target power to be used in the second control.
[0122] In step S21A, gateway device 160 transmits a first command (SET command) including an information element specifying the type of measurement method of the reference power referenced in the second control to power storage device 120. Gateway device 160 transmits a second command (SET command) including an information element specifying the target power used in the second control to power storage device 120. As described above, the first command and the second command may be integrated into one third command. The target power used in the second control may be referred to as an AC charge / discharge power command value.
[0123] In step S21B, the gateway device 160 receives from the power storage device 120 a response command (SET response) to the SET command.
[0124] The measurement method of the reference power and the target power are set in the power storage device 120 by the processes of steps S21A and S21B.
[0125] In step S22, the power storage device 120 executes the second control. Specifically, the power storage device 120 measures power according to the measurement method of the reference power specified in step S21, and controls at least one of the discharge power and the charge power of the power storage device 120 (BT121) so that the measured power approaches the target power.
[0126] In step S23A, gateway device 160 transmits a first command (GET command) including an information element specifying the type of measurement method of the reference power referenced in the second control to power storage device 120. Gateway device 160 transmits a second command (GET command) including an information element specifying the target power to be used in the second control to power storage device 120. As described above, the first command and the second command may be integrated into one third command.
[0127] In step S23B, gateway device 160 receives a response command (GET response) to the GET command from power storage device 120. The GET response includes an information element specifying the type of measurement method for the reference power set in power storage device 120. The GET response includes an information element specifying the target power set in power storage device 120.
[0128] In addition, when the gateway device 160 does not need to check the type of measurement method of the reference power and the target power, the processes of steps S23A and S23B may be omitted.
[0129] Here, the method of measuring the reference power referred to in the supply and demand adjustment control may be different from the method of measuring the reference power referred to in the energy management control.
[0130] (Action and Effects) In the embodiment, the gateway device 160 transmits to the power storage device 120 a first command (or a third command) including an information element specifying the type of measurement method of the reference power referred to in the control of the power storage device 120. With such a configuration, even if two or more measurement methods of the reference power are assumed, such as power receiving point measurement and individual device measurement, it is possible to appropriately execute supply and demand adjustment control using the power storage device 120.
[0131] For example, by performing an operation in which individual device measurement is applied in the supply and demand adjustment control and power receiving point measurement is applied in the energy management control outside the period in which the supply and demand adjustment control is performed, it is possible to appropriately perform the supply and demand adjustment control while appropriately performing the energy management control. In other words, by using different measurement methods of the reference power between the supply and demand adjustment control and the energy management control, it is possible to appropriately perform both the supply and demand adjustment control and the energy management control.
[0132] Although not particularly limited, during a period in which supply and demand adjustment control is performed, individual device measurement may be applied in the energy management control as in the supply and demand adjustment control.
[0133] [Change Example 1] Modification 1 of the embodiment will be described below, focusing mainly on the differences from the above-described embodiment.
[0134] In the first modification, the gateway device 160 transmits a communication of a command (which may be referred to as a fourth command) including an information element specifying a threshold value of the frequency deviation of the power grid 12 to the power storage device 120. A first control (e.g., GF), which is one of the supply and demand adjustment controls, includes a control of increasing the output (discharge power) of the power storage device 120 to a specific power when the frequency deviation of the power grid 12 is equal to or lower than a threshold value. The specific power may be the maximum discharge power of the power storage device 120 or may be a predetermined power.
[0135] Here, a case where the frequency deviation of the power system 12 is equal to or less than the threshold value may be considered as a case where an abnormality occurs in the power system 12. Therefore, the threshold value may be referred to as an abnormality determination threshold value. The unit of the abnormality determination threshold value may be expressed in Hz. For example, in the case of Figs. 8 to 10, the abnormality determination threshold value is -0.2 Hz.
[0136] Here, the abnormality determination threshold may be a value having hysteresis. For example, the abnormality determination threshold may include a first threshold referenced in a case where the frequency deviation of the power grid 12 transitions in a smaller direction, and a second threshold referenced in a case where the frequency deviation of the power grid 12 transitions in a larger direction. The second threshold is greater than the first threshold. That is, when the frequency deviation of the power grid 12 falls below the first threshold, the power storage device 120 increases the discharge power of the power storage device 120 to the specific power. When the frequency deviation of the power grid 12 exceeds the second threshold, the power storage device 120 returns the discharge power of the power storage device 120 to the power before it was increased to the specific power.
[0137] Even in cases where the frequency deviation of the power system 12 changes near the abnormality determination threshold, the abnormality determination threshold is a value having hysteresis, so that it is possible to prevent the discharge power of all the power storage devices 120 from frequently increasing or decreasing.
[0138] When the frequency deviation of the power system 12 is equal to or less than the abnormality determination threshold (first threshold), the above-mentioned burden function does not need to be applied.
[0139] [Change Example 2] Modification 2 of the embodiment will be described below, focusing mainly on the differences from the above-described embodiment.
[0140] In the embodiment, the gateway device 160 transmits a command (which may be referred to as a fifth command) including an information element that specifies a control function (adjustment rate) common to two or more facilities 100 (power storage devices 120) and a burden function that is determined individually for each facility 100 (power storage device 120) to the power storage device 120. That is, the power (discharging power or charging power) of the power storage device 120 is controlled by the control function and the burden function.
[0141] In the second modification, the gateway device 160 transmits an information element specifying a function in which a burden function is reflected in a control function (hereinafter, individual function) to the power storage device 120. The individual function may be a function expressing the relationship between the frequency deviation and the output. That is, the individual function may be a function expressing the control image shown on the right side of FIG. 12.
[0142] According to such a configuration, the computational load on the power storage device 120 is reduced, and the amount of communication between the gateway device 160 and the power storage device 120 is also reduced.
[0143] [Other embodiments] Although the present invention has been described by the above-mentioned embodiment, the description and drawings forming a part of this disclosure should not be understood as limiting the present invention. From this disclosure, various alternative embodiments, examples and operating techniques will become apparent to those skilled in the art.
[0144] In the above disclosure, a case has been exemplified in which the distributed power source used to maintain the frequency of the power grid 12 (distributed power source used for supply and demand adjustment control) is the power storage device 120. However, the above disclosure is not limited to this. The distributed power source used for supply and demand adjustment control may be any distributed power source capable of adjusting output power, such as the fuel cell device 130.
[0145] Although not specifically mentioned in the above disclosure, when the distributed power source used to maintain the frequency of the power grid 12 (distributed power source used for supply and demand adjustment control) is the power storage device 120, the power or output of the power storage device 120 may be interpreted as discharging or charging as appropriate. In other words, negative power or negative output of the power storage device 120 may be considered as charging.
[0146] In the above disclosure, a case in which the first control is autonomously executed by the power storage device 120 has been exemplified. However, the above disclosure is not limited to this. The first control may be autonomously executed within the facility 100, and may be autonomously executed under the control of the gateway device 160.
[0147] In the above disclosure, the case where the gateway device 160 is installed in the facility 100 has been exemplified. However, the above disclosure is not limited to this. The gateway device 160 may be provided by a cloud service realized by a server or the like installed on the network 11.
[0148] Although not specifically mentioned in the above disclosure, when the first method (point of power receiving measurement) is applied in energy management control, load following control by the power storage device 120 can be realized by setting the target power of the power demand of the facility 100 to zero.
[0149] Although not specifically mentioned in the above disclosure, when the second method (individual device measurement) is applied to supply and demand adjustment control, the contribution to maintaining the frequency of the power grid 12 can be easily identified without being affected by an increase or decrease in the power consumption of the load device 140.
[0150] [Note] A first feature is a communication device for a distributed power source installed in a facility connected to a power grid, the communication device comprising: a first communication unit that communicates with a power management server that manages the distributed power source used in supply and demand adjustment control to maintain the frequency of the power grid; and a second communication unit that communicates with the distributed power source a command including an information element that specifies the type of measurement method of the reference power referenced in the control of the distributed power source.
[0151] A second feature is the communication device according to the first feature, wherein the control of the distributed power source includes energy management control related to management of power demand in the facility.
[0152] A third feature is the communication device according to the second feature, wherein a method of measuring the reference power referred to in the supply and demand adjustment control is different from a method of measuring the reference power referred to in the energy management control.
[0153] A fourth feature is a communication device in any one of the first to third features, wherein the measurement method includes a first method of measuring at least one of power supplied from the power system to the facility and power supplied from the facility to the power system, and a second method of measuring at least one of power output from the distributed power source and power input to the distributed power source.
[0154] A fifth feature is a communication device in any one of the first to fourth features, wherein the supply and demand adjustment control includes first control for controlling the power of the distributed power source within the facility, and second control for controlling the power of the distributed power source from outside the facility.
[0155] A sixth feature is the communication device of the fifth feature, wherein the second communication unit communicates with the distributed power source a command including an information element specifying a threshold value for a frequency deviation of the power grid, and the first control includes control to increase an output of the distributed power source to a specific power when the frequency deviation of the power grid is equal to or lower than the threshold value.
[0156] A seventh feature is the communication device according to the sixth feature, wherein the threshold value is a value having hysteresis.
[0157] An eighth feature is that the distributed power source is installed in a facility connected to a power grid, and includes a communication device that communicates with a power management server that manages the distributed power sources used in supply and demand adjustment control to maintain the frequency of the power grid, and a communication unit that communicates commands including an information element that specifies the type of measurement method for the reference power referenced in the control of the distributed power source.
[0158] A ninth feature is a communication method for a distributed power source installed in a facility connected to a power grid, the method comprising: step A of communicating with a power management server that manages the distributed power source used in supply and demand adjustment control to maintain a frequency of the power grid; and step B of communicating with the distributed power source a command including an information element that specifies a type of measurement method for a reference power referenced in the control of the distributed power source. [Explanation of symbols]
[0159] 1...power management system, 11...network, 12...power system, 100...facility, 110...solar cell device, 120...power storage device, 121...BT, 122...monitoring unit, 123...communication unit, 124...control unit, 130...fuel cell device, 140...load device, 160...gateway device, 190A...measuring device, 190B...measuring device, 200...power management server, 210...communication unit, 220...management unit, 230...control unit
Claims
1. A communication device that communicates with a distributed power source used in energy management control related to management of power demand of a facility connected to a power grid, a first communication unit that communicates with a power management server that manages the distributed power sources used in supply and demand adjustment control to maintain a frequency of the power grid; a second communication unit configured to transmit, to the distributed power source, a command including an information element that specifies a type of measurement method for a reference power that is referenced in controlling the distributed power source.
2. The communication device according to claim 1 , wherein a method of measuring the reference power referred to in the supply and demand adjustment control is different from a method of measuring the reference power referred to in the energy management control.
3. 2. The communication device according to claim 1, wherein the measurement method includes a first method of measuring at least one of the power supplied from the power system to the facility and the power supplied from the facility to the power system, and a second method of measuring at least one of the power output from the distributed power source and the power input to the distributed power source.
4. The communication device according to claim 1 , wherein the supply and demand adjustment control includes a first control for controlling the power of the distributed power source within the facility, and a second control for controlling the power of the distributed power source from outside the facility.
5. The second communication unit transmits a command including an information element specifying a threshold value of a frequency deviation of the power grid to the distributed power source, The communication device according to claim 4 , wherein the first control includes control for increasing an output of the distributed power source to a specific power when a frequency deviation of the power grid is equal to or lower than the threshold value.
6. The communication device according to claim 5 , wherein the threshold value is a value having hysteresis.
7. A communication method for communicating with a distributed power source used in energy management control related to management of power demand of a facility connected to a power grid, comprising: A step A of communicating with a power management server that manages the distributed power sources used in supply and demand adjustment control for maintaining a frequency of the power grid; A communication method comprising: a step B of transmitting, to the distributed power source, a command including an information element that specifies a type of measurement method for a reference power that is referenced in control of the distributed power source.