Float, float assembly, float adapter and interface, float vibrator, and grooving device and method

Abstract

To provide a concrete float, a float assembly, a float adapter and interface, and a float vibrator and a float vibration method.SOLUTION: This concrete float has an improved surface and a structure for controlling flowing of ready-mixed concrete. The interface inclusive in a quick fitting / releasing structure can be integrated on the float and / or added onto the float for quickly fitting / releasing a pivot assembly. The adaptor can facilitate assembly fitting or releasing, or may be a mutual engagement element of a slide-type joint or the like as a mutual engagement element. Alternatively, the adaptor can be used for installing the assembly under tension and securing the assembly.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] (CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS) This application is a continuation-in-part of and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 256,030, filed November 16, 2015, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 289,241, filed January 30, 2016, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 289,904, filed February 1, 2016, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 289,909, filed February 1, 2016, the contents of all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] (background) (Field) This relates to concrete floats, concrete float assemblies, adapters and interfaces for concrete floats, float vibrating devices, groover devices, and methods relating to the foregoing. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0003] (summary) One embodiment of a float vibrator for a concrete float has a vibration generator positioned below a horizontal plane that contains the axis used to pivot the float device. In one embodiment, the float vibrator has a central axis below the pivot axis, and in another embodiment, all of the components used to generate the vibration are located below the pivot axis. In another embodiment, the vibration in the float vibrator is generated at approximately 6,000 RPM.

[0004] In alternative embodiments of the pivoting or floating devices, the pivoting and / or floating devices may include a user display to display one or more parameters for the floating device. In one embodiment where the floating device includes a vibration generator, the display may indicate the frequency and / or amplitude of the vibration, and in a battery powered unit the display may also or alternatively be used to display the battery level.

[0005] One example of an interface between a concrete finishing tool, such as a float or groover, and a pivot arrangement or assembly for use with a concrete finishing tool, such as a float or groover, includes a quick attachment / release mechanism. In some configurations, the quick attachment / release mechanism or adapter can thus be passive, and in other configurations, the quick attachment / release mechanism or adapter can be active. As used herein, "passive" shall mean that once the mechanism or adapter for attachment of the concrete finishing tool and the pivot arrangement or assembly is aligned and ready to be secured, no manual action by the user is required to complete the securing. As used herein, "active" shall mean that once the mechanism or adapter for attachment of the concrete finishing tool and the pivot arrangement or assembly is aligned and ready to be secured, manual action by the user is required not only to initiate but also to complete the securing. Such active securing may include threading of fasteners, operation of cam locks, insertion and securing of pins, insertion of cotter pins, installation and securing of latches, and the like.

[0006] In some configurations of the quick attachment / release mechanism or adapter, and thus the longitudinally extending interengaging elements, once positioned or aligned for final attachment, may limit or restrict or prevent movement of the interengaging elements in a plane parallel to the float or groover while limiting or restricting or preventing movement of the interengaging elements away from the float or groover (away from a plane parallel to the float or groover). Such limiting, restricting or preventing movement may be accomplished by a number of mechanisms or configurations, including, but not limited to, dovetail grooves, asymmetric surfaces, magnetic components, detents, bayonet mounts, over-center structures, or the like. Such limiting, restricting or preventing movement may be accomplished prior to attachment or entirely without attachment of fasteners, locks, latches, slides, pins, or the like. In one embodiment, the quick attachment / release mechanism may include, for example, longitudinally extending interengaging elements that may engage one or more complementary structures and aid in the assembly of the float or groove device and pivot assembly. The longitudinally extending interengaging elements may be asymmetrical with respect to their longitudinal axis. In one configuration, the longitudinally extending interengaging elements may be assembled by sliding the engaging elements within the complementary components. In another configuration, the longitudinally extending interengaging elements may be implemented by inserting the engaging elements laterally and then fixing them laterally, for example by moving the complementary walls laterally and fixing the engaging elements in place.

[0007] In another embodiment of the interface between the concrete float or groover and the pivot assembly, the interface may be secured to the adjacent components by placing the interface under tension. In one embodiment, the interface elements are interengaging elements, interengagement with complementary components, and complementary components and interengaging elements placed under tension, for example, using threaded fasteners or fasteners, a cam arrangement, or other mechanisms. In a further embodiment, the complementary components and interengaging elements may extend longitudinally of one another and slidably engage with one another. In one embodiment, they may have a dovetail configuration or other groove arrangement. With the interengaging elements, structures or other features may be included to aid in alignment of the interengaging elements for easier assembly, such as entry walls, chutes, or converging entrances.

[0008] In an embodiment of a pivot assembly that may be used with a concrete float or groover, the pivot assembly may include a post tube having one or more recesses, cavities, or grooves for receiving a user's thumb or finger to disengage a detent for easier removal of the post from the post tube, in one embodiment. In another embodiment of a pivot assembly, the pivot assembly may include gears having about a 3.5:1 gear ratio or at least a 2:1 gear ratio, allowing the pivot assembly to move through its expected range of motion, for example, through one or less rotations of the post. Using a 3.5:1 gear ratio allows the pivot to move through its expected range of motion in about a quarter rotation of the post. In another embodiment, the pivot assembly may include a display to indicate the status of one or more components of the float device, for example, a battery of a vibration device.

[0009] In the example of adapters and interfaces for concrete tools, such as floats or groovers, the adapters and interfaces may be used to allow any tool, such as a float or groover, to be mounted on any pivot assembly or vice versa. Additionally, the adapters and interfaces may also be used to allow easy or quick attachment and / or release of the pivot assembly to the tool. The interfaces and adapter-mounted interfaces may be passive or active, and they may be configured to limit, restrict or prevent movement of the adapter in a plane parallel to the float or groover while at the same time limiting, restricting or preventing movement of the adapter away from the float or groover (away from a plane parallel to the float or groover) once positioned or aligned for final fastening. In one embodiment, the interface includes first and second facing components, the first component configured to be releasably or permanently mounted to the tool and the second component configured to be releasably or permanently mounted to a pivot assembly, e.g., the pivot assembly is a conventional pivot assembly used to manipulate and control the tool. In one configuration, the first component is configured to be secured to the tool, such as a float or groover, sufficiently to allow reliable steering and retention of the tool in the pivot assembly during normal operation, and may in some embodiments include a distributed mounting structure. In one embodiment, the distributed mounting structure may be a two-point mounting configuration, where the first component will be secured to the tool at at least two, and more if desired, points, and the two or more points are supported relative to each other by a framework that is a structural support for other means of supporting the tool through the first component. A three-point attachment structure is sufficient to define a plane between the three points, which may include a flat surface or a laterally extending plate for attachment to a tool, such as a float or grooving device, or a pyramidal structure extending from the plane between the three points or other geometric shape may be used to provide structure to the first component.In the embodiment illustrated herein, a four-point attachment structure is used for the first component, in part because many conventional floats have an existing four-point attachment structure, and the existing attachment configuration can be used to attach the first component to the float. The first component can include a flat or plate structure that will be attached to the float, and the flat or plate structure can provide the desired strength and reliability for the attachment. In one embodiment of the first component, the first component can include a male interengagement structure for receiving a complementary female interengagement structure, and in another embodiment of the first component, the first component can include a female interengagement structure for receiving a complementary male interengagement structure. Various means may be provided for securing the interengagement structures to each other. The first component can be any of the float or groover interfaces described herein, and the first component can be used in conjunction with any of the second component structures described herein, including any of the pivot assembly interfaces described herein.

[0010] In one configuration of a second component that may be used with any of the first components or float or groover interfaces described herein, the second component is configured to be secured to the pivot and / or vibrating assembly sufficiently to allow reliable support and control of a float to be attached, e.g., releasably attached, thereto. The second component can be any component configured to be attached to a pivot and / or vibrating assembly for use with a concrete tool, e.g., a concrete float or groover. In one example of the second component, the second component is one that can be releasably or permanently attached to a pivot or vibrating assembly for use with a concrete float or groover, and includes a mounting structure that can be mounted into a complementary structure on the tool, e.g., a float or groover, such as a complementary structure on the first component or interface, such as those described herein. Possible complementary structures may include dovetail joint configurations, mortise and tenon joint configurations, sandwiching of planar components secured to one another by posts that are normal to the planar components, assembled either to the side or front or rear and secured by pins, cover plates, or other fasteners, such as cotter pins, cam plates, and follower plates, where the planar components are secured to one another by a cam locking arrangement, where the planar components have one or more asymmetric surfaces, sandwiching of planar components, magnetic forces or latches, spring loaded detent retaining components, over-center latches or hasps and post or boss retaining components, bayonet mounts, expandable plates with locking, notched, or tooth structures that face one another and are secured by pins or other fasteners, and other complementary structures that may include similar complementary geometries.

[0011] The first and second components for use in coupling a pivot or vibrating assembly to a concrete tool, such as a float or groover, can be used together, for example, as a kit or assembly, such as an assembly that can be used to connect a conventional concrete float to a conventional pivot or vibrating assembly. The first and second components can have interfaces that interengage or allow them to be coupled together such that the pivot or vibrating assembly can be used to support and control a concrete float that is attached to one of the first and second components. The first component can be configured to be mountable to the concrete float and the second component can be configured to be mountable to the pivot or vibrating assembly. The first and second components can also be configured to provide quick attachment and quick release capabilities for the assembly, allowing easy separation of the concrete float from the pivot or vibrating assembly.

[0012] Examples of concrete floats are also described. In one example, the concrete float includes a first longitudinally extending surface configured to extend longitudinally and contact a concrete surface and a second longitudinally extending surface configured to contact another portion of the concrete surface, the float including a concave surface between the first and second longitudinally extending surfaces. In one configuration, when the first and second surfaces contact a respective portion of the concrete surface, the concave surface portion is spaced from an adjacent concrete surface portion even though the concave surface portion may indirectly contact the adjacent concrete due to moisture or skin formed on the surface of the concrete. In one configuration, the concrete float has only first and second longitudinally extending concrete contacting surfaces, while in other configurations, the concrete float can have more than two longitudinally extending concrete contacting surfaces with a respective concave surface between adjacent pairs of concrete contacting surfaces. In another configuration, the curvature of the concave surface may be symmetric between the first and second concrete contact surfaces, for example such that the depth of the concave surface is greatest halfway between the first and second concrete contact surfaces, and in another configuration, the curvature of the concave surface may be asymmetric between the first and second concrete contact surfaces, such that the depth of the concrete surface is greatest nearer one or the other of the first and second contact surfaces. In a concrete float having more than two longitudinally extending concrete contact surfaces and more than one concave surface, each concave surface may have the same curvature as each other concave surface, or the curvature of one concave surface may differ from the curvature of another concave surface. In each of the aforementioned configurations of a concrete float having a concave surface, one of the first and second longitudinally extending concrete contact surfaces may be considered the proximal contact surface and the other the distal contact surface relative to the user as the user pushes or pulls the float laterally relative to the longitudinally extending float.

[0013] In another embodiment of the concrete float, the concrete float has first and second longitudinally extending concrete contact surfaces, the first contact surface being a proximal contact surface and the second contact surface being a distal contact surface. The proximal contact surface is the surface on the float closer to the user when the float is being used relative to the distal contact surface on a portion of the float beyond the proximal contact surface opposite the user. The distal contact surface precedes the proximal contact surface when the float is pushed away from the user, and the proximal contact surface precedes the distal contact surface when the float is pushed towards the user. The float further includes a concave surface between the proximal and distal contact surfaces. The float further includes a longitudinally extending proximal edge adjacent the proximal contact surface, the proximal edge may also include a rounded or radiused surface or be an edge with an angle greater than a radius with an upwardly and proximally extending wall to reduce the possibility of cutting into the concrete surface. The proximal edge can extend away from the concrete contact surface a distance approximately equal to the material thickness of the float, or can extend away from the concrete contact surface a distance greater than the material thickness of the float, e.g., a half inch or an inch or more. After a rounded or radiused surface or an angled ramp surface, the proximal edge can extend either perpendicular to the concrete or at an angle, the proximal edge extends away from the concrete surface in a straight line, or along a curve, or in a combination of straight and curved surfaces. The float may include a distal edge adjacent the distal contact surface, which may be a flush edge, an angled edge, or a rounded or radiused edge, or may have other geometric shapes. For example, it is useful to have a distal edge that is configured to reduce the amount of upward creep of the epithelium along the surface of the distal edge due to surface tension, encouraging the epithelium to flow from the distal edge onto the concrete surface.

[0014] Another example of an accessory for a concrete finishing tool includes a removable structure, e.g., an end cap, for a concrete float. The end cap is configured to be directly engagable with the float and may have a weight and / or geometry that can affect vibrations in the float, e.g., that may be induced by a vibration source. The end cap may be formed from an engineered plastic, or from rubber, silicone, or other desired material.

[0015] The method of finishing concrete and the procedure for assembling an apparatus for finishing concrete can take several configurations. In one configuration, the concrete is finished using a float having a bottom surface facing the concrete surface with a first surface contacting the concrete surface and a second surface contacting the concrete surface, with a concave surface between the first and second surfaces. In one configuration, the concave surface extends to a side of the float. In another configuration, the float has multiple concave surfaces, and in one embodiment, each of the concave surfaces extends to a side of the float, and in another embodiment, the multiple concave surfaces are distributed across the float surface between the concrete contacting surfaces.

[0016] In another configuration, the concrete is finished using a float having a bottom surface facing the concrete surface, the float being moved distally and proximally away from and towards the user, the float including a proximal edge having an upwardly extending surface extending away from the concrete surface, the upwardly extending surface being one of a curved or angled surface that extends at an angle of at least 10° from the concrete surface, the float including a distal edge having an outwardly extending surface extending away from the concrete surface, the upwardly extending surface of the distal edge extending at an angle of at least 30° from the concrete surface. In one configuration, the outwardly extending surface of the distal edge extends at about 90° from the concrete surface. In one configuration, the float includes a concave surface between the proximal and distal edges, and the concrete surface is finished using the float with the concave surface facing the concrete surface. In a further configuration, the concrete surface is finished with the proximal edge facing the user after pivoting the float 180°, and after finishing the concrete, the proximal edge is in a position facing away from the user.

[0017] In another configuration, the concrete is finished using a float with a fluid nozzle on the float and the fluid is applied to the concrete surface. In one configuration, water is sprayed from a nozzle on the float onto the concrete surface. In another configuration, the concrete is finished using a float with a light source supported on the float.

[0018] In a further concrete finishing example, an apparatus for use in finishing concrete includes an interface component where a user mates a concrete finishing tool with a pivot assembly by moving the interface component laterally relative to the concrete finishing device and mating the concrete finishing device and the pivot assembly. In one example, the user moves the interface component approximately parallel to the plane of the finishing surface in the concrete finishing device, e.g., a plane parallel to the bottom of the float. In one example, the user mates the concrete finishing device and the pivot assembly using a channel, groove, mortise and tenon configuration, dovetail configuration, or similar engagement configuration.

[0019] In a further concrete finishing example, an apparatus for use in finishing concrete includes an interface component where a user mates a concrete finishing tool with a pivot assembly by using passive fastening. In one example, a user mates a concrete finishing tool with a pivot assembly by using one or more of a magnetic field, a detent, a motorized fastening, which may be activated by the user, but where fastening is completed by a motorized fastening, or a combination of the foregoing. Assembly of a concrete finishing tool with a pivot assembly using passive fastening can be complemented by additional fastening methods, including, but not limited to, fasteners, latches, locks, cam locks, slide locks, clamps, pins, and the like. In any of the examples of interface components described herein, the interface component can be integral with the finishing tool or pivot assembly, or can be removably attached in the form of an adapter or set of adapters.

[0020] In a further concrete finishing embodiment, a concrete finishing assembly includes a vibrating device with a central axis, the assembly includes a pivoting device having a pivoting axis, the pivoting axis being positioned a first distance away from a working surface of the concrete finishing tool, e.g., the bottom of a float, and the vibration central axis being a second distance away from the working surface less than the first distance. A user finishes the concrete with vibration generated from the vibration axis closer to the working surface of the concrete finishing tool. In an embodiment of the first and second distances, the first and second distances are measured normal to the working surface. In one embodiment, the vibrating device includes an eccentric lobe that rotates on a shaft concentric with the central axis. In another embodiment, the vibrating device is supported on a pivot distal to the pivoting axis.

[0021] In a further embodiment of the concrete finishing assembly, the concrete finishing tool is supported on a pivot assembly, and a user moves the concrete finishing tool through a range of angular motion by applying a quarter turn to a handle for the pivot assembly. In one embodiment, a pivot gear assembly in the pivot assembly includes a gear ratio of at least 2:1, and in another embodiment, 3.5:1. The present invention provides, for example, the following: (Item 1) 1. A longitudinally extending concrete finishing tool, the tool including a finishing surface on a first side of the tool and a longitudinally extending tool interface component integral with the finishing tool on a second side of the tool, the interface component configured such that non-threaded engagement of the tool interface component with a mating interface component from a pivot device limits movement of the mating interface component away from the finishing surface. (Item 2) Item 1 . The tool of item 1 , wherein the tool interface component comprises a passive interface component. (Item 3) 13. A tool according to any preceding item, wherein the tool interface component includes a component with a magnetic field. (Item 4) 13. The tool of any preceding item, wherein the tool interface component includes at least one detent formation. (Item 5) 13. A tool according to any preceding item, wherein the tool interface component includes a surface that extends at least partially upwardly and at an angle. (Item 6) 6. The tool of claim 5, wherein the at least partially upwardly and angled extending surface comprises a straight wall. (Item 7) 7. The tool of claim 6, wherein the straight wall extends at an angle relative to the finished surface. (Item 8) 7. The tool of claim 6, wherein the straight walls extend generally parallel to the finished surface. (Item 9) 7. The tool of claim 6, wherein the at least partially upwardly and angled extending surface comprises a curved surface. (Item 10) 13. The tool of any preceding item, further comprising at least one of a threaded fastener, a pin, a detent, a sliding lock, a pressure plate, a cotter pin, a twist lock, or a lever to secure the tool interface component and the mating interface component. (Item 11) 2. The tool of claim 1, wherein the tool interface component is configured to engage the tool interface component by moving the mating interface component generally parallel to the finishing surface. (Item 12) Item 12. The tool of item 11, wherein the interface component comprises a dovetail portion. (Item 13) Item 13. The tool of item 12, wherein the dovetail portion includes a surface that extends at least partially upwardly and at an angle. (Item 14) Item 14. The tool of item 13, wherein the at least partially upwardly and angled extending surface is both substantially straight and flat. (Item 15) Item 12. The tool of item 11, wherein the tool interface component includes an asymmetric cavity. (Item 16) Item 16. The tool of item 15, wherein the asymmetric cavity includes at least one slanted wall. (Item 17) 2. The tool of any preceding claim, wherein the concrete finishing tool is at least one of a concrete float and a groover. (Item 18) 1. A tool in the form of a concrete float having an upper surface and a finishing surface opposite the upper surface, the finishing surface including a first surface for contacting a concrete surface to be finished and a second surface for contacting the concrete to be finished, a portion of the finishing surface being positioned between the first surface and the second surface, and a portion of the finishing surface being concave. (Item 19) Item 19. The tool of item 18, wherein the float extends in a longitudinal direction and the concave surface extends in a longitudinal direction. (Item 20) 20. The tool of any of claims 18-19, wherein the float includes a plurality of concave surfaces. (Item 21) 21. The tool of any of items 18-20, wherein the float further includes a first sloped surface extending away from the first surface for contacting the concrete surface and a second angled surface extending away from the second surface for contacting the concrete surface. (Item 22) 22. The tool of claim 21, wherein the first gradient surface is curved. (Item 23) 23. The tool of any of items 21-22, wherein the second angled surface extends at an angle of at least 30° relative to the finishing surface. (Item 24) 24. The tool of any of claims 21-23, wherein the second angled surface extends at an angle of approximately 90° relative to the finishing surface. (Item 25) 25. The tool of any of items 18-24, wherein the concave finishing surface has a radius of curvature of about 500 inches. (Item 26) 26. The tool of any of items 18-25, wherein when the float is placed on the concrete surface, the maximum distance from a point on a concave finished surface to and normal to the concrete surface is about 0.0115 inches. (Item 27) 27. The tool of any of claims 18-26, wherein the concave finished surface includes a curvature, the curvature configured to draw the concrete skin along the concave finished surface by surface tension. (Item 28) 1. A tool in the form of a concrete float having an upper surface, a concrete finished surface opposite the upper surface, and a first edge extending laterally of the float with a first wall extending upwardly from the first edge, the first wall being concave when viewed from outside the float. (Item 29) Item 29. The tool of item 28, wherein the first edge includes an end wall extending generally perpendicular to the finishing surface and upwardly relative to a first wall of the concave surface. (Item 30) 30. The tool of any of items 28-29, further comprising a laterally extending generally planar surface extending from the concave first wall inwardly across a portion of the upper surface. (Item 31) 2. The tool of any preceding item, further comprising at least one end cap positioned on an end of the tool. (Item 32) Item 32. The tool of item 31, further comprising a distal edge portion and a proximal edge portion, the end cap engaging and extending between the distal and proximal edge portions. (Item 33) 33. The tool of any of claims 31-32, wherein the tool includes a reinforcing wall and the end cap engages a plurality of the reinforcing walls. (Item 34) 34. The tool of any of claims 31-33, wherein the end cap includes a wall defining a cavity, the wall contacting a complementary surface within the tool. (Item 35) 35. The tool of any of claims 31-34, wherein the at least one end cap is formed from fiber reinforced plastic. (Item 36) 2. The tool of any preceding item, further comprising at least one of a light source and a fluid source supported on the tool. (Item 37) 1. An end cap for a concrete finishing float comprising: a generally planar surface sized to extend from a proximal portion of the float to a distal portion of the float; and a plurality of walls extending away from the generally planar surface and configured to engage adjacent portions of a float surface positioned between the proximal portion of the float and the distal portion of the float. (Item 38) Item 38. The end cap of item 37, further comprising at least one wall defining a cavity, the wall defining the cavity configured to extend into a channel in the float. (Item 39) 39. The end cap according to any of items 37-38, wherein the end cap is formed from fiber reinforced plastic. (Item 40) 40. The end cap of any of items 37-39, further comprising a bottom wall that is substantially straight. (Item 41) 41. An end cap according to any of items 37-40 mounted on a tool according to any of items 1-36. (Item 42) 1. A pivot assembly for controlling a concrete finishing apparatus, the pivot assembly comprising a handle attachment portion, a pivot axis extending laterally of the pivot assembly, and an interface component on a side of the pivot axis generally opposite the handle attachment portion, the interface component configured to mate and engage with a complementary surface on a complementary interface component on the concrete finishing apparatus to limit movement of the pivot assembly away from the concrete finishing apparatus. (Item 43) Item 43. The pivot assembly of item 42, wherein the pivot assembly interface component comprises a passive interface component. (Item 44) 44. The pivot assembly of any of items 42-43, wherein the pivot assembly interface includes a component with at least one of a magnetic field and a detent arrangement. (Item 45) 45. The pivot assembly of any of items 42-44, wherein the pivot assembly interface component includes a surface that extends at least partially upwardly and at an angle. (Item 46) Item 46. The pivot assembly of item 45, wherein the at least partially upwardly and angularly extending surface includes a straight wall. (Item 47) Item 47. The pivot assembly of item 46, wherein the straight wall extends at an angle relative to the pivot axis. (Item 48) Item 49. The pivot assembly of any one of items 42-47, wherein the pivot assembly interface component is configured such that a mating interface component on a concrete finishing tool engages the pivot assembly interface component by moving in a direction generally parallel to the pivot axis. Item 49. The pivot assembly of item 48, wherein the pivot assembly interface component includes a channel for receiving a dovetail component. (Item 50) 48. The pivot assembly of any of items 42-47, wherein the pivot assembly interface component includes a structure having converging angled surfaces. (Item 51) Item 51. The pivot assembly of item 50, wherein the converging angled surfaces extend laterally of the pivot assembly. (Item 52) Item 51. The pivot assembly of item 50, wherein the converging angled surfaces extend laterally along the angled surfaces in a generally non-parallel direction relative to the pivot axis. (Item 53) Item 51. The pivot assembly of item 50, wherein the converging angled surfaces extend laterally along the angled surfaces in a direction generally perpendicular to the pivot axis. (Item 54) 54. The pivot assembly of any of claims 42-53, further comprising a vibration device supported by the pivot assembly. (Item 55) Item 55. The pivot assembly of item 54, wherein the vibration device includes a vibration center shaft positioned on the same side of the pivot shaft as the pivot assembly interface component. (Item 56) Item 56. The pivot assembly of item 55, wherein the vibration device includes an eccentric lobe configured to rotate about the vibration central axis. (Item 57) 57. The pivot assembly of any of items 42-56, further comprising an information display supported on the pivot assembly. (Item 58) Item 58. The pivot assembly of item 57, wherein the information display is configured to display a remaining battery charge. (Item 59) 57. A pivot assembly according to any one of items 42-56 secured to a tool according to any one of items 1-36. (Item 60) 1. A pivot assembly for controlling a concrete finishing machine, the pivot assembly comprising: a handle mounting portion; a pivot shaft extending laterally of the pivot assembly; and a vibrating device having a vibration center axis on an opposite side of the pivot shaft from the handle mounting portion. (Item 61) Item 61. The pivot assembly of item 60, wherein the central axis of oscillation extends substantially parallel to the pivot axis. (Item 62) 62. The pivot assembly of any of items 60-61, further comprising a means for mounting the pivot assembly to a concrete finishing tool, the means for mounting comprising a surface defining a plane, and a nearest distance from the central axis of vibration to the plane being less than a nearest distance from the pivot axis to the plane. (Item 63) 63. The pivot assembly of any of claims 60-62, wherein the vibration device includes an eccentric lobe configured for rotation about the vibration central axis. (Item 64) 64. The pivot assembly of any of items 60-63, wherein the vibration apparatus produces vibrations via a rotation device configured to rotate at least 5,000 RPM. (Item 65) 65. The pivot assembly of any of items 60-64, wherein the vibration device produces vibration by rotating a device configured to rotate at 5,700 to 6,700 RPM. (Item 66) 66. The pivot assembly of any of items 60-65, further comprising a support tube for receiving the support, the support tube including a recess adjacent the opening for receiving the detent. (Item 67) 67. The pivot assembly of any of items 60-66, wherein the pivot assembly includes a range of pivot motion, the pivot assembly being configured to transition the range of pivot motion through a quarter turn of a post. (Item 68) 68. A pivot assembly according to any of items 60-67 secured to a tool according to any of items 1-36. (Item 69) 1. A method of finishing concrete comprising: moving a longitudinally extending float across a concrete surface with a portion of the float finishing surface in contact with the concrete surface and a concave surface facing the concrete surface and positioned adjacent the portion of the float finishing surface in contact with the concrete surface. (Item 70) 70. The method of claim 69, wherein the concave surface extends in a longitudinal direction and the float is moved in a transverse direction relative to the longitudinally extending float. (Item 71) 71. The method of any of claims 69-70, further comprising providing a plurality of concave surfaces facing the concrete surface, the float being moved laterally relative to the longitudinally extending float. (Item 72) 72. The method of claim 71, wherein the plurality of concave surfaces extend in a longitudinal direction and the float is moved in a transverse direction relative to the longitudinally extending float. (Item 73) 72. The method of claim 71, wherein the plurality of concave surfaces are distributed across a portion of the float finished surface and the float is moved laterally relative to the longitudinally extending float. (Item 74) 74. The method of any of items 69-73, further comprising the steps of: moving the float distally while a first float contact surface contacts the concrete surface; and moving the float proximally while the first float contact surface and a second float contact surface contact the concrete surface. (Item 75) 75. The method of any of items 69-74, wherein the float includes a distal edge that extends at an angle of at least 30° away from the concrete surface when the float is flat on the concrete surface, and wherein the float is moved distally with the distal edge elevated. (Item 76) 76. The method of any of items 69-75, wherein the float includes a proximal edge having an upwardly extending surface extending away from the concrete surface, the upwardly extending surface being one of a curved surface or an angled surface extending at an angle of at least 10 degrees from the concrete surface, and the float is moved proximally while the float is flat against the concrete surface. (Item 77) Item 77. The method of item 76, wherein the upwardly extending surface is a curved surface, and the float is moved distally with a distal edge of the float elevated. (Item 78) 77. The method of claim 76, wherein the upwardly extending surface is an angled surface extending at an angle of about 30 degrees relative to the concrete surface, and the float is moved proximally while the float position is flat on the concrete surface. (Item 79) 1. A method of finishing concrete with a concrete float, comprising the steps of: moving the concrete float distally and proximally across a concrete surface; pivoting the float through an angle of 180° in a plane parallel to a flat finishing surface of the float; and after pivoting, moving the concrete float distally and proximally across the concrete surface. (Item 80) 80. The method of claim 79, wherein the float includes a raised surface extending upward and away from a float distal edge, comprising the steps of pivoting the float 180 degrees so that the float distal edge is below a handle used by an operator, and pulling the float proximally with the raised surface on the float distal edge leading the float. (Item 81) 81. The method of any of items 79-80, wherein the float includes an angled surface on a float proximal edge, comprising the steps of pivoting the float 180 degrees so that the angled surface is positioned distally relative to an operator, and pulling the float proximally while the float is flat on the concrete surface. (Item 82) 1. An adapter for attachment to one of a pivot assembly and a concrete finishing tool, the adapter comprising: a mounting structure including means for assisting in attachment of the adapter to the pivot assembly or the concrete finishing tool; and an interface component secured to the mounting structure, the interface component configured such that engagement of a mating interface component from the other of the pivot assembly or the concrete finishing tool limits movement of the mating interface component away from the mounting structure. (Item 83) Item 83. The adapter of item 82, wherein the interface component comprises a passive interface component. (Item 84) 84. The adapter of any of items 82-83, wherein the interface component includes at least one of a component with a magnetic field and a component with a detent arrangement. (Item 85) 85. The adapter of any of items 82-84, wherein the interface component includes a surface that extends at least partially upwardly and at an angle. (Item 86) Item 86. The adapter of item 85, wherein the at least partially upwardly and angled extending surface includes a straight wall. (Item 87) Item 87. The adapter of item 86, wherein the straight wall extends at an angle relative to the mounting structure. (Item 88) Item 86. The adapter of item 85, wherein the at least partially upwardly and angled extending surface comprises a curved surface. (Item 89) The adapter of any of items 82-88, further comprising at least one of a threaded fastener, a pin, a detent, a sliding lock, a pressure plate, a cotter pin, a twist lock, or a lever for securing the adapter to a structure supporting the mating interface component. (Item 90) 90. The adapter of any of claims 82-89, wherein the interface component is configured such that the mating interface component engages by moving the mating interface component generally parallel to the mounting structure. (Item 91) Item 91. The adapter of item 90, wherein the interface component includes a dovetail portion. (Item 92) Item 92. The adapter of item 91, wherein the dovetail portion includes a surface that extends at least partially upwardly and at an angle. (Item 93) 93. The adapter of any of items 82-92, wherein the interface component comprises an asymmetric cavity. (Item 94) Item 94. The adapter of item 93, wherein the asymmetric cavity includes at least one slanted wall. (Item 95) An adapter according to any one of items 82-94, which is attached to an apparatus according to any one of items 1-68.

[0022] These and other embodiments are more fully described below in conjunction with the drawings, which are to scale, a brief description of which follows. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0023] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of an assembly for a concrete float, a pivot assembly for the concrete float, and a vibrating assembly for the concrete float, along with the interface between the assembly and the float. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is an upper left front isometric view of the pivot and vibrate assembly of FIG. 1 for a concrete float and interface. [Diagram 3]FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the assembly of FIG. 1 without the float. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a front elevational view of the assembly of FIG. 1 without the float. [Diagram 5] 5 is a lower left isometric view of the pivot and oscillating assembly of FIG. 1. FIG. [Figure 6] 6 is a left side view in sagittal section of the pivot and oscillating assembly and interface of FIG. 1; FIG. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is an upper left front trimetric view of the assembly of FIG. 2 showing selected components of the pivot assembly and selected components of the vibrating assembly along with interfaces. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a top right front trimetric view of a concrete float assembly and interface that may be used with the assembly of FIG. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is an upper trimetric view of an interface for use with the assemblies of FIGS. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a bottom front isometric view of an end cap for use with a float such as the float assembly of FIG. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is an upper right front isometric view of a pivot assembly in an alternative configuration. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a left sagittal cross-sectional view of the assembly of FIG. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a cross section of the concrete float with interfaces and end caps. [Figure 13-1] Figure 13A is a side elevational view of an alternative concrete float having a concave bottom surface when viewed from the side. Figure 13B is a detail of a leading edge portion of the float of Figure 13A illustrating the concavity. Figure 13C is a detail of a mid-section of the float of Figure 13A illustrating the concavity in an exaggerated manner. Figure 13D is a detail of a trailing edge portion of the float of Figure 13A illustrating the concavity. [Figure 13-2]Figure 13E is a schematic side elevation view of an alternative concrete float having a concave bottom surface when viewed from the side. Figure 13F is a detail of a portion of the alternative concrete float of Figure 13E showing the spacing of a portion of the concave surface of the concrete float from an exaggerated concrete surface. Figure 13G is a schematic side elevation view of a further alternative concrete float having a concave bottom surface when viewed from the side. Figure 13H is a schematic side elevation view of an additional alternative concrete float having a concave bottom surface when viewed from the side. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 shows a detail of the assembly of FIG. [Figure 15] 15 is an enlarged end elevational view of the adapter of FIG. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 is an upper isometric view of a further configuration of an adapter for use with the oscillating and / or pivoting assemblies described herein with one or more different float configurations. [Figure 17] 17 is a cross-sectional view of the adapter of FIG. 16 taken through a pair of apertures and tenon structures. [Figure 18] FIG. 18 is a bottom isometric view of a further configuration of an adapter for use with a swing and / or pivot assembly and a concrete float and interface assembly. [Figure 19] FIG. 19 is a bottom plan view of the adapter of FIG. [Figure 20] 20 is a cross-sectional view of the adapter of FIG. [Figure 21] FIG. 21 is a detailed view of a concrete float and interface assembly along with a schematic of a pivot assembly for use in supporting and controlling the concrete float, for example, the float and pivot assembly are conventional. [Figure 22] FIG. 22 is a detailed view of the outline of the float of FIG. [Diagram 23]FIG. 23 is a cross-section of the assembly of FIG. 21 showing an interface assembly that can be used to connect to a concrete float and pivot assembly and also provides quick attachment and release capability. [Figure 24] FIG. 24 is an isometric view of an example of an interface for joining a concrete finishing tool to a pivot assembly in the form of a mated adapter configured for passive fastening using a magnetic component. [Diagram 25] FIG. 25 is an isometric view of another embodiment of an interface for joining a concrete finishing tool to a pivot assembly in the form of a mated adapter configured for passive fastening using a detent. [Figure 26] FIG. 26 is an isometric view of another embodiment of an interface for joining a concrete finishing tool to a pivot assembly in the form of a mated adapter that, once aligned, limits movement in the Y and Z planes before being manually secured. [Figure 27] FIG. 27 is a trimetric view of another embodiment of an interface for joining a concrete finishing tool to a pivot assembly in the form of a mated adapter that, once aligned, limits movement in the Y and Z planes before being manually secured. [Figure 28] 28 is an isometric view of an insert plate adapter for use with the assembly of FIG. 27. [Figure 29] FIG. 29 is a side elevation view of another embodiment of an interface for joining a concrete finishing tool to a pivot assembly in the form of a mated adapter that, once aligned, limits movement in the Y and Z planes before being manually secured, for example, by placing the adapter under tension. [Diagram 30] FIG. 30 is a trimetric view of one adapter of the assembly of FIG. [Diagram 31] FIG. 31 is a trimetric view of an alternative adapter for the assembly of FIG. [Diagram 32] FIG. 32 is an isometric view of the adapter of FIG. [Diagram 33]FIG. 33 is a trimetric view of the fastening mechanism of the assembly of FIG. [Diagram 34] FIG. 34 is an isometric view of another embodiment of an interface for joining a concrete finishing tool to a pivot assembly in the form of a mated adapter that, once aligned, limits movement in the X, Y, and Z planes before being manually secured. [Diagram 35] FIG. 35 is an isometric view of the adapter in the assembly of FIG. [Diagram 36] FIG. 36 is an isometric view of another embodiment of an interface for joining a concrete finishing tool to a pivot assembly in the form of a mated adapter that, once aligned, limits movement in the X and Y planes before being manually secured. [Figure 37] FIG. 37 is an upper isometric view of another embodiment of an interface for joining a concrete finishing tool to a pivot assembly in the form of a mated adapter that, once aligned, limits movement in the X, Y, and Z planes before being manually secured. [Figure 38] FIG. 38 is an end elevational view of an adapter used in the assembly of FIG. [Figure 39] FIG. 39 is an isometric view of another embodiment of an interface for joining a concrete finishing tool to a pivot assembly in the form of a mated adapter that, once aligned, limits movement in the X, Y, and Z planes in the form of a twist mount. [Diagram 40] FIG. 40 is a bottom plan view of the assembly of FIG. [Diagram 41] FIG. 41 is an isometric view of another embodiment of an interface for joining a concrete finishing tool to a pivot assembly in the form of a mated adapter that, once aligned, limits movement in the X, Y, and Z planes before being manually secured. [Diagram 42] 42 is an end elevational view of an adapter used in the assembly of FIG. 41. [Diagram 43]FIG. 43 is an upper isometric view of another embodiment of an interface for joining a concrete finishing tool to a pivot assembly in the form of a mated adapter that, once aligned, limits movement in the X and Y planes before being manually secured. [Diagram 44] FIG. 44 is an upper isometric view of an adapter used in the assembly of FIG. [Diagram 45] FIG. 45 is a bottom isometric view of another embodiment of an interface for joining a concrete finishing tool to a pivot assembly in the form of a mated adapter that, once aligned, limits movement in the X plane before being manually secured. [Diagram 46] FIG. 46 is a front elevational view of the assembly of FIG. [Figure 47] FIG. 47 is a front elevational view of an adapter used in the assembly of FIG. [Figure 48] FIG. 48 is an upper isometric view of a concrete finishing tool in the form of a groover having an interface for mating with a pivot assembly. [Figure 49] 49 is a front elevational view of the groove forming apparatus of FIG. 48; FIG. [Figure 50] 50 is a side elevational view of the groove forming apparatus of FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0024] (Detailed Description) The specification, considered in conjunction with the drawings, describes examples of apparatus and methods incorporating one or more aspects of the invention in a manner that enables any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention. The examples provide the best mode contemplated for carrying out the invention, but it will be understood that various modifications can be accomplished within the parameters of the invention.

[0025] Examples of concrete tools and accessories are described, including floats and groovers and assemblies and components thereof, and methods of making and using concrete floats, groovers, and assemblies and components thereof. Depending on the feature or features incorporated in a given structure or method, advantages can be achieved in the structure or method. For example, concrete floats and assemblies and components thereof that use high frequency vibrations to finish concrete can improve the finish of the concrete and reduce the amount of time required for finishing, as opposed to finishing the concrete beforehand, as is done with a screed. They can also allow the equipment to be used more easily, simplifying the assembly and disassembly of the equipment before and after a project. In addition, some configurations can also benefit from lighter components, less cost, and reduced wear.

[0026] Concrete floats may also be provided with improved finishing surfaces, for example, by extending a portion of the float with a flat surface for contacting the concrete surface, by configuring the bottom surface as a concave surface with multiple contact surfaces, and by making it easier to invert the float on its pivot. They may also be provided with structural contours that make it easier to complete a job without having to change tools.

[0027] In some configurations of concrete tools and assemblies thereof, e.g., floats and groovers, improvements can also be achieved in compatibility for use on more than one tool or tool configuration, e.g., floats and groovers, different float configurations, and the like, including through the use of quick-attach and quick-release configurations. Thus, if a user of an alternative float desires to use a pivoting and / or oscillating assembly described herein with a conventional float or groover, the user can easily do so with a simple adapter configured for the particular float profile or groover. If a user of an alternative pivoting and / or oscillating assembly desires to use a float assembly or groover such as those described herein with a conventional pivoting and / or oscillating assembly, the user can easily do so with a simple adapter configured for the pivoting and / or oscillating assembly.

[0028] Improvements are also provided to concrete tools, such as floats and groovers, and components with which the assemblies may be used. For example, the mounting or interface between the assemblies and the concrete tools may be simplified and / or made more reliable and easier to use. In another example, operation of the handles for the tilt assemblies is made easier and removal of the handles is also made easier.

[0029] These and other advantages will become more apparent upon review of the description of the embodiments herein. However, it should be understood that not all advantages or features discussed with respect to a particular embodiment must be incorporated into a tool, component, or method to achieve one or more advantages discussed by these embodiments. In addition, it should be understood that features of an embodiment can be incorporated into a tool, component, or method to achieve a given advantage, even if the advantage may not be optimal compared to other possible configurations. For example, one or more advantages may not be optimized for a given configuration to achieve cost savings, efficiency, or for other reasons known to the person making the decision in a particular product configuration or method.

[0030] Several tool configurations and examples of concrete float and groover apparatus and methods of making and using the assemblies thereof are described herein, and some have particular advantages when used together. However, even though these apparatus and methods are discussed together at this time, there is no requirement that they be combined, used together, or that one component or method be used or combined with any other component or method. In addition, it should be understood that a given component or method may also be combined with other structures or methods not expressly discussed herein while still achieving desirable results.

[0031] As used herein, "substantially" and "about" shall mean ±10% of the specified parameter or configuration. However, it should be understood that terminology used for orientation or relative position, such as front, back, side, left and right, upper and lower, and the like, is used herein merely for ease of understanding and reference, and is not intended as exclusive terms for the structures described and illustrated.

[0032] Concrete finishing apparatus 100 (FIG. 1) can include several subassemblies and components that can be used together or separately in combination with other subassemblies and components. In this example, concrete finishing apparatus 100 is used to finish concrete, for example, after a pre-finishing step. In one illustrative example, concrete finishing assembly 100 includes pivot assembly 200, vibrating assembly 300, concrete float 400, and interface components or assemblies 500 and / or 600. Concrete finishing can be performed using different floats, different vibrating assemblies, different tools, and / or different pivot assemblies than those illustrated herein, as desired, and any of the assemblies and their components as well as interface components can be used in conjunction with other devices for finishing concrete, for example, with modifications that may be desirable.

[0033] The pivot assembly 200 (FIGS. 1-7), in the illustrated embodiment, includes a pivot mechanism 202 (partially shown in FIG. 7) within a suitable housing 204, and a post tube 206 for releasably receiving a suitable post (not shown) for operating the concrete finishing apparatus. The suitable post would be the same as or similar to a conventional post having detents for locking the post onto the tube 206, for example, through a pair of oppositely facing or diametrically opposed detent openings 208.

[0034] While the pivot assembly 200 can be stored in a number of housing configurations, in this example, the housing 204 includes right and left side plates 210 and 212 and a curved front face 214, allowing the pivot assembly to pivot relative to adjacent components. The housing includes separate side openings, the left one 216 of which is shown in the drawings and allows for insertion, access, and removal of one or more components of the pivot mechanism, which are described more fully below. The housing also includes a cylindrical wall 218 that defines a bore for receiving and supporting a portion of the pivot mechanism and a portion of the support tube 206, also described more fully below.

[0035] The pivot assembly also includes a support structure for supporting the pivot assembly and the float relative to one another. In this example, the support structure takes the form of a housing structure 219 that extends into and forms a part of the vibrating assembly 300. In other examples, the support structure can be a simple frame, a separate housing structure for other components, posts and plates for engaging the interface component 500 and the concrete float 400 (see, e.g., FIGS. 11-12), or other structure. The pivot assembly 200 is configured such that the housing 204 and the support structure can pivot relative to one another, thereby allowing a tool, e.g., a float, and the pivot housing to pivot relative to one another.

[0036] The pivot mechanism 202 (FIGS. 6-7) allows a tool, e.g., in the illustrated configuration, a concrete float 400, and a pivot housing 204 to pivot relative to one another, thereby pivoting the handle and concrete float used by an operator relative to one another. The pivot mechanism 202 includes a drive portion 220 (FIG. 6) and a driven portion 222 to effect the pivoting motion. The drive portion 220 includes a drive gear 224 having a cylindrical shaft 226 (FIG. 7) and a bevel gear portion 228. The cylindrical shaft is supported in the cylindrical bore by a bearing assembly 230 that is seated in a counterbore of the cylindrical bore of the housing 218 (FIG. 1) against a shoulder 232 at the end of the counterbore. The bearing assembly 230 holds the cylindrical shaft 226 in place by bearing against a shoulder 234 on the cylindrical shaft. The bearing assembly is held in place against a shoulder 232 in the counterbore by a retaining ring 236 that is positioned in a groove formed in the bore of the cylindrical wall 218. The bearing assembly 230 allows for easy pivoting of the drive gear 224. The gear has a gear ratio of at least 2:1, and the illustrated embodiment has a gear ratio of 3.5:1, although a 1:1 gear ratio as well as other gear ratios can also be used. The 3.5:1 gear ratio allows a quarter turn of the handle to pivot the assembly through its intended range of motion, approximately 50 degrees, such as less than 90 degrees and +30 degrees to -20 degrees in the illustrated embodiment.

[0037] A tensioning assembly is included within this pivot assembly. The tensioning assembly can take several configurations, but in this example, tensioning assembly 240 includes a semicircular brake or friction element 242 that extends axially of the drive gear shaft a desired distance, extending around and contacting the semicircular circumference of the shaft of drive gear 224. The friction element 242 includes a boss that extends within the diameter of the retaining ring 236. The tensioning assembly also includes a threaded bolt, such as a thumb bolt 246, that threads into a complementary threaded opening in the cylindrical housing 218 such that a distal end of the threaded bolt contacts the friction element 242 and urges it against the drive gear shaft. A coil spring 248 prevents the bolt from backing out of the threaded opening.

[0038] The support tube 206 is releasably mounted within a bore in the cylindrical housing 218. The support tube is secured to the drive gear shaft 226 by a threaded fastener 250 that passes through one side of the support tube, through a corresponding opening in the drive gear shaft, and threads into a complementary threaded portion in the other side of the support tube (see also FIG. 12). The bolt 250 secures the support tube 206 to the cylindrical shaft 226 of the drive gear. As the operator pivots the support tube about a central axis 254 (FIG. 1) so that it is inserted into the support tube 206, the cylindrical shaft of the drive gear also pivots to the same extent when the support tube is secured, such as with a detent in a detent opening 208.

[0039] The support tube 206 includes an O-ring seal 256 for sealing between the outer surface of the support tube and the inner surface of the bore of the cylindrical housing 218, restricting moisture from entering the interior of the housing. In this embodiment, the support tube also includes a number of drain holes 258, allowing water to drain from the inside of the support tube. In an alternative configuration (not shown), the O-ring seal 256 and adjacent structure of the support tube 206 are replaced by sealed bearings to support the support tube within the housing 218.

[0040] In the illustrated embodiment, the post tube includes a groove or recess 260 formed in an exterior surface of the post tube surrounding the detent opening 208. The recess 260 makes it easier to release the detent button from the detent opening 208 to release the post from the post tube. In this embodiment, the recess 260 is formed as a circumferentially extending groove that is centered over the detent opening and extends axially away from the opening a convenient distance to allow a user to more easily depress the detent button.

[0041] The driven portion 222 of the pivot assembly includes a driven bevel gear 262 that engages the drive bevel gear 228. The driven bevel gear 262 is supported on and non-rotatably fixed to a laterally extending shaft 264 such that movement of the driven bevel gear 262 by the drive bevel gear 228 causes the shaft to pivot within the pivot assembly housing 204. The shaft is fixed to the support structure 219 such that pivoting of the driven bevel gear moves the support structure that supports the concrete float 400. The shaft is supported within the pivot housing 204 for pivoting relative to the housing by a pair of oppositely disposed bearing assemblies 266 and 268 that are secured in place within openings in the pivot housing by respective retaining rings 270 and 272.

[0042] The shaft is also supported in the pivot housing and is generally aligned between bearing assemblies 266 and 268 and is fixed to a collar 274 on an axis generally intersecting the axis of drive gear 224. Collar 274 includes a recessed arcuate surface 276 (FIG. 6) across which an end surface of frusto-conical drive gear 228 rolls as it rolls across the driven bevel gear 262 with which it meshes. A concave surface at the opposite end of recessed arcuate surface 276 helps to limit the travel of the drive gear relative to the driven gear.

[0043] In this example, at least one of the assemblies includes a display that indicates one or more status conditions for the assembly. In an illustrative configuration, the display 278 is secured within an upper portion of the pivoting housing so as to be visible to a user holding or standing near the post on which the assembly is mounted. In this example, the display indicates the battery or other power or charge condition, e.g., charge level. The display is coupled through suitable conductors to an electronics package associated with the battery, described more fully below.

[0044] Also, in this embodiment, at least one of the assemblies includes a power switch or other actuator for turning on and off one or more electronic devices in one or more of the assemblies. In this embodiment, an on-off switch 280 is supported within the pivoting housing 204 and is accessible for manual activation, for example, to activate the electronics, illuminate the display 278, start the vibration generator, or for other desired purposes, as described more fully below. The switch is coupled through suitable conductors to an electronics package associated with a battery, described more fully below. In other configurations, one or both of the display and the on-off switch can be located on other components of the concrete finishing assembly, e.g., the vibration assembly 300. In another embodiment, the on-off function can additionally or alternatively be accomplished remotely, through a remote control (not shown), such as through a Bluetooth® radio or other remote control. The remote signal can be transmitted to an antenna within the housing of the vibration assembly that is coupled to the internal electronics, or to an antenna that extends to the exterior of the housing and is coupled through an opening or similar access to the electronics within the housing.

[0045] In another embodiment of the pivot assembly, the pivot assembly 200A (FIGS. 11-12) is supported by a solid support structure 219A, which in this embodiment extends in a generally straight line from the collar 274 to the base structure 282. The base structure 282 is substantially solid, and the support 219A is joined to the base structure. The remainder of the pivot assembly 200A outside the support 219A and below the support structure 282 can take on a number of configurations, as may be determined by the desired configuration for mounting to the float 400, whether other assemblies are included, such as, for example, vibration assemblies, controller sensing assemblies, and the like. Other components shown in FIGS. 11-12, which have the same reference numbers as those applied to components in other figures herein, have the same or similar structure and function as described herein.

[0046] The vibration assembly 300 can be installed in several locations on the concrete finishing apparatus. In the illustrated embodiment, the vibration assembly 300 is integrated into the support structure, including the support 219 for the pivot assembly 200. Integration into the support structure provides desirable transmission of the generated vibrations to the float through the interface component 500. Additionally, in this embodiment, the vibration generator, electronics, and battery assembly are integrated into the same structure, and integration into the support structure contributes to a low center of mass for the apparatus and easier control by the user.

[0047] In this embodiment, the vibration assembly 300 includes a vibration generator 302. The vibration generator 302 is oriented to have a central axis of rotation that extends transversely of the assembly and transversely to the central axis 254 of the strut tube (FIG. 1). The central axis of rotation will also be parallel to the length or longitudinal extent of the float 400.

[0048] The vibration generator 302 is an electric motor with an eccentric lobe or weight 304 mounted on a shaft for rotation about a central axis of rotation. In this example, the eccentric weight rotates at about 6,000 RPM, in one configuration about 5,700 to about 6,700 RPM, and in another configuration 5,700 to 6,700 RPM ±200 RPM.

[0049] The vibration generator is secured in place in a cavity in the vibration assembly housing 304 by a closure or locating plate 306 (FIGS. 6-7) by fasteners 308 that thread into threaded openings in the housing 304. Alternatively or additionally, the generator can be secured in place in the housing 304 by suitable bearings or surrounding structures that bear against or surround a surface of the generator that are sufficient to secure the generator in place during normal operation and generator run-time. The generator is powered by battery power from a battery pack 310, using conductors 312 to an electronics assembly 314 under the locating plate 306 and conductors (not shown) from the electronics assembly through a cavity in the locating plate 306 to contacts 316 on the generator. Activation of the switch 280 starts the vibration generator. The components of the vibrating assembly are enclosed within the housing 304 by a closure or combination closure and base plate 318 and are secured in place by a suitable surface on the interior of the closure plate. The exterior surface of the closure plate can take a number of configurations, but in this embodiment includes a contour that aids in mounting the pivot assembly and / or the vibrating assembly to a concrete float, which is described more fully below.

[0050] The electronic device can be operated from an external power supply and / or battery 310 that is charged from an external source using an external access or charging port 320 (FIGS. 5-6).

[0051] In the illustrated configuration, the components of the vibratory assembly are all located below a horizontal plane 322 (FIG. 6) parallel to the lower surface of the concrete float, which contains the central axis of the bevel gear 262 and the pivot assembly bearing assemblies 266 and 268. A similar plane 324 parallel to the lower surface of the concrete float, which contains the central axis of the vibration generator 302, is also below the horizontal plane 322, while the pivot assembly 200 remains in close proximity to the concrete float 400. These locations make the concrete finishing equipment easier to use and more efficient for finishing concrete surfaces.

[0052] The electronics assembly 314 or a separate assembly may include an accelerometer or other sensor device to provide feedback to the electronics assembly. In this configuration, an accelerometer 326, shown diagrammatically in FIG. 6, senses motion as a function of time and provides feedback to a controller in the electronics assembly 314. The accelerometer output can be used by the controller to adjust the vibration generator RPM, e.g., increase or decrease the RPM. For example, greater vibrations in the float sensed by the accelerometer may indicate increased hardening or hardening of the concrete, in which case the vibration generator RPM can be reduced accordingly.

[0053] In another configuration, the vibration generator 302 may be supplemented or replaced by an ultrasonic generator. The ultrasonic generator can be located within or adjacent to the vibration assembly housing 304 to produce ultrasonic energy to be transmitted through the float 400 to the concrete. Alternatively, the ultrasonic generator can be mounted to the concrete float, for example, on the upper surface of the float or at the periphery of the float.

[0054] The pivot assembly 200 and the vibration assembly 300 and / or the pivot assembly 200A can be configured to mount to and support the concrete float in several ways, such as those shown in Figs. 1 and 8-10 and 13-14. The quick-attach configuration is useful for easy and quick attachment and removal of the concrete float to and from the pivot assembly. In one quick-attach configuration, the mating components can be assembled with limited or no disassembly in a direction normal to the flat surface of the concrete float. For example, the mating components can be assembled in a lateral or longitudinal engagement configuration with limited movement in an upward or vertical separation direction. In another quick-attach configuration, the components can be placed under tension to secure them in place. In one example, a sliding dovetail configuration provides interengagement between the assembled parts, and one or more locking components place the interengaged parts under tension. In one configuration, the locking component may include one or more threaded fasteners, and in another configuration, the locking component may include one or more cam locks or other engagement configurations for placing the interengaging parts under tension, thereby holding the assembly secured together.

[0055] In another configuration, the quick attachment arrangement places the interengaging parts under lateral compression (either to the side of or parallel to the working surface of the concrete float). In one embodiment, the lateral compression can be caused by an interference fit between the interengaging parts. In another embodiment, the lateral compression can be caused when the interengaging parts are brought closer together to the nearer side and placed under compression, for example, by fasteners, cam locking configurations, over-center latch configurations, and other similar configurations.

[0056] In some quick attachment configurations, the interengaging components interengage over a longitudinal range on one side for the pivot assembly 200 and the vibration assembly 300 and / or the pivot assembly 200A and another side for the concrete float. In one embodiment, the longitudinal range of interengagement is about the same as or greater than the width of the base of the pivot assembly 200 and the vibration assembly 300 and / or the pivot assembly 200A (or the length, if the longitudinal dimension of the concrete float is considered to have a length), and in one embodiment, is greater than or equal to about 6 inches. In another embodiment, the longitudinal range of interengagement is greater than the maximum width or diameter of a fastener or the sum of fasteners that are conventional fasteners used with the concrete float to secure the float to the pivot assembly, for example, about 1 inch or more. The longitudinal interengagement may be continuous or intermittent, or may be segmented or intermittent between multiple longitudinally interengaging elements.

[0057] In another example of a quick attachment configuration, the securing of the concrete float and the pivot and / or vibration assembly can occur other than by compression created between the two ends of one or more conventional fasteners, in other words, by compressing two or more surfaces together between the fastener head and a threaded or other form of fastener on the other end of the fastener. For example, a fastener can be used to place adjacent components in tension and hold them in position relative to one another, or a cam surface or over-center mechanism can be used to secure the components together under compression without having the fastener expand the two components.

[0058] In one illustrative example, the pivot assembly and / or the vibrating assembly, such as one of those described herein, can be secured to the concrete float, either directly or through an interface, such as the interface component 500 or other interface. In one example, the base plate 318 can have an interface element having a structure mounted to or incorporated within the base plate, either integral with or monolithic therein, or separately attached thereto. In this example, the interface element in the base plate 318 includes a structure capable of interengaging with the concrete float, and in this example takes the form of a laterally extending interface element geometry 600, in this example a non-square groove 600 (FIGS. 1 and 5-6, transverse to the pivot assembly 200) (which may also be considered to extend longitudinally relative to the longitudinal extent of the float 400). In this example, the groove 600 has, at least in part, a dovetail groove or mortise configuration having a trapezoidal profile in cross section. While other geometries can be used for the transversely or longitudinally extending grooves, the dovetail groove configuration allows for reliable and secure interengagement between the groove 600 and an interengaging component such as the interface component 500, which may, for example, allow the interengagement of the two components to be placed under tension. In this embodiment, the interengagement occurs over the length or distance that the interface component 500 contacts the groove 600, which in this embodiment is continuous, but may be interrupted or segmented, for example, with multiple interface components. In an illustrative embodiment, the interengagement occurs over approximately the width of the base plate 318, with such amount of interengagement depending on the extent of any gate, chute, or entry structure at one or both ends of the groove 600, which are described more fully below.

[0059] The channel 600, whether incorporated into the base plate or separately mounted thereon, in this embodiment includes a separate chute or converging inlet 602 (FIG. 5) at each end of the channel 600. In this embodiment, each chute is configured with a sloped base surface 604 approaching the channel and first and second converging side walls 606 and 608. Other inlet configurations can also be used to make it easier for the channel 600 and interface components 500 to slide along one another. In addition, other complementary and / or interface configurations can also be used to enable interengagement between the pivot and / or vibrating assembly and the concrete float, or more generally, reliable mounting. Also, other configurations can be used in which the interengaging components can be placed under tension to hold the components secured to one another once they are assembled such that they interengage, and other configurations of interface contact between the pivot and / or vibrating assembly and the concrete float can also be used.

[0060] The interengagement of the pivot and / or vibration assemblies and the components on the concrete float can be placed under tension to secure the components together. In this embodiment of a sliding dovetail configuration or similar interengagement, the structure can be placed under tension in several ways. In the illustrated embodiment, the structure can be placed under tension through at least one, and in the illustrated embodiment, two bolts 610 (FIGS. 1-6) that are threaded into a separate portion of the base plate 318 or other portion of the housing 304 and threaded against an opposing or facing surface or surfaces on the interface component 500. Tightening the bolt or bolts downward presses the upwardly facing surface of the interface component 500 (as seen in FIGS. 1 and 6) against the angled side walls 612 and 614, respectively, in the groove 602. The interengaging components are thereby placed under tension, with substantially all of the contact surface between them occurring along the sides of the groove and the interface component 500, i.e., along the angled surfaces therebetween.

[0061] To assemble the interengaging components, an assembly or assemblies incorporating groove 600 are placed so that one or both of the entrances to the groove are aligned with a complementary structure or other similar structure on interface component 500. Groove 600 is slid laterally across interface component 500 until the interface is approximately centered within the groove, and bolt 610 is threaded in until the interengaging components are placed under tension.

[0062] Another of the interengaging parts may include an interface component 500. In this example, the interface component 500 is a longitudinally extending male component configured to slide within a groove such as groove 600. Other configurations of interengaging components may also be used. In this example, the interface component 500 is a separate component that can be integral with the concrete float 400 that is mounted on it, or the interface component can be monolithically formed with the concrete float. As shown, the interface component 500 includes a dovetail profile, similar to a tenon. The interengaging portion includes first and second angled side walls 502 and 504 that converge inwardly and downwardly from a flat laterally and longitudinally extending joint wall 506, as seen in FIGS. 1 and 14. The joint wall has an upper surface 508 against which a bolt 610 will bear to place the interengaging components under tension. The space between the angled side walls 502 and 504 and the joining wall 506 is open, but in some embodiments can be solid. In the embodiment shown, the thicknesses of the structures forming the interface component 500 are substantially uniform.

[0063] The length of the interface component 500 can be selected as desired, and in this embodiment of the interface component 500, it is a single component. The interface component 500 can be multiple components for engaging the groove 600 as desired. In the illustrated embodiment, the length of the interface component 500 is approximately the same as the width of the base plate 318, or the longitudinal extent for the float if the longitudinal direction is considered relative to the float. The interface component 500 can have a length that exceeds the engagement distance of the groove 600 and can be as long as the length of the float. In this embodiment, once the interface component 500 is aligned or mated with the groove 600 and mated therewith, the movement of the interface is limited to the Y and Z directions, i.e., proximal and distal, and upward. In this context, the X direction is taken to be lateral or transverse to the concrete tool, and the Y direction represents the standard direction of movement. This convention will be used herein for floats, groovers, and other finishing tools that move linearly, e.g., proximally and / or distally, across the concrete with a handle connected to the tool by a user.

[0064] Although the illustrated embodiment of the interface component 500 has the interface as a separately manufactured component, e.g., an aluminum extrusion, it should be understood that the interengaging walls 502, 504 and 506 can also be integrally formed with the concrete float 400. The illustrated interface component 500 is mounted to complementary engaging walls on the float 400 through a first mounting structure 510 and a second mounting structure 512 that are monolithically formed with the remainder of the interface component 500. In this embodiment, the first and second mounting structures 510 and 512 are mirror images of each other and both extend the entire length of the interface component 500. The mounting structures are formed by U-shaped structures forming oppositely facing grooves 514 and 516, respectively, with first and second upper side walls 518 and 520, respectively, attached to angled side walls 502 and 504, respectively. The mounting structure includes bottom walls 522 and 524 that extend to first and second lower walls 526 and 528, respectively. In the illustrated embodiment, the lower walls extend farther from the bottom wall than the upper walls. Additionally, in one embodiment, ends of the first and second lower walls 526 and 528 may contact and, if desired, bear against upwardly extending portions of float-engaging walls 402 and 404, described more fully below.

[0065] Grooves 514 and 516 are configured to fit across and engage the respective float-engaging walls 402 and 404. The interior width of the groove between the upper and lower walls (518 and 520 and 526 and 528) can be selected as desired and may be greater than, equal to, or less than the width or thickness of the respective float-engaging walls 402 and 404 to provide an interference fit between the groove and the corresponding engagement wall. Additionally, in the illustrated embodiment, the spacing between the bottoms of oppositely facing grooves 514 and 516 is a distance X when the interface component 500 is in a relaxed state that is selected to be greater than the distance Y between the ends of the float-engaging walls 402 and 404 when they are in their relaxed state prior to engagement with the interface component 500. In such a configuration, assembly of the interface component 500 onto the float 400 by engaging the grooves 514 and 516 with the support walls 402 and 404 creates an interference fit between the interface component 500 and the support walls of the float, which tends to urge the first and second mounting structures 510 and 512 toward each other and move the support walls 402 and 404 away from each other. Other configurations for providing a secure and reliable engagement between the interface and the support structure on the concrete float are also possible. Thereafter, when the groove 600 and interface component 500 are installed to interengage with each other and the bolt is tightened downward against the upper surface 508 of the interface, a load can be created to counter the interference fit created between the interface and the support walls of the float.

[0066] The float 400 can take several configurations. In the illustrated embodiment, the float is supported on the pivot and / or oscillating assembly through support walls 402 and 404. The support walls extend longitudinally the entire length of the float and extend upward from the bottom wall 406 of the float. The support walls extend upward from the inner surface of the bottom wall 406, with angled or converging support walls 408 and 410 each forming a respective acute angle with the bottom wall 406. The support walls extend toward one another with respective upper walls 412 and 414 that extend into and engage grooves 514 and 516, respectively, when the interface component 500 is mounted thereon. In a relaxed state, prior to installation of the interface component 500, the upper walls 412 and 414 extend generally parallel to the lower wall 406. In this configuration, the thickness of the upper walls 412 and 414 exceeds the thickness of the converging support walls 408 and 410 .

[0067] The exemplary float includes first and second stabilizing ribs 415 and 416, respectively, that extend upwardly from the bottom wall 406 toward one another. The stabilizing ribs extend the entire length of the float in this example. The stabilizing ribs include separate converging support walls 418 and 420, respectively, that terminate in coplanar stabilizing bars 422 and 424 that extend toward one another. The upper surfaces of the stabilizing bars 422 and 424 are spaced above the bottom wall 406 by approximately the same distance as the upper surfaces of the upper walls 518 and 520 of the interface component 500 are positioned above the bottom wall 406 when in position on the float above the surfaces of the walls 412 and 414. In this configuration, the upper surfaces of the stabilizing bars 422 and 424 and the upper surfaces of the walls 518 and 520 will be spaced approximately the same distance from the lowermost surface of the base plate 318. If any load would tend to move the float closer to the front or rear portions of the base plate 318 by tilting, the stabilizing bar would stop further tilting. The support provided by ribs 415 and 416 can be provided by other structures in addition to or instead of ribs 415 and 416.

[0068] The inner surface of the float also includes a plurality of ribs 426 that extend the length of the float. The ribs serve to stiffen the float longitudinally.

[0069] The float profile includes multiple wall variations. The float includes a bottom concrete contact surface 428 that, in an exemplary configuration, is generally flat longitudinally and laterally from the rear face 430 to the front portion 432. Alternatively, as discussed further below, the float concrete contact surface can have multiple discrete contact surfaces, for example, separated by one or more concave or other geometric surfaces. In this example, the distance between the rear face 430 and the front portion 432 is a distance Z that is approximately 10 inches. The rear face 430 has a lip 431 that is generally vertical (as seen in FIG. 13 ) that is joined to the rear face 430 by a radiused corner. The lip 431 extends longitudinally the entire length of the float. Other lip configurations can also be used.

[0070] From the front portion 432, the float curves upward with a first radius of curvature to a second front portion 434, which curvature terminates in a second straight portion 436. The second straight portion extends to a third front portion 438, after which the float curves around a smaller radius of curvature to a third flat portion 442 to a front tip 440. The second straight portion 436 helps to provide an improved finish, for example, to the return stroke of the float.

[0071] In the illustrated embodiment, the rear surface of the float includes a concave portion 444 that extends upwardly and inwardly from an edge 431 at the rear end 430 with a first radius of curvature and then outwardly with a smaller radius of curvature to an angled wall 446. The concave portion 444 helps to keep concrete from entering the interior of the float. The angled wall extends from a vertical point 448 above the rear end 430 to the front end 450, forming an angle 452 that will be approximately parallel to the support tube 206 when the support tube is approximately adjacent the angled wall. The angled wall also helps to keep concrete from entering the interior of the float.

[0072] The concrete float may optionally include one or more end covers to keep concrete out, and / or stabilizers, e.g., structures in the form of weights or dampers that affect the vibrations imposed on the float. The end covers help keep concrete and slurry out of the upper surfaces of the float and the attachments. The weights or dampers may also be selected and positioned as desired, and in this embodiment, the concrete float 400 includes left and right end caps 458 and 460, respectively. The end caps may be configured to cover the float ends and also help optimize the vibrations imposed, if applicable. The weight and / or structure of either or both of the end caps may be selected to optimize the vibrations imposed on the float, e.g., by changing the resonance in the nodes for a given configuration of float or vibrating assembly and length of the float. In the illustrated embodiment, the end caps are mirror images of each other, and only the right end 460 will be described in detail. Each end cap includes a side plate 462 to help keep the end cap in place and a support structure 464. Each end cap also includes a support plug 466 (FIGS. 8, 10, and 13-14) to help secure the end cap in place. Each end cap also includes a bottom surface 468 that extends along or between the concrete contacting surfaces of the float. In this embodiment, the bottom surface 468 is generally linear and flat, even if, for example, the float surface includes a concave surface between the concrete contacting surfaces. The bottom surface 468 is configured to be recessed slightly above or away from the concrete contacting surfaces of the float, for example, such that the concrete contacting surface of the float is between the concrete and the bottom surface 468. In one embodiment, the bottom edge of the end cap is recessed about 0.02 inches from the concrete contacting surfaces of the float. In this embodiment, each end cap is co-molded with rubber, e.g., formed from an engineered plastic, e.g., polyamide 6 (PA6) with about 60% embedded fiber, but can also be made from rubber, silicone, or other materials.

[0073] One or more accessories can be mounted on the float, generally represented at 470 (FIG. 8). The accessories can be light sources that can be mounted on the float and / or pivoting and / or oscillating assembly to illuminate the concrete surface, or sprayers or misters mounted on the float and / or pivoting and / or oscillating assembly to wet the concrete surface. In one embodiment, the accessories 470 can be one or more light sources mounted on or along the front portion of the float, or that portion of the float distal to the user, i.e., the flat portion 442 on the leading edge when the assembly is pushed away from the user, or other structure. For example, the light sources can be mounted on the ends of the float and one or more locations between the ends of the float along the front or leading edge portion of the float. Exemplary light sources may include LED arrays, LED elements, or other suitable light sources. Light sources can also be mounted on removable end caps, such as end caps 428 and 430, in addition to or as an alternative. When located on an end cap or only on the end of the float, multiple light sources can be used, one pointed straight ahead and one pointed at an inward angle toward the center of the float's direction of travel. The angled light source on one side can be matched with the angled light source on the other side so that they intersect at a desired location in front of the float. The number of attachments may be selected to produce the desired results. One or more light sources can also be mounted on the pivot, pivot adapter, and / or other adjacent structure.

[0074] In another embodiment, the attachment 470 may (in addition or alternatively) be one or more nozzles, such as sprayers or atomizers mounted on or along the flat portion 442 or other structure on the front (or distal) portion of the float. Each nozzle may produce a spray pattern, the same or different from adjacent nozzles, if applicable, and may have any desired pattern. The pattern may be arcuate, linear, or other desired pattern. The number of nozzles may be selected as desired to produce the desired results, and in one embodiment are positioned to have a frequency of about one per foot. For a 6 foot float in this one embodiment, there may be seven nozzles. Moisture from the nozzles may help bring the concrete skin to the surface.

[0075] Alternative float configurations (FIGS. 13A-13D) may include at least one concave surface in the bottom surface of the float that faces the concrete surface being finished. In one example, the float 400A includes a first concrete contact surface 472 (FIGS. 13A and 13B), a second concrete contact surface 474 (FIGS. 13A and 13D), and a concave surface 476 extending therebetween. In this example, the first and second concrete contact surfaces 472 and 474 extend the width of the float 400A, but may also be less than the width of the float. Additionally, in the illustrated example, the first and second concrete contact surfaces are the outermost and only concrete contact surfaces during normal operation as described herein, but they may be other than the outermost concrete contact surfaces, and the float may include additional concrete contact surfaces with or without concave surfaces extending between adjacent ones of the concrete contact surfaces. Additionally, one or more concave surfaces can be configured into the float, while omitting an intervening concrete contact surface, as desired. One or more concave surfaces can be incorporated into the bottom of the float having any number of configurations, including shallow channel configurations as depicted in FIG. 13A, circles, ovals, rectangles, and other geometric or polygonal or smooth shapes, which may be discrete or overlapping. Any concave surface can be formed as a smooth continuous surface, for example, with a constant radius of curvature, or may be formed as discrete surfaces, for example, steps or square waves or other configurations, and combined to form a concave surface within the bottom of the float.

[0076] In the illustrated configuration, the first concrete contact surface 472 transitions outwardly from a concave surface 476 at the interior of the bottom of the float to a front portion 434A, a ramp surface defined by the front portion and a straight portion 436A. The second concrete contact surface 474 terminates at a rear portion 430A and a trailing edge 431A, both of which extend laterally across the width of the float in this embodiment. Also, in this embodiment, the rear portion 430A and the trailing edge 431A may join at a relatively sharp angle to a ramp on the opposite side of the float, for example, as sharp as permitted by the extrusion molding, to account for expected wear resulting from normal use.

[0077] In the present configuration of the float shown in Figures 13A-13D, the concave surface 476 has a radius of curvature 478 (Figure 13C) of approximately 500 inches. For a given float configuration, such as that shown in Figure 13A, multiple concave surfaces will have smaller radii of curvature. The radius of curvature in the illustrated configuration produces a maximum height 482 of the concave surface away from the opposing concrete surface, in this example, approximately 0.0115 inches of surface 476 away from the opposing concrete surface, in other words, the concave surface curves approximately 0.0115 inches away from a line 480 representing the adjacent concrete surface that contacts both the first and second concrete contact surfaces 472 and 474. The maximum spacing is selected in this example to be approximately 0.79 inches from the midpoint between the first and second concrete contact surfaces, in this example, the flange 484 toward the second concrete contact surface 474. The maximum spacing point within the concave surface may be selected as desired, for example, may be spaced from the center of the float or the center between the first and second concrete contacting surfaces, for example, such that the concave surface is asymmetric in the side profile of the float. The configuration of the concave surface may be selected, for example, to improve surface tension on the concave surface to draw the skin to the top of, and potentially above, the concrete surface.

[0078] 13A and 13C, flange 484 provides strength to the float structure and also provides a bearing surface for a set screw (not shown) that threads into interface component 500 (FIG. 9) in threaded opening 485, shown in phantom in FIG. 9 in this embodiment, and in some embodiments a set screw or other fastener is used to help secure interface component 500. In this embodiment, the set screw in conjunction with flange 484, when used with interface component 500 against flange 484, helps to seat interface component 500 under load and maintain the position of the interface component on the float.

[0079] The concrete contacting surfaces 472 and 474 serve to apply pressure, e.g., through the weight of the device, to the underlying concrete surface, which pressure pushes the epithelium out of the immediately surrounding area of ​​the concrete. The concave surface 476 serves to keep the epithelium on or above the top of the concrete surface by surface tension, whichever is the leading surface, initiating at the interior area nearest the concrete contacting surface 472 or 474 when both contact the concrete surface. Continued movement of the float along the concrete surface continues to pull the epithelium along the concave surface by surface tension, which serves to pull additional epithelium from the concrete surface. As the float continues along the concrete surface, the epithelium in the concave surface 476 is redeposited on the concrete surface by the other of the concrete contacting surfaces 472 or 474, e.g., by sliding over the epithelium. As described more fully below, the second concrete contacting surface 474 is the trailing or distal edge, and the angle between the trailing portion 430A and the trailing edge 431A breaks the surface tension with as much of the epithelium as possible, allowing as much of the epithelium as possible to remain on the surface of the concrete rather than on the trailing edge of 431A.

[0080] 13E-13H show schematics of alternative float configurations having several types of proximal and distal edges adjacent to respective concrete contact surfaces, for example, for use with floats having concave bottom surfaces. Any float configuration, including any of those described herein, can be configured to have one or more concave surfaces between the proximal and distal edges adjacent to the respective concrete contact surfaces, and the configuration of the upper portion of the float can be configured as desired. Each of the float configurations depicted in FIGS. 13E-13H will be considered the same for purposes of this discussion for simplicity purposes, but it should be understood that any float can be configured to have any desired structure and function, with the desired concave float bottom surface and proximal and distal edge portions described with respect to FIGS. 13E-13H.

[0081] In float configuration 486A (FIGS. 13E-13F), the float includes a concave bottom surface 476A extending between a proximal concrete contact surface 488A and a distal concrete contact surface 490A on either side of the concave surface 476A. The concave bottom surface 476A can be any of the concave surfaces described herein or the like. A straight ramp surface 492A extends upward from the concrete contact surface 488A and proximally away from the concave surface. A proximal edge 493A is defined by an angle between the proximal concrete contact surface 488A and the straight ramp surface 492A, which can be any suitable angle that reduces or minimizes the likelihood of the proximal edge 493A cutting or cutting into the concrete. The proximal concrete contact surface 488A contacts the underlying concrete surface and applies pressure thereto, bringing the surface to the surface, while the straight ramp surface 492A allows the float to advance across the concrete surface. Surface tension in the epithelium encourages tilt of the epithelium towards the upward and concave surface 476A of the concrete surface.

[0082] In this embodiment of float 486A, distal wall 494A extends at an angle of approximately 90° to distal concrete contact surface 490A. Distal wall 494A joins distal concrete contact surface 490A at distal edge 495A, which is a relatively sharp edge. The sharp edge reduces the likelihood of surface tension lifting onto the surface of distal wall 494A and encourages spreading of epithelium behind the distal edge and onto the adjacent concrete surface.

[0083] In another float configuration 486B (FIG. 13G), substantially the same surfaces are labeled with the same reference numbers followed by a "B" and have substantially the same structure and function as the same or similar structure and function described herein. In this example, float 486B includes a proximal ramp 496B that joins to a proximal concrete contacting surface 488B along a radiused or curved edge 497B. The radiused or curved edge 497B reduces or minimizes the possibility that the proximal edge 497B will cut into or cut into the concrete.

[0084] In a further float configuration 486C (FIG. 13H), substantially the same surfaces are labeled with the same reference numbers followed by a "C" and have substantially the same structure and function as the same or similar structure and function described herein. In this example, float 486C includes a proximal ramp, which is a straight ramp surface 492C defining a proximal edge 493C defined by an angle between surface 492C and a proximal concrete contacting surface 488C. In a similar manner, the float includes a distal ramp, which is a straight ramp surface 497C at a distal portion of the float that joins to a distal concrete contacting surface 490C at a distal edge 498C, whose edge is defined by an angle between the straight ramp surface 497C and the distal concrete contacting surface 490C. In this example, the proximal and distal straight ramps extend at equal and opposite angles, although they can also be different from one another. When at the same angle, the float is symmetrical and either of the edges can be the proximal edge and either of the concrete contacting surfaces can be the proximal concrete contacting surface. However, it should be understood that the distal ramp surface 497C, when configured to be the distal portion of the float, can extend at any of several angles, one purpose being to reduce any amount of epithelium that may stick to the distal surface through surface tension.

[0085] The interface can be configured to be used with a geometry on the vibratory unit and / or pivot and / or to interface with a concrete finishing tool, such as a float, groover, or other finishing tool. The interface can be a component that is to be secured onto the vibratory unit and / or pivot for interfacing with the concrete finishing tool, or the interface can be a component that is to be secured to the concrete finishing tool for interfacing with the vibratory unit and / or pivot. The interface can take several configurations, and in examples of interfaces that are to be secured to the vibratory unit and / or pivot, the interface will have a configuration that allows it to be secured to the vibratory unit and / or pivot according to the existing mounting configuration of the vibratory unit and / or pivot. For example, on an existing vibratory unit and / or pivot, the interface will have a configuration such that it can be included as part of an adapter and secured to the vibratory unit and / or pivot. In some embodiments, the configuration will be as simple as having four fastener openings in a matching or sufficiently similar pattern to allow the interface to be secured to the vibratory unit and / or pivot using four conventional fasteners on the equipment. Another portion of the adapter will have an interface configured to allow for interface contact with a concrete finishing tool.

[0086] In embodiments of the adapter that is to be secured to a concrete finishing tool, the adapter will have a configuration that allows it to be secured to the concrete finishing tool according to the existing mounting configuration of the finishing tool to interface with the vibratory unit and / or pivot. In some embodiments, the configuration will be as simple as having four fastener openings in a matching or sufficiently similar pattern to allow the adapter to be secured to the finishing tool using four fasteners conventional to the equipment. Another portion of the adapter will be configured to allow it to interface with the vibratory unit and / or pivot.

[0087] The interfaces described herein can be incorporated into the original equipment of the concrete finishing tool and / or pivot assembly, or they can be incorporated into an adapter or adapter pair. When incorporated into an adapter pair, one adapter will be secured to the concrete finishing tool and the other adapter will be secured to the pivot assembly. The interfaces on the adapter pair will be complementary to allow for that attachment. When the interfaces are incorporated into a single adapter, for example, for either the pivot assembly or the concrete finishing tool, the other of the concrete finishing tool or pivot assembly that it is intended to be used with already includes the complementary interfaces for which the single adapter is to be used.

[0088] For example, the interfaces for the original equipment or one or a pair of adapters can have several configurations, including quick attachment and release configurations, simplified fastening configurations, e.g., by omitting threaded fasteners, and configurations using relatively few steps. The interface configurations described herein have engagement surfaces for mating interface configurations, where the engagement surfaces are not threaded surfaces. The interfaces, in some configurations, allow the vibration unit and / or pivot interface to be aligned or mated, mated with the tool interface, and secured in a single mating or mating motion. The interfaces in other configurations allow the vibration unit and / or pivot interface to be aligned or mated, mated with the tool interface, and secured using two or relatively few motions. The interfaces, in some configurations, allow them to be aligned or mated, limited or prevented from moving in one or more of the X, Y, and / or Z directions, and if further fastening is required, further fastening, e.g., by latches, pins, cams, or the like, can be mated to secure the interface in the remaining or multiple directions. For example, some interfaces can be configured to have limited movement in the Y and Z directions after they are aligned or mated and joined, in other examples, some interfaces can be configured to have limited movement in the X and Y directions after they are aligned or mated and joined, and in still other interfaces, the interfaces can be configured to have limited movement in the X, Y, and Z directions under normal operating conditions after they are aligned or mated and joined.

[0089] The adapter may be configured with an interface to be used with a grooved or channel structure, including one with a longitudinally extending groove, as described with respect to groove 600, and may include adapter 500A having a dovetail interface 530 configuration similar to a tenon (FIGS. 16 and 17). In this example, once the interface is aligned or mated and joined with a corresponding complementary component, movement of the interface is limited to the Y and Z directions, i.e., proximal and distal, and upward. In this context, the X direction is taken to be laterally or transverse to the concrete tool, and the Y direction represents the standard direction of movement. Alternatively, interface 530 may be configured to be complementary to other geometries, as desired, such that the interface may interengage with such other geometries complementary to interfaces in the trowel pivot or vibration tool structure and be used to interface between the trowel pivot or vibration tool and the concrete float. The interface 530 can inter-engage with the groove configuration 600 described herein as well as any other groove or channel configurations in the trowel pivoting or vibrating tool structure, in this embodiment, that are complementary to the interface 530, and can be used to interface between the trowel pivoting or vibrating tool and the concrete float. In this embodiment, the interface 530 extends longitudinally and includes a relatively wide upper surface 532 that extends downward in a trapezoidal configuration and converges inwardly along angled side surfaces 534 to a portion 536 of the float mounting structure 538. The portion 536 can take the form of a boss or ridge extending along the upper portion of the float mounting structure 538 that can be configured for reinforcement or strength. The interfaces 500, 500A, 600, and 600A described herein limit relative movement in the Y and Z directions after the interface is matched or mated and mated with its complementary structure by movement in the X direction before final bonding. After final bonding, the assembly is also bonded in the X direction, so movement in the X direction is limited.

[0090] In this configuration, the float mounting structure 538 is configured as a relatively planar mounting plate with multiple (in this embodiment, four) mounting holes 540 that are used to mount the adapter 500A to the float (FIGS. 16 and 17). The mounting holes are arranged in a pattern on the mounting plate to accommodate fasteners for the same pattern in the concrete float, in this embodiment a rectangular pattern. The configuration of the adapter 500A is suitable for mounting to a float such as the float 400 through a suitable fastening arrangement. Additionally or alternatively, the adapter 500A is suitable for mounting to a conventional float configuration having one or more, in this embodiment four, threaded openings or receptacles in the upper surface of the float, with fasteners used to press or compress the float mounting structure 538 against the upper surface of the float. Other float configurations can be adapted to receive the adapter 500A, or the float mounting structure can be modified such that the interface can be used to mount to other float configurations, for example, with different fasteners or mounting patterns, a non-planar bottom surface for the float mounting structure, or the like. The interface 530 can be secured to the float mounting structure 538 in some manner, for example, with fasteners that thread into the openings 542, and / or by welding, or the like. Alternatively, the interface 530 can be monolithically or otherwise integrally formed with the float mounting surface 538.

[0091] The float mounting structure 538 can have a uniform thickness, for example, the thickness of the portion 536 that supports the interface 530. Alternatively, the float mounting structure 538 can have a smaller thickness in the area of ​​the mounting holes 540, with the reinforcing structure having a greater thickness, for example, that supports the interface 530 and extends between adjacent mounting holes 540.

[0092] The interface can also be configured for use with a geometry on the concrete float to provide interfacing contact between the concrete float and the trowel pivot or oscillating tool structure. In one example, the interface can be configured for use with a longitudinally extending ridge, land, tenon, or other geometry on the concrete float, including, for example, interface component 500. Alternatively, the interface for use with a geometry on the concrete float can be configured to be complementary to the other geometry, as desired, such that the interface can interengage with such other geometry complementary to the interface on the concrete float and be used to provide interfacing contact between the concrete float and the trowel pivot or oscillating assembly. In one example, adapter 600A (FIGS. 18-20) can include an interface that can be used to interengage with interface component 500 or similar geometry described herein, for example, having top surface 508 and side surfaces 502 and 504. In this embodiment, the adapter 600A includes an upper surface 650, which in the illustrated embodiment is generally planar, and an opposite side 652. The opposite side 652 includes a contour that is substantially complementary to a geometry on the concrete float with which the adapter 600A will be used. The interface has sufficient structure to support the concrete float on the trowel pivot or oscillating tool assembly during normal operation, which may be determined in part by the configuration of the complementary geometry on the concrete float. In this embodiment, the complementary geometry is determined by the interface component 500, and the adapter 600A extends longitudinally to engage the complementary geometry of the interface component 500.

[0093] The adapter 600A has an interface with a non-circular cross-sectional profile that is generally trapezoidal in the illustrated configuration, having a shape that approximates a mortise. The profile includes a generally straight laterally and vertically extending surface 654 that extends downwardly and terminates at the sides at converging sidewalls 656 and 658 that terminate at a bottom surface 670 of the adapter 600A. The straight surfaces and converging sidewalls extend vertically of the adapter 600A and define an interface geometry interengagement with a complementary geometry on the concrete float. In this configuration, the adapter 600A can be used to assemble a pivot or vibrating assembly together with a concrete float having a geometry thereon, such as the interface component 500. The adapter 600A can be used to mount to a pivot or vibrating assembly on a concrete float having another geometry thereon by having the adapter 600A incorporate a geometry complementary to a geometry on the concrete float.

[0094] In one configuration, the adapter 600A includes guide surfaces to help align the adapter 600A during assembly with a corresponding geometry on the concrete float. In one embodiment, the guide surfaces can have substantially the same structure and function as the chute or converging inlet 602 described herein with respect to the channel 600. In this embodiment, each longitudinal end of the adapter 600A includes substantially mirror image guide profiles 660 and 662, respectively, as shown, only one of which will be further described. In the illustrated embodiment, the guide profile 660 includes spaced apart, generally linear, converging surfaces 664 and 666 that extend from a longitudinal end portion 668 of the adapter 600A to respective side walls 658 and 656. Each converging surface extends in a respective plane that is generally normal to a plane containing the longitudinally extending surface 654.

[0095] The adapter 600A also includes a respective ramp surface at each longitudinal end portion 668. The ramp surfaces at one longitudinal end are substantially mirror images of the ramp surfaces at the opposite longitudinal end, with only one set of ramp surfaces as will be further described. In the illustrated embodiment, the adapter 600A includes first and second ramp surfaces 672 and 674. Each ramp surface extends laterally outward from either the adjacent converging surface 664 or 666 to a respective perimeter portion of the adapter 600A. Each ramp surface extends inward from a respective longitudinal end portion 668 toward the opposite longitudinal end portion to a bottom surface 670. Each ramp surface serves to guide the adapter 600A into engagement with a complementary component on a concrete float assembly.

[0096] In the illustrated embodiment, the adapter 600A includes a number of fasteners 676 and 678 that thread into respective threaded openings in the top of the adapter 600A. The fasteners can be used in substantially the same manner as the fasteners 610 described with respect to Figures 1-5 herein. When the adapter 600A is mounted on a complementary component on a concrete float assembly, such as float assembly 400 with interface component 500, the fasteners 676 and 678 can be threaded into engagement with the interface component 500 and place the complementary surfaces under tension, thereby securing the adapter 600A and any associated pivot or oscillating assembly together with the concrete float assembly.

[0097] The adapter 600A can include one or more mounting configurations for mounting the adapter 600A to an upper pivot or vibrating assembly for use with a concrete float on which the adapter 600A is mounted. In this embodiment, the mounting configuration includes one or more fastener openings, in this embodiment two sets of four fastener openings in each set 680 and 682, respectively. Other mounting arrangements may be used in the alternative. In this embodiment, the first set of fastener openings 680 can be arranged in a rectangular array and used to secure a first configuration for the pivot or vibrating assembly, and the second set of fastener openings 682 can be used to secure a second configuration for the pivot or vibrating assembly. For example, the fastener openings can receive a bolt through the opening to thread into a complementary threaded component, such as a nut or threaded bore. Other arrangements can be used to secure the adapter 600A on a pivot or vibrating assembly for use with a concrete float assembly.

[0098] The complementary interface components can be configured, assembled together, or combined together such that a concrete float of any of the plurality of concrete floats can be mounted on and supported by a pivot assembly of any of the plurality of pivot assemblies. One example of an assembly of complementary interface components includes an adapter 500A and an adapter 600A, illustrated in one example in FIGS. 21 and 23. The adapter 500A and the adapter 600A can be first and second interface components that interengage with one another through one or more complementary structures, in this example a dovetail joint arrangement, but may include any of the complementary structures described herein. The first and second interface components also allow for easy connection and disconnection of the associated concrete float and pivot assembly components, for example, due to the interengagement. The first and second interface components can be provided together as an assembly, for example, in the form of a kit that can be sold for use in assembling a suitable concrete float and a suitable pivot assembly. The first and second interface components can be configured such that the first interface component can be attached to or configured to attach to a variety of concrete floats, and the second interface component can be attached to or configured to attach to a variety of pivot assemblies. In this example, the adapter 500A and the adapter 600A are provided as an assembly or kit, allowing a user to attach the adapter 500A to a conventional float 700 through suitable fasteners, e.g., as described herein with respect to the adapter 500A, and to attach the adapter 600A to a pivot assembly, e.g., as described herein with respect to the adapter 600A. In the example illustrated in Figures 21-23, the adapter 500A is secured into respective ones of the four internally threaded openings in the longitudinally extending ribs 702 of the concrete float through fasteners 704, e.g., through openings 540 (Figures 16-17) into threaded openings in the concrete float.In this embodiment, the concrete float 700 has an existing threaded opening for receiving a complementary fastener on the pivot assembly, as is conventional. Also, in this embodiment, the adapter 500A is configured so that the fastener 704 can use the existing threaded bore to secure the adapter 500A to the float 700. In addition, the adapter 500A can also be configured to have sufficient openings to allow connection to other concrete float configurations, or may have additional attachment configurations to accommodate other float configurations. Conversely, the adapter 500A can be configured to be uniquely attached to only a single concrete float configuration.

[0099] The second interface component of the assembly takes the form of an adapter 600A, in this embodiment, as described herein. The adapter 600A is secured to a pivot assembly 706, shown diagrammatically in Figs. 21 and 23. In this embodiment, the adapter 600A is secured to the pivot assembly 706 through one or more of the sets of openings 680 and / or 682 (Fig. 19). However, other means for attaching the adapter 600A to a pivot assembly, such as the pivot assembly 706, may also be included or incorporated within the adapter 600A, allowing the adapter 600A to be configured to be attached to different pivot assemblies or to only be attached to a single pivot assembly configuration. The pivot assembly 706 may represent any conventional pivot assembly, or vibrating assembly, or be configured to mount to a vibrating assembly and / or pivot assembly as described herein.

[0100] In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 21-23, the interface assembly allows for easy or quick attachment and release of the pivot assembly from the float. The adapter 500A can be mounted to the concrete float 700 using removable fasteners, or in another embodiment, it may be permanently secured to the concrete float, for example, by welding or otherwise. Similarly, the adapter 600A can be releasably mounted to the pivot assembly, or in another embodiment, it may be configured to be permanently incorporated into the pivot assembly. The adapter 500A provides a four-point attachment configuration using a relatively planar support structure, or other male interengaging components, for attachment and to support the dovetail interface 530. Alternatively, the interface components attached to the concrete float can include female interengaging components, and the interface components attached to the pivot assembly can include male interengaging components. The interface or interengaging configuration or geometry in the illustrated example is a dovetail joint configuration, but other configurations may include other mortise and tenon joint configurations, planar components secured to one another by posts as one extends through an opening through the other, secured by pins such as cotter pins or other fasteners, sandwiching of planar components, cam plates and follower plates assembled either sideways to engage with one another, or forward like a foot in a shoe, or backwards and secured by pins, cover plates, or other fasteners, or the planar components can be secured by magnetic forces, latches, spring loaded detent retaining components, over-center latches, or other secureable interengaging geometries.

[0101] The interface components can take several configurations, and any of the interface components described herein can be used to mate a concrete finishing tool, such as those described herein, with a control assembly, e.g., pivot assembly, vibration assembly, and assembly, or other components. The interface component can be formed as part of an assembly associated therewith, or can be attached as would occur with an aftermarket device. The interface component can also be formed as part of one or more adapters, and a pair of complementary adapters can be used to retrofit an existing equipment or existing equipment design. Examples of a pair of complementary adapters will be described below, but it should be understood that any given interface component included as part of an adapter or pair of adapters can be incorporated into the associated equipment, e.g., concrete finishing tool and / or control assembly, such as pivot assembly, and vibration assembly, and the like. It should also be understood that any adapter described as part of a pair of adapters can be used independently to mate a suitable mating interface with its associated assembly. The pair of adapters described below include an interface component, and any one or both can be incorporated into the adapter with the underlying equipment. Some of the interface components are passive and some are active. Some of the interface components limit movement in one or more of the X, Y, or Z directions prior to sealing, and after sealing, they limit movement in all three directions once the interface components are matched or mated and joined for sealing. The means for interfacial contact between the concrete finishing tool and the pivoting assembly, with or without the vibrating device, is any of the interface components discussed herein.

[0102] The passive interface components are contained within a pair of adapters 2400 (FIG. 24) having a tool adapter 2402 and a second adapter, in this example, a pivot adapter 2404. The tool adapter 2402 includes a suitable mounting arrangement 2406 for mounting the adapter to a concrete finishing tool, such as a float or groover, and the pattern for the mounting arrangement 2406 would approximate the mounting arrangement established in the tool. The pivot adapter 2404 also includes a mounting arrangement 2408 for mounting the adapter to a pivot assembly, and the pattern for the mounting arrangement 2408 would approximate the mounting arrangement established in the pivot assembly.

[0103] The mating adapter 2400 includes interface components that use a magnetic field to secure the interface together. In this example, the tool adapter 2402 includes multiple magnets 2410 formed in or on the adapter plate 2412. The size and distribution pattern of the magnets is selected as desired based on the size and weight of the components / assembly and the load. The tool adapter 2402 also includes a locator component to aid in the alignment or mating of the tool adapter and the pivot adapter 2404. In this example, the locator components are a pair of pins or posts 2414 that extend normal to the surface of the adapter plate 2412. The interface components for the pivot adapter 2404 include a dispersed iron-containing plate 2416, or other magnet-containing plate, for retention by the magnetic field provided by the magnets 2410. The pivot adapter also includes a locator component, in this example, an opening or aperture 2418.

[0104] Once the pair of adapters 2400 are secured to their individual components (concrete finishing tool and pivot assembly), the user can assemble the tool and pivot assembly by aligning or mating the individual adapters and joining or installing them together. The pins 2414 engage the openings 2418, limiting relative movement in the X and Y directions. The magnetic field generated by the magnets 2410 secures the adapters 2404 and limits movement in that direction. Thus, once the adapters are aligned and installed together, no further action by the user is required for reliable limiting of movement in the X, Y, and Z directions. Screwing fasteners, inserting pins, moving latches, or other elements involving user action can be omitted, but are optional. Furthermore, limiting movement in the Z direction is accomplished without additional user involvement. Securement of the adapter pair can also be accomplished using additional mechanisms, such as detent pins for passive interface components, or, for example, latches, locks, fasteners, or other active devices.

[0105] In another embodiment of a passive interface component (FIG. 25), a pair of adapters 2500 includes a tool adapter 2502 and a second adapter 2504, in this embodiment a pivot adapter. The tool adapter includes a suitable mounting arrangement 2506 for mounting the adapter to a concrete finishing tool, such as a float or groover, where the pattern for the mounting arrangement 2506 would approximate the mounting arrangement established in the tool. The pivot adapter 2504 also includes a mounting arrangement 2508 for mounting the adapter to a pivot assembly, where the pattern for the mounting arrangement 2508 would approximate the mounting arrangement established in the pivot assembly.

[0106] The mating adapter 2500 includes interface components that use detents and cavities to secure the interface together, in this example the tool adapter 2502 includes multiple detent pins 2510 secured into walls in the adapter plate 2512. The size and location of the detent pins are selected as desired based on the size and weight of the components / assembly and the load. The tool adapter 2502 includes cavities for receiving the detent pins, in this example laterally extending grooves 2514 on either side of the pivot adapter 2504, only one side of which is shown in FIG. 25. The tool adapter 2502 also includes locator components in the form of side walls 2516 and front and rear walls 2518 to help align or mate the adapters. The walls also help limit movement of the adapters relative to one another in the X and Y directions. Detents in the cavities limit movement in the Z direction.

[0107] Once the pair of adapters 2500 are secured to their individual components (concrete finishing tool and pivot assembly), the user can assemble the tool and pivot assembly by aligning or mating the individual adapters, joining them, and installing them together. The pivot adapter is positioned within walls 2516 and 2518, and the pivot adapter is pressed into the cavity defined by the walls such that the detents engage the grooves 2514. The detents limit movement in the Z direction. Thus, once the adapters are aligned and installed together, no further action by the user is required for reliable limiting of movement in the X, Y, and Z directions. Screwing of fasteners, insertion of pins, movement of latches, or other elements involving user action can be omitted, but is optional and limiting movement in the Z direction is accomplished without additional user involvement. Additionally or alternatively, securing of the adapter pair can also be accomplished using additional mechanisms, such as magnets for passive interface components, or, for example, latches, locks, fasteners, or other active devices.

[0108] In another embodiment of a device (interface component) that limits movement in the Z direction (FIG. 26), a pair of adapters 2600 includes a tool adapter 2602 and a second adapter 2604, in this embodiment a pivot adapter. The tool adapter includes a suitable mounting arrangement 2606 for mounting the adapter to a concrete finishing tool, such as a float or groover, and the pattern for the mounting arrangement 2606 would approximate the mounting arrangement established in the tool. The pivot adapter 2604 also includes a mounting arrangement 2608 for mounting the adapter to a pivot assembly, and the pattern for the mounting arrangement 2608 would approximate the mounting arrangement established in the pivot assembly.

[0109] The mating adaptor 2600 includes interface components that use an asymmetric channel or groove configuration, in this example, a dovetail geometry. The tool adaptor 2602 includes an asymmetric channel or groove 2610, in this example, a first vertical wall 2612 and a second undercut or angled wall 2614 such that the base of the channel or groove 2610 has a larger surface area than the surface of the opening to the channel in the Z direction. The pivot adaptor 2604 is a generally planar member with three generally vertical side walls and converging angled walls that are complementary to the angled walls 2614 in the tool adaptor. The angled walls 2614 limit the movement of the pivot adaptor 2604 in the X and Z directions, and the vertical walls 2612 limit the movement in the X direction.

[0110] The mating adapter 2600 also includes a positive fastening mechanism, in this example a driven latch 2616. The driven latch is retained in a latch cavity 2620 in the tool adapter by a suitable fastener 2618 and can pivot into a continuous latch cavity 2622 in a side surface, in this example an upper surface of the pivot adapter. The fastener 2618 can include a detent, cam arrangement, or other configuration to retain the latch in the latch cavity 2622 during normal operation.

[0111] Once the mating adapter 2600 is secured to its individual components (concrete finishing tool and pivot assembly), a user can assemble the tool and pivot assembly by aligning or mating and mating the individual adapters with the angled wall of the pivot adapter under the angled wall 2614 of the tool adapter and sliding the pivot adapter in the Y direction relative to the tool adapter. When the mating adapters are aligned, movement of the pivot adapter in the X and Z directions is limited, and when the user moves the latch 2616 into or over the pivot adapter, movement in the Y direction and all movement in the Z direction is limited. Threading of fasteners, insertion of pins, or other elements involving user action can be omitted, but are optional if it is desired to include such structures.

[0112] In another embodiment of a device (interface component) that limits movement in the Z direction (FIGS. 27-28), a pair of adapters 2700 includes a tool adapter 2702 and a second adapter 2704, in this embodiment a pivot adapter. The tool adapter includes a suitable mounting arrangement 2706 for mounting the adapter to a concrete finishing tool, such as a float or groover, and the pattern for the mounting arrangement 2706 would approximate the mounting arrangement established in the tool. The pivot adapter 2704 also includes a mounting arrangement 2708 for mounting the adapter to a pivot assembly, and the pattern for the mounting arrangement 2708 would approximate the mounting arrangement established in the pivot assembly.

[0113] The mating adaptor 2700 includes interface components that use asymmetric channel or groove configurations, in this example, dovetail and stair geometries. The tool adaptor 2702 includes an asymmetric channel or groove 2710, in this example, including an inverted staircase wall 2712 that forms a step 2714 that extends across the channel or groove 2710. The channel or groove 2710 also includes a second undercut or angled wall 2716. With the staircase wall 2712 and the angled wall 2716, the base of the channel or groove 27 has a larger surface area than the surface of the opening to the channel in the Z direction. The pivot adaptor 2704 is a generally planar member with two generally vertical side walls, a staircase wall 2718 on a third side, and a converging angled wall 2720 of the counterforce wall. The staircase wall and the angled wall limit the movement of the pivot adaptor 2704 in the X and Z directions.

[0114] The twin adaptor 2700 also includes a positive fastening mechanism, in this example a sliding latch 2722, which is retained under a retention bar 2724. The sliding latch may also be positioned in a groove in the side wall of the cavity through which it slides. The sliding latch includes a locking portion 2726 that, when activated by pushing an actuator structure 2728, extends across and / or into a cavity 2730 in the side and / or top of the pivot adaptor 2704. The sliding latch helps to limit movement of the pivot adaptor tool relative to the tool adaptor in the X, Y, and Z directions.

[0115] Once the mating adapter 2700 is secured within its individual components (concrete finishing tool and pivot assembly), the user can assemble the tool and pivot assembly by aligning or mating and joining the individual adapters with the angled wall of the pivot adapter under the angled wall of the tool adapter and the pivot step wall under the tool adapter step wall, and sliding the pivot adapter in the Y direction relative to the tool adapter. When the mating adapters are aligned, movement of the pivot adapter in the X and Z directions is limited, and when the user moves the latch 2722 into or over the pivot adapter, movement in the Y direction and all movement in the Z direction is limited. Threading of fasteners, insertion of pins, or other elements involving user action can be omitted, but are optional if such structures are desired to be included.

[0116] In another embodiment of a device (interface component) that limits movement in the Z direction (FIGS. 29-32), a pair of adapters 2900 includes a tool adapter 2902 and a second adapter 2904, in this embodiment a pivot adapter. The tool adapter includes a suitable mounting arrangement 2906 for mounting the adapter to a concrete finishing tool, such as a float or groover, and the pattern for the mounting arrangement 2906 would approximate a mounting arrangement established in the tool. The pivot adapter 2904 also includes a mounting arrangement 2908 for mounting the adapter to a pivot assembly, and the pattern for the mounting arrangement 2908 would approximate a mounting arrangement established in the pivot assembly.

[0117] The mating adaptor 2900 includes an interface component that uses an asymmetric channel or groove configuration, in this example a dovetail-like geometry similar to that described with respect to FIG. 26. The tool adaptor 2902 includes an asymmetric channel or groove 2910, in this example including a first vertical wall 2912 and a second undercut or angled wall 2914 such that the base of the channel or groove 2910 has a larger surface area than the surface of the opening to the channel in the Z direction. The pivot adaptor 2904 is a generally planar member with a dovetail interface component 2916, similar to dovetail 530, attached, secured, or otherwise fabricated to a portion of the planar member. The dovetail interface geometry and configuration is substantially similar to the dovetail 530 described herein. The dovetail interface components and angled wall 2914 limit the movement of the pivot adapter 2904 in the X and Z directions, while the vertical wall 2912 limits the movement in the X direction.

[0118] The twin adaptor 2900 also includes a positive locking mechanism, in this embodiment a biasing or compression wedge 2918 (FIGS. 29-30 and 33). The compression wedge includes a slide plate 2920 and an angled wall 2922. A generally straight and vertical sidewall 2924 is opposite the angled wall 2922 and a boss 2926 extends away from the vertical sidewall 2924. A threaded bolt or screw 2928 (FIG. 29) is secured longitudinally to one side of the tool adaptor 2902 and is allowed to rotate relative to the tool adaptor. The threaded bolt threads into the boss 2924 and rotation of the bolt extends or retracts the compression wedge 2918.

[0119] Once the mating adapter 2900 is secured to its individual components (concrete finishing tool and pivot assembly), a user can assemble the tool and pivot assembly by aligning or mating and mating the individual adapters and sliding the pivot adapter in the Y direction relative to the tool adapter, with the angled wall 2922 of the compression wedge recessed or concealed in a cavity in the tool adapter 2902 beneath a cover plate 2930 secured by a number of fasteners 2932. Once the adapters are aligned, the bolt is pivoted or rotated to draw the angled wall 2922 against a complementary angled wall on the interface component 2916, and pressure is applied to the dovetail joint 2916, clamping it between the angled wall 2922 and the angled wall 2914. The mating adapter is then secured in each of the X, Y, and Z directions. The threading of additional fasteners, insertion of pins, movement of latches, or other elements involving user action can be omitted and are not required to secure the adapters to one another, but are optional if desired to be included.

[0120] In another embodiment of a device (interface component) that limits movement in the Z direction (FIGS. 34-35), a pair of adapters 3400 includes a tool adapter 3402 and a second adapter 3404, in this embodiment a pivot adapter. The tool adapter includes a suitable mounting arrangement 3406 for mounting the adapter to a concrete finishing tool, such as a float or groover, and the pattern for the mounting arrangement 3406 would approximate the mounting arrangement established in the tool. The pivot adapter 3404 also includes a mounting arrangement 3408 for mounting the adapter to a pivot assembly, and the pattern for the mounting arrangement 3408 would approximate the mounting arrangement established in the pivot assembly.

[0121] The mating adaptor 3400 includes an interface component that uses an asymmetric channel or groove configuration, in this example a groove combined with a stepped surface. The tool adaptor 3402 includes an asymmetric channel or groove 3410, in this example including a recessed channel 3412 and a cross or stepped wall 3414. The upwardly facing surface of the cross wall 3414 includes a plurality of locating elements in the form of locating pins 3416 for receiving and positioning a bar or plate 3418. The cross wall and plate 3418 form a recessed channel 3420.

[0122] The mating adapter 3400 also includes a positive fastening mechanism, in this example a threaded bolt 3422 ( FIG. 34 ). The threaded bolt threads into a threaded opening in the upper surface of the cross wall 3414 and includes a lower bearing surface for bearing against the plate 3418. When the bolt is threaded into its bore, the bearing surface bears against the plate 3418 and applies pressure to the plate, urging it downwardly towards the lower tool adapter 3402.

[0123] Once the mating adapter 3400 is secured to its individual components (concrete finishing tool and pivot assembly), the user can assemble the tool and pivot assembly by aligning or mating and mating the individual adapters with the base wall 3424 on the pivot adapter extending into the recessed grooves 3412 and 3420, and sliding the pivot adapter relative to the tool adapter in the Y direction. When the front and rear faces of the pivot adapter are aligned with the front and rear sides of the tool adapter, relative movement between the pivot adapter and the tool adapter in the Z direction and movement in the X direction is limited. When the user securely seats the bolt 3422 against the plate 3418, the plate applies pressure to the underlying base wall 3424 on the pivot adapter, holding the pivot adapter in place and limiting movement of the pivot adapter in the Y direction as well as the X and Z directions. The mating adapter is then secured in each of the X, Y, and Z directions. The threading of additional fasteners, insertion of pins, movement of latches, or other elements involving user action can be omitted and are not required to secure the adapters to one another, but are optional if desired to be included.

[0124] In another embodiment of a device (interface component) that limits movement in the X and Y directions (FIG. 36), a pair of adapters 3600 includes a tool adapter 3602 and a second adapter 3604, in this embodiment a pivot adapter. The tool adapter includes a suitable mounting arrangement 3606 for mounting the adapter to a concrete finishing tool, such as a float or groover, and the pattern for the mounting arrangement 3606 would approximate the mounting arrangement established in the tool. The pivot adapter 3604 also includes a mounting arrangement 3608 for mounting the adapter to a pivot assembly, and the pattern for the mounting arrangement 3608 would approximate the mounting arrangement established in the pivot assembly.

[0125] The twin adaptor 3600 includes interface components that use pins or posts and openings to allow easy assembly of the adaptors while limiting movement in the X and Y directions. The tool adaptor 3602 includes a pair of spaced apart pins or posts 3610, each with a respective opening or bore 3612 for receiving a cotter pin or other fastening pin 3614 after the pivot adaptor is installed. The pivot adaptor includes a pair of locating openings 3616 for engaging respective ones of the pins 3610 when the two adaptors are aligned and mated together.

[0126] The twin adaptor 3600 includes a positive locking configuration, in this example, engagement of a cotter pin 3614 within a respective bore 3612 after the pivot adaptor 3604 is seated over a pin or post 3610 and against the facing surface of the tool adaptor 3602 .

[0127] Once the mating adapter 3600 is secured to its individual components (concrete finishing tool and pivot assembly), the user can assemble the tool and pivot assembly by aligning or mating and mating the individual adapters and placing the pivot adapter opening 3616 over the pin or post 3610. When the pivot adapter is against the facing surface of the tool adapter 3602, relative movement between the pivot adapter and the tool adapter in the X and Y directions is limited. When the user inserts the cotter pin 3614, the pivot adapter 3604 is held in place on the post relative to the tool adapter such that the mating adapter is limited to movement in the X, Y, and Z directions. Threading of fasteners, insertion of additional pins, movement of latches, or other elements involving user action can be omitted and are not required to secure the adapters to each other, but are optional if desired to be included.

[0128] In another embodiment of a device (interface component) that limits movement in the Z direction (FIGS. 37-38), a pair of adapters 3700 includes a tool adapter 3702 and a second adapter 3704, in this embodiment a pivot adapter. The tool adapter includes a suitable mounting feature (not visible) for mounting the adapter to a concrete finishing tool, such as a float or groover, and the pattern for the mounting feature would approximate the mounting feature established in the tool. In this embodiment, the mounting feature is fitted into the base of the adapter 3702 and is covered by the pivot adapter 3704. The pivot adapter 3704 also includes a mounting feature 3708 for mounting the adapter to a pivot assembly, and the pattern for the mounting feature 3708 would approximate the mounting feature established in the pivot assembly.

[0129] The twin adaptor 3700 includes interface components that use an asymmetric cavity configuration, in this example a cavity having three generally straight sidewalls and a fourth undercut wall. The adaptor 3702 includes an asymmetric cavity 3710 defined by three generally straight vertical sidewalls 3712 and an undercut or dovetail angled wall 3714. Together the walls form the asymmetric cavity 3710. The pivot adaptor includes three generally straight walls 3716 and an angled converging wall 3718.

[0130] The twin adapter 3700 also includes a number of positive locking mechanisms, in this example a drive latch plate 3720 and a threaded or otherwise lockable insert pin 3722 configured to extend through the wall 3712 and into the pivot adapter 3704. Once the latch plate and insert pin are in place, the adapters are locked together and movement in the X, Y, and Z directions is limited.

[0131] Once the mating adapter 3700 is secured to its individual components (concrete finishing tool and pivot assembly), the user can assemble the tool and pivot assembly by aligning or mating and mating the individual adapters. The angled wall 3718 of the pivot adapter is positioned under the angled wall 3714 in the tool adapter cavity 3710 and the remainder of the pivot adapter is inserted or lowered into the tool adapter cavity 3710. With the pivot adapter in the tool adapter cavity, movement in the Z direction is limited and also movement in the X and Y directions is limited. The user can then position the latch plate 3720 over the pivot adapter and insert the pin 3722 into the corresponding opening in the pivot adapter 3704 and secure it. Any additional fastener insertion, additional pin insertion, additional latch movement, or other elements involving user action can be omitted and are not necessary to secure the adapters, but are optional if desired to be included.

[0132] In another embodiment of a device (interface component) that limits movement in the Z direction (FIGS. 39-40), a pair of adapters 3900 includes a tool adapter 3902 and a second adapter 3904, in this embodiment a pivot adapter. The tool adapter includes a suitable mounting arrangement 3906 for mounting the adapter to a concrete finishing tool, such as a float or groover, where the pattern for the mounting arrangement 3906 would approximate a mounting arrangement established in the tool. The pivot adapter 3904 also includes a mounting arrangement 3908 for mounting the adapter to a pivot assembly, where the pattern for the mounting arrangement 3908 would approximate a mounting arrangement established in the pivot assembly.

[0133] The mating adapter 3900 may use a twist connection, include an interface component, or alternatively use a bayonet mount. The tool adapter 3902 includes a slot or groove 3910 through an upper surface 3912 of the tool adapter. The slot 3910 is configured to receive a plate or boss 3914 that extends or rises from an adjacent surface of the pivot adapter 3904. The plate 3914 has a shape and surface configuration to allow reliable insertion of the plate through the slot 3910 and ensure that it contacts the bearing surface 3916 and bears within a cavity 3918 in the bottom surface 3920 of the tool adapter.

[0134] Once the pair of adapters 3900 are secured to the individual components (concrete finishing tool and pivot assembly), the user can assemble the tool and pivot assembly by aligning or mating and mating the individual adapters such that the plates 3914 fit through the openings 3910, then pivot the components a quarter turn or 90° relative to one another and the plates 3914 bear against the bearing surfaces 3916. When the pivot adapters are so aligned, the relative movement between the pivot adapter and the tool adapter in the Z direction and the movement in the X and Y directions is limited. The pair of adapters are then secured in each of the X, Y, and Z directions. Screwing fasteners, inserting pins, moving latches, or other elements involving user action can be omitted and are not required to secure the adapters to one another, but are optional if desired to be included.

[0135] In another embodiment of a device (interface component) for limiting movement at 42, a pair of adapters 4100 includes a tool adapter 4102 and a second adapter 4104, in this embodiment a pivot adapter. The tool adapter includes a suitable mounting arrangement 4106 for mounting the adapter to a concrete finishing tool, such as a float or groover, and the pattern of the mounting arrangement 4106 would approximate the mounting arrangement established in the tool. The pivot adapter 4104 also includes a mounting arrangement 4108 for mounting the adapter to a pivot assembly, and the pattern for the mounting arrangement 4108 would approximate the mounting arrangement established in the pivot assembly.

[0136] The twin adaptor 4100 includes an interface component that employs an asymmetric cavity. The tool adaptor 4102 includes an asymmetric cavity 4110, in this example defined by three vertical walls 4112 and an undercut or angled wall 4114. In this configuration of the asymmetric cavity, the area of ​​the base of the cavity exceeds the area of ​​the opening defined by the four walls. The pivot adaptor 4104 includes three generally straight vertical walls 4116 that conform to the generally vertical walls 4112 and a converging angled wall 4118 that conforms to the undercut angled wall 4114.

[0137] The twin adaptor 4100 also includes a positive fastening mechanism, in this embodiment a biased lever 4120 that is biased into engagement with an upper surface 4122 of the pivot adaptor. The lever 4120 is supported on each side by a respective post 4124 by one or more pins that extend into the post and lever. The lever is biased in a clockwise direction as seen in FIG. 41 by a coil spring (not shown). The lever is moved out of the way of the pivot adaptor 4104 to allow insertion or release of the pivot adaptor into or from the cavity by depressing the outer or exposed edge surface of the lever in a counterclockwise direction so that the adjacent portion of the pivot adaptor may ride over the path in and out of the cavity. In another configuration, the lever can be linearly biased in a direction such that the lever extends across the upper surface 4122 and by inserting the pivot adapter under the angled wall 4114 and pressing the opposite side of the pivot adapter against an adjacent edge of the lever, the lever is pushed outward and overcomes the path for the pivot adapter into the cavity. In such a configuration, manual depression or movement of the lever to insert the pivot adapter into the cavity can be avoided.

[0138] Once the mating adapter 4100 is secured to its individual components (concrete finishing tool and pivot assembly), the user can assemble the tool and pivot assembly by aligning or mating and mating the individual adapters and inserting the angled wall of the pivot adapter under the angled wall 4114 into the cavity. The lever 4120 is moved to overcome the path for the pivot adapter into the cavity, and the pivot adapter is seated in the cavity between the straight and angled walls. As a result, relative movement between the pivot adapter and the tool adapter in the X direction as well as in the Y direction is limited. In addition, when the lever 4120 is released, the lever applies pressure to the upper surface of the pivot adapter 4104, holding the pivot adapter in place and limiting further movement of the pivot adapter in the Z direction. The mating adapter is then secured in each of the X, Y, and Z directions. Threading of fasteners, insertion of pins, movement of latches or other elements involving user action may be omitted and are not required to secure the adapters to one another, but are optional if desired to be included.

[0139] In another embodiment of a device (interface component) that limits movement in the Z direction (FIGS. 43-44), a pair of adapters 4300 includes a tool adapter 4302 and a second adapter 4304, in this embodiment a pivot adapter. The tool adapter includes a suitable mounting arrangement 4306 for mounting the adapter to a concrete finishing tool, such as a float or groover, and the pattern for the mounting arrangement 4306 would approximate a mounting arrangement established in the tool. The pivot adapter 4304 also includes a mounting arrangement 4308 for mounting the adapter to a pivot assembly, and the pattern for the mounting arrangement 4308 would approximate a mounting arrangement established in the pivot assembly.

[0140] The mating adaptor 4300 includes an interface component that uses a retaining component on the tool adaptor and a complementary cavity or receptacle for receiving the retaining component. In an alternative configuration (not shown), the tool adaptor can include a cavity that conforms to the peripheral geometry of the pivot adaptor for receiving a comparably shaped pivot adaptor 4304.

[0141] The twin adapter 4300 also includes an active locking mechanism, in this example a locking lever 4310 on the tool adapter and a complementary cavity, recess, or engagement surface 4312 on the pivot adapter. The tool adapter includes oppositely positioned locking levers 4310, each mounted on a respective pivot bracket 4314 by one or more pins and pivots extending into the respective brackets. Each lever includes an internal active lever arm 4316 and a control lever arm 4318 on either side of a pivot axis. The active lever arm 4316 engages and bears against a corresponding cavity 4312 in the pivot adapter, and the control lever arm includes a bolt or other fastener 4320 rotatable within an opening in the control lever arm such that rotation of the bolt raises or lowers the control lever arm, thereby lowering or raising the active lever arm.

[0142] Once the mating adapter 4300 is secured to its individual components (concrete finishing tool and pivot assembly), a user can assemble the tool and pivot assembly by aligning or mating and mating the individual adapters with the lever raised sufficiently to allow the tool adapter to move in the Y direction under the lever, for example by sliding across the facing surfaces of the tool adapter. When the cavity 4312 on the pivot adapter is aligned with the individual active lever arm 4316, the pivot adapter is limited to movement in the Z direction. When the user screws the bolt 4320 and securely installs the active lever arm 4316 in the cavity 4312 of the pivot adapter, the pivot adapter's movement is limited to the X, Y, and Z directions. The mating adapter is then secured in each of the X, Y, and Z directions. The threading of additional fasteners, insertion of pins, movement of latches, or other elements involving user action can be omitted and are not required to secure the adapters to one another, but are optional if desired to be included.

[0143] In another embodiment of a device (interface component) that limits movement in the X direction (FIGS. 45-47), a pair of adapters 4500 includes a tool adapter 4502 and a second adapter 4504, in this embodiment a pivot adapter. The tool adapter includes a suitable mounting arrangement 4506 for mounting the adapter to a concrete finishing tool, such as a float or groover, and a pattern for the mounting arrangement 4506 would approximate a mounting arrangement established in the tool. The pivot adapter 4504 also includes a mounting arrangement 4508 for mounting the adapter to a pivot assembly, and a pattern for the mounting arrangement 4508 would approximate a mounting arrangement established in the pivot assembly.

[0144] The mating adaptor 4500 includes interface components that use interengagement blocks. In this example, the tool adaptor 4502 includes a mounting plate 4510 and a plurality of interengagement blocks 4512 on a first side 4514 of the mounting plate. The illustrated tool adaptor includes three interengagement blocks 4512. The pivot block 4504 also includes a mounting plate 4516 with an individual interengagement block 4518 mounted on a first surface 4520 of the mounting plate. It should be understood that although the individual interengagement blocks 4512 and 4518 have substantially the same geometric shape, they can be different while still providing for interengagement of the adaptors. The interengagement blocks interfit with corresponding interengagement blocks on the opposing adaptor.

[0145] The pair of adapters 4500 also include a positive locking mechanism in the form of a double-headed pin 4522 that is inserted into and passes through respective aligned bores in each of the interengaging blocks when the interengaging blocks are positioned such that their outer surfaces are flush with one another. The pin is held in place and secured by a cotter pin or other fastener 4524.

[0146] Once the mating adapter 4500 is secured to its individual components (concrete finishing tool and pivot assembly), the user can assemble the tool and pivot assembly by aligning or mating and mating the individual adapters through their interengaging blocks such that the bores through the blocks are aligned and the pin 4522 can be inserted into the bore. When the adapters are aligned, the relative movement of the adapters is limited to the X direction. When the user inserts the pin 4522, the movement of the pivot adapter and tool adapter is limited to the X, Y, and Z directions, and once the fastener 4524 is in place, the mating adapter is then secured in each of the X, Y, and Z directions. Threading of fasteners, insertion of additional pins, movement of latches, or other elements involving user action can be omitted and are not required to secure the adapters relative to one another, but are optional if desired to be included.

[0147] Another example of a concrete finishing tool includes a groover 4800 (FIGS. 48-50) used to provide grooves in hardening concrete. A control assembly, such as either a pivot assembly or a vibrating assembly, can be used to operate the groover, as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art upon review of the present disclosure herein. In the illustrated configuration, the groover 4800 includes a dished plate 4802 having a bottom surface 4804, curved side walls, and front and rear walls 4806. The groover includes a groove blade 4808 that extends the length of the plate 4802, and a guide post 4810 that extends upwardly from a distal wall of the groover.

[0148] Plate 4802 includes a number of spars or other stiffening structures 4812 on an upper surface of the plate. An interface component 4814 is positioned at the approximate center of the plate, extending laterally or in the X direction for receiving a complementary interface component on a control assembly, e.g., a pivot assembly. Interface component 4814 may take any of the configurations described herein and is illustrated to be similar to interface component 530 on adapter 500A. Interface component 4814 in the illustrated configuration includes all of the structure and functionality described with respect to interface component 530 and can be mated with a suitable interface component associated with a control assembly, e.g., a pivot assembly, a vibration assembly, or the like.

[0149] Any of the threaded fasteners described herein for securing interface components together can be supplemented or replaced by other securing mechanisms, including, but not limited to, cam devices, over-center devices, detent mechanisms, latch mechanisms, and the like.

[0150] In use, a concrete finishing machine such as that illustrated in FIG. 1, with or without a vibrating device, is assembled by moving the pivot assembly, aligning the interface component 600 and dovetail interface portion 500 laterally, and sliding the groove over the dovetail portion until the pivot assembly is centered over the dovetail 500. A fastener is threaded onto the dovetail, placing the groove and dovetail under tension. A handle is inserted into the pivot assembly and secured with a detent through the hole 208, and the display and / or vibration assembly, if used, can be turned on. In this configuration, the front portion 432 is the distal portion of the float and the rear portion 430 is the proximal portion to the user. The user then advances the float assembly in a conventional manner with an outward stroke, for example, either flat or with the front slightly elevated. On the return stroke, the trailing edge 431 can be raised slightly and, if desired, the trailing edge can be used to raise or cut off excess concrete, which is then rolled into the cavity 444. The outward and return strokes are repeated as necessary with the desired settings until the desired finished configuration is obtained. If desired, the pivot assembly can be removed from the float assembly, the float pivoted 180°, and the pivot assembly reattached. In this configuration, the front portion 432 becomes the proximal edge and the trailing edge 431 becomes the distal edge, and the concrete is further finished as desired. In this configuration, the distal edge is raised slightly on the outward stroke and then lowered again so that the float is flat during the return stroke. Oscillation can be used all the time or at selected times, and if not used continuously, can be used, for example, before or after the float is pivoted 180°, or as desired by the operator.

[0151] With the float having a concave surface on the bottom or work surface, such as that shown in Figures 13A-13H, the first contact surface 472, or 488A, 488B, 488C, or 498C, is the distal surface and the finishing device is applied as described above. The float is then pivoted 180° so that the first contact surface becomes the proximal edge. When the float is flat and the first and second surfaces contact the concrete, each surface applies pressure to the concrete, lifting and dispersing the epithelium. Surface tension brings the epithelium along the concave surface as a function of the curvature or height variation produced by the concavity. In addition, the sharp distal edge prevents the epithelium from rising to the distal edge.

[0152] With a float having a concave surface on the bottom or work surface such as that shown in Figures 13B-13H, the finish starts with surface 488, which is the distal surface, and surface 490 becomes the proximal surface. When the concrete is sufficiently flat, the float is pivoted 180°, surface 488 becomes the proximal surface, and edge 495 can reduce the surface tension of the epithelium and prevent it from migrating to the back wall. Float 486C can continue to be used without pivoting 180°.

[0153] Any of the float configurations described herein can be used in conjunction with end caps and / or weights. When using floats with end caps, it is easier to keep the upper surface of the float free of concrete. In addition, when used in conjunction with weights or end caps and vibration, the vibration mode can be more easily tailored to the configuration of the float and other equipment being used.

[0154] Having thus described several example implementations, it will be apparent that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the concepts discussed herein. Although such changes and modifications are not explicitly described above, they are nevertheless intended and suggested to be within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the foregoing description is intended to be illustrative only.

Claims

1. A vibrating apparatus for a concrete working tool, the vibrating apparatus comprising a vibrating device within a housing, the housing having a housing surface having an interface component configured such that engagement of a mating interface component on a concrete working tool limits movement of the vibrating apparatus away from the concrete working tool, and the engagement of the interface component on the housing and the mating interface component is placed under tension by a fastening element.

2. A vibration device as described in claim 1, wherein the engagement between the interface component on the concrete working tool and the mating interface component is other than a threaded engagement.

3. The vibration device of claim 1, wherein the interface component on the housing surface includes at least one of a threaded fastener, a pin, a detent, a sliding lock, a pressure plate, a cotter pin, a twist lock or a lever for securing the interface component on the housing surface to the mating interface component.

4. The vibrating device of claim 1, wherein the interface component on the housing surface includes a longitudinally extending channel configured to engage a complementary surface on a mating interface component on a concrete working tool.

5. A vibration assembly as described in claim 4, wherein the longitudinally extending channel includes at least one surface that limits movement of the vibration device away from a mating interface component on a concrete working tool and limits movement of the vibration device in a direction parallel to the housing surface.

6. A vibration assembly as described in claim 4, wherein the longitudinally extending channel includes a surface that extends at least partially upwardly and at an angle.

7. A vibration assembly as described in claim 4, wherein the longitudinally extending channel includes a dovetail portion.

8. A vibration assembly as described in claim 7, wherein the longitudinally extending channel includes a surface that extends at least partially upwardly and at an angle and a second surface that extends approximately parallel to the housing surface.

9. The vibration assembly described in claim 1, wherein the fixing element is supported by the housing.

10. A vibrating apparatus for a concrete working tool, the vibrating apparatus comprising a vibrating device within a housing, the housing having a base surface and a channel in the base surface for receiving a mating interface component on the concrete working tool, such that engagement of the channel on the housing with a mating interface component on the concrete working tool limits movement of the vibrating apparatus away from the concrete working tool, and engagement of the channel on the housing with the mating interface component is placed under tension by an anchoring element.

11. A vibration device as described in claim 10, wherein the vertically extending channel is formed integrally with the housing base surface.

12. A vibration device as described in claim 10, wherein the vertically extending channel is formed within a mounting element attached to the base surface of the housing.

13. The vibration device of claim 10, wherein the longitudinally extending channel includes a dovetail portion.

14. The vibration device described in claim 10, wherein the fixing element is supported by the housing.

15. A vibratory apparatus for a concrete working tool, the vibratory apparatus comprising a vibrating device within a housing having a base surface and a channel in the base surface for receiving a mating interface component on a concrete working tool such that engagement of the mating interface component with the longitudinally extending channel limits movement of the vibratory apparatus away from the concrete working tool, the vibratory apparatus comprising:

1. A vibration device comprising: an anchoring element, the anchoring element and the channel configured to place engagement of the mating interface components in the channel under tension, the anchoring element including a pin that is threaded into the housing and into and out of the channel.

16. A vibratory apparatus for a concrete finishing tool comprising a housing, a vibratory device supported within the housing, a dovetail groove extending longitudinally within a wall supported by the housing, and an anchoring device including a portion extending adjacent to the dovetail groove, the anchoring device configured to place under tension an engagement between the dovetail groove and an interface component mating with the dovetail groove.

17. The vibration device of claim 16, wherein the fastening device includes a portion extending into an opening into the dovetail groove.

18. The vibration device of claim 16, wherein the fastening device includes a pin that is threaded into a portion of the housing and is threadable into the dovetail groove.

19. A vibration device as described in claim 18, wherein the dovetail groove includes a straight wall extending parallel to a surface within the housing, and the pin is screwed into the straight wall approximately perpendicular to the straight wall.

20. A vibrating apparatus for a concrete finishing tool comprising a housing, a vibrating device supported within the housing, a dovetail groove extending longitudinally within a wall supported by the housing, and an anchoring device including a portion extending adjacent to the dovetail groove, the vibrating device including a rotating element on an axis extending in a direction parallel to the dovetail groove, the dovetail groove being formed in a surface of the housing.

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