Channel access indication for spectral reuse, power savings and coexistence

Abstract

To provide methods and devices for using a channel access indicator in new radio unlicensed (NR-U).SOLUTION: In a method in a communication system, UE1 accesses a channel before UE2 and transmits its channel access indicator (CAI). UE2 starts sensing the channel with clear channel assessment (CCA) with a prescribed threshold as part of category 4 listen-before-talk (CAT 4 LBT). As UE2 continues to sense the channel during its random backoff, UE2 detects higher energy. UE2 listens for and detects a CAI, and recognizes it as an intra-cell transmission. UE2 changes the LBT threshold and continues extended sensing with the higher threshold. If the energy is within this threshold, then UE2 transmits its scheduled physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) which is in frequency division multiplex (FDM) resources with the PUSCH of UE1.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

[Background technology]

[0001] LTE License Assisted Access

[0002] A carrier with at least one Scell ​​operating in unlicensed spectrum Aggregation is a method of accessing data through Licensed-Assisted Access (LA). A) is called the serving center configured for the UE in the LAA. The set of cells is a frame, also called LAA SCell, in the unlicensed spectrum. Always contains at least one SCell that operates according to system structure type 3. The LAA SCell functions as a normal SCell (Jonathan Ling, David Lopez-Perez, Mohammad R. Khawer, “Practical LTE and Wi-Fi Coexistence T. (See "Techniques beyond LBT", IEEE Communications Magazine, Oct 2017).

[0003] The LAA eNB and UE must listen before transmitting on the LAA SCell. Apply Listen-Before-Talk (LBT). LBT is a wireless transmitter. The printer first detects the media and only when it detects that the media is idle This is a method of transmitting signals, also known as Clear Channel Assessment (CCA). When LBT is applied, the transmitter listens / senses the channel and Determine if the channel is free or busy. If the channel is determined to be free, , the transmitter can transmit, but otherwise does not transmit. eNB uses channel access signals of other technologies for LAA channel access purposes In this case, the LAA eNB shall continue to meet the requirements for the maximum energy detection threshold of LAA. It is necessary to do so.

[0004] There are various LBT methods, but the Third Generation Partnership Project (Third Generation The 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) recommendation is LBT load-based equipment. Category 4 (LBT-Load Based Equipment Category 4) is a category that is similar to WiF Adding a random access protocol similar to i (Wireless Fidelity) to LTE / Ensuring a standardized way to ensure not only WiFi coexistence, but also LTE / LTE coexistence In Release 14 (Rel-14), the downlink (DL) and uplink There are several methods that can be implemented by the eNB and the UE for both uplink (UL) and uplink (UL) transmissions. A channel access procedure has been introduced. The main channel access procedure is S 36.213, Physical Layer Procedures (Release 15), V15.0.0 (3GPP TS 36.213, Section 15 of Physical Layer Procedures (Release 15), V15.0.0 ) as explained in

[0005] LTE Frame Structure Type 3

[0006] Frame structure type 3 is the secondary current of the LAA with a normal cyclic prefix. Each radio frame has length Tf =307200 T S =10 ms and the length is T slоt =15360 T S =Numbers from 0 to 19 in 0.5ms A subframe consists of 20 slots, each of which is marked with a hexadecimal number. where subframe i consists of slots i and 2i+1.

[0007] 10 subframes within a radio frame are available for downlink or uplink transmission A downlink transmission occupies one or more consecutive subframes and It may start anywhere within and be fully occupied or may be in compliance with 3GPP TS 36. 213, Physical Layer Procedures (Release 15), Table 4.2-1 in V15.0.0 The DwPTS period ends in the last subframe following one of the DwPTS periods specified in The signal occupies one or more consecutive subframes.

[0008] NextGen Network Requirements

[0009] 3GPP TR 38.913, Study on scenarios and requirements for next generation access technologies Study on Scenarios and Requirements for Next Generation Access Technologies (Release 14), V14 The IEEE 802.3.0 standard defines scenarios and requirements for next-generation access technologies. Mobile Broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communications (U Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications (URLLC), and large-scale Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) Key Performance Indicators The key performance indicators (KPIs) are summarized in Table 1.

[0010] [Table 1-1] [Table 1-2]

[0011] Receiver-assisted unlicensed operation

[0012] To coordinate spectrum access between technologies in a decentralized and simple manner, The transmitter must first detect energy across the intended transmission band. The Energy Detection (ED) mechanism of It notifies the transmitter of the transmission of a message and helps it decide whether to transmit or not. Although the scheme, also known as Listen Before Talk (LBT), is simple, it does not work in all circumstances. This is not always useful in situations where, for example, the information is received below the background noise level. or when the nodes are far apart and the signal at the receiver is weak. Therefore, a node wishing to transmit can determine whether the received energy is sufficient for a particular ED. By being below the threshold, it is possible to detect that the channel is not occupied. ,But ,it ,can ,still ,interfere ,with ,nearby ,receiving ,nodes.

[0013] Nevertheless, LBT is a first step towards coexistence and will see the expansion of unlicensed spectrum in many countries. This is required by regulations. ED threshold is set to 100% to avoid false positives due to noise. Therefore, effective inter- and intra-technology wireless media Additional information is needed to access the

[0014] RTS / CTS mechanism in WiFi

[0015] 802.11 Media Access Control (MAC) Pro Tokol calls the ED mechanism Virtual Carrier Sense (VCS). ) mechanism, which makes the 802.11 packet header the most robust It uses the most efficient modulation and coding so that it can be received and decoded at the lowest power levels. Network Allocation Vector (NAV), or channel At each station (STA) when the channel is vacant or occupied A time schedule is such a header that indicates the period during which the channel will be used. or updated based on the contents of control packets, e.g., Request to Send / Clearance to Send The (RTS / CTS) mechanism is RTS around the transmitter and CTS around the receiver. By ensuring that the NAV is updated by all nodes that receive the CTS of ,reserve channels. However, the capture effect is stronger in overlapped Stronger nodes do not encounter collisions because their packets are captured more than weaker packets. This is a problem even with VCS because it creates an unfair situation where weak nodes have to give in. There is.

[0016] Virtual carrier sensing is a method to reduce the physical It is a logical abstraction that limits the need for carrier sensing. MAC layer frame header The frame contains a duration field that specifies the desired transmission time for that frame. During this period, the medium becomes busy. Each station listening on the wireless medium , read the duration field and determine whether the station needs to postpone access to the medium. Set the NAV, which is an indicator of the period over which the NAV will be in effect. The NAV will then be reduced to zero at a fixed rate. When the counter is at zero, the VSC is If it is zero, it indicates that the cache is idle; if it is non-zero, it indicates that the cache is busy.

[0017] Unlicensed LTE

[0018] There are two types of LTE access in unlicensed frequencies: Licensed LAA acting as an additional downlink to the LTE carrier (Note: unlicensed Relinked eLAA is still connected to the licensed carrier), and unlicensed MulteFi features complete standalone operation within the sense band re. In LAA, both licensed and unlicensed spectrum will operate simultaneously. That is, data may be received simultaneously on both bands. The Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) is carried only on licensed carriers. However, releases that include a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) The Discovery Reference Signal (DRS) for Rel-12 is , transmitted at 40 ms intervals on unlicensed carriers. No further information is provided, i.e. the cell identifier (ID), and the operator MulteFire transmissions cannot even identify the PBC H / Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) ) (now called Enhanced PBCH (ePBCH)), which The PSS and the Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) ) doubles the energy in the sequence, improving detectability (MulteFire Release 1.0.1 (see www.multefire.org / specification). Summary of the Invention

[0019] The core of 3GPP NR Rel.15 PHY is a beam-based architecture New Radio (NR) Unlicensed (NR-U) is a beam It is highly desirable to take advantage of as many of the capabilities of NR as possible, including the base architecture. Unlike eLAA, which is based on wide beam sensing, Coexistence can be beneficial by enabling efficient use of spatial resources. The LBT scheme is based on Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance. Can be extended to support CSMA / CA (Communication-Based Access and Collision Avoidance) This allows the UE to avoid unnecessary carrier busy detection, thereby improving power efficiency. In NR-U, signaling to indicate channel occupancy is used to improve spatial reuse and coexistence. Rings may be considered. This requires new methods and signal design in NR-U. This means that.

[0020] For example, indicating channel occupancy by a node to nodes outside its cell, re-routing of spectrum Indicating channel occupancy by a node to nodes within its cell to aid in utilization; and and nodes in the cell to ensure that the receiver has a clear channel for transmission and reception. In order to provide functionality such as triggering a handshake between NR A method and apparatus for using a channel access indicator in -U is disclosed.

[0021] In addition, the behavior of a node when it receives a CAI, i.e., whether the node starts a timer We also show how to use it to wait for a channel to be detected. ,We also explain the information that CAI carries.

[0022] Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUC) from multiple start positions within the UL approval Also, some procedures that allow the PUSCH (passive overlap channel) to be transmitted are described. However, the starting position is conveyed to the gNB via the CAI. Methods include: Includes: · A method for signaling possible PUSCH starting positions. UL Demodulation Reference Signal (UL Demodulation Reference) based on the selected start position of PUSCH A procedure for adjusting the UL Differential Mode Signal (DMRS). DMRS is the UE's Channel Occupancy Time (COT) The first PUSCH may be power boosted. PUSCH Resource Element (PUSCH RE) is The first PUSCH following a COT may be power boosted. The UE uses different DMRS sequences to transmit the selected PUSCH start symbol. It is possible to signal. The UE uses the higher resource density DM for the first PUSCH following the UE's COT. RS can be used. A puncturing procedure to fit the PUSCH within the available resources. PUSCH Modulation and coding scheme based on selected start position The Multicast Coding Scheme (MCS) is adapted to facilitate detection of the selected MCS in gNB. Steps to follow. Piggybacked Uplink Control Information (UCI) Instructions for sending.

[0023] The PHY layer signaling techniques that enable CAI transmission on DL and UL are also described. PHY layer signaling techniques include the following: Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCC) like signal on DL Channel: PDCCH) and PSS / SSS, PRACH, PUCCH on UL, and Preamble-based transmission including: Partial indication of CAI information on the preamble, the rest is PDCCH or via signals such as PRACH. - Asynchronous to symbol timing Provides some information about cell ID and / or channel occupancy time It involves repetition and an Orthogonal Cover Code (OCC) for the purpose of decoding.

[0024] This Summary presents a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is provided to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter. are not intended to specify, and are not intended to be used to limit the scope of, the claimed subject matter. Moreover, it is not intended that the claimed subject matter be This invention is not limited to limitations that address any or all of the above disadvantages.

[0025] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A more detailed understanding may be had from the following description, given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: do. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0026] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 shows (A) the CAI read by a general node and (B) a CAI transmission indicating the channel occupancy time. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 illustrates (A) Time Division Multiplexing UEs (TDM UEs) of a cell (UE transmissions that are subsequently blocked by an initially transmitting UE) and (B) sibling nodes affected by the LBT procedure from detection of high energy in the channel, including UEs multiplexed on the same time / frequency resources due to another channel access being blocked. [Figure 3A] FIG. 3A illustrates CAI transmission for spectrum reuse among sibling nodes. [Figure 3B]FIG. 3B illustrates the modification of the energy detection threshold during LBT when detecting CAI from sibling nodes. [Figure 3C] FIG. 3C shows that we terminate LBT upon detecting CAI from sibling nodes and perform CCA with a higher threshold. [Figure 3D] FIG. 3D shows transmission of CAI on the UL by multiple UEs. [Figure 3E] FIG. 3E shows a gNB transmitting a CAI to indicate that a sibling node (UE) should use a higher threshold. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 shows a method for performing CCA with a higher threshold when detecting CAI from sibling nodes. [Figure 5A] FIG. 5A illustrates a method for identifying intra-cell transmissions for spectrum reuse, where upon detection of CAI of a sibling node, the threshold is switched to a higher value during the LBT. [Figure 5B] FIG. 5B illustrates a method for identifying intra-cell transmissions for spectrum reuse, where upon detection of a sibling node CAI, CCA is performed with a higher threshold. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 shows a handshake method using CAI-I and CAI-R. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 illustrates (A) the use of CAI-I and CAI-R for handshaking, (B) transmission of CAI synchronous to OFDM symbol boundaries, and (C) transmission of CAI asynchronous to OFDM symbol boundaries. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 shows that Tоcc is used in CAI to indicate channel occupancy and release times. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 shows how the channel is sensed (timer is decremented) upon receipt of CAI. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 shows the periodic transmission of a CAI indicating the updated Tocc. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 illustrates the transmission of a CAI indicating an updated TREL. [Figure 12]FIG. 12 shows the transmission of CAI in the UL during the gNB channel occupancy time. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 shows the Tocc indication for different beams. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 illustrates a method for acquiring CAI transmitted via Downlink Control Information (DCI). [Figure 15] FIG. 15 shows a method for transmitting the CAI-R. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 shows CAI-R from a UE scheduled in the TResp period from CAI-I. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 illustrates a method for receiving CAI by sibling nodes and general nodes in the context of cell coloring using S bits. [Figure 18] FIG. 18 illustrates transmission of CAI using preamble repetition with an OCC code, including (A) transmission synchronous to the OFDM symbol boundary and (B) transmission asynchronous to the symbol boundary. [Figure 19] FIG. 19 shows an example of preamble resources in frequency. [Figure 20] FIG. 20 shows CA resources in a cell using multiple carriers (which are multiples of 20 MHz). [Figure 21A] FIG. 21A illustrates one embodiment of an example communication system in which the methods and apparatus described and claimed herein may be implemented. [Figure 21B] FIG. 21B is a block diagram of an example apparatus or device configured for wireless communication in accordance with embodiments described herein. [Figure 21C] FIG. 21C is a system diagram of the RAN 103 and core network 106 of FIG. 21A according to one embodiment. [Figure 21D] FIG. 21D is a system diagram of the RAN 104 and core network 107 of FIG. 21A according to one embodiment. [Figure 21E]FIG. 21E is a system diagram of the RAN 105 and core network 109 of FIG. 21A according to one embodiment. [Figure 21F] FIG. 21F is a block diagram of an example computing system that may embody one or more of the devices of the communications networks shown in FIGS. 21A, 21C, 21D, and 21E. [Figure 21G] FIG. 21G shows multiple DCIs providing multiple starting positions for the PUSCH. [Figure 22] FIG. 22 shows that multiple DCIs providing multiple starting positions for the PUSCH are transmitted in the same Control Resource Set (CORESET). [Figure 23] FIG. 23 illustrates configuring multiple starting positions relative to slot boundaries. [Figure 24] FIG. 24 illustrates configuring multiple starting positions relative to the scheduled PUSCH starting position. [Diagram 25] FIG. 25 shows a PUSCH start before l0, and the old DMRS configuration is still valid for the duration of the PUSCH from the starting position selected by the UE. [Figure 26] FIG. 26 shows a PUSCH start before l0, and the old DMRS configuration is invalid for the duration of the PUSCH from the UE selected starting position. [Figure 27] FIG. 27 shows a PUSCH start after l0, with the DMRS mapped according to PUSCH mapping type B instead of PUSCH mapping type A. [Figure 28] FIG. 28 shows a PUSCH start after l0, with the DMRS mapped according to PUSCH mapping type B instead of PUSCH mapping type A. [Figure 29] FIG. 29 shows a procedure for accessing a channel and transmitting a PUSCH from multiple starting positions. [Diagram 30]FIG. 30 shows that the OFDM symbols carrying the UL DMRS during the PUSCH period from the starting position selected by the UE are the same as the old OFDM symbols carrying the UL DMRS for the originally scheduled PUSCH. [Diagram 31] FIG. 31 shows that the OFDM symbol carrying the UL DMRS for PUSCH from the starting position selected by the UE is different from the old OFDM symbol carrying the UL DMRS for PUSCH that was originally scheduled. [Diagram 32] FIG. 32 shows that the OFDM symbol carrying the UL DMRS of the PUSCH from the starting position selected by the UE is different from the old OFDM symbol carrying the UL DMRS of the originally scheduled PUSCH, and the last OFDM symbol carries the DMRS. [Diagram 33] FIG. 33 shows that the OFDM symbols carrying the UL DMRS of the PUSCH from the starting position selected by the UE are according to PUSCH mapping type B and are different from the old OFDM symbols carrying the UL DMRS according to PUSCH mapping type A of the originally scheduled PUSCH. [Diagram 34] FIG. 34 shows that one OFDM symbol carrying UL DMRS for the PUSCH from the UE selected starting position follows PUSCH mapping type B, while the old OFDM symbol carrying UL DMRS follows PUSCH mapping type A for the originally scheduled PUSCH. [Diagram 35] FIG. 35 shows power boosting for DMRS RE of the first PUSCH transmission in the COT for the UE. [Diagram 36] FIG. 36 illustrates power boosting for the remaining DMRS REs after removing some DMRS REs due to channel unavailability. [Figure 37A]37A shows the start positions of PUSCH transmissions indicated by DMRS sequences. (A) Sequence #1 shows PUSCH starting from OS#0, (B) Sequence #2 shows PUSCH starting from OS#1, (C) Sequence #3 shows PUSCH starting from OS#2, and (D) Sequence #4 shows PUSCH starting from OS#3. [Figure 37B] 37B shows the start positions of PUSCH transmissions indicated by DMRS sequences. (A) Sequence #1 indicates a PUSCH starting from OS#0, (B) Sequence #2 indicates a PUSCH starting from OS#1, (C) Sequence #3 indicates a PUSCH starting from OS#2, and (D) Sequence #4 indicates a PUSCH starting from OS#3. [Figure 38] FIG. 38 illustrates higher DMRS resource density and different timing resources for DMRS in the first PUSCH transmission of the UE in the COT. [Figure 39] FIG. 39 shows a UL preamble indicating the start of a PUSCH transmission. [Diagram 40] FIG. 40 shows (A) PUSCH resources and (B) preamble resources in a PUSCH compared to carrier bands. [Diagram 41] FIG. 41 illustrates puncturing OFDM symbols during periods when the channel is unavailable and transmitting the remaining OFDM symbols once the channel becomes available. [Diagram 42] Figure 42 shows the CA-RS group of CA-RS1. If the LBT is successful in the spatial direction represented by CA-RS1, the gNB can transmit a signal in the direction indicated by any RS in the corresponding CA-RS group. [Diagram 43] FIG. 43 shows UL transmission corresponding to spatial directions of CA-RS groups. [Diagram 44] FIG. 44 shows that the UE monitors the DCI during monitoring occasions after detection of the preamble. [Diagram 45]FIG. 45 shows that the preamble indicates aperiodic CORESET / search space monitoring occasions. [Diagram 46] FIG. 46 shows that the preamble and CORESET resources share the same OS. [Figure 47] Figure 47 shows that the gNB transmits the preamble in multiple spatial directions to cover all UEs. The UE assumes that the DMRS of the corresponding CORESET is Quasi-Co-Location (QCL) with the preamble. [Figure 48] FIG. 48 shows a UE indicating the start of channel access after the first PUSCH transmission, which does not occupy any granted resources due to channel availability reasons. [Figure 49] FIG. 49 shows a DMRS mapped according to PUSCH mapping type B based on the PUSCH duration from the starting position selected by the UE, instead of the originally granted PUSCH mapping type B. [Figure 50A] FIG. 50A shows starting position candidates for multiple adjacent PUSCHs, corresponding to each PUSCH. [Figure 50B] FIG. 50B shows candidate starting positions of multiple adjacent PUSCHs according to the first symbol of the first PUSCH. [Figure 50C] FIG. 50C shows possible starting positions for multiple adjacent PUSCHs relative to slot boundaries. [Figure 50D] FIG. 50D shows multiple adjacent possible starting positions of PUSCH relative to the boundaries of a slot having a particular pattern P. [Figure 51] FIG. 51 shows an example of shifting the entire PUSCH to a new starting position. [Figure 52A] FIG. 52A shows that the PUSCH and scheduled DMRS are shifted by two OFDM symbols relative to their original starting positions as well as their new starting positions. [Figure 52B]FIG. 52B shows that one of the scheduled DMRS symbols is removed because it is beyond the end of the scheduled PUSCH. [Figure 53A] FIG. 53A shows an example of shifting the PUSCH without crossing a slot boundary. [Figure 53B] FIG. 53B shows an example of shifting multiple scheduled PUSCHs within a slot without crossing a slot boundary. [Figure 54A] FIG. 54A shows an example of shifting the PUSCH while keeping the scheduled DMRS position fixed. [Figure 54B] FIG. 54B shows an example of shifting the PUSCH to remove one of the scheduled DMRS symbols as it falls before the new starting position. [Fig. 54C] FIG. 54C shows an example of transmitting the DMRS symbol within the first symbol of the PUSCH from the new starting position since all originally scheduled DMRS are removed as they fall before the new starting position. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0027] Below is a list of abbreviations that may appear in the description below. The abbreviations used herein refer to the corresponding terms set out in Table 2 below.

[0028] [Table 2-1] [Table 2-2]

[0029] The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a Support network and codec, security and quality of service Develop technical standards for cellular communications network technology, including service capabilities, including efforts to Recent Radio Access Technology (RAT) standards include Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCA). Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) (commonly known as 3G) LTE (commonly referred to as 4G), and LTE-Advanced standards. 3GPP is working on a next-generation cell technology called New Radio (NR), also known as "5G." The development of the 3GPP NR standard involves the development of next-generation wireless access This is expected to include the definition of new RATs, including new sub-6GHz Provision for flexible wireless access and new ultra-mobile broadcast networks above 6GHz The draft is expected to include provisions for broadband wireless access. Flexible wireless access is It consists of new, backwards-incompatible radio access in new spectrum below 6 GHz. is expected to grow to 100 million by 2025, to address a wide range of 3GPP NR use cases with diverse requirements. It is expected to include different operating modes that can be multiplexed within the same spectrum. IlBroadband is an ultra-mobile broadband solution for indoor use and hotspots, for example. It is expected to include centimeter-wave and millimeter-wave spectrum, which will provide broadband access opportunities. In particular, ultra-mobile broadband requires design optimization specific to centimeter and millimeter waves. Sharing a common design framework with optimizations for sub-6 GHz flexible wireless access It is expected.

[0030] 3GPP has identified various use cases that it expects NR to support, and as a result , and diverse user experience requirements for data transfer speed, latency and mobility. The use cases include the following general categories: Broadband (e.g. broadband access in dense areas, indoor ultra-high Broadband access in crowded areas, 50Mbps or more everywhere , Ultra-low-cost broadband access, In-vehicle mobile broadband), Critical Communication communication, large-scale machine-type communication, network operations (e.g., network slash issuance, routing, migration and interworking, and energy conservation ), and Enhanced Vehicle-to-Everything: Specific services and applications within these categories include: Some examples are monitoring and sensor networks, remote control of devices, two-way remote control, Remote control, personal cloud computing, video streaming, wireless cloud Connectivity to base offices, first responders, eCall for automobiles, disaster alerts, Real-time games, multi-party video calls, autonomous driving, augmented reality, touch internet, Virtual reality, etc. This specification contemplates all of these use cases and more. is doing.

[0031] FIG. 21A illustrates a communication device that may embody the methods and apparatus described and claimed herein. 1 illustrates an embodiment of an example system 100. As shown, the example communication system 100 includes Wireless Transmit / Receive Units (WTRU) 102a, 102b , 102c, and 102d (collectively, W (sometimes called TRU 102) and the Radio Access Network (RAN) 103 / 104 / 105 / 103b / 104b / 105b and core network 106 / 107 / 109 and the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 108 110, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, but in the disclosed embodiment The embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, or network elements. It will be appreciated that the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, Each of 102e may be any type of device or device configured to operate or communicate in a wireless environment. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, 102 Each of the five e is illustrated in FIGS. 21A-21E as a handheld wireless communication device. Given the wide variety of use cases for G wireless communications, each WTRU is just one example. User Equipment (UE), Mobile Station, Fixed or Mobile Subscriber Unit, Radio Paging Equipment, mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones laptop, tablet, netbook, notebook computer, personal computer smart computers, wireless sensors, home appliances, smart watches and smart clothing Wearable devices such as gadgets, medical equipment, eHealth devices, robots, industrial machinery wireless signals, including those from vehicles, drones, cars, trucks, trains, and aircraft Including or containing any apparatus or device configured to transmit or receive It is understood that the above may be embodied.

[0032] The communications system 100 may further include a base station 114a and a base station 114b. The base station 114a is in wireless communication with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. Wire interfaces to the core network 106 / 107 / 109 and the Internet 110 and / or other networks 112. The base station 114b may be any type of device configured to facilitate Remote Radio Heads (RRH) 118a, 118b and transmitting / receiving points Among the Transmission and Reception Points (TRP) 119a and 119b, At least one of the core networks 106 / 107 / 108 is connected to the core network 106 / 107 / 108 via wired or wireless interfaces. 109, the Internet 110, or other networks 112. The device may be any type of device configured to facilitate access to a network. The RRHs 118a and 118b wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102c. In this way, the core network 106 / 107 / 109, the Internet 110, and other To facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as other networks 112 The TRPs 119a and 119b may be any type of device configured to 10. The core network 10 6 / 107 / 109, Internet 110, and other networks 112 Any type of device configured to facilitate access to a communications network on As an example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be base transceiver stations. (Base Transceiver Station: BTS), Node B, eNode B, Home Node B, eNodeB, Site Controller, Access Point (AP), Wireless Each of the base stations 114a, 114b is shown as a single element. Although illustrated, base stations 114a, 114b may be any number of interconnected base stations or networks. It will be appreciated that the present invention may include a call element.

[0033] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 103 / 104 / 105, and the RAN 103 / 104 / 105 also acts as a Base Station Controller (BSC ), Radio Network Controller (RNC), Relay Node The base station 114b may include other base stations and network elements (not shown), such as a It may be part of RAN 103b / 104b / 105b, and RAN 103b / 104b / 105b also includes base station controllers (BSCs), radio network controllers ( RNC), relay nodes, and other base stations and network elements (not shown). The base station 114a provides wireless access within a particular geographic area, sometimes referred to as a cell (not shown). The base station 114b may be configured to transmit and receive signals. A wireless LAN may be configured to transmit and receive wired and / or wireless signals within a particular geographic area. The cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell sectors associated with the base station 114a may include The cell may be divided into three sectors. In one embodiment, the base station 114a ,As such, for example, it may include three transceivers, one for each sector of the cell. In one embodiment, the base station 114a is a multiple input multiple output (MIO) Multiple Output (MIMO) technology can be adopted, so that each section of the cell Multiple transceivers per data stream can be utilized.

[0034] The base station 114a communicates with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c over the air. The communication may be performed via the interface 115 / 116 / 117, and the air interface The sensors 115 / 116 / 117 may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF) o Frequency (RF), microwave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (Ultraviolet The air interface 11 may be a wavelength of 1000 MHz or 1000 MHz. 5 / 116 / 117 may be constructed using any suitable radio access technology (RAT). can be done.

[0035] The base station 114b is one of the RRHs 118a and 118b and the TRPs 119a and 119b. and communicates with the above via wired or air interfaces 115b / 116b / 117b. The wired or air interface 115b / 116b / 117b may be any suitable Appropriate wired (e.g., cable or optical fiber) or wireless communication links (e.g., radio frequency Radiofrequency (RF), microwave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, centimeter wave, millimeter wave The air interface 115b / 116b / 117b may be any It can be built using any appropriate radio access technology (RAT).

[0036] RRH118a, 118b and TRP119a, 119b are d via air interface 115c / 116c / 117c. The air interface 115c / 116c / 117c may be any suitable wireless Communications links (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV) ), visible light, centimeter wave, millimeter wave, etc.). Air interface 115c / 116c / 117c may be built using any suitable Radio Access Technology (RAT). can be done.

[0037] More specifically, as noted above, the communication system 100 may be a multiple access system. For example, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (Freq Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDM) A) or more channel access schemes may be employed. For example, the RAN 103 / 104 / 105, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, or RRH118a, 118b and TRP in RAN103b / 104b / 105b 119a, 119b and WTRUs 102c, 102d are universal mobile communication systems. Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Wireless Access (T The LTE may implement wireless technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), and the Therefore, the air interface 115 / 116 / using Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) 117 or 115c / 116c / 117c, respectively. High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and evolved HSPA (H HSPA is a high-speed downlink packet exchange (SPA) protocol. High-Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and high-speed uplink Packet access (High-Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access: HSUPA) can be included. Cut.

[0038] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, or or RRH118a, 118b and TRP1 in RAN103b / 104b / 105b 19a, 119b and WTRUs 102c, 102d are Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access ( The LTE-2000 may implement wireless technologies such as E-UTRA, which may be used to Air interface using LTE Solution (LTE) and LTE Advanced (LTE-A) Even if you build the 115 / 116 / 117 or 115c / 116c / 117c In the future, the air interfaces 115 / 116 / 117 will implement 3GPP NR technology. It may be disguised as

[0039] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRU in the RAN 103 / 104 / 105 102a, 102b, 102c, or RRH in RAN 103b / 104b / 105b 118a, 118b and TRP119a, 119b and WTRU102c, 102d. IEEE 802.16 (e.g. Worldwide Interoperability for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access :WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 evolution Data Optimized (EV-DO), Interim Standard rd:IS)2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications Communications:GSM, Enhanced Data Rates for GSM for GSM Evolution:EDGE), GSM EDGE (GSM EDGE wireless access Wireless technologies such as GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) may be implemented.

[0040] The base station 114c in FIG. 21A may be, for example, a wireless router, a home node B, a home e-node B, or an access point, in a local area such as an office, home, vehicle, or campus. Any suitable RAT for facilitating wireless connectivity in the area may be utilized. In one embodiment, the base station 114c and the WTRU 102e may be configured to communicate with one another using a standard such as IEEE 802.11. Implementing wireless technology to create a wireless local area network (WLAN) In one embodiment, the base station 114c and the WTRU 114b may establish a WLAN. The 02d implements wireless technologies such as IEEE 802.15 to provide wireless personal area networks. A Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) may be constructed. In another embodiment, the base station 114c and the WTRU 102e may AT (e.g. WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, etc.) As shown in FIG. 21A, a base station 1 may be used to construct a picocell or femtocell. 14b may be directly connected to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114c , the core network 106 / 107 / 109 to access the Internet 110 There is no need to go through .

[0041] RAN103 / 104 / 105 and RAN103b / 104b / 105b are core networks It can communicate with the core network 106 / 107 / 109. 9 is for voice, data, applications, and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). WTRU102a, 10 2b, 102c, 102d, or any other type of network For example, the core network 106 / 107 / 109 may be a network for call control, Ring service, mobile location services, prepaid calling, Internet connection It also provides advanced security features such as user authentication, and provides connectivity and video streaming. It can be done.

[0042] Although not shown in FIG. 21A, RAN103 / 104 / 105 and RAN103b / 104 b / 105b and core network 106 / 107 / 109 are RAN 103 / 104 / 1 Using the same RAT as RAN05 or RAN103b / 104b / 105b or a different RAT It will be appreciated that the RAN may communicate directly or indirectly with other RANs in use. For example, The core network 106 / 107 / 109 is a RAN that may utilize E-UTRA radio technology. Just connect to 103 / 104 / 105 or RAN103b / 104b / 105b and may also communicate with another RAN (not shown) that employs GSM radio technology. .

[0043] The core network 106 / 107 / 109 includes the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. , 102d, 102e are connected to the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, or other networks. It can also function as a gateway to access the PSTN 108 The circuit-switched telephone line that provides Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) is The Internet 110 may include the telephone exchange network. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) in the suite, User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Internet Protocol Interconnected networks that use common communication protocols such as the Internet Protocol (IP). A network may include a global system of computer networks and devices. Network 112 is a wired or wireless communication network owned or operated by another service provider. For example, the network 112 may include the RANs 103 / 104 / 105 and RAN 103b / 104b / 105b may use the same RAT or a different RAT. A core network may include another core network connected to one or more RANs.

[0044] Some of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d in the communication system 100 Or all may have multi-mode capabilities. 2c, 102d, and 102e are connected to different wireless networks via different wireless links. For example, the WTRU 10 shown in FIG. 2e includes a base station 114a that may employ cellular-based wireless technology, and an IEEE 802.11b wireless communication system. 2. The base station 114c may be configured to communicate with the base station 114c that may employ two radio technologies.

[0045] FIG. 21B illustrates a wireless communication system, e.g., a WT, configured for wireless communication in accordance with embodiments described herein. 21B is a block diagram of an example of an apparatus or device such as a RU 102. The example WTRU 102 includes a processor 118, a transceiver 120, and a transmit / receive element 114. 22, speaker / microphone 124, keypad 126, and display / touch Chip / indicator 128, non-removable 130, and removable memory 132 a power source 134; and a Global Positioning System (GPS) The wireless LAN may include a GPS (Global Positioning System) chipset 136 and other peripherals 138. The RU 102 may be implemented in any subcombination of the above-mentioned elements while remaining consistent with one embodiment. It will be understood that the present invention can include a base station. 114a, 114b, and the nodes that the base stations 114a, 114b may represent (e.g., For example, Base Transceiver Station (BTS), Node B, Site Controller, Access Point (AP), Home Node-B, Evolved Home Node-B (eNod eB), Home Evolved Node-B (HeNB), Home Evolved Node-B Node B gateways, and proxy nodes (including but not limited to these) are shown in Figure 2. It is contemplated that the present invention may include some or all of the elements shown in FIG. 1B and described herein. is doing.

[0046] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital Digital Signal Processor (DSP), multiple microprocessors one or more microprocessors, controllers, Controller, Application Specific Integrated Circuit (AS IC), Field Programmable Gate Array (Field Programmable Gate Array: FPGA (field programmable gate array) circuits, any other kind of integrated circuit (IC), state machine The processor 118 may be configured to enable operation of the WTRU 102 in a wireless environment. Signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and any other functions required for The processor 118 may be coupled to a transceiver 120. , the transceiver 120 may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. Although the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 are shown as separate components, It is understood that the transceiver 120 may be integrated into a single electronic package or chip. It will be.

[0047] The transmit / receive element 122 communicates with a base station ( For example, the base station 114a may be configured to transmit and receive signals to and from the base station 114b. In this embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and receive RF signals. In one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be, for example, an IR, UV, or UV-compatible. It may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and receive visible light signals. In one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 is adapted to transmit and receive both RF and optical signals. The transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and receive any combination of wireless signals. It will be appreciated that the above configuration may be adopted.

[0048] Further, while the transmit / receive element 122 is illustrated as a single element in FIG. The WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, 2 may employ MIMO technology. 2 is for transmitting and receiving radio signals via the air interface 115 / 116 / 117. The transmitter / receiver element 122 (eg, multiple antennas) may be included.

[0049] The transceiver 120 modulates the signal that is transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122, As mentioned above, the WTRU 102 may be configured to demodulate the received signal. Thus, the transceiver 120 may be capable of transmitting the WTRU 102, e.g. Multiple RATs, such as UTRA and IEEE 802.11, can be used for communication. The transceiver may include:

[0050] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 controls the speaker / microphone 124 and the keypad 126 and a display / touchpad / indicator 128 (e.g., an LCD Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) display unit or Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) c) A Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) display unit is connected to the The processor 118 can receive input data. The processor 118 can transmit the user data to the speaker / matrix. Microphone 124, keypad 126, display / touchpad / indicator 1 28. Additionally, the processor 118 may be configured to output a non-removable 130 or removable Access information from any type of suitable memory, such as removable memory 132, The non-removable memory 130 can also store data in a random access memory (RAM). Random-Access Memory (RAM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), It may include a hard disk, or any other type of storage device. 132 is a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card, memory This may include digital sticks, Secure Digital (SD) memory cards, etc. In one embodiment, the processor 118 is a processor, such as a server or a home computer. access information from memory on a computer (not shown) that is not physically located on the WTRU 102 The user may access the device and store data there.

[0051] The processor 118 may receive power from a power source 134 and may also receive power from other components within the WTRU 102. The power supply 134 may be configured to distribute and control power to the components of the The power supply may be any suitable device for providing power to the WTRU 102. The source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries, solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[0052] The processor 118 may generate location information (e.g., longitude and The GPS chipset 136 may be configured to provide the GPS coordinates (latitude, The WTRU 102 may use GPS information in addition to, or instead of, the GPS chipset 136. In addition, the base stations (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) communicate with the air interface 115 / Receive location information via 116 / 117 or receive signals from two or more nearby base stations. The WTRU 102 can determine its own location based on the timing of the received signal. , while remaining consistent with an embodiment, the location information may be determined by any suitable location determination method. It will be appreciated that it may be possible to obtain

[0053] The processor 118 may further be connected to other peripherals 138. Peripheral device 138 may include one or more software that provides additional features or functionality, or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, peripheral device 138 may include a , various sensors such as accelerometers and biometric (e.g., fingerprint) sensors, electronic compass (e-Comp ass), satellite transceiver, digital camera (for photo or video), universal serial Universal Serial Bus (USB) port or other interconnect interface devices, vibration devices, television transceivers, hands-free headsets, bluetooth Bluetooth module, Frequency Modulated: FM) radio units, digital music players, media players, video game players It may include modules, internet browsers, etc.

[0054] The WTRU102 is ideal for sensors, consumer electronics, smart watches and smart clothing. Wearable devices such as gadgets, medical and eHealth devices, robotics, industrial Other equipment or devices, such as drones, cars, trucks, trains, aircraft, and other transportation equipment The WTRU 102 may be embodied in such an apparatus or device. Other components, modules, or systems of the system may include one of the peripherals 138. are connected via one or more interconnection interfaces, such as This may also be the case.

[0055] FIG. 21C illustrates a system of the RAN 103 and the core network 106 according to an embodiment. As described above, the RAN 103 employs UTRA radio technology to The WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c may communicate with each other via the interface 115. The RAN 103 may also communicate with a core network 106. As shown in FIG. In addition, the RAN 103 may include Node Bs 140a, 140b, and 140c. B140a, 140b, and 140c are WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, respectively. and one or more transceivers for communicating over the air interface 115 with the Each of the Node Bs 140a, 140b, and 140c may be a specific The RAN 103 may be associated with a specific cell (not shown). b. While remaining consistent with an embodiment, the RAN 103 may further include: It will be appreciated that any number of Node Bs and RNCs may be included.

[0056] As shown in FIG. 21C, Node B 140a and 140b can communicate with RNC 142a. Additionally, Node B 140c can communicate with RNC 142b. 140b and 140c communicate with the RNCs 142a and 142b via the Iub interface. RNCs 142a and 142b communicate with each other via the Iur interface. Each of the RNCs 142a, 142b can communicate with the Node Bs 140a, 140b, and 140c may be configured to control each of the Node Bs 140a, 140b, and 140c. Each of the RNCs 142a and 142b has an external loop power control, a load control, an admission control, a power control, and a power supply control. packet scheduling, handover control, macro diversity, security functions , data encryption, etc.

[0057] The core network 106 shown in FIG. 21C includes a media gateway. MGW) 144 and Mobile Switching Center (MSC ) 146 and Serving General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) 148 and Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) 150 Each of the above elements may include at least one of the following: Although illustrated as part of the core network operations, none of these elements are part of the core network operations. It will be understood that the software may be owned and operated by entities other than the regulator.

[0058] RNC 142a in RAN 103 communicates with the core network via the IuCS interface. The MSC 146 may be connected to the MGW 144. The MSC 146 and the MGW 144 may be connected to a circuit-switched network such as the PSTN 108. WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c to access the a, 102b, 102c and traditional fixed wired communication devices. Cut.

[0059] RNC 142a in RAN 103 communicates with the core network via the IuPS interface. The SGSN 148 may further be connected to a GGSN 148 in the network 106. The SGSN 148 and the GGSN 150 may be connected to the Internet 110. WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c to facilitate communication between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. It can be made smooth.

[0060] As mentioned above, the core network 106 may be owned and operated by other service providers. The network 112 may further include a wired or wireless network. .

[0061] FIG. 21D illustrates a system of the RAN 104 and the core network 107 according to an embodiment. As described above, the RAN 104 employs E-UTRA radio technology to provide air-in The WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with each other via the interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with a core network 107.

[0062] The RAN 104 may include eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c. It should be understood that the eNodeB 4 may include any number of eNodeBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. It will be understood that the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c each 02a, 102b, 102c via the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the eNodeB 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. WTRU 100a may, for example, use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to WTRU 102a, Radio signals can be received from here.

[0063] Each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c is associated with a particular cell (not shown). This may be used for radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, uplink and downlink The system may be configured to handle user scheduling and other tasks. As shown in FIG. 1D, the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c are connected via an X2 interface. They can communicate with each other via.

[0064] The core network 107 shown in FIG. 21D includes a mobility management gateway (MME) 1 62, a serving gateway 164, and a packet data network (Packet Data Each of the above elements can include a core network (PDN) gateway 166. Although illustrated as part of the core network 107, none of these elements are part of the core It is understood that the Network may be owned and operated by entities other than the Network Operator. It would be.

[0065] The MME 162 communicates with the eNodeB 160a in the RAN 104 via the S1 interface. , 160b, 160c, and may function as control nodes. For example, the MME 162 performs authentication of users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, bearer Activation / deactivation of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, initial attack The MME 162 may be responsible for selecting a specific serving gateway during the call. , and further comprising a RAN 104 and other RANs using other wireless technologies such as GSM and WCDMA. (not shown) may provide a control plane function for switching between

[0066] The serving gateway 164 communicates with the RAN 104 via the S1 interface. The serving gate may be connected to each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c. The way 164 generally transmits user data packets to the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d. c. The eNodeB gateway 164 further controls user play during handover between eNodeBs. anchoring, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can use downlink data Triggering paging when possible, and the contention of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c It may perform other functions, such as managing and storing text.

[0067] The serving gateway 164 may further be connected to a PDN gateway 166. Typically, the PDN gateway 166 is a gateway that connects a packet-switched network such as the Internet 110. WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c to access the a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0068] The core network 107 may facilitate communication with other networks. For example, the core network 107 provides access to a circuit-switched network such as the PSTN 108. WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. , 102c and traditional fixed wired communication devices. The core network 107 is an interface between the core network 107 and the PSTN 108. IP gateways that act as interfaces (for example, IP Multimedia Subsystems ( It may contain or communicate with an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server. In addition, the core network 107 may include wireline or other networks owned and operated by other service providers. The WTRU 102 provides access to a network 112, which may include a wireless communication network. a, 102b, and 102c.

[0069] FIG. 21E illustrates a system of the RAN 105 and the core network 109 according to an embodiment. The RAN 105 employs IEEE 802.16 wireless technology to provide wireless access to the air The access server communicates with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via an interface 117. It may also be an Access Service Network (ASN). As discussed, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, the RAN 105, and the core network Define the communication links between the different functional entities of the network 109 as reference points. can be done.

[0070] As shown in FIG. 21E, the RAN 105 includes base stations 180a, 180b, and 180c and an ASN The RAN 105 may include a gateway 182 while remaining consistent with an embodiment. It will be appreciated that the system may include any number of base stations and ASN gateways. Each of the stations 180a, 180b, 180c is associated with a particular cell within the RAN 105. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to each other via an air interface 117. 2c. In one embodiment, The base stations 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement MIMO technology. , the base station 180a may, for example, use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to the WTRU 102a. The base stations 180a, 180b, 18 0c also supports handoff triggering, tunnel establishment, radio resource management, traffic Provides mobility management capabilities such as traffic classification and Quality of Service (QoS) policy enforcement The ASN gateway 182 can act as a traffic aggregation point. It can handle paging, caching of subscriber profiles, routing to the core network 109, etc. It can also be in charge of events such as meetings.

[0071] Air interface 1 between WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and the RAN 105 17 can be defined as the R1 reference point that implements the IEEE 802.16 specification. In addition, each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c communicates with the core network 109. A management interface (not shown) may be constructed for the WTRUs 102a, 102b. , 102c and the core network 109 for authentication, authorization, Define an R2 reference point that can be used for IP host configuration management and mobility management. It is possible.

[0072] The communication link between each of the base stations 180a, 180b, 180c is defined by a WTRU between the base stations. R8 was established as a reference point, including protocols to facilitate handover and data transfer. The base stations 180a, 180b, and 180c and the ASN gateway 182 The communication link between the WTRU and the WTRU may be defined as the R6 reference point. Mobility events associated with each of the mobility events 02a, 102b, and 102c are The protocol may include protocols to facilitate security management.

[0073] As shown in FIG. 21E, the RAN 105 may be connected to a core network 109. The communication link between the N105 and the core network 109 is used for, for example, data transfer and mobile R3 can be defined as a reference point that includes protocols to promote security management capabilities. The core network 109 includes a Mobile IP Home Agent. Agent:MIP-HA)184 and Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting The system may include an authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) server 186 and a gateway 188. Each of the above elements is illustrated as being part of the core network 109, which None of these elements are owned or operated by any entity other than the core network operator. It will be appreciated that the same may also be used.

[0074] The MIP-HA can manage IP addresses and 02c allows roaming between different ASNs and different core networks The MIP-HA184 can be used in packet-switched networks such as the Internet 110. WTRU 102a, 102b, and 102c to access the , 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The server 186 may be responsible for user authentication and support of user services. The Thruway 188 can facilitate interworking with other networks. For example, the gateway 188 may provide access to a circuit-switched network such as the PSTN 108. WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. , 102c and traditional fixed wired communication devices. , the gateway 188 may communicate with wired or wireless communications networks owned and operated by other service providers. The WTRUs 102a, 102b may access the network 112, which may include a , 102c.

[0075] Although not shown in FIG. 21E, the RAN 105 may be connected to other ASNs, forming a core network. It will be appreciated that the network 109 may be connected to other core networks. A communication link between the RAN 105 and other ASNs may be defined as an R4 reference point; The R4 reference point is the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c between the RAN 105 and other ASNs. The core network 10 may include a protocol for coordinating mobility of the core network 10. The communication links between the R9 and other core networks can be defined as R5 standards, 5 The standard is interworking between home and visited core networks. The protocol may include protocols for facilitating the

[0076] The core network described herein and shown in Figures 21A, 21C, 21D and 21E Entities are subject to the terms and conditions attached to them in certain existing 3GPP specifications. Although they are identified by names, their entities and functionality may be identified by other names in the future. The specific entities or functionality may be defined in accordance with 3GPP N It is understood that these may be combined in future specifications, including the R specification. The specific network described and shown in Figures 21A, 21B, 21C, 21D, and 21E. The business entities and functionality are presented by way of example only and are not intended to be limiting of the scope of the present disclosure. The subject matter claimed is inclusive of any similar now or hereafter defined. It will be appreciated that the present invention may be embodied or implemented in a communications system.

[0077] FIG. 21F illustrates, for example, a particular node or functional entity within the RAN 103 / 104 / 105. Titty, Core Network 106 / 107 / 109, PSTN 108, Internet 110, or other networks 112, as shown in FIG. An exemplary computing device that may embody one or more of the devices in the communication network shown in FIG. FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a computing system 90. or a server, and is primarily controlled by computer readable instructions. The instructions may be in the form of software, the software being located anywhere. Such a computer may store or access the information by any means. The readable instructions are executed within the processor 91 to cause the computing system 9 0. The processor 91 may be a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, or a conventional processor. processor, digital signal processor (DSP), multiple microprocessors, DSP one or more microprocessors, controllers, or microcontrollers associated with the cores; Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) ) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), state machine, etc. 91 is a signal that enables the computing system 90 to operate within a communication network. It performs functions such as signal encoding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and any other functions. Co-processor 81 can perform additional functions separate from main processor 91. It is an optional processor that executes or assists processor 91. At least one of the processor 91 and the coprocessor 81 is implemented according to the method and apparatus disclosed herein. The device may receive, generate, and process data relating to the device.

[0078] In operation, the processor 91 fetches, decodes, and executes instructions to perform computing Between other resources via the system bus 80, which is the system's main data transfer path. Such a system bus transfers information to and from the components within the computing system 90. The system bus 80 typically connects the components and provides a medium for data exchange. A data line for sending an address, an address line for sending an interrupt, The system bus includes control lines for receiving data and for operating the system bus. An example of a 80-segment chip is the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI). :PCI) bus.

[0079] The memories connected to the system bus 80 include a random access memory (RAM) 82 and A read-only memory (ROM) 93 is included. Such memory stores and reads information. ROM 93 generally contains circuitry that allows the stored data to be read from the The data stored in the RAM 82 is then read by the processor 91 or other hardware. The RAM 82 and ROM 9 can be read or changed by the hardware device. Access to at least one of the three may be controlled by the memory controller 92. The memory controller 92 converts the virtual addresses into physical addresses as instructions are executed. The memory controller 92 can provide an address translation function to convert the address into 2. Isolate each process in the system and isolate system processes from user processes. It can provide memory protection. Therefore, programs running in the first mode can only access memory that is mapped by its own process virtual address space. Unless memory sharing between processes is configured, virtual It is not possible to access memory within a virtual address space.

[0080] Further, the computing system 90 may be configured to receive instructions from the processor 91 and to 94, keyboard 84, mouse 95, and disk drive 85. The device may include a peripheral controller 83 that controls communication.

[0081] The display 86 controlled by the display controller 96 is It is used to display visual output generated by the input system 90. Such visual output may include text, graphics, animated graphics, and video. The visual output is displayed as a Graphical User Interface. The display 86 may be a cathode ray tube (Cathode-Ray T CRT-based video displays, LCD-based flat panel displays This is implemented using a gas plasma-based flat panel display or touch panel. The display controller 96 controls the video signals sent to the display 86. The NI PXIe-4111 contains the electronic components necessary to generate the signal.

[0082] Further, the computing system 90 is 1E RAN 103 / 104 / 105, Core Network 106 / 107 / 109, PS External communications such as the TN 108, the Internet 110, or other networks 112 It may be used to connect the computing system 90 to a network, e.g. 97, so that the computer The routing system 90 communicates with other nodes or functional entities of those networks. The communication circuitry may be connected, either alone or in conjunction with the processor 91. and the transmission and reception of the particular devices, nodes, or functional entities described herein. and receiving steps may be performed.

[0083] Introduction of Channel Access Indicator (CAI) in NR-U

[0084] According to one aspect of the systems and methods disclosed herein, the NR-U is a channel access Supports Channel Access Indication using Channel Access Indicator (CAI) The channel access indicator (CAI) indicates which cell is occupying the channel. ,Indicates information about channel occupancy such as occupied bandwidth / spatial direction, occupancy time, etc. The signal may be signaled as follows:

[0085] An NR-U node is a node that can transmit and receive within the NR-U band. To distinguish between types of nodes in a channel, the following terminology is introduced: Sibling node: A node served by the same serving NR-U cell as the reference node. More specifically, sibling nodes of a particular node are those that share the same serving It may be defined as any co-channel node or any co-channel user having a cell. Note: Co-channel transmission refers to UL transmission by a specific UE or DL ​​transmission to a specific UE. Possible. Node s is used to indicate a generic sibling node. Nodes in the same NR-U serving cell as the reference node are considered to be sibling nodes. This includes the gNB in ​​the serving cell. General node: A node that is not served by the same NR-U cell as the reference node. The same Public Land Mobile Network (PLM) number is used for N), another cell in a different PLMN, or WiFi Nodes of other technologies may be included. More specifically, the general A node may be any co-channel node or any co-channel node with different serving cells. as a local user or as a serving cellular or non-cellular RAT of a particular node Any co-cha with a serving cellular or non-cellular RAT different from the AT A co-channel user can be defined as a channel UE or a co-channel user. Note: Co-channel transmissions are E, or DL ​​transmission to a particular UE. g is a generic one Used to indicate a general node.

[0086] CAI may serve one or more of the following purposes: Use Case 1: Demonstrating network domination for coexistence. Use case 2: Allowing nodes to distinguish between intra-cell transmissions and enabling spectrum reuse Improve. Use case 3: Ensuring that there are no hidden nodes blocking access to the channel To do this, the receiver triggers a handshake. Use case 4: Allows a receiver to know when a transmitter is transmitting This enables power saving.

[0087] Use Case 1: Using CAI to Indicate Network Occupancy for Coexistence

[0088] When sibling nodes and general nodes detect CAI, they report the time that the channel is occupied. Therefore, it is necessary to perform channel sensing during the occupancy period. Figure 1(A) shows that the gNB is aware that the source, i.e. cell 1, has exclusive control of the transmission. The following shows an example of transmitting CAI in cell 1, which indicates the channel occupancy time. Node UE1 from cell 1 identifies this as an intra-cell transmission. General nodes such as UE2 from U-cell2 and gNB2 in NR-U-cell2 automatically transmit the Identifies the transmission as coming from a node outside your cell, but allows you to read the occupancy time. Node 3 in the WiFi network detects the CAI from the NR-U network. A general node may perform LBT until the occupancy time of cell 1 has elapsed. Figure 1(B) shows the sequence of events when the CAI is contacted from cell 1. The method of response of the general node is shown. In this method, after the channel occupancy time of cell 1, the general node The node then resumes Clear Channel Assessment (CCA). CCA uses certain thresholds to An initial channel sensor that performs at least energy detection (ED) for a certain period of time. It's Sing.

[0089] In general, the CAI can be signaled in both DL and UL. In Autonomous UL (AUL) and semi-persistent scheduling, the UE The UE’s resources are semi-statically configured for the maximum channel occupancy of the gNB. It is not guaranteed that the channel is within the Maximum Channel Occupancy Time (MCOT). In this case, the UE is Category 4 LBT (CAT4LBT). The method may be implemented to determine the availability of the channel, and after the LBT is successful, Send CAI.

[0090] Use Case 2: Using CAI to demonstrate spectrum reuse

[0091] When a node sees that another node in its cell is occupying the channel, it It can adjust its threshold for energy detection accordingly: ,When the node receives energy from its sibling nodes, it has a CC without CAI. A higher threshold (lower) compared to the lower threshold (equation 1 below) typically used in A The following formula 2) can be used for energy detection to determine LBT failure. The method in Figure 4 illustrates this concept.

[0092]

number

[0093]

number

[0094] This feature allows multiple UEs to be multiplexed in frequency or time, allowing for better spatial reuse. This is particularly useful in the UL where the UE is able to measure intra-cell usage and high energy If ,detected, the detected energy is from a multiplexed in-cell UE, so CAI enables a UE to transmit and receive data from a sibling node through co-channel multiplexing. Share resources: co-channel resources are multiplexed onto the same time / frequency resource multiplexed in both time and frequency, or multiplexed in only time or frequency. For example, in NR UL, multiple UEs can transmit the physical uplink control channel (Ph orthogonally share PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) resources; Multiple UEs can communicate with each other in Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA). Non-orthogonal sharing of resources or multiple UEs time / frequency multiplexing for PUSCH As can be seen in FIG. 2(A), UE1 has an UL transmission in minislot #1, UE2 has an UL transmission in minislot #2 and receives two time-multiplexed UL packets. Take the example of a younger node: UE2 is blocked due to the energy level from UE1. Similarly, two sibling nodes can be assigned to the same frequency and time resource for PUCCH. When multiplexed and running CAT4LBT for transmission, UE1 will join the channel earlier. Since UE2 may have a large random backoff, E2 listens to UE1 and cannot access the channel as shown in Figure 2(B). Assume that when a sibling node UE2 performs energy detection, it detects the energy Therefore, NR may detect the presence of - Within a U-cell, multiplexed nodes should be able to transmit within their scheduled resources. However, due to the high energy level from other sibling nodes, CCA / LBT fails. There is a possibility of losing.

[0095] As shown in Figure 3A, UE1 transmits CAI. Upon hearing it, UE2 will The node identifies the transmission and transmits the scheduled multiplexed PUSCH.

[0096] To ensure that the UE's CAI can be heard by other UEs, especially multiplexed sibling node UEs, To achieve this, we propose to use a method similar to CAT4LBT. This causes the UEs to randomly back off. The first UE to access the channel When the UE transmits the CAI, other UEs with a larger backoff hear this CAI. As shown in 3C, UE1 accesses the channel before UE2 and transmits its CAI. UE2 performs CCA using threshold (Equation 1) as part of CAT4LBT. UE2 starts sensing the channel during its random backoff. As it continues to listen, it detects higher energy. So UE2 listens for CAI. UE2 detects the CAI and recognizes it as an in-cell transmission. At this point, UE2: You can do one of the following: UE2 changes its LBT threshold to threshold (Equation 2) and uses a higher threshold. Continue extended sensing. If the energy is within this threshold, UE2 will UE1’s PU is allocated to the Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) resource. The PUSCH that is scheduled for transmission is sent together with the SCH. This is shown in Figure 3A(B). The method is shown in Figure 5A. A change in UE2 will cause the current LBT to end and its random backoff timer to be reset. UE2 uses the threshold (Equation 2) to perform CCA (e.g. For example, a 25 microsecond CCA is performed. If it is successful, UE2 schedules The PUSCH transmission continues as scheduled. This is shown in Figure 3C. The method is shown in Figure 5B.

[0097] If the UE does not receive CAI from a sibling node, it may send its own CAI. FIG. 3D shows an example in which UE2 does not hear the CAI from UE1 and transmits its own CAI. Other sibling nodes UE or gNB can hear both UE1 and UE2 CAI. Therefore, CAIs from multiple UEs may collide in time / frequency. According to one aspect, by utilizing the orthogonality / low correlation between CAIs from different UEs, This makes the UL CAI design robust against collisions. One way to achieve this is to provide different frequency resources for different UE CAIs. Another method that provides robustness is PRACH, which has good cross-correlation properties. It is through a sequence.

[0098] The CAI is also signaled by the gNB on cell 1 to indicate the occupancy time. The CAI obtains the security information that is scheduled or configured to transmit during its exclusive time. For rule 1 UEs, it can do so by using a higher threshold for CCA. For example, in Fig. 3E, UE1 and UE2 are connected to the gNB. When it receives a CAI from the To do this, a higher threshold (Equation 2) is used.

[0099] For the UE, the threshold for LBT energy level detection is specified as part of the UL certification. gN For example, two UEs are frequency-multiplexed, and UE UE 1 occupies 80% of the frequency resources, while UE 2 occupies the remaining 20%. , the threshold value (Equation 2) for UE2 may be higher than that for UE1. is the V for the UE thresh It is possible to construct a table of values ​​for The index can be 1_1, The DCI format may be signaled in a DCI format such as 0_1, 1_0, or 0_0. The BWP is configured to support fields to indicate indexes. If not, the UE will not support LBT regardless of whether it detects the CAI of its sibling nodes. Then, a threshold value (Equation 1) can be applied.

[0100] It can also provide Radio Resource Control (RRC) configured values ​​to use in a particular scenario. For example, the gNB does not know the number of UEs it can access, so t hresh may be configured to a specific value for PRACH signaling.

[0101] Alternatively, the UE may implicitly derive the threshold from the reference threshold configured for BWP. If the UE occupies a portion of the bandwidth portion, the UE may derive the base The sub-threshold may be scaled.

[0102] The CAI may be used as a reservation signal to ensure efficient use of the spectrum .

[0103] Figure 4 shows the general procedure at a node when it receives a CAI from a sibling node.

[0104] Use Case 3: Handshake between Tx and Rx to overcome hidden nodes Use of CAI for

[0105] CAI from the transmitter indicates that the channel is available to the transmitter. Also, before scheduling a large payload, the transmitter handshake to the receiver to ensure that the channel is available at the This solves the problem of hidden nodes near the receiver. In this case, the CAI from the transmitter is treated as CAI-Initiated (CAI-I). The CAI response from the receiver is defined as CAI-Response (CAI-R). If the CAI-R is not received by the initiating node, the responder is considered to have failed, in which case the initiator may not send it to the responder until later. Yes. CAI-I and CAI-R can be transmitted by both gNB and UE.

[0106] When the gNB transmits CAI-I, it checks whether the CAI-I is valid before scheduling a grant to the UE. R. CAI-I is a protocol that allows an initiating node to use a channel to It may be sent after CAT4LBT because it is intended to transmit the load. Sensing at the responding node is performed by CCA (which is an unified Even with short sensing intervals, such as 25 microsecond sensing in LTE, It may be of the form (shortened) which is short and ensures that other nodes do not occupy the channel during the sensing period. Reduce the likelihood of having

[0107] FIG. 6 illustrates how a handshake between two nodes is established.

[0108] Figure 7(A) shows a two-way communication in which the gNB initiates CAI-I and the UE responds with CAI-R. This shows the concept of handshake between two nodes. CAI-I implements the CAT4LBT procedure in particular. It may also be sent by the UE on the UL when performing a UE-to-UE ... Then, when the UE transmits an UL signal such as PUSCH or PUCCH, the gNB , may be responded to by CAI-R.

[0109] As shown in Figure 7(B), the CAI-R can synchronize to the symbol boundary. To achieve this, the responding node sends a reservation signal following the LBT. CAI-R is received assuming symbol alignment. Synchronous transmission is performed in CAI. This is useful when the amount of information being transmitted is large and needs to be carried in signals such as PDCCH or PUCCH. It is beneficial.

[0110] Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 7(C), CAI-I and CAI-R may be arranged at symbol boundaries. The CAI may carry only a few bits of information and may be sent asynchronously to the In a signal (e.g., with a preamble) in such a way that it can be detected through correlation In such cases, to keep latency low, asynchronous transmission of CAI is used. This is particularly useful for CAI-R, as it reduces the time it takes to complete the handshake. The response node sends a reservation signal after CAI-R to minimize the waiting time. transmit to keep the channel open for at least the time it takes the initiating node to detect the channel. The initiating node can then reserve the channel to prevent other nodes from acquiring it. The node may transmit to the responding node without executing the LBT again. A reservation signal may be transmitted after the transmission of the request.

[0111] The reservation signal can be generated by repeating the CAI-R signal for the required period. .

[0112] The gNB uses CAI-R to detect the UE’s The gNB can periodically trigger CAI-R for a particular UE in order to evaluate the environment. The UE can trigger a scheduling decision and use the result to make future scheduling decisions. It can also transmit the detected energy level (during the LBT period) back to the gNB. This helps to detect the interference effect of sibling UEs on a particular UE in the UL, The NB can make a decision on UE multiplexing (orthogonal or non-orthogonal) based on the CAI-R. In this case, the UE may be RRC configured with resources for CAI-R, but The UE shall send CAI-R only if it receives a trigger via CAI-I.

[0113] Use Case 4: Using CAI to enable power savings

[0114] A receiver node, such as a UE, only monitors its transmitter, e.g., CAI. It can monitor the channel occupancy of gNBs in low power state. The transceiver switches to its nominal power state and receives control and data channels from the transmitter. When the COT expires, the receiver goes into a low power state. The system may return to the normal state to monitor the CAI.

[0115] CAI Related Methods

[0116] CAI sending occasions

[0117] If node 1 sends CAI at time t milliseconds, then T REL ms for node 1 to Therefore, T REL =t+T оcc M seconds, but T оcc is the channel occupancy time shown. T REF The standard number Known OFDM symbols, subframes, half frames, etc. in a network The remaining explanation is based on the standard numerology T in the sense of lot period REF Consider an example where T оcc (The unit is millimeters. seconds) to T REF Therefore, CAI uses the D bit. Then, T in the sense of the reference slot period оcc It can be shown that

[0118] Node 1 has value T оcc =T MCOT The maximum T оcc However, T M COT is the MCOT time for that channel access instance of node 1 , T MCOT is based on the priority class for LBT used in channel access. In such cases, it may not be possible to transmit the M bits for MCOT separately. There is a match.

[0119] Figure 8 shows the T оcc Here, node 1 is T M COT =10ms to access the channel and transmit CAI in slot #N of the frame Node 1 intends to use the channel for 7 slots and then release it. Therefore, CAI is REF = 1ms, T оcc =7ms.

[0120] node s and node g Use the following method to calculate T оcc can be operated .node s and node g When CAI is received, the channel availability timer is started. оc c The node s and node g is T REF Assume we know the counter is all T REF Decrement the node s and node g When the timer reaches 0, The expectation is that the channel will be available when

[0121] The CAI ensures that the channel is truly released when the counter is reset. However, the CAI is always transmitted at the beginning of a slot. In addition, it is necessary to decode the CAI by taking into account the propagation delay and the receiver latency. To do this, s and node g After the timer reaches c ≥ 0, the channel is monitored. A typical setting of c=1 can be used.

[0122] FIG. 9 shows a method for using a timer in a general node.

[0123] In addition, it enhances the detection probability and has a different Discontinuous Reception (DRX) To ensure that UEs with the same configuration can receive the CAI, the CAI is stored in a known pattern in the COT. The UE shall receive all occurrences of CAI. Therefore, multiple instances of CAI are used. CAI is transmitted in slot #0 and slot #5 of the frame. An example of this is shown in Figure 10. Both CAIs have the same T REL However, T оcc is slot #5 Decremented by 5, indicating that 5 slots have passed since the transmission of CAI in slot #0 Shows.

[0124] In this specification, node 1 increases or decreases its intended occupancy time within its MCOT. It is also proposed that the CAI can be updated by decreasing the number of CAIs. In the first CAI sent when the channel becomes available, оcc = 7 ms For example, the following CAI transmission will have the updated T оcc T = 4 ms REL 2 m By incrementing by s, T REL Change the node s and node g in The channel availability timer is started when the first CAI is received. оcc Set to Decremented every time (T REF In this example, T REF is 1 ms. When the second CAI is received, the timer is started at T оcc = 4ms new The counter is updated to the new value, then the counter is decremented until it reaches 1 or 0, at which point it Then, the node s and node g attempts channel access.

[0125] In general, this method may be applied when a new CAI is received from any cell. That is, when a node detects a new CAI, it starts the channel availability timer Value T оcc to the latest value of T REF Starts a timer decrement every ms .

[0126] (UL transmission within gNB MCOT) For example, if a transmitter such as a gNB occupies a channel, the The tatter is his T оcc is shown in the CAI, thereby providing the value of Equation 3 below. However, T оcc During this period, the UE may be able to transmit on the UL. The UE then notifies other UEs that may also be attempting to access the channel. The gNB sends a UL CAI to indicate in-network operation or if the gNB requests a response In this case, the UL CAI may transmit CAI-R. , that T оcc is expressed as the time up to the following formula 3, not the period of channel occupancy. It is proposed to do so.

[0127]

number

[0128] In the example shown in FIG. 12, UL transmission from UE1 is only one slot. CAI is T оcc = 2ms, so the node s and node g Channels available at The utility timer is decremented based on Equation 3 and is not affected by the UL CAI.

[0129] In this specification, the UE is a UE that receives DL CAI or CAI-I to T REL It is possible to grasp Alternatively, it is proposed that the UE can obtain an explicit value of Equation 3 through a grant. do.

[0130] (CAI using Omnidirectional and Spatial LBT) When omnidirectional LBT is implemented, a channel can be accessed by multiple beams simultaneously. In this specification, the nodes are defined as T оcc However, MCO It is proposed that T is the same for all beams. CAI is the T оcc Including A signal may be transmitted on multiple beams to indicate occupancy of a channel, including all beams. The same T оcc If we have T for all beams, оcc The fields required to indicate Just one is fine.

[0131] When spatial LBT is performed, the gNB uses different T REL have In this case, CAI also calculates the T оcc It can carry information about Therefore, a receiver receiving one of the CAIs does not need to detect the CAIs in the other beams. Know the network occupancy in multiple spatial directions, which reduces the computational overhead considerably The spatial direction can be determined by the PBCH DMRS or a specific CSI -RS, etc., is shown as a spatial QCL for one of the signals in DRS or SSB. FIG. 13 shows an example in which a gNB performs channel access using beams B1 and B2. T оcc The CAI transmitted on B1 and B2 is The CAI of some beams is CAI-I, and the handshake trigger However, the CAI of other beams may not carry a trigger and may only indicate channel occupancy. Also, gNBs may need to sweep their beams to transmit CAI. At the same time, even if the gNB has channel access to those beams, the location of the CAI is not The results may vary for different systems.

[0132] Information carried by CAI

[0133] · CAI can carry the following information: The field cellID, which may be related to the NCellID of the gNB. This is 10 bits, N Alternatively, the number of bits obtained by the calculation of the following Equation 4 may be the same as the CellID. However, L may be a power of 2, such as 64 or 128, and This allows for smaller overhead while still allowing differentiation between different cells. The cellID helps the listening node identify the cell that occupies the channel. · T-bit transmitter ID field transmitterID. When a gNB (a TRP in the network) is transmitting, the T bit is It can be set to one value (Equation 5 below). - A fixed value common to all NR-U networks. · A cell-specific value provided in the cell's SI. T=0. If the field is not present, it is from the gNB. This implies that When a UE is transmitting, the T bit is set to a value (Equation 6 below) based on its ID. The ID is set to C-RNTI or configured scheduling RNTI ( Configured Scheduling RNTI (CS-RNTI) or connected It can be part of the C-RNTI or CS-RNTI configured by the network. . A receiver ID field receiverID of R bits, where R may be equal to T. be. When the gNB (TRP in the network) is receiving, the R bit is sent in one of the following ways: It can be set to a value (Equation 7 below) by one. - Fixed value common to all NR-U networks · A cell-specific value provided in the cell's SI. T=0. If the field is not present, it is from the gNB. This implies that If the UE is receiving, the value is C-RNTI or CS-RNTI, or C- Based on the receiver ID, such as the RNTI or a portion of the CS-RNTI (see Equation 8 below), ) The 1-bit field responseIndicator indicates whether the CAI should respond to the response from the receiver. -R is requested (if set to 1) or CAI does not accept the C in the response from the receiver It can indicate whether AI-R is not requested (set to 0). CAI-I uses the P-bit field to indicate the resource for transmitting CAI-R. can carry the global resourceCAIR. CAI-I uses the U bit to indicate the identity of the UE that must respond with CAI-R. The field may carry a triggeredUEID. CAI-R indicates the energy detected during the LBT period preceding CAI-R. To achieve this, we can carry an E-bit field detEnergy. By assigning a predefined threshold to Knowledge of the energy detected by the responding node is essential, especially when multiple nodes are working together. When multiplexed, it helps the initiating node to evaluate the responding node's environment. An initiating node, such as NB, can set the threshold level for LBT at responding nodes. do.

[0134]

number

[0135]

number

[0136]

number

[0137]

number

[0138]

number

[0139] The following fields may be defined for each of the numBeams for which the CAI carries information: For directional LBT, numBeams = 1. Therefore, the following fields have a single instance: For spatial LBT, numBeams is used for different unlicensed images in FR1 and FR2. It can be defined in the service band specification or configured in the SI of the cell. numBeams is the number of SSs in the cell. B. The instances in the payload are sorted in ascending order of SSB index. It can be done. -field intendedChannelOccTime. The intended channel occupancy time represented by the D bit. Interval T оcc ms. This means that the frequency is 15kHz for FR1, 120kHz for FR2, etc. It can be expressed in terms of the number of slots in the reference numerology, as shown below. ·Period T MCOT Field mcotTransmitter indicating the MCOT in ms. This is the M-bit T OCC ≦T MCOT It is given as: The field freqResourceMCOT specifies the frequency domain frequency resource to access the channel. This allows listening nodes to access channels outside the specified frequency band. You can do it.

[0140] In general, CAI is used for different purposes (e.g., occupancy time, network usage, or to indicate a handshake) and may vary depending on the use case. Each field may carry different amounts of information.

[0141] CAI on one cell may indicate channel occupancy on other aggregated NR-U cells. For example, an NR-U PCell / Primary Secondary Cell (PSCell) is It may indicate its own CAI along with the aggregated NR-U cells.

[0142] PUSCH starting position candidate

[0143] The implementation of LBT before UL PUSCH determines when the UE can access the channel. Therefore, the UE is forced to accept the signal for one or more slots. Allowing multiple starting positions during a test is a good way to deal with channel uncertainty. It is useful to deal with

[0144] To support variable starting positions for the PUSCH, two aspects need to be considered: be. a. Signaling of PUSCH starting position candidates: Necessary for gNB to detect starting position The load on the PUSCH needs to be minimized. The hardware requirements for detecting the PUSCH need to be simplified. To achieve this, the gNB must determine the starting position of the first PUSCH transmission from the UE within the UE’s COT. The number can be limited. b. UL channel access indication by UE: Indication of UE at starting position The UE selects the first PUSCH in its COT from the set of allowed starting positions. It is possible to indicate the selected start position of the transmission and therefore the intended time of channel occupancy. CAI may be transmitted on the UL by the UE to indicate the time between This may be indicated explicitly via a new signal such as a P This can be implicit via existing signals such as DMRS on the USCH. By detecting the AI, the UE knows the start position of the PUSCH. For example, If the presence of the DMRS (autocorrelation or cross-correlation) to detect the starting position of the UE's PUSCH Otherwise, the gNB can allocate the energy per received PUSCH symbol. This can be detected through energy detection.

[0145] Signaling PUSCH starting position candidates

[0146] The gNB can potentially detect the PUSCH transmission by detecting the DMRS signal from the UE. However, the gNB can detect the presence of a signal depending on the UE’s channel access. The gNB must decide on the start of PUSCH transmission, which may vary. It is possible to blindly decode the PUSCH for the starting OS of the candidate PUSCH. For example, suppose UL approval is given for 14 OS slots. However, the UE The channel can be accessed only from OS#2, and PUSCH of OS#0 and OS#1 is punctured. The gNB then receives the transmission and decodes it assuming that the PUSCH starts at OS#0. If that fails, decode at the PUSCH start position OS#1, and if that fails, PUSCH is decoded at the start position OS#2, and thereafter, PUSCH is decoded until it is successfully decoded. If the decryption fails, assume that you started in slot OS#0 and continue with PUS Buffers the PUSCH and schedules retransmissions of the PUSCH. Assuming that the original transmission started at OS#0, the gNB will perform chase combining as if the original transmission started at OS#0. and failing that, it will assume that the original transmission originated on OS#1. , decode it with Chase combining, and if that fails, assume that the original transmission started on OS#2. Then, it tries to decode it by Chase combining, and if this attempt is successful, it stops. This could lead to a very significant increase in the hardware complexity of gNBs.

[0147] Also, to minimize blind decoding, it is important for the gNB to know the starting position of the PUSCH. It can be seen that it is advantageous to enable the CAI transmitted at the start of the PUSCH. If the information becomes available at the time of the PUSCH transmission itself via signals such as This avoids blind decoding while handling retransmissions via face combining. Even if CAI is not available to the gNB at the time of processing, it will still request CAI before the scheduled retransmission. If information can be transmitted to the gNB, it is possible for the gNB to reduce blind decoding during the retransmission process. According to one aspect, the UE may transmit its own channel via a preamble or UCI. Access information can be sent, which indicates the time when the COT started. It can also indicate when the UE's COT ends. Based on the PUSCH, the start position of the PUSCH is recognized and the original transmission is added before being chase combined with the retransmission. This concept is illustrated in FIG. The start of T is indicated by the UE via UCI on the PUSCH. This occurs after the first PUSCH transmission started in has finished.

[0148] To keep the blind decoding overhead at the gNB within acceptable limits, the UE The PUSCH may be restricted to transmit starting from the start position of In the method, the gNB transmits a DCI format, format 0_0 or 0_1, similar to The DCI is transmitted to determine the UL DMRS configuration, MCS, and transmission power control. All parameters related to different PUSCH start positions, such as Time-Domain Control (TPC), are For this purpose, the UE may be provided with multiple starting positions for the PUSCH with the Then, the gNB shall transmit the same value of New Data Indicator across multiple DCIs. icator (NDI) and Redundancy Version (RV) can be used, but for example For example, fields such as time domain resource allocation, MCS, TPC, etc. may be adjusted. In this case, the UE may alternatively choose to receive multiple UL authorizations with the same NDI and RV values. The UE may interpret the LBT results as follows: You may use only one of them and ignore the other UL approvals. To provide the UE with enough processing time to prepare the CH, the previous DCI is For example, FIG. 21G shows different PUSCH start times. The UE can select the DCI based on the LBT result at the UE side. Only one of the following can be deployed.

[0149] Alternatively, all DCIs may be transmitted in the same CORESET, as shown for example in Figure 22. These DCIs carry the same NDI and RV and the UL certifications offered are interchangeable. This means that it is possible and the UE can select only one grant and ignore the other offered grants. The UE provides the largest amount of resources first, then the second largest amount of resources. UL certifications such as those provided may be used.

[0150] For example, the DCI repeat flag, a 1-bit field in the DCI The new field carries the same RV and NDI with the repeat flag set to 1. All DCIs in the same group can be substituted for each other, and the UE can You may choose to use the authorization provided by only one of the DCIs. On the other hand, if the repetition flag is set to zero, one DCI will overwrite the other. Here, the UE does not select which DCI to use, and the gNB may select, for example, The following rules determine which DCIs are available: DCI sent in a later CORESET is not DCI sent in a previous CORESET. can be overwritten, and When multiple DCIs are transmitted in the same CORESET, the lowest physical resource block is used. DCI transmitted in a Physical Resource Block (PRB) is sent in a higher PRB. The DCI sent by the player can be overwritten.

[0151] According to another aspect, a single DCI may provide multiple starting positions. For example, the C-RN RNTI (other RNTI may be used whenever applicable) This DCI uses a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) to Information can be transmitted. Start position indicating the number of PUSCH start position candidates that the UE can use depending on the LBT result The size of this field is determined by a higher layer parameter, e.g., a parameter called maxNumStartPosit. This can be defined by the RRC parameters. and / or using a dedicated time domain resource allocation for each potential starting location. In this way, the starting position for each PUSCH starting position candidate can be signaled. The bit width of this field is determined as log2(I) bits. As shown in the field, I is the upper layer parameter pusch-TimeDomainAllocationLimit. This is the number of entries in st multiplied by the number of starting positions. Or / and the MCS field for each possible starting position. The field width is the number of start positions indicated in the previous field plus the MCS for each start position. This is multiplied by the number of bits required to be carried separately. OR / AND NDI and RV are the same for all PUSCH start position candidates could be. ·Antenna port field for each PUSCH starting position candidate.

[0152] Reduces overhead of transmitting multiple DCIs to indicate different starting positions of PUSCH To do this, the UE must set higher layer parameters, e.g. The UE may select one of multiple location candidates provided by the previous RRC parameters. The location candidates are determined relative to the slot or to the scheduled PUSCH. The PUSCH-start-Positions-set may be relative to the slot. If so, the UE selects one starting position candidate from the starting position candidates that overlap with the original PUSCH grant. Figure 23 shows multiple phases for slots with symbols {0, 2, 5, 8, 10}. 1 shows an example of a PUSCH-start-Positions-set that provides PUSCH start positions relative to the In this example, PUSCH is scheduled to start from OS4. The location may be the start of a UL certification as indicated by DCI or may be a certified location. Candidate start position is {5, 8, 10}, which overlaps with Possible and corresponds to the result of LBT on the UE side. It may be one of the following.

[0153] Alternatively, the starting position candidates may be determined based on the original starting position of the PUSCH given in the UL grant. In comparison, the RRC parameter PUSCH-start-Positions-set determines the positioning of the UE. In other words, the index of the actual symbol of the candidate starting position may be given by After shifting them relative to the index of the first symbol in the UL Recognition The actual symbols of the start position candidates are given by PUSCH-start-Positions-set. If some of the indices are beyond the end of the scheduled PUSCH In the example shown in FIG. Positions-set = {2, 5, 7}, and the original starting positions provided by the UL certification are The fourth symbol. Therefore, the actual starting position candidates are {6, 9, 11}, and U E attempts to access a channel at one of these locations based on the LBT result.

[0154] Furthermore, to avoid signaling potential starting positions, we use the can be defined according to some rules regarding either the PUSCH grant itself For example, all even / odd symbols are possible starting points. The starting position candidates are all symbols after the first symbol in the licensed PUSCH or in the slot. For example, L = 1 means that all L symbols follow a certain pattern. This means that every other symbol is a candidate for the starting position. The value of L is the authorization period, M It may depend on some parameters in the PUSCH grant, such as CS. For example, if L is In the MCS dependent case, L is given by Table 3.

[0155] [Table 3]

[0156] In Table 3, I MCS is the MCS given the DCI providing the PUSCH grant, {}The following Equation 9 is the upper layer parameter such as the RRC parameter PUSCH-start-Positions-th. The higher layer parameters may be provided by the MCS thresholds for any row to be equal. If it shows MCS th_(i-1) = MCS th_i In this case, these MCS thresholds The L in the associated line where both the , and , values ​​appear is invalid.

[0157]

number

[0158] Table 4 shows the number of starting positions and their corresponding period of the scheduled PUSCH. An example of the dependency on PUSCH grant duration is shown in Figure 1. In this example, if the PUSCH grant duration is less than or equal to 3 symbols, L can be set to zero to allow the UE to attempt to access the channel at each symbol. If the duration of the PUSCH grant is 4 symbols, L can be set to 1. This means that the UE can attempt to access the channel every other symbol, etc. The values ​​of L for different PUSCH grant periods may be given by high-level parameters.

[0159] [Table 4]

[0160] Applying other mathematical rules, we can determine the OFDM system whose index (L) satisfies L mod M=0. You can also define the index of the starting position of the symbol. Some of the original PUSCH grant parameters, e.g., MCS, grant duration in number of symbols, etc. Establishes a functional dependency of M on any of the original PUSCH grant parameters To do this, for example, one can use a table similar to Table 3. If any of the above rules occur at the slot boundary If applicable, the UE may only consider potential starting locations that overlap with the UL authorization. .

[0161] In another aspect, explicitly indicating potential starting locations (using higher layer parameters); Implicit (according to specified rules) indications can be combined. For example, The starting position candidate can be the union of the explicitly and implicitly given positions. In the absence of an explicit indication of location candidates, the UE may apply the use of implicit indication. .

[0162] The above solutions and / or any possible combinations thereof may be extended to provide a single Multiple scheduled adjacent or non-adjacent PUSCs through one or more UL licenses It will be appreciated that the UE may be provided with possible starting position candidates for H. As a possible solution, R The RC parameter can provide the UE with potential starting position locations. These locations are , relative to the scheduled PUSCH and relative to the slot boundary. Then, the UE determines the position where the PUSCH overlaps with the scheduled PUSCH. Only the above-mentioned factors can be considered.

[0163] In the example shown in FIG. 50A, the start position candidates are the shortest in each scheduled PUSCH. The shift value is configured as a shift from the first OFDM symbol, and the shift value is set as an RRC parameter, etc. As shown in FIG. 50A, the shift value may be indicated by higher layer signaling of PUSC. For example, in PUSCHk, the starting position candidates may depend on S k Separated by where k is the index of the PUSCH. The UE can synthesize the adjacent PUSCHs. The shift can be signaled via higher layer signaling using a shift soft value. The set of levels may be indicated to the UE as {a, b, c, d, ...}, etc. Then, The UE uses S0=a for PUSCH0, S1=b for PUSCH1, etc. Alternatively, the UE may use higher layer signaling with a single parameter. Through the ring, the UE can obtain the parameters to derive the starting position of each PUSCH candidate. It can be shown that the PUSCH index can be used, for example. The eigenvalue may be a function of the

[0164] Alternatively, the PUSCH starting position candidates may be, for example, scheduled first as shown in FIG. The shift S starting from the first OFDM symbol in the scheduled PUSCH is Other rules can also be applied to define the positions of potential starting points. The UE may also receive the UE ID for each PUSC in addition to those indicated by higher layer signaling. The first OFDM symbol of H can also be treated as a possible starting point.

[0165] FIG. 50C illustrates a case where the starting position candidates are defined relative to the slot boundaries. The number and positions of the start position candidates are different for each slot even if they are the same between slots. The higher layer signaling may indicate these locations. The UE may In addition to the first OFDM symbol of the CH, there is no overlap with any scheduled PUSCH. The candidate starting positions are then compared to valid starting positions that the UE can use to attempt to access the channel. can be considered as a candidate location, while other starting locations outside the scheduled PUSCH Candidate locations can be considered invalid and the UE will not attempt to access the channel at those locations. Higher layers may not attempt to start the UE from each slot that it can use as a possible starting position. It is possible to indicate the index of an OFDM symbol. For example, The OFDM symbol start position is determined by the corresponding bit set to 1. In addition, each slot in a subframe / radio frame can be used as a candidate for placement. The UE may have different positions relative to the starting position candidates and may be signaled to the UE. The concatenated bitmap of each slot by the sub-threshold and the position of the candidate start positions are The gNB also repeats every group of slots. A pattern in which one group has a specific starting position candidate and the other group has a different position candidate is , can be defined over a certain number of slots. This pattern can be applied repeatedly. For example, Figure 50D shows a pattern P=101 over three slots. In a turn, there are four possible starting positions for the slot corresponding to 1, and four possible starting positions for the slot corresponding to 0. Each slot has two possible starting positions. This pattern repeats every 3 slots.

[0166] The gNB semi-statically indicates a specific set of configurations of potential starting locations, and the gNB For example, the gNB can flexibly adjust the arrangement of start position candidates. The gNB may then provide the UE with multiple higher layer configurations indicating different sets of The MAC Control Element (MA) can then use these configurations by pointing to the higher layer message ID that carries them. The appropriate configuration can be selected using the MAC-CE (MAC Control Element).

[0167] Furthermore, by using DCI, the gNB can determine the appropriate configuration of starting position candidates, e.g. , a bit field of length equal to log2(k) can be dynamically represented, where k is the configured number indicated via higher layer signaling. or in the UE-specific search space and the group using the appropriate RNTI. In addition, the gNB may be indicated in either individual DCI in the common search space. The AC-CE may be used to signal a subset of the candidate starting positions to the UE; The gNB may then use DCI to indicate the selected configuration of candidate starting positions.

[0168] UL channel access indication by UE

[0169] Adjustment of DMRS Scheduling Based on PUSCH Starting Position

[0170] For PUSCH mapping type A, the DMRS symbol position is at the slot boundary. This allows the UE to follow the schedule / configured grants. Failure to acquire the desired channel can lead to ambiguous behavior. For example, Figure 21 As shown in Fig. 22 and Fig. 23, when multiple starting positions are provided by dedicated DCI, i.e. That is, when DCI is mapped one-to-one to individual PUSCH start positions, I is the appropriate DMR RRC configuration combined with the DMRS RRC configuration according to the PUSCH starting position. S scheduling information can be carried, but this does not include multiple There is a large overhead in terms of signaling and UE power consumption for decoding the DCI. Therefore, to reduce this load, multiple DCIs are required. Rather than using In some cases, it may be more useful to signal automatically (according to specified rules). Such a static configuration determines the DMRS schedule based on the starting position of the PUSCH selected by the UE. In some cases, it may not be appropriate to adjust the ring. Several embodiments will now be described.

[0171] Single User MIMO (SU-MIMO) In the case of ), several alternatives can be adopted.

[0172] PUSCH start before l0

[0173] If the UE attempts to switch to a channel before l0, which is given by the higher layer parameter dmrs-TypeA-Position, For access to the 3GPP TS 36.211, Physical Channels and Modulation (Release V15.3.0 (3GPP TS 36.211, Physical channels and modulati on (Release 15), V15.3.0), the D of the PUSCH selected by the UE as the starting position The MRS symbol and its new duration are compared with the DMRS symbol of the PUSCH with the old duration. As long as the UL DMRS is the same, the UE can deploy the configured and scheduled UL DMRS. For example, the PUSCH period can be equal to 10, 11, or 12 OFDM symbols. In this case, the DMRS occupies symbols 10, 9 as shown in Table 5 (3GPP TS 36 .211, Physical Channels and Modulation (Release 15), see V15.3.0).

[0174] [Table 5]

[0175] Figure 25 shows 12 UL DMRS symbols, OS0 through OS11, with one additional UL DMRS symbol. Transmission over an OFDM symbol is scheduled, but the UE fails the LBT. The figure shows an example of a PUSCH that fails to access the channel due to the location candidates, OS1 When the channel starting from OS2 becomes available, the UE selects the P The USCH periods are now 11 and 10, respectively. Therefore, the UE continues to use the same schedule. A modified DMRS can be used.

[0176] On the other hand, if the PUSCH duration from the starting position selected by the UE is different from the original PUSCH duration, If the UE uses a DMRS configuration with the same number of additional DMRS symbols, the UE In the example shown in Figure 26, a new DMRS configuration related to the new PUSCH period can be used. In this case, PUSCH is first scheduled for a period of 10 symbols from OS0 to OS9. One UL DMRS symbol is added, but the UE cannot access the OS0 channel. However, if the UE accesses a channel in OS1 or OS2, the UE The durations of the PUSCH at the start positions selected by are 9 and 8, respectively. Therefore, the UE ,The UE can use the old DMRS configuration associated with the original PUSCH grant without Uses a new DMRS configuration associated with OFDM symbols in USCH periods 8 and 9 In this case, the DMRS must be in OS10,7 as shown.

[0177] PUSCH start from l0 or later

[0178] The UE determines from symbol l0 given by the higher layer parameter dmrs-TypeA-Position, When accessing a channel starting at or after the slot boundary, the UE PUSCH mapping type A is mapped relative to the DMRS. PUSCH mapping is performed relative to the PUSCH based on the PUSCH period. It can be assumed that the UE is effectively changed to ping type B. In other words, the UE , l0 is set to zero, and the new PUSCH period and the higher layer parameter dmrs-additionalPoist Map the DMRS according to the number of additional DMRS symbols given by ion. FIG. 27 shows the OS0 to OS1 DMRS symbols with one additional UL DMRS symbol. 1 is scheduled for transmission over 12 OFDM symbols, but the UE is The figure shows an example of a PUSCH that fails to access the channel due to a failure to When a candidate, i.e., a channel starting with OS5, becomes available, the UE selects the starting position. The PUSCH period due to the placement is 7 OFDM symbols. In this case, Thus, the UE will use the 10 and 11 positions relative to the start of the PUSCH according to mapping type B. UL DMRS is mapped according to the new 7OS PUSCH period, This can be done.

[0179] [Table 6]

[0180] As another example, FIG. 28 illustrates OS0 to OS Transmission over 11 of 12 OFDM symbols is scheduled, but the UE is It shows a PUSCH that fails to access the channel because of a failure in T. In this example, U E accesses the channel starting from OS7 and PUSCH from the starting position selected by the UE The duration of the OFDM signal is 4 OFDM symbols, but only one symbol carries the DMRS. There is no DMRS position.

[0181] In the examples so far, these aspects have been implemented using a single symbol D Although illustrated with respect to MRS, these aspects may be implemented in a single DMRS with any number of additional DMRS positions. It can also be applied to one-symbol DMRS and double DMRS with any number of additional DMRS positions. It is also applicable to symbol DMRS.

[0182] FIG. 29 illustrates a procedure for adjusting a DMRS configuration according to a PUSCH starting position candidate. In the example of FIG. 29, first, the gNB requests the assignment of PUSCH mapping type A. Then, the DMRS is scheduled based on the PUSCH period. The UE must subscribe to the channel to initiate a PUSCH from the first scheduled OS. Attempt access. If the channel is available, the procedure ends. If not, the UE attempts to access the channel at the new starting position. To access the channel, the UE must have PUSCH mapping type A and a new The UL DMRS configuration is selected according to the desired period, but the scheduled DMRS configuration is , DMRS type (1 or 2), number of additional DMRS positions, and single or double From the DMRS symbol point of view, they are the same. To achieve this, the UE must retransmit the PUSCH according to PUSCH mapping type B and the new period of the PUSCH. L Select a DMRS configuration, but the scheduled DMRS configuration is not DMRS type (1 or 2), the number of additional DMRS positions, and single or double DMRS symbols In both cases, the UE transmits PUSCH with the new DMRS configuration. Believe.

[0183] In the case of Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO), i.e., other The DMRS of the UE may be the same for different OCC sequences. le:CDM) group or using orthogonal frequency resources, the UE This is more difficult because the other UEs share the same PUSCH resource. By shifting the DMRS of a UE, which is independent of the DMRS of another UE, This can lead to significant interference between the different antenna ports used by the To address this, several alternatives can be adopted, as explained below.

[0184] The UL DMRS symbols of the PUSCH from the starting position selected by the UE are As long as the same symbols are occupying the same UL DMRS of H or some of those symbols This allows the UE to change the PUSCH starting position, e.g., to add three additional DMRSs. For PUSCH mapping type A with single symbol DMRS with position, If the CH period is 12, 13, or 14, the DMRS will have the same symbols l0, 5, 8, 11 Therefore, if the original PUSCH grant period is 14 symbols, and the three additional D If the MRS is configured as shown in FIG. 30, for example, UE1 will receive the The UE can attempt to access the channel starting from the selected starting position. The duration of the PUSCH is equal to 13 and 12 symbols, respectively. For the H start position, the UL DMRS is the UL In this case, the starting position of the PUSCH of UE1 is set to Even after the change, the DMRSs of UE1 and UE2 are still orthogonal.

[0185] This is not always the case; i.e., the UL DMRS may not always be available depending on the UE selected start-up. The same symbol is used for the PUSCH from the start position and the first scheduled PUSCH. Thus, according to another aspect, the UL D of the PUSCH with a new period is The symbol index set S of the OFDM symbols carrying the MRS new has an old period Symbol index set S carrying UL DMRS for PUSCH old To be selected from If the two sets are non-overlapping and S new Some of the indexes in S old If they do not belong to S, then their indices are old to the closest index in Replaced. S old and transmits UL DMRS for PUSCH in the new period. The symbols not used for this purpose are used to carry data to avoid collisions between DMRSs of other UEs. Figure 31 shows 12 symbols, OS0 to OS11. 3. The example of a PUSCH grant of duration equal to 100 ms is shown. That is, S old = {l0, 5, 8, 11}. UE1 is connected to OS1. or OS2, and the UE accesses the channel starting from the selected starting position. If we make the H periods 11 and 10, respectively, the UE's selected starting position will be During the PUSCH period from the placement, the UL DMRS is new = {l0, 6, 9} UE2 must have a UL DMRS carrying symbol 10, which means that only 10 overlaps with the symbol carrying UE2's UL DMRS. In addition, the UE new 6 and 9 of Sold At the closest index of Replace them with 5 and 8, respectively, and new = {l0, 5 6, 8 9} By doing so, the orthogonality between UE1 and UE2 is maintained.

[0186] Channel estimation from the last OFDM symbol from the last DMRS to the end of the PUSCH To avoid extrapolating a large number of OFDM symbols, which can significantly degrade the estimation, If multiple OFDM symbols are required to carry the PUSCH in a new period, the PUSC The index of the last OFDM symbol in H can be used in the old period. old = {l0, 5, 8, 11} and S new In the previous example where l = {l0, 6, 9}, the UE new By replacing 6 and 9 with 5 and 11, respectively, we obtain S as shown in Figure 32. new = You can have {l0, 5 6, 11 9}.

[0187] If PUSCH mapping type A is used but the UE acquires the channel after l0 If so, PUSCH mapping type B is used to map the PUSC from the starting position selected by the UE. The DMRS can be mapped according to the period of H. L is the index set S of symbols carrying the DMRS new But the old PUSCH UL If different from the index set of the symbol that should carry the DMRS, S new Each element of S o ld The symbol is replaced by the nearest element of the symbol. Figure 33 shows 12 symbols from OS0 to OS11. 3. The example of a PUSCH grant of duration equal to 100 ms is shown. That is, S old = {l0, 5, 8, 11}. UE1 is configured to Failed to access a channel starting from OS7, i.e., l0 or later. If the channel access is successful, the DMRS follows PUSCH mapping type B. The new PUSCH period is 5 symbols, so the UL DMRS is the symbol indexed by l0, 4 relative to the PUSCH start position OS7. Therefore, S new = {7, 11}. new S old Compared to U E replaces OS7 with OS8, S new = {8, 11}.

[0188] If the UE accesses the channel with OS8, the new period of PUSCH is 5, and P According to USCH mapping type B, the index of the symbol carrying the DMRS is l0 relative to SCH, i.e., S new = {8}. In this case, as shown in Figure 34 So, the last symbol S is used to carry the DMRS. old cannot be used.

[0189] Further, for example, as shown in FIG. 51, the UE may allocate the entire scheduled PUSCH It is possible to shift to a new starting position and simply add a new Instead of starting the PUSCH transmission from a new starting position, the scheduled DMRS is The new starting position can be shifted relative to the new starting position. Transmission via 12 OFDM symbols from OS0 to OS11 with L DMRS symbols A transmission is scheduled, but the UE is unable to access the channel due to a failed LBT. An example of a failed PUSCH is shown. The position candidates shown in the figure, i.e., the channel starting from OS2, When a channel becomes available, the PUSCH start position is shifted by two OFDM symbols. Then the DMRS symbol is shifted by two OFDM symbols and the new position is By shifting the entire PUSCH, the UE can It is possible to puncture / rate match the truncated symbols at the end of the PUSCH. Cut.

[0190] Depending on the new starting position, the new shifted position is the scheduled PUSCH If the UE is beyond the end of the scheduled DMRS symbol, it shall For example, Figure 52B shows the first two scheduled DMs. An example of a UE that transmits only one DMRS symbol, and no RS symbols, is shown. , transmit on OS11 the DMRS symbols scheduled to be transmitted on OS3. On the other hand, the DMRS scheduled to be transmitted in OS9 is removed. It is possible.

[0191] The UE may, for example, select at least one OFDM symbol in the first OFDM symbol of the new PUSCH starting position. The DMRS symbol may be configured to transmit at least one DMRS symbol. All scheduled DMRS symbols are shifted beyond the end of the scheduled PUSCH. If all scheduled DMRS symbols are removed, i.e., all scheduled DMRS symbols are removed, The shifted PUSCH results in a shift in the number of scheduled DMRS symbols. If neither can be transmitted, higher layer signaling may specify the minimum number of DMRS symbols and their In addition, the remaining OFDM symbols for carrying the PUSCH can be displayed. If the number of received packets is less than a certain threshold, the UE determines that this PUSCH is successfully decoded. Since it is most likely that the PUSCH will not be transmitted. The threshold may be indicated to the UE by higher layer signaling.

[0192] PUSCH is not allowed to cross slot boundaries and the UE cannot receive multiple adjacent PUSCHs. When scheduled in the original schedule, each scheduled PUSCH is may not be shifted to start beyond the end of the slot containing the specified PUSCH. For example, FIG. 53A shows an example of N PUSCHs scheduled by a UE, Three possible starting positions are shown for SCH0. Then, based on channel availability, Therefore, PUSCH0 can be shifted to start at any of the possible starting positions shown. If no channel is available in any of the selected PUSCH starting position candidates, or The remaining number of OFDM symbols in lot 0 is, for example, within a certain threshold indicated by higher layers. If it is less than the value, the UE can remove PUSCH0. Then, the UE An attempt can be made to access the channel in order to transmit the USCH.

[0193] If a slot contains multiple PUSCHs, the UE may, for example, In this case, all scheduled PUSCHs in the slot can be shifted. In the diagram, PUSCH0 has been removed because the channel is not available. Therefore, The UE may attempt to access the channel to transmit PUSCH1. If the channel is not available, PUSCH1 and the following PUSCH2 will both be When any PUSCH reaches the end of a slot boundary, OFDM symbols that cross slot boundaries are punctured. Available for this PUSCH Since the number of OFDM symbols required is reduced, the UE can rate match / puncture the data. There is a possibility that ringing will occur.

[0194] In addition, the UE shifts the PUSCH to a new starting position, e.g., as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4A, the scheduled DMRS symbols are One or more DMRS symbols may be added to the new PUSCH. If they are before a new starting position, then those symbols are removed, for example, as shown in Figure 54B. The new starting position of the PUSCH is excluded for every DMRS symbol that is scheduled. If the PUSCH transmission is exceeded, the UE may abandon the PUSCH transmission. Then, the UE transmits all the removed scheduled DMRS symbols. A specific feature that can be transmitted, for example, via higher layer signaling, so that The compensation DMRS symbols may be arranged in any number, positions, or any other configuration. In the example shown in FIG. 54C, the start position of the PUSCH is in OS10, where all previous In this case, the UE will start the P A DMRS symbol in the first OFDM symbol of the USCH may be transmitted.

[0195] Power boost on first PUSCH transmission

[0196] For the UE's first PUSCH transmission in the COT, the DMRS power is This boosts the DMRS in the subsequent PUSCH transmission. This ensures more reliable detection of the PUSCH in the UE and improves the estimation of the channel quality. This allows the PUSCH transmission to be rate-matched to fewer resources or to reduce channel allocation. When the PUSCH is punctured due to delay in access, the block error rate (Bl This concept is illustrated in FIG. The nominal power in the DMRS sequence of the UE's first PUSCH transmission following T4LBT is Get boosted.

[0197] Another use case is when the UE detects that the DMR If one or more OS carrying the S sequence are to be removed, the UE may To improve quality, the power of the remaining DMRS sequences can be boosted. 6 is a PUS of type B where OS#0 is not transmitted due to lack of channel availability An example of a CH transmission is shown in Figure 1. The remaining DMRS symbols in the grant are power boosted, which This compensates for the loss of the DMRS sequence in OS#0 to some extent. Detected that DMRS is not present in S#0 and PUSCH was not started in OS#0 The gNB identifies the DMRS of OS#3 and recognizes the starting positions of OS#1, 2, and From step 3, it attempts to decode the PUSCH.

[0198] Power boost value α DMRS-CAI is configured in the UE via RRC signaling. This value is the actual transmitted DMRS sequence within the available PUSCH resources. may depend on the number of

[0199] The power for PUSCH REs is also determined by the first RE in the UE's COT following the UE's LBT. The boosted PUSCH may be boosted within the available PUSCH resources for the PUSCH transmission. The number of available OSs may be a function of the number of OSs available. If the original grant had N OSs and the UE had K OSs, If the UE can access only K OSs, the UE may Power, P PUSCH,bооst =10·log10(α PUSCH-CAI ·N / K ) times, where α PUSCH-CAI RRC signaling The UE is configured via PUSCH-CAI is a value greater than or equal to 0 and is used for channel access. This applies to the first PUSCH following. In normal configuration, a value of 1 can be used. The UE shall Apply power boost only if there is power headroom for the specified N and K Otherwise, the maximum possible P PUSCH-CAI =ma x(P PUSCH,nоminal +P PUSCH,bооst ,P max ) You can boost it. Here, P PUSCH-CAI is the first PUSCH transmission following an LBT. is the power applied to max is the maximum power that the UE can transmit (P max U E capabilities, or configured in the UE via RRC signalling, or both. (It may be possible to do so.) PUSCH,nоminal is the nominal power at which the PUSCH transmission is transmitted. The power level that can be used for PUSCH transmissions following the first PUSCH transmission is P P USCH,nоminal It is.

[0200] DMRS sequence depending on PUSCH starting position

[0201] The UE is configured via RRC signaling with multiple DMRS sequences. In this case, the UE may select a DMRS sequence that indicates the starting OS of the PUSCH. This concept is illustrated in Figure 37, where the UE is connected to four possible starting positions OS#0, OS# The DMRS sequence is composed of four corresponding DMRS sequences: OS#1, OS#2, and OS#3. The UE When accessing the channel to OS#0, the DMRS sequence#1 is transmitted. When accessing the channel, it transmits DMRS sequence #2, and so on. Here, the gNB monitors all DMRS sequence candidates. Once it finds the sequence, the gNB infers from it the starting position of the PUSCH transmission. This method avoids the need to blindly detect the starting OS of a PUSCH transmission.

[0202] The sequence is generated by varying the starting position of a pseudorandom sequence generator. This can be defined by providing different initialization parameters. For example, T CAI can be introduced into the DMRS sequence, where n CAI Start of PUSCH When transform precoding for the PUSCH is enabled, the reference signal The signal sequence r(n) must be generated according to Equation 10 below.

[0203]

number

[0204]

number

[0205] However, Equation 10 above is a low peak-to-average power ratio (P-Av) defined as The PAPR sequence is dynamically determined by the DCI. For scheduled PUSCH transmissions, δ=1 and α=0. Low peak-to-average The power ratio sequence (Equation 11 above) is converted to a base sequence according to Equation 12 below. is defined by the cyclic shift α of the

[0206]

number

[0207]

number

[0208]

number

[0209] However, the above formula 14 is the length of the sequence. The multiple sequences have different values. It is defined from a single base sequence via α and δ. The base sequence (Equation 13) is divided into multiple groups.

[0210]

number

[0211]

number

[0212]

number

[0213] where Equation 15 is the group number, v is the base sequence number within the group, and each The group includes a set of lengths that satisfy the formula 16 (where 1≦m / 2 δ ≦5) (v=0) and each length is expressed by formula 17 (where 6≦m / 2 δ ) two base sequences ( v = 0,1).

[0214] The sequence group is expressed by the following formula 18.

[0215]

number

[0216]

number

[0217]

number

[0218]

number

[0219]

number

[0220] However, the above equation 19 is given by: The above formula 20 is calculated by the upper layer parameter nPUSCH-Identity-Transform-precoding. If the PUSCH is not a msg3 PUSCH, the above formula 21 is used. Otherwise, use formula 22 above. However, n CAI is defined as a parameter that identifies the starting position of the PUSCH. However, f gh and the sequence number v is given by: If neither groups nor sequence hopping is used, f gh =0 v=0 If group hopping is used but sequence hopping is not used (see below numbers) Equation 23),

[0221]

number

[0222] where C(i) is a pseudorandom Gold sequence of length 31. It needs to be initialized at the beginning of each radio frame according to Equation 24 below.

[0223]

number

[0224] When using sequence hopping instead of loop hopping (Equation 25 below): ,

[0225]

number

[0226] where C(i) is a pseudorandom Gold sequence of length 31. The generator is initialized at the beginning of each radio frame by It is necessary to do so.

[0227]

number

[0228] If transform precoding of the PUSCH is not enabled, the sequence r(n) is It must be generated according to Equation 27.

[0229]

number

[0230] where C(i) is a pseudorandom Gold sequence of length 31. The generator needs to be initialized using Equation 28 below.

[0231]

number

[0232]

number

[0233]

number

[0234]

number

[0235]

number

[0236]

number

[0237] where l is the OFDM symbol number in the slot, and the above formula 29 is the and The upper layer parameter UL-DMRS-Scrambling-ID is provided and PUSCH is In the case of not SCH, the upper layer parameter UL-DMRS-Scrambling-ID is used to calculate the above formula 30. Given the above formula 31, Otherwise, the above formula 32 and the above formula 33 are given. However, n CAI is defined as a parameter that identifies the starting position of the PUSCH.

[0238] DMRS resource density in the first PUSCH transmission

[0239] The UE is RRC configured for a specific number of DMRS sequences for PUSCH transmission. According to another aspect, when a UE performs a PUSCH transmission following a successful LBT, , the UE can use a different number of DMRS sequences. The first PUSCH transmission of that COT may use a different number of DMRS transmissions. This allows the gNB to improve channel estimation and therefore reduce the number of punctured or The BLER on PUSCH when rate-matched to fewer resources is The DMRS configuration of the PUSCH following a successful LBT can be improved by RRC signaling to the UE. As can be seen in Figure 38, the first PUSCH following the LBT can be constructed via a ring. In the transmission, the density of the DMRS is high compared to the next PUSCH transmission in the UE's COT. , the time resources of DMRS are different. Here, the UE uses two U of PUSCH type B. L grant, the first PUSCH transmission is with OS#{0, 3, 6, 9}, and the subsequent P For USCH transmission, RRC is configured to transmit DMRS on OS#{0, 10} .

[0240] UL preamble to indicate variable start position

[0241] The UE shall use the UL preamble to indicate the start position of the first PUSCH following the LBT. The PUSCH resource is associated with the location of this preamble. For example, the PUSCH can start with the same OS as the preamble, as shown in Figure 39. In this example, the preamble is transmitted in every other RE. The set can include any set of time / frequency resources configured for the UE. The gNB monitors and detects the preamble, and upon detection, the gNB Find PUSCH in S.

[0242] The gNB configures the spatial direction of the transmission of the preamble. For example, the preamble is The preamble may have the same correspondence as the DMRS sequence of the USCH transmission. Transmitted in different spatial directions corresponding to different RSs such as SSB / PBCH or CSI-RS. If the preamble resource collides with the DMRS resource of the PUSCH, the DMR S is removed and the preamble is transmitted.

[0243] In addition, the preamble should be set as shown in Figure 40 so that the gNB can easily detect it. In addition, the frequency resource may be narrower than the bandwidth of the PUSCH. RB from the lowest PUSCH resource in the grant. It can be configured relative to the center of the carrier as shown in FIG. 40B. It can also be fixed.

[0244] The preamble sequence is configured to the UE via RRC signaling. The sequence may be configured UE-specific or commonly across UEs.

[0245] If the UE is specially configured, the preamble has the same sequence as the DMRS for the PUSCH. The preamble may only apply to the entire frequency resource of the PUSCH. This can be done.

[0246] The preamble corresponds to DL RS such as SSB, CSI-RS, or DMRS. For example, the preamble may be transmitted with the same DMRS as the PUSCH following the preamble. Alternatively, the correspondence may be configured via RRC signaling to the UE. do.

[0247] In addition to indicating the start of a PUSCH transmission, the preamble also indicates the duration of the UE's COT. A set of preambles may be configured for the UE. The preamble may indicate a particular period of COT. The UE may determine its intended channel occupancy period. Depending on the time, the preamble to be transmitted can be selected. For example, For autonomous UL transmission, the gNB must report the buffer status. Without higher layer information such as Base Station User Report (BSR), how many PUSCH transmissions are sent from the UE? To reduce latency, the preamble may not be known. The duration of configured granted resources can be indicated by PHY signaling over This allows the gNB to plan resources according to the UE’s COT and to This helps to enable efficient COT sharing between the

[0248] If the preamble sequence is common to multiple UEs, other nodes will not be able to use the channel. The preamble allows for improved power efficiency and coexistence by allowing the If the preamble is common to DL and UL, coexistence becomes easier. The location of the preamble resource can be common for DL ​​and UL. The preamble may be rate matched around the PUSCH or the preamble may be panned around the PUSCH. You can also crunch it.

[0249] In the case of PUSCH mapping type B for either SU-MIMO or MU-MIMO In this case, the location of the DMRS symbol is defined relative to the PUSCH resource. Therefore, the UE may choose a different PUSCH starting position than the one originally scheduled. In this case, the UE can transmit UL DMRS symbols according to PUSCH type B. In this case, the first DMRS symbol is the PUSCH from the starting position selected by the UE. The location and number of additional DMRS symbols can be PUSCH from the location selected by the UE according to the DMRS mapping rules for PUSCH Type B For example, FIG. 49 shows two additional UL DMRS symbols. Schedule the transmission over eight OFDM symbols from OS5 to OS12 with A PU that is connected to the LBT but fails to access the channel due to the UE failing the LBT An example of SCH is shown. The location candidates shown in the figure, i.e., channels starting with OS7, are available. Then, the duration of the PUSCH according to the starting position selected by the UE is 6 OFDM symbols. In this case, as shown in FIG. 49, the UE uses the PUSCH according to mapping type B. According to the new 6OS PUSCH period of l0 and 4 relative to the start of the UL D The MRS can be mapped.

[0250] Transmit PUSCH in available symbols

[0251] Some of the above procedures may result in the UE failing to access the channel at the start of the UL authorization. From which starting position the UE can attempt to access the channel in this case It allows gNB and UE to have the same understanding. The method examines how the DMRS is affected by shifting the starting position, and It can be used to indicate which PUSCH candidate position the UE should select. The procedure for puncturing and adapting the MCS and the piggybacked The manner in which UCI can be transmitted is described below.

[0252] Puncturing

[0253] In a simple step, the UE generates the PUSCH based on the authorization provided by the gNB. After that, the UE will use some of those symbols without adjusting the UL DMRS position. According to one aspect, the UE may puncture one PUSCH grant and transmit the other. Puncture all symbols from the beginning of the FIG. 41 shows three additional DMs configured to occupy 10, 5, 8, and 11. An example of a PUSCH grant with RS from OS0 to OS11 with a duration equal to 12 symbols is shown below. When the UE accesses a channel starting with OS7, the UE accesses the channels from OS0 to OS6. Can be punctured.

[0254] In some situations, especially the last two OFDM symbols of the PUSCH may not carry any DMRS. If all DMRS symbols are punctured because they may not carry However, the remaining DMRS may not be sufficient to allow the gNB to obtain accurate channel estimation. Therefore, according to another aspect, in order to obtain reliable decoding at the gNB, A small number of the required DMRS symbols can be transmitted. The remaining DMRS symbols are If it is less than the minimum threshold, the gNB is likely to be able to decode the transmitted PUSCH. Because it is low, the UE can forgo UL transmissions to reduce power consumption.

[0255] This threshold is based on the number of required DMRS symbols or already scheduled DMRS symbols. An RRC parameter called min_DMRS_num may provide an absolute number for the minimum number of parts of the symbol. In addition, the minimum number of DMRS symbols required can be configured by higher layer parameters. The number of PUSCH grants depends on the scheduled PUSCH grant parameters such as MCS and PUSCH period. Table 7 shows the number of DMRS symbols required as a function of the scheduled MCS. Here is an example of the minimum number.MCS is the MC given to the DCI providing the PUSCH authorization. S. Furthermore, the following Equation 34 is a higher-level parameter such as the RRC parameter min_DMRS_num. The higher layer parameters may be provided by the layer parameters. If it shows equality, i.e., MCS th_(i-1) = MCS th_i In the case of these M The minimum number of required DMRS symbols for the associated row on which both CS thresholds appear is invalid.

[0256]

number

[0257] [Table 7]

[0258] Similarly, the minimum number of DMRS symbols required is, for example, as shown in Table 7, where L is the actual number of OFDM symbols that can be transmitted, and { }The following Equation 35 is calculated based on higher layer parameters such as the RRC parameter min_DMRS_num. A higher layer parameter may be provided to ensure that the PUSCH duration thresholds for any row are equal. If it shows, i.e. D th_(i-1) =D th_i If both of these MCS thresholds If a DMRS symbol count is less than 1, the minimum number of required DMRS symbols for the associated row in which it appears is invalid.

[0259]

number

[0260] [Table 8]

[0261] In addition, in the case of MU-MIMO scheduling, the direct To avoid losing coherency, puncturing may be used. The newly selected DMRS symbol may only use one of the May not attempt to adjust UL DMRS based on PUSCH duration from start position. do.

[0262] Adaptation of MCS

[0263] License Transport Block Size (TBS) is fixed Assuming that the LBT result is not dependent on the scheduled PUSCH, The associated MCS is not a valid MCS for transmitting the entire TBS in one transmission. On the other hand, the UE may decide the MCS associated with the scheduled PUSCH. ,Automatic ,based ,on ,LBT ,results ,without ,a ,common ,understanding ,between ,UE ,and ,gNB ,about ,the ,new ,MCS. If the MCS is changed regularly, it will be a big burden for the gNB to detect the used MCS. do.

[0264] If multiple PUSCH start positions are signals via multiple DCIs as described above, The appropriate MCS associated with the new PUSCH starting position is signaled in these DCIs. It is possible.

[0265] If multiple PUSCH starting positions are configured via higher layer parameters, the new M CS may be determined as a function of several parameters provided in the PUSCH grant. For example, the new MCS is PUSCH grants such as PUSCH period, MCS, and As shown in Fig. 1, the PUSCH period depends on the starting position selected by the UE based on the LBT result. It may exist.

[0266] [Table 9]

[0267] where L is the PUSCH period as provided in the UL approval in terms of symbols. , I MCS is the MCS given in the PUSCH grant. new, N(L-1) I MCS In function of It is possible. For example, I new, x = max {2 I MCS , MCS_max} is the new MCS. 2 times the MCS given in the PUSCH grant with a specific maximum MCS, denoted by MCS_max This means that.

[0268] Alternatively, the UE may transmit the piggybacked UCI on the PUSCH. It can autonomously change MCS and indicate the selected MCS. It can also be piggybacked. The UCI that was received may be transmitted at the specified location during the new PUSCH period. The gNB first transmits the backed-up UCI after the first DMRS symbol. I is decoded to know the MCS selected by the UE, and then the data portion in the PUSCH can be made to decode.

[0269] Instead of transmitting UCI to carry the selected MCS, the UL DMRS is selected. For example, the UE may be provided with some initialization sequence. They have a one-to-one mapping relationship with the MCS candidates. The gNB knows the selected MCS by knowing the DMRS initialization sequence. This generates the DMRS initialization sequence using the following equation (Equation 36 below): This is achieved by signaling multiple values ​​(Equation 37 below) used for It is possible.

[0270]

number

[0271]

number

[0272] The additional value (Equation 37) is, for example, an RRC parameter such as scrambling_to_MCS_mapping. The other parameters in the above equation are given by the higher layer parameters such as The gNB blindly detects the DMRS and the corresponding initialization to detect the MCS. It is necessary to detect it for a purpose.

[0273] Piggybacked UCI transmissions

[0274] If the PUSCH symbols are punctured or shifted based on the LBT result, ,Piggybacked UCI will be used in the first few OFDM synthesizers at the start of PUSCH authorization. If it is mapped to a ball, piggybacked UCIs may be affected. According to another aspect, the UCI may have a higher priority than the PUSCH. The CI may carry either no DMRS or the first single-symbol / double-symbol DMRS. It can be transmitted at the first available symbol immediately after transmission.

[0275] Based on the LBT result, there are very few OFDM symbols available for UL transmission so that, especially when the size of UCI is large, there may not be enough resources to carry UCI. Therefore, according to another aspect, specific priority rules can be defined to specify which content of UCI can be removed. For example, · The part 2 CSI report may have a lower priority than the part 1 CSI report . · The part 2 CSI report may have a lower priority than the acknowledgement / negative-acknowledgement (ACK / NACK) feedback . · The part 1 CSI report may have a lower priority than the ACK / NACK feedback .

[0276] Since the content of UCI can vary according to the LBT result, blindly decoding different UCIs with different contents can be a burden for the gNB. Thus, according to another aspect, the UL DMRS can indicate the content of the piggybacked UCI . For example, if the content of UCI is divided into three categories, i.e., part 2 CSI report < part 1 CSI report < ACK / NACK feedback, the possible DMRS initialization sequences can be divided into three groups, and each group of the initialization sequences corresponds to a specific UCI category.

[0277] Signaling of CAI

[0278] CAI is especially latency sensitive and other general nodes can read it. If necessary, it may be signaled entirely as a PHY signal, but latency may be an issue. In scenarios where this is not the case, it may be transmitted via higher layer signaling.

[0279] PHY Signaling for CAI

[0280] Signaling via PDCCH in a common search space

[0281] In DL, NR DCI can carry the payload and is transmitted using PDCCH. , can be signaled to the CAI in the physical layer.

[0282] The intention is that sibling nodes and general nodes will be able to receive (at least from other NR-U cells) The purpose of the PDCCH is to enable detection of the CAI transmitted by nodes in the PDCCH. The DL-CAI- ... Therefore, the general node knows the CAI-RNTI. The remaining minimum system information (Remaining MSI) of the cell is used to obtain the CAI-RNTI. There is no need to obtain Initial System Information (RMSI).

[0283] If the NR-U cell is in a DC or Stand-Alone (SA) deployment, The DL CAI can be signaled on the PBCH and RMSI. The NR-U band may be transmitted within the CORESET and common search space of index 0. gNBs periodically detect each other’s presence and signal their UEs to The gNB can also monitor the cell ID for CAI. Synchronization information can be provided to the UE so that it does not need to perform synchronization with the Therefore, sibling nodes and general nodes can detect the presence and location of the PBCH of coexisting NR-U cells. The cell that occupies the channel is the one with CORESET index 0. A CAI can be sent. Sibling nodes and general nodes can detect the CAI. The method for detecting CAI is shown in FIG. Here, gNB2 and its UE are general nodes, and gNB1 uses CAI on cell 1. Send.

[0284] In an NR-U cell in carrier aggregation with a licensed PCell, The PCell is used by sibling nodes to monitor the DL-CAI-RNTI DCI on NR-U cells. Alternatively, you can configure a CORESET to receive the SSB / RMSI signal. It can also exist within a Cell, allowing general nodes to monitor the CAI.

[0285] D with CRC scrambled by DL-CAI-RNTI for CAI For the CI format, a Type 0 B-PDCCH common search can be introduced. Type 0B-PDCCH common search space monitoring occasion SS / PBCH block index The relationship between the index and the monitoring occasion of the Type 0-PDCCH common search space is The UE may use the same association with P The DMRS antenna port associated with DCCH reception and the DMRS antenna port associated with SS / PBCH reception The associated DMRS antenna port is then subjected to delay spread, Doppler spread, and Doppler shift. , mean delay, and spatial Rx parameters. The DMRS scrambling sequence initialization value can be set as follows: . Can be set to a fixed constant defined by the specification. -Can be set to cell ID.

[0286] The length of the DCI based on the DL-CAI-RNTI is defined in the specification or by the RMSI The DCI length monitored in CORESET index 0 can be configured in If the number of NR-U UEs exceeds the maximum limit in NR during a monitoring occasion, the NR-U UE shall DCI oversight of the league may be discontinued.

[0287] The higher layer parameter dlCAIPeriod is defined to indicate the periodicity of signaling CAI. (As can be seen in Figures 10 and 11, CAI can be implemented by gNB in ​​MCOT.) (The signal is signaled multiple times to ensure that listening nodes do not miss the signal.)

[0288] Not all cells may support the transmission of CAI. One bit of the PBCH It may indicate whether the cell supports CAI transmission.

[0289] Alternatively, the CAI may be multicast to a group of UEs. CAI is transmitted using a PDCCH (e.g., PDCCH with DCI format 2_0). This PDCCH can carry the UE's GC-CAI-RNTI configuration for CAI. DCI is a group-wide identifier that is used by UEs in the RRC connected state. The group common RNT1 (Group Common RNT1) "GC-CAI-RNTI" is used for scrambling. It is possible.

[0290] It is advantageous for a node such as a gNB to indicate the initiation of channel access to a UE. This allows the UE to receive valid CSI-RS, DRS, SSB / PBCH, and PRACH OK signals. John, and resources for COT sharing with gNB and configured authorization resources The existence of at least one of them can be identified.

[0291] The DCI with DL-CAI-RNTI is used by the gNB to provide the status of the COT. The DCI may be transmitted to the UE via the gNB. The DCI may carry up to C bits indicating the COT of the gNB. C can be configured in the UE via RRC signaling or predefined in the specification. For example, for MCOT up to 10 ms, C=4. DCI is The bandwidth over which OT is valid, e.g., the bandwidth corresponding to B 20 MHz subbands in the spectrum. It can also carry a bitmap of B bits that allow gNBs to access channels up to 20M The bit corresponding to the set of DL- CAI-RNTI and Slot Format Indication RNTI When the DCI with both dication-RNTI and SFI-RNTI is received, It is possible to ignore the SFI of a slot where the CAI-RNTI indicates that there is no access. Alternatively, the DCI may specify the slot format of the N slots of the COT. The DL-CAI-RNTI indicates the COT. It can be SFI-RNTI that provides format indication. DL, flexi The "D" present in the slot format to identify the BULL, UL, and UL states, respectively. In addition to the "X", "U" and "X" states, the "N" state is used to identify invalid channel access. A null format may be introduced. For example, the slot format "NNNNN "NNNNNNNNN" indicates that the channel access This means that no access is available. A mat can also be defined as "XXXXXXXNNNNNNN", in which case The last seven symbols of the slot are outside the COT of the node, so the channel access DCI may carry a slot format for many slots. Therefore, when a null format is detected for a symbol, the UE determines that the gNB is It is possible to recognize that the channel cannot be accessed and ignore the SFI of the symbol following the null. The second DCI with the Bandwidth-RNTI (BW-RNTI) is It can carry information about the 20 MHz sub-bands in which OT is valid. I may be detected during the same CORESET and monitoring occasions as SFI-RNTI Therefore, the UE uses both the SFI-RNTI and BW-RNTI to determine the channel It determines the bandwidth and time of channel access. In the case of directional LBT, the COT is determined in the spatial direction. In this case, a single DCI provides COT information for multiple spatial directions. Therefore, the DCI can carry the TCI status for each COT it indicates. Alternatively, the DCI can carry the COT for the D spatial directions configured for the UE. D can be used to send RMSI or other system information (OS I) or may be configured in a UE-specific manner. DCI received in an intermediate direction may indicate the COT for that spatial direction. This RS, which determines the direction of the For example, the spatial direction of the DMRS of the DCI (carrying the COT) is called its spatial Here, the CA-RS is a DC Therefore, multiple DCIs can be transmitted by the gNB to The A-RS can be used to indicate the COT in different spatial directions.

[0292] A CA-RS group is a group of nodes in which a gNB has channel access to a given CA-RS. In this case, the CA may be defined to include a set of RSs that may be transmitted by the gNB. -RS groups may be defined for DMRS of DCI carrying COT, This includes other RSs such as CSI-RS that may be transmitted by the gNB in ​​the same spatial direction as the RS. The UE receives a grant or R that belongs to a CA-RS group for which the gNB has channel access. If the UE has the CA-RS, the UE processes the grant or RS. The gNB can then perform spatial LBT in the given direction. If successful, the gNB A CA-RS can transmit signals within its CA-RS group. , RSs with the same / similar spatial orientation as the reference CA-RS in that CA-RS group are included. As shown in Figure 42, the gNB conveys the COT information to the CA-RS1. When the UE receives this, it sends DCI to the COT of CA-RS1. A-RS group can only receive signals in a given spatial direction by the RS. Recognize.

[0293] Furthermore, in the case of directional LBT, if the gNB shares its COT with the UE, The UE will use the shared COT only if the spatial direction of the received grant corresponds to the DL spatial direction of the COT. The UE can perform the grant transmission configured above. The UE also performs CAT2LBT. Each DL CA-RS accesses a channel in the shared COT in the direction corresponding to the DL CA-RS. As shown in FIG. 43, the UE can select the DL CA-RS group of CA-RS1. The gNB transmits within the COT of the gNB using the spatial direction corresponding to the group.

[0294] When a node such as a gNB gets channel access from the beginning of a partial slot, A node may only have channel access for a partial slot at the end of the COT. In this case, the format of the last partial slot must be such that the COT is more granular to indicate this. A node may not indicate this because it would require additional bits to indicate this with finer granularity. Unless the UE has an explicit grant for the last partial slot, the UE It is not possible to recognize the COT of gNB in ​​the lot. Therefore, for the last partial slot, In this case, the UE may not access the channel even if a valid COT indication is not received. If so, the UE considers the channel access valid and processes the slot. This is especially true for scheduled grants, as long as no grants are received within the COT. However, in the case of configured authorization, only partial slots are available. If no COT indication for channel access is received, the UE shall The DMA controller assumes that the process is not valid and will not transmit in that slot.

[0295] To keep power consumption low during CAI monitoring periods, the UE may transmit only on selected resources. For example, the UE may monitor the CAI. CAI A narrow B in the search space It is possible to monitor CAI on the CORESET in the WP. When CAI is received, the UE switches to a preconfigured wider BWP and configures CORES for control information ET can be monitored.

[0296] Alternatively, the UE may receive the CAI on a common BWP and then transmit the CAI and the control Although it is possible to monitor control information, different search methods are used to monitor CAI and other control information. It is possible to construct a search space.

[0297] Alternatively, if a CAI is detected, for the remainder of the COT detected from that CAI, The search space configured for CAI is automatically disabled.

[0298] Signaling over PDCCH to trigger handshake

[0299] In DL, the NR DCI is the CA to trigger a handshake on the UL. It can carry a payload of 10 ... CAI-I PDCCH is signaled using C-RNTI or CS-RNTI. The UE blindly decodes the PDCCH and performs CA if its LBT is successful. The UE responds with an IR. CAI-I must also be performed by the UE before sending a CAI-R. The method is shown in Figure 15. In this case, Other connected UEs and nodes outside the cell cannot receive CAI-I.

[0300] The trigger is D in the UE-specific search space or in the Type 0-PDCCH common search space. The new DCI formats 1_1C, 1_ 0C, 0_1C, 0_0C may be introduced in one or more of the following fields: 1 bit to indicate the need for a handshake · The L bit (priority class) indicating the type of LBT performed by the UE ·T indicates the channel occupancy time оcc As a result, the UE can B's T оcc CAI-R can be signaled within · H bit indicates the threshold value used for sensing prior to sending CAI-R

[0301] The PDCCH of CAI-I is in a search space similar to the Type 0-PDCCH common search space. The CAI-RNTI may be signaled in a common search space with the CAI-RNTI in the I can be configured via RMSI or a constant value specified in the specification. Sibling nodes can receive DCI and one or more UEs can trigger its CAI-R and CAI-I. Depending on how the C-C is configured, other general nodes in the NR-U cell can also transmit Detect AI-I and then T оcc The DCI also has a Trigger The CAI may have an L bit to indicate the type of LBT performed by the UE. -R includes an implicit or explicit CAI-R identifier for the receiver so that the receiver can identify the source of the CAI-R. The CAI-R includes the identity of the node requesting the handshake. This may include multiple nodes accessing resources via frequency / time multiplexing. Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-E (Vehicle-to-E) communication that may This can be useful in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) applications. CAI-I and CAI-R may be transmitted and it is necessary to be able to identify their source and receiver. A trigger can be provided in the following ways: When a CAI-RNTI is received, an implicit handshake is triggered. - Time T from receipt of I Resp UEs that receive DL or UL approval within the As shown in FIG. 16, UE1 is triggered to transmit T Re sp UE1 receives CAI-I and DL grant within 10 seconds. Therefore, UE1 receives CCA / LB If T is successful, it responds with CAI-R. Similar to the Paging RNTI (P-RNTI), the CAI-RNTI is A PD carrying the identity (e.g., C-RNTI) of the UE that needs to respond with the CAI-R SCH authorization may be provided. UEs that find the ID in the message will send CAI-R This approach introduces inherent latency because the message must be processed at a higher layer. There is a possibility. The CAI-RNTI itself may carry the identity of the triggered UE. Upon receiving the ID in the UE, the UE transmits the CAI-R. However, this method The CI payload becomes very large.

[0302] CAI-R signaling via RACH

[0303] In addition to indicating that the node's channel is ready to receive, the CAI-R response Therefore, the PRACH preamble may not carry much information. The RACH preamble for CAI-R can be RRC configured for the UE. To ensure that all CAI-R signals are received by the gNB without collisions, In this case, a contention-free RACH resource is desirable. Due to the orthogonality of the PRACH preamble, Several CAI-Rs can be received simultaneously. Following reception of the preamble, a handshake Once complete, the gNB proceeds with DL / UL authorization for the UE.

[0304] UL CAI-R Signaling on PUCCH

[0305] The short PUCCH format used for SR can be used for CAI-R. When the UE detects energy in the CAI-R resource, the CAI-R is received and the handover The handshake is considered complete.

[0306] The CAI-R provides additional information such as the energy level detected during CCA / LBT in the UE. In addition, the DL RS or UL Sounding Reference Signal (UL Soundi ng Reference Signal: UL SRS) for multiple beams In this case, the payload is too large to be indicated via the RACH. For CAI-R, it is not possible to use short or long PUCCH. This can be done.

[0307] The CAI-Rs from multiple UEs may be orthogonally multiplexed or multiplexed with other CAI-Rs from other UEs. It may be multiplexed with the PUCCH signal.

[0308] Preamble Assisted CAI

[0309] The preamble can be used to indicate the CAI. T using оcc or carries some or all of the information required to represent a cell. Additionally, it may indicate resources where more information about occupancy may be available. Such a design would prevent nodes from other cells or technologies from occupying the channel and NR-U nodes from This may make it easier to detect the preamble without having to obtain the SI of the code. Nodes monitor the preamble in time, looking for a high correlation with known preambles. If the correlation exceeds a threshold, the preamble is detected.

[0310] By using a common preamble across all NR-U nodes, This simplifies node detection. The preamble is u:ZC) sequence, or M-sequence (m-seq) such as PSS or SSS. uence), or Channel Quality Information RS for DL It may be based on an RS sequence such as PRAC on the UL. It may be a sequence such as H or SRS.

[0311] Cell Coloring

[0312] The preamble can carry S bits of information indicating the cell transmitting the CAI. The bits may be derived from the cell ID of the gNB or UE connected to the cell ID. If the bit count is small (e.g., 2 or 3 bits), the listening node can select the (2 It must be correlated with a small set of known sequences (4 or 8 for 3 bits). The S bit allows the listening node to distinguish whether the transmission is in-cell or out-of-cell. The number of bits indicated is the Cell ID. If the number of ,cells is less than ,there is ambiguity in identifying the cell on which the,preamble is transmitted. Therefore, a general node cannot be sure if it is from its own cell. Although it is impossible to know, it is possible to quickly identify CAI from many cells. Additional information may be included in the preamble to avoid the transmission being transmitted by another cell. Nodes that identify themselves as such do not need to look for this information. 17. If complete information about the cell ID is available, the nodes in the cell can use the LBT A higher threshold for failure is used to allow space reclamation.

[0313] T on the preamble оcc Indication of

[0314] The S bit of the preamble is T оcc A general node is used to indicate the channel It knows the state of the router and when to start probing the channel.

[0315] S bit indication on preamble

[0316] The S bit can be indicated in one of the following ways: In general, the S bit is indicated in the preamble. If there is a capacity indicating T оcc Separating the indication of the number of cells and the coloring of the cells This can be done. The S bit is part of the root or cyclic shift of the preamble based on ZC. It can be used as such. · The S bit can be used as part of the M-sequence based preamble initialization. The preamble sequence (Equation 38 below) can be repeated S times in time. Applying the OCC vector of length S (Equation 39 below) S times, we obtain an S-bit Here, the preamble is repeated four times, and the following information can be carried: Let us assume that.

[0317]

number

[0318]

number

[0319]

number

[0320] FIG. 18(A) shows how a preamble can be transmitted by time repetition. For example, since the preamble may be transmitted asynchronously, node 1 Once the node has successfully completed the preamble transmission, it will immediately transmit the preamble. 1 may transmit a reserved signal to synchronize with the symbol boundary.

[0321] FIG. 18B shows an example in which the preamble is transmitted synchronously with the symbol boundary. After a successful completion, the reservation signal follows. At the beginning of a symbol boundary, a preamble is transmitted.

[0322] Preamble Resources

[0323] The CAI preamble is narrowband so that the receiving node can detect it with minimal power consumption. The bandwidth can be greater than the minimum BWP supported by NR-U. The frequency can also be reduced to, for example, 5 MHz for FR1. European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) harmonized standard According to the IEEE 802.11b standard, 20 MHz channels are required for 5 GHz, but the center of the 20 MHz band is Since operation in a smaller band (approximately 5 MHz) than the central band is also permitted, CAI Selecting 5MHz for the preamble is effective for coexistence with WiFi. The preamble may be set to the minimum occupied channel bandwidth (OCB). B) It may be sufficient to meet the requirement, i.e., 80% of 5MHz.

[0324] The preamble is used to identify the location of a general node in an unlicensed band. At a predefined location, such as the center of a 20 MHz band, or at a specific predefined location, such as a raster location In Figure 19, the 80 MHz band is divided into 20 MHz bands, and the 80 MHz band is divided into 20 MHz bands. This shows an example where the CAI preamble is transmitted within the central 5 MHz.

[0325] The CAI resource is sent to the RRC so that all UEs can find the CAI. In CA, information is provided by the PCell. In the DC, the information is provided by the Master Cell Group (MCG). MCG) or may be obtained from SI carried on DRS or SSB. In SA, this information can also be obtained from the SI carried in the DRS or SSB. I is the offset from the lowest PRB of the channel bandwidth (CBW) The frequency resources may be provided by the

[0326] As NR supports operation at wider bandwidths, NR-U nodes can operate at multiple 20M Hz bands can be used to create composite carriers of wider bandwidth within a single cell. (Instead of carrier aggregation in which many SCells are aggregated, (Many chunks are combined into one cell). Again, in this specification, the aggregated bandwidth is We propose to transmit the preamble at the center of each 20 MHz sub-band. As shown, in the unlicensed spectrum, four 20 MHz channels are The 80 MHz band is used. NR-U nodes use three 20 MHz channels. According to another aspect, the CAI preamble is A 20MHz general node can detect the channel condition without having to switch frequencies. It may be transmitted in the center of each of the 20 MHz channels so that

[0327] Alternatively, the gNB may decide to use the SI or dynamically (especially to trigger the handshake). Provide a bitmap (through authorization at the time) of which 20 MHz bands carry CAI It can be shown.

[0328] The numerology of the preamble may be determined as follows: The preamble uses a predefined numerology based on the frequency band. Example: For example, 15 kHz on FR1 can be used to allow UEs with different processing capabilities to receive this signal. 30KHz and 60KHz also keep the waiting time by CAI preamble short, Barcodes can be used to allow more repetitions. The preamble uses the same numerology as SSB. In this case, the listening node The SSCell receives the S You need to know the numerology for SB or NR-U cells.

[0329] In general, the information that can be transmitted on the preamble is limited. In addition, the CAI is transmitted in conjunction with other forms of transmission (such as PDCCH, RACH, and RS). The preamble is the open address from which the rest of the CAI information can be received. In other words, the information in the preamble is relevant to the node. If so, the node wakes up and looks at the remaining CAI information, as shown in Figure 17. The remaining information in the CAI is written in the first (signal type) occurrence after the preamble. It may appear in the 0x10 ... For example, if the remaining information is transmitted on the PDCCH, the node This information can be sought during monitoring opportunities. This concept is illustrated in Figure 44. In the figure, the UE Monitor the preamble of the L signal. When the preamble is found, the UE starts monitoring the PDCCH. Sometimes it decodes the DCI which carries the COT information.

[0330] Another example is shown in FIG. 45, where the C ORESET and monitoring occasions are provided. Preamble and next monitoring occasion If there are multiple symbols between the time periods, the gNB may not indicate the COT information or may not Scheduling cannot be performed immediately, which may result in a waste of resources. In addition, the CORESET and search space monitoring occasions have a minimum waiting time following the preamble. A time may be provided. This control resource may be aperiodic. Presence is determined by the location of the preamble.

[0331] Aperiodic CORESET / search space monitoring occasions are as shown in Figure 46. This allows for a delay between the preamble and the DCI. This reduces processing time and allows for better resource utilization.

[0332] The preamble of the DCI carrying the COT information and the DMRS can be QCL signals. Therefore, when a UE receives a preamble in a particular spatial direction, it will detect aperiodic In other words, the non-periodic CORESET is received before the preamble. In order to cover all UEs, the gNB is expected to have the same QCL as in Figure 4. 7, the preamble is transmitted multiple times in different spatial directions. The ESET is configured via RRC signaling. The occasions are defined to be aperiodic. For example, the search space monitoring occasions are This occurs only once in relation to the detected preamble. This search space is determined by the RRC signaling. The offset is determined by the occurrence of the preamble. It is set to 0 and is not periodic, so it does not have the parameter monitoringSlotPeriodicityAndOffset. There is a possibility.

[0333] Furthermore, the preamble is a form of DMRS for PDCCH in CORESET. To provide sufficient reliability, the gNB will transmit the preamble in the form of wideband DMRS. The device can be scheduled to enter a standby state.

[0334] Any or all of the devices, systems, methods, and processes described herein may include: The instruction is executed by a processor such as processor 118 or 91 of FIGS. 21B and 21F. When executed, the systems, methods, and processes described herein are executed or performed by a processor. Computer-executable instructions (e.g., It is understood that the present invention may be embodied in the form of a program code. Any of the steps, operations, or functions of The method may be executed on a processor of a device or computing system configured for either Such a program may be implemented in the form of computer-executable instructions. A medium includes any non-transitory (e.g., tangible or physical) method or device for storing information. Implemented in technology for volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media Such computer-readable storage media include, but do not include, signals. The data-readable storage medium includes RAM, ROM, and electrically erasable ROM. Programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Disc (Digital Versatile Disc:DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassette , magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage, or other magnetic storage device, or can be used to store desired information and accessed by a computing system. This includes, but is not limited to, any other tangible or physical medium through which the Software may be accessed. I can't.

[0335] In describing preferred embodiments of the subject matter of the present disclosure, as shown in the figures, for the sake of clarity, Certain terminology has been employed. However, claimed subject matter does not necessarily conform to the particular terms so selected. The present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the specific terms and each specific element may be used to accomplish a similar purpose. It is to be understood that the present invention includes all technical equivalents that operate in a similar manner for the purposes of the present invention.

[0336] This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also provides further examples. Any person skilled in the art will be able to make and use any device or system, and any incorporated The invention is patentable, including the execution of the method described herein. The scope is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples include cases where the invention has elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, and If the claim contains equivalent elements that have insubstantial differences from the literal words of the claim, It is intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising a processor, a memory, and a communication circuit, the processor, the memory, and the communication circuitry comprising: receiving a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message, the RRC message including an indication of a number of bits used to indicate a Channel Occupancy Time (COT) in a Downlink Control Information (DCI) transmission; performing a first type of channel access procedure; receiving a first DCI associated with a Slot Format Indicator Radio Network Temporary Identifier (SFI-RNTI), the first DCI including a slot format indication, an indication of the COT in a number of bits indicated in the RRC message, and a bitmap indicating one or more available subbands; determining the COT from the first DCI; switching from the first type of channel access procedure to a second type of channel access procedure based on at least the indication of COT received in the first DCI; receiving a second DCI associated with a Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI), the second DCI including an uplink grant indicating a plurality of time domain resource allocations; performing a physical uplink shared channel transmission in response to at least one of the plurality of time domain resource allocations during at least a portion of the COT; An apparatus configured to:

2. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the slot format indication indicates that channel access is partially available in a first slot associated with the SFI-RNTI.

3. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the slot format indication comprises an indication that the channel access is available in one or more first symbols of the first slot.

4. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the slot format indication comprises an indication that the channel access is not available in one or more second symbols of the first slot.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first DCI is a multicast DCI.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second DCI is a UE-specific DCI.

7. An apparatus comprising a processor, a memory, and a communication circuit, the processor, the memory, and the communication circuitry comprising: transmitting a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message, the RRC message including an indication of a number of bits used to indicate a Channel Occupancy Time (COT) in a Downlink Control Information (DCI) transmission; transmitting a first DCI associated with a Slot Format Indicator Radio Network Temporary Identifier (SFI-RNTI) to a Wireless Transmit / Receive Unit (WTRU), the first DCI including a slot format indication, an indication of the COT in a number of bits indicated in the RRC message, and a bitmap indicating one or more available subbands; transmitting a second DCI associated with a Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI), the second DCI including an uplink grant indicating a plurality of time domain resource allocations; receiving a physical uplink shared channel transmission from the WTRU in response to at least one of the plurality of time domain resource allocations during at least a portion of the COT; An apparatus configured to:

8. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the slot format indication indicates that channel access is partially available in a first slot associated with the SFI-RNTI.

9. 10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the slot format indication comprises an indication that the channel access is available in one or more first symbols of the first slot.

10. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the slot format indication comprises an indication that the channel access is not available in one or more second symbols of the first slot.

11. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the first DCI is a multicast DCI.

12. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the second DCI is a UE-specific DCI.

13. receiving a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message, the RRC message including an indication of a number of bits used to indicate a Channel Occupancy Time (COT) in a Downlink Control Information (DCI) transmission; performing a first type of channel access procedure; receiving a first DCI associated with a Slot Format Indicator Radio Network Temporary Identifier (SFI-RNTI), the first DCI including a slot format indication, an indication of the COT in a number of bits indicated in the RRC message, and a bitmap indicating one or more available subbands; determining the COT from the first DCI; switching from the first type of channel access procedure to a second type of channel access procedure based on at least the indication of COT received in the first DCI; receiving a second DCI associated with a Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI), the second DCI including an uplink grant indicating a plurality of time domain resource allocations; performing a physical uplink shared channel transmission in response to at least one of the plurality of time domain resource allocations during at least a portion of the COT; The method includes:

14. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the slot format indication indicates that channel access is partially available in a first slot associated with the SFI-RNTI.

15. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the slot format indication includes an indication indicating that the channel access is available in one or more first symbols of the first slot and an indication indicating that the channel access is not available in one or more second symbols of the first slot.

16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the first DCI is a multicast DCI.

17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the second DCI is a UE-specific DCI.

18. 1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) comprising a processor, a memory, and a communication circuit, the processor, the memory, and the communication circuit comprising: receiving a Radio Resource Control (RRC) message, the RRC message including an indication of a number of bits used to indicate a Channel Occupancy Time (COT) in a Downlink Control Information (DCI) transmission; performing a first type of channel access procedure; receiving a first DCI associated with a Slot Format Indicator Radio Network Temporary Identifier (SFI-RNTI), the first DCI including a slot format indication, an indication of the COT in a number of bits indicated in the RRC message, and a bitmap indicating one or more available subbands, the first DCI indicating that the WTRU can switch from the first type of channel access procedure to a second type of channel access procedure; determining the COT from the first DCI; receiving a second DCI associated with a Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI), the second DCI including an uplink grant indicating a plurality of time domain resource allocations; performing a physical uplink shared channel transmission in response to at least one of the plurality of time domain resource allocations during at least a portion of the COT; The WTRU is configured to:

19. The WTRU of claim 18, wherein the slot format indication indicates that channel access is partially available in a first slot associated with the SFI-RNTI.

20. The WTRU of claim 19 , wherein the slot format indication includes an indication that the channel access is available in one or more first symbols of the first slot.

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