Control system and power management system

Abstract

To efficiently use a power storage device and a resource while keeping power at a linkage point of a power grid to be at requested power.SOLUTION: A control system manages a power storage device that exchanges power with a power grid and a resource that exchanges power with the power grid and the power storage device. The control system includes a power control unit 40 that adjusts power in the power storage device and power in the resource in such a way that the resource operates in accordance with an operation plan U and the power at the linkage point of the power grid is kept at requested power Z which is based on a power plan K, and a surplus power determination unit 50 that determines whether or not surplus power is held in the power storage device according to a power output plan and the charge amount in the power storage device. In a case where the surplus power determination unit determines that surplus power is not held in the power storage device, the power control unit 40 restricts operation of the resource.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a technology for controlling equipment that transfers power to and from a power grid. [Background technology]

[0002] There have been proposed techniques for controlling the power at an interconnection point in a power system by adjusting various resources such as a power storage device or a renewable energy power generation device, etc. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for managing the power supply to a hydrogen production device, power generation by a wind power generation device, and the power supply from a power storage device to the power system so that the power at the interconnection point follows a target value. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] JP 2017-225273 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Even when a sufficient capacity is secured in the storage device to provide the adjustment capability that requires a rapid response, in an environment in which the power of the storage device is used for purposes other than adjusting the interconnection point power, such as supplying power to a hydrogen production device, the amount of power secured in the storage device may be insufficient. If the amount of power of the storage device is insufficient, it may not be possible to respond to the adjustment capability command. On the other hand, if the use of the storage device for purposes other than adjusting the interconnection point power is completely stopped during a time period in which the adjustment capability is expected to be provided, there is a problem that the operating efficiency of resources such as the hydrogen production device or the utilization rate of the storage device decreases, resulting in economic losses. In consideration of the above circumstances, one aspect of the present disclosure aims to efficiently use the storage device and resources while maintaining the power of the interconnection point in the power system at the required power. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, a control system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is a system that controls a power storage device that transfers power to and from a power grid, and a resource that transfers power between the power grid and the power storage device, and includes a power control unit that adjusts the power of the power storage device and the resource so that the resource operates in accordance with an operation plan and the power at the interconnection point of the power grid is maintained at the required power according to the power plan, and a margin determination unit that determines whether the power storage device has a margin of capacity in accordance with the power supply plan and the charge amount of the power storage device, and the power control unit limits the operation of the resource when the margin determination unit determines that the power storage device does not have a margin of capacity. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0006] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a power management system. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a control system. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a functional configuration of the control system. [Figure 4] 4 is a block diagram illustrating a specific configuration of a capacity reserve determination unit. FIG. [Diagram 5] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a power supply plan. [Figure 6] 5 is an explanatory diagram of a method in which a power amount calculation unit calculates a required power amount. FIG. [Figure 7] 13 is an explanatory diagram of a process in which a power amount calculation unit of the second embodiment calculates a required power amount for upward adjustment capability. FIG. [Figure 8] 13 is an explanatory diagram of a process in which the power amount calculation unit of the modification example a calculates the required power amount of the upward adjustment capability. FIG. [Figure 9] 13 is an explanatory diagram of a process in which a power amount calculation unit of the third embodiment calculates a required power amount for upward adjustment capability. FIG. [Figure 10] 13 is an explanatory diagram of a process in which a power amount calculation unit of the fourth embodiment calculates a required power amount for upward adjustment capability. FIG. [Figure 11]13 is an explanatory diagram of a method for calculating a required energy E by an energy calculation unit according to the fourth embodiment. FIG. [Figure 12] FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of formulas (5) and (6). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0007] An embodiment for carrying out the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiment described below is an exemplary embodiment assumed when carrying out the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiment exemplified below.

[0008] A: First embodiment 1 is a block diagram of a power management system 100 in the first embodiment. The power management system 100 in the first embodiment is a system that transfers power (AC power) to and from a power system 10. The power system 10 is, for example, a power distribution system for supplying power generated by a power generation facility (not shown) such as a thermal power plant or a nuclear power plant to consumers such as business facilities or general households.

[0009] 1, the power management system 100 includes a power storage device 21, a resource 22, and a control system 30. The control system 30 is capable of mutual communication with each of the power storage device 21 and the resource 22 via a communication network (not shown) such as a dedicated line.

[0010] The power storage device 21 and the resource 22 are power devices that exchange power with the power system 10, and are connected to the power system 10 at an interconnection point 11. The power devices are facilities that perform one or both of the following: supplying power to the power system 10 and consuming power supplied from the power system 10. In the following description, the power flowing from the power system 10 to the power storage device 21 or the resource 22 via the interconnection point 11 is represented by a positive number for convenience.

[0011] The power storage device 21 exchanges power between the power system 10 and the resources 22. Specifically, the power storage device 21 can discharge power to the power system 10 or the resources 22 and charge power from the power system 10 or the resources 22. The power storage device 21 includes a storage battery 211 and a control device 212. The storage battery 211 is a system storage battery that can be charged and recharged. The control device 212 is a PCS (Power Conditioning System) that controls the charging and discharging of the storage battery 211. Specifically, the control device 212 controls the charging and discharging of the storage battery 211 in accordance with a power command value X supplied from the control system 30.

[0012] The resource 22 exchanges power between the power system 10 and the power storage device 21. Specifically, the resource 22 can supply power to the power system 10 or the power storage device 21 and consume power from the power system 10 or the power storage device 21. The resource 22 is, for example, a hydrogen production device, a fuel cell, or a power generation facility (for example, a renewable energy power generation device). The resource 22 may also be, for example, a thermal load in a factory or the like. The resource 22 operates according to a power command value Y supplied from the control system 30. Specifically, the resource 22 exchanges power according to the power command value Y with the interconnection point 11.

[0013] The control system 30 is a computer system that controls the power storage device 21 and the resource 22. Specifically, the control system 30 transmits a power command value X to the power storage device 21 and transmits a power command value Y to the resource 22. The power command values ​​X and Y are numerical values ​​of power (kW) and are transmitted from the control system 30 at a predetermined cycle. As a result of the power storage device 21 and the resource 22 operating under the control of the control system 30, the power at the interconnection point 11 of the power system 10 (hereinafter referred to as "interconnection point power") changes. In general, the control system 30 controls the power storage device 21 and the resource 22 so that the interconnection point power is maintained at a target value (required power Z).

[0014] Fig. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the control system 30. As illustrated in Fig. 2, the control system 30 includes a control device 31, a storage device 32, and a communication device 33. The control system 30 may be realized by a single device, or may be realized by a plurality of devices configured separately from each other. Some or all of the functions of the control system 30 may be mounted on the power storage device 21 or the resource 22.

[0015] The control device 31 is composed of one or more processors that control each element of the control system 30. Specifically, the control device 31 is composed of one or more types of processors, such as a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC).

[0016] The storage device 32 is one or more memories that store the programs executed by the control device 31 and the data used by the control device 31. The storage device 32 is configured with a known recording medium such as a magnetic recording medium or a semiconductor recording medium. The storage device 32 may be configured with a combination of multiple types of recording media. A portable recording medium that is detachable from the control system 30 may be used as the storage device 32.

[0017] The communication device 33 communicates with an external device by wire or wirelessly. Specifically, the communication device 33 communicates with each of the power storage device 21 and the resource 22. For example, the communication device 33 transmits a power command value X to the power storage device 21 and transmits a power command value Y to the resource 22. Note that the communication device 33, which is separate from the control system 30, may be connected to the control system 30 by wire or wirelessly.

[0018] Furthermore, the communication device 33 receives charging information C from the power storage device 21. The charging information C is feedback information that indicates a state of charging or discharging by the power storage device 21. Specifically, the charging information C is, for example, a State Of Charge (SOC) that indicates the charging state of the power storage device 21.

[0019] The communication device 33 receives performance information F from the resource 22. The performance information F is feedback information that indicates the performance of power transfer by the resource 22. Specifically, the performance information F indicates, for example, power actually consumed by the operation of the resource 22.

[0020] 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a functional configuration of the control system 30. The control device 31 executes a program stored in the storage device 32 to realize a plurality of functions (a power control unit 40 and a power reserve determination unit 50) for controlling the power storage device 21 and the resource 22.

[0021] The power control unit 40 controls the power of the power storage device 21 and the resource 22. Specifically, the power control unit 40 adjusts the power of the power storage device 21 and the resource 22 so that the resource 22 operates according to a preset operation plan U and the interconnection point power is maintained at the required power Z. The power control unit 40 of the first embodiment adjusts the power of the power storage device 21 by transmitting a power command value X to the power storage device 21, and adjusts the power of the resource 22 by transmitting a power command value Y to the resource 22.

[0022] The margin determination unit 50 determines whether or not the storage device 21 has a margin. The margin of the storage device 21 is a margin that allows the storage device 21 to respond to a command for power transfer. For example, when the power supply from the storage device 21 to the power system 10 (upward adjustment capability) is considered, the amount of power charged to the storage device 21 or the amount of power that the storage device 21 can discharge is the margin of the storage device 21. Therefore, the margin is secured by charging the storage device 21. On the other hand, when the power supply from the power system 10 to the storage device 21 (downward adjustment capability) is considered, the free capacity that the storage device 21 can charge is the margin of the storage device 21. Therefore, the margin is secured by discharging the storage device 21. Note that, when the power in the power receiving direction is expressed as a positive number as described above, the upward adjustment capability means an adjustment capability that reduces the interconnection point power, and the downward adjustment capability means an adjustment capability that increases the interconnection point power.

[0023] As illustrated in FIG. 3, the power control unit 40 of the first embodiment includes a first calculation unit 41, a second calculation unit 42, a correction unit 43, and an adjustment unit 44.

[0024] The first calculation unit 41 calculates the required power Z of the interconnection point power. The required power Z is a target value for the power of the interconnection point 11. The first calculation unit 41 calculates the required power Z according to a power plan K. The power plan K includes a interconnection point power plan Ka and an interconnection point power command Kb. The interconnection point power plan Ka and the interconnection point power command Kb are received by the communication device 33 from, for example, an external management system.

[0025] The tie-point power plan Ka is a basic plan for tie-point power according to the operation of power generation facilities such as thermal power plants or nuclear power plants. For example, a plan for the amount of power traded in the wholesale electricity market is specified by the tie-point power plan Ka. The tie-point power command Kb is power commanded in the supply and demand adjustment market. For example, a command value for governor-free control in the supply of primary adjustment reserve is specified by the tie-point power command Kb.

[0026] The first calculation unit 41 calculates the required power Z, for example, by dividing the amount of power specified by the interconnection point power plan Ka for the current time by the remaining time from the current time, and adding the power specified by the interconnection point power command Kb.

[0027] The second calculation unit 42 calculates the required power R of the resource 22. Specifically, the second calculation unit 42 calculates an instantaneous value of power to be exchanged by the resource 22 in order to achieve the operation plan U as the required power R. Specifically, the second calculation unit 42 calculates the required power R according to the operation plan U and the performance information F. For example, the second calculation unit 42 calculates the amount of power required to achieve the operation plan U according to the difference between a planned value specified by the operation plan U and an actual value of power represented by the performance information F, and calculates the required power R by dividing the amount of power by the time from the current time until the operation plan U is achieved.

[0028] The correction unit 43 calculates a power command value Y of the resource 22 from the required power R of the resource 22 calculated by the second calculation unit 42. Specifically, the correction unit 43 calculates the power command value Y by correcting the required power R in accordance with the result of the determination by the capacity reserve determination unit 50. The power command value Y calculated by the correction unit 43 is transmitted to the resource 22 by the communication device 33.

[0029] The adjustment unit 44 generates a power command value X for the power storage device 21 by subtracting a power command value Y from the required power Z. The power command value X generated by the adjustment unit 44 is transmitted to the power storage device 21 by the communication device 33. As a result of the power storage device 21 operating in accordance with the power command value X and the resource 22 operating in accordance with the power command value Y, the interconnection point power of the power system 10 is maintained at the required power Z.

[0030] 3, the correction unit 43 of the first embodiment includes a correction setting unit 431, a correction control unit 432, and a correction processing unit 433. The correction setting unit 431 calculates a correction power H used to correct the required power R. The correction power H is a numerical value used by the correction processing unit 433 to correct the required power R so that the operation of the resource 22 is restricted compared to the case where the required power R is instructed to the resource 22 as a power command value Y. The correction processing unit 433 calculates the power command value Y by correcting the required power R calculated by the second calculation unit 42 with the correction power H.

[0031] The correction control unit 432 controls the generation of the power command value Y by the correction processing unit 433 according to the result of the determination by the capacity reserve determination unit 50. Specifically, when the capacity reserve determination unit 50 determines that the power storage device 21 has a capacity reserve, the correction control unit 432 does not execute an instruction for the correction power H to the correction processing unit 433. Therefore, the correction processing unit 433 determines the required power R calculated by the second calculation unit 42 as the power command value Y. In other words, the correction of the required power R is not executed. Note that when it is determined that the power storage device 21 has a capacity reserve, the correction control unit 432 may set the correction power H to zero.

[0032] On the other hand, when the capacity reserve determination unit 50 determines that the power storage device 21 does not have a sufficient capacity reserve (i.e., the capacity reserve is insufficient), the correction control unit 432 instructs the correction processing unit 433 to correct the required power R by applying the correction power H. The correction processing unit 433 corrects the required power R in response to the instruction from the correction control unit 432. Specifically, the correction processing unit 433 calculates the power command value Y by subtracting the correction power H from the required power R. As described above, the correction power H is a numerical value for correcting the required power R so that the operation of the resource 22 is restricted. As can be understood from the above description, the power control unit 40 of the first embodiment restricts the operation of the resource 22 when the capacity reserve determination unit 50 determines that the power storage device 21 does not have a sufficient capacity reserve.

[0033] The setting of the correction power H by the correction setting unit 431 will be described in detail below. The sign (positive or negative) of the correction power H is set so that the power exchanged between the power storage device 21 and the resource 22 is in a direction that alleviates a shortage of the reserve capacity of the power storage device 21. As described above, if the power flowing from the power system 10 to the power storage device 21 or the resource 22 is expressed as a positive number, when it is necessary to secure reserve capacity for the power storage device 21 to adjust the power up, the correction power H is set to a negative number.

[0034] When the power storage device 21 lacks the reserve capacity for upward adjustment capability, the power command value Y of the resource 22 is decreased by the correction power H. Therefore, the power command value X of the power storage device 21 calculated from the difference between the required power R and the power command value Y increases. As a result of the above operation, the amount of charge in the power storage device 21 increases, and the shortage of the reserve capacity of the power storage device 21 for providing upward adjustment capability is resolved. Similarly, when it is necessary to secure the reserve capacity for downward adjustment capability in the power storage device 21, the correction power H is set to a positive number. Specific examples of the method for setting the correction power H include the following aspects 1 and 2.

[0035] [Aspect 1] The correction setting unit 431 calculates the power exchanged between the power storage device 21 and the resource 22 in accordance with the power plan K and the operation plan U, and sets the correction power H so that the reduction in the reserve capacity of the power storage device 21 is offset to zero only when the calculated power is in a direction that reduces the reserve capacity of the power storage device 21. That is, when the reserve capacity determination unit 50 determines that the power storage device 21 does not have reserve capacity, the power control unit 40 restricts the exchange of power exchanged between the power storage device 21 and the resource 22 in a direction that reduces the reserve capacity of the power storage device 21. According to the first aspect, the exchange of power in a direction that reduces the reserve capacity of the power storage device 21 is restricted, and therefore the possibility that the reserve capacity of the power storage device 21 will be insufficient can be effectively reduced.

[0036] [Aspect 2] The correction setting unit 431 sets the correction power H so that the absolute value becomes maximum within the range in which the resource 22 can respond. Alternatively, in a configuration in which an allowable range is set for the operation plan U, the correction setting unit 431 sets the correction power H so that the absolute value becomes maximum within the range in which the actual power of the resource 22 does not deviate from the allowable range. That is, when the allowable capacity determining unit 50 determines that the power storage device 21 does not have a reserve capacity, the power control unit 40 changes the power exchanged between the power storage device 21 and the resource 22, or the power exchanged between the power storage device 21 and the power system 10, in a direction in which the reserve capacity of the power storage device 21 increases. According to the second aspect, the power exchanged between the power storage device 21 and the resource 22 or the power system 10 changes in a direction in which the reserve capacity of the power storage device 21 increases, so that the possibility of the reserve capacity of the power storage device 21 being insufficient can be effectively reduced.

[0037] When the storage device 21 simultaneously runs short of both the reserve capacity for the upward adjustment capacity and the reserve capacity for the downward adjustment capacity, the power control unit 40 selects either the upward adjustment capacity or the downward adjustment capacity and operates to ensure the reserve capacity for the adjustment capacity. The method for selecting the adjustment capacity is arbitrary, but for example, a configuration is assumed in which the adjustment capacity is selected according to the degree of penalty in the case where the interconnection point power command Kb cannot be followed. For example, the power control unit 40 selects, from the upward adjustment capacity or the downward adjustment capacity, the one that carries a larger penalty in the case where the interconnection point power command Kb cannot be followed.

[0038] The power control unit 40 may select, from among the up-adjustment power and the down-adjustment power, an adjustment power that is predicted to increase the command value by the interconnection point power command Kb (reverse flow power value for up-adjustment power, and forward flow power value for down-adjustment power). The future command value by the interconnection point power command Kb is predicted based on, for example, the weather and the state of the electricity market, and the command value is predicted using, for example, artificial intelligence such as a deep neural network or time series analysis such as a Kalman filter. Furthermore, from among the up-adjustment power and the down-adjustment power, priority may be given to the adjustment power that needs to be activated urgently in terms of time.

[0039] As described above, in the first embodiment, when it is determined that the reserve capacity of the power storage device 21 is not secured, the operation of the resource 22 is restricted. Therefore, the shortage of the reserve capacity of the power storage device 21 is alleviated (ideally eliminated), and the possibility that the interconnection point power deviates from the required power Z is reduced. In other words, the power storage device 21 and the resource 22 can be efficiently used while maintaining the interconnection point power at the required power Z.

[0040] On the other hand, when it is determined that the reserve capacity of the power storage device 21 is secured, the required power R calculated by the second calculation unit 42 is determined as the power command value Y of the resource 22 as is, so that the resource 22 can be operated in accordance with the operation plan U. Since the power command value X of the power storage device 21 is the difference between the required power Z of the interconnection point 11 and the power command value Y of the resource 22, the interconnection point power always follows the power plan K (the interconnection point power plan Ka and the interconnection point power command Kb) regardless of the result of the determination by the reserve capacity determination unit 50. As described above, according to the first embodiment, it is possible to secure the reserve capacity required for the response of the adjustment capacity in the power storage device 21 while making the interconnection point power follow the required power Z, and to operate the resource 22 in accordance with the operation plan U.

[0041] 4 is a block diagram illustrating a specific configuration of the capacity reserve determining unit 50. As illustrated in FIG. 4, the capacity reserve determining unit 50 includes an energy amount calculating unit 51, a power storage capacity reserve calculating unit 52, and a comparing unit 53.

[0042] The power amount calculation unit 51 calculates the required power amount E according to the power supply plan A. The required power amount E is the amount of power (kWh) required by the power storage device 21 for the supply of adjustment power scheduled after the current time. The power amount calculation unit 51 of the first embodiment calculates the required power amount Eu for upward adjustment power and the required power amount Ed for downward adjustment power.

[0043] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the power supply plan A. The power supply plan A is a plan agreed upon for the supply of the adjustment capability. Specifically, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the power supply plan A is a data table in which the required power Qu of the upward adjustment capability and the required power Qd of the downward adjustment capability are registered for each of a plurality of time periods (hereinafter referred to as "frames") on a time axis. The power supply plan A is received by the communication device 33 from, for example, an external management system. One frame is, for example, a period of 30 minutes. The calculation of the required power E by the power amount calculation unit 51 is repeated for each period (hereinafter referred to as "unit period") that is sufficiently shorter than one frame. In the following description, when it is not necessary to distinguish between the required power Qu of the upward adjustment capability and the required power Qd of the downward adjustment capability, both are collectively expressed as the required power Q.

[0044] The required power Qu for the up adjustment power in each frame is the maximum value (kW) of the up adjustment power that can be commanded in that frame. Similarly, the required power Qd for the down adjustment power in each frame is the minimum value (kW) of the down adjustment power that can be commanded in that frame. For example, assuming adjustment power traded in a supply and demand adjustment market, the ΔkW contract amount corresponds to the required power Qu and the required power Qd. As can be understood from the above explanation, the required power Q is power corresponding to the maximum value (up adjustment power) or minimum value (down adjustment power) of the power supplied to the interconnection point 11 as adjustment power.

[0045] FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a method in which the power calculation unit 51 calculates the required power E. In FIG. 6, calculation of the required power Eu for the upward adjustment capability is assumed. The power calculation unit 51 calculates the required power Eu by accumulating the required power Qu for the upward adjustment capability while going back in time within a period (hereinafter referred to as "analysis period σ") for which the presence or absence of the reserve capacity of the power storage device 21 is to be determined. The analysis period σ is, for example, a period spanning a predetermined number of frames backward (future) from the current time Tc as a base point. Specifically, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the analysis period σ is a period starting from the current time Tc, from frame 1 including the current time Tc to the end point of frame 6 located fifth backward. The power calculation unit 51 accumulates the required power Qu while going back on the time axis from frame 6, which is the end point of the analysis period σ, to the current time Tc.

[0046] For example, in the case of the power supply plan A in FIG. 5, the required power Qu in frame 6 during the analysis period σ is 0 kW, so the integrated value is maintained at 0. The required power Qu in frame 5 is 1000 kW, so the amount of power of 500 kWh obtained by multiplying the required power Qu by the time length of one frame (0.5 hours) is added to the current integrated value. The required power Qu in frames 3 and 2 is 5000 kW, so the amount of power in each frame is 2500 kWh. Therefore, 2500 kWh (5000 kWh in total) is added to the integrated value in each of frames 3 and 2. The required power Qu in frame 1, including the current time Tc, is 0 kW, so the most recent integrated value (5500 kWh) is maintained. As a result of the above processing, the required power Eu at the current time Tc is calculated to be 5500 kWh.

[0047] If the required power Qu for frame 1 including the current time Tc is not zero, the required power Qu multiplied by the remaining time after the current time Tc for that frame is added to the most recent integrated value.

[0048] In the above description, the required power amount Eu of the upward adjustment capability has been focused on, but the required power amount Ed of the downward adjustment capability is calculated in the same manner. That is, the power amount calculation unit 51 calculates the required power amount Ed by integrating the required power Qd of the downward adjustment capability from a predetermined number of frames backward (future) from the current time Tc as a reference, going back in time to the current time Tc. For example, assuming the state of FIG. 5, the required power amount Ed at the current time Tc is calculated to be 3000 kWh.

[0049] The power storage margin calculation unit 52 in Fig. 4 calculates the amount of remaining energy M according to the charging information C received from the power storage device 21. The amount of remaining energy M is the amount of energy (kWh) that the power storage device 21 can charge or discharge as an adjustment capacity. The power storage margin calculation unit 52 in the first embodiment calculates the amount of remaining energy Mu of the upward adjustment capacity and the amount of remaining energy Md of the downward adjustment capacity. The calculation of the amount of remaining energy M by the power storage margin calculation unit 52 is repeated for each unit period. The charging information C immediately before the unit period is applied to calculate the amount of remaining energy M in each unit period.

[0050] For example, assume that the total capacity of the power storage device 21 is 10000 kWh. When the charge amount indicated by the charging information C is 70%, the power storage reserve calculation unit 52 calculates the reserve power Mu of the upward adjustment capability to be 7000 kWh (=10000 kWh×70%), and calculates the reserve power Md of the downward adjustment capability to be 3000 kWh (=10000 kWh×(100%−70%)).

[0051] The range of the charging information C (numerical range of the charging amount) may be limited depending on the deterioration of the power storage device 21, etc. For example, when the range of the charging amount represented by the charging information C is from 10% to 90%, if the charging amount is 70%, the power storage reserve calculation unit 52 calculates the reserve power Mu of the upward adjustment capability to be 6000kW (=10000kWh×(70%−10%)) and calculates the reserve power Md of the downward adjustment capability to be 2000kWh (=10000kWh×(90%−70%)).

[0052] In addition, when calculating the reserve energy M (Mu, Md), taking into account the error in the responsiveness of the storage device 21 (the charging / discharging speed in response to an external command), the reserve energy M may be determined by subtracting a predetermined amount or a predetermined percentage margin from the value calculated by the above procedure.

[0053] The comparison unit 53 in Fig. 4 compares the required energy E calculated by the power amount calculation unit 51 with the reserve energy M calculated by the power storage reserve calculation unit 52 to determine whether or not the power storage device 21 has a reserve. Specifically, the comparison unit 53 generates a binary signal indicating the presence or absence of a reserve in the power storage device 21 for each of the upward adjustment capability and the downward adjustment capability. The determination by the comparison unit 53 is repeated for each unit period.

[0054] The comparison unit 53 in the first embodiment judges whether or not the power storage device 21 has a surplus capacity for each of the upward adjustment capacity and the downward adjustment capacity. Specifically, the comparison unit 53 judges that the surplus capacity for the upward adjustment capacity is secured when the surplus capacity Mu exceeds the required power Eu, and judges that the surplus capacity for the upward adjustment capacity is not secured when the surplus capacity Mu falls below the required power Eu. Similarly, the comparison unit 53 judges that the surplus capacity for the downward adjustment capacity is secured when the surplus capacity Md exceeds the required power Ed, and judges that the surplus capacity for the downward adjustment capacity is not secured when the surplus capacity Md falls below the required power Ed. If it is judged that the surplus capacity for at least one of the upward adjustment capacity and the downward adjustment capacity is not secured, the result of the judgment by the comparison unit 53 is negative (the surplus capacity is not secured).

[0055] For example, assuming the above-mentioned situation (Mu=6000kWh, Md=2000kWh) taking into account the deterioration of the power storage device 21 and assuming the power supply plan A in Fig. 5, the surplus power Mu of the upward adjustment capability exceeds the required power Eu (5500kWh), but the surplus power Md of the downward adjustment capability falls below the required power Ed (3000kWh). Therefore, the surplus power determination unit 50 determines that the power storage device 21 does not have a surplus power. Note that when the required power E and the surplus power M are equal, the determination result by the comparison unit 53 may be either positive or negative.

[0056] As can be understood from the above description, the surplus capacity determination unit 50 determines whether or not the power storage device 21 has a surplus capacity, based on the power supply plan A and the charge amount (charging information C) of the power storage device 21. Specifically, the surplus capacity determination unit 50 determines whether or not the power storage device 21 has a surplus capacity by comparing the amount of power E required according to the power supply plan A with the amount of surplus power M that the power storage device 21 can charge and discharge. With the above configuration, it is possible to appropriately determine whether or not the power storage device 21 has a surplus capacity.

[0057] That is, the reserve capacity determination unit 50 determines whether or not the power storage device 21 has a reserve capacity required for the provision of the adjustment capacity scheduled for the analysis period σ. Specifically, it is determined whether or not the power storage device 21 has a reserve capacity sufficient to respond to any command value of the adjustment capacity generated during the analysis period σ. Then, as described above, when it is determined that the reserve capacity of the power storage device 21 is not secured, the operation of the resource 22 is restricted. Therefore, the reserve capacity required for the response of the adjustment capacity during the analysis period σ is secured in the power storage device 21. That is, the power storage device 21 is in a state in which it can reliably respond to the command value of the adjustment capacity. Furthermore, in a state in which the necessary reserve capacity is secured in the power storage device 21, it is possible to operate the resource 22 according to the operation plan U.

[0058] B: Second embodiment A second embodiment of the present disclosure will be described. Note that, for elements having the same functions as those in the first embodiment in each of the following exemplary aspects, the same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment will be used, and detailed descriptions of each will be omitted as appropriate.

[0059] In the second embodiment, the calculation of the required power amount E by the power amount calculation unit 51 is different from that in the first embodiment. The configuration and operation other than the calculation of the required power amount E are the same as in the first embodiment. Therefore, the second embodiment also achieves the same effects as the first embodiment.

[0060] 7 is an explanatory diagram of a process in which the power amount calculation unit 51 of the second embodiment calculates the required power amount Eu of the upward adjustment capability. As in the first embodiment, the power amount calculation unit 51 calculates the required power amount Eu by accumulating the required power Qu of the upward adjustment capability while going back in time within the analysis period σ. In the second embodiment, the calculation of the required power Qu differs from that of the first embodiment.

[0061] As illustrated in Fig. 7, the supply power Ga, the interconnection point planned power Gb, and the operation planned power Gc are set for each of the multiple frames on the time axis. The supply power Ga corresponds to the required power Qu of the upward adjustment capability in the first embodiment. That is, the supply power Ga of each frame is the maximum value (kW) of the upward adjustment capability that can be commanded in the frame, and is specified by the power supply plan A described above.

[0062] The interconnection point planned power Gb is power that the power management system 100 transfers between the interconnection point 11 in accordance with the power plan K. In other words, the interconnection point planned power Gb is power specified in the plan (power plan K) for charging and discharging the power storage device 21. The interconnection point planned power Gb is set with the direction in which the power management system 100 receives power from the interconnection point 11 as the positive direction. Specifically, the interconnection point planned power Gb is calculated by, for example, dividing the amount of power for each frame calculated in accordance with the power plan K by the remaining time from the current time Tc in that frame. Note that a value obtained by multiplying the amount of power agreed upon for each 30-minute frame in the wholesale electricity market by two (i.e., for one hour) may be set as the interconnection point planned power Gb.

[0063] On the other hand, the operation plan power Gc is the power exchanged by the resource 22 according to the operation plan U. The operation plan power Gc is set with the direction in which the resource 22 receives power as the positive direction. For example, it is calculated by dividing the amount of power required for each frame to achieve the operation plan U by the remaining time from the current time Tc in that frame.

[0064] The difference (Gc-Gb) between the operation planned power Gc and the interconnection point planned power Gb corresponds to the power that can be exchanged (charged or discharged) by the power storage device 21. The difference (Gc-Gb) is set with the discharge direction of the power storage device 21 as the positive direction. The power amount calculation unit 51 calculates the required power Qu for each of the multiple frames by adding the difference (Gc-Gb) between the operation planned power Gc and the interconnection point planned power Gb to the supplied power Ga of the frame (Qu=Ga+(Gc-Gb)).

[0065] For example, in frame 3 of FIG. 7, the power management system 100 receives a grid-connection point planned power Gb of 2000 kW, and the resource 22 receives an operation planned power Gc of 1000 kW. Therefore, the difference (Gc-Gb) between the operation planned power Gc and the grid-connection point planned power Gb is -1000 kW. That is, 1000 kW of the supply power Ga (=5000 kW), which is the upward adjustment capacity to be supplied by the storage device 21, can be borne by the difference (Gc-Gb) between the operation planned power Gc and the grid-connection point planned power Gb. Therefore, the final required power Qu to be actually supplied by the storage device 21 is set to 4000 kW, which is the difference (Gc-Gb) added to the supply power Ga (5000 kW).

[0066] In the above-described example situation, the required power Qu of the power storage device 21 is set to a value smaller than the supplied power Ga. That is, the difference (Gc-Gb) between the operation plan power Gc and the interconnection point plan power Gb acts in a direction to eliminate the shortage of the reserve capacity of the power storage device 21. Then, as a result of the required power Qu being reduced, the required energy amount Eu of the power storage device 21 is reduced, and therefore the possibility that it is determined that the reserve capacity of the power storage device 21 is not secured decreases. That is, the possibility that the operation of the resource 22 is restricted decreases. Therefore, the deviation between the actual operation of the resource 22 and the operation plan U can be reduced.

[0067] On the other hand, in frame 5, the power management system 100 receives a grid-connection point planned power Gb of 1000 kW, and the resource 22 receives an operation planned power Gc of 3000 kW. Therefore, the difference (Gc-Gb) between the operation planned power Gc and the grid-connection point planned power Gb is 2000 kW. The difference (Gc-Gb) between the operation planned power Gc and the grid-connection point planned power Gb needs to be borne by discharging the storage device 21. Therefore, the final required power Qu to be actually provided by the storage device 21 is set to 3000 kW, which is the sum of the provided power Ga (1000 kW) and the difference (Gc-Gb). In other words, the required power Qu of the storage device 21 is set to a value larger than the provided power Ga.

[0068] In addition, in a frame with an output power Ga of 0 kW among the multiple frames, it means that the storage device 21 does not need to provide adjustment power. Therefore, the power amount calculation unit 51 sets the required power Qu of the frame with an output power Ga of 0 kW to 0 kW regardless of the interconnection point planned power Gb and the operation planned power Gc.

[0069] Although the above description focuses on the upward adjustment capability, the required power Qd is calculated in the same manner for the downward adjustment capability. The supply power Ga for the downward adjustment capability corresponds to the required power Qd for the downward adjustment capability in the first embodiment. That is, the supply power Ga for each frame is the minimum value (kW) of the downward adjustment capability that can be commanded in that frame. As can be understood from the above description, the required power Q in the second embodiment is the power obtained by adding or subtracting the power (i.e., the difference (Gc-Gb)) exchanged between the interconnection point 11 or the resource 22 and the storage device 21 according to the interconnection point power plan Ka or the operation plan U to or from the supply power Ga.

[0070] As described above, according to the second embodiment, in the calculation of the required power Q of a frame that is required to provide adjustment power, if there is a plan to transfer power in a direction that increases the reserve capacity of the power storage device 21, the required power Q can be further reduced. As a result of the above operation, the possibility of determining that the reserve capacity is not secured in the power storage device 21 when the reserve capacity is actually secured is reduced. Therefore, the deviation between the actual operation of the resource 22 and the operation plan U can be reduced.

[0071] [Variation A] A modified form (modification a) of the second embodiment described above will be described. In the calculation of the required power amount Eu of the upward adjustment capability, the difference (Gc-Gb) between the operation planned power Gc and the interconnection point planned power Gb may be applied to the calculation of the required power Qu only when it is a negative number. That is, only the power (negative number) used to charge the power storage device 21 is applied to the calculation of the required power Qu. Note that the difference (Gc-Gb) is a negative number when the operation planned power Gc is lower than the interconnection point planned power Gb. Therefore, modification a can also be expressed as a form in which the interconnection point planned power Gb and the operation planned power Gc are applied to the calculation of the required power Qu only when the operation planned power Gc is lower than the interconnection point planned power Gb.

[0072] According to the modification example a, the required energy E is reduced compared to the case where the difference (Gc-Gb) is applied to the calculation of the required energy Q regardless of whether it is positive or negative. Therefore, the possibility that it is determined that the spare capacity of the power storage device 21 is not secured is reduced, and as a result, the possibility that the operation of the resource 22 is restricted is reduced.

[0073] Fig. 8 is an explanatory diagram of the process in which the power amount calculation unit 51 of the modified example a calculates the required power amount Eu of the upward adjustment capability. The supplied power Ga, the interconnection point planned power Gb, and the operation planned power Gc are the same as those in Fig. 7. The required power Qu in Fig. 8 is the same as that in Fig. 7 except for the numerical value in frame 5.

[0074] Frame 5 is a frame that should provide adjustment power (Ga>0), and the planned operation power Gc exceeds the planned interconnection point power Gb. In other words, the difference (Gc-Gb) is a positive number. Therefore, the difference (Gc-Gb) is not applied to the calculation of the required power Qu, and the supplied power Ga (1000 kW) is set as the required power Qu as is.

[0075] In frame 5, when the interconnection point planned power Gb and the operation planned power Gc are taken into consideration, the resource 22 needs to receive 1000 kW of the operation planned power Gc (3000 kW) from the interconnection point 11, and receive the remaining 2000 kW from the storage device 21. When the resource 22 operates according to the operation plan U, the required power Qu of the storage device 21 in frame 5 is 3000 kW obtained by adding 2000 kW to the supplied power Ga. On the other hand, when it is determined that the reserve capacity of the storage device 21 is insufficient, the power control unit 40 limits the power command value Y of the resource 22, so that the power received from the storage device 21 to the resource 22 can be set to 0. Assuming the above operation, the required power Qu used in the calculation of the reserve capacity required for the storage device 21 needs to consider only 1000 kW, which is the supplied power Ga of the upward adjustment capacity.

[0076] Also, for the same reason, in calculating the required power Ed of the downward adjustment capability, the difference (Gc-Gb) between the operation plan power Gc and the interconnection point plan power Gb may be applied to the calculation of the required power Qd only when it is a positive number.

[0077] In the modified example a, since the planned power (positive number) discharged from the power storage device 21 is not reflected in the required power Qu, it is not possible to determine whether or not the power storage device 21 has a surplus including the power required to follow the operation plan U or the power plan K. However, if it is determined that the surplus power of the power storage device 21 is insufficient, the discharge by the power storage device 21 is restricted by the correction of the power command value Y by the correction unit 43, so that the planned power discharged from the power storage device 21 is not actually exchanged. Therefore, when the planned power discharged from the power storage device 21 is used for calculating the required power amount E, an amount of power surplus to the minimum amount of power required for the provision of the adjustment capacity is secured in the power storage device 21. Therefore, it is not necessary to increase the planned power discharged from the power storage device 21 and take it into consideration when calculating the required power amount E of the adjustment capacity.

[0078] C: Third embodiment In the third embodiment, the calculation of the required power amount E by the power amount calculation unit 51 is different from that in the first embodiment. The configuration and operation other than the calculation of the required power amount E are the same as in the first embodiment. Therefore, the third embodiment also achieves the same effects as the first embodiment.

[0079] 9 is an explanatory diagram of a process in which the power amount calculation unit 51 of the third embodiment calculates the required power amount Eu of the upward adjustment capability. As in the first embodiment, the power amount calculation unit 51 calculates the required power amount Eu by accumulating the required power Qu of the upward adjustment capability while going back in time within the analysis period σ. In the third embodiment, the calculation of the required power Qu differs from that of the first embodiment.

[0080] The operation plan U in the third embodiment specifies a maximum value Gc_max and a minimum value Gc_min of the operation plan power Gc in addition to the reference operation plan power Gc. The maximum value Gc_max is the maximum value of power that the resource 22 can receive under the operation plan U, and the minimum value Gc_min is the minimum power required by the resource 22 under the operation plan U. Note that, if the resource 22 is capable of reverse power (i.e., power transmission), the numerical value obtained by multiplying the maximum value of the reverse power by -1 is set as the minimum value Gc_min.

[0081] The maximum value Gc_max and the minimum value Gc_min are, for example, a kW capacity or a kWh capacity due to equipment constraints of the resource 22. In addition, the upper limit of an allowable range including the operation plan power Gc specified by the operation plan U may be set as the maximum value Gc_max, and the lower limit of the allowable range may be set as the minimum value Gc_min.

[0082] 9, in the third embodiment, the operation planned power Gc of the resource 22 in the second embodiment is replaced with the minimum value Gc_min of the operation planned power Gc. The power amount calculation unit 51 calculates the required power Qu for each of the multiple frames by adding the difference (Gc_min-Gb) between the minimum value Gc_min of the operation planned power Gc and the interconnection point planned power Gb to the supply power Ga of the frame (Qu=Ga+(Gc_min-Gb)). That is, the power amount calculation unit 51 calculates the required power Qu of the upward adjustment capability by adding the minimum value Gc_min to the supply power Ga and further subtracting the interconnection point planned power Gb.

[0083] In the above explanation, attention has been focused on the required power Qu for the upward adjustment capability, but the maximum value Gc_max of the operation planned power Gc is applied to calculate the required power Qd for the downward adjustment capability. That is, the power amount calculation unit 51 calculates the required power Qd for each of the multiple frames by adding the difference (Gc_max-Gb) between the maximum value Gc_max of the operation planned power Gc and the interconnection point planned power Gb to the supply power Ga of the frame (Qd=Ga+(Gc_max-Gb)). That is, the power amount calculation unit 51 calculates the required power Qd for the downward adjustment capability by adding the maximum value Gc_max to the supply power Ga and further subtracting the interconnection point planned power Gb.

[0084] As can be understood from the above description, the required power Q in the third embodiment is a numerical value obtained by adding or subtracting the maximum value Gc_max or the minimum value Gc_min of the power that can be supplied to the power storage device 21 from the resource 22.

[0085] In the third embodiment, the required power E of the storage device 21 takes into account the power (Gc_min, Gc_max) that the resource 22 can adjust in addition to the supplied power Ga and the interconnection point planned power Gb. The required power Eu of the upward adjustment capability in the third embodiment is smaller than the required power Eu in the second embodiment by the amount of power that deviates from the operation plan U and can be accommodated by the resource 22. As a result of the reduction in the required power Eu, the possibility of determining that the spare capacity of the storage device 21 is not secured decreases. Therefore, the deviation between the actual operation of the resource 22 and the operation plan U can be reduced.

[0086] On the other hand, depending on the operation plan U of the resource 22, the power storage device 21 may require a larger reserve than the required power amount E calculated by the power amount calculation unit 51. However, when it is determined that the reserve of the power storage device 21 is insufficient, the discharge of the power storage device 21 is restricted by the correction of the power command value Y by the correction unit 43. That is, the power exchanged by the resource 22 is not a numerical value (operation plan power Gc) specified by the operation plan U, but is power in a direction to increase the reserve of the power storage device 21 within the range that the resource 22 can adjust. Therefore, it is not necessary to take into account the operation plan power Gc specified in the operation plan U in the calculation of the required power amount Eu of the upward adjustment capability. Note that it is preferable that the correction setting unit 431 in the third embodiment sets the correction power H so that the power command value Y of the resource 22 and the power (Gc_min, Gc_max) of the resource 22 applied to the calculation of the required power amount E match.

[0087] D: Fourth embodiment In the fourth embodiment, the calculation of the required power amount E by the power amount calculation unit 51 is different from that in the first embodiment. The configuration and operation other than the calculation of the required power amount E are the same as in the first embodiment. Therefore, the fourth embodiment also achieves the same effects as the first embodiment.

[0088] 10 is an explanatory diagram of a process in which the power amount calculation unit 51 of the fourth embodiment calculates the required power amount Eu of the upward adjustment capability. As in the first embodiment, the power amount calculation unit 51 calculates the required power amount Eu by accumulating the required power Qu of the upward adjustment capability while going back in time within the analysis period σ. The fourth embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that in calculating the required power amount Eu, a deduction power Du is also accumulated in addition to the required power Qu.

[0089] 10, in the fourth embodiment, as in the second embodiment, the supply power Ga, the interconnection point planned power Gb, and the operation planned power Gc are set for each of the multiple frames on the time axis. In addition, the power amount calculation unit 51 calculates the required power Qu and the deduction power Du for each of the multiple frames. The method of calculating the required power Qu is the same as in the second embodiment. That is, the power amount calculation unit 51 calculates the required power Qu by adding the difference (Gc-Gb) between the operation planned power Gc and the interconnection point planned power Gb to the supply power Ga.

[0090] The deductible power Du is power to be deducted from the required power E in a frame in which the power storage device 21 is not scheduled to provide an up-adjustment power (hereinafter referred to as a "non-supply frame") among the multiple frames. The power amount calculation unit 51 sets the deductible power Du of each frame in which the power storage device 21 is scheduled to provide an up-adjustment power (hereinafter referred to as a "supply frame") among the multiple frames to 0 kW. In addition, for each non-supply frame other than the supply frame among the multiple frames, the power amount calculation unit 51 calculates the difference (Gb-Gc) between the interconnection point planned power Gb and the operation planned power Gc as the deductible power Du (Du=Gb-Gc). The supply frame is a frame in which the supply power Ga is a positive number (Ga>0) among the multiple frames, and the non-supply frame is a frame in which the supply power Ga is 0 among the multiple frames. The supply frame is an example of the "first time slot", and the non-supply frame is an example of the "second time slot".

[0091] In addition, if the sum of the maximum or minimum value of the power that can be received by the resource 22 and the maximum value of the power that can be charged and discharged by the storage device 21 exceeds the maximum or minimum value of the power that can be exchanged at the interconnection point 11, the power amount calculation unit 51 may set the difference between the maximum or minimum value of the power that can be exchanged at the interconnection point 11 and the maximum or minimum value of the power that can be received by the resource 22 as the deduction power Du.

[0092] 11 is an explanatory diagram of a method for calculating the required energy E by the power amount calculation unit 51. The power amount calculation unit 51 of the fourth embodiment calculates the required energy Eu by accumulating the required energy Qu or the deduction power Du while going back in time within the analysis period σ. Specifically, the power amount calculation unit 51 calculates the required energy Eu by accumulating the required energy Qu for each of the supply frames among the multiple frames, and the deduction power Du for each of the non-supply frames among the multiple frames while going back in time within the analysis period σ. For each non-supply frame, a value obtained by multiplying the deduction power Du by -1 is accumulated.

[0093] For example, as illustrated in FIG. 11, frame 6 is a non-supplied frame in which the deduction power Du is set to -2000 kW. Therefore, in the process of calculating the required energy Eu, 2000 kW is accumulated for frame 6. On the other hand, frame 5 is a supplied frame in which the required energy Qu is set to 2000 kW. Therefore, 2000 kW is accumulated for frame 5. Frame 4 is a non-supplied frame in which the deduction power Du is set to 1000 kW. Therefore, -1000 kW is accumulated for frame 4. The required energy Eu is calculated by accumulating the required energy Qu or deduction power Du up to the current time Tc using the above procedure.

[0094] In the above explanation, the focus has been on the upward adjustment capability, but the required energy Ed of the downward adjustment capability is calculated in a similar manner. Specifically, the energy calculation unit 51 calculates the deduction power Dd of the downward adjustment capability for each non-supplied frame. Specifically, a numerical value obtained by inverting the sign of the deduction power Du of the upward adjustment capability is calculated as the deduction power Dd of the downward adjustment capability. The energy calculation unit 51 calculates the required energy Ed by integrating the required energy Qd of the downward adjustment capability for each supplied frame and the deduction power Dd for each non-supplied frame while going back in time within the analysis period σ.

[0095] As described above, the required energy amount E in the fourth embodiment is an amount of energy calculated by accumulating the required energy Q for one or more supply frames among the multiple frames that are scheduled to supply adjustment power, and accumulating the deduction energy D according to the operation plan U (operation planned energy Gc) and the power plan K (interconnection point planned energy Gb) for non-supply frames other than the one or more supply frames among the multiple frames, going back in time to the current time Tc within the analysis period σ. The deduction energy D (Du, Dd) is set according to the interconnection point planned energy Gb and the operation planned energy Gc. That is, the deduction energy Du is set to a value according to the energy in the power plan K to be charged and discharged to the storage device 21 (interconnection point planned energy Gb) and the energy that can be supplied from the resource 22 to the storage device 21 (operation planned energy Gc).

[0096] In the fourth embodiment, the required power amount is deducted taking into consideration the required power Q of each supply frame for which the response of the adjustment capability is required, as well as the plan for the storage device 21 to exchange power in each non-supply frame other than the supply frame. Therefore, the presence or absence of spare capacity in the storage device 21 can be determined more accurately.

[0097] Specifically, the amount of power required to follow the power plan K and the operation plan U in a non-supply frame that does not supply adjustment power (i.e., the deducted power D) is added to the required amount of power E. Therefore, the presence or absence of a surplus capacity in the power storage device 21 can be determined taking into consideration the consumption of the surplus capacity of the power storage device 21 by the power plan K and the operation plan U. Also, in a situation in which the surplus capacity shortage of the power storage device 21 is reduced by the power plan K and the operation plan U, the presence or absence of a surplus capacity of the power storage device 21 is determined taking into consideration the reduction in the surplus capacity shortage. That is, the possibility of determining that the surplus capacity is not secured even though the surplus capacity of the power storage device 21 is actually sufficient is reduced. Therefore, the deviation between the actual operation of the resource 22 and the operation plan U can be reduced.

[0098] [Variation b] A modified form (modification example b) of the fourth embodiment described above will be described. The control power D may be set to 0 when it becomes a negative number (Gc < Gb). According to modification example b, since only the positive control power D is taken into account in the calculation of the required power amount E, the required power amount E decreases as compared with a configuration that does not distinguish between the positive and negative of the control power D. Therefore, the possibility of determining that the remaining capacity of the electric device is not secured is reduced, and as a result, the possibility of restricting the operation of the resource 22 is decreased.

[0099] In modification example b, since the power plan K and the operation plan U are not reflected in the required power amount E for non-delivery commands in which the control power D becomes a negative number, it is not possible to determine whether or not the remaining capacity including the power required to follow the power plan K or the operation plan U remains in the power storage device 21. However, when it is determined that the remaining capacity of the power storage device 21 is insufficient, the discharge by the power storage device 21 is restricted by the correction of the power command value Y by the correction unit 43, so that the negative control power D is not actually transferred. That is, when the negative control power D is also used in the calculation of the required power amount E, an extra power amount more than the minimum power amount required for the supply of the adjustment power is secured in the power storage device 21. Therefore, as in the example of the fourth embodiment, it is not necessary to consider the negative control power D when calculating the required power amount E.

[0100] [Modification example c] In the fourth embodiment, the configuration of the third embodiment may be adopted. That is, the operation plan power Gc in FIG. 10 may be replaced with the maximum value Gc_max or the minimum value Gc_min of the operation plan power Gc. That is, the control power D in modification example c is a numerical value corresponding to the maximum value Gc_max or the minimum value Gc_min of the power that can be lent from the resource 22 to the power storage device 21. Specifically, the minimum value Gc_min of the power that the resource 22 can receive is applied to the calculation of the control power Du of the upward adjustment power. Also, the maximum value Gc_max of the power that the resource 22 can receive is applied to the calculation of the control power Dd of the downward adjustment power.

[0101] According to modification example c, when power can be exchanged between the power storage device 21 and the resource 22 in a direction that increases the reserve capacity of the power storage device 21, the required power amount E is further reduced by deducting the power in question from the required power Q. As a result of the above operation, similar to the third embodiment, the possibility of determining that the power storage device 21 does not have reserve capacity when in fact the reserve capacity is reserved decreases, so that the deviation between the actual operation of the resource 22 and the operation plan U can be reduced.

[0102] [Variation d] The deduction power D may be set according to the maximum amount of power that the power storage device 21 can charge and discharge. For example, the maximum amount of power that the power storage device 21 can charge and discharge is set as the deduction power D. Specifically, the power amount calculation unit 51 sets the deduction power D of the upward adjustment capability to the maximum amount of power that the power storage device 21 can charge. In addition, the power amount calculation unit 51 sets the deduction power D of the downward adjustment capability to the maximum amount of power that the power storage device 21 can discharge.

[0103] According to variant example d, in an operation in which the energy storage device 21 is able to freely exchange power with the interconnection point 11 in a frame in which adjustment power is not provided, the minimum amount of power required for the energy storage device 21 can be set as the required amount of power E, assuming that the energy storage device 21 is charged and discharged at maximum output so that a reserve capacity is ensured in the event that the reserve capacity of the energy storage device 21 becomes insufficient.

[0104] E: Fifth embodiment In the fifth embodiment, the calculation of the required power amount E by the power amount calculation unit 51 is different from that in the first embodiment. The configuration and operation other than the calculation of the required power amount E are the same as those in the first embodiment. Therefore, the fifth embodiment also achieves the same effects as the first embodiment.

[0105] The power amount calculation unit 51 of the fifth embodiment calculates the required power Q and the deductible power D according to the maximum value Pmax and minimum value Pmin of the power that the resource 22 can supply to the power storage device 21 in each supply frame. Specifically, the power amount calculation unit 51 calculates the required power Qu and the deductible power Du of the upward adjustment capability and the required power Qd and the deductible power Dd of the downward adjustment capability by calculation of the following formulas (1) to (4).

[0106]

number

[0107] The meanings of the symbols in formulas (1) to (4) are as follows: Pref: Average power received by one unit according to power plan K [kW] Pu: Maximum value of reverse current power in the up-regulation capacity [kW] Pd: Maximum power in the forward direction in the down regulation capacity [kW]

[0108] The maximum value Pu of the up regulation capability corresponds to the maximum value of the supply power Ga related to the up regulation capability, and the maximum value Pd of the down regulation capability corresponds to the maximum value of the supply power Ga related to the down regulation capability. The average received power Pref corresponds to the above-mentioned interconnection point planned power Gb. Therefore, the formulas (1) and (3) correspond to a calculation of calculating the required power Q(Qu, Qd) by adding the difference between the operation planned power Gc(Pmin, Pmax) and the interconnection point planned power Gb(Pref) to the supply power Ga(Pu, Pd), and the formulas (2) and (4) correspond to a calculation of calculating the deduction power D(Du, Dd) by subtracting the operation planned power Gc(Pmin, Pmax) from the interconnection point planned power Gb(Pref).

[0109] The power amount calculation unit 51 calculates the minimum value Pmin of formulas (1) and (2) by the following formula (5), and calculates the maximum value Pmax of formulas (3) and (4) by the following formula (6). In the fifth embodiment, the minimum value Gc_min in the third or fourth embodiment is replaced with the minimum value Pmin in formula (5), and the maximum value Gc_max in the third or fourth embodiment is replaced with the maximum value Pmax in formula (6).

number

[0110] The meanings of the symbols in formulas (5) and (6) are as follows: Pr_min: The minimum power value of resource 22 when the power receiving direction is positive [kW] Pr_max: Maximum power value of resource 22 when the power receiving direction is positive [kW] PB: Capacity of the power storage device 21 [kW]

[0111] The minimum value Pr_min is, for example, the lower limit of an output range based on the equipment performance of the resource 22, and the maximum value Pr_max is the upper limit of the output range. The minimum value Pr_min may be the lower limit of an output range that is adjustable under the operating conditions of the resource 22, and the maximum value Pr_max may be the upper limit of the output range.

[0112] Fig. 12 is an explanatory diagram of formula (5) and formula (6). Fig. 12 illustrates the upper limit value Lmax of the control range α of the adjustment capability. The upper limit value Lmax is a numerical value obtained by adding the maximum value Pd of the downward adjustment capability to the average received power Pref (Lmax = Pref + Pd).

[0113] 12 also illustrates the minimum output Omin in the operating range of the resource 22. The sum (PB+Omin) of the maximum value PB of the power that the storage device 21 can charge and the minimum output Omin is the maximum range in which the resource 22 can respond to a command for the downward adjustment capability. That is, in order to respond to a command for the maximum value Pd of the downward adjustment capability, the sum (PB+Omin) needs to be equal to or greater than the upper limit value Lmax. Now, when the sum (PB+Omin) and the upper limit value Lmax are equal, the minimum output Omin is (-PB+Pref+Pd). That is, the power (-PB+Pref+Pd) is the minimum power required of the resource 22 to respond to a command for the maximum value Pd of the downward adjustment capability.

[0114] In consideration of the above circumstances, the power amount calculation unit 51 of the fifth embodiment sets the larger of the minimum value Pr_min of the power of the resource 22 and the power (-PB+Pref+Pd) as the minimum value Pmin of the power that the resource 22 can supply to the power storage device 21, as shown in the above-mentioned formula (5). Therefore, it is possible to respond to a command of the maximum value Pd of the downward adjustment capability.

[0115] A lower limit value Lmin of the control range α of the adjustment capability is also shown in Fig. 12. The lower limit value Lmin is a numerical value obtained by subtracting the maximum value Pu of the upward adjustment capability from the average received power Pref (Lmin = Pref - Pu).

[0116] 12 also illustrates the maximum output Omax in the operating range of the resource 22. The value (Omax-PB) obtained by subtracting the maximum value PB of the power that the storage device 21 can discharge from the maximum output Omax is the minimum range in which the resource 22 can respond to a command for the upward adjustment capability. That is, in order to respond to a command for the maximum value Pu of the upward adjustment capability, the subtraction value (Omax-PB) needs to be equal to or less than the lower limit value Lmin. Now, when the subtraction value (Omax-PB) is equal to the lower limit value Lmin, the maximum output Omax is (PB+Pref-Pu). That is, the power (PB+Pref-Pu) is the maximum power required of the resource 22 to respond to a command for the maximum value Pu of the upward adjustment capability.

[0117] In consideration of the above circumstances, the power amount calculation unit 51 of the fifth embodiment sets the smaller one of the maximum power Pr_max of the resource 22 and the power (PB+Pref-Pu) as the maximum power Pmax that the resource 22 can supply to the power storage device 21, as shown in the above-mentioned formula (6). Therefore, it is possible to respond to a command of the maximum power adjustment capability Pu.

[0118] As described above, in the fifth embodiment, the maximum value Pmax or minimum value Pmin of the power that can be transferred from resource 22 to the storage device 21 is less than the upper limit value and greater than or equal to the lower limit value of the operating range of resource 22, when it is assumed that the upper limit value Lmax or lower limit value Lmin of the control range α of the adjustment power is output by the entire system including the storage device 21 and resource 22.

[0119] In the fifth embodiment, the required energy amount E(Eu, Ed) is calculated assuming a case where the resource 22 is utilized to the maximum extent so as to secure a necessary reserve capacity for the power storage device 21. Therefore, the reserve capacity of the power storage device 21 is secured more reliably, and as a result, the deviation between the actual operation of the resource 22 and the operation plan U can be reduced.

[0120] F: Variation Specific modified embodiments added to each of the above-mentioned embodiments are exemplified below. Two or more embodiments selected from the following examples may be appropriately combined as long as they are not mutually contradictory.

[0121] (1) In each of the above-described embodiments, the required energy E (Eu, Ed) is calculated by accumulating the required energy Q (Qu, Qd) of each frame within the analysis period σ, but the method of calculating the required energy E is not limited to the above examples.

[0122] For example, the power calculation unit 51 may integrate the required power Q (Qu, Qd) of each frame within the analysis period σ within a limited range. The limited range is a range between an upper limit value and a lower limit value. When the integrated value in the process of calculating the required power E exceeds the upper limit value, the power calculation unit 51 sets the upper limit value as the integrated value, and when the integrated value falls below the lower limit value, the power calculation unit 51 sets the lower limit value as the integrated value. Note that only one of the upper limit value and the lower limit value may be set. The upper limit value and the lower limit value of the integrated value may be set with the range of the kWh capacity that the storage device 21 can charge and discharge as the allowable range. As described above, the "integration" in this disclosure includes not only a process of simply adding multiple numerical values, but also a process of adding multiple numerical values ​​under various conditions, such as limiting the numerical values ​​to values ​​within a limited range.

[0123] The lower limit of the restricted range is set to 0, for example. That is, the integrated value of the required power Q may be limited to a non-negative range. In a configuration in which the integrated value of the required power Q can be a negative number, the required energy E may be set to a small value even when the power storage device 21 does not actually have sufficient spare capacity, and as a result, it may be determined that the power storage device 21 has spare capacity. By limiting the integrated value of the required power Q to a non-negative range, the above situation can be avoided.

[0124] (2) In the second to fourth embodiments, when calculating the required power Q of a frame that is a certain time or more in the future than the current time Tc, the interconnection point planned power Gb may be set to the maximum value of power that can be exchanged at the interconnection point 11 separately from the adjustment power during the supply of the adjustment power. For example, for an upward adjustment power, the interconnection point planned power Gb is calculated by subtracting the maximum value of power that can be received at the interconnection point 11 separately from the adjustment power during the supply of the adjustment power from the supply power Ga of the adjustment power. Also, for a downward adjustment power, the interconnection point planned power Gb is calculated by subtracting the maximum value of power that can be discharged to the interconnection point 11 separately from the adjustment power during the supply of the adjustment power from the supply power Ga of the adjustment power.

[0125] According to the above configuration, when there is a deadline for changing the plan (e.g., a power generation plan or a reference value plan) for the power to be exchanged at the interconnection point 11 separate from the adjustment power during the period in which the adjustment power is being provided, the required power Q for the frame in which the change can be made in time can be corrected as described above, so that the minimum amount of power required for the storage device 21 after taking into account the change to the plan can be set as the required power E.

[0126] (3) The analysis period σ is not limited to the above examples. For example, the analysis period σ may be a time period that is a trading unit in the wholesale electricity market, or one day. The analysis period σ may be a period until the end of the most recently scheduled supply period of adjustment power, or a period until a time period during which the interconnection point power plan or the operation plan of the resource 22 can be changed. The length of the analysis period σ may be dynamically changed under certain conditions.

[0127] (4) The functions of the control system 30 according to the above embodiment are realized by the cooperation of one or more processors constituting the control device 31 and the program stored in the storage device 32, as described above. The above-mentioned programs can be provided in a form stored in a computer-readable recording medium and installed in a computer. The recording medium is, for example, a non-transitory recording medium, and a good example is an optical recording medium (optical disk) such as a CD-ROM, but also includes any known type of recording medium such as a semiconductor recording medium or a magnetic recording medium. Note that the non-transitory recording medium includes any recording medium except for a transient, propagating signal, and does not exclude volatile recording media. In addition, in a configuration in which a distribution device distributes a program via a communication network, the recording medium that stores the program in the distribution device corresponds to the non-transitory recording medium described above.

[0128] G: Notes From the above-described exemplary embodiments, the following configurations can be understood, for example.

[0129] A control system 30 according to one embodiment (embodiment 1) of the present disclosure is a system for controlling a power storage device that transfers power to and from a power grid, and a resource that transfers power between the power grid and the power storage device, and includes a power control unit that adjusts the power of the power storage device and the resource so that the resource operates according to an operation plan and the power at the interconnection point of the power grid is maintained at the required power according to the power plan, and a margin determination unit that determines whether or not the power storage device has a margin in accordance with the power supply plan and the charge amount of the power storage device, and the power control unit limits the operation of the resource when the margin determination unit determines that the power storage device does not have a margin. In the above embodiment, since the operation of the resource is limited when it is determined that the power storage device does not have a margin, a situation in which the margin of the power storage device is excessively insufficient can be suppressed, and the possibility that the power at the interconnection point deviates from the required power can be reduced. In other words, the power storage device and the resource can be efficiently used while maintaining the power at the interconnection point at the required power.

[0130] In a specific example (aspect 2) of aspect 1, when the margin determination unit determines that the power storage device does not have a margin, the power control unit limits the transfer of power between the power storage device and the resource in a direction that reduces the margin of the power storage device. In the above aspect, the transfer of power in a direction that reduces the margin of the power storage device is limited, so that the possibility of the margin of the power storage device being insufficient can be effectively reduced.

[0131] In a specific example (Aspect 3) of Aspect 1, when the capacity reserve determination unit determines that the power storage device does not have a capacity reserve, the power control unit changes the power exchanged between the power storage device and the resource or the power exchanged between the power storage device and the power grid in a direction that increases the capacity reserve of the power storage device. According to the above aspect, the power exchanged between the power storage device and the resource or the power grid changes in a direction that increases the capacity reserve of the power storage device, so that the possibility of the power storage device running short of capacity can be effectively reduced.

[0132] In a specific example (Aspect 4) of any one of Aspects 1 to 3, the surplus capacity determination unit determines whether or not the power storage device has surplus capacity by comparing the amount of power required according to the power supply plan with the amount of power the power storage device can charge and discharge. According to the above aspect, by comparing the amount of power required according to the power supply plan with the amount of power the power storage device can charge and discharge, it is possible to appropriately determine whether or not the power storage device has surplus capacity.

[0133] In a specific example (aspect 5) of aspect 4, the required amount of power is power corresponding to the maximum or minimum value of power provided to the interconnection point as adjustment capability. According to the above aspect, the required amount of power is calculated by integrating over time the maximum or minimum value of power that can be requested as adjustment capability. Therefore, the required amount of power can be calculated so as to be able to respond to any adjustment capability from the maximum value to the minimum value requested by the interconnection point power command.

[0134] In a specific example (aspect 6) of aspect 4 or aspect 5, the required amount of power is the power obtained by adding or subtracting the power exchanged between the interconnection point or the resource and the power storage device according to the power plan or the operation plan to or from the maximum or minimum value. According to the above aspect, in calculating the required amount of power during a time period when a response of adjustment capability is required, if there is a plan to exchange power in a direction that increases the reserve capacity of the power storage device during the same time period, the required amount of power can be further reduced. As a result of the above operation, the possibility of determining that the reserve capacity is not secured in the power storage device when it actually is secured decreases, and therefore the deviation between the actual operation of the resource and the operation plan can be reduced.

[0135] In a specific example (Aspect 7) of any one of Aspects 4 to 6, the required amount of power is a numerical value obtained by adding or subtracting the maximum or minimum value of the power that can be transferred from the resource to the power storage device. According to the above aspects, when power can be exchanged between the power storage device and the resource in a direction that increases the spare capacity of the power storage device, the required amount of power is further reduced by subtracting the power from the required power. As a result of the above operation, the possibility of determining that the spare capacity is not secured in the power storage device when it actually is secured decreases, thereby reducing the deviation between the actual operation of the resource and the operation plan.

[0136] In a specific example (Aspect 8) of any of Aspects 4 to 7, the required amount of power is an amount of power calculated by accumulating, for one or more first time slots among the multiple time slots during which adjustment capacity is scheduled to be provided, the required amount of power according to the contract information of the adjustment capacity, and, for one or more second time slots among the multiple time slots other than the one or more first time slots, the deducted amount of power according to the operation plan and the power plan, going back in time from a time later than the current time to the current time. According to the above aspect, the required amount of power is deducted in consideration of the required amount of power in each first time slot during which adjustment capacity is required to be acted upon, as well as the plan for the storage device to receive and transmit power in each second time slot other than the first time slot. Therefore, the presence or absence of spare capacity in the storage device can be determined more accurately.

[0137] In a specific example (aspect 9) of aspect 8, the deduction power is a numerical value corresponding to the maximum or minimum value of the power that the power storage device can charge or discharge. According to the above aspect, in an operation in which the power storage device can freely exchange power with an interconnection point during a time period when it is not necessary to respond to adjustment capability, the minimum amount of power required for the power storage device can be set as the required amount of power, assuming that the power storage device is charged or discharged at maximum output so that a surplus capacity is secured when the surplus capacity of the power storage device is insufficient.

[0138] In a specific example (Aspect 1) of Aspect 8 or Aspect 9, the deductible power is a numerical value according to the power in the plan to charge and discharge the power storage device. In the above aspect, when a power exchange is planned in a direction to increase the spare capacity of the power storage device during a time period when there is no need to respond to the adjustment capacity, the required power amount is further reduced by deducting the power from the required power. As a result of the above operation, the possibility of determining that the spare capacity is not secured in the power storage device when it actually is secured decreases, so that the deviation between the actual operation of the resource and the operation plan can be reduced.

[0139] In a specific example (Aspect 11) of any one of Aspects 8 to 10, the deductible power is further a numerical value corresponding to the maximum or minimum value of the power that can be transferred from the resource to the power storage device. In the above aspects, in a time period when there is no need to respond to adjustment capacity, when power can be exchanged between the power storage device and the resource in a direction that eliminates the surplus capacity of the power storage device, the required power amount is further reduced by deducting the amount of power obtained by integrating the power over time from the required power amount. As a result of the above operation, the possibility of determining that the power storage device does not have surplus capacity when it actually does has decreased, so that the deviation between the actual operation of the resource and the operation plan can be reduced.

[0140] In a specific example (aspect 12) of aspect 8 or aspect 11, the maximum or minimum value of the power that can be transferred from the resource to the power storage device is equal to or lower than the upper limit and equal to or higher than the lower limit of the operating range of the resource when it is assumed that the upper or lower limit of the control range of the adjustment capability is output by the entire system including the power storage device and the resource. In the above aspect, it is possible to calculate the required amount of power assuming that the resource is utilized to the maximum extent so that the required spare capacity of the power storage device is secured. Therefore, the spare capacity of the power storage device is secured more reliably, and as a result, it is possible to reduce the deviation between the actual operation of the resource and the operation plan.

[0141] A power management system according to one embodiment (embodiment 13) of the present disclosure comprises a power storage device that transfers power to and from a power system, a resource that transfers power between the power system and the power storage device, and a control system that controls the power storage device and the resource, wherein the control system comprises a power control unit that adjusts the power of the power storage device and the resource so that the resource operates in accordance with an operation plan and the power at the interconnection point of the power system is maintained at the required power according to the power plan, and a margin determination unit that determines whether the power storage device has a reserve capacity in accordance with the power supply plan and the charge amount of the power storage device, and the power control unit limits the operation of the resource when the margin determination unit determines that the power storage device does not have a reserve capacity. [Explanation of symbols]

[0142] 100...power management system, 10...power system, 11...interconnection point, 21...energy storage device, 211...storage battery, 212...control device, 22...resource, 31...control device, 32...storage device, 33...communication device, 40...power control unit, 41...first calculation unit, 42...second calculation unit, 43...correction unit, 431...correction setting unit, 432...correction control unit, 433...correction processing unit, 44...adjustment unit, 50...reserve capacity determination unit, 51...energy amount calculation unit, 52...energy storage reserve capacity calculation unit, 53...comparison unit.

Claims

1. A system for controlling a power storage device that transfers power to and from a power grid, and a resource that transfers power between the power grid and the power storage device, comprising: a power control unit that adjusts the power of the power storage device and the resource so that the resource operates in accordance with an operation plan and the power at an interconnection point of the power system is maintained at a required power according to the power plan; a surplus capacity determination unit that determines whether or not a surplus capacity is secured in the power storage device according to a power supply plan and a charge amount of the power storage device, The power control unit limits operation of the resource when the power reserve determination unit determines that the power storage device does not have a power reserve. Control system.

2. When the margin determination unit determines that the power storage device does not have a margin, the power control unit limits the exchange of power between the power storage device and the resource in a direction that reduces the margin of the power storage device. The control system of claim 1.

3. When the margin determination unit determines that the power storage device does not have a margin, the power control unit changes the power exchanged between the power storage device and the resource, or the power exchanged between the power storage device and the power grid, in a direction in which the margin of the power storage device increases. The control system of claim 1.

4. The power reserve determination unit determines whether the power storage device has a power reserve by comparing an amount of power required according to the power supply plan with an amount of power that can be charged and discharged by the power storage device. The control system of claim 1.

5. The required amount of power is power according to a maximum or minimum value of power provided to the interconnection point as adjustment capability. The control system of claim 4.

6. The required power amount is further calculated by adding or subtracting the power exchanged between the interconnection point or the resource and the power storage device according to the power plan or the operation plan to or from the maximum or minimum value. The control system of claim 5.

7. The required amount of power is a numerical value obtained by adding or subtracting a maximum or minimum value of the power that can be supplied from the resource to the power storage device. The control system of claim 4.

8. The required amount of power is For one or more first time slots in which adjustment capacity is to be provided among the multiple time slots, the required power according to the contract information of the adjustment capacity is For one or more second time slots other than the one or more first time slots among the plurality of time slots, the deduction power according to the operation plan and the power plan, This is the amount of power accumulated from a point after the current time back to the current time. The control system of claim 4.

9. The deduction power is a value corresponding to the maximum or minimum value of the power that can be charged or discharged by the power storage device. The control system of claim 8.

10. The deduction power is a value according to the power in the plan for charging and discharging the power storage device. The control system of claim 8.

11. The deduction power is further a numerical value corresponding to a maximum or minimum value of the power that can be supplied from the resource to the power storage device. The control system of claim 8.

12. The maximum or minimum value of the electric power that can be transferred from the resource to the power storage device is equal to or lower than the upper limit value and equal to or higher than the lower limit value of the operating range of the resource when it is assumed that the upper limit value or the lower limit value of the control range of the adjustment capability is output by the entire system including the power storage device and the resource. A control system according to claim 7 or 11.

13. a power storage device that transfers power to and from a power grid; A resource that exchanges power between the power grid and the power storage device; a control system for controlling the power storage device and the resource; The control system includes: a power control unit that adjusts the power of the power storage device and the resource so that the resource operates in accordance with an operation plan and the power at an interconnection point of the power system is maintained at a required power according to the power plan; a surplus capacity determination unit that determines whether or not a surplus capacity is secured in the power storage device according to a power supply plan and a charge amount of the power storage device, The power control unit limits operation of the resource when the power reserve determination unit determines that the power storage device does not have a power reserve. Power management system.

Images