Electromedical system for non-invasive diagnosis of oncological diseases

Abstract

An electromedical system (1) for non-invasive diagnosis of oncological diseases, comprising an electromagnetic source unit (2), a receiving unit (3), a multi-band and multi-channel antenna (4) and a processing unit (5) with data processing software. The electromagnetic source unit (2) is configured to generate and emit electromagnetic pump signals, electromagnetic probe signals and test and reference signals. The receiving unit (3) is configured to receive and measure the amplitude and phase of the signals generated by the electromagnetic source unit (2) and captured, in use, by the multi-band and multi-channel antenna (4).

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This patent application claims priority from European Patent Applications Nos. 20217275.5 and 21155605.5, filed on December 24, 2020 and February 5, 2021, respectively, and Italian Patent Application No. 102021000032537, filed on December 23, 2021, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

[0002] The present invention relates to an electromedical system for the non-invasive diagnosis of oncological diseases. [Background technology]

[0003] Over the past few decades, a variety of techniques and associated devices have been developed to investigate the properties of biomaterials.

[0004] For example, with the use of computed tomography, it is possible to generate three-dimensional images through serial cross-sectional scans of the body. Most of the activity in the field of image reconstruction is based on the use of X-rays and other narrow-beam penetrating radiation, e.g. gamma rays. The quantity measured and displayed is the absorption of X-rays in each elemental volume in the cross-section of the object.

[0005] Emission tomography differs from transmission tomography in that, rather than irradiating selected parts of the body with penetrating radiation and measuring the amount emitted from the other side, it measures penetrating radiation emitted by special radioactive chemicals injected into the body, producing an image of the area through which the radiation beam passes. For medical investigations, X-ray tomography poses health risks due to the effects of ionizing emissions. Research and development in this field is focused on increasingly sensitive sensors to reduce the dose delivered to the body.

[0006] Other imaging methods use non-ionizing radiation. In ultrasound devices, for example, high-frequency ultrasound pulses are transmitted into the body and an image of the tissue geometry is reconstructed from the reflected pulses (echo data). Although this technique uses non-ionizing radiation, it has several drawbacks, the main one being that the echo data is often quite noisy and of limited definition, limiting its possible applications.

[0007] Complementary techniques for mapping the electrical properties of biomaterials involve impedance analysis, using microcurrent or microwave tomography techniques. Despite recent developments, these techniques suffer from the same drawbacks as ultrasound methods. Bioelectrical mapping methods are primarily based on the investigation of the permittivity and conductivity of biomaterials.

[0008] The electrical conductivity can be derived from measurements taken at different radio frequencies depending on the amount of imbalance caused by a sensing coil to a previously stable balanced system. Some diagnostic devices work by measuring the changes in the electrical constants and electrical conductivity of breast tissue. It is also possible to irradiate a target tissue or material with electromagnetic radiation and detect the scattered electromagnetic radiation to extract structural properties of the target (in the time and / or frequency domains) using techniques developed primarily for avionics and ground-based radar systems.

[0009] In the diagnostic field, some devices also utilize fluorescent radiation stimulated in response to primary electromagnetic excitation.

[0010] Another class of diagnostic techniques refers to systems based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). NMR devices exploit the fact that atomic nuclei, usually single protons or hydrogen nuclei, have a small nuclear momentum and associated spin angular momentum. The combined effect of magnetic and spin momentum causes the nuclei to precess in the direction of the applied magnetic field. A magnetic gradient is applied to the sample under examination in NMR, and the nuclei tend to align in the direction of the static magnetic field, resulting in mass magnetization of the sample. Further pulses are then used to perturb the magnetization, resulting in repolarization based on the spin-lattice relaxation time. The precession frequency, known as the Larmor frequency, is usually detected between 10 and 100 MHz, which requires the application of high-strength magnetic fields (0.2 to 2.5 Tesla). This is the ultimate limit of the technology.

[0011] Using photon-phonon coupling, it is known that when pulsed EM energy is absorbed by biological tissue, a portion of the impulse energy is converted into acoustic energy. Several devices have been developed that analyze this information to reconstruct an image of the biological tissue under examination. Absorption is correlated with the permittivity, conductivity and radio frequency chosen to excite the material under examination.

[0012] In the brief and non-exhaustive review mentioned above, all reported techniques are characterized by the ability to investigate a specific physical response of the biological target under examination. The physical response is usually obtained and measured at the expense of an increase in the entropy of the system under examination. This side effect arises from the exposure of the sample under examination to the energy emitted by the detection device (X-rays, static magnetic fields, electromagnetic fields, etc.). In some cases a fundamental criticality also appears, for example in NMR, where a further increase in entropy can reduce or even negate the ability to obtain potentially important microscopic information. This is known in the case of nuclear quadrupole resonance, which is negated by the high static magnetic fields of the NMR devices.

[0013] Bioelectrical Properties The discovery of electrical properties in biological tissue dates back to 1926, when it was recognized that the dielectric properties of tumors differed significantly from those of healthy tissues when irradiated by electromagnetic (EM) waves with a frequency of approximately 20 KHz [1]. In particular, and intriguingly, Fricke and Morse found that malignant tumors have a significantly higher electrical capacitance compared to benign lesions or healthy tissue. They reported the polarization effect in these biological systems, noting that the central (oldest) parts of the tumor have a lower electrical capacitance compared to the actively growing edges (the capacitance decreases with the age of the patient).

[0014] Estimation of the parameters of the Fricke-Morse model of biological tissues has been widely used to process and analyze bioimpedance data. More recent studies have confirmed that the dielectric properties of cells depend on their type and physiological state, with MDA-231 human breast cancer cells exhibiting, for example, a dielectric constant of 11 mF / m observed for T lymphocytes at rest. 2 In contrast to the value of 26 mF / m 2 [2] The average specific capacitance of the plasma membrane is

[0015] Without embarking on a lengthy review of results on this topic, we will only cite the recent observation [3] that appropriately regulated EM signals can induce the self-assembly of tubulin proteins, while no effect is observed on the spontaneous growth of microtubules in the absence of EM pumping (see live visualization in [4], where the frequency intervals at which the protein mechanically folds and its structure oscillates electromagnetically are measured). Equally interesting is the dielectrophoretic separation of tumor cells from blood [2], achieved by applying a non-uniform electric field (with rotational frequencies up to 140 MHz) to the sample.

[0016] Both above examples especially illustrate the fact that in biological systems, non-thermal effects occur when this biological system interacts with an applied electromagnetic field. A long series of experimental and theoretical studies has also led to the conclusion that cells become electrically polarized when exposed to an oscillating electric field, which therefore induces polarization (dipole) oscillations in biological systems.

[0017] In recognition of the relevant scientific literature, it is also reported here that the dielectric properties of cells are determined by cell surface morphology, cell dimensions and other biochemical factors. These effects can be included (within 10% of the actual values, with a 90% confidence level) in a specific dielectric model referenced in [2].

[0018] Thus, with appropriate boundary conditions, biological disease problems can be analyzed as anisotropic with respect to the medium (body) through which the probing electromagnetic field penetrates.

[0019] In fact, cells that form living tissues communicate by gap junction contacts, which allow the passage of ions and other signaling molecules between cells, thus establishing electrical connections between the cells. Biological membranes form systems with a high level of molecular integrity, combining chemical, lipid, structural protein and enzymatic components that interact with each other to form a basic, unified structure.

[0020] Cells of diseased tissues, especially tumor cells, are characterized by different morphological atypia (metabolic, biochemical and cooperative behavior), and pathogenic membrane changes are involved in this, both at the level of intracellular vesicles and at the level of the cell surface. The surface is usually rich in electrostatic charges, which determine the mutual attraction or repulsion. Tissue cells attract each other and remain adhesive both due to the presence of glycoprotein binding substances and the action of ions that neutralize the surface charge forming bridges between cells. All cells show an electronegative surface. In tumor cells, the electronegativity of the cell surface increases, which is related to the increase in sialic acid. The electronegativity is not counteracted by calcium ions, the importance of which in adhesion is well known. In tumors, the extracellular calcium content is reduced and cannot promote adhesion.

[0021] In addition to adhesive properties, a fundamental role of proteins in cells should also be mentioned. In fact, their task is to form and maintain the bilipid layer of the membrane, in which they are free to move by translation or rotation, depending on the fluidity of the lipid layer. This property is significantly altered in the case of tumors.

[0022] Finding new targets to study and understand tumor cells is one of the biggest challenges in current medical research. In particular, predicting whether a tumor will progress or go into remission is a very important priority. To this end, different approaches have been attempted to predict the behavior of tumor cells before and after the initiation of treatment.

[0023] Another important point to consider is undoubtedly that during tumor progression, changes occur not only in the macroscopic structure and viscoelasticity of cells, but also in the microscopic dynamics of these interiors. This occurs because changes in cell morphology and packing naturally affect the organelles, the pathways through which water and other biomolecules can move. Curiously, despite the fact that this idea has taken hold and that cells contain mainly water molecules, there have been very few studies focusing on the properties of intracellular and extracellular water and relating these to tumor cell behavior.

[0024] Considering the nature of the cell medium, changes in water characteristics and properties may correlate with single or discrete types of movement, and this distinction may be key to explaining how and why water dynamics change within cells with different outcomes [5]. The possible differences can be traced back to the different ways in which water may interact within the complex cellular environment. Weakly interacting water molecules behave similarly to free water, with approximately 3 × 10 -9 m 2 / s, but water molecules trapped by, for example, folded proteins, cell membranes and organelles exhibit different properties because their mobility and therefore effective scattering are restricted [6].

[0025] Changes in the scattering coefficient may also have a profound effect on the response of tissues when exposed to electromagnetic fields, explaining how electromagnetic interaction phenomena differ with different cellular prognoses and thus representing new avenues for specific information transfer.

[0026] In general, different events are known to occur at the cell membrane level, including: Loss of inhibitions due to contact, -Reduction of stickiness, Increased mobility, · Increased presence of bound water.

[0027] These phenomena lead to the conclusion that the onset of disease creates new degrees of freedom with respect to the electronic and ionic charges involved in cellular exchange dynamics.

[0028] Furthermore, cell detachment from tumors and binding of tumor cells to bone are strongly influenced by cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion, attributes that endow tumors with quantifiable biophysical properties. These properties are tumor elasticity (a measure of the tumor's ability to deform in response to applied stress), tumor viscosity (an index of cell motility within the tumor) and tumor confluency (a dynamic and complex expression of cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion). These phenomena are essential to investigate the biophysical and biomolecular changes that accompany tumor malignant progression.

[0029] Various adhesion factors have been investigated as markers for the presence of cancer.

[0030] As an example, the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid (HA) regulates cell adhesion and migration. The endoglycosidase hyaluronidase (HAase) degrades HA into small angiogenic fragments. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and similar assays, increased levels of HA (3-8 fold) were found in prostate cancer tissue (CaP) compared to normal tissue (NAP) and benign tissue (BPH) [7]. The majority of HA in prostate tissue (75-80%) was found in the free form. Primary CaP fibroblasts and epithelial cells secrete 3-8 fold more HA than the respective NAP and BP cultures. Only CaP epithelial cells and established CaP lines secrete HAasi, and the secretion increased with tumor stage and metastasis.

[0031] Stromal and epithelial patterns of HA and HYAL1 expression were observed in CaP tissues. High HA expression was observed in the tumor-associated stroma, whereas HYAL1 expression in tumor cells increased with tumor stage and metastasis.

[0032] Higher and intermediate molecular weight HA were found in all tissues, but HA fragments were found only in CaP tissues. Notably, high-quality CaP tissues that showed high levels of HA and HYAL1 contained fragments of angiogenic HA. Stromal epithelial expression of HA and HYAL1 can promote angiogenesis in CaP and can function as charged vectors for electromagnetic interactions.

[0033] Clearly, the greater freedom of movement of these available charges, typical in pathological conditions (rotational motion, ionic flow), can be exploited to probe the biophysical state of tissues by electromagnetic interactions.

[0034] When illuminated by an electromagnetic field, molecules such as water and proteins tend to line up along the polarization of the field to minimize their dipole potential energy.

[0035] Spectroscopic analysis has shown that the rotational motion of water molecules bound to polymers resonates at frequencies between 100 and 1000 MHz, which can be used to provide a signal with high information content. The technical problem lies in its conversion, since the signal is extremely weak.

[0036] While traditional biology is mainly based on the microstructure of biomaterials, i.e. cellular or molecular structures as in molecular biology or microbiology provided by physicochemical concepts, biomaterials have recently been recognized as electromagnetic assemblies and complex electrical network systems. Thus, various new mechanical, electromagnetic and electromechanical effects have been described in the latest literature and cumulatively, not only the electrical properties and functions of the biomaterials themselves, but also the interaction of the biomaterials with external electromagnetic fields as a coherent whole taking into account cooperative effects.

[0037] In the physical world, the structure and properties of materials can be described in two ways: by particle (atoms, molecules and / or elementary particles) for the microstructure and continuum (medium or fluid) for the macrostructure. Similarly, the structure and properties of biomaterials can be described in two ways: by cells, molecules and basic "biological closed electrical circuits" for the microstructure and continuum (fluid) for the macrostructure. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0038] Therefore, the need for non-invasive diagnostics for determining neoplastic diseases is felt in the field.

[0039] It is an object of the present invention to provide an electromedical system for the non-invasive diagnosis of tumor diseases. [Means for solving the problem]

[0040] According to the present invention there is provided an electro-medical system as claimed in the accompanying claims. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0041] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of a synchronous field and a biological oscillator. [Diagram 2] The diagram shows the competition between slow external oscillations (frequency W and force F0) and fast internal oscillations (frequency ω0) when W<<ω0. According to F. Kaiser [9], if W<<ω0 and F0 grow in the direction abcdef, the internal oscillations of the irradiated system must gradually reduce their frequency until they are synchronized with the external frequency. The phases bcde represent the transitory moments of the oscillation disturbance. [Diagram 3] The diagram shows the case (graph A) when the frequency of the external vibration is approximately equal to the frequency of the internal system (λ≒ω0), after a certain time of external radiation, an amplitude jump of the internal vibration is obtained by resonance, preserving the same frequency. If λ<<ω0, after a certain time the system oscillates with frequency λ and with a lower amplitude (graph B). [Figure 4] Diagram showing the phenomenon of phase conjugate mirrors: to achieve the described effect, two waves, coming from opposite directions, called pump waves, are launched onto a nonlinear medium. When a third (probe) signal wave is sent onto the medium, this generates a fourth wave (idler) that is time-reversed and counter-propagating relative to the signals. [Diagram 5] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electrical medical system. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the functional configuration of the beam of the source unit of the electro-medical system of FIG. 5. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustrating the dependence of the formation of parametric instability on the state of tissue disarray. [Figure 8] FIG. 6 illustrates the transmission of the state of homeostasis, as detected by the receiving unit of the system of FIG. 5 by the received field map, to the antenna of the system of FIG. 5 in the case of healthy tissue. [Figure 9]FIG. 6 illustrates the transmission of a state of homeostasis, as detected by the receiving unit of the system of FIG. 5 by means of the received field map, to the antenna of the system of FIG. 5 in the case of diseased tissue. [Figure 10] FIG. 6 is a circuit block diagram of a receiving unit of the electrical medical system of FIG. 5. [Figure 11] FIG. 2 illustrates the architecture of a receive chain on a single band. [Figure 12] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an antenna array. [Figure 13] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a circuit block diagram of a probe of the electro-medical system of FIG. 5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0042] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in order to enable those skilled in the art to make and use the same. Various modifications to the described embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles described can be applied to other embodiments and applications without thereby departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. Thus, the present invention should not be considered as limited to the embodiments described and illustrated, but should be accorded the widest scope consistent with the features described and claimed.

[0043] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly used by a person of ordinary skill in the art relevant to the present invention. In case of conflict, the present description, including the definitions provided, will be binding. Furthermore, these examples are provided purely for illustrative purposes and therefore should not be considered limiting.

[0044] In particular, the block diagrams contained in the figures attached and described below should not be understood as representing structural features, i.e. structural limitations, but should be interpreted as representing functional features, i.e. inherent characteristics of the device and defined by the effect obtained, i.e. functional limitations and what can be implemented in various ways and thus protect, for example, its functionality (functional possibilities).

[0045] To facilitate an understanding of the embodiments described herein, reference will be made to certain specific embodiments and specific language will be used to describe the same. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0046] synchronization The subject of the new extraction method herein is aimed at obtaining, by non-invasive electromagnetic means and without the use of ionizing radiation, information useful for understanding and analyzing the state of living tissue, and, taking into account the above introductory premise, refers to this, but not only, phenomenon of "synchronization".

[0047] The history of synchronization dates back to the 17th century, when Dutch scientist Christiaan Huygens reported his observations on the behavior of two of his recently invented pendulum clocks that were synchronized with each other through an oscillating mechanical coupling. This invention greatly improved timekeeping accuracy and helped address the problem of determining longitude.

[0048] In the mid-19th century, in his book The Theory of Sound, Lord Rayleigh described the interesting phenomenon of synchronization in sound systems: "When two organ pipes of the same pitch are placed side by side, complications arise which frequently give rise to practical problems. In extreme cases the pipes may diminish one another and become silent; even when the mutual influence is moderate it may reach the point where the pipes play in perfect harmony, in spite of the unavoidable small differences." Thus, Rayleigh observed not only mutual synchronization, when two different but similar pipes begin to play in harmony, but also the correlated effect of vibration damping, when coupling causes the suppression of vibrations in the interacting systems.

[0049] In many natural situations, there is an interaction between several oscillators: if two oscillators (mechanical or not) can modify their rhythm, then many systems can do so too.

[0050] Apart from the various possible dynamical systems and coupling arrangements between the oscillators, an important aspect of the overall behavior of a group of interacting oscillators is the transition from a disordered state to a synchronized situation (a more ordered state) when the strength of the coupling between the systems exceeds a critical threshold. The Kuramoto model [8] constitutes a simplified description of the dynamics of a group of interacting oscillators, where the mechanisms of the emergence and maintenance of synchrony are explained.

[0051] In its original version, this is distributed according to a probability density g(ω) and has a natural frequency ω coupled proportional to the sine of the phase difference. i Phase θ i We present it as a population of N oscillators with (t).

[0052]

number

[0053] The factor 1 / N ensures good behavior of the model in the thermodynamic limit N → ∞, while K represents the coupling strength. Clearly, for K = 0 the oscillator has its natural frequency, ω i Each evolves according to.

[0054] This equation therefore describes the dynamics of a population of coupled oscillators on an arbitrary topology, which can be used, for example, as a model for the dynamics of power distribution networks or for biological systems interacting at different levels.

[0055] The invention is based on the availability of an electronic architecture in which an active oscillator, which is frequency agile in its operating band (i.e. free), acts as an active stimulus to a group of more or less complex oscillators forming an integral part of the biological material to be examined. The operating band of an active oscillator is determined by a specific characteristic frequency ω of the oscillator to be synchronized. i The coupling vector between the active and interacting oscillators consists of the electromagnetic field of the stimulus.

[0056] One of the most important aspects for the method and apparatus to function properly is the use of both: (i) the corresponding frequency band between the stimulation transducer frequency and the biological transducer frequency; (ii) A coupling coefficient K, which can be experimentally calibrated and thus allows the synchronization phenomenon to be converted into an interference mode as described below.

[0057] It is also clear that if the coupling vector should be an electromagnetic field, the oscillatory elements of the network must have the privilege of interacting with the stimulating field of, for example, an active oscillator. In fact, the field will act mainly on the ionic charges and dipole moments belonging to the biomolecular structures.

[0058] The active source must be free to interact with the elementary components of the biological medium to create specific coupling patterns, linked to the principle of minimization of the energy of the overall eigenstate, which describes the coupled system formed of active external sources and a passive network of oscillators.

[0059] Below it will be seen that during the stimulation (pump) conditions the vibrating material behaves in a very specific way with respect to the probe field.

[0060] The description of the collective behavior of biological oscillators synchronized by a stimulus field in terms of frequency (see also Fig. 1) is given by F. Kaiser's theory [9]. The collective motion of tissues is hypothetically defined to have an oscillation frequency of ω0. In his model of interaction between non-ionizing radiation and biological materials, Kaiser considers a possible competitive interaction between low-frequency external electromagnetic oscillations (slow oscillations) and high-frequency internal oscillations (fast oscillations) of the irradiated biological system, as well as an interaction governed by the external oscillation frequency W, the internal oscillation frequency ω0 and the external oscillation force F0 (see Fig. 2).

[0061] It has been shown that when an internal oscillation of frequency ω0 is disturbed by a force F0 and an external oscillation of frequency W much lower than ω0, the internal oscillation goes through a series of quasi-periodic and irregular or aperiodic states as F0 increases until it becomes perfectly synchronized. At this point, the internal oscillation has synchronized its original frequency with the new externally set frequency W and oscillates with a constant amplitude F0. This phenomenon is highly dependent on W and F0.

[0062] It should be noted that during the time t required for the complete synchronization of the internal oscillations with the new externally set values ​​of W and F0, there are moments when the internal oscillation phenomena reach a quasi-periodic and aperiodic state. At the end of the synchronization process, when the frequency and intensity of the internal oscillations have stabilized at the externally set values, a new oscillation order is reached, in the sense that the molecular processes acted upon by the external radiation continue in an orderly manner, but with the new frequency and intensity values ​​(see the example in Figure 2).

[0063] There is another possibility of interaction between external and internal vibrations in F. Kaiser's model (graph A in Fig. 3). If the frequency W of the external vibration is equal to the frequency ω0 of the internal oscillatory process, then after a certain time of external stimulation there will be an amplitude jump in the internal vibration, which will maintain the same frequency (resonant excitation). On the other hand, if the frequency W is much lower than the frequency ω0, then after a time t the amplitude and frequency W will jump to a lower vibration (graph B in Fig. 3).

[0064] Operating principle: Biological phase conjugation Nonlinear and parametric processes are central to the propagation modes of waves in complex environments. They are at the heart of many applications in high frequency optics and acoustics.

[0065] In optics, the possibility of generating phase conjugation through processes such as four-wave mixing and creating a "phase conjugate mirror" (see figure 4) is well known. When a monochromatic point source launches waves through an optical nonlinear crystal, the phase conjugate mirror generates counter-propagating waves, which are refocused at the same position as the source. This behavior shows how under these conditions the crystal behaves like a time reversal device.

[0066] It is important to note that the effect of the pump wave is equivalent to a time modulation of the refractive index at twice the frequency of the signal used.

[0067] Recently, the possibility of obtaining phase conjugation on acoustic waves in liquids through the induction of the Faraday instability

[10] has been discovered and demonstrated: in this case, pumping is performed mechanically with one single vibration source, which vibrates the liquid in competition with gravity.

[0068] This document discloses the ability of biological media to behave like a phase conjugate mirror when subjected to an electromagnetic pump stimulus.

[0069] In the extracellular space there is a large amount of water with many ions dissolved in it. When the frequency of the external pumping field induces charge anisotropy (separation of positive ions from negative ions) caused by the fact that ions of different signs are accelerated in both directions, strong local electrostatic forces are generated which try to reabsorb the spatial anisotropy in some way.

[0070] High frequency oscillations induce spatiotemporal modulations of the local dielectric constant in biological media, similar to plasma oscillations, when the separation between positive and negative ions is no longer negligible.

[0071] In the present case, an electro-medical system 1 for the non-invasive diagnosis of tumor diseases is used to activate phase conjugation in a biological medium (ie a patient).

[0072] The steps for activating phase conjugation in a biological medium are therefore as follows. a) An electromagnetic pump signal is activated by the oscillator with particular frequency agility, which can preferably, but not necessarily, vary in separate sub-bands in the range 300MHz-2800MHz, for example, but not necessarily, 900MHz-960MHz, 1800MHz-1920MHz. The electromagnetic pump signal acts as an activation drive stimulus for the passive biological oscillator (charge). The coupling vector is the electromagnetic field due to the radiation pressure connected to it, mainly on the longitudinal field component. The stimulation frequency must be close to that of the possible vibrations of the biological oscillator (usually, but not necessarily, 20% of the nominal frequency value). b) After a pre-stimulation period, which may vary from a few seconds to 30 seconds, the elementary oscillators of the biological medium resonate and enter a synchronized coherent state. c) The synchronized coherent structures of the medium present a spatiotemporal modulation of the dielectric constant with a period equal to twice the stimulus period.

[0073] The electromagnetic pump signal constitutes in the present invention a parametric excitation of the biological tissue comparable to a state of Faraday instability. If the tissue is outside its homeostatic state, the periodic oscillation of the stimulus induces its coherent destabilization, like the Faraday instability for a liquid interface (see, for example, FIG. 7). This instability can be detected by interacting it with a second electromagnetic probe signal impinging on the biological medium.

[0074] If the frequency of the electromagnetic probe signal is equal to the modulation frequency of the dielectric permeability, which is equal to half the frequency of the electromagnetic pump signal, then the interaction of the participating signals will produce an idler beam in response, reversing both in time and in wave vector.

[0075] It has thus been shown that a chaotic and therefore far from homeostatic biological material synchronized by an electromagnetic pump signal acts like a phase conjugate mirror on a second incident beam, giving rise to a third response beam that is inverted in both time and propagation direction.

[0076] The response waves are refocused to any initial source, allowing the external assessment and measurement of certain properties of the material under test, i.e. in a non-homeostatic state, by following a reverse non-invasive procedure.

[0077] Methods and systems It is well known that tumor cell membranes have different electrochemical properties and a different charge distribution compared to normal tissues

[11] . The homeostasis of tissues in which tumor neoplasia exists is completely lost, which can be analyzed by the method and electromedical system 1 of the present invention.

[0078] Figures 7, 8 and 9 show diagrammatically different results obtained during application of the method and electro-medical system 1 according to the invention.

[0079] Among many changes compared to healthy cells, tumor cells have lower potassium concentrations and higher sodium and (among other things) water content than normal cells [12-14]. As a result, cancer cells exhibit a greater dielectric constant and interact differently with normal cells when an external electromagnetic field is applied. This property is exploited by conventional imaging systems that use probing electromagnetic fields (microwave tomography).

[0080] The present invention does not use the principles of radio tomography.

[0081] The electro-medical system 1 for applying the above-mentioned method essentially consists of an electromagnetic source unit 2, a receiving unit 3, a multi-band and multi-channel antenna 4, suitably connected to each other (see Figure 5), and software installed on a computer for processing the data (processing unit 5).

[0082] In other words, an electro-medical system 1 for non-invasive diagnosis of oncological diseases is described, comprising an electromagnetic source unit 2, a receiving unit 3, a multi-band and multi-channel antenna 4, and a processing unit 5 with data processing software.

[0083] The electromagnetic source unit 2 forms the active generating and transmitting part of the electro-medical system 1. The electromagnetic source unit 2 is configured to generate and emit electromagnetic pump, probe, and test and reference signals.

[0084] In particular, according to suitable configurations, the signals can be emitted by physically separate radio frequency antennas and generators or the signal radiation and / or generation parts can be shared. The electromagnetic source unit 2 gives rise to several spectral and spatial field components, which have specific roles and functions. In terms of radiation properties, the near-field components act essentially reactively with the oscillators of the biological network and act as pump stimuli. The radiation field (probe field) components, which interact with the material to be pumped, interact electromagnetically with the vibrating material and initiate a coherent movement by interaction with the electromagnetic pump signal.

[0085] In particular, the electromagnetic source unit 2 may include a pump antenna and a probe antenna for emitting an electromagnetic pump signal and an electromagnetic probe signal, respectively.

[0086] Any modulation can be superimposed on the radiated signal, usually continuous wave (CW), to implement an adaptive technique to search for the best pump synchronization frequency. The frequency of the electromagnetic pump signal can preferably, but not necessarily, vary in separate sub-bands ranging from 300 MHz to 2800 MHz. Since the probe frequency is equal to half the pump frequency, the frequencies of the probe and test and reference electromagnetic signals are consequently bounded to the above band.

[0087] To obtain effective scanning on several bands simultaneously, a harmonic generator (in the electromagnetic source unit 2) can be used, and the various fundamental and harmonic bands can have the role of pump and probe and are interchangeable.

[0088] In other words, the electromagnetic source unit 2 may include a harmonic generator that generates an electromagnetic pump signal and an electromagnetic probe signal.

[0089] The signal generation must guarantee frequency agility, which is a function of the frequency separation between the pump source and the biological oscillator. Typically, a value of 20% of the nominal frequency value is required to tune and synchronize to the frequency of a passive biological oscillator. This frequency agility can be obtained by a free oscillator or by scanning in frequency controlled through analog and / or digital techniques.

[0090] The amplitude of the signal transmitted in the area of ​​contact with the biological tissue is preferably, but not necessarily, in the range of 2 V / m to 20 V / m. This level of amplitude can be used as a synchronization parameter. Synchronization is related to nonlinear phenomena.

[0091] In further detail, the electromagnetic source unit 2 includes an antenna which notably emits an electromagnetic pump signal and an electromagnetic probe signal.

[0092] Preferably, the antenna of the electromagnetic source unit 2 has impedance matching in the band of use to allow a precise radiation level, equal to a return loss of -20 dB.

[0093] The receiving unit 3 is configured to receive and measure the amplitude and phase of the signal generated by the electromagnetic source unit 2 , captured by the multi-band and multi-channel antenna 4 .

[0094] The multi-band and multi-channel antenna 4 acts as a spatial and spectral filter by virtue of its radiating configuration being an array of independent and separated elements suitably distributed in space, for example to map the distribution of the received field.

[0095] An optical fiber link 6 (of the electro-medical system 1) connects the electromagnetic source unit 2 to a local transducer in the receiving unit 3, allowing reception of a field that is coherent in terms of amplitude and phase. Command and control signals also travel on the optical fiber 6 between the receiving unit 3 and the electromagnetic source unit 2.

[0096] The receiving unit 3 must allow the reception of signals that correlate themselves in space and time, and, if necessary, demodulation of said signals. The modulation of the test and reference signals can be deliberately provided by the electromagnetic source unit 2, but it can also be superimposed on the test and reference signals and associated with phenomena such as the micro-Doppler phenomenon, which suggests an oscillatory dynamics within the biological medium, i.e. carriers of information about the ordered or disordered state of tissue homeostasis. The analysis of the superimposed modulation is considered important for any identification of the main biomolecular assemblies (proteins, bound water, ions, etc.) that constitute the synchronized biological oscillators.

[0097] Multi-channel and multi-frequency reception must be performed in real time and simultaneously on all channels, or if a switching system is used, the switching must be fast enough to allow spatial mapping of the signal phase and amplitude so that the latency for reading is negligible relative to the physical changes in the signal to be received. As a result, signal switching and reading must be performed with a total period of less than 0.04 seconds for each measurement frame.

[0098] The computer (processing unit 5) makes it possible, by means of software, to display on a screen in real time the amplitude of the signal measured by the receiving unit 3.

[0099] The diagnosis of the state of homeostasis is carried out on the basis of signals indicating the presence of said state by the measurement of the detected interferences, by the biological phase conjugation mechanism. Appropriate selection rules and algorithms combining the analysis of various signals are the basis for identifying critical thresholds and interference levels. This concept is also shown diagrammatically in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9.

[0100] The logic of the electro-medical system 1 is based on interferometric electromagnetic interactions between test and reference signals and phase conjugate signals, which result from the interaction of the electromagnetic probe signal with collective and cooperative effects induced by the electromagnetic pump signal.

[0101] The coherent radiation beam coming from the transmitter of this electro-medical system 1 locally excites dipole resonance oscillations that mediate the transport of energy in the biological system.

[0102] In the case of tumor metabolism, nonlinear coupling of elastic and dipole vibrations of DNA, proteins and membranes in a state of non-homeostasis to the pump signal leads to the transition of the system into a state of parametric Faraday instability (see also Figure 7).

[0103] Under the action of the radiation of the invention, the induced parametric instabilities behave like a biological phase conjugate mirror, whose activation is identified and quantified by mapping of the fields received from the antenna 4 (see also FIG. 7). The diagnosis of said conditions, which also defines the diagnostic and prognostic differentiation level of the altered biological condition, is therefore a simple and immediate process due to the correlation phase between the disease and the distribution of the detected fields.

[0104] The receiving unit 3 is connected to an array of independent antennas, which in their arrangement allow the analytical reconstruction of the incident wavefront coming from the interaction of the field of the electromagnetic source unit 2 with the living tissue. Holographic algorithms allow qualitative information on the tissue health to be graphically displayed in real time on the display 15, said information being then quantified by a subsequent post-processing phase and correlated on a database of already stored experimental data. Machine learning and classification phases are part of the post-processing subsystem.

[0105] As a non-limiting example of an application of the method and system, a procedure according to the invention for extracting information about the homeostasis of prostate tissue is described.

[0106] The examination is non-invasive and therefore can be performed directly on the patient without the risk of side effects. The patient stands in front of the array of antennas 4 at a distance of 110-160 centimeters from this. Once all the receiving and transmitting devices associated with the electromagnetic source unit 2 and the receiving unit 3 are connected and activated, as in the configuration of Fig. 5, the pump antenna (of the electromagnetic source unit 2) that emits the electromagnetic pump signal is placed close to the prostate organ. The pump antenna must be placed in the area of ​​the anatomical window, such as those used for ultrasound examinations, through which the stimulation signal can reach the tissue of the organ under examination. In the case of the prostate, the anatomical windows that can be used are the perineum and the suprapubic area. The source (antenna) that gives rise to the electromagnetic probe signal is also placed in the same anatomical window. The electromagnetic probe signal interacts with the tissue as explained in the previous paragraph. As in the diagrams of Fig. 5 and Fig. 12, the array of antennas 4 receives the interference signal. The organ is explored by moving the source (probe 8) through tight clothing but in contact with the epidermis as much as possible, and by moving said source in rotation relative to the axis of the body.

[0107] The representation of the wavefront received from the array represents a measure of the level of phase conjugation achieved in the stimulated tissue.

[0108] system The electromedical system 1 for non-invasive diagnosis of oncological diseases essentially consists of an electromagnetic source unit 2, a receiving unit 3, a multi-band and multi-channel antenna, suitably connected to each other and interacting with each other, as already explained, and software installed on a computer for data processing (processing unit 5).

[0109] An electromagnetic source unit 2 forms the active generating and transmitting part of the system, from which the pump, probe, as well as test and reference signals are generated and emitted.

[0110] In this implementation, the electromagnetic source unit 2 is housed in a handpiece (probe 8) that can be held in the hand and used to scan the area under examination. In particular, the probe 8 is configured to be placed in contact with the area of ​​the patient under examination during scanning.

[0111] The electromagnetic source unit 2 includes a free vibrator 9 capable of generating RF signals at fundamental frequency, at UHF band frequencies and at harmonics thereof. In addition to power supply circuits (with a relatively high capacity lithium battery 10) and control circuits (e.g. monitoring the correct operation of the vibrator and the battery charge state), the handpiece (probe 8) also includes a high speed fiber optic transmitter 19, which picks off a portion of the vibrator 9 signal and transmits it in the optical fiber 6. The probe 8 also includes a circuit for managing the charging of the lithium battery using a 5V external power supply 11 (e.g. standard USB). In particular, the probe 8 also includes a battery charger 17.

[0112] On the handpiece (on the probe 8) there are four control buttons 12: A, B, C, D. Key presses must be signalled together with information about which key was pressed and for this purpose an optical carrier over fibre enabling line will be used. The "key press" event and the "key number" information will be transmitted by coded modulation of an optical signal. This modulated signal can also transmit other information about the operating state of the probe 8 and the battery charge level.

[0113] The receiving unit 3 includes three receiving channels 21 which simultaneously receive the signal transmitted by the probe 8 at the fundamental frequency and at the second and third harmonics. Each receiving channel 21 includes an amplifier 13, a radio frequency filter 14 and an I / Q mixer with a low pass filter at the output, and receives the in-phase and quadrature components of the received signal with respect to the transmitted signal, thus allowing amplitude and phase measurements.

[0114] The local oscillator signals start from the test and reference signals received via the optical fiber 6 from the probe 8 and are generated by appropriate amplifiers 13 and filters 14 (fundamental frequency F1) and also multipliers x2 (frequency F2) and x3 (frequency F3) for each of the receive channels 21. Thus, the received signals and the local oscillator signals are essentially at the same frequency and the output of the I / Q mixer is represented by a DC voltage proportional to the amplitude of the received signal multiplied respectively by the sine and cosine of the phase difference between the received signal and the reference signal.

[0115] Any out of band disturbances present even at frequencies very close to the measurement frequency will cause oscillating signals at the output of the I / Q mixer and can be removed by a low pass low frequency filtering stage.

[0116] The antenna 4 includes dipole elements 7 (suggestively, but not exclusively, 9, 32, 64 or 128 elements), receives in broadband and has reduced dimensions (suggestively, but not exclusively, a few centimetres) allowing the measurement of the electromagnetic field generated by a probe 8 interacting with the part or organ of the patient under examination at different points on its surface located at a given distance, suggestively 1 m to 2 m.

[0117] The receiving elements 7 of the antenna 4 may be passive broadband elements (e.g., biconical dipoles or Vivaldi antennas) or elements (e.g., inductively or capacitively charged dipoles) that resonate at one of the received frequencies, typically the probing frequency. These elements are decoupled from the signal cable by, for example, a ferrite balun.

[0118] The receiving element 7 of the antenna 4 can also consist of an active element (e.g. a very small dipole relative to the wavelength with an integrated wideband amplifier). In this case it is possible to achieve sufficient measurement sensitivity with a very small receiving element and thus measure the signal received on the measurement plane with a reduced spacing between the measurement points (e.g. 1 / 5 to 1 / 10 of the wavelength).

[0119] 10, the signal received from each single element 7 of the antenna 4 is transmitted to the receiving unit 3 by a high isolation high frequency switch device 19 (suggestively at least 80 dB). This high isolation switch device 19 may consist of a switch and one or more light isolation circuit breakers (e.g. 40 dB each) to obtain the required level of isolation. The switches and circuit breakers should consist of PIN diodes, MOSFET switches or equivalent systems to provide short switching times (suggestively on the order of 1 μs).

[0120] An input switch (switch device 19) makes it possible to isolate the input of the receiving unit 3 from the antenna 4 and also to connect it to an internal signal generator to perform zero setting and calibration of the I / Q mixers of the three receiving channels 21.

[0121] The wideband signal coming from the selected antenna 4 is then separated by a separator filter 20 (diplexer) (in the receiving unit 3) into its three main components (fundamental, second and third harmonic) and transmitted to three receiving channels 21.

[0122] 11, a controller 18 of the receiving unit 3 controls the input switches and circuit breakers and reads the amplitudes of the signals I (in-phase) and Q (out-of-phase) by suitable separate A / D converters 22 with fast conversion times (suggestively 1 μs or less per sample). To optimize acquisition speed and isolation between the receiving channels 21, two A / D converters 22 are used for each receiving channel 21 (to simultaneously read signals I and Q 23).

[0123] Furthermore, it is also possible to take an average between several consecutive measurements in order to improve the sensitivity of the receiving unit 3. Suggestively, at the above mentioned A / D conversion rates, 256 averages per antenna 4 and receiving channel 21 allows more than 20 measurements per second on an antenna 4 complete with 128 receiving elements 7.

[0124] In addition, the controller 18 also periodically performs zeroing and calibration measurements of the receive channel 21, measurements of the frequency of the signal received from the probe 8, and measurements of the internal temperature of the I / Q mixer (for any correction of its temperature response).

[0125] All measured data, and in particular data of the signals read for each of the elements of the antenna 4 and for the three frequency bands, are then transmitted to a computer (processing unit 5) for further processing operations, presentation and storage of the results (in memory 16). The data are transmitted to the computer (processing unit 5) by means of a LAN network and TCP / IP protocol.

[0126] The firmware of the controller 18 of the receiving unit 3 is configured in such a way that the receiving unit 3 can work completely independent of the controller 18. The firmware of the receiving unit 3 periodically and sequentially performs zero setting and calibration measurements, temperature measurements and measurements of the signals received from all elements 7 of the antenna 4.

[0127] All measured data of each single measurement cycle are then transmitted in a single data package with appropriate coding to minimize the size and load of the LAN network, the coding used and the speed of the LAN network (suggestively 100 Mbps or more) being more than sufficient for the transmission of all data measured with the maximum number of antenna elements scheduled in real time during the measurement.

[0128] Low level operations in the receiving unit 3 are performed by hardware devices interfaced with the microprocessor of the receiving unit 3 and it is therefore natural and appropriate for these operations to be managed locally by the internal microprocessor.

[0129] Operations at higher hierarchical levels are performed by code running on the embedded operating system (Linux) or by code running on a PC / external console. In the second case, it is easier to make the changes to the software, and therefore, after estimating the impact on throughput, this second option was chosen, which is convenient but not essential.

[0130] In summary, the functions implemented on the microprocessor of the receiving unit 3 include one or more of the following: 1. Initialization and configuration of the micro's peripherals, 2. Initialize and configure the chip of the receiving unit 3; 3. Management of the procedure parameters that will be read from the file, in particular Low-level register write / read requests, Averaging at A / D module speed Request to write / read operating parameters, -Perform offset zero setting, Request for scanning of a predefined set of antennas, - Frequency-only measurements required, Management of interrupt servicing functions such as timers / counters for frequency measurements, coding of messages received from the probe 8 by modulation of an optical signal in the optical fiber 6 (type of key, state of the probe 8, battery voltage, etc.); - Management and notification of abnormal conditions; 4. Cyclic transmission (UDP streaming) of the following: parameters arriving from probe 8 (button state, battery voltage, state of probe 8, etc.), Frequency reading, - Receiver chip temperature, Zero and calibration I, Q samples for each of the three channels 21 · n=1...N, currently reading (I1, Q1, I2, Q2, I3, Q3) n repeated for N=9.

[0131] The processing unit 5 includes: a) a unit for managing the reception via Ethernet of packages arriving from a receiving unit 3, which Receiving measurement data via UDP streaming and organizing them into a suitable structure; Receiving and decoding the timing values ​​coming from the probe 8 buttons; b) a unit for processing the measurement data, Calibration is applied to the raw data, The modules and phases for each channel of each antenna 4 are calculated, The actual frequency is calculated starting from the raw values, A data structure is constructed containing the time series of images coming from the three channels 21 (a circular buffer of clusters of 2D arrays) c) a control and display unit, where A state machine keeps track of the operating context (live / freeze / slow motion / save measurements / … / error) The current image (cluster of array 2D) (state: live), the last image acquired before stopping (state: frozen), or the image selected by the operator (state: slow motion) is sent to the display section. The selected image is saved on disk (suggesting the operator a context-sensitive title, selectable via a button from a small predefined set).

[0132] The measurement phase can be remotely activated by four buttons using a fiber optic transmission channel, allowing the operator to: Freeze the live image seen on the display Select the best possible signal pattern (with slow-motion effect) Attributing the measurements to one of the physical locations (which will be used for the final statistics) · Store this correlated data Return to measurement mode.

[0133] This software, by means of indications provided by graphs, icons and specific text messages, is able to indicate on the screen the presence of malfunctions in the system in the following cases: The data line is not working / does not exist / is occupied by another application Out of range frequency Lack of high frequencies Battery charge level.

[0134] Correct operation of the electrical medical system 1 is highlighted by graphic messages and icons.

[0135] The main features of the system configuration are therefore one or more of the following: Transmission by the probe 8 of test and reference signals to the receiving unit 3 by optical fiber 6. This solution limits the possibility of measurement disturbances by the reference signal transmission connection (eg via a coaxial cable). Locking the receiving unit 3 directly onto the signal transmitted by the probe 8. This solution completely eliminates the risk of the receiver locking onto an unwanted signal and maximizes the rejection of interference from other signals that may be present in the RF band. Furthermore, the above configuration allows simultaneous measurement of the in-phase and quadrature components (or equivalently, amplitude and phase) of the received signal. the use of an array antenna 4 with switched receiving elements 7. In this way it is possible to measure the field generated by the probe 8 interacting with the patient's body at different points on a surface (antenna surface) located at a given distance, thus obtaining more information that improves the reliability of the diagnosis; and · The use of three receive channels 21 (and corresponding filters and diplexers 20) and separate A / D converters for fast conversion and transmission of data to the controller 18. This configuration makes it possible to perform measurements at high speed and on the three frequencies of the system (fundamental and second and third harmonics) and thus to build up in real time an image (amplitude and phase) of the field distribution on the surface of the antenna 4.

[0136] References [1] H. Fricke and S. Morse, The Electric Capacity of Tumors of the Breast, J. Cancer Res. 16 (1926) 340. [2] PRC Gascoyne et al., Dielectrophoretic Separation of Cancer Cells from Blood, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 33 (1997) 670. [3] S. Sahu et al., Live Visualizations of Single Isolated Tubulin Protein Self-Assembly via Tunneling Current: Effect of Electromagnetic Pumping During Spontaneous Growth of Microtubule, Sci. Rep. 4 (2014) 7303. [4] See the two movies on: http: / / www.nature.com / article-as-sets / npg / srep / 2014 / 141203 / srep07303 / etref / srep07303-s3.avi; e http: / / www.nature.com / article-as-sets / npg / srep / 2014 / 141203 / srep07303 / etref / srep07303-s2.avi [5] M.L. Martins, A.B. Dinitzen, E. Mamontov, et al. Water dynamics in MCF-7 breast cancer cells: a neutron scattering descriptive study, Sci Rep 9, 8704 (2019). [6] R.C. Ford, et al. Inelastic Incoherent Neutron Scattering Measurements of Intact Cells and Tissues and Detection of Interfacial Water, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 4682- 4688 (2004). [7] B. Vinata, Lokeshwar, Diego Rubinowicz, Grethchen, L. Schroeder, E. Forgacsi, J. D. Minna, N. L. Block, and M. Nadji, and B. L. Lokeshwar, Stromal and Epithelial Expression of Tumor Markers Hyaluronic Acid and HYAL1 Hyaluronidase in Prostate Cancer, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 276, 11922-11932, 2001. [8] Y. Kuramoto (1984). Chemical Oscillations, Waves, and Turbulence. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag. [9] F. Kaiser (1988) Theory of Non-Linear Excitations, in: Frohlich H. (eds) Biological Coherence and Response to External Stimuli. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. V. Bacot, G. Durey, A. Eddi, M. Fink, E. Fort, Phase-conjugate mirror for water waves driven by the Faraday instability. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA, 2019 Apr 30;116(18):8809-8814. JC Cure, On the Electrical Characteristics of Cancer. Second International Congress of Electrochemical Treatment of Cancer, Jupiter (Florida), October 1995.

[10] CD Cone, Variation of the Transmembrane Potential Level as a Basic Mecha-nism of Mitosis Control, Oncology 24 (1970) 438.

[11] CD Cone, The Role of Surface Electrical Transmembrane Potential in Normal and Malignant Mitogenesis, Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 238 (1975) 420.

[12] FW Cope, A Medical Application of the Ling Association-Induction Hypothesis: The High Potassium, Low Sodium Diet of the Gerson Cancer Therapy, Physiol. Chem. Phys. 10 (1978) 465. [Explanation of symbols]

[0137] 1 Electrical Medical Systems 2. Electromagnetic source unit 3 Receiving unit 4 Antennas, Multi-Band and Multi-Channel Antennas 5 Processing Unit 6 Optical fiber, optical fiber link 7 Dipole element 8 Probes 9 Transducers 10 Lithium battery 11 External power supply 12 Control Buttons 13 Amplifier 14 Filters, radio frequency filters 15 Display 16 Memory 17 Battery Charger 18 Controller 19 High-speed optical fiber transmitter 19 Switch devices, high-isolation high-frequency switch devices 20 Separator Filter 21 Receiving Channels 22 A / D Converter 23 Signal

Claims

1. Electromagnetic source unit (2), Receiving unit (3), A multiband and multichannel antenna (4), A processing unit (5) equipped with data processing software, Includes, The electromagnetic source unit (2) is configured to generate and emit electromagnetic pump signals, electromagnetic probe signals, and test and reference signals. The receiving unit (3) is configured to receive signals generated by the electromagnetic source unit (2) and captured by the multiband and multichannel antenna (4) during use, and to measure the amplitude and phase of the electromedical system (1), The electromedical system (1) is configured to analyze the electromagnetic interaction between the phase-conjugated signal obtained by the interaction of the collective and coordinated effects induced by the electromagnetic pump signal and the electromagnetic probe signal, and the test and reference signals. The electromagnetic source unit (2) is configured such that the pump signal frequency changes in separate subbands in the range of 300 MHz to 2800 MHz, and the frequencies of the electromagnetic probe signal and the test and reference signals are equal to half the pump frequency. Electromedical system for non-invasive diagnosis of neoplastic diseases (1).

2. The electromedical system according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic pump signal is configured to cause parametric excitation of biological tissue.

3. The electromedical system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electromagnetic source unit (2) may include a harmonic generator for generating the electromagnetic pump signal and the electromagnetic probe signal.

4. The electromedical system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the electromagnetic source unit (2) includes a free oscillator configured to generate RF signals at a fundamental frequency, at a UHF band frequency, and at its harmonics.

5. The electromedical system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising a probe (8) in which the electromagnetic source unit (2) is housed, the probe (8) being handheld and configured for use in scanning an area under examination.

6. The electromedical system according to claim 5, wherein the receiving unit (3) includes three receiving channels for simultaneously receiving signals transmitted by the probe (8) at the fundamental frequency and at second and third harmonics.

7. The system according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the probe (8) also includes a power supply circuit, a control circuit, and a high-speed optical fiber transmitter (19) that extracts a portion of the signal from the oscillator of the electromagnetic source unit (2) and transmits it in an optical fiber.

8. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the receiving unit (3) is configured to receive signals and correlate them in space and time.

9. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the multiband and multichannel antenna (4) is configured to act as a spatial and spectral filter by its radiating configuration, which is an array of independent, isolated receiving elements (7) that are dispersed in space to map the distribution of received signals.

10. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the antenna (4) is configured to receive in a broadband and enable measurement of an electromagnetic field generated by the probe (8), and includes a dipole element (7) that interacts with a part or organ of the patient being examined at different points on a surface located at a given distance.

11. The system according to claim 10, wherein the dipole element (7) is a passive broadband element, an element that resonates at one of the received frequencies, or an active element.

12. The electromedical system according to claim 10 or 11, further comprising a highly insulated high-frequency switch device (19) configured to enable the transmission of signals received by each dipole element (7) to the receiving unit (3).

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