Pest-killing mixture

Abstract

The present invention relates to a novel combination of active compounds comprising novaluron and at least one further active compound, as well as to a method for controlling pests comprising applying said combination.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] This specification claims the benefit of three Indian provisional patent applications: Indian Provisional Patent Application No. 202131015784, filed on April 2, 2021; Indian Provisional Patent Application No. 202131015786, filed on April 2, 2021; and Indian Provisional Patent Application No. 202111028811, filed on June 26, 2021, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] Throughout this application, various publications are cited. The disclosures of the publications and publications mentioned herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties into this application.

[0003] The present invention relates to a novel combination of active compounds comprising novaluron and at least one further active compound, as well as to a method for controlling pests comprising applying said combination. [Background technology]

[0004] The susceptibility of crops to pests makes pest control one of the major management components of the total crop production system. Insects are very destructive to crop plants and can significantly reduce crop yield and quality. Insecticides help minimize this damage by controlling pests. Many pesticidal agents and compositions are commercially available for these purposes.

[0005] Combinations of insecticides are typically used to broaden the spectrum of control, minimize the dose of chemicals used, delay the development of resistance, and reduce the cost of treatment through additive effects. Many combinations of insecticides have been studied, but synergistic effects are rarely achieved.

[0006] Furthermore, the activity and selectivity behavior of a particular mixture is difficult to predict because the behavior of each single pesticide in the mixture is often affected by the presence of the other components, and the activity of the mixture can also vary considerably with chemical properties, plant species, developmental stage, and environmental conditions. To a large extent, doing so results in a reduction in the activity of the pesticides in the mixture.

[0007] Practical agricultural experience has shown that the repeated and exclusive application of individual active compounds in controlling pests often leads to the selection of those pests that have developed a natural or adapted resistance to the active compound in question, and effective control of these pests with the active compound in question is then no longer possible.

[0008] Another difficulty with the use of pesticides is that repeated and exclusive application of individual pesticide compounds often leads to the rapid selection of pests that have developed natural or adaptive resistance to the active compound in question.Therefore, there is a need for pest control agents that help prevent or overcome resistance.Today, mixtures of different active compounds are conventionally used to control pests in order to reduce the risk that pests become resistant to a certain active compound.By combining active compounds with different modes of action, it is possible to ensure successful control over a relatively long period of time.

[0009] Insect growth regulators (IGRs) are substances that disrupt and / or inhibit the life cycle of pest insects. IGRs include juvenile hormone mimetics, ecdysone agonists and chitin synthesis inhibitors. As insects grow, they molt and grow a new exoskeleton underneath their old one, then IGRs prevent insects from reaching maturity by interfering with the molting process. This inhibits infestations because immature insects cannot reproduce. Because IGRs work by interfering with the insect molting process, they take longer to kill than traditional insecticides that have an immediate or fast-acting knockdown effect.

[0010] The active compounds described herein below are known, for example, from "The Pesticide Manual", 11th Edition, 1997, published by the British Crop Protection Council. Novaluron is described on page 888. Novaluron is a benzoyl urea with the chemical formula (+)-l-[3-chloro-4-(1,1,2-trifluoro-2-trifluoromethoxyethoxy)phenyl]-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)urea. Novaluron of the formula [ka] It is already known that can be used to control animal pests, in particular insects.

[0011] Novaluron acts primarily by ingestion and contact. It disrupts cuticle formation after proglottid abscission, resulting in phalates and subsequent thinning of the cuticle. This disruption of new cuticle formation results in failure to molt during the molting process. Novaluron is commonly used to control a broad range of pests, including Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Diptera. Recommended application rates for Novaluron depend on the target pest and range from approximately 1 to 1000 g ai / ha.

[0012] Diacylhydrazine insecticides are ecdysone agonists that exhibit excellent insecticidal activity by inducing precocious molting. These insecticides target Lepidoptera but are harmless to beneficial insects. These compounds mimic natural insect molting hormones by competitively binding to ecdysteroid receptors in insect cells, thereby prematurely inducing larval molting. Examples of diacylhydrazine insecticides include chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide.

[0013] Pyrethroid insecticides are organic compounds similar to the natural pyrethrins produced by the flowers of pyrethrum plants, such as Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium and C.coccineum. Pyrethroids, which are generally harmless to humans but are commonly used as commercial and household insecticides, are toxic to insects, such as bees, dragonflies, mayflies, horseflies, and some other invertebrates, primarily mediated by preventing the closure of voltage-gated sodium channels in the axonal membrane of insects. Pyrethroid insecticides include, but are not limited to, tau-fluvalinate, lambda-cyhalothrin, and bifenthrin.

[0014] Spinosyns, all of which have a macrocyclic lactone structure, were isolated from the actinomycete soil bacterium Saccharopolyspora spinosa. Spinosyns and spinosoids are a family of broad spectrum insecticides, including spinosad and spinetoram, which have been developed to treat insects with serotiny and other allergies. Spinosyns and spinosoids have a novel mechanism of action that primarily targets a binding site on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) of the insect nervous system that is distinct from the sites at which other insecticides have their activity. Spinosad has been used worldwide for the control of a variety of pests, including those in the orders Lepidoptera, Diptera, Thysanoptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera, and Hymenoptera, and many others, including thrips.

[0015] Spiropydione and spirotetramat belong to the same chemical class (tetramic acids, cyclic ketoenols) of insecticides that act as acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors. These insecticides act as ACC inhibitors and are active against piercing-sucking insects, such as aphids, mites, and whiteflies, by interfering with lipid biosynthesis in the insects.

[0016] The chemical class of METI (mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor) acaricides and insecticides, such as tolfenpyrad, act by inhibiting cellular respiration in insects, resulting in excellent knockdown efficacy. Tolfenpyrad is an ideal rotational chemistry with good residual efficacy to control a broad spectrum of pests, with excellent tank mix partners.

[0017] Pyridine organic compounds, such as flonicamid, a chordotonal modulator, are used as insecticides against aphids, whiteflies, and thrips. They disrupt the insect's chordotonal organs, which can affect hearing, balance, movement, and lead to feeding interruption. Their mechanism of action is different from other insecticides, such as neonicotinoids, pymetrozine, and pyrifluquinazon.

[0018] Chordotonal TRPV (transient receptor potential of vanilloid type) channel modulators, such as pymetrozine, afidopyropen, and pyrifluquinazone, specifically disrupt the feeding of plant sap-sucking insects. Pymetrozine, afidopyropen, and pyrifluquinazone can directly bind to the Nanchung (Nan) and Inactive (Iav) proteins of insects.

[0019] Aryl isoxazolines, such as fluxametamide and isocycloceram, are gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channel allosteric modulators that exhibit high broad-spectrum activity against various Lepidopteran, Thysanopteran and Dipteran pest species.Metadiamides, such as broflanilide, which are also GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulators, have broad-spectrum activity (crop and non-crop pests) and can be used in different crops to control Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, termites, ants, cockroaches and flies.

[0020] The insecticidal class of diamides (phthalic diamides and anthranilamides) act as highly specific ryanodine receptor (RyR) modulators. Cyclaniliprole and tetraniliprole are structural analogues of the anthranilamides, chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole in this class. Tetraniliprole has good activity against a broad range of pests including Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, leafminers, and selected other Diptera and aphids. It can be applied as a foliar and soil treatment from early to late. Cyclaniliprole is effective against leafy vegetables, cucurbits, fruit vegetables and Brassicas. sica) (Brassica) is a broad spectrum insecticide for use in vegetable crops. In addition to the diamide activity, Lepidoptera pests are also controlled.

[0021] Arylalkyloxypyrimidine compounds, such as benzpyrimoxane, effectively control rice planthoppers and leafhoppers with long-lasting effects.By inhibiting the molting of planthoppers and leafhoppers larvae, it reduces the number of insect populations in rice fields.This product has good selectivity and has only little effect on non-target organisms, such as pollinating insects and natural enemies.

[0022] A novel class of mesoionic pyrido[1,2-α]pyrimidinones, such as dichloromezothiaz, has insecticidal activity to control several insect species. It is a powerful insecticide that controls a wide range of Lepidoptera.

[0023] New quinoline insecticides, such as flometoquin, show good insecticidal activity against the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and the armyworm moth. It is a powerful insecticide that controls thrips, whiteflies and Lepidoptera.

[0024] Novel chemotype insecticides, such as flupirimine, are effective against major pests in rice, such as planthoppers and stem borers, including those populations that are resistant to existing insecticides. It binds to the acetylcholine site on the nicotinoyl acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), producing a range of symptoms in the insects, from hyperexcitability to lethargy and paralysis.

[0025] Arylethylsulfonyl compounds, such as oxazosulfil, show broad-spectrum control of pests, including Hemiptera, Coleoptera, and Lepidoptera.Because this compound has a broad insecticidal spectrum, it can develop into a large group of insecticides as a highly versatile pest control agent.

[0026] Cyclopyrazoflor is a member of the pyrazole class, an organofluorine compound. It is a potential insecticide for sap-inoculating insects. Pyrazolecarboxamide insecticides, such as zinzpropylidaz, have a pyridin-3-yl group and are effective against aphids.

[0027] Pyrrole compounds such as chlorfenapyr are members of the pyrrole class which are 4-bromo-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile substituted with ethoxymethyl, p-chlorophenyl and trifluoromethyl groups at positions 1, 2 and 5, respectively. Chlorfenapyr is used commercially for termite control and crop protection against a variety of insect and acarid pests.

[0028] Sulfoximines, such as sulfoxaflor, are an important and highly effective class of insecticides that are important and useful tools for growers to target difficult pests such as aphids and green mistletoe, and are also effective against pests that have become resistant to carbamate, neonicotinoid, organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides.

[0029] Furanicotinyl insecticides, such as dinotefuran, represent the third generation of the neonicotinoid group. Dinotefuran acts as an agonist of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that is highly active against certain silverleaf whitefly strains that have developed resistance to imidacloprid.

[0030] Organophosphates, such as acephate and malathion, are systemic insecticides that bind to and inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in nervous system tissues and are used to control sucking and biting insects by direct contact or ingestion on food crops, agricultural seeds and non-fruiting plants, institutional and commercial buildings including public health facilities, lawns, golf course turf, termite mounds, and horticultural nurseries.

[0031] Foliar contact insecticides or acaricides belonging to the chemical class of ketoenols, such as spiromesifen, have been used for the control of mites and whiteflies on vegetables, fruits, cotton and tea. Spiromesifen is active against all developmental stages of mites and whiteflies and provides long-lasting control.

[0032] Phenylpyrazole compounds, such as fipronil, are broad spectrum insecticides used to control ants, beetles, cockroaches, fleas, mites, termites, mole crickets, thrips, rootworms, weevils, and other insects. Fipronil is a white powder with a musty odor.

[0033] Tetramic acid insecticides, such as spidoxamat, have high plant mobility, which ensures high effectiveness against important sucking pests (aphids, whiteflies) at low doses for foliar and soil use, and are suitable for application in arable and horticultural crops, such as soybeans, cotton, fruits and vegetables.

[0034] Phenylpyrazole insecticides, such as nicofluprole, are a class of chemically related broad spectrum insecticides characterized by a central pyrazole ring with a phenyl group attached to one of the pyrazole nitrogen atoms.

[0035] Ecdysteroid compounds, such as ecdysone, are steroid prohormones of 20-hydroxyecdysone, the primary insect molting hormone secreted from the prothoracic gland. Ecdysteroids act as molting hormones in arthropods, but also occur in other related phyla, where they may play different roles.

[0036] WO 2006 / 048868 discloses the use of a combination of novaluron with an insecticidal compound having effective knockdown action selected from imidacloprid and acetamiprid for the control of insects in crops and their habitats.

[0037] WO 2007 / 019962 discloses insecticidal mixtures comprising novaluron and at least one further known active compound from the group of the neonicotinoids, and the use of these mixtures for controlling animal pests.

[0038] WO 2015 / 196339 discloses a method for protecting rice from infestation and attack by pests comprising contacting the rice with a pesticidal composition comprising synergistically effective amounts of spinetoram and methoxyfenozide. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0039] The object of the present invention is to provide mixtures and compositions that have improved activity against harmful pests when applied with a reduced total amount of active compound.The object of the present invention is to provide a broadened spectrum of activity or a combination of knockdown activity and long-lasting control.A further object of the present invention is to provide mixtures and compositions that provide effective resistance management and pest control at the lowest possible application rate.

[0040] It is an attempt of the present invention to find that mixtures comprising novaluron and at least one compound from the above group, applied simultaneously, i.e. together or separately, or successively, are synergistically effective and allow better control of pests than is possible with the individual compounds alone, achieving synergistic results, reducing dosages, or enhancing the spectrum of activity, or combining knockdown activity with lingering control, or facilitating resistance management, thereby solving at least one of the problems in the prior art.

[0041] In view of the above, there is an effort in the present invention to develop new pesticidal combinations and compositions which exhibit synergistically enhanced action, broader spectrum of activity and reduced cost of treatment. [Means for solving the problem]

[0042] The inventors have reasonably found that the above mentioned objects are achieved in whole or in part by the combination of active compounds as defined below.

[0043] The present invention relates to the following active compounds: i) Compound I, which is novaluron of formula (I), [ka] and ii) at least one active compound II selected from groups A.1 to A.26 The present invention relates to a pesticidal mixture comprising:

[0044] A.1. A diacylhydrazine insecticide that is an ecdysone agonist selected from the group including chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, and tebufenozide.

[0045] A.2. A pyrethroid insecticide selected from the group including tau-fluvalinate, lambda-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin.

[0046] A.3. A spinosyn insecticide selected from the group including spinosad and spinetoram.

[0047] A.4. Tetramic acids, cyclic ketoenol insecticides that are acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors, selected from the group including spiropydione and spirotetramat.

[0048] A.5. METI (mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor) acaricides and insecticides selected from the group including tolfenpyrad.

[0049] A.6. Pyridine organic compounds which are chordotonal organ modulators selected from the group including flonicamide.

[0050] A.7. Chordotonal organ TRPV (transient receptor potential of vanilloid type) channel modulators selected from the group including pymetrozine, afidopiropen and pyrifluquinazone.

[0051] A.8. Aryl isoxazolines that are gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channel allosteric modulators selected from the group including fluxamethamide and isocyclotheram.

[0052] A.9. Metadiamide, a GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulator, selected from the group including broflanilide.

[0053] A.10. Diamides of the insecticidal class that are highly specific ryanodine receptor (RyR) modulators selected from the group including cyclaniliprole and tetraniliprole.

[0054] A.11. An arylalkyloxypyrimidine compound selected from the group including benzpyrimoxane.

[0055] A.12. Mesoionic pyrido[1,2-α]pyrimidinones selected from the group including dichloromesothiaz.

[0056] A.13. Novel quinoline insecticides selected from the group including flometoquine.

[0057] A.14. A novel chemotype insecticide selected from the group including flupirimine.

[0058] A.15. An arylethylsulfonyl compound selected from the group including oxazosulfil.

[0059] A.16. An organofluorine compound selected from the group including cyclopyrazoflor.

[0060] A.17. A pyrazole carboxamide insecticide selected from the group including zinpropylidaz.

[0061] A.18. A pyrrole compound selected from the group including chlorfenapyr.

[0062] A.19. A sulfoximine compound selected from the group including sulfoxaflor.

[0063] A.20. A furanicotinyl compound selected from the group including dinotefuran.

[0064] A.21. An organophosphate compound selected from the group including acephate and malathion.

[0065] A.22. A foliar contact insecticide selected from the group including spiromesifen.

[0066] A.23. A phenylpyrazole compound selected from the group including fipronil.

[0067] A.24. A tetramic acid insecticide selected from the group including spidoxamat.

[0068] A.25. A phenylpyrazole insecticide selected from the group including nicofluprole.

[0069] A.26. An ecdysteroid compound selected from the group including ecdysone.

[0070] Furthermore, the simultaneous, i.e. together or separately, application of one active compound I, i.e. Novaluron, and one or more active compounds II, or the sequential application of Novaluron and one or more active compounds II as described above, may be advantageous in preventing the pests which are possible with the individual compounds. It has been found in the present invention that this allows for increased control of pests compared to rates.

[0071] The present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of Novaluron and one or more active compounds II as defined above is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0072] The present invention further provides a pesticidal composition comprising a mixture of novaluron and one or more active compounds II as described above, comprising an agriculturally acceptable carrier, and further comprising at least one surfactant, solid excipient, liquid excipient, or combination thereof.

[0073] The present invention also provides a method for controlling insects, mites or nematodes, comprising contacting the insects, mites or nematodes, or their feeding sites, habitats, breeding sites or habitats thereof, with a pesticidally effective amount of a mixture according to the present invention.

[0074] The present invention further provides a method of reducing the total amount of insecticidal active compound required to control unwanted pests by a) applying Novaluron at an application rate of about 25% to about 75% of the recommended application rate, and b) applying one or more active compounds II as described above.

[0075] The present invention also provides a method for controlling insects which comprises contacting the insects or their feeding places, habitats, breeding grounds or their habitats with an effective amount of a mixture of novaluron and one or more active compounds II as defined above or a composition thereof, thereby controlling the insects.

[0076] The present invention further provides a method for protecting plants from attack or infestation by insects comprising contacting the plant, or the soil or water in which the plant is growing, with an effective amount of a mixture of novaluron and one or more active compounds II as defined above or a composition thereof, thereby protecting the plant from attack or infestation by insects.

[0077] The present invention also provides a method for enhancing knockdown activity and / or lasting control comprising contacting the plant, or the soil or water in which the plant is growing, with an effective amount of a mixture of novaluron and one or more active compounds II as described above or a composition thereof, thereby enhancing knockdown activity and / or lasting control.

[0078] The present invention further provides a method for enhancing plant development comprising applying to a plant, a plant habitat and / or a plant propagation material an effective amount of a mixture of novaluron and one or more active compounds II as defined above or a composition thereof, in order to thereby enhance plant development.

[0079] Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for controlling plant growth comprising applying to a plant, a plant habitat and / or a plant propagation material an effective amount of novaluron and one or more active compounds II as described above or compositions thereof, thereby controlling plant growth. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0080] definition Before describing the subject matter in detail, it may be helpful to provide definitions of certain terms used herein. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this subject matter belongs.

[0081] As used herein, the term "pests" includes animal pests and harmful fungi. is used to include.

[0082] As used herein, the term "AI" refers to an active ingredient.

[0083] As used herein, the term "control" or "controlling" is meant to include, but is not limited to, killing, regulating the growth, inhibiting or preventing the normal life cycle of pest activity of a given pest. These terms include, for example, preventing larvae from developing into mature insects, modulating the emergence of pests from eggs, including preventing hatching, decomposing egg material, suffocation, reducing gut motility, inhibiting the formation of chitin, disrupting mating or sexual communication, and preventing feeding activity. The terms "control" and "controlling" also include the ability to regulate or inhibit the growth or proliferation or colonization of an organism or population of organisms.

[0084] As used herein, the term "knockdown activity" or "knockdown treatment" refers to the application of one or more insecticides to control insect infestation of a plant or habitat before and / or after infestation, or before and / or after insect damage is exhibited, and / or when pest pressure is high / low. Insect pressure can be assessed based on conditions associated with insect development, such as population density and certain environmental conditions.

[0085] As used herein, the term "prolonged control" refers to obtaining insecticidal activity for a long period of time after application of one or more insecticides to control insect infestation of plants or habitats for a long period of time before and / or after infestation, or before and / or after insect damage is exhibited, and / or when insect pressure is high / low. Insect pressure can be assessed based on conditions related to insect development, such as population density and certain environmental conditions.

[0086] As used herein, the term "effective" when used to describe a method of control of undesirable pests, such as nematodes, means that the method achieves a good level of control of the undesirable pest without significantly interfering with the normal growth and development of the crop.

[0087] As used herein, the term "effective amount," when used in reference to an active ingredient, refers to the amount of the active ingredient sufficient to achieve a good level of control or activity when ingested, contacted, or sensed.

[0088] As used herein, the term "effective amount" when used in connection with inactive components, i.e., additives, e.g., polymers and organic carriers, refers to the amount of the additive sufficient to improve the stability of the composition.

[0089] As used herein, the term "agriculturally acceptable carrier" means a carrier known and accepted in the art for the formulation of a composition for agricultural or horticultural use.

[0090] As used herein, the term "adjuvant" is broadly defined as any substance that is not itself an active ingredient, but that enhances or is intended to enhance the effectiveness of the pesticide with which it is used. Adjuvants may be understood to include, but are not limited to, spreading agents, penetrating agents, compatibilizers, and drift retardants.

[0091] As used herein, the term "agriculturally acceptable inert additive" refers to any substance that is added to a composition that is not itself an active ingredient, such as a thickener, a binder, It is defined as a surfactant, antioxidant, antifoaming agent and thickener.

[0092] As used herein, the term "tank mix" means that two or more chemical pesticides or compositions are mixed in a spray tank at the time of spray application.

[0093] As used herein, the term "ready-mix" means a composition that can be applied directly to plants after dilution. The composition contains a combination of active ingredients.

[0094] As used herein, the term "plant" includes reference to whole plants, plant organs (e.g., leaves, stems, twigs, roots, trunks, branches, shoots, fruits, etc.), and propagation material or plant cells.

[0095] As used herein, the term "plants" includes reference to agricultural crops, including field crops, vegetable crops, fruits, semi-perennial crops as well as perennial crops.

[0096] As used herein, the term "propagation material" is understood to refer to all reproductive parts of plants, such as seeds and spores, plant structures such as bulbs, corms, tubers, rhizomes, roots, stems, basal shoots, stolon and shoots.

[0097] As used herein, the term "habitat" includes a habitat, breeding ground, plants, propagation material, soil, area, material or environment in which a pest is growing or may grow.

[0098] As used herein, the term "ha" refers to hectare.

[0099] As used herein, the term "g" refers to grams and "L" or "l" refers to liters.

[0100] As used herein, the term "mixture" or "combination" refers to a combination in any physical form, such as, but not limited to, a blend, solution, suspension, dispersion, emulsion, alloy, and the like.

[0101] As used herein, the term "more effective" includes, but is not limited to, increasing the effectiveness of pesticidal disease control, extending protection, and reducing the time required to achieve a given level of pesticidal control, extending the duration of protection against pest attack following application, extending the period of protection against pest attack, and / or reducing the time required to achieve a level of pest control, compared to when the same amount of each pesticide is applied alone.

[0102] As used herein, the term "cultivated plant" includes plants that have been modified by breeding, mutagenesis, or genetic engineering. Genetically modified plants are plants whose genetic material has been modified by the use of recombinant DNA technology. Typically, one or more genes have been incorporated into the genetic material of such plants to improve certain characteristics of the plant.

[0103] The term "enhancing a crop plant," as used herein, refers to the improvement of plant quality, plant vigor, nutrient uptake, root system, resistance to stress factors, etc., in plants to which a mixture or composition described herein has been applied, as compared to a control plant grown under the same conditions except that the mixture or composition described herein has not been applied. and / or yield.

[0104] The term "improving the root system" as used herein means that the root system is qualitatively or quantitatively improved in a plant to which a mixture or composition described herein has been applied, compared to the root system in a control plant grown under the same conditions except that the mixture or composition described herein has not been applied. Improved root systems include, but are not limited to, improved appearance and composition of the root system (i.e., improved color, density, and uniformity), enhanced root growth, more developed root systems, stronger and healthier roots, improved plant stand, and increased root system weight.

[0105] The term "improving the quality of a plant," as used herein, means that one or more traits are qualitatively or quantitatively improved in a plant to which a mixture or composition described herein has been applied, compared to the same trait in a control plant grown under the same conditions except that the mixture or composition described herein has not been applied. Such traits include, but are not limited to, improved appearance and composition of the plant (i.e., improved color, density, uniformity, consistency), reduced ethylene (reduced inhibition of production and / or acceptance), improved appearance and composition of the harvested material (i.e., seeds, fruits, leaves, vegetables, shoots / stalks / vines), improved carbohydrate content (i.e., improved sugar and / or starch quality, improved sweetness ratio, reduced reducing sugars, increased rate of sugar development), improved protein content, improved oil content and composition, improved nutritional value, reduced anti-nutritional compounds, increased nutrient uptake, stronger and healthier roots, improved organoleptic properties (i.e., improved taste), improved consumer health benefits (i.e., increased levels of vitamins and antioxidants), improved post-harvest characteristics (i.e., enhanced shelf life and / or storage stability, easier processability, easier extraction of compounds), and / or improved seed quality (i.e., for use in the following year's season).

[0106] As used herein, the term "plant growth regulation" or "regulating plant growth" includes limiting vertical stem growth, promoting root growth, stunting, increasing stem diameter and stem wall thickness, and the like.

[0107] As used herein, the term "plant" refers to any and all physical parts of a plant, including, but not limited to, seeds, seedlings, saplings, roots, tubers, stems, stalks, foliage, and fruits.

[0108] As used herein, the term "surfactant" means an agriculturally acceptable material that imparts emulsifying, stabilizing, spreading, wetting, dispersing or other surface modifying properties. Examples of suitable surfactants include nonionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants.

[0109] The terms "a" or "an," as used herein, include the singular and the plural, unless specifically stated otherwise. Thus, the terms "a," "an," or "at least one" can be used interchangeably in this application.

[0110] Throughout this application, the description of various embodiments uses the term "comprising." However, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that in some specific cases, an embodiment can instead be described using the language "consisting essentially of" or "consisting of."

[0111] To better understand the present teachings, and not to limit the scope of the teachings in any way, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained. At a minimum, each numerical parameter Parameters should be interpreted at least in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. In this regard, the use of the term "about" herein specifically includes ±10% from the stated value in the range. Moreover, the endpoints of all ranges directed to the same component or property herein are inclusive and can be independently combined, including all intermediate points and ranges.

[0112] Unless otherwise specified, references to percentages are by weight (wt.) percentage of active compound in the compositions of the invention, which is based on the total weight of the active ingredient in the composition, i.e., the active compound itself, excluding the amount of solvent, carrier, dispersant, stabilizer or other materials which may be present.

[0113] It is further understood that where a parameter range is provided, all integers and tenths thereof within that range are also provided by the subject matter, e.g., "0.1% to 50%" includes 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, etc. up to 50%.

[0114] When a ratio is referred to herein as "X:1 or higher," this means that the ratio is Y:1, where Y is X or greater, and when a ratio is referred to herein as "X:1 or lower," this means that the ratio is Z:1, where Z is X or less. The same logic is used for "1:X or higher" and "1:X or lower" ratios.

[0115] Pesticide mixture It has been surprisingly found that by combining insecticides, an insecticidal mixture is produced that exhibits broad-spectrum control and high efficacy against a very wide range of insects, and has knockdown and long residual effects under different climatic conditions.The mixtures and compositions of the present invention are based in part on the discovery that application of the novel insecticidal mixtures of the present invention to habitats or areas where pest control is desired results in improved control of pests and prevents further infestation.

[0116] In some embodiments, the combination provides a higher pesticidal activity than would be expected based on the sum of the activities of each of the pesticides found therein. Such combinations allow for reduced dosages of individual pesticides that may cause damage to agriculturally important plants.

[0117] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a compound comprising, as an active compound: i) Compound I, which is novaluron, and ii) at least one active compound II selected from groups A.1 to A.26 The present invention relates to a pesticidal mixture comprising:

[0118] A.1. A diacylhydrazine insecticide that is an ecdysone agonist selected from the group including chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, and tebufenozide.

[0119] A.2. A pyrethroid insecticide selected from the group including tau-fluvalinate, lambda-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin.

[0120] A.3. A spinosyn insecticide selected from the group including spinosad and spinetoram.

[0121] A.4. Tetramic acids, cyclic ketoenol insecticides that are acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors, selected from the group including spiropydione and spirotetramat.

[0122] A.5. METI (Mitochondrial Complex Inhibitor) selected from the group including tolfenpyrad I Electron transport inhibitors) Acaricides and insecticides.

[0123] A.6. Pyridine organic compounds which are chordotonal organ modulators selected from the group including flonicamide.

[0124] A.7. Chordotonal organ TRPV (transient receptor potential of vanilloid type) channel modulators selected from the group including pymetrozine, afidopiropen and pyrifluquinazone.

[0125] A.8. Aryl isoxazolines that are gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channel allosteric modulators selected from the group including fluxamethamide and isocyclotheram.

[0126] A.9. Metadiamide, a GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulator, selected from the group including broflanilide.

[0127] A.10. Diamides of the insecticidal class that are highly specific ryanodine receptor (RyR) modulators selected from the group including cyclaniliprole and tetraniliprole.

[0128] A.11. An arylalkyloxypyrimidine compound selected from the group including benzpyrimoxane.

[0129] A.12. Mesoionic pyrido[1,2-α]pyrimidinones selected from the group including dichloromesothiaz.

[0130] A.13. Novel quinoline insecticides selected from the group including flometoquine.

[0131] A.14. A novel chemotype insecticide selected from the group including flupirimine.

[0132] A.15. An arylethylsulfonyl compound selected from the group including oxazosulfil.

[0133] A.16. An organofluorine compound selected from the group including cyclopyrazoflor.

[0134] A.17. A pyrazole carboxamide insecticide selected from the group including zinpropylidaz.

[0135] A.18. A pyrrole compound selected from the group including chlorfenapyr.

[0136] A.19. A sulfoximine compound selected from the group including sulfoxaflor.

[0137] A.20. A furanicotinyl compound selected from the group including dinotefuran.

[0138] A.21. An organophosphate compound selected from the group including acephate and malathion.

[0139] A.22. A foliar contact insecticide selected from the group including spiromesifen.

[0140] A.23. A phenylpyrazole compound selected from the group including fipronil.

[0141] A.24. A tetramic acid insecticide selected from the group including spidoxamat.

[0142] A.25. A phenylpyrazole insecticide selected from the group including nicofluprole.

[0143] A.26. An ecdysteroid compound selected from the group including ecdysone.

[0144] For use in the pesticidal mixtures of the present invention, the active compound II is selected from the groups A.1, A.2, A.3, A.4, A.5, A.6, A.7, A.8, A.9, A.10, A.11, A.12, A.13, A.14, A.15, A.16, A.17, A.18, A.19, A.20, A.21, A.22, A.23, A.24, A.25 and A.26, preferably selected from the groups A.1, A.3, A.4, A.7, A.8, A.9, A.10, A.12, A.14, A.16, A.18, A.19, A.20, A.21, A.22, A.23 and A.25.

[0145] For the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compounds II selected from group A.1 as defined above are preferably chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide, more preferably methoxyfenozide.

[0146] For the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.2 as defined above is preferably tau-fluvalinate.

[0147] For the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.3 as defined above is more preferably spinosad or spinetoram.

[0148] For the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.4 as defined above is preferably spiropydione or spirotetramat.

[0149] With regard to the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.4 as defined above is more preferably a spirotetramat.

[0150] For the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.5 as defined above is preferably tolfenpyrad.

[0151] For the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.6 as defined above is preferably flonicamid.

[0152] For the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.7 as defined above is preferably pymetrozine or afidopiropen.

[0153] With regard to the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.7 as defined above is more preferably afidopiropen.

[0154] For the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.8 as defined above is preferably fluxamethamide or isocycloceram.

[0155] With regard to the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.8 as defined above is more preferably isocycloceram.

[0156] With regard to the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.9 as defined above is more preferably broflanilide.

[0157] For the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.10 as defined above is preferably cyclaniliprole or tetraniliprole.

[0158] With regard to the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.10 as defined above is more preferably tetraniliprole.

[0159] For the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.11 as defined above is preferably benzpyrimoxane.

[0160] For the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.12 as defined above is more preferably dichloromezothiaz.

[0161] For the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.13 as defined above is preferably flometoquine.

[0162] With regard to the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.14 as defined above is more preferably flupirimine.

[0163] For the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.15 as defined above is preferably an oxazosulfil.

[0164] With regard to the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.16 as defined above is more preferably ticlopyrazoflor.

[0165] For the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.17 as defined above is preferably dinpropylidaz.

[0166] With regard to the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.18 as defined above is more preferably chlorfenapyr.

[0167] With regard to the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.19 as defined above is more preferably sulfoxaflor.

[0168] With regard to the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.20 as defined above is more preferably dinotefuran.

[0169] For the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.21 as defined above is more preferably acephate or malathion.

[0170] With regard to the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.22 as defined above is more preferably spiromesifen.

[0171] For the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.23 as defined above is more preferably fipronil.

[0172] For the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.24 as defined above is preferably spidoxamat.

[0173] With regard to the pesticidal mixture of the present invention, a selection from group A.25 as defined above is The selected active compound II is more preferably nicofluprole.

[0174] For the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention, the active compound II selected from group A.26 as defined above is preferably ecdysone.

[0175] In one embodiment, the pesticidal mixture allows an increased control of pests to be achieved compared to the control rate possible with the individual active compounds, wherein the mixture is prepared by simultaneous, i.e. together or separately, application of novaluron and one or more active compounds II, or by sequential application of novaluron and one or more active compounds II as described above.

[0176] In another embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and one or more active compounds II as defined above is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0177] In one embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and diacylhydrazine insecticide is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0178] In a further embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and methoxyfenozide is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0179] In certain embodiments, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and methoxyfenozide is from 1:1 to 100:1.

[0180] In one embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and spinosyn insecticide is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0181] In a further embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and spinosad is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0182] In a particular embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and spinosad is from 1:1 to 1:100.

[0183] In another particular embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and spinetoram is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0184] In another particular embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and spinetoram is from 1:5 to 5:1.

[0185] In one embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor insecticide is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0186] In a further embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and spirotetramat is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0187] In a particular embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and spirotetramat is from 1:1 to 1:100.

[0188] In one embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and chordotonal organ TRPV (transient receptor potential vanilloid) channel modulator insecticide is: The ratio is 1:100 to 100:1.

[0189] In a further embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and afidopyropen is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0190] In a particular embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and afidopyropen is 1:5 to 5:1.

[0191] In one embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channel allosteric modulator insecticide arylisoxazoline is 1:100 to 100:1.

[0192] In a further embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and isocycloceram is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0193] In a particular embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and isocycloceram is 1:1.

[0194] In one embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and the GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulator insecticide metadiamide is 1:100 to 100:1.

[0195] In a further embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and broflanilide is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0196] In certain embodiments, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and broflanilide is from 1:1 to 10:1.

[0197] In one embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and a certain ryanodine receptor (RyR) modulator insecticide is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0198] In a further embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and tetraniliprole is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0199] In a particular embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and tetraniliprole is from 1:5 to 25:1.

[0200] In one embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and the mesoionic pyrido[1,2-α]pyrimidinone insecticide is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0201] In a further embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and dichloromezothiaz is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0202] In a particular embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and dichloromezothiaz is 1:1.

[0203] In one embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and the chemotype insecticide is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0204] In a further embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and flupirimin is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0205] In a particular embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and flupirimine is 1:1.

[0206] In one embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of Novaluron and the organofluorine compound is 1:100 to 100:1.

[0207] In a further embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and ticlopyrazoflor is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0208] In a particular embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and ticlopyrazoflor is 1:1.

[0209] In one embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and pyrrole compound is 1:100 to 100:1.

[0210] In a further embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and chlorfenapyr is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0211] In certain embodiments, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and chlorfenapyr is from 1:10 to 50:1.

[0212] In one embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and sulfoximine compound is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0213] In a further embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and sulfoxaflor is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0214] In a particular embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and sulfoxaflor is from 1:5 to 100:1.

[0215] In one embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and furanicotinyl compound is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0216] In a further embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and dinotefuran is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0217] In a particular embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and dinotefuran is 1:1.

[0218] In one embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and the organophosphate compound is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0219] In a further embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and acephate is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0220] In a further embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, comprising novaluron and a The weight ratio of cephate is 1:10 to 10:1.

[0221] In a further embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and malathion is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0222] In a particular embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and acephate is 1:10.

[0223] In a particular embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and malathion is from 1:1 to 1:10.

[0224] In one embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and the foliar contact insecticide is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0225] In a further embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and spiromesifen is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0226] In a particular embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and spiromesifen is from 1:5 to 100:1.

[0227] In one embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and the phenylpyrazole compound is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0228] In a further particular embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and fipronil is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0229] In one embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and the phenylpyrazole insecticide is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0230] In a further embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and nicofluprole is from 1:100 to 100:1.

[0231] In a particular embodiment, the present invention provides an insecticidal mixture, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and nicofluprole is 1:1.

[0232] In another embodiment, the present invention further provides a pesticidal composition comprising a mixture of novaluron and one or more active compounds II as described above, comprising an agriculturally acceptable carrier, and further comprising at least one surfactant, solid excipient, liquid excipient, or combination thereof.

[0233] In a further embodiment, the present invention also provides a method for controlling insects, mites or nematodes, comprising contacting the insects, mites or nematodes, or their feeding sites, habitats, breeding sites or habitats thereof, with a pesticidally effective amount of a mixture according to the present invention.

[0234] In one embodiment, the present invention further provides a method of reducing the total amount of insecticidal active compound needed to control unwanted pests by a) applying novaluron at an application rate of about 25% to about 75% of the recommended application rate, and b) applying one or more active compounds II as described above.

[0235] In a further embodiment, the present invention also provides a method for controlling insects comprising contacting the insects or their feeding places, habitats, breeding places or their habitats with an effective amount of a mixture of novaluron and one or more active compounds II as described above or a composition thereof, thereby controlling the insects.

[0236] In one embodiment, the present invention further provides a method for protecting plants from attack or infestation by insects comprising contacting the plant, or the soil or water in which the plant is growing, with an effective amount of a mixture of novaluron and one or more active compounds II as described above or a composition thereof, thereby protecting the plant from attack or infestation by insects.

[0237] In another embodiment, the present invention also provides a method for enhancing knockdown activity and / or lasting control comprising contacting a plant, or the soil or water in which the plant is growing, with an effective amount of a mixture of novaluron and one or more active compounds II as described above or compositions thereof, thereby enhancing knockdown activity and / or lasting control.

[0238] In one embodiment, the present invention further provides a method for enhancing plant development comprising applying to a plant, a plant habitat and / or a plant propagation material an effective amount of a mixture of novaluron and one or more active compounds II as described above or a composition thereof, thereby enhancing plant development.

[0239] In a further embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling plant growth comprising applying to the plant, the plant's habitat and / or the plant's propagation material an effective amount of novaluron and one or more active compounds II as described above or compositions thereof, in order to thereby control plant growth.

[0240] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising an effective amount of novaluron and one or more active compounds II as described above, wherein the effective amounts of both active compounds are selected in such a way that the mixture provides a synergistic insecticidal activity.

[0241] In an exemplary embodiment, enhanced synergistic insecticidal activity is observed when an insecticidal mixture of novaluron and a diacylhydrazine insecticide is used to control insects.

[0242] In another exemplary embodiment, the present subject matter relates to an insecticidal mixture comprising novaluron and a diacylhydrazine insecticide.

[0243] In one embodiment, the diacylhydrazine insecticide is chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing. In one exemplary embodiment, the diacylhydrazine compound is methoxyfenozide.

[0244] In one exemplary embodiment, the present subject matter also provides a pesticidal mixture comprising: (i) an amount of novaluron; and (ii) an amount of methoxyfenozide.

[0245] In some embodiments, the amount of novaluron and the amount of diacylhydrazine insecticide, when applied together, are more effective than when the same amount of novaluron, and the same amount of diacylhydrazine insecticide are applied alone.

[0246] In some embodiments, the amount of novaluron and the amount of methoxyfenozide, when applied together, are greater than the amount of novaluron and the amount of methoxyfenozide applied alone. It is sometimes more effective.

[0247] In some embodiments, the amount of novaluron applied is less than the insecticidally effective amount of novaluron when novaluron is used alone.

[0248] In representative embodiments, the amount of diacylhydrazine insecticide applied is less than the insecticidally effective amount of the diacylhydrazine insecticide when used alone. Specifically, in some embodiments, the amount of methoxyfenozide applied is less than the insecticidally effective amount of methoxyfenozide when used alone.

[0249] In some embodiments, the mixture is more effective than the same amount of novaluron and the same amount of diacylhydrazine insecticide applied alone.

[0250] In some embodiments, the mixture is more effective than the same amount of novaluron and the same amount of methoxyfenozide insecticide applied alone.

[0251] In some embodiments, the present subject matter also provides a pesticidal mixture comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) an amount of a diacylhydrazine insecticide, where the mixture is more effective than the same amounts of (i) and / or (ii) applied alone.

[0252] In some embodiments, the present subject matter provides a pesticidal mixture comprising: (i) novaluron; and (ii) an amount of methoxyfenozide, where the mixture is more effective than the same amounts of (i) and / or (ii) applied alone.

[0253] In one embodiment, the present subject matter provides a pesticidal mixture comprising: (i) novaluron; and (ii) an amount of spinosad, where the mixture is more effective than the same amounts of (i) and / or (ii) applied alone.

[0254] In one embodiment, the present subject matter provides a pesticidal mixture comprising: (i) novaluron; and (ii) an amount of spinetoram, where the mixture is more effective than the same amounts of (i) and / or (ii) applied alone.

[0255] In one embodiment, the present subject matter provides a pesticidal mixture comprising: (i) novaluron; and (ii) an amount of spirotetramat, where the mixture is more effective than the same amounts of (i) and / or (ii) applied alone.

[0256] In one embodiment, the present subject matter provides a pesticidal mixture comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) an amount of afidopiropen, where the mixture is more effective than the same amounts of (i) and / or (ii) applied alone.

[0257] In one embodiment, the present subject matter provides a pesticidal mixture comprising: (i) novaluron; and (ii) an amount of isocycloceram, where the mixture is more effective than the same amounts of (i) and / or (ii) applied alone.

[0258] In one embodiment, the present subject matter provides a pesticidal mixture comprising: (i) novaluron; and (ii) an amount of broflanilide, where the mixture is more effective than the same amounts of (i) and / or (ii) applied alone.

[0259] In one embodiment, the present subject matter provides a pesticidal mixture comprising: (i) novaluron; and (ii) an amount of tetraniliprole, wherein the mixture comprises the same amounts of (i) and / or is more effective than (ii) applied alone.

[0260] In one embodiment, the present subject matter provides a pesticidal mixture comprising: (i) novaluron; and (ii) an amount of dichloromezothiaz, where the mixture is more effective than the same amounts of (i) and / or (ii) applied alone.

[0261] In one embodiment, the present subject matter provides a pesticidal mixture comprising: (i) novaluron; and (ii) an amount of flupirimine, where the mixture is more effective than the same amounts of (i) and / or (ii) applied alone.

[0262] In one embodiment, the present subject matter provides a pesticidal mixture comprising: (i) novaluron; and (ii) an amount of ticlopyrazoflor, wherein the mixture is more effective than the same amounts of (i) and / or (ii) applied alone.

[0263] In one embodiment, the present subject matter provides a pesticidal mixture comprising: (i) novaluron; and (ii) an amount of chlorfenapyr, where the mixture is more effective than the same amounts of (i) and / or (ii) applied alone.

[0264] In one embodiment, the present subject matter provides a pesticidal mixture comprising: (i) novaluron; and (ii) an amount of sulfoxaflor, where the mixture is more effective than the same amounts of (i) and / or (ii) applied alone.

[0265] In one embodiment, the present subject matter provides a pesticidal mixture comprising: (i) novaluron; and (ii) an amount of dinotefuran, where the mixture is more effective than the same amounts of (i) and / or (ii) applied alone.

[0266] In one embodiment, the present subject matter provides a pesticidal mixture comprising: (i) novaluron; and (ii) an amount of acephate, where the mixture is more effective than the same amounts of (i) and / or (ii) applied alone.

[0267] In one embodiment, the present subject matter provides a pesticidal mixture comprising: (i) novaluron; and (ii) an amount of malathion, where the mixture is more effective than the same amounts of (i) and / or (ii) applied alone.

[0268] In one embodiment, the present subject matter provides a pesticidal mixture comprising: (i) novaluron; and (ii) an amount of spiromesifen, where the mixture is more effective than the same amounts of (i) and / or (ii) applied alone.

[0269] In one embodiment, the present subject matter provides a pesticidal mixture comprising: (i) novaluron; and (ii) an amount of fipronil, where the mixture is more effective than the same amounts of (i) and / or (ii) applied alone.

[0270] In one embodiment, the present subject matter provides a pesticidal mixture comprising: (i) novaluron; and (ii) an amount of nicofluprole, where the mixture is more effective than the same amounts of (i) and / or (ii) applied alone.

[0271] In some embodiments, the mixture exhibits a synergistic effect.

[0272] In some embodiments, the mixture is a synergistic mixture.

[0273] In one embodiment, the present subject matter relates to a synergistic pesticidal mixture comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) at least one active compound II selected from groups A.1, A.3, A.4, A.7, A.8, A.9, A.10, A.12, A.14, A.16, A.18, A.19, A.20, A.21, A.22, A.23 and A.25 as defined above.

[0274] In an exemplary embodiment, the subject matter relates to a synergistic pesticidal mixture comprising: (i) novaluron; and (ii) a diacylhydrazine insecticide.

[0275] In a further exemplary embodiment, the present subject matter relates to a synergistic pesticidal mixture comprising: (i) novaluron; and (ii) methoxyfenozide.

[0276] In some embodiments, a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 of the amount of (i) novaluron and the amount of (ii) diacylhydrazine insecticide, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infestations than the same amount of (i), and the same amount of (ii), when applied alone.

[0277] In some embodiments, a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 of the amount of (i) novaluron and the amount of (ii) methoxyfenozide, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infections than the same amount of (i), and the same amount of (ii), when applied alone.

[0278] In some embodiments, the amount of (i) novaluron and the amount of (ii) methoxyfenozide in a ratio of 1:1 to 100:1, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infections than the same amount of (i), and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0279] In some embodiments, a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 of the amount of (i) novaluron and the amount of (ii) spinosyn insecticide, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infestations than the same amount of (i), and the same amount of (ii), when applied alone.

[0280] In some embodiments, a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 of the amount of (i) novaluron and the amount of (ii) spinosad, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infections than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0281] In some embodiments, an amount of (i) novaluron and an amount of (ii) spinosad in a ratio of 1:1 to 1:100, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infections than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0282] In some embodiments, an amount of (i) novaluron and an amount of (ii) spinetoram in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infestations than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0283] In some embodiments, the amount of (i) novaluron and (ii) the amount of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor insecticide in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, when applied together, reduces insect infestation more effectively than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone. It is more effective in treating plants or soil against diseases.

[0284] In some embodiments, an amount of (i) novaluron and an amount of (ii) spirotetramat in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infections than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0285] In some embodiments, an amount of (i) novaluron and an amount of (ii) spirotetramat in a ratio of 1:1 to 1:100, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infections than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0286] In some embodiments, an amount of (i) novaluron and (ii) an amount of chordotonal TRPV (transient receptor potential vanilloid) channel modulator insecticide in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infestations than the same amount of (i), and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0287] In some embodiments, an amount of (i) novaluron and an amount of (ii) afidopyropen in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infestations than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0288] In some embodiments, a ratio of 1:5 to 5:1 of the amount of (i) novaluron and the amount of (ii) afidopyropen, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infestations than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0289] In some embodiments, a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 of the amounts of (i) novaluron and (ii) an amount of an arylisoxazoline that is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channel allosteric modulator insecticide, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infections than the same amount of (i), and the same amount of (ii), when applied alone.

[0290] In some embodiments, a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 of the amount of (i) novaluron and the amount of (ii) isocycloceram, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infestations than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0291] In some embodiments, a 1:1 ratio of the amount of (i) novaluron and the amount of (ii) isocycloceram, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infestations than the same amount of (i), and the same amount of (ii), when applied alone.

[0292] In some embodiments, a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 of the amounts of (i) novaluron and (ii) the amount of metadiamide, a GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulator insecticide, when applied together is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infections than the same amount of (i), and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0293] In some embodiments, a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 of the amount of (i) novaluron and the amount of (ii) broflanilide, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infections than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0294] In some embodiments, the amount of (i) novaluron and the amount of (ii) broflanilide in a ratio of 1:1 to 10:1, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infections than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0295] In some embodiments, a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 of the amount of (i) novaluron and (ii) certain ryanodine receptor (RyR) modulator insecticide, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infections than the same amount of (i), and the same amount of (ii), when applied alone.

[0296] In some embodiments, a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 of (i) an amount of novaluron and (ii) a certain amount of tetraniliprole, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infestations than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0297] In some embodiments, an amount of (i) novaluron and (ii) a certain amount of tetraniliprole in a ratio of 1:5 to 25:1, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infestations than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0298] In some embodiments, a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 of the amount of (i) novaluron and (ii) mesoionic pyrido[1,2-α]pyrimidinone insecticide, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infestations than the same amount of (i), and the same amount of (ii), when applied alone.

[0299] In some embodiments, an amount of (i) novaluron and an amount of (ii) dichloromesothiaz in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infestations than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0300] In some embodiments, a 1:1 ratio of the amounts of (i) novaluron and (ii) dichloromezothiaz, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infections than the same amount of (i), and the same amount of (ii), when applied alone.

[0301] In some embodiments, a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 of the amount of (i) novaluron and the amount of (ii) chemotype insecticide, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infestations than the same amount of (i), and the same amount of (ii), when applied alone.

[0302] In some embodiments, an amount of (i) novaluron and an amount of (ii) flupirimin in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infestations than the same amount of (i), and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0303] In some embodiments, a 1:1 ratio of the amounts of (i) novaluron and (ii) flupirimin, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infections than the same amount of (i), and the same amount of (ii), when applied alone.

[0304] In some embodiments, a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 of the amount of (i) Novaluron and the amount of (ii) organofluorine compound, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infections than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0305] In some embodiments, an amount of (i) novaluron and an amount of (ii) ticlopyrazoflor in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infestations than the same amount of (i), and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0306] In some embodiments, a 1:1 ratio of the amount of (i) novaluron and the amount of (ii) ticlopyrazoflor, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infections than the same amount of (i), and the same amount of (ii), when applied alone.

[0307] In some embodiments, a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 of the amount of (i) novaluron and the amount of (ii) pyrrole compound, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infections than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0308] In some embodiments, a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 of the amount of (i) novaluron and the amount of (ii) chlorfenapyr, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infections than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0309] In some embodiments, an amount of (i) novaluron and an amount of (ii) chlorfenapyr in a ratio of 1:10 to 50:1, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infections than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0310] In some embodiments, a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 of the amount of (i) novaluron and the amount of (ii) sulfoximine compound, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infections than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0311] In some embodiments, an amount of (i) novaluron and an amount of (ii) sulfoxaflor in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infestations than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0312] In some embodiments, an amount of (i) novaluron and an amount of (ii) sulfoxaflor in a ratio of 1:5 to 100:1, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infections than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0313] In some embodiments, a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 of the amount of (i) novaluron and the amount of (ii) furanicotinyl compound, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infections than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0314] In some embodiments, an amount of (i) novaluron and an amount of (ii) dinotefuran in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infestations than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0315] In some embodiments, a 1:1 ratio of the amount of (i) novaluron and the amount of (ii) dinotefuran, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infections than the same amount of (i), and the same amount of (ii), when applied alone.

[0316] In some embodiments, a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 of the amount of (i) novaluron and the amount of (ii) organophosphate compound, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infestations than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0317] In some embodiments, an amount of (i) novaluron and an amount of (ii) acephate in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infestations than the same amount of (i), and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0318] In some embodiments, an amount of (i) novaluron and an amount of (ii) acephate in a ratio of 1:10, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infections than the same amount of (i), and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0319] In some embodiments, an amount of (i) novaluron and an amount of (ii) malathion in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infestations than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0320] In some embodiments, an amount of (i) novaluron and an amount of (ii) malathion in a ratio of 1:1 to 1:10, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infestations than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0321] In some embodiments, a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 of the amount of (i) novaluron and the amount of (ii) foliar contact insecticide, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infestations than the same amount of (i), and the same amount of (ii), when applied alone.

[0322] In some embodiments, a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 of the amount of (i) novaluron and the amount of (ii) spiromesifen, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infections than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0323] In some embodiments, an amount of (i) novaluron and an amount of (ii) spiromesifen in a ratio of 1:5 to 100:1, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infections than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0324] In some embodiments, a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 of the amount of (i) novaluron and the amount of (ii) phenylpyrazole compound, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infections than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0325] In some embodiments, an amount of (i) novaluron and an amount of (ii) fipronil in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infestations than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0326] In some embodiments, an amount of (i) novaluron and an amount of (ii) phenylpyrazole insecticide in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infestations than the same amount of (i), and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0327] In some embodiments, an amount of (i) novaluron and an amount of (ii) nicofluprole in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infestations than the same amount of (i) and the same amount of (ii) applied alone.

[0328] In some embodiments, a 1:1 ratio of the amount of (i) novaluron and the amount of (ii) nicofluprole, when applied together, is more effective in treating plants or soil against insect infections than the same amount of (i), and the same amount of (ii), when applied alone.

[0329] In a further embodiment, the pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) at least one active compound II as defined above, is synergistically effective in controlling pests hours to days after application, compared to when at least one component of the mixture in the same amount is applied alone.

[0330] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) methoxyfenozide is synergistically effective in controlling pests 72 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture in the same amount applied alone.

[0331] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) methoxyfenozide is synergistically effective at controlling pests 4 days after application compared to at least one component of the mixture applied alone in the same amount.

[0332] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) methoxyfenozide is synergistically effective at controlling pests 8 days after application compared to at least one component of the mixture applied alone in the same amount.

[0333] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) spinosad is synergistically effective in controlling pests 48 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture in the same amount applied alone.

[0334] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) spinosad is synergistically effective at controlling pests 72 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture applied alone in the same amount.

[0335] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) spinosad is synergistically effective in controlling pests 7 days after application compared to at least one component of the mixture applied alone in the same amount.

[0336] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) spinetoram is synergistically effective in controlling pests 48 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture in the same amount applied alone.

[0337] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) spinetoram is synergistically effective in controlling pests 72 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture in the same amount applied alone.

[0338] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) spinetoram is synergistically effective in controlling pests 120 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture in the same amount applied alone.

[0339] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) spinetoram is synergistically effective in controlling pests 7 days after application compared to at least one component of the mixture in the same amount applied alone.

[0340] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) spirotetramat is synergistically effective in controlling pests 48 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture in the same amount applied alone.

[0341] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) spirotetramat is synergistically effective in controlling pests 72 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture applied alone in the same amount.

[0342] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) spirotetramat is synergistically effective in controlling pests 7 days after application compared to at least one component of the mixture applied alone in the same amount.

[0343] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) afidopyropene is synergistically effective in controlling pests 72 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture applied alone in the same amount.

[0344] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) isocycloceram is synergistically effective in controlling pests 72 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture applied alone in the same amount.

[0345] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) broflanilide is synergistically effective at controlling pests 120 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture in the same amount applied alone.

[0346] In one embodiment, a pharmaceutical composition according to the present invention comprises: (i) novaluron; and (ii) tetraniliprole. The pesticidal mixture is synergistically effective at controlling pests 72 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture in the same amount applied alone.

[0347] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) tetraniliprole is synergistically effective in controlling pests 120 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture in the same amount applied alone.

[0348] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) dichloromezothiaz is synergistically effective in controlling pests 72 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture in the same amount applied alone.

[0349] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) flupirimin is synergistically effective in controlling pests 72 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture in the same amount applied alone.

[0350] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) ticlopyrazoflor is synergistically effective in controlling pests 72 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture in the same amount applied alone.

[0351] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) chlorfenapyr is synergistically effective in controlling pests 48 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture in the same amount applied alone.

[0352] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) chlorfenapyr is synergistically effective at controlling pests 72 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture in the same amount applied alone.

[0353] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) chlorfenapyr is synergistically effective in controlling pests 7 days after application compared to at least one component of the mixture applied alone in the same amount.

[0354] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) sulfoxaflor is synergistically effective in controlling pests 48 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture in the same amount applied alone.

[0355] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) sulfoxaflor is synergistically effective at controlling pests 72 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture in the same amount applied alone.

[0356] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) dinotefuran is synergistically effective in controlling pests 72 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture in the same amount applied alone.

[0357] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) acephate is synergistically effective in controlling pests 72 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture in the same amount applied alone.

[0358] In one embodiment, the pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) acephate, shows that 7 days after application, at least one component of the mixture in the same amount alone is synergistically effective in controlling pests as compared to when applied at 100 mg / kg.

[0359] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) malathion is synergistically effective in controlling pests 72 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture applied alone in the same amount.

[0360] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) malathion is synergistically effective in controlling pests 96 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture applied alone in the same amount.

[0361] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) spiromesifen is synergistically effective in controlling pests 96 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture in the same amount applied alone.

[0362] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) spiromesifen is synergistically effective in controlling pests 7 days after application compared to at least one component of the mixture applied alone in the same amount.

[0363] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) fipronil is synergistically effective in controlling pests 72 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture in the same amount applied alone.

[0364] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) fipronil is synergistically effective in controlling pests 144 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture in the same amount applied alone.

[0365] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) fipronil is synergistically effective in controlling pests 7 days after application compared to at least one component of the mixture applied alone in the same amount.

[0366] In one embodiment, a pesticidal mixture of the present invention comprising (i) novaluron; and (ii) nicofluprole is synergistically effective in controlling pests 72 hours after application compared to at least one component of the mixture in the same amount applied alone.

[0367] In some embodiments, the mixture reduces the time required to achieve a level of pest control compared to when at least one component of the mixture is applied alone at the same amount.An example of the reduction is that when novaluron is applied alone, 50% pesticidal control is achieved 7 days after application, and the mixture or combination disclosed herein achieves 50% pesticidal control 2 days after application, where each pesticide is applied in that amount.

[0368] In some embodiments, the time is reduced by at least 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 7 days, 10 days, 14 days, or 21 days, or 28 days.

[0369] In some embodiments, the mixture is effective to increase plant development compared to when at least one component of the mixture in the same amount is applied alone. Improving plant development includes, but is not limited to, improving the root system, improving the shoots of crop plants, improving plant vigor, and / or improving the potential yield of the plant.

[0370] In some embodiments, efficacy is measured as an increase in plant vigor, plant yield, enhancement in the root system, and / or enhancement in the shoot.

[0371] In some embodiments, plant vigor is assessed using a relative vigor index, hi some embodiments, plant vigor is increased by at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% or 50%.

[0372] In some embodiments, the enhancement in the root system is measured by root weight, hi some embodiments, the root weight increases by at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% or 50%.

[0373] In some embodiments, the increase in shoots is measured by shoot weight, hi some embodiments, the shoot weight increases by at least 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% or 50%.

[0374] The weight ratio between Novaluron in the composition and one of the active compounds II as defined above cannot generally be defined, since it varies depending on various conditions, such as the type of formulation, weather conditions, type of crop and type of pest.

[0375] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to diacylhydrazine insecticide in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to diacylhydrazine insecticide is about 1:1 to 100:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to diacylhydrazine insecticide is 1:1. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to diacylhydrazine insecticide is 100:1. The weight ratio of novaluron to diacylhydrazine insecticide may be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0376] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to methoxyfenozide in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to methoxyfenozide insecticide is about 1:1 to 100:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to methoxyfenozide insecticide is 1:1. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to methoxyfenozide insecticide is 100:1. The weight ratio of novaluron to methoxyfenozide insecticide may be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0377] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spinosyn insecticide in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spinosyn insecticide is about 1:1 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spinosyn insecticide is about 1:100 to 1:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spinosyn insecticide is about 1:5 to 1:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spinosyn insecticide is about 5:1 to 1:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spinosyn insecticide is 1:1. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spinosyn insecticide is 100:1. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spinosyn insecticide is 5:1. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spinosyn insecticide is 1:100. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spinosyn insecticide is 1:5. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spinosyn insecticide is 1:2.5. The weight ratio of novaluron to spinosyn insecticide can be any intermediate range selected from the ratios set forth above.

[0378] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spinosad in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spinosad insecticide is about 1:100 to 1:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spinosad is about 1:1 In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spinosad is 1: 100. The weight ratio of novaluron to spinosad can be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0379] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spinetoram in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spinetoram is about 1:1 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spinetoram is about 1:100 to 1:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spinetoram is about 1:5 to 1:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spinetoram is about 5:1 to 1:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spinetoram is 1:1. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spinetoram is 100:1. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spinetoram is 5:1. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spinetoram is 1:100. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spinetoram is 1:5. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spinetoram is 1:2.5. The weight ratio of novaluron to spinetoram can be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0380] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor insecticide in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor insecticide is about 1:1 to 1:100. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor insecticide is 1:1. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor insecticide is 1:100. The weight ratio of novaluron to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor insecticide may be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0381] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spirotetramat in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spirotetramat is about 1:1 to 1:100. In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spirotetramat is 1:1. In another specific embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spirotetramat is 1:100. The weight ratio of novaluron to spirotetramat can be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0382] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the chordotonal TRPV (vanilloid type transient receptor potential) channel modulator insecticide in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the chordotonal TRPV (vanilloid type transient receptor potential) channel modulator insecticide is about 1:5 to 5:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the chordotonal TRPV (vanilloid type transient receptor potential) channel modulator insecticide is 1:5. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the chordotonal TRPV (vanilloid type transient receptor potential) channel modulator insecticide is 5:1. The weight ratio of novaluron to the chordotonal TRPV (vanilloid type transient receptor potential) channel modulator insecticide may be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0383] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to afidopiropen in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to afidopiropen is about 1:5 to 5:1. In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to afidopiropen is 1:5. In another specific embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to afidopiropen is 5:1. The weight ratio of novaluron to afidopiropen may be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0384] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the aryl isoxazoline, a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-activated chloride channel allosteric modulator insecticide in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the aryl isoxazoline, a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-activated chloride channel allosteric modulator insecticide, is 1:1. The weight ratio of novaluron to the aryl isoxazoline, a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-activated chloride channel allosteric modulator insecticide, may be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0385] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to isocycloceram in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to isocycloceram is 1:1. The weight ratio of novaluron to isocycloceram may be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0386] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulator insecticide metadiamide in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulator insecticide metadiamide is about 1:1 to 10:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulator insecticide metadiamide is 1:1. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulator insecticide metadiamide is 2.5:1. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulator insecticide metadiamide is 10:1. The weight ratio of novaluron to the GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulator insecticide metadiamide may be any intermediate range selected from the ratios set forth above.

[0387] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to broflanilide in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to broflanilide is about 1:1 to 10:1. In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to broflanilide is 1:1. In another specific embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to broflanilide is 2.5:1. In another specific embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to broflanilide is 10:1. The weight ratio of novaluron to broflanilide may be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0388] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the highly specific ryanodine receptor (RyR) modulator insecticide diamide in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the highly specific ryanodine receptor (RyR) modulator insecticide diamide is about 1:25 to 25:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the highly specific ryanodine receptor (RyR) modulator insecticide diamide is 1:1. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the highly specific ryanodine receptor (RyR) modulator insecticide diamide is 2.5:1. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the highly specific ryanodine receptor (RyR) modulator insecticide diamide is 25:1. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the highly specific ryanodine receptor (RyR) modulator insecticide diamide is 5: 1. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the highly specific ryanodine receptor (RyR) modulator insecticide diamide is 1: 5. The weight ratio of novaluron to the highly specific ryanodine receptor (RyR) modulator insecticide diamide can be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0389] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to tetraniliprole in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to tetraniliprole is about 1:25 to 25:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to tetraniliprole is 1:1. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to tetraniliprole is 2.5:1. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to tetraniliprole is 25:1. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to tetraniliprole is 5:1. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to tetraniliprole is 1:5. The weight ratio of novaluron to tetraniliprole may be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0390] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to mesoionic pyrido[1,2-α]pyrimidinone insecticide in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to mesoionic pyrido[1,2-α]pyrimidinone insecticide is 1:1. The weight ratio of novaluron to mesoionic pyrido[1,2-α]pyrimidinone insecticide can be any intermediate range selected from the ratios set forth above.

[0391] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron and dichloromesothiaz in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron and dichloromesothiaz is 1:1. The weight ratio of novaluron and dichloromesothiaz may be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0392] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the chemotype insecticide in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the chemotype insecticide is 1:1. The weight ratio of novaluron to the chemotype insecticide may be any intermediate range selected from the ratios set forth above.

[0393] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to flupirimine in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to flupirimine is 1:1. The weight ratio of novaluron to flupirimine may be an intermediate range selected from the ratios set forth above.

[0394] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of Novaluron to the organic fluorine compound in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of Novaluron to the organic fluorine compound is 1:1. The weight ratio of Novaluron to the organic fluorine compound may be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0395] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to ticlopyrazoflor in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to ticlopyrazoflor is 1:1. The weight ratio of novaluron to ticlopyrazoflor may be an intermediate range selected from the ratios set forth above.

[0396] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the pyrrole compound in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the pyrrole compound is about 1:50 to 50:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the pyrrole compound is 1:1. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the pyrrole compound is 1:10. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the pyrrole compound is 50:1. The weight ratio of novaluron to the pyrrole compound may be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0397] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to chlorfenapyr in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to chlorfenapyr is about 1:50 to 50:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to chlorfenapyr is 1:1. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to chlorfenapyr is 1:10. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to chlorfenapyr is 50:1. The weight ratio of novaluron to chlorfenapyr may be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0398] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the sulfoximine compound in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the sulfoximine compound is about 1:5 to 100:1. In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the sulfoximine compound is 1:5. In another specific embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the sulfoximine compound is 100:1. The weight ratio of novaluron to the sulfoximine compound may be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0399] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to sulfoxaflor in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to sulfoxaflor is about 1:5 to 100:1. In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to sulfoxaflor is 1:5. In another specific embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to sulfoxaflor is 100:1. The weight ratio of novaluron to sulfoxaflor may be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0400] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the furanicotinyl compound in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the furanicotinyl compound is 1:1. The weight ratio of novaluron to the furanicotinyl compound may be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0401] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to dinotefuran in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to dinotefuran is 1:1. The weight ratio of novaluron to dinotefuran may be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0402] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the organic phosphate compound in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the organic phosphate compound is 1:1. In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the organic phosphate compound is 1:10. The weight ratio of novaluron to the organic phosphate compound may be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0403] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to acephate in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to acephate is 1:10. The weight ratio of novaluron to acephate may be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0404] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to malathion in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to malathion is 1:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to malathion is 1:10. The weight ratio of novaluron to malathion can be an intermediate range selected from the ratios set forth above.

[0405] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the foliar contact insecticide in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the foliar contact insecticide is In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to foliar contact insecticide is 100: 1. The weight ratio of novaluron to foliar contact insecticide can be any intermediate range selected from the ratios set forth above.

[0406] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the foliar contact insecticide in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the foliar contact insecticide is 1:5. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the foliar contact insecticide is 100:1. The weight ratio of novaluron to the foliar contact insecticide may be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0407] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spiromesifen in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spiromesifen is 1:5. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to spiromesifen is 100:1. The weight ratio of novaluron to spiromesifen may be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0408] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the phenylpyrazole compound in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the phenylpyrazole compound is about 1:1 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the phenylpyrazole compound is about 1:100 to 1:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the phenylpyrazole compound is about 1:1 to 10:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the phenylpyrazole compound is 1:1. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the phenylpyrazole compound is 100:1. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the phenylpyrazole compound is 10:1. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the phenylpyrazole compound is 1:100. The weight ratio of novaluron to the phenylpyrazole compound may be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0409] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to fipronil in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to fipronil is about 1:1 to 100:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to fipronil is about 1:100 to 1:1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to fipronil is about 1:1 to 10:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to fipronil is 1:1. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to fipronil is 100:1. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to fipronil is 10:1. In another particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to fipronil is 1:100. The weight ratio of novaluron to fipronil may be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0410] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the phenylpyrazole insecticide in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In a particular embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to the phenylpyrazole insecticide is 1:1. The weight ratio of novaluron to the phenylpyrazole insecticide may be any intermediate range selected from the ratios set forth above.

[0411] In one embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to nicofluprole in the composition is about 1:100 to 100:1. In a specific embodiment, the weight ratio of novaluron to nicofluprole is 1:1. The weight ratio of novaluron to nicofluprole may be an intermediate range selected from the ratios shown above.

[0412] Application of the compositions of the present invention to plants may also result in an increase in crop yield.

[0413] The pesticidal mixture may be applied by furrow spray, foliar application, broadcast application, basal application, soil application, soil incorporation or soil injection. The pesticidal mixture may be applied at an early stage of the crop cycle, for example, before or after sowing the crop.

[0414] In further embodiments, the mixture is applied in non-crop areas including, but not limited to, commercial areas, residential areas, lawns, ornamentals, shrubs, trees, parks, livestock areas, warehouses, food storage facilities, grain silos, turfgrass, pastures, grasslands, rangelands, fallow land, railroad rights-of-way, golf courses, parks, roadsides, power lines, pipelines, railroad tracks, forests, wells, and equipment yards.

[0415] In yet another embodiment, plants include vegetables such as tomatoes, peppers, cabbage, broccoli, lettuce, spinach, cauliflower, cucurbits, melons, watermelons, cucumbers, carrots, onions, potatoes, tobacco, pome and stone fruits, walnuts, kiwi, berries, olives, almonds, pineapples, apples, pears, plums, peaches, and cherries, table and wine grapes, citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, grapefruit, and limes, cotton, soybeans, oilseed rape, nuts, wheat, barley, corn, sorghum, sunflowers, peanuts, rice, grasses, maize, coffee, beans, peas, yucca, sugar cane, clover, peppers, and ornamental plants such as roses.

[0416] In a further embodiment, plants include cultivated plants that, as a result of breeding and / or genetic modification methods, can tolerate the action of herbicides, fungicides or insecticides.

[0417] In another embodiment, the pest is from the order Coleoptera, for example Acanthoscelides spp. (weevils), Acanthoscelides obtectus (bean weevils), Agrilus planipennis (emerald borer), Agriotes spp. (click beetle larvae), Anoplophora glabripennis (shiny long-horned beetle), Anthonomus spp. (weevils), Anthonomus grandis (boll weevils), Aphidius spp. spp.), Apion spp. (weevils), Apogonia spp. (maggots), Ataenius spretulus (black turfgrass), Atomaria linearis (pygmy mangold beet), Aulacophore spp., Bothynoderes punctiventris (beetroot weevils), Bruchus spp. (weevils), Bruchus pisorum (pea weevils), Cacoesia spp., Callosobruchus maculatus maculatus (Cowpea weevil), Carpophilus hemipteras (Chestnut leaf beetle), Cassida vittata, Cerosterna spp., Cerotoma spp. (Leaf beetles), Cerotoma trifurcata (Bean leaf beetle), Ceutorhynchus spp.)(Weevil), Ceutorhynchus assimilis(Cabbage pod weevil), Ceutorhynchus napi(Cabbage weevil. (soil beetles), Chaetocnema spp. (leaf beetles), Colaspis spp. (soil beetles), Conoderus scalaris, Conoderus stigmosus, Conotrachelus nenuphar (plum curculio), Cotinus nitidis (green spoon beetle), Crioceris asparagi (asparagus beetle), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (rust-headed aphid), Cryptolestes pusillus pusillus (Cryptolestes tursicus) turcicus (Turkish flathead beetle), Ctenicera spp. (click beetle larvae), Curculio spp. (weevils), Cyclocephala spp. (maggots), Cylindrocpturus adspersus (sunflower flea weevil), Deporaus marginatus (mango leaf cutting weevil), Dermestes lardarius (banded weevils), Dermestes maculates (white weevils), Diabrotica spp. spp. (leaf beetles), Epilachna varivestis (green ladybird beetle), Faustinus cubae, Hylobius pales (pales weevil), Hypera spp. (weevils), Hypera postica (alfalfa weevil), Hyperdoes spp. (hyperdes weevil), Hypothenemus hampei (coffee flea beetle), Ips spp. (bark beetles), Lasioderma serricorne (tobacco beetle), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle), Liogenys futscus, Liogenys suturalis, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (rice water weevil), Lyctus spp. (bark beetles), Maecolaspis joliveti, Megascelis spp.), Melanotus communis, Meligethes spp., Meligethes aeneus (Blossom Beetle), Melolontha (European Cockchafer), Oberea brevis, Oberea linearis, Oryctes rhinoceros (Formosan Stag Beetle), Oryzaephilus mercator (Large Sawtooth Flathead Beetle), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Sawtooth Flathead Beetle), Otiorhynchus spp. spp. (weevils), Oulema melanopus (rice leaf beetle), Oulema oryzae, Pantomorus spp. (weevils), Phyllophaga spp. (May / June beetles), Phyllophaga cuyabana, Phyllotreta spp. (leaf beetles), Phinchites spp., Popillia japonica (beehive), Prostephanus tornka. Prostephanus truncates (Large boston beetle), Rhizopertha dominica (Large boston beetle), Rhizotrogus spp. (Diamond beetle), Rhynchophorus spp. (Weevils), Scolytus spp. (Bark beetles), Shenophorus spp. (Weevils), Sitona lineatus lineatus (red-legged weevil), Sitophilus granaries (granary weevil), Sitophilus oryzae (rice weevil), Stegobium paniceum (rice beetle), Tribolium spp. (red flour beetles), Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetles), Tribolium confusum (flat-headed flour beetle), Trogoderma variabilis (Trogoderma variabilis) variabile (spotted cutworm beetle) and Zabrus tenebioides (Zabrus tenebioides).

[0418] In yet another embodiment, the pest is from the order Diptera, for example, Aedes spp. (mosquitoes), Agromyza frontella (alfalfa blotch leaf miner), Agromyza spp. (leafminers), Anastrepha spp. (fruit flies), Anastrepha suspensa, suspensa (Caribbean fruit flies), Anopheles spp. (mosquitoes), Batrocera spp. (fruit flies), Bactrocera cucurbitae (melon flies), Bactrocera dorsalis (oriental fruit flies), Ceratitis spp. (fruit flies), Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit flies), Chrysops spp. (deer flies), Cocliliomyia spp. (screwworm flies), Contarinia spp. spp. (gall flies), Culex spp. (mosquitoes), Dasineura spp. (gall flies), Dasineura brassicae (cabbage gall flies), Delia spp., Delia platura (seed flies), Drosophila spp. (fruit flies), Fannia spp. (filth flies), Fannia canicularis (little house flies), Fannia scalaris (big-footed house fly), Gasterophilus intestinalis (horse fly), Gracillia perseae, Haematobia irritans (horn fly), Hylemyia spp. (root borers), Hypoderma lineatum (house fly), Liriomyza spp. (leafminers), Liriomyza brassica (bean leafminers), Melophagus ovinus (sheep hood), Musca spp. spp. (house flies), Musca autumnalis (non-biting flies), Musca domestica (house fly), Oestrus ovis (sheep fly), Oscinella frit (food miner), Pegomyia betae (sugar beet leafminer) Carrot fly, Phorbia spp., Psila rosae (carrot rust fly), Rhagoletis cerasi (cherry fruit fly), Rhagoletis pomonella (apple fruit fly), Sitodiplosis These are Stomoxys mosellana (wheat flies), Stomoxys calcitrans (stable flies), Tabanus spp. (bottle flies) and Tipula spp. (crane flies).

[0419] In yet another embodiment, the pest is from the order Hemiptera, for example, Acrosternum hilare (red-legged stink bug), Blissus leucopterus (American long-legged stink bug), Calocoris norvegicus (potato milid), Cimex hemipterus (tropical bedbug), Cimex lectularius (bedbug), Dagbertus fasciatus (swarming bug ... fasciatus, Dichelops furcatus, Dysdercus suturellus (Cotton Steiner), Edessa meditabunda, Eurygaster maura (Brown stink bug), Euschistus heros, Euschistus servus (Brown stink bug), Helopeltis antonii, Helopeltis theivora (Tea bright plant bug), Lagynotomus spp. (Stink bugs), Leptocorisa oratorius, Leptocorisa varicornis, Lygus spp. (mirid bugs), Lygus hesperus (western mistletoe), Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Neurocolpus longirostris, Nezara viridula (southern green stink bug), Paratrioza cockerelli, Phytocoris spp. (mirid bugs), Phytocoris californicus, Phytocoris relativus, Piezodorus guildingi, Poecilocapsus lineatus (four-lined plant bug), Psallus vaccinicola, Pseudacysta perseae, Scaptocoris castanea and Triatoma spp. (blood-sucking assassin bugs).

[0420] In yet another embodiment, the pest is from the order Homoptera, for example Acrythosiphon pisum (pea aphid), Adelges spp. (aphids), Aleurodes proletella (whitefly), Aleurodicus disperses, Aleurothrixus floccosus (woolly whitefly), Aluacaspis spp., Amrasca bigutella, Aphrophora spp. (leafhoppers), A. cernua (scale insects ... onidiella aurantii (scale insect), Aphis spp. (aphids), Aphis gossypii (cotton aphid), Aphis pomi (apple aphid), Aulacorthum solani (potato aphid), Bemisia spp. (whiteflies), Bemisia argentifolii (silverleaf whitefly), Bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly), Brachycolus noxius (Russian aphid), Brachycorynella asparagii (whitefly), asparagi (asparagus aphid), Brevennia rehi, Brevicoryne brassicae (cabbage aphid), Ceroplastes spp. (scale insects), Ceroplastes rubens (ruby wax scale insects), Chionaspis spp. (scale insects), Chrysomphalus spp. (scale insects), Coccus spp. (scale insects), Dysaphis plantaginea (plantain aphid), Empoasca spp. (leafhoppers), Eriosoma lanigerum (apple aphid), Icerya purchasi (Icerya scale insect), Idioscopus nitidulus (mango leafhopper), Laodelphax striatellus (small brown planthopper), Lepidosaphes spp., Macrosiphum spp.), Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Potato aphid), Macrosiphum granarium (Wheat aphid), Macrosiphum rosae (Brown aphid), Macrosteles quadrilineatus (Striped leafhopper), Mahanarva frimbiolata, Metopolophium dirhodum (Wheat aphid), Mictis longicornis, Myzus persicae (Peach aphid), Nephotettix species spp. (leafhoppers), Nephotettix cinctipes (green rice leafhopper), Nilaparvata lugens (brown planthopper), Parlatoria pergandii (spotted scale), Parlatoria ziziphi (small black scale), Peregrinus maidis (corn planthopper), Philaenus spp. (foxtail bugs), Phylloxera vitifoliae (grape aphid), Physokermes piceae (spurbud scale), Planococcus spp. spp. (mealybugs), Pseudococcus spp. (mealybugs), Pseudococcus brevipes (pineapple mealybug), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (San Jose scale), Rhapalosiphum spp.)(aphids), Rhapalosiphum maida (corn aphids), Rhapalosiphum padi (corn aphids), Rhapalosiphum maida (corn aphids), Rhapalosiph. um padi (wheat curl aphid), Saissetia spp. (scale insects), Saissetia oleae (olive scale insect), Schizaphis graminum (wheat green aphid), Sitobion avenae (wheat long-horn aphid), Sogatella furcifera (white-backed planthoppers), Therioaphis spp. (aphids), Toumeyella spp. (scale insects), Toxoptera spp. (aphids), Trialeurodes spp. (whiteflies), Trialeurodes vaporariorum (greenhouse whitefly), Trialeurodes abutiloneus (banded-wing white fly), Unaspis spp. (scale insects), Unaspis yanonensis (Yanone scale insects) and Zulia entreliana entreriana).

[0421] In yet another embodiment, the pest is from the order Lepidoptera, for example Achoea janata, Adoxophyes spp., Adoxophyes orana, orana, Agrotis spp. (cutworms), Agrotis ipsilon (cutworm moth), Alabama argillacea (spodoptera), Amorbia cuneana, Amyelosis transitella transitella (Walnut moth), Anacamptodes defectaria, Anarsia lineatella (Peach leaf moth), Anomis sabulifera (Jute trooper), Anticarsia gemmatalis (Velvet bean caterpillar), Archips argyrospila (Fruit leafroller), Archips rosana (Rose leaf roller), Argyrotaenia spp. (Tortrictidae), Argyrotaenia citrana (Citrus leaf moth), Autographa gamma, Bonagota cranaodes, Borbo cinnara (rice leafroller), Bucculatrix sulbellata thurberiella (Usmadaramgri moth), Caloptilia spp. (Leafminers), Capua reticulana, Carposina niponensis (Peach fruit moth), Chilo spp., Chlumetia transversa (Mango leaf moth), Choristoneura rosaceana (Lotus band moth), Chrysodeixis spp., Cnaphalocerus medinalis (Grass leaf roller), Colias spp., Conpomorpha cramerella, Cossus (sod webworm), Crambus spp. (sod webworm), Cydia funebrana (plum moth), Cydia molesta (pear fruit moth), Cydia nignicana (pea moth), Cydia pomonella (codling moth), Darna d iducta, Diaphania spp. (Thorn Beetles), Diatraea spp. (Stalk Borer), Diatraea saccharalis (Sugar Cane Borer), Diatraea graniosella (Southwestern Corn Borer), Earias spp. (Bollworm), Earias insulata (Missia Oringa), Earias vitella (Rough Northern Ballworm), Ecdytopopha aurantianum, Elasmopalpus lignocellus lignosellus (corn moth), Epiphysias postruttana (light brown apple moth), Ephestia spp. (corn moth), Ephestia cautella (striped moth), Ephestia elutella (brown moth), Ephestia kuehniella (striped moth), Epimeces spp., Epinotia aporema, Erionota thrax (banana skipper), Eupoecilia ambiguera ambiguella (grape bean moth), Euxoa auxiliaris (army cutworm), Feltia spp. (cutworms), Gortyna spp. (stemming beetles), Grapholita molesta (pear fruit moth), Hedylepta indicata (weed moth), Helicoverpa spp.) (noctuid moth), Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm), Helicoverpa zea (bollworm / tobacco budworm), Heliothis spp. (noctuid moth), Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm), Hellula undalis (high-altitude moth), Indarbela spp. (rootworm), Keiferia lycopersicella (tomato bug), Leucinodes orbonalis (eggplant borer), Leucoptera malifoliella, Lithocollectis spp. spp.), Lobesia botrana (Grapefruit Moth), Loxagrotis spp. (Noctuid Moth), Loxagrotis albicosta (Western Bean Cutworm), Lymantria dispar (Gypsy Moth), Lyonetia. clerkella (golden stalk moth), Mahasena corbetti (oil palm bagworm), Malacosoma spp. (tent caterpillar), Mamestra brassicae (cutworm moth), Maruca testulalis (bean borer), Metisa plana (bagworm), Mythimna unipuncta (true armyworm), Neoleucinodes elegantalis (tomato small borer), Nymphula depunctalis (rice water borer), Operophthera brumata (Winter moth), Ostrinia nubilalis (European corn borer), Oxydia vesulia, Pandemis cerasana asana (Japanese bush moth), Pandemis heparana (spring moth), Papilio demodocus, Pectinophora gossypiella (cotton bollworm), Peridroma spp. (cutworms), Peridroma saucia (false cutworm), Perileucoptera coffeella (white coffee leaf miner), Phthorimaea operculella (potato tuber moth), Phyllocnisitis citrella, Phyllonorycter spp. (leafminers), Pieris rapae (cabbage white butterfly), Plathypena scabra, Plodia interpunctella (Indian meal moth), Plutella xylostella (diamond moth), Polychrosis viteana (grape moth), Prays endocarpa, Prays oleae (olive moss), Pseudaletia spp. (naught moth), Pseudaletia unipunctata (cutworm), Pseudoplusia includens (goldworm), Rachiplusia nu, Scirpophaga incertulas, Sesamia spp. (stemming beetles), Sesamia inferens (rice armyworm), Sesamia nonagrioides, Setora nitens nitens, Sitotroga cerealella (Moth), Sparaganothis pilleriana, Spodoptera spp. (Cutworms), Spodoptera exigua (Beetle Moth), Spodoptera littoralis (Egyptian Armyworm), Spodoptera frugiperda (Striped Armyworm), Spodoptera oridania (Southern Armyworm), Synanthedon spp. (Rootworms), Thecla basilides, Thermisia gemmatalis gemmatalis, Tineola bisselliella (the rice moth), Trichoplusia ni (the nettle looper), Tuta absoluta, Yponomeuta spp., Zeuzera coffeae (the coffee bean) and Zeuzera pyrina (the leopard moth).

[0422] In yet another embodiment, the pest is from the order Orthoptera, such as Anabrus simplex (Mormon cricket), Gryllotalpidae (crickets), Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus spp. (grasshoppers), Microcentrum retinerve (angular-winged katydids), Pterophylla spp. (katydids), chistocerca gregaria, Scudderia furcata (fork-tailed bush katydids), and Valanga nigricorni.

[0423] In yet another embodiment, the pest is from the order Thysanoptera, for example, Frankliniella fusca (tobacco thrips), Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips), Frankliniella shultzei, Frankliniella williamsi (corn thrips), Heliothrips haemorrhaidalis (croton thrips), Riphiphorothrips cruentatus, Scirtothrips spp., Scirtothrips citri (citrus slip), Scirtothrips dorsalis (tea tree thrips), Taeniothrips rhopalantennalis and Thrips spp.

[0424] In some embodiments, insects include, but are not limited to, spider mites, Tetranychus urticae, Spodoptera spp., Helicoverpa spp., Aphis spp., Myzus spp., Bemisia tabaci, Trialurodes vaporariorum, Tuta absoluta, Halyomorpha halys, Drosophila spp., Frankliniella spp., Tetranichus spp., and Lygus spp.

[0425] The effective application rate of Novaluron and one of the active compounds designated as compound II as defined above cannot be generally defined since it varies depending on various conditions, such as type of formulation, weather conditions, type of crop and type of pest.

[0426] The application rate of the combination on the field can vary depending on the desired effect. In one embodiment, depending on the desired effect, the application rate of the mixture according to the invention is from 1 g ai / ha to 1000 g ai / ha, in particular from 1 to 500 g ai / ha, more particularly from 1 to 100 g ai / ha. It is ai / ha.

[0427] Correspondingly, the application rate for Novaluron on the field is generally 1 to 1000 g / ha. In some embodiments, the application rate for Novaluron is generally 1 to 500 g / ha, in particular 1 to 100 g / ha.

[0428] Correspondingly, the application rate of one of the active compounds as represented by compound II as defined above on the field is generally 1 to 1000 g / ha. In some embodiments, the application rate of one of the active compounds as represented by compound II as defined above is generally 1 to 500 g / ha, in particular 1 to 100 g / ha.

[0429] The present subject matter further relates to a method of reducing the total amount of insecticidal active compound needed to control unwanted pests by a) applying Novaluron at an application rate of about 25% to about 75% of the recommended application rate, and b) applying one of the active compounds designated as Compound II as defined above.

[0430] That is, each of the active compounds represented by Novaluron and Compound II as defined above may be applied together or sequentially. In one example, Novaluron and Compound II as defined above are prepared separately, and the individual formulations are applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In a further example, Novaluron and Compound II as defined above are prepared separately, and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, Novaluron and one of the active compounds represented by Compound II as defined above are combined together, and the formulations are applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0431] As merely representative examples, novaluron and methoxyfenozide can be applied simultaneously, i.e., together or separately, or sequentially, with the sequence generally having no effect on the outcome of the control measures when applied separately. In one example, novaluron and methoxyfenozide are prepared separately, and the individual formulations are applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration. In a further example, novaluron and methoxyfenozide are prepared separately, and the formulations are mixed when diluted to a predetermined concentration. In another example, novaluron and methoxyfenozide are formulated together, and the formulations are applied as is or diluted to a predetermined concentration.

[0432] In some embodiments, the components of the mixture or composition of the present disclosure are applied at least once during the growing season.

[0433] In some embodiments, the components of the mixture or composition of the present disclosure are applied two or more times during the growing season.

[0434] In some embodiments, the components of the mixture or composition disclosed herein are applied as soil application. In some embodiments, the mixture or composition described herein is applied as foliar application. In some embodiments, the components of the mixture or composition are applied as seed treatment.

[0435] In some embodiments, the composition is a synergistic composition.

[0436] In yet another embodiment, the synergistic compositions may be applied in various mixtures or combinations of Novaluron and one of the active compounds, such as designated Compound II as defined above, in a single "ready to use" form or in a combined spray mixture, e.g., "tank mix" form, composed of separate formulations of a single active ingredient.

[0437] In further embodiments, the synergistic compositions may be applied in various mixtures or combinations of Novaluron and one of the active compounds designated as Compound II as defined above, in a single "ready to use" form or in a combined spray mixture, e.g., "tank mix" form, composed of separate formulations of a single active ingredient.

[0438] Merely by way of representative example, the compositions are applied in the form of a ready-to-use formulation containing novaluron and a diacylhydrazine insecticide (e.g., methoxyfenozide), which can be obtained by combining effective amounts of the active ingredients with agriculturally acceptable carriers, surfactants, or other application-enhancing adjuvants commonly used in the formulation art.

[0439] For a particular representative example, the composition of the present invention preferably comprises novaluron and methoxyfenozide, which can be obtained by combining the two active ingredients with an agriculturally acceptable carrier, surfactant, or other application-enhancing adjuvant commonly used in the formulation art. It is applied in the form of a formulation which is ready for use.

[0440] The compositions may be used or prepared in any conventional form, for example as wettable powders (WP), emulsion concentrates (EC), microemulsion concentrates (MEC), water-soluble powders (SP), water-soluble concentrates (SL), suspoemulsions (SE), oil dispersions (OD), concentrated emulsions (BW), such as oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions, sprayable solutions or emulsions, capsule suspensions (CS), suspension concentrates (SC), suspension concentrates, dusts (DP), oil-miscible solutions (OL), seed dressing products; granules (GR) in the form of microgranules, spray granules, coated granules and absorbent granules, granules for soil application or general application, water-soluble granules (SG), water-dispersible granules (WDG); ULV formulations, microcapsules or waxes. These individual formulation types are known in the art.

[0441] According to one embodiment, the composition comprises at least one further component selected from the group of surfactants, solid excipients and liquid excipients.

[0442] Such compositions may be formulated using agriculturally acceptable carriers, surfactants, or other application enhancing adjuvants commonly used in the formulation art and formulation techniques known in the art.

[0443] Examples of suitable liquid carriers potentially useful in the present compositions include, but are not limited to, water; aromatic hydrocarbons such as alkylbenzenes and alkylnaphthalenes; alcohols such as cyclohexanol and decanol; ethylene glycol; polypropylene glycol; dipropylene glycol; N,N-dimethylformamide; dimethylsulfoxide; dimethylacetamide; N-alkylpyrrolidones such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; paraffin; various oils such as olive, castor, linseed, tung, sesame, corn, peanut, cottonseed, soybean, rapeseed, or palm oil; fatty acid esters; ketones such as cyclohexanone, 2-heptanone, isophorone, and 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone.

[0444] Examples of suitable solid carriers potentially useful in the present compositions include, but are not limited to, mineral earths such as silica gel, silicates, talc, kaolin, sericite, attaclay, limestone, bentonite, lime, chalk, bole, mirabilite, loess, clay, dolomite, zeolites, diatomaceous earth, calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, and sodium sulfate; ground synthetic materials; fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea, and vegetable derived products such as grain meals, bark meals, wood flour, and nut shell meals; cellulose powders; and other solid carriers.

[0445] Examples of suitable surfactants include, but are not limited to, nonionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric types, such as alkoxylated fatty alcohols, ethoxylated polysorbates (e.g., Tween 20), ethoxylated castor oil, lignin sulfonates, fatty acid sulfonates (e.g., lauryl sulfonate), phosphate esters, such as phosphate esters of alcohol alkoxylates, phosphate esters of alkylphenol alkoxylates, and phosphate esters of styrylphenol ethoxylates, condensates of sulfonated naphthalene and naphthalene derivatives with formaldehyde, condensates of naphthalene or naphthalene sulfonic acid with phenol and formaldehyde, alkylaryl sulfonates, ethoxylated alkylphenols and arylphenols, polyalkylene glycols, sorbitol esters, alkali metals, sodium salts of lignosulfonates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate esters, fatty alcohol ethoxylates, alkoxylated glycerols, ... Examples of surfactants include alkylphenol ethoxylates, ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block copolymers, graft copolymers, and polyvinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymers. Other surfactants known in the art may be used, as desired.

[0446] Other ingredients, such as wetting agents, defoamers, adhesives, neutralizing agents, thickeners, binders, sequestrants, fertilizers, biocides, stabilizers, buffers, or cryoprotectants, may also be added to the compositions described to increase the stability, density, and viscosity of the compositions.

[0447] Aqueous use forms can be prepared from emulsion concentrates, suspensions, pastes, wettable powders or water-dispersible granules by adding water.To prepare emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions, the components of the composition as such or dissolved in oil or solvent can be homogenized in water using wetting agents, tackifiers, dispersants or emulsifiers.Alternatively, it is also possible to prepare concentrates that contain active ingredient, wetting agents, tackifiers, dispersants or emulsifiers, and, if necessary, solvent or oil, suitable for dilution with water.

[0448] In some embodiments, the mixture, combination, composition, or synergistic mixture or composition comprises one or more additional active ingredients. In some embodiments, the mixture or synergistic mixture comprises one or more additional non-active ingredients.

[0449] The present compositions may include additional crop protection agents, such as insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, bactericides, nematicides, molluscicides, growth regulators, biological materials, fertilizers, or mixtures thereof. However, for the avoidance of doubt, it is understood that such additional crop protection agents are not necessary to achieve the desired control of pests as achieved by the present combinations.

[0450] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a kit comprising a synergistic pesticidal composition as described herein, or components thereof. Such a kit may contain, in addition to the active components described above, one or more further active and / or inactive ingredients, either within the pesticidal composition provided or separately.

[0451] As stated above, the compositions, kits, and methods described herein exhibit synergistic effects. Synergistic effects exist whenever the effect of a combination of active components is greater than the sum of the effects of each of the components alone. Thus, a synergistically effective amount (or an effective amount of a synergistic composition or combination) is an amount that exhibits greater pesticidal activity than the sum of the activities of the individual components.

[0452] How to use The present invention provides a method for controlling insects by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding sites or habitats thereof with an effective amount of any one of the mixtures or compositions disclosed herein to thereby control the insects.

[0453] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, T. absoluta, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and a diacylhydrazine insecticide in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0454] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, T. absoluta, by administering to the insect or its food source, habitat, breeding ground or habitat thereof an effective amount of novaluron and methoxyphenodil in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1. The present invention provides a method for controlling said insects by contacting said insects with a synergistic mixture of

[0455] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, T. absoluta, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and methoxyfenozide in a ratio of 1:1 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0456] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, T. absoluta, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and a spinosyn insecticide in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0457] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, T. absoluta, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and spinetoram in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0458] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, T. absoluta, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and spinetoram in a ratio of 1:100, thereby controlling the insect.

[0459] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, T. absoluta, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and spinetoram in a ratio of 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0460] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, T. absoluta, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and spinetoram in a 1:1 ratio, thereby controlling the insect.

[0461] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and a diacylhydrazine insecticide in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0462] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and methoxyfenozide in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0463] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their feeding locations, habitats, breeding sites or their habitats with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and methoxyfenozide in a 1:1 ratio, thereby controlling the insect.

[0464] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and a spinosyn insecticide in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0465] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and spinetoram in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0466] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and spinetoram in a ratio of 1:5 to 5:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0467] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of Novaluron and one of the arylisoxazolines that are gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channel allosteric modulator insecticides in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0468] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and isocycloceram in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0469] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and isocycloceram in a 1:1 ratio, thereby controlling the insect.

[0470] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and one of the diamides, which are highly specific ryanodine receptor (RyR) modulator insecticides, in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0471] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and tetraniliprole in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0472] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for the treatment of insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding sites or areas thereof, thereby controlling the insect, S. littoralis. A method for controlling said insects is provided by contacting their habitat with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and tetraniliprole in a ratio of 1:5 to 5:1.

[0473] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of Novaluron and one of the mesoionic pyrido[1,2-α]pyrimidinone insecticides in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0474] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and dichloromezothiaz in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0475] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and dichloromezothiaz in a 1:1 ratio, thereby controlling the insect.

[0476] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and a chemotype insecticide in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0477] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and flupirimin in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0478] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their feeding locations, habitats, breeding sites or their habitats with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and flupirimine in a 1:1 ratio, thereby controlling the insect.

[0479] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of Novaluron and an organofluorine compound in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0480] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and ticlopyrazoflor in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0481] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for the detection of an insect, S. littora lis) by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and ticlopyrazoflor in a 1:1 ratio.

[0482] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and a furanicotinyl compound in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0483] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and dinotefuran in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0484] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their feeding locations, habitats, breeding sites or their habitats with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and dinotefuran in a 1:1 ratio, thereby controlling the insect.

[0485] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and a phenylpyrazole compound in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0486] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and fipronil in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0487] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and fipronil in a ratio of 1:1 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0488] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and a phenylpyrazole insecticide in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0489] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and nicofluprole in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0490] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. littoralis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and nicofluprole in a 1:1 ratio, thereby controlling the insect.

[0491] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, F. occidentalis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and a spinosyn insecticide in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0492] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, F. occidentalis, by contacting the insect or its food source, habitat, breeding ground or habitat thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and spinosad in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0493] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, F. occidentalis, by contacting the insects or their feeding locations, habitats, breeding sites or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and spinosad in a ratio of 1:1 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0494] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, F. occidentalis, by contacting the insect or its food source, habitat, breeding ground or habitat thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and spinetoram in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0495] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, F. occidentalis, by contacting the insects or their feeding locations, habitats, breeding sites or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and spinetoram in a ratio of 1:1 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0496] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, F. occidentalis, by contacting the insect or its food source, habitat, breeding ground or habitat thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and an organophosphate compound insecticide in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0497] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, F. occidentalis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and malathion in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0498] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a synergistic combination of effective amounts of novaluron and malathion in a 1:1 ratio with insects or their feeding sites, habitats, breeding sites or habitats thereof to thereby control the insect, F. occidentalis. A method for controlling said insects by contacting the mixture with

[0499] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, F. occidentalis, by contacting the insect or its food source, habitat, breeding ground or habitat thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture insecticide of novaluron and phenylpyrazole compounds in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0500] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, F. occidentalis, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and fipronil in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0501] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. frugiperda, by contacting the insects or their feeding locations, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and a spinosyn insecticide in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0502] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. frugiperda, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and spinetoram in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0503] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. frugiperda, by contacting the insects or their feeding locations, habitats, breeding sites or their habitats with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and spinetoram in a ratio of 1:5 to 5:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0504] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. frugiperda, by contacting the insect or its food source, habitat, breeding ground or habitat thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and one of the GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulator insecticides, metadiamide, in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0505] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. frugiperda, by contacting the insects or their feeding locations, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and broflanilide in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0506] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. frugiperda, by contacting the insects or their feeding locations, habitats, breeding sites or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and broflanilide in a ratio of 1:1 to 10:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0507] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for the detection of an insect, S. frugiperda, erda) by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and one of the highly specific ryanodine receptor (RyR) modulator insecticide diamides in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1.

[0508] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. frugiperda, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and tetraniliprole in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0509] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, S. frugiperda, by contacting the insects or their feeding locations, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and tetraniliprole in a ratio of from 2.5:1 to 25:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0510] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, M. persicae, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and one of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor insecticides in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0511] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, M. persicae, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and spirotetramat in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0512] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, M. persicae, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and spirotetramat in a ratio of 1:100, thereby controlling said insects.

[0513] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, M. persicae, by contacting the insect or its food source, habitat, breeding ground or habitat thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and a sulfoximine compound insecticide in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0514] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, M. persicae, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and sulfoxaflor in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0515] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, M. persicae, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and sulfoxaflor in a ratio of from 1:5 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0516] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method for the detection of an insect, M. persicae The present invention provides a method for controlling insects, such as styrofoam, ...

[0517] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, M. persicae, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of Novaluron and Acephate in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0518] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, M. persicae, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and acephate in a ratio of 1:10, thereby controlling the insect.

[0519] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, M. persicae, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of Novaluron and a foliar contact insecticide in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0520] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, M. persicae, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and spiromesifen in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0521] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, M. persicae, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and spiromesifen in a ratio of 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0522] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, T. urticae, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and one of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor insecticides in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0523] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, T. urticae, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and spirotetramat in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0524] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, T. urticae, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and spirotetramat in a ratio of 1:100 to 1:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0525] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, T. urticae, by contacting the insect or its food source, habitat, breeding ground or habitat thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and a pyrrole compound insecticide in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect. .

[0526] In one embodiment, there is provided a method for controlling the insect, T. urticae, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and chlorfenapyr in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0527] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, T. urticae, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and chlorfenapyr in a ratio of 1:10 to 50:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0528] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, B. tabaci, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and a chordotonal TRPV (transient receptor potential vanilloid) channel modulator insecticide in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0529] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, B. tabaci, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and afidopyropen in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0530] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, B. tabaci, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and afidopyropen in a ratio of 1:5 to 5:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0531] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, A. gossyppii, by contacting the insect or its food source, habitat, breeding ground or habitat thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of Novaluron and an organophosphate compound insecticide in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0532] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, A. gossyppii, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of Novaluron and Malathion in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0533] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, A. gossyppii, by contacting the insects or their feeding locations, habitats, breeding sites or their habitats with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and malathion in a 1:10 ratio, thereby controlling the insect.

[0534] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, A. gossyppii, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of Novaluron and a foliar contact insecticide in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0535] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, A. gossyppii, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and spiromesifen in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0536] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, A. gossyppii, by contacting the insects or their feeding locations, habitats, breeding sites or their habitats with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and spiromesifen in a 1:5 ratio, thereby controlling the insect.

[0537] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, H. halys, by contacting the insect or its food source, habitat, breeding ground or habitat thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture insecticide of novaluron and phenylpyrazole compounds in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0538] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, H. halys, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and fipronil in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, thereby controlling the insect.

[0539] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling the insect, H. halys, by contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or habitats thereof with an effective amount of a synergistic mixture of novaluron and fipronil in a 10:1 ratio, thereby controlling the insect.

[0540] The present invention provides a method for protecting plants from attack or infestation by insects, comprising contacting the plant, or the soil or water in which the plant is growing, with an effective amount of any one of the mixtures or compositions disclosed herein, thereby protecting the plant from attack or infestation by insects.

[0541] The present invention provides a method for enhancing knockdown activity and / or prolonged control, comprising contacting a plant, or the soil or water in which the plant is growing, with an effective amount of any one of the mixtures or compositions disclosed herein to thereby enhance knockdown activity and / or prolonged control.

[0542] The present invention provides a method for increasing resistance to novaluron, comprising contacting the plant, or the soil or water in which the plant is growing, with an effective amount of any one of the mixtures or compositions disclosed herein, thereby increasing resistance to novaluron.

[0543] The present invention provides a method for improving the root system and / or the development of a crop plant and / or improving the vigor of a crop plant and / or improving the potential yield of a plant, comprising applying an effective amount of any one of the mixtures or compositions disclosed herein to one or more plants, their habitats or their propagation materials.

[0544] The present invention provides a method for enhancing plant development, comprising applying an effective amount of any one of the mixtures or compositions disclosed herein to one or more plants, their habitats, or their propagation materials, thereby enhancing plant development.

[0545] The present invention provides a method for enhancing a root system, comprising applying an effective amount of any one of the mixtures or compositions disclosed herein to one or more plants, their habitats, or their propagation materials to thereby enhance the root system.

[0546] The present invention provides a method for enhancing plant vitality, comprising applying an effective amount of any one of the mixtures or compositions disclosed herein to one or more plants, their habitats, or their propagation materials, thereby enhancing plant vitality.

[0547] The present invention provides a method for improving the potential yield of a plant, comprising applying an effective amount of any one of the mixtures or compositions disclosed herein to one or more plants, their habitats, or their propagation materials, thereby improving the potential yield of the plant.

[0548] The present invention provides a method for regulating plant growth, comprising applying an effective amount of any one of the mixtures or compositions disclosed herein to one or more plants, their habitats, or their propagation materials, thereby regulating plant growth.

[0549] The present invention also provides a method for enhancing plant growth comprising applying an effective amount of any one of the mixtures and / or compositions disclosed herein to one or more plants, their habitats, or their propagation materials.

[0550] In some embodiments, the mixtures and formulations of the present invention are applied as a knockdown treatment.

[0551] In some embodiments, mixtures and formulations of the present invention are applied to provide long-lasting pesticidal control.

[0552] The following examples illustrate the practice of the invention in some of its embodiments, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and examples. It is intended that the specification, including the examples, be considered illustrative, without limiting the scope and spirit of the invention. EXAMPLES

[0553] A synergistic effect exists whenever the effect of a combination of active ingredients is greater than the sum of the effects of each of the ingredients alone. Thus, a synergistic combination is a combination of active ingredients that has an effect that is greater than the sum of the effects of each active ingredient alone, and a synergistically effective amount is an effective amount of the synergistic combination.

[0554] The Colby method is used to determine whether synergy exists for combinations of active ingredients. According to Colby, the predicted effect (E) of active ingredients A+B is:

number

[0555] Synergy exists when the observed percentage of control (O) for a combination is greater than the predicted percentage (E). The synergy ratio (R) is calculated as the ratio between the predicted and observed values. If the synergy ratio (R) between observed and predicted values ​​is >1, synergy is indicated, if R=1, the effects are additive, and if R<1, the mix is ​​antagonistic.

[0556] For a more detailed description of the Colby equation, see Colby, S. R. "Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combination," Weeds, Vol. 15, pages 20-22; 1967; see also Limpel et al., Proc. NEWCC 16:48-53 (1962).

[0557] Insecticidal compounds A (Novaluron) and B (MixPartner) are formulated as equivalent suspension concentrates which eliminates the effect of different formulated inactivators on bioactivity. The efficacy of the insecticidal compositions is rated according to a 0% to 100% scale compared to untreated control plots. 0 means no damage and 100 means complete destruction of the harmful pest.

[0558] Representative experiments were conducted to evaluate the insecticidal control of novaluron, compound II, i.e., methoxyfenozide, and a mixture of novaluron and methoxyfenozide against Spodoptera littoralis larvae.

[0559] The experiments were carried out by applying commercial compositions of novaluron (Rimon®) and methoxyfenozide (Runner®) alone or together. The compositions were diluted with water to the stated concentrations of the active compounds.

[0560] The following active ingredients and mixtures thereof were evaluated: Novaluron: 0.01 mg ai / liter Methoxyfenozide: 0.01 mg ai / liter Novaluron + Methoxyfenozide, 0.01mg ai / liter + 0.01mg ai / liter

[0561] To evaluate the insecticidal control of novaluron and methoxyfenozide alone and in binary mixtures, castor leaves were treated with the treatments listed above. Treated leaves were exposed to third instar Spodoptera littoralis for 4 days of feeding, and larvae were exposed for an additional 4 days on untreated leaves. Larval mortality was determined on days 4 and 8. Each treatment consisted of 3-5 replicates of 10 larvae.

[0562] Table 1 below summarizes the calculated synergy (Colby synergy ratio) for mixtures of novaluron and methoxyfenozide at each of the evaluation periods.

[0563] [Table 1]

[0564] The above table clearly shows that the observed activity of the active compound combination according to the invention is greater than the calculated activity, ie a synergistic effect is present.

[0565] Larval weight gain (LWG) was also measured to determine the effectiveness of the mixture of novaluron and methoxyfenozide when compared to single applications of novaluron and methoxyfenozide.

[0566] Table 2 below also summarizes the calculated synergy (Colby ratio) on different pests for mixtures of novaluron and methoxyfenozide at each of the evaluation periods.

[0567] [Table 2]

[0568] Table 3 below summarizes the larval weight gain (LWG) determined 4 days after treatment for mixtures of novaluron and methoxyfenozide (compared to the control).

[0569] [Table 3]

[0570] As seen in Table 3, neither novaluron nor methoxyfenozide alone has any effect on the weight gain of Spodoptera littoralis larvae. However, when novaluron and methoxyfenozide are combined, the growth of the larvae is 57% less when compared to the growth of the larvae in the control treatment. This indicates that when combined, novaluron and methoxyfenozide have a greater effect on the feeding activity of S. littoralis.

[0571] Similarly, other mixtures of Novaluron were subjected to the following experimental procedures on various pests, the results of which are summarized in the table below.

[0572] [Table 4]

[0573] [Table 5]

[0574] [Table 6]

[0575] [Table 7]

[0576] [Table 8]

[0577]

Table 9

[0578]

Table 10

[0579]

Table 11

[0580]

Table 12

[0581]

Table 13

[0582]

Table 14

[0583]

Table 15

[0584]

Table 16

[0585]

Table 17

[0586]

Table 18

[0587] [Table 19]

[0588] [Table 20]

[0589] [Table 21]

[0590] [Table 22]

[0591] [Table 23]

[0592] [Table 24]

[0593] [Table 25]

[0594] While the present invention has been shown and described with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many substitutions, modifications and variations may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. Accordingly, it is intended to embrace all such substitutions, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and broad scope of the appended claims.

[0595] All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference herein.

Claims

1. As active compounds: i) Compound I, which is novaluron of formula (I); 【Chemistry 1】 and ii) at least one active compound II selected from groups A.1 to A.26: A.

1. Diacylhydrazine insecticides that are ecdysone agonists selected from the group including chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide; A.

2. Pyrethroid insecticides selected from the group including tau-fluvalinate, lambda-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin; A.

3. Spinosyn insecticides selected from the group including spinosad and spinetoram; A.

4. Tetramic acids, cyclic ketoenol insecticides that are acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitors, selected from the group including spiropydione and spirotetramat; A.

5. METI (mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor) acaricides and insecticides selected from the group including tolfenpyrad; A.

6. Pyridine organic compounds that are chordotonal organ modulators, selected from the group including flonicamid; A.

7. Chordotonal organ TRPV (transient receptor potential of vanilloid type) channel modulators selected from the group including pymetrozine, afidopiropen and pyrifluquinazone; A.

8. Aryl isoxazolines that are gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channel allosteric modulators selected from the group including fluxametamide and isocycloceram; A.

9. Metadiamide, a GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulator, selected from the group including broflanilide; A.

10. Diamides of the insecticidal class that are highly specific ryanodine receptor (RyR) modulators selected from the group comprising cyclaniliprole and tetraniliprole; A.

11. An arylalkyloxypyrimidine compound selected from the group including benzpyrimoxane; A.

12. Mesoionic pyrido[1,2-α]pyrimidinones selected from the group consisting of dichloromesothiaz; A.

13. Novel quinoline insecticides selected from the group including flometoquine; A.

14. Novel chemotype insecticides selected from the group including flupirimine; A.

15. Arylethylsulfonyl compounds selected from the group including oxazosulfil; A.

16. An organic fluorine compound selected from the group including ticlopyrazoflor; A.

17. Pyrazole carboxamide insecticides selected from the group including dinpropylidaz; A.

18. A pyrrole compound selected from the group including chlorfenapyr; A.

19. A sulfoximine compound selected from the group including sulfoxaflor; A.

20. A furanicotinyl compound selected from the group including dinotefuran; A.

21. An organic phosphate compound selected from the group including acephate and malathion; A.

22. A foliar contact insecticide selected from the group including spiromesifen; A.

23. Phenylpyrazole compounds selected from the group including fipronil; A.

24. Tetramic acid insecticides selected from the group including spidoxamat; A.

25. Phenylpyrazole insecticides selected from the group including Nicofluprole; A.

26. Ecdysteroid compounds selected from the group including ecdysone 1. A pesticidal mixture comprising:

2. The diacylhydrazine insecticide is methoxyfenozide. The pyrethroid insecticide is tau-fluvalinate. The spinosyn insecticide is spinosad. The spinosyn insecticide is spinetoram. The tetramic acid, cyclic ketoenol insecticide is a spiropydione; The tetramic acid, a cyclic ketoenol insecticide, is a spirotetramate. The METI insecticide is tolfenpyrad. The pyridine organic compound is flonicamid; the chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulator is pymetrozine; the chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulator is afidopyropen; The arylisoxazoline is fluxametamide. The aryl isoxazoline is isocycloceram; The metadiamide is broflanilide; The diamide is cyclaniliprole. The diamide is tetraniliprole. The arylalkyloxypyrimidine compound is benzpyrimoxane. The mesoionic pyrido[1,2-α]pyrimidinone is dichloromesothiaz. The quinoline insecticide is flometoquin. The chemotype insecticide is flupirimine. The arylethylsulfonyl compound is oxazosulfil. The organic fluorine compound is cyclopyrazoflor. The pyrazole carboxamide insecticide is dinpropylidazide. The pyrrole compound is chlorfenapyr. The sulfoximine compound is sulfoxaflor. The furanicotinyl compound is dinotefuran. The organic phosphate compound is acephate. The organophosphate compound is malathion. The foliar contact insecticide is spiromesifen. The phenylpyrazole compound is fipronil. The tetramic acid insecticide is spidoxamat. The phenylpyrazole insecticide is nicofluprole. The ecdysteroid compound is ecdysone.

2. The pesticidal mixture of claim 1.

3. A pesticidal mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 2, which exhibits a synergistic effect.

4. 4. The pesticidal mixture according to claim 1, wherein novaluron and at least one active compound II according to claim 1 are applied together or in succession.

5. 5. The pesticidal mixture according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of novaluron and at least one active compound II according to claim 1 is from 1:100 to 100:

1.

6. A pesticidal composition comprising: (i) a mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 5; and (ii) an agriculturally acceptable carrier.

7. 7. The pesticidal composition of claim 6, further comprising at least one surfactant, solid excipient, liquid excipient, or combination thereof.

8. 1. A method for reducing the total amount of insecticidal active compound required to control unwanted pests by a) applying Novaluron at an application rate of about 25% to about 75% of the recommended application rate, and b) applying at least one active compound II according to claim 1.

9. A method for controlling insects, comprising contacting the insects or their food sources, habitats, breeding grounds or their habitats with an effective amount of a mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 5, or a composition according to claim 6 or 7, thereby controlling the insects.

10. The method for controlling insects according to claim 9, wherein the insects are selected from the group comprising T. absoluta, S. littoralis, F. occidentalis, S. frugiperda, M. persicae, T. urticae, B. tabaci, A. gossyppii and H. halys.

11. 11. A method for controlling the insect, T. absoluta, by contacting the insect or its food source, habitat, breeding ground or habitat thereof with an effective amount of the mixture combination according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, The mixture combination is The novaluron and diacylhydrazine insecticide according to claim 1, The novaluron and spinosyn insecticide of claim 1, selected from the group comprising: method.

12. 11. A method for controlling the insect S. littoralis, comprising contacting the insect or its food source, habitat, breeding ground or habitat thereof with an effective amount of the mixture combination according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 to control the insect, The mixture combination is The novaluron and diacylhydrazine insecticide according to claim 1, The novaluron and spinosyn insecticide of claim 1, Novaluron according to claim 1 and one of the aryl isoxazolines which are gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channel allosteric modulator insecticides; Novaluron according to claim 1 and one of the diamides which are highly specific ryanodine receptor (RyR) modulator insecticides; Novaluron and one of the mesoionic pyrido[1,2-α]pyrimidinone insecticides of claim 1, Novaluron and a chemotype insecticide according to claim 1, The novaluron and the organic fluorine compound according to claim 1, Novaluron and the furanicotinyl compound according to claim 1, Novaluron and a phenylpyrazole compound according to claim 1, The novaluron and phenylpyrazole insecticide of claim 1, selected from the group comprising: method.

13. 11. A method for controlling the insect F. occidentalis, comprising contacting the insect or its food source, habitat, breeding ground or habitat thereof with an effective amount of the mixture combination according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 to control the insect, The mixture combination is The novaluron and spinosyn insecticide of claim 1, The novaluron and organophosphate compound insecticide of claim 1, The novaluron and phenylpyrazole compound insecticide according to claim 1, selected from the group comprising: method.

14. 11. A method for controlling the insect S. frugiperda, comprising contacting the insect or its food source, habitat, breeding ground or habitat thereof with an effective amount of the mixture combination of any one of claims 1 to 5 in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 to control the insect, The mixture combination is The novaluron and spinosyn insecticide of claim 1, 2. One of novaluron and metadiamide, a GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulator insecticide according to claim 1; Novaluron according to claim 1 and one of the diamides which are highly specific ryanodine receptor (RyR) modulator insecticides; selected from the group comprising: method.

15. 11. A method for controlling the insect M. persicae, comprising contacting the insect or its food source, habitat, breeding ground or habitat thereof with an effective amount of the mixture combination according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 to control the insect, The mixture combination is 2. The novaluron and one of the acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor insecticides according to claim 1 , The novaluron and organophosphate compound insecticide of claim 1, Novaluron and a foliar contact insecticide according to claim 1, selected from the group comprising: method.

16. 11. A method for controlling the insect, T. urticae, by contacting the insect or its food source, habitat, breeding ground or habitat thereof with an effective amount of the mixture combination according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, The mixture combination is 2. The novaluron and one of the acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor insecticides according to claim 1 , The novaluron and pyrrole compound insecticide according to claim 1, selected from the group comprising: method.

17. 11. A method for controlling the insect B. tabaci, comprising contacting the insect or its food source, habitat, breeding ground or habitat thereof with an effective amount of the mixture combination according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 to control the insect, The mixture combination is The novaluron and chordotonal organ TRPV (transient receptor potential vanilloid) channel modulator insecticide according to claim 1, selected from the group comprising: method.

18. 11. The method of claim 10 for controlling the insect A. gossyppii, comprising contacting the insect or its food source, habitat, breeding ground or habitat thereof with an effective amount of the mixture combination of any one of claims 1 to 5 in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 to control the insect, The mixture combination is The novaluron and organophosphate compound insecticide of claim 1, Novaluron and a foliar contact insecticide according to claim 1, selected from the group comprising: method.

19. 11. The method of claim 10 for controlling the insect, H. halys, by contacting said insect or its food source, habitat, breeding ground or habitat thereof with an effective amount of the synergistic mixture insecticide of novaluron and phenylpyrazole compound of claim 1 in a ratio of 1:100 to 100:1 to control said insect.

20. 10. A method for protecting plants from attack or infestation by insects, comprising contacting said plant, or the soil or water in which said plant is growing, with an effective amount of a mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 5, or a composition according to claim 6 or 7, thereby protecting the plant from attack or infestation by insects.

21. 13. A method for enhancing knockdown activity and / or lasting control comprising contacting the plant, or the soil or water in which the plant is growing, with an effective amount of a mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 5, or a composition according to any one of claims 6 or 7, to thereby enhance knockdown activity and / or lasting control.

22. A method for enhancing plant development, comprising applying to the plant, its habitat and / or its propagation material an effective amount of a mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 5, or a composition according to claim 6 or 7, thereby enhancing plant development.

23. A method for controlling plant growth, comprising applying to the plant, its habitat and / or its propagation material an effective amount of a mixture according to any one of claims 1 to 5, or a composition according to claim 6 or 7, thereby controlling plant growth.

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