Thermal insulation material, manufacturing method thereof, and recycling method thereof

Abstract

The present invention comprises an insulating material (1), a method for producing the insulating material (1) and a method for recycling the insulating material (1). The insulating material (1) comprises at least two layers, at least one first layer (11) formed as a reflector layer and at least one second layer (12) formed as a spacing layer, the at least one first layer (11) and the at least one second layer (12) in each case comprising a polymer component, the polymer component being formed from an immiscible polymer material.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an insulating material, a method for making an insulating material, and a method for recycling an insulating material. [Background technology]

[0002] For thermal insulation it is known to use thermal insulation materials. Here, a distinction is drawn between fibrous insulation materials, foam insulation materials and multilayer insulation materials (=MLI (multilayer insulation)). In the case of MLI, different layers of several overlaps are arranged one on top of the other. All thermal insulation materials share the problem that they are not recyclable at all or only to a very limited extent. Disposal usually takes place in combustion or landfills. Here, not only are large amounts of resources destroyed, but also many harmful substances are released. Currently available MLI insulation materials consist of a wide variety of raw materials and additives, making the recovery of such insulation materials for comparable products uneconomical or impossible. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] The object of the present invention is to identify recyclable, sustainable and resource-efficient insulating materials that can be processed again into equivalent insulating materials after use. The efficiency of the insulating materials with respect to weight and total layer thickness should be further increased. Furthermore, the chemical and physical resistance of the insulating materials should also be improved.

[0004] This object is achieved by a thermal insulation material having at least two layers, at least one first layer being formed as a reflector layer and at least one second layer being formed as a spacing layer, the at least one first layer and the at least one second layer each having a polymer component, the polymer component being formed from an immiscible polymer material. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] For this purpose, the following steps are carried out, in particular in the following order: a) providing at least one first layer as a reflector layer having an upper side and a lower side; b) providing at least one second layer as a spacing layer; c) bonding at least one first layer to at least one second layer to obtain an insulating material having at least two layers, the at least one first layer and the at least one second layer in each case having a polymer component, the polymer component being formed from a non-mixed polymer material; This is further achieved by a method for producing a thermal insulation material, in particular according to claims 1 to 33, which is carried out according to

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a method comprising the following steps, in particular in the following order: I) pulverizing the insulating material using a pulverizing device; II) washing the pulverized insulating material by a washing device, using a washing liquid to release and / or precipitate and / or separate and / or recover inorganic components, thereby providing an unmixed polymeric material; It is further achieved by a method for recycling insulating materials, in particular according to claims 1 to 33, which is carried out by, in particular according to, the method of claims 34 to 54.

[0007] It has now been shown that, through the insulating material according to the invention, the method for producing the insulating material according to the invention and the method for recycling the insulating material according to the invention, an insulating material that can be almost completely recycled is obtained, and the product obtained therefrom can be used again to produce insulating material. Due to the unmixed state, a product quality that always remains the same is also guaranteed. Since at least one first layer and at least one second layer have polymer components made of unmixed polymer materials, a complex separation of the individual layers can be omitted during recycling. Thus, the insulating material can be directly ground. This increases the efficiency of the recycling process and further represents a very economical recycling method.

[0008] Further advantageous designs of the invention are set forth in the dependent claims.

[0009] Multilayer insulation or MLI means multi-layer thermal barrier material.

[0010] By reflector layer is meant a layer, especially a polymer layer and / or film, coated or vapor deposited on one or both sides with a reflective material, especially an infrared reflective material. The reflective material can be inorganic and / or metallic.

[0011] Spacing layer means a layer that represents a spatial separation between layers. This keeps the layers at a certain distance and minimizes air movement between the layers. It is therefore a thermal separation, or heat insulation or thermal insulation. The spacing layer preferably has a polymer component. It is also possible for the spacing layer to have a non-polymer component.

[0012] By polymeric component is meant polymers that can be processed to form fibers and films, such as PET, PE, PP, PA and / or biopolymers.

[0013] By unmixed is meant that at least one first or reflector layer and at least one second or spacing layer have the same polymeric material or the same polymeric components, which are unmixed and therefore can be recovered to produce a comparable product.

[0014] By inorganic components is meant all non-polymeric components originating from the reflective layer, in particular the infrared reflective layer, inorganic flame retardant materials and impurities from the recycling process.

[0015] Foreign matter means material bonded to the insulation material that is delivered to a separate recycle stream.

[0016] Preferably, the at least one first layer may have a layer thickness in the range from 3 μm to 250 μm, in particular from 10 μm to 55 μm.

[0017] In particular, it may be provided that the at least one first layer has an upper side and a lower side, and that at least one reflective layer, in particular an infrared reflective layer, is applied to the upper side and / or the lower side of the at least one first layer. The upper side always means the surface facing the outer surface of the thermal insulation material. It may be the case that the at least one first layer is also arranged on the inside of the thermal insulation material. In this case, the side that is at a smaller distance from the center of the thermal insulation material is always the lower side. The opposite side is then defined as the upper side. The at least one reflective layer serves to reflect incident radiation, in particular infrared radiation and / or thermal radiation. Due to the reflected incident radiation, the thermal insulation properties of the thermal insulation material are significantly improved.

[0018] Preferably, at least one reflective layer, in particular an infrared reflective layer, can comprise as material a metal selected from aluminum, silver, gold, individually or in combination and / or as an alloy. At least one reflective layer, in particular an infrared reflective layer, can additionally or alternatively comprise metal pigments and / or PVD pigments.

[0019] In particular, at least one binder is necessary to bind the components of the reflective layer, in particular pigments and / or particles for applying the reflective layer by a printing method. It is preferably provided that the at least one binder comprises a polymer, for example based on polyester, preferably an unmixed polymer.

[0020] In particular, when aluminum is used as a reflective layer, especially an infrared reflective layer, the advantage arises that aluminum can be recovered during the recycling process. As will be explained further below, aluminum hydroxide is obtained from aluminum, which can be introduced into the at least one second layer as a flame retardant during the manufacture of the thermal insulation material. Furthermore, aluminum offers the advantage that it is cost-effective and can be uniformly deposited on the at least one first layer, especially by vapor deposition in a vacuum.

[0021] In particular, it is provided that at least one reflective layer, in particular an infrared reflective layer, reflects incident radiation, in particular infrared radiation, to a degree of 10% to 97%, preferably 60% to 97%. In particular, if several first layers with reflective layers, in particular infrared reflective layers, are used, the reflection effect of the overall composite of layers for incident radiation can be increased up to 97%.

[0022] It is also possible that at least one absorbing layer, in particular an infrared absorbing layer, is applied above and / or below the at least one first layer. With regard to the definitions of above and below, the same statements as above apply. It is advantageous if the at least one first layer has a reflecting layer on the top side and an absorbing layer on the bottom side, or vice versa. It has been shown that this can reduce the disadvantage of conventional facade insulation materials, which prevent the heating of the facade by solar radiation.

[0023] At least one absorbing layer, in particular an infrared absorbing layer, may preferably comprise a material or combination of materials selected from carbon black, carbon, binders, metals, metal oxides.

[0024] It is preferably provided that at least one binder is required to bind the absorbing carbon black and / or carbon of the absorbing layer. The binder preferably comprises a polymer, in particular an unmixed polymer, for example based on polyester.

[0025] It is preferably provided that the carbon black and / or carbon can be separated by flotation in a recycling process and used again as an absorbent layer after preparation.

[0026] At least one absorbing layer, in particular an infrared absorbing layer, may be capable of absorbing 5% to 96%, preferably 75% to 96%, of the incident radiation, in particular infrared radiation. In particular, if several absorbing layers are used, the absorption effect in the overall composite of layers may be increased by superposition of the absorbing layers.

[0027] Preferably, at least one reflective layer, in particular an infrared reflective layer, can have a thickness in the range of 5 nm to 100 μm. In particular, reflective layers made of metals and / or metal oxides deposited in a high vacuum have a thickness of 5 nm to 200 nm, in particular 20 nm to 60 nm. Reflective coatings with metal pigments and / or PVD pigments applied by printing methods, in particular gravure printing and / or screen printing and / or flexographic printing, have a thickness of 2 μm to 100 μm, in particular 2 μm to 6 μm.

[0028] At least one absorbing layer, in particular an infrared absorbing layer, can preferably have a thickness in the range of 5 nm to 100 μm. In particular, absorbing layers made of metals and / or metal oxides deposited in a high vacuum have a thickness of 5 nm to 200 nm, in particular 20 nm to 60 nm. Absorbing coatings with carbon black and / or carbon, applied by printing methods, in particular gravure printing and / or screen printing and / or flexographic printing, have a thickness of 2 μm to 100 μm, in particular 2 μm to 6 μm.

[0029] It may also be possible for the at least one first layer to have at least one inhibiting layer, preferably arranged above and / or below the reflective layer, in order to improve the corrosion resistance. By inhibiting layer is meant a layer made of an inhibitor which improves the corrosion resistance of the at least one reflective layer. In particular, the at least one inhibiting layer may be made of a non-mixed polymer, an inorganic coating, a silicon oxide (SiO x ), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ).

[0030] At least one binder is preferably provided for binding the components of the blocking layer, in particular pigments and / or particles for applying the blocking layer by a printing method. The at least one binder is preferably a polymer, preferably an unmixed polymer, for example based on polyester.

[0031] At least one second layer has a thickness in the range of 0.5 mm to 120 mm, in particular 2 mm to 5 mm, and / or a weight of 10 g / m 2 ~2000g / m 2 , especially 50 g / m 2 ~200g / m 2 It is preferably provided that the surface weight is in the range of

[0032] For example, the at least one second layer can be formed as a structured film and / or an air or gas-cushion film and / or a foam and / or a woven and / or a nonwoven material, in particular a fleece and / or a felt and / or a fiber and / or a hollow fiber.

[0033] By nonwoven material is meant here all composite materials made of spun, cut and / or laid fibers. Woven composite materials do not fall under the term nonwoven. At least one second layer can also comprise a combination of different structures, for example a combination of woven fabric and fleece, and / or several overlaps of fleece. The combination of different structures allows the flexibility of the insulation material to be individually adapted. Thus, the insulation material can be made, for example, thin, thick, flexible and / or rigid, and specifically designed for different fields of use. For example, a certain flexibility of the insulation material is advantageous for the cladding of pipes, while a very rigid insulation material can be used, for example, for the cladding of house walls.

[0034] In particular, the at least one second layer can have a lattice structure and / or a honeycomb structure and / or a diamond-shaped structure, which serve as support structures and ensure a certain strength of the at least one second layer. Furthermore, the cavities and / or chambers formed by the structures can be filled with gas and / or other substances, resulting in an improved thermal insulation effect.

[0035] It is also preferably provided that the at least one second layer comprises several fibers, in particular that the fibers have different thicknesses and / or structures. It is also possible that the at least one second layer comprises a support structure forming two or more chambers, the chambers being separated by the support structure. These support structures increase the strength and / or stiffness of the insulating material. It is advantageous if the support structure comprises fibers having a thickness in the range of 1 μm to 1000 μm, in particular 10 μm to 100 μm, and / or if the support structure is formed as an airtight polymer structure.

[0036] It may also be provided that the two or more chambers are filled with some fibers having a thickness in the range of 1 μm to 100 μm, in particular 5 μm to 20 μm, and / or with at least one gas. For example, air may be used here as the gas. To increase the efficiency, the chambers may also be filled with a gas having a lower thermal conductivity than air. Such gases are, for example, argon, krypton, xenon and / or carbon dioxide. It is also preferably possible that the insulating material between the at least one first layer and the at least one second layer is filled with at least one gas. For this, it is preferably provided that the at least one first layer is joined to the at least one second layer with a linear gas-tight seam, in particular that the seam forms at least one chamber defined by the surfaces of the at least one first layer and the at least one second layer as well as the seam. It may also be possible to insert a gas between two overlaps of the same kind, for example between two first layers arranged one on top of the other and / or between two second layers arranged one on top of the other.

[0037] It may also be possible for the at least one second layer to comprise at least one flame retardant or a combination of flame retardants selected from inorganic flame retardants, inert gases, noble gases, inorganic vapour depositions, physically acting flame retardants, chemically acting flame retardants. In particular, the at least one flame retardant is aluminium hydroxide Al(OH) 2 , which is preferably formed from the insulating material, in particular the reflective layer containing aluminium, during the process of recycling the at least one first layer. 3It is provided that the aluminum of the reflective layer is further treated to form aluminum hydroxide by adding sodium hydroxide solution and then carbon dioxide. The aluminum hydroxide thus formed can again function as a flame retardant. The use of aluminum hydroxide is therefore extremely resource-efficient and environmentally friendly, since the aluminum required for it is obtained from the recycling process of insulation materials.

[0038] It is preferably provided that the polymer component comprises a material or a combination of materials selected from PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PP (polypropylene), PE (polyethylene), PA (polyamide), biopolymers. In principle, these polymer materials are suitable that can be processed in several cycles both for the formation of films and for the formation of fibers. The at least one first layer and the at least one second layer advantageously have the same material. This allows unmixed recycling, resulting in the formation of products that are comparable in terms of quality.

[0039] In particular, it is provided that the polymer component has a purity in the range of 75% to 100%, preferably 95% to 100%. In particular, in the case of such a purity, "non-mixing" is mentioned. This purity ensures that an equivalent product can be formed again in the method of recycling the insulation material.

[0040] Preferably, the thermal insulation material can also have a large number of layers, between 2 and 30 layers, in particular between 5 and 15 layers, in particular the thermal insulation material comprises at least one first layer once or several times and / or at least one second layer once or several times. Thus, the thermal insulation material can be formed from several first layers and several second layers. Several first layers can have different layer thicknesses and can be coated differently. For example, it is possible that one first layer has both a reflective layer and an absorbing layer and another first layer has two reflective layers. It is also possible that several first layers or second layers are arranged one on top of the other. Due to this arrangement, the thermal insulation material can be influenced in terms of its strength, flexibility and rigidity and can be adapted to various fields of use.

[0041] In particular, it is provided that the insulating material has a thickness in the range of 1 mm to 120 mm, in particular 5 mm to 50 mm.

[0042] The insulation material may be capable of having at least one other recyclable foreign body, in particular the at least one foreign body having a substance and / or a combination of substances selected from molded parts and / or panels made in particular of natural substances, plastics and / or metals, composite material elements for the automotive sector, support elements, cladding elements, conventional insulation materials, foams, mineral fibres, paper pulp, bark pulp, cork mats, wood fibre mats.

[0043] It is preferably provided that the at least one foreign object is arranged removably from the at least one first layer and / or the at least one second layer. This is achieved so that the foreign object can be easily separated from the insulating material before the process of recycling the insulating material, for example by an air separation process downstream of the grinding process. The foreign object can then be delivered to a separate recycling process and the insulating material can be recovered unmixed.

[0044] In particular, the at least one foreign object and / or the at least one first layer and / or the at least one second layer may be joined by a method and / or a combination of methods selected from friction welding, ultrasonic welding, laser welding, heat welding, adhesive bonding, stitching, mechanical tacking.

[0045] It is preferably provided that the at least one foreign body and / or the at least one first layer and / or the at least one second layer are joined by a joining element or a combination of joining elements selected from temporary screws, in particular T-end temporary screws, pins, needles, nails, screws, rivets, studs.

[0046] In particular, the insulating material can have predefined openings, in particular in the form of holes, cuts and / or perforations, preferably these openings are formed as membranes with a defined permeability for certain substances and / or these openings are formed as valves for material exchange in only one direction. Through the predefined openings, it is further possible that components, such as brackets, pipes, cables, etc., can be guided through the insulating material in a simple manner. This makes handling and fitting substantially easier. Furthermore, through the openings, in particular the membranes and / or valves, it is possible to ensure the exchange of substances in the form of gas, air, water vapor and / or water with the environment. This aspect is important when physical spaces, which themselves have different temperatures or relative humidity, are joined to this insulating material through walls and the formation of condensation should be prevented. In other cases, openings make sense, for example, when such insulating material is installed in a lawn structure, which has a corresponding heating element and where water drainage / transport is essential. Such water drainage / transport is brought about, for example, by precipitation in the form of rain or snow.

[0047] It may also be possible for the insulating material to have reinforcements made of non-mixed polymeric material in the region of the opening, whereby an increased stability of the insulating material is ensured in the region of the opening, thereby preventing possible damage in the region of the opening, for example when components are handled and guided.

[0048] The insulating material is preferably provided to have a reaction to fire classification of normally flammable, in particular "E" or better, under the heat of a standard flame in the fire tests standardized according to DIN EN ISO 11925-2 and DIN EN ISO 13501-1. The performance of the fire tests and classifications is explained in more detail below with the aid of the figures.

[0049] Preferably, the insulating material has a burn rate of 0 mm / min under the heat of a standard flame in a standardized fire test according to DIN 75200 and / or FMVSS 302, and in particular can be classified as SE / NBR or "self-extinguishing / no burn rate" according to FMVSS 302. The performance of the fire test and classification is explained in more detail below with the aid of the figures.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, it may also be provided that at least one first layer and / or at least one second layer are formed as spacing layers and reflector layers. In this case, it is preferred that they are structured deposition films or deposition air / gas cushion films. The surface of the film can be modified or structured via a structured roller in the extrusion process. In the process, structures form structures that act as spacers due to their bumps and / or depressions. These structures preferably have a rough surface. With the help of this rough surface, the insulating material can be well attached to the target material, since this rough surface can act as an anchor and thus the easy sliding of the insulating material is suppressed.

[0051] For example, it may be possible for the at least one first layer and the at least one second layer to already bond to each other during production due to their increased temperature and the resulting cohesive state. For example, it is possible for the at least one first layer to originate from an extrusion process and the at least one second layer to be produced by a meltblown process. To ensure the bonding of the at least one first layer to the at least one second layer, the two production processes are combined with each other, so that the two layers are bonded to each other immediately after the extrusion and meltblown processes. The resulting insulation material only needs to be assembled and bonded together with different desired numbers of overlaps.

[0052] In particular, after step a) and before step b), the following step: d) applying at least one reflecting layer, in particular an infrared reflecting layer, and / or at least one absorbing layer, in particular an infrared absorbing layer, above and / or below the at least one first layer; It is further provided that:

[0053] It may also be possible for this step to be carried out already during the manufacture of the at least one first layer, in which case in step a) a first layer is then provided which is already coated with a reflective and / or absorbing layer.

[0054] In particular, aluminium, in particular silver or gold, or combinations and / or alloys of these metals, can be applied as a reflective layer, in particular an infrared-reflective layer, in step d).Metal pigments and / or PVD pigments can also be applied as a reflective layer, in particular an infrared-reflective layer, in particular by printing methods, in particular gravure printing and / or screen printing and / or flexographic printing.

[0055] It may also be possible for carbon black and / or carbon and / or metals and / or metal oxides and / or binders to be applied as absorbing layers, in particular infrared absorbing layers, in step d). It is preferably provided that at least one absorbing layer, in particular an infrared absorbing layer, is applied in step d) by a printing method, in particular gravure printing and / or screen printing and / or flexographic printing. If metals and / or metal oxides are applied as absorbing layers, in particular infrared absorbing layers, in step d), these are preferably applied by vapour deposition in high vacuum.

[0056] It is preferred that the at least one reflective layer can be applied in step d) with a thickness in the range of 5 nm to 100 μm, preferably 5 nm to 200 nm, particularly preferably 20 nm to 60 nm. In particular, reflective layers made of metals and / or metal oxides deposited in a high vacuum have a thickness in the range of 5 nm to 200 nm, in particular 20 nm to 60 nm. Reflective coatings with metal pigments and / or PVD pigments applied by printing methods, in particular gravure printing and / or screen printing and / or flexographic printing, have a thickness in the range of 2 μm to 100 μm, in particular 2 μm to 6 μm.

[0057] In particular, at least one binder is necessary to bind the components of the reflective layer, in particular pigments and / or particles for applying the reflective layer by a printing method. It is preferably provided that the at least one binder comprises a polymer, for example based on polyester, preferably an unmixed polymer.

[0058] At least one absorbing layer, in particular an infrared absorbing layer, can preferably be applied in step d) with a thickness in the range of 5 nm to 100 μm, preferably 20 nm to 60 nm, particularly preferably 2 μm to 6 μm. In particular, absorbing layers made of metals and / or metal oxides deposited in a high vacuum have a thickness in the range of 5 nm to 200 nm, in particular 20 nm to 60 nm. Absorbing coatings with carbon black and / or carbon applied by printing methods, in particular gravure printing and / or screen printing and / or flexographic printing, are applied with a thickness in the range of 2 μm to 100 μm, in particular 2 μm to 6 μm.

[0059] It may also be possible for the at least one reflecting layer and / or the at least one absorbing layer to be applied in step d) by vapor deposition, in particular in a high vacuum. Particularly thin layer thicknesses can be achieved by such vapor deposition. In addition, this allows for a uniform application.

[0060] It may also be possible for the at least one absorbent layer to be applied by a printing method, in particular gravure printing and / or screen printing and / or flexographic printing.

[0061] In particular, at least one binder is necessary in order to bind in particular the absorbing carbon black and / or carbon of the absorbing layer. It is preferably provided that the at least one binder comprises a polymer, for example based on polyester, preferably a non-mixed polymer.

[0062] Preferably, step d) is preceded and / or followed by the following step: e) applying at least one blocking layer to the at least one reflecting layer, in particular by deposition in a high vacuum and / or by a printing method, in particular gravure printing and / or screen printing and / or flexographic printing. may further be possible to be performed.

[0063] Via the blocking layer corrosion protection is provided, making the insulating material more durable. It is preferably provided that the application of the at least one blocking layer is already carried out during the production of the at least one first layer.

[0064] At least one blocking layer in step e) is selected from the group consisting of non-mixed polymers, inorganic coatings, silicon oxide (SiO x ), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 It is also preferably possible to have a material or combination of materials selected from:

[0065] In particular, at least one binder is necessary to bind the components of the blocking layer, in particular pigments and / or particles for applying the blocking layer by a printing method. It is preferably provided that the at least one binder comprises a polymer, for example based on polyester, preferably a non-mixed polymer.

[0066] In particular, after step c) the following step: f) introducing defined openings into the insulating material, in particular openings in the form of holes, cuts and / or perforations. It is provided that the following is further performed:

[0067] As already mentioned above, through the openings it is possible to guide components, such as brackets, pipes, cables, etc., through the insulating material in a simple manner.

[0068] It may also be possible for openings to be introduced into the insulating material in step f) as membranes with a defined permeability to certain substances and / or as valves for material exchange in only one direction.

[0069] The openings are preferably provided in step f) with reinforcements made of non-mixed polymer material.

[0070] The membrane and / or valve and / or reinforcement may also be capable of being fixed to and / or within the insulating material in step f) by thermal methods and / or adhesive bonding, so as to form a strong bond with the insulating material and the valve or membrane is sealed to the insulating material.

[0071] Step c) is followed by the step: g) joining the insulation material to at least one other recyclable foreign object, in particular the at least one foreign object having a material and / or a combination of materials selected from the following: molded parts and / or panels, in particular made of natural materials, plastics and / or metals, composite elements for the automotive sector, support elements, cladding elements, conventional heat insulation materials, foams, mineral fibers, paper pulp, bark pulp, cork mats, wood fiber mats. It is preferably possible that further

[0072] It is preferably provided that in step g) at least one foreign object is arranged removably from the at least one first layer and / or the at least one second layer. As already mentioned above, before the process of recycling the insulating material, the foreign object can be separated from the insulating material. As a result, an unmixed recycling of the insulating material is possible and the foreign object can be sent to a separate recycling process.

[0073] In particular, the at least one foreign object can be joined to the insulating material in step g) by a method and / or a combination of methods selected from friction welding, ultrasonic welding, laser welding, heat welding, adhesive bonding, stitching, mechanical tacking.

[0074] It may also be possible that in step g) the at least one foreign body is joined to the insulating material by means of a joining element or a combination of joining elements selected from temporary screws, in particular T-end temporary screws, pins, needles, nails, screws, rivets, studs, which joining elements are in principle easy to release, so that the foreign body can be easily separated from the insulating material and can be delivered to a separate recycling process.

[0075] Preferably, in step c), one or more overlaps of the first layer and one or more overlaps of the second layer can be joined to form the insulating material, so that the insulating material has a number of layers, between 2 and 30 layers, in particular between 5 and 15. In particular, it is provided that at least one first layer and at least one second layer are arranged one above the other in step c). As already mentioned above, by combination of different overlaps the strength, flexibility and rigidity of the insulating material can be adapted to the respective intended application.

[0076] It may also be possible for the at least one second layer applied, in particular the spacing layer, in step b) to comprise at least one flame retardant or a combination of flame retardants selected from inorganic flame retardants, inert gases, noble gases, inorganic vapour deposits, physically acting flame retardants, chemically acting flame retardants.

[0077] The at least one flame retardant can preferably comprise aluminium hydroxide, which is preferably formed from the reflective layer comprising aluminium during the process of recycling the insulating material, in particular the at least one first layer. As already mentioned above, the aluminium of the aluminium hydroxide is obtained from the at least one reflective layer during recycling and is further processed to form aluminium hydroxide by adding sodium hydroxide solution and carbon dioxide.

[0078] In particular, the insulating material is filled with gas before and / or during and / or after the joining in step c), in particular the gas is enclosed in two or more chambers formed by the support structure of the at least one second layer. It can also be provided that the gas is also introduced between the overlaps of the insulating material. For this, it is particularly provided that the at least one first layer and / or the at least one second layer are joined by linear gas-tight seams, for example by welding. It is preferably provided that the seams form at least one chamber defined by the surfaces of the at least one first layer and the at least one second layer and by the seams. It is preferably provided that these chambers are filled with gas.

[0079] Preferably, the insulating material is capable of being chopped and / or cut and / or shredded and / or torn in step I).

[0080] In particular, water (H 2 A mixture of tetrahydrofuran (TFA) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) can be used as the washing liquid in step II).

[0081] The inorganic component of step II) comprises aluminum, in particular aluminum originating from at least one reflective layer of at least one first layer of thermal insulation material, the aluminum being represented by the reaction formula 2Al+6H 2 O+2NaOH→2Na[Al(OH) 4 ]+3H 2 reacts with the cleaning fluid, in particular with water and sodium hydroxide solution, according to Sodium aluminate solution Na[Al(OH) 4 ] and hydrogen H 2 It is preferably provided to form

[0082] It can also be provided that the hydrogen formation is delivered to heat recovery, thus recovering all products of the recycling process, which is particularly environmentally friendly and resource efficient.

[0083] Preferably, sodium aluminate solution Na[Al(OH) 4 In step II), the reaction Na[Al(OH) 4 ]+CO 2 →Al(OH) 3 +NaHCO 3 According to the method of the present invention, the aluminum hydroxide Al(OH) is reacted with carbon dioxide, in particular with carbon dioxide taken from the exhaust gas stream, to form aluminum hydroxide Al(OH). 3 and sodium bicarbonate NaHCO 3 Since the carbon dioxide required for the reaction is obtained from the exhaust gas stream, the reaction results in almost complete recovery of the carbon dioxide, resulting in the formation of CO 2The footprint can be significantly reduced. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 CO during heating, which occurs during a fire, for example. 2 It can in particular be used again as a flame retardant since it releases .alpha. and thus creates a flame retardant atmosphere.

[0084] Aluminum hydroxide formed Al(OH) 3 and sodium bicarbonate NaHCO 3 It is preferably provided that aluminum hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate are used as flame retardants in the manufacture of the at least one second layer.

[0085] It is preferably provided that the carbon black and / or carbon originating from the absorbent layer is separated from the washing liquid by flotation.

[0086] It is preferred that the carbon black and / or carbon be reused in the absorbent layer of the new insulation material.

[0087] In particular, carbon black and / or carbon are used in the manufacture of the absorbent layer.

[0088] Step II) is followed by the following step: III) drying the unmixed polymer material by a drying device It may also be possible to perform

[0089] It is preferably provided that the dry, unmixed polymer material is used again to manufacture at least one first layer and / or at least one second layer of thermal insulation material.

[0090] Thermal insulation materials are used, for example, in the aerospace industry, construction and automotive sectors, to protect temperature-sensitive goods and products during transport and storage. This is particularly advantageous for use in the field of space travel due to the reflector layer of the thermal insulation material. A vacuum prevails in the space, so that thermal radiation is the determining variable for thermal insulation. The reflector layer is able to reflect this thermal radiation.

[0091] In the following, the present invention will be described by way of example with reference to some example embodiments using the accompanying drawings, in which: The example embodiments shown should therefore not be understood as limiting; [Brief description of the drawings]

[0092] [Figure 1a] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an insulating material. [Figure 1b] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an insulating material. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a first layer and the functional principle of reflecting and absorbing layers for radiation. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is an exploded view of an exemplary insulating material having several overlaps. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for manufacturing an insulating material. [Diagram 5] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for manufacturing an insulating material. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for manufacturing an insulating material. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for recycling insulation material. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for recycling insulation material. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 shows a test setup according to DIN 75200 for determining the combustion behavior of interior materials in automobiles. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 shows a sample according to DIN 75200 for determining the combustion behavior of interior materials in automobiles. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 shows the test setup according to DIN EN ISO 11925-2. [Figure 12]Detailed diagram of the test setup according to DIN EN ISO 11925-2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0093] FIG. 1 a shows a schematic diagram of an insulating material 1 having a first layer 11 and a second layer 12 .

[0094] The first and second layers 11, 12 in each case have a polymer component, which is formed from a non-mixed polymer material. In other words, this means that the first layer 11 and the second layer 12 have substantially the same polymer material. This offers the particular advantage that the insulation material 1 can be almost completely recycled and that new insulation material 1 can be manufactured again from the recycled polymer material form.

[0095] In particular, it is provided that the polymer component comprises a material or a combination of materials selected from PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PP (polypropylene), PE (polyethylene), PA (polyamide), biopolymers. It is also preferably possible for the polymer component to have a purity ranging from 75% to 100%, preferably from 95% to 100%. Such a purity of the polymer component ensures that, after recycling of the insulating material 1, the resulting polymer material has a high purity and also has the same physical and / or mechanical and / or chemical properties as the starting product.

[0096] A further embodiment example of the insulating material 1 is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 1b. The insulating material 1 comprises two first layers 11 and a second layer 12. The two first layers 11 form the outer surface of the insulating material 1 and the second layer 12 is arranged as a spacing layer between the two first layers 11.

[0097] The thermal insulation effect is improved by the spacing layer. For this purpose, for example, the thickness of the spacing layer can be adapted. The thicker the spacing layer is made, the better its thermal insulation effect. Thus, the at least one second layer 12 has a thickness in the range of 0.5 mm to 120 mm, in particular 2 mm to 5 mm, and / or a density of 10 g / m 2 ~2000g / m 2 , especially 50 g / m 2 ~200g / m 2 It is preferably provided that the surface weight is in the range of

[0098] The at least one second layer 12 can also preferably be formed as a structured film and / or an air or gas-cushion film and / or a foam and / or a woven and / or a nonwoven material, in particular a fleece and / or a felt and / or a fiber and / or a hollow fiber.

[0099] The first layer 11 is shown diagrammatically in Figure 2 and has on its upper side a reflective layer 13, in particular an infrared reflective layer, and on its lower side an absorbing layer 14, in particular an infrared absorbing layer. The first layer 11 is preferably formed from a polymeric carrier and / or a polymeric film.

[0100] Furthermore, the at least one first layer 11 can preferably have a layer thickness in the range from 3 μm to 250 μm, in particular from 10 μm to 55 μm.

[0101] The incident radiation 21 and the reflected radiation 22 are represented on the top by unfilled arrows. Due to the reflecting layer 13, the incident radiation 21 is reflected when it strikes the surface of the reflecting layer 13, with the result that in particular the angle of reflection of the reflected radiation 22 corresponds to the angle of incidence of the incident radiation 21. However, part of the incident radiation 21 is also emitted into the reflecting layer 13. The emitted radiation 23 is represented by a filled arrow. The reflecting layer 13 shown in this embodiment example is a layer made of aluminum. This layer is preferably deposited during the manufacturing process by vapor deposition, in particular by high vacuum. However, it is also possible for the first layer 11 to be coated with the reflecting layer 13 using other methods. The reflecting layer 13 made of aluminum offers the advantage that during recycling of the insulation material 1, the aluminum can be further processed to form aluminum hydroxide, which can be used again as a flame retardant for the second layer 12 or the spacing layer of the insulation material 1. It is also preferably possible for the reflecting layer 13 to comprise as material a metal selected from aluminum, silver, gold, individually or in combination and / or as an alloy.

[0102] In the example embodiment of Figure 2, the first layer 11 has an absorbing layer 14 on its underside. This absorbing layer 14 preferably comprises a material or combination of materials selected from carbon black and / or carbon and / or binders and / or metals and / or metal oxides. As shown in Figure 2, the incident radiation 21 is almost completely absorbed on the underside of the first layer 11 and radiates in all directions. The emitted radiation 23 is represented by the solid arrows. Thus, the effectiveness of the heat blocking can be manipulated in a preferred direction by the alignment of the reflecting and absorbing layers.

[0103] In particular it is provided that the reflective layer 13 has a thickness in the range of 5 nm to 100 μm. In particular, reflective layers 13 made from metals and / or metal oxides deposited in a high vacuum have a thickness of 5 nm to 200 nm, in particular 20 nm to 60 nm. Reflective layers 13 with metal pigments and / or PVD pigments applied by printing methods, in particular gravure printing and / or screen printing and / or flexographic printing, have a thickness of 2 μm to 100 μm, in particular 2 μm to 6 μm.

[0104] In particular, at least one binder is necessary to bind the components of the reflective layer 13, in particular pigments and / or particles for applying the reflective layer 13 by a printing method. It is preferably provided that the at least one binder comprises a polymer, for example based on polyester, preferably a non-mixed polymer.

[0105] In particular, it is provided that the absorbing layer 14, in particular the infrared absorbing layer, has a thickness in the range of 5 nm to 100 μm. In particular, the absorbing layer 14 made from metals and / or metal oxides deposited in a high vacuum has a thickness of 5 nm to 200 nm, in particular 20 nm to 60 nm. The absorbing layer 14 made from carbon black and / or carbon, applied by a printing method, in particular gravure printing and / or screen printing and / or flexographic printing, has a thickness of 2 μm to 100 μm, in particular 2 μm to 6 μm.

[0106] In particular, at least one binder is necessary in order to bind in particular the absorbing carbon black and / or carbon of the absorbing layer 14. In particular, it is provided that the at least one binder comprises a polymer, for example based on polyester, preferably a non-mixed polymer.

[0107] FIG. 3 shows a schematic exploded view of the thermal insulation material 1. The thermal insulation material 1 has a total of 10 overlaps, the two outer overlaps being formed as a first layer 11 in each case in the form of a reflector layer. Reflector layer means that the first layer 11 has at least one reflector layer 13, in particular an infrared reflector layer. The two outer overlaps preferably have a PET film with a thickness of 23 μm. The two outer overlaps are further coated on both sides, i.e. on their upper and lower sides, with an aluminum vapour deposition with a thickness of 30 nm. This aluminum vapour deposition acts as a reflector layer 13, in particular an infrared reflector layer.

[0108] The inner overlap is both a first layer 11 and a second layer 12. The inner first layer 11 comprises a PET film of 12 μm thickness, which is further provided with a 30 nm thick aluminium deposition on both sides, again acting as a reflective layer 13 to reflect infrared radiation.

[0109] The inner second layer 12 has a thickness of 1 mm and a surface weight of 70 g / m 2 The second layer 12 has a PET fleece of 14 g / m 2 There is further provided an aluminium hydroxide having a surface weight of 1000 g / m2, wherein the aluminium hydroxide functions as a flame retardant and is preferably obtained from the reflective layer 13 of the thermal insulation material 1 during a recycling process.

[0110] The overlapping composite is manufactured using a friction welding method, such as ultrasonic welding, and / or by temporary set screws.

[0111] FIG. 4 illustrates the following steps, in particular in the following order: a) providing at least one first layer 11 as a reflector layer having an upper side and a lower side; b) providing at least one second layer 12 as a spacing layer; c) bonding at least one first layer 11 to at least one second layer 12 to obtain an insulating material 1 having at least two layers, the at least one first layer 11 and the at least one second layer 12 in each case having a polymer component, the polymer component being formed from a non-mixed polymer material; 1 shows a method for producing the insulating material 1, which is carried out in the steps of

[0112] In the manufacture of the insulating material 1 , the same polymeric material is used to manufacture the first layer 11 and the second layer 12 , in particular it is preferably provided that the polymeric material originates from a process of recycling the insulating material 1 .

[0113] It may be possible that the first layer 11 and the second layer 12 are manufactured independently of each other and / or at different locations, however, it is also possible that the manufacturing of the first layer 11 and the second layer 12 takes place at the same location and the two layers 11, 12 are subsequently joined to each other.

[0114] In particular, in step c), it is provided that one or more overlaps of the first layer 11 and one or more overlaps of the second layer 12 are joined to form the insulating material 1, so that the insulating material 1 has a number of layers ranging from 2 to 30 layers, in particular from 5 to 15 layers.

[0115] A further embodiment variant of the method for manufacturing the insulating material 1 is shown in Figure 5. It comprises substantially the same steps a), b) and c) as the method shown in Figure 4, but after step b) and before step c), the following step: d) applying at least one reflecting layer 13, in particular an infrared reflecting layer, and / or at least one absorbing layer 14, in particular an infrared absorbing layer, to the upper and / or lower side of the at least one first layer 11; is further executed.

[0116] In a preferred embodiment variant, the application of the at least one reflective layer 13 and / or the at least one absorbing layer 14 can already take place during the production of the at least one first polymer layer 11 .

[0117] In particular, it is provided that aluminium, in particular silver or gold, or combinations and / or alloys of these metals are applied in step d) as reflective layer 13, in particular as an infrared reflective layer.

[0118] It is preferably possible that carbon black and / or carbon and / or binders and / or metals and / or metal oxides are applied in step d) as absorbing layer 14, in particular as an infrared absorbing layer.

[0119] In particular, at least one binder is necessary in particular to bind the absorbing carbon black and / or carbon of the absorbing layer 14. It is preferably provided that the at least one binder comprises a polymer, preferably a non-mixed polymer, for example based on polyester.

[0120] Furthermore, it is preferably provided that at least one reflective layer 13 is applied in step d) with a thickness in the range of 5 nm to 100 μm. In particular, reflective layers 13 made from metals and / or metal oxides deposited in a high vacuum have a thickness of 5 nm to 200 nm, in particular 20 nm to 60 nm. Reflective layers 13 with metal pigments and / or PVD pigments applied by printing methods, in particular gravure printing and / or screen printing and / or flexographic printing, have a thickness of 2 μm to 100 μm, in particular 2 μm to 6 μm.

[0121] It is furthermore preferably provided that at least one absorbing layer 14, in particular an infrared absorbing layer, is applied in step d) with a thickness in the range of 5 nm to 100 μm. In particular, an absorbing layer 14 made of metals and / or metal oxides deposited in a high vacuum has a thickness of 5 nm to 200 nm, in particular 20 nm to 60 nm. An absorbing layer 14 with carbon black and / or carbon applied by a printing method, in particular gravure printing and / or screen printing and / or flexographic printing, is applied with a thickness of 2 μm to 100 μm, in particular 2 μm to 6 μm.

[0122] It is also possible that the at least one reflective layer 13 and / or the at least one absorbing layer 14 are applied in step d) by vapor deposition, in particular in high vacuum.

[0123] A further embodiment example of a method for producing a thermal insulation material 1 is represented diagrammatically in figure 6. The method substantially corresponds to the method shown in figure 5, but comprises the following steps after step d): e) applying at least one blocking layer to the at least one first layer 11 and / or to the at least one reflective layer 13, in particular by deposition in a high vacuum and / or by a printing method, in particular gravure printing and / or screen printing and / or flexographic printing. is further executed.

[0124] The at least one blocking layer serves to improve the corrosion resistance of the at least one first layer 11 , in particular the reflective layer 13 .

[0125] The at least one blocking layer in step e) is a non-mixed polymer, an inorganic coating, silicon oxide (SiO x ), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 It is preferred that the material or combination of materials be selected from the group consisting of:

[0126] In particular, at least one binder is necessary to bind the components of the blocking layer, in particular pigments and / or particles for applying the blocking layer by a printing method. It is preferably provided that the at least one binder comprises a polymer, for example based on polyester, preferably a non-mixed polymer.

[0127] A method for recycling an insulating material 1 is shown in Figure 7. In the method, the following steps are carried out, in particular in the following order: I) pulverizing the insulating material 1 using a pulverizing device; II) washing the pulverized insulating material 1 by a washing device, using a washing liquid to release and / or precipitate and / or separate and / or recover inorganic components, thereby providing an unmixed polymeric material; This is carried out by.

[0128] For example, a cutting mill can be used as the grinding device in step I).

[0129] Preferably, the insulating material 1 can be chopped and / or cut and / or shredded and / or torn in step I).

[0130] Water (H 2 It is preferably provided that a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ethyl acetate (NaOH) is used as the washing liquid in step II).

[0131] The inorganic component comprises aluminum, in particular aluminum originating from the at least one reflective layer 13 of the at least one first layer 11 of the thermal insulation material 1, which reacts with the cleaning fluid, in particular with water and sodium hydroxide, according to the formula 2Al+6H 2 O+2NaOH→2Na[Al(OH) 4 ]+3H 2 The reaction follows: sodium aluminate solution Na[Al(OH) 4 ] and hydrogen H 2 It has been shown to be advantageous to form

[0132] In particular, it is possible for the hydrogen formation to be delivered to the heat recovery. The hydrogen can therefore be used as an energy carrier for other processes. Thus, in the method for recycling the insulating material 1, not only is the insulating material 1 recycled, but also the additives necessary for the recycling of the insulating material 1 are completely re-recovered.

[0133] Furthermore, the sodium aluminate solution Na[Al(OH)4] is reacted in step II) according to the reaction Na[Al(OH) 4 ]+CO 2 →Al(OH) 3 +NaHCO 3 According to the formula, carbon dioxide CO 2 , in particular with carbon dioxide captured from the exhaust gas stream to form aluminum hydroxide Al(OH) 3 and sodium bicarbonate NaHCO 3 It is preferably provided that carbon dioxide is formed as a product of the combustion of fossil fuels and is preferably extracted from the resulting exhaust gas stream. Thus, carbon dioxide, which is considered ecologically harmful, can be utilized in the production of aluminum hydroxide. This method is particularly ecological and therefore CO 2 The footprint is significantly improved.

[0134] A further embodiment example of a method for recycling the insulating material 1 is represented diagrammatically in figure 8. This method corresponds to the method shown in figure 7, but after step II) the following steps are added: III) drying the unmixed polymer material by a drying device is further executed.

[0135] In particular, it is possible for the dry, unmixed polymer material to be used again to manufacture the at least one first layer 11 and / or the at least one second layer 12 of the thermal insulation material 1 .

[0136] The test setup for determining the burning behavior of interior materials in motor vehicles according to DIN 75200 (“Bestimmung des Brennverhaltens von Werkstoffen der Kraftfahrzeuginnenausstattung” [“Determination of burning behavior of interior materials in motor vehicles”]; DIN 75200:1980-09; publication date: 1980-09) is shown in FIG. 9. With regard to the test setup and performance as well as the evaluation of the burning rates, DIN 75200 corresponds to the US standard FMVSS 302 (“Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard-49 CFR Part 571-FMVSS 302-Flammability of Interior Materials”; publication date: 02.12.1971; amendment level FRVol.63 No.185-September 24,1998).

[0137] The test apparatus shown in FIG. 9 shows a stainless steel combustion cabinet 30, a sample holder 32 consisting of two U-shaped metal plates arranged in the combustion cabinet 30, and a burner 31 arranged in the combustion cabinet 30. The sample 33 is clamped to the sample holder 32 so that the sample 33 does not sag. The sample holder 32 can be moved in and out of the burner 31. First, at the start of the test, the sample holder 32 with the sample 33 clamped thereto is slid into the combustion cabinet 30. The burner 31 is arranged in the combustion cabinet 30 so that the nozzle center is located 19 mm below the center of the outer edge of the free end of the sample 33.

[0138] The gas required to operate the burner 31 is approximately 38 MJ / m 3 The burner 31 is then adjusted with the measurement marks so that the gas flame has a height of 38 mm. A pre-burning time of at least 1 minute is required. Once the pre-burning time has elapsed, the sample holder 32 is slid into the combustion cabinet 30. The sample 33 is now exposed to the gas flame for 15 seconds. At the end of this time, the burner 31 is switched off. The measurement of the burning time starts as soon as the flame on the sample 33 reaches zone II, thus covering a burning distance of exactly 38 mm. The division of the sample 33 into four zones according to DIN 75200 is shown in Fig. 10. The length of the sample 33 is 356 mm in total. These are subdivided into four zones. Zones I, II and IV are both 38 mm long, zone III is 216 mm long. The zones are arranged in increasing order from zone I to zone IV. Measurement marks are in each case arranged between the zones, so that the transition of the flame to the next zone can be detected more accurately. Flame propagation is observed on the faster burning side (upper or lower) of sample 33. The burn time measurement ends when the flame reaches the last measurement mark or if the flame is extinguished before reaching the last measurement mark.

[0139] If the flame does not reach the last measurement mark, the burning distance that the flame has covered until it is extinguished is measured. The decomposition part of the sample 33 that is destroyed by burning on the surface or inside is considered to be the burning distance.

[0140] If Sample 33 ignites and does not continue to burn once the ignition flame is extinguished, or if it extinguishes before reaching the first measurement mark, then the burn time is not measured. In these cases, a "burn rate = 0" is recorded as the result.

[0141] In the case of repeated or consecutive tests, care is taken to ensure that the temperature of the combustion cabinet 30 and the sample holder 32 is below 30° C. before a new test is started.

[0142] In addition to burning velocity, further criteria are included in the US standard FMVSS 302, which are listed in the table below. [Table 1]

[0143] It is preferably provided that the insulating material 1 has a burning rate of 0 mm / min under the heat of a standard flame in a standardized fire test according to DIN 75200 and / or FMVSS 302, in particular classified as SE / NBR or "self-extinguishing / no burn rate" according to FMVSS 302. Observations show that the flame already extinguishes in zone II and thus burns substantially only the pores of the insulating material 1. This is demonstrated by the insulating material 1 escaping from the flame by melting. In the process, the insulating material 1 shrinks and the flame is extinguished.

[0144] The test setup according to DIN EN ISO 11925-2 (“Products subjected to direct impingement of flame - Part 2: Single-flame source test”], publication date: 2020-07) is shown diagrammatically in Figure 11. This standard sets out a test method for determining the ignition ability of products by means of a directly acting flame without additional heat dissipation. This test setup involves the classification of building products with regard to their reaction to fire and dripping behavior in accordance with DIN EN 13501-1 (“Classification of construction products and building elements und building materials for the brand-name building materials-Part 1: Classification with data from reaction to fire tests”], German version EN 13501-1:2018 [“Fire classification of construction products and building elements-Part 1: Classification using data from reaction to fire tests”], publication date: 2019-05). The test according to DIN EN ISO 11925-2 simulates the distortion of the products from a match or lighter flame. In this process, the vertical flame propagation and the dripping behavior are investigated.

[0145] A draft-free set-up combustion cabinet 30 with door 34 and vent 35 is shown in figure 11. A burner 31 and a sample holder 32 with a sample 33 clamped thereon are placed in the combustion cabinet 30. A detailed drawing according to DIN EN ISO 11925-2, in which the sample holder 32, sample 33 and burner 31 are shown, is shown in figure 12.

[0146] With regard to classification, a distinction is drawn between a 15-second flame impingement and a 30-second flame impingement. In this process, a 20 mm long flame is directed at the edge or surface of the sample 33. If the samples 33 are building products, these are tested according to DIN EN 13501-1 with surface flame impingement only, if in the intended practical application direct flame impingement cannot occur at the edge. This is the case for example for floor coverings. If in the practical application the edges can be distorted by fire, both surface and edge flame impingement are carried out. In the case of surface flame impingement, the flame is directed 40 mm beyond the lower edge towards the centre of the sample 33, while in the case of edge flame impingement, the flame is directed towards the centre of the lower edge of the sample 33.

[0147] The samples 33 have the dimensions 250 mm x 90 mm x d, where d = application thickness (<60 mm). For the test according to DIN EN ISO 11925-2, eight samples 33 are required per product alignment, meaning transverse or longitudinal, in each case 12 samples 33 are required for a multi-layer product. For each type of flame impingement, three samples 33 are tested, respectively longitudinal and transverse. For multi-layer products with a thickness of more than 10 mm, an additional test is carried out. In the additional test, the sample 33 is rotated by 90° around its vertical axis and the flame impingement is carried out at the centerline of each of the different layers, in each case at the lower edge.

[0148] It is evaluated whether or not the flame tip exceeds the measurement mark at a height of 150 mm within the evaluation period, and whether or not the filter paper under the sample 33 is ignited by the fallen material. The evaluation period is 20 seconds for the 15-second flame impingement and 60 seconds for the 30-second flame impingement.

[0149] The evaluation classification according to DIN 4102 and DIN 13501-1 is shown in the table below. [Table 2]

[0150] The insulating material 1 is preferably provided to have a reaction to fire classification of normally flammable, in particular "E" or better, under the heat of a standard flame in the fire tests standardized according to DIN EN ISO 11925-2 and DIN EN ISO 13501-1. [Explanation of symbols]

[0151] 1. Insulation materials 11 First Layer 12 Second Layer 13 Reflective layer 14 Absorbing layer 21 Incident radiation 22 Reflected radiation 23 Emitted radiation 30 Combustion Cabinet 31 Burner 32 Sample Holder 33 Samples 34 Doors 35 Vent

Claims

1. A thermal insulation material (1) having at least two layers, at least one first layer (11) being formed as a reflector layer and at least one second layer (12) being formed as a spacing layer, said at least one first layer (11) and said at least one second layer (12) in each case have a polymer component, said polymer component being formed from a non-mixed polymer material, Insulating material (1).

2. the at least one first layer (11) has a layer thickness in the range of 3 μm to 250 μm, in particular in the range of 10 μm to 55 μm; The insulating material of claim 1.

3. the at least one first layer (11) has an upper side and a lower side, and at least one reflective layer (13), in particular an infrared reflective layer, is applied to the upper side and / or to the lower side of the at least one first layer (11); and / or said at least one reflective layer (13), in particular an infrared reflective layer, comprises as material a metal selected from aluminium, silver, gold, either individually or in combination and / or as an alloy; and / or said at least one reflective layer (13), in particular an infrared reflective layer, characterised in that it reflects incident radiation (21), in particular infrared radiation, to a degree between 10% and 97%, preferably between 60% and 97%. The heat insulating material according to claim 1 or 2.

4. at least one absorbing layer (14), in particular an infrared absorbing layer, is applied to the upper side and / or the lower side of the at least one first layer (11); and / or The at least one absorbing layer (14), in particular the infrared absorbing layer, comprises a material or a combination of materials selected from carbon black, carbon, a binder, a metal, a metal oxide, and / or said at least one absorbing layer (14), in particular an infrared absorbing layer, is characterised in that it absorbs incident radiation (21), in particular infrared radiation, to a degree between 5% and 96%, preferably between 75% and 96%; The insulating material of claim 3.

5. the at least one reflective layer (13), in particular an infrared reflective layer, has a thickness in the range of 5 nm to 100 μm, in particular 20 nm to 60 nm; The heat insulating material according to claim 3 or 4.

6. characterised in that the at least one absorbing layer has a thickness in the range of 5 nm to 100 μm, in particular in the case of layers made of metals and / or metal oxides deposited in a high vacuum, in the range of 20 nm to 60 nm, or in the case of layers made of carbon black and / or carbon applied by a printing method, in particular gravure printing, in the range of 2 μm to 6 μm, The heat insulating material according to any one of claims 3 to 5.

7. The at least one first layer (11) preferably comprises at least one inhibiting layer arranged above and / or below the reflective layer (13) in order to improve corrosion resistance, in particular said at least one blocking layer comprises a material or a combination of materials selected from the group consisting of non-mixed polymers, inorganic coatings, silicon oxides (SiOx), silicon dioxide (SiO2); The heat insulating material according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The at least one second layer (12) has a thickness in the range of 0.5 mm to 120 mm, in particular 2 mm to 5 mm, and / or a density of 10 g / m ２ ~2000g / m ２ , especially 50 g / m ２ Up to 200 g / m ２ and in particular having a surface weight in the range the at least one second layer (12) is formed as a structured film and / or an air or gas-cushion film and / or a foam and / or a woven and / or a nonwoven material, in particular a fleece and / or a felt and / or a fibre and / or a hollow fibre, and / or the at least one second layer (12) has a lattice structure and / or a honeycomb structure and / or a diamond shaped structure; and / or the at least one second layer (12) comprises several fibres, in particular characterized in that the fibres have different thicknesses and / or structures, The heat insulating material according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The at least one second layer (12) has a support structure forming two or more chambers, the chambers being defined by the support structure, in particular the support structure comprises fibres having a thickness in the range of 1 μm to 1000 μm, in particular 10 μm to 100 μm, and / or the support structure is formed as an airtight polymer structure, and / or characterised in that the two or more chambers are filled with several fibres having a thickness in the range of 1 μm to 100 μm, in particular 5 μm to 20 μm, and / or with at least one gas, The heat insulating material according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The at least one second layer (12) comprises at least one flame retardant or a combination of flame retardants selected from inorganic flame retardants, inert gases, noble gases, inorganic vapour deposits, physically acting flame retardants, chemically acting flame retardants, in particular characterised in that the at least one flame retardant comprises aluminium hydroxide Al(OH) 3 , which is preferably formed from an aluminium-containing reflective layer (13) during the process of recycling the thermal insulation material (1), in particular the at least one first layer (11); The insulating material according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. The insulating material (1) has defined openings, in particular in the form of holes, incisions and / or perforations, preferably these openings being formed as membranes with a defined permeability to certain substances and / or these openings being formed as valves for material exchange in only one direction, in particular the insulating material (1) is characterized in that it comprises a reinforcement made of the non-mixed polymer material in the area of ​​the opening, The insulating material according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. The insulating material (1) has a reaction to fire classification of normally flammable, in particular of "E" or better, under the heat of a standard flame of the fire test standardized according to DIN EN ISO 11925-2 and DIN EN ISO 13501-1, and / or The insulating material (1) is characterized in that it has a burning rate of 0 mm / min under the heat of a standard flame of a fire test standardized according to DIN 75200 and / or FMVSS 302, in particular being classified as SE / NBR or "self-extinguishing / no burn rate" according to FMVSS 302, The insulating material according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. The following steps are included, in particular in the following order: a) providing at least one first layer (11) as a reflector layer having an upper side and a lower side; b) providing at least one second layer (12) as a spacing layer; c) bonding said at least one first layer (11) to said at least one second layer (12) to obtain an insulating material (1) having at least two layers, said at least one first layer (11) and said at least one second layer (12) in each case having a polymer component, said polymer component being formed from a non-mixed polymer material; A method for producing an insulating material (1), in particular according to any one of claims 1 to 12, which is carried out by

14. After step a) and before step b), the following step: d) applying at least one reflecting layer (13), in particular an infrared reflecting layer, and / or at least one absorbing layer (14), in particular an infrared absorbing layer, to the upper side and / or the lower side of the at least one first layer (11). Further studies were carried out, in particular: aluminium, in particular silver or gold, or combinations and / or alloys of these metals, are applied as a reflective layer (13), in particular an infrared reflective layer, in step d), and / or Carbon black and / or carbon and / or metals and / or metal oxides and / or 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that a binder is applied in step d) as an absorbing layer (14), in particular as an infrared absorbing layer.

15. Before and / or after step d), the following steps: e) applying at least one blocking layer to the at least one first layer and / or to the at least one reflective layer (13), in particular by vapor deposition in a high vacuum and / or by a printing method, in particular gravure printing and / or screen printing and / or flexographic printing. Further studies were carried out, in particular: The at least one blocking layer in step e) is characterized in that it comprises a material or a combination of materials selected from the following: non-mixed polymers, inorganic coatings, silicon oxides (SiOx), silicon dioxide (SiO2); 15. The method according to claim 13 or 14.

16. Step c) is followed by the following step: f) introducing defined openings into the insulating material (1), in particular said openings being introduced in the form of holes, cuts and / or perforations. Further studies were carried out, in particular: said openings being introduced in step f) into said insulation material (1) as membranes with a defined permeability to certain substances and / or as valves for material exchange in only one direction; and / or characterised in that in step f) a reinforcement made from the non-mixed polymer material is provided in the opening. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 15.

17. The at least one second layer, in particular the spacing layer, provided in step b) comprises at least one flame retardant or a combination of flame retardants selected from inorganic flame retardants, inert gases, noble gases, inorganic vapour deposits, physically acting flame retardants, chemically acting flame retardants, in particular characterised in that the at least one flame retardant comprises aluminium hydroxide, which is preferably formed from the reflective layer (13) and / or the absorbent layer (14) containing aluminium during the process of recycling the thermal insulation material (1), in particular the at least one first layer (11), The method according to any one of claims 13 to 16.

18. characterised in that the insulating material (1) is filled with gas before and / or during and / or after the joining in step c), in particular that the gas is enclosed in two or more chambers formed by the support structure of the at least one second layer, The method according to any one of claims 13 to 17.

19. A method for recycling an insulating material (1) according to claims 1 to 12, in particular produced by a method according to claims 13 to 18, in which the following steps are carried out, in particular in the following order: I) pulverizing the insulating material (1) using a pulverizing device; II) washing the pulverized insulating material (1) by a washing device, using a washing liquid to release and / or precipitate and / or separate and / or recover inorganic components, thereby providing an unmixed polymeric material; A method of recycling carried out by.

20. In step II, water (H ２ 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a mixture of ethyl acetate (Et2O) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is used as a cleaning liquid.

20. The method of claim 19.

21. The inorganic component in step II) comprises aluminum, in particular the aluminum originating from the at least one reflective layer (13) of the at least one first layer (11) of the thermal insulation material (1), and the aluminum reacts with the cleaning liquid, in particular with the water and the sodium hydroxide solution, according to the formula <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr">22Al+6H<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> ２ <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> O+2NaOH→2Na[Al(OH)<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> ４ <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> ]+3H<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> ２ React according to Sodium aluminate solution Na[Al(OH) ４ ] and hydrogen H ２ In particular, The hydrogen production is delivered to heat recovery; and / or The sodium aluminate solution Na[Al(OH) 4 ] is reacted in step II) according to the reaction formula Na[Al(OH)4]+CO2 →Al(OH)3+NaHCO3 with carbon dioxide, particularly carbon dioxide captured from the exhaust gas stream, according to characterised in that aluminium hydroxide Al(OH) 3 and sodium hydrogen carbonate NaHCO 3 are formed, 21. The method of any one of claims 19 or 20.

22. Step II) is followed by the following step: III) drying the unmixed polymeric material by a drying device; Further studies were carried out, in particular: characterised in that the dried, unmixed polymer material is used again to manufacture the at least one first layer (11) and / or the at least one second layer (12) of the thermal insulation material (1), The method according to any one of claims 19 to 21.

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