Vacuum toilets and vacuum tanks for vacuum toilets
Patent Information
- Application Number
- JP2024519961
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2021-06-14
- Filing Date
- 2022-06-14
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-16
- Estimated Expiration
- 2042-06-14
AI Technical Summary
Vacuum toilets require a significant amount of flushing water, which is a limiting factor for reducing water consumption, especially in separate toilet applications where different wastewater streams need to be treated separately, and existing systems are costly to modify.
A vacuum tank is divided into an upper and lower volume by a separating member, with a funnel-shaped water conduit directing wastewater flow to the lower volume, minimizing water usage and preventing contamination of the upper volume, and a three-way valve separates wastewater streams for efficient treatment.
Reduces flushing water to 300 ml per use while maintaining effective suction, allowing separate treatment of wastewater streams with minimal water consumption and energy savings.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
[Technical field]
[0001] The present invention relates to a vacuum tank for a vacuum toilet, the vacuum tank comprising an inlet opening arranged on a side wall of the tank and connectable via a valve connected in the middle with a main outlet of a toilet bowl, an outlet opening arranged at the lowest point for further delivering the sucked out waste water flow, and wherein air in the tank can be sucked down to a pressure below atmospheric pressure via the outlet opening or via another opening in the vacuum tank.
[0002] The present invention further relates to a vacuum toilet comprising a toilet bowl having a main outlet, a flushing section and a vacuum tank having an inlet opening arranged in a side wall and an outlet opening arranged at the lowest point, the main outlet of the toilet bowl being connected to the inlet opening of the vacuum tank via a valve, further comprising a control unit having at least one operating unit for a user, via which the flushing process can be initiated. [Background technology]
[0003] Vacuum toilets are often used in vehicles, ships or trains because they require very little flushing water. Usually, only about 1 liter of flushing water is required during the flushing process. During the flushing process, the toilet bowl, whose main outlet is closed by a valve, is first flushed with a volume of flushing water, which is then rapidly sucked out through the valve together with the waste, urine and paper. In order to be able to achieve a sufficient suction effect, a suitable sized vacuum vessel is required, which is first evacuated by means of a pump. Then, when the valve is opened, a rapid pressure equalization takes place, during which the entire wastewater flow is sucked into the vacuum vessel. The valve is then closed and the wastewater flow is further transferred from the vacuum tank.
[0004] The low water requirements of this type of toilet make it attractive for use in split toilets, where a waste stream with waste is separated from a waste-free stream and fed to separate uses. In this context too, it is advantageous that particularly little flush water is required for further treatment of the waste stream.
[0005] It turns out that the limiting factor for the amount of flushing water to be used is the vacuum tank. The vacuum tank must have a certain volume, usually a few liters, e.g. 6-8 liters for a standard toilet, so as to be able to provide the necessary suction for the flushing process. During the flushing process itself, the wastewater flow, consisting for example of waste, urine, paper and flushing water, is sucked into the tank at high speed, so that when entering the vacuum tank, the wastewater flow becomes explosively dispersed over the entire inner side wall of the vacuum tank, especially in the case of a wastewater flow with waste. The vacuum tank cannot reduce the amount of flushing water further, in order not to gradually stick and hinder its function when further transporting the wastewater flow along the side wall.
[0006] In particular, if the toilet is intended to be used as a separation toilet, in which a wastewater stream with a high solids content must be fed to a subsequent treatment with a high solids content, it is necessary to further reduce the flushing water volume significantly, so that the waste stream does not subsequently have to be further treated by energy-intensive measures. Insofar as the wastewater streams are also to be treated differently depending on their type after the vacuum tank, the flushing water volume must be sufficiently high in order to achieve the lowest possible secondary contamination of the successive wastewater streams during the individual flushing processes. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]
[0007] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a vacuum tank for a vacuum toilet, which allows a further significant reduction in the need for flushing water. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a vacuum toilet with a low need for flushing water, which can also be used as a separation toilet, in which different wastewater flows can be further treated separately after passing through the vacuum tank. Both the vacuum tank and the vacuum toilet should be modified as little as possible in their construction relative to known systems, so that components that are already standardized to a large extent can be used, thereby keeping production costs low. [Means for solving the problem]
[0008] This problem is solved first of all by a vacuum tank, which is divided into an upper volume and a lower volume by a separating element, which, together with a side wall part of the vacuum tank, forms a downwardly opening water conduit, which is located approximately at the level of the inlet opening in the tank and which runs along the circumference of the tank and is preferably formed in a spiral shape, starting from the inlet opening and running at least once around a substantially horizontal circumference towards the lower volume, with a passage hole being arranged in the middle in the separating element between the upper and lower volumes. The use of the separating element makes it possible to significantly reduce the amount of water for washing. During the washing process, the waste water flow is braked from the inlet opening through the longer path of the water conduit which runs along the circumference and spreads only downwards into the lower volume, so that it does not become explosively dispersed throughout the interior of the vacuum tank. The waste water flow is preferably led towards the outlet opening which is arranged in the lower volume of the vacuum tank. The upper volume never comes into contact with the wastewater flow and is therefore only used for the creation of a vacuum. As a result, the water channel and the lower volume can be cleaned with only a little washing water after each cleaning process. Experiments have shown that it is possible to reduce the amount of washing water to only 300 ml, and yet the entire water channel and a significant part of the lower volume are completely washed away during the cleaning process. This is also possible in the case of a very dirty waste stream, such as in the case of diarrhea. Due to the passage holes in the separating element, the entire volume of the vacuum tank can be used to prepare the vacuum for the next cleaning process. The separating element can then be positioned exactly halfway up the vacuum tank or, preferably, offset within the lower half, for example at one third of the height.
[0009] Another preferred feature is that the passage holes in the separating element are funnel-shaped toward the lower volume, and if necessary the upper side of the separating element is also funnel-shaped toward the passage holes, which additionally ensures that the upper volume in the vacuum tank is not contaminated. Even if the wastewater flow is dispersed relatively quickly into the lower volume, the funnel-shaped structure of the passage holes ensures that almost no liquid enters the upper volume. Even if part of the wastewater flow reaches the upper volume through the passage holes, it is discharged again into the lower volume in the direction of the passage holes through the upper side of the separating element, which is also funnel-shaped.
[0010] According to another preferred feature, the separating element is formed integrally with the tank part forming the lower volume and is connected to the tank part forming the upper volume via a passage hole. For manufacturing reasons, it may be preferred if the separating element is formed as a common part together with the tank part forming the lower volume. The lower tank part then has an inlet opening in the region of the separating element and an outlet opening at the lowest point. The separating element forms a cover surface for the tank part and is oriented upwards and has a passage hole. The further tank part forming the upper tank volume can then be connected to the lower tank part via a passage hole. The upper tank volume can be formed in its lower region in such a way that it extends in a funnel shape towards the passage hole.
[0011] The object of the present invention is further achieved by the vacuum toilet mentioned at the outset, characterized in that the vacuum tank is divided into an upper volume and a lower volume by a separating element, which is located approximately at the level of the inlet opening in the tank and forms, possibly together with a side wall part of the vacuum tank, a downwardly opening water conduit which runs along the circumference of the tank and is preferably formed in a spiral shape, starting from the inlet opening and running at least once around a substantially horizontal circumference towards the lower volume, and a passage hole is arranged in the middle in the separating element between the upper volume and the lower volume. By installing a vacuum tank corresponding to the vacuum toilet, the above-mentioned advantages are also realized here. With the exception of the inlet opening of the vacuum tank and the location of the installation of the separating element, standard components can still be installed, which keeps production costs low.
[0012] A preferred feature is that the passage opening in the separating element is funnel-shaped towards the lower volume, and possibly also the upper side of the separating element is funnel-shaped towards the passage opening, which, as already mentioned above, has the advantage that almost no part of the wastewater flow reaches or remains in the upper volume of the vacuum tank.
[0013] As also already explained above in connection with the vacuum tank, another preferred feature is that the separating member is integrally formed with the tank part forming the lower volume and is connected to the tank part forming the upper volume via a passage hole, which is an advantage for cost-effective production.
[0014] According to another preferred embodiment, a three-way valve having one inlet and two outlets is further provided downstream of the outlet opening of the vacuum tank, which three-way valve is operable via the control unit to direct the waste stream into two different discharge conduits arranged downstream depending on whether the waste stream is a urine stream or a waste stream. The vacuum toilet thus formed allows for an effective separation of different waste streams, i.e. for example a waste stream consisting of urine, flushing water and possibly paper is directed to one outlet, whereas a waste stream consisting of waste, flushing water, paper and urine is directed to the other outlet. With a low flushing water proportion it is possible to achieve a waste stream with a solids proportion of 7-12%. Such a waste stream can thereby be further treated in an energy-efficient manner.
[0015] According to a possible preferred variant, the switching of the three-way valve is performed by the input of the operating unit. In the simplest case, the switching between the two discharge conduits takes place when the flushing process is already started. As in a normal water-saving toilet, the user has flush buttons, for example for the "small" and "large" flushes, and determines by using the flush buttons whether the wastewater flow is contaminated with excrement or not. In this case, indeed, the water volume of the flush does not change, and only the three-way valve is switched accordingly, but since flush buttons of this kind are known to the majority of users, no new operation has to be learned, which minimizes the rate of misuse.
[0016] Alternatively, according to another preferred variant, a sensor unit is provided in the toilet bowl, which is connected to the control unit and detects the type of waste flow, i.e. urine flow or waste flow, and the switching of the three-way valve is performed by a control impulse from the control unit on the basis of the sensor data. In order to avoid any user errors, the selection of the correct discharge conduit can be performed on the basis of the sensor unit, which provides the corresponding information to the control unit. A possible sensor is an optical sensor mounted in the toilet bowl, which detects the contents of the toilet bowl and further communicates whether it is a waste waste flow or not. In that case, the measurement is likewise performed when the flushing process is running, the calculated sensor value is evaluated by the control unit and the three-way valve is adjusted accordingly. It is clear to the average person skilled in the art that instead of the three-way valve there are other equivalent embodiments. That is, the vacuum tank can be provided, for example, at its lowest point with two separate outlet openings, each of which has a valve that can be actuated by the control unit.
[0017] An additional preferred feature of the vacuum toilet is that a further separation device is already provided upstream of the main outlet in the toilet bowl for directing a large part of the urinary flow. This allows for a more efficient separation of the wastewater flow. A particularly simple to realize separation device for directing the urinary flow is disclosed, for example, in Austrian patent no. 521114. In the solution described there, the urinary flow is directed directly through the toilet bowl wall into a separate drainage conduit based on the teapot effect. As a result, only a large wastewater flow is generated at the main outlet of the toilet bowl, which contains either only waste material, paper and flush water or only paper and flush water at all.
[0018] Another preferred feature is that a filter device is provided in the discharge conduit for the wastewater flow that is arranged downstream of the three-way valve. Corresponding filter devices can be used to further remove paper from the urine wastewater flow or the substantially clean flush water wastewater flow. Various solutions exist here in the prior art, such as separation via a screw, a centrifuge, etc. Thus, if separation of the urine flow already takes place in the toilet bowl, the pure flush water flow can also be provided very simply for a new flush, for example after passing through a filter device. This allows the overall water consumption of the vacuum toilet to be further reduced.
[0019] And another preferred feature is that downstream of the outlet opening a grinding pump is arranged, which further transports and optionally homogenizes the wastewater stream coming from the vacuum tank, and downstream of the grinding pump a three-way valve is optionally provided with one inlet and two outlets, one outlet being connected to the other discharge conduit and the second outlet being connected via a return to the lower volume of the vacuum tank. Indeed, in wastewater streams contaminated with excrement, including toilet paper for example, it is advantageous to homogenize the wastewater stream for further transport and treatment. In order to achieve sufficient homogenization, a grinding pump can be provided which draws the wastewater stream from the lower volume of the vacuum tank. As the amount of washing water is very small, a single pass through the grinding pump may not result in sufficient homogenization, so a return into the lower volume of the vacuum tank can be provided. The relevant wastewater stream can thereby be circulated and pumped back into the vacuum tank and transported through the grinding pump several times until it is completely homogenized. The homogenized wastewater stream is then directed to a discharge conduit where it is fed to other processes, for example as further described above. The grinding pump and the continuation of the reflux circulation are likewise controlled by the control unit. [Brief description of the drawings]
[0020] The invention will now be explained in more detail using examples and with the aid of the accompanying drawings. [Figure 1] 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a vacuum tank according to the present invention. [Diagram 2] 4 is another schematic representation of a vacuum tank according to the present invention. [Diagram 3] 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a separation member. [Figure 4] 13 is another schematic representation of a separation member. [Diagram 5] FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a possible embodiment of a vacuum toilet according to the present invention and a vacuum tank arranged therein. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a possible embodiment of a vacuum toilet according to the present invention and a vacuum tank arranged therein. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a possible embodiment of a vacuum toilet according to the present invention and a vacuum tank arranged therein. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a possible embodiment of a vacuum toilet according to the present invention and a vacuum tank arranged therein. [Figure 9] 1 shows a schematic cross-section of a lower tank part with an integrated separating element on the upper side. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0021] In figures 1 and 2 a vacuum tank 1 according to the invention is shown diagrammatically. In figure 1 the tank itself is shown in cross section, the integrated separating element 7 being completely shown by a dashed invisible line. In figure 2 the same representation is shown from above. The vacuum tank 1 has an inlet opening 2 in its side wall approximately below half its height. At the lowest point of the vacuum tank 1 there is an outlet opening 6. The inner volume of the vacuum tank is divided by the integrated separating element 7 into an upper volume 8 and a lower volume 9. The separating element 7 has a spirally extending, downwardly open water conduit 10 which brakes the wastewater flow entering from the inlet opening 2 over the circumference of the vacuum tank 1 and directs it downward in the direction of the outlet opening 6. In the centre of the separating element 7 there is a passage hole 11, which can be seen in particular in figure 2. The passage hole is formed in such a way that it extends in a funnel-like manner downward. Furthermore, the upper side of the separating element 1 is also formed in such a way that it extends in a funnel-like manner towards the passage hole 11. That is to say, it is extremely difficult for the wastewater to reach the upper volume 8 in the first place, and even if it does, it is immediately guided again via the funnel-shaped surface through the passage holes 11 to the outlet opening 6 below.
[0022] In Fig. 3 only the separating element 7 is shown in a perspective view and in Fig. 4 in a longitudinal section. As can be seen, the separating element 7 is configured as a funnel in the illustrated embodiment, with the downwardly opening water channel 10 formed helically around a downwardly flaring funnel stub. The separating element 7 can therefore be configured as an integral component.
[0023] In Fig. 5 a schematic circuit diagram of a possible embodiment of a vacuum toilet according to the invention is shown. A toilet bowl 5 with a main outlet 4 is connected via a valve 3 to the inlet opening 2 of the vacuum tank 1 already mentioned above. Downstream of the outlet opening 6 of the vacuum tank 1 a three-way valve 13 with one inlet and two outlets is connected. The two outlets are respectively provided with an outlet conduit 15 for the wastewater flow contaminated with excrement and an outlet conduit 14 for the wastewater flow free of excrement. The vacuum toilet further comprises a control unit 12, which is connected to an operating unit 19, a vacuum pump 18 as well as a sensor unit 20 and the valves 3, 13.
[0024] The flushing process is started via the operating unit 9, which can be designed in such a way that the user can select the appropriate button for the type of wastewater flow. In this case, the sensor unit 20 is not necessary and the control of the three-way valve 13 is performed by the user's input. Insofar as only a flush button and a sensor unit 20 are provided, the sensor unit 20 is activated when the operating unit 19 is operated. This sensor unit then detects which type of wastewater flow it is. The sensor unit 20 can have, for example, an optical sensor, which is mounted in the toilet bowl 5 and detects the contents of the toilet bowl. Subsequently, flushing water is transferred into the toilet bowl, which generates a negative pressure in the vacuum tank 1. The valve 3 below the main outlet 4 of the toilet bowl 5 is then opened and the contents of the toilet bowl are sucked into the vacuum tank. The separating element 7 brakes the wastewater flow through the side wall of the tank and directs it into the lower volume 9 of the vacuum tank 1. As soon as the contents of the toilet bowl 5 have been completely evacuated, the valve 3 upstream of the inlet opening 2 is closed again and the three-way valve 13 is opened by the control unit 12 towards one of the two discharge conduits 14, 15, respectively depending on the type of wastewater flow. Optionally, the interior of the vacuum tank 1 can also be pressurized via a vacuum pump 18 when the three-way valve 13 is opened in order to transfer the contents in the lower volume 9 out of the tank.
[0025] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, another separation device 16 is provided in the toilet bowl 5, through which the urinary flow can be discharged directly. In principle, each known separation device 16 for the urinary flow can be provided in the toilet bowl 5. Preferably, it is a separation device as disclosed in the Austrian patent 521114, in which the urinary flow is directly discharged via a teapot effect via a secondary discharge conduit in the toilet bowl 5. The control of the flushing process is performed in the same way as described above for the embodiment shown in FIG. 5. Another difference in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is that a filter device 17 is provided in the discharge conduit 14 for the wastewater flow that does not contain excrement. Here, toilet paper, which is for example in the wastewater flow, is separated from the wastewater flow. The toilet paper, which counts as a "solid" element, can be fed to the wastewater flow contaminated with excrement in the other discharge conduit 15 after separation via the filter device 17 and further treated therewith. The wastewater flow with a large amount of flushing flow and traces of urine, which remains after the filter device 17, is guided together with the urinary wastewater flow from the separation device 16 for the urinary flow in the illustrated example and further treated therewith. However, it is also possible to separate the wash water stream and feed it to reprocessing as wash water.
[0026] The embodiment shown in FIG. 7 shows the arrangement shown in FIG. 6 in the essential components, whereby a further separation of the wastewater flow free of waste material takes place downstream of the filter device 17. In order to separate the wastewater flow with a significant urine proportion from the wastewater flow with an essentially only flush water proportion, a further directional valve 23 is provided downstream of the filter device, which is likewise actuated by the control unit 12. The control of this directional valve 23 can take place in various ways, for example by separating a purely purifying flushing process from a wastewater flushing process with a time shift, but also on the basis of a further sensor unit 20 arranged in the filter device 17. This sensor unit can be, for example, a conductivity sensor which measures the urine content in the wastewater flow in the filter device 17. Based on this information, the control unit 12 can open the directional valve 23 in the direction of the flushing water treatment unit 22 or, in the case of a high urine content, can direct the wastewater flow to the urine flow treatment unit 21. The separation device 16 for the urine flow already present in the toilet bowl 5 also communicates with the urine flow treatment unit 21. This additional separability allows the urinary waste stream in existing toilet uses to also be efficiently differentiated and separated from the flush water stream.
[0027] FIG. 8 shows another possible embodiment, in which the entire waste water flow is transferred via the main outlet 4 into the vacuum tank 1 and then treated in various streams. For this purpose, a grinding pump 25 is connected downstream of the outlet opening 6 of the vacuum tank 1, via which the waste water flow in the lower volume 9 of the vacuum tank 1 is further transferred and homogenized. If it is a urinary waste water flow, it is diverted in the direction of the urinary stream treatment section 21 via the three-way valves 26, 13 and the directional valve 23 downstream of the grinding pump 25. If it is a pure washing water flow, it is diverted via the filter device 17 to the washing water treatment section 22. In that case, the filter device 17 can of course also be arranged between the three-way valve 13 and the directional valve 23. The control of the washing process and the position of the valves 26, 13, 23 are then again controlled by the control unit 12 on the basis of the input of the user on the operating unit 19 or on the sensor unit 20. In order to achieve the lowest possible water consumption, the waste water flow is also largely separated in time from the washing process. That is, for example, in the case of a urine discharge stream, this is first sucked out during the cleaning process via the vacuum tank 1 and guided to the appropriate urine stream treatment. Then, a further cleaning process is carried out with approximately one liter of water, which is fed to the cleaning water treatment unit 22.
[0028] In the case of wastewater contaminated with waste, the wastewater flow is not sufficiently homogenized by the grinding pump 25 in the first pass due to the small amount of water in the flushing process. Here too, the flushing process is carried out separately in order to save flushing water. For example, only 0.3 liters of water are used to transport the waste. For this reason, the control unit can switch the three-way valve 26 in the direction of the return flow 27, which is connected to the volume 9 below the vacuum tank 7. The wastewater flow can thus be guided in a circular manner through the grinding pump 25 several times until it is sufficiently homogenized. It is then diverted via the three-way valves 26, 13 in the direction of the discharge line 15 for the waste flow. Only then can the actual cleaning flush for the toilet bowl 5 and the volume 9 below the vacuum tank 1 take place, for which approximately 1.5 liters of flushing water are used. This flushing water can then likewise be reused via the flushing water treatment unit 22 due to its low soiling. In total, this type of toilet then has a very low total flush water consumption of about 2.6 liters per day, compared to about 40 liters in the case of a conventional vacuum toilet or about 200 liters in the case of a conventional flushing toilet.
[0029] FIG. 9 shows a possible embodiment of the lower tank part 24 in a schematic cross-section. The lower tank part 24 is then formed in one piece with a separating element 7 as the upper end of the tank part 24. The water channel 10 is then formed by the separating element 7 together with the topmost wall part of the side wall of the lower tank part 24. In the region of the separating element 7, an inlet opening 2 leads into the lower tank part 24, and at the lowest point there is an outlet opening 6. Towards the top there is a passage hole 11, to which an upper tank part (not shown) can be connected in order to increase the possible volume of the vacuum treatment. Depending on the respective application and the required vacuum, the upper tank parts can be arranged with different geometries or volumes. In that case the lower tank parts always remain equal, which keeps the production costs low.
[0030] The invention therefore makes it possible to create a vacuum toilet which, on the one hand, can be operated with an extremely small amount of flushing water and, on the other hand, when used as a separation toilet, produces an already concentrated waste water stream which can be better separated, which also means significant energy savings for the further treatment of the waste water stream.
Claims
1. A vacuum tank (1) for a vacuum toilet, The vacuum tank (1) is provided with an inlet opening (2) which is arranged on the side wall of the tank and can be connected via a valve (3) connected in the middle with the main outlet (4) of the toilet (5), and an outlet opening (6) which is arranged at the lowest point and is used for further discharging the sucked drainage flow, and in a case where the air in the tank can be sucked to a pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure via the outlet opening (6) or via another opening in the vacuum tank (1), the vacuum tank (1) is divided by a separating member (7) into an upper volume (8) and a lower volume (9), the separating member (7) is substantially located at the height of the inlet opening (2) in the tank, and forms a water guide passage (10) with a downward opening which extends along the circumference of the tank and is preferably formed in a spiral shape together with the side wall portion of the vacuum tank (1), the water guide passage (10) starts from the inlet opening (2), extends at least one full circle around a substantially horizontal circumference, and extends towards the lower volume (9), at the center of the separating member (7), a passage hole (11) is arranged between the upper volume (8) and the lower volume (9), the passage hole (11) in the separating member (7) is formed in a funnel shape towards the lower volume (9), In some cases, the upper side of the separating member (7) is similarly formed to extend towards the passage hole (11) in a funnel shape A vacuum tank for a vacuum toilet, characterized in that.
2. In the vacuum tank (1) for a vacuum toilet according to Claim 1 or 2, the separating member (7) is integrally formed with the tank portion (24) forming the lower volume, and is connected to the tank portion forming the upper volume via the passage hole (11) A vacuum tank for a vacuum toilet, characterized in that.
3. A toilet (5) having a main discharge port (4), a cleaning unit, and a vacuum tank (1) having an inflow opening (2) disposed within a side wall and an outflow opening (6) disposed at a lowest point, wherein the main discharge port (4) of the toilet (5) is connected to the inflow opening (2) of the vacuum tank (1) via a valve (3), and is a vacuum toilet, further comprising a control unit (12) having at least one operating unit (19) for a user, wherein a cleaning process can be started via the operating unit, the vacuum tank (1) is divided by a separating member (7) into an upper volume (8) and a lower volume (9), the separating member (7) is substantially positioned at the height of the inflow opening (2) within the tank, and forms, together with a side wall portion of the vacuum tank (1), a water guide passage (10) which extends along the circumference of the tank and is preferably formed in a helical shape and is open downward, the water guide passage (10) starts from the inflow opening (2), extends substantially horizontally around at least one circumference, and extends toward the lower volume (9), at the center of the separating member (7), a passage hole (11) is disposed between the upper volume (8) and the lower volume (9), the passage hole (11) within the separating member (7) is formed in a funnel shape toward the lower volume (9), Optionally, the upper side of the separating member (7) is also formed to extend in a funnel shape toward the passage hole (11), A vacuum toilet characterized by the above.
4. In the vacuum toilet according to claim 3, the separating member (7) is integrally formed with a tank portion (24) forming the lower volume, and is connected to a tank portion forming the upper volume via the passage hole (11), A vacuum toilet characterized by the above.
5. In the vacuum toilet according to claim 3 or 4, a three-way valve (13) having one inlet and two outlets is provided downstream of the outlet opening (6) of the vacuum tank (1); The three-way valve is operable via the control unit (12) to direct the waste stream to two different downstream disposed discharge conduits (14, 15) depending on whether the waste stream is a urine stream or a waste stream. A vacuum toilet characterized by:
6. 6. The vacuum toilet of claim 5, The three-way valve (13) is switched by input from the operation unit (19). A vacuum toilet characterized by:
7. 6. The vacuum toilet of claim 5, A sensor unit (20) is provided in the toilet bowl (5), The sensor unit is connected to the control unit (12) and detects the type of waste stream, i.e., urine stream or fecal stream; The switching of the three-way valve (13) is performed by a control impulse from the control unit (12) based on sensor data. A vacuum toilet characterized by:
8. 5. The vacuum toilet according to claim 3 or 4, Already upstream of the main outlet (4) in the toilet bowl (5) there is another separating device (16) for directing the majority of the urine flow. A vacuum toilet characterized by:
9. 6. The vacuum toilet of claim 5, A filter device (17) is provided in a discharge conduit (14) for the wastewater stream not containing waste material, located downstream of the three-way valve (13). A vacuum toilet characterized by:
10. 5. The vacuum toilet according to claim 3 or 4, A grinding pump (25) is arranged downstream of said outlet opening (6), The pulverizing pump further transfers the drainage flow coming from the vacuum tank (1) and, in some cases, homogenizes it. Downstream of the pulverizing pump, in some cases, a three-way valve (26) having one inlet and two outlets is provided. One outlet is connected to another discharge conduit, and the second outlet is connected to the lower volume (9) of the vacuum tank (1) via a reflux section (27). A vacuum toilet characterized by the above.