Detection of power state changes in serial bus repeaters

Abstract

The bus repeater includes a first bus port and a second bus port, a first termination resistor network coupled to the first bus port, a second termination resistor network (692) coupled to the second bus port (Port 2), and a power state change detection circuit (621) coupled to the second bus port (Port 2). The power state change detection circuit (621) is configured to detect a power state change initiated by a device coupled to the first bus port. The detection of the power state change includes determining that a voltage on the second bus port (Port 2) exceeds a threshold. In response to detecting the power state change, the power state change detection circuit (621) is configured to cause a change in the configuration of at least one of the first termination resistor network or the second termination resistor network (692).

Description

[Background technology]

[0001] Serial buses such as the Universal Serial Bus (USB) are widely used to interconnect devices. USB expansion has resulted in a wide variety of USB devices with varying power requirements. To reduce the power consumed by the operation of USB devices, such devices may implement power management, for example, according to the Link Power Management standard of the USB standard (e.g., USB 2.0), the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. Link power management defines a reduced power state (sleep state) that can be negotiated quickly (e.g., in tens of microseconds) between devices connected via USB. Summary of the Invention

[0002] In at least one example, a bus repeater includes a first bus port and a second bus port, a first termination resistor network coupled to the first bus port, a second termination resistor network coupled to the second bus port, and a power state change detection circuit coupled to the second bus port. The power state change detection circuit is configured to detect a power state change initiated by a device coupled to the first bus port. The detection of the power state change includes determining that a voltage on the second bus port exceeds a threshold. In response to detecting the power state change, the power state change detection circuit is configured to cause a change in a configuration of at least one of the first termination resistor network or the second termination resistor network.

[0003] In some examples, a method includes determining a timing signature of packets communicated between a first device and a second device in a bus repeater. The method further includes determining that the timing signature matches a predefined signature corresponding to a power state transition to a sleep state for the first device and the second device. In response to determining that the timing signature matches the predefined signature, the method includes enabling a comparator and then determining that a voltage on a link to one of the first device or the second device exceeds a threshold. The method includes reconfiguring a termination resistor in the bus repeater for the sleep state. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0004] For a detailed description of the various examples, reference is now made to the accompanying drawings.

[0005] [Figure 1] 1 shows a block diagram of an example serial bus system including a repeater with a power state change detection circuit;

[0006] [Diagram 2] 1 shows a block diagram of a serial bus system in which termination resistors for a host, repeater, and device are configured for USB Hi-Speed ​​L0 (ON) state.

[0007] [Diagram 3] FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a serial bus system in which termination resistors for a host, repeater, and device are configured for a USB L1 (sleep) state after previously being in a high-speed (or full-speed) L0 state.

[0008] [Figure 4]FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a serial bus system in which termination resistors for a host and device are configured for a USB L1 state after previously being in a high-speed (or full-speed) L0 state, but termination resistors for a repeater are still configured for a USB high-speed L0 state.

[0009] [Diagram 5] 4 illustrates example packet timing for power state transactions on the serial bus.

[0010] [Figure 6A] A block diagram of a serial bus repeater including a power state change detection circuit is shown. [Figure 6B] A block diagram of a serial bus repeater including a power state change detection circuit is shown.

[0011] [Figure 7] 1 shows a circuit diagram of a power state change detection circuit.

[0012] [Figure 8] FIG. 4 is a timing diagram illustrating the operation of the power state change detection circuit.

[0013] [Figure 9] 4 is a flow chart illustrating a method implemented by a power state change detection circuit.

[0014] The same reference numbers and other reference characters are used in the drawings to denote the same or similar features (functionally and / or structurally). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0015] Devices can be coupled together via a serial link to exchange data and / or to be powered. The embodiments described herein relate to devices interconnected by a USB link. However, such embodiments may be applicable to other types of serial links other than USB. Through a USB link, a host device (e.g., a computer) is coupled to a peripheral device. Data can be exchanged between the host device and the peripheral device and / or power can be provided to the peripheral device by the host device.

[0016] The USB standard specifies a maximum cable length that can be used to interconnect devices. A cable longer than the maximum standard can result in signal degradation that can reduce the slew rate and lead to increased bit errors. To mitigate this problem, a USB repeater can be coupled between two devices. For example, a USB repeater can be coupled to a host device via one USB cable and to a peripheral device via a second USB cable. The USB repeater can include edge boosters and equalizers to boost signal strength and improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) so that the host and peripheral device can be coupled together over longer distances than if they were connected together by a single USB cable.

[0017] A USB repeater includes two electrical interfaces, one electrical interface connected to a host device and another electrical interface connected to a peripheral device, such that to the host device the repeater acts as a peripheral device and to the peripheral device the repeater acts as a host device. An example implementation of a USB repeater is shown in FIG. 6 and described below.

[0018] The USB link power management (LPM) standard defines four power management states that may be implemented by a USB-compliant device. The four power management states include L0 (on), L1 (sleep), L2 (suspend), and L3 (off). In the L0 state, the host device and the peripheral device may operate in low speed (LS) mode, full speed (FS) mode, or high speed (HS) mode. The data rate for LS mode is 1.5 Megabits per second (Mbps). The data rate for FS mode is 12 Mbps, and the data rate for HS mode is 480 Mbps. The LPM standard adds the L1 state to the USB standard, while the conditions corresponding to the L0, L2, and L3 states predate the LPM standard. Entering the L1 state involves multiple packets transferred between the host and the peripheral device. For example, to transition from the L0 state to the L1 state, the host device sends two token packets (a token packet and an extended token packet) to the peripheral device, and the peripheral device that receives the token packet sends a handshake packet back to the host to accept or reject the power state transition. When the peripheral device sends an acknowledgment (ACK) handshake packet, the peripheral device and the host enter their respective L1 states, during which power consumption is reduced.

[0019] Each USB-compliant device includes termination resistors on its bus terminals. The configuration of termination resistors for a device in the L0 state in HS mode is different from the configuration for the same device in the L1 state. However, the configuration of termination resistors for a device in the L0 state in LS and FS modes is the same as the configuration for the same device in the L1 state. The USB repeater must also configure its termination resistors depending on the state of the serial bus such that the repeater's termination resistor configuration for the host and peripheral devices on its interface mimics the termination resistor configuration of the peripheral device and the termination resistor configuration of the host device, respectively. Thus, the USB repeater must detect any power state changes negotiated between the host and peripheral devices. The embodiments described herein relate to a USB repeater that detects a state change from L0 to L1 for a device that was operating in HS mode during the L0 state before transitioning to the L1 state. Thus, any reference below to the L0 state means that the device is operating in HS mode while in the L0 state.

[0020] A USB repeater may be implemented to detect transitions from the L0 state to the L1 state of the host device and the peripheral device by decoding packets transmitted between the host device and the peripheral device to identify LPM transactions. However, packet decoding requires the repeater to include precision clock sources, phase-locked loops (PLLs), clock and data recovery (CDR) circuitry, and other expensive circuitry that increases the size and cost of the repeater.

[0021] The USB repeaters described herein identify the L0 to L1 power state transition without using PLL, CDR circuitry, or decoding of packets associated with an LPM transaction. Instead, some example USB repeaters identify the L0 to L1 power state transition by detecting the possible occurrence of a sequence of packets that indicate a request for a power state transition. In one embodiment, such detection is performed by measuring the duration of each packet passing through the repeater and comparing the duration of those packets to the known duration of the particular packets (e.g., token packets, extended token packets, and handshake packets) that define the request for a power state transition. However, other sequences of packets may have the same or similar durations. Thus, detection of a sequence of packets that matches the duration of a token packet, extended token packet, and handshake packet indicates a L0 to L1 power state transition, but does not necessarily guarantee that it is an L0 to L1 power state transition. For this reason, some example repeaters perform a second step to confirm the power state transition.

[0022] In some examples, after identifying a possible power state transaction, the repeater compares the differential voltage on its serial bus link to the peripheral device with a threshold value. When the peripheral device sends its handshake packet to complete the packet sequence for the power state transition, the peripheral device reconfigures its bus termination resistors to FS mode, which results in an increase in the idle mode differential voltage on the bus link. If the repeater determines that the differential bus voltage exceeds the threshold value, it confirms detection of a possible power state transition (which comes from determining the time duration of the packets that define the power state transition). Having performed both steps (determining the time duration of the sequence of packets that indicate a possible power state transition and determining that the peripheral bus voltage exceeds the threshold value), the repeater reconfigures its own termination resistors to match the newly detected power state.

[0023] FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary serial bus system 100 including a serial bus repeater 104 (e.g., a USB repeater) coupled between a host 102 and a peripheral device 106. The host 102 initiates communication with the peripheral device 106. The roles of a "host" and a "peripheral device" can be reversed. Thus, the device illustrated as the host 102 in FIG. 1 can also function as a peripheral device, while the device illustrated as the peripheral device 106 can also function as a host. In some embodiments, such devices can have their roles reversed. The link 103 between the host 102 and the serial bus repeater 104 is a serial bus (e.g., a USB link). Similarly, the link 105 between the serial bus repeater 104 and the peripheral device 106 is a serial bus (e.g., a USB link). The host 102 and the peripheral device 106 communicate through the serial bus repeater 104. In one example, the serial bus system 100 is a USB 2.0 system, the host 102 is a USB 2.0 host, the peripheral device 106 is a USB 2.0 device, and the serial bus repeater 104 is a USB 2.0 repeater. In some implementations of the serial bus system 100, the serial bus repeater 104 electrically isolates the host 102 from the peripheral device 106. In other implementations of the serial bus system 100, the serial bus repeater 104 does not electrically isolate the host 102 from the peripheral device 106. The serial bus repeater 104 receives signals from the host 102 or the peripheral device 106, conditions the received signals, and retransmits them. Some implementations of the serial bus repeater 104 do not decode data packets received from the host 102 or the peripheral device 106.

[0024] The serial bus repeater 104 includes a power state change detection (PSCD) circuit 108. The power state change detection circuit 108 identifies transitions to reduced power states in the serial bus system 100 without decoding packets transmitted over the serial bus. As each packet on the serial bus passes through the serial bus repeater 104, the power state change detection circuit 108 identifies a series of sequential packets that may indicate, but are not guaranteed to be, a power state change transaction. An example of how the power state change detection circuit 108 detects the occurrence of such a sequence of packets is based on the duration of the packets and is described below with respect to Figures 5 and 6. Matching the duration of each packet of the sequence of packets to the expected duration of a packet corresponding to, for example, a power state change from L0 to L1 indicates that such a sequence of packets may be a sequence of power state changes. However, it is also possible that such sequence packets coincidentally have similar durations, although for different purposes.

[0025] Once a series of packets indicating a possible power state change has been identified, the power state change detection circuit 108 determines whether the voltage on the USB link between the repeater 104 and the peripheral device 106 exceeds a threshold as a way of verifying that the packets are for changing the power state between the host and the peripheral device. In one example, the USB link implements differential signaling, including a plus (P) data line and a minus (M) data line. The USB link voltage compared to the threshold is the voltage difference between the P and M data lines (e.g., the differential voltage on the USB link between the repeater 104 and the peripheral device 106). The link voltage exceeding the threshold verifying that there has been a change in the power state of the serial bus system 100 (e.g., from a USB L0 state (on) in HS mode to a USB L1 state (sleep)). The power state change detection circuit 108 reacts to this verification by reconfiguring the termination resistors in the serial bus repeater 104 for the newly detected power state (e.g., the L1 state). On the other hand, the bus voltage not exceeding the threshold indicates that there is no power state change, and the power state change detection circuit 108 does not change its termination resistors. Thus, the power state change detection circuit 108 in the serial bus repeater 104 reconfigures its termination resistors when two conditions are determined to be true: (1) a series of packets indicating a power state change has been detected, and (2) the differential link voltage exceeds the threshold.

[0026] 2 shows a serial bus repeater 104 coupled between a host 102 and a peripheral device 106. In some examples, the serial bus repeater 104 includes isolation 107 (such as a transformer, capacitive isolation, or any other type of galvanic isolation) to isolate the voltage (and possibly ground) on the host side of the serial bus repeater 104 from the voltage (and possibly ground) on the peripheral device side of the serial bus repeater 104. The link 103 between the host 102 and the serial bus repeater 104 includes a P data line and an M data line. The host 102 includes a Data Plus (DP) terminal and a Data Minus (DM) terminal. The peripheral device 106 has a pair of correspondingly named data terminals (DP and DM). The serial bus repeater 104 has two pairs of differential data terminals, one pair (UDP and UDM) for connection to the DP and DM terminals, respectively, of a host via link 103, and the other pair (DDP and DDM) for connection to the DP and DM terminals, respectively, of a peripheral device via link 105.

[0027] In accordance with the USB standard, a USB-compliant device (such as host 102 and peripheral device 106) configures its termination resistors for its data plus and data minus interfaces depending on the power state of the device. Figure 2 illustrates the configuration of termination resistors in host 102, serial bus repeater 104, and peripheral device 106 for a USB Hi-Speed ​​L0 state (ON). For the L0 state, host 102 couples resistor RH1 between its DP conductor and signal ground 101, and couples resistor RH2 between its DM conductor and signal ground 101. Similarly, peripheral device 106 couples resistor RP1 between its DP conductor and signal ground 111, and couples resistor RP2 between its DM conductor and signal ground 111. In some examples, signal ground 101 may be the same as signal ground 111 or may be different. The serial bus repeater 104 mirrors the termination resistor configuration of the host 102 to the peripheral device 106 and mirrors the termination resistor configuration of the peripheral device 106 to the host 102. Thus, the serial bus repeater 104 couples a resistor RR1 between the UDP and ground 101 and a resistor RR2 between the UDM and ground 101. The serial bus repeater 104 also couples a resistor RR3 between the DDP and ground 111 and a resistor RR4 between the DDM and ground 111. The termination resistors in the host 102, serial bus repeater 104, and peripheral device 106 may be coupled to the terminals and ground as shown by solid state switches, examples of which are shown in FIG. 6 and described below. In this example, serial bus repeater 104 electrically isolates host 102 from peripheral device 106 (by isolation 107), and host 102 has a ground 101 that is not electrically connected to the ground 111 of peripheral device 106. Serial bus repeater 104 includes both ground 101 and ground 111 as shown. While in the USB Hi-Speed ​​L0 state (on), the termination resistors are all pull-down resistors (coupled between their respective data lines and ground) and, in at least one example, have a low resistance value (e.g., approximately 45 ohms, as indicated by the resistance values ​​in parentheses).

[0028] In accordance with the USB standard and as described above, to initiate a power state change from L0 to L1 for a high-speed link (a device operating in HS mode), a series of three packets are exchanged between the host 102 and the peripheral device 106. The host 102 sends two token packets (a token packet and an extended token packet), and upon receiving the token packets, the peripheral device 106 sends a handshake packet back to the host 102 to accept or reject the power state transition. Once the host 102 and the peripheral device 106 have completed the packet exchange, the host 102, the serial bus repeater 104, and the peripheral device 106 change their termination resistors from the configuration shown in Figure 2 to the configuration shown in Figure 3. In Figure 3, the pull-down resistors RH1 and RH2 in the host 102 for the L0 state are replaced with pull-down resistors RH3 and RH4 each having a higher resistance value (e.g., about 15 kilohm resistors instead of about 45 ohm resistors as in Figure 2). In peripheral device 106, the DM terminal is left open (no termination resistor) and the DP terminal is coupled to VDD by resistor RP3 (e.g., about 1.5 kOhm). Serial bus repeater 104 implements similar termination resistors: resistor RR5 (e.g., about 1.5 kOhm) coupled between UDP on the host side of the repeater (UDM is left open), and pull-down resistors RR6 and RR7 (both about 15 kOhm resistors) on the device side of the repeater.

[0029] All references herein to a termination "resistor" include a single resistor having a given resistance, or a combination of resistors having an equivalent resistance equal to the given resistance. For example, a 45 ohm resistor may be implemented as a single 45 ohm resistor, a pair of 90 ohm resistors coupled in parallel, or any other series and / or parallel resistor combination that equals the desired termination resistance.

[0030] The serial bus repeater 104 in this embodiment does not decode packets, but passes signals back and forth (providing signal conditioning) between the host 102 and the peripheral device 106. Thus, the termination resistors for the serial bus repeater remain in the L0 configuration until the serial bus repeater 104 is able to determine that a state change from L0 to L1 has occurred. This interim configuration is shown in Figure 4, where the host 102 and peripheral device 106 have reconfigured their termination resistors for the L1 state, but the termination resistors of the serial bus repeater 104 remain the pull-down resistors RR1-RR4 (e.g., 45 ohms) that were implemented in the high-speed L0 state (Figure 2).

[0031] In the L0 state (FIG. 2), when the termination resistors are coupled between their respective data lines and ground and no active data is being transmitted between the host 102 and the peripheral device 106, the voltage difference V1 between the plus and minus data lines of the link 105 is approximately 0V. Similarly, the voltage difference between the plus and minus data lines of the link 103 is also approximately 0V. However, when the termination resistors of the repeater 104 are in the L0 configuration and the termination resistors of the peripheral device 106 are in the L1 state (the interim state of FIG. 4), the magnitude of the voltage V1 between the plus and minus data lines of the link 105 is greater than the magnitude of V1 when both the termination resistors of the repeater and the termination resistors of the device are in the L0 state (FIG. 2). With the termination resistors in the configuration of FIG. 4, the voltage on the DDM with respect to ground 111 is 0V. Resistors RP3 and RR3 form a voltage divider between VDD and ground 111, so that the voltage on the DDP with respect to ground 111 is VDD×RR3 / (RR3+RP3). If VDD is, for example, 3.3V, the resistance of RP3 is equal to 1.5kOhms, and the resistance of RR3 is equal to 45Ohms, the voltage on the DDP with respect to ground 111 is 3.3×45 / (45+1500), which is equal to approximately 96mV. Therefore, when the serial bus system 100 is in the L0 state (FIG. 2), V1 is equal to 0V, but when the serial bus system 100 is in the interim state of FIG. 4, V1 is equal to approximately 96mV. As will be described below, the power state change detection circuit 108 monitors the voltage V1 on the link 105 between the serial bus repeater 104 and the peripheral device 106. Following a determination of a potential power state change based on detecting that the duration of a sequence of packets between the host 102 and the peripheral device 106 matches the duration of the token packet, extended token packet, and handshake packet, the power state change detection circuit 108 validates the power state change using the magnitude of voltage V1, i.e., 0V indicates the absence of a power state change and a voltage of approximately 96 mV indicates the presence of a power state change.

[0032] As described above, the power state change detection circuit 108 of the serial bus repeater measures the duration of each packet passing through the repeater. Each packet in a sequence of packets corresponding to the host 102 initiating a power state change from L0 to L1 will have a particular duration that is a function of the length (e.g., number of bytes) of the respective packet. FIG. 5 illustrates an example of packet timing 500 for a power state transaction on a serial bus. In FIG. 5, the power state transaction includes packets 502, 504, and 506. Packet 502 is a token packet sent by the host 102, packet 504 is an extended token packet sent by the host 102, and packet 506 is a handshake packet sent by the peripheral device 106 in response to receiving packets 502 and 504. Packets 502 and 504 are of equal length (e.g., each 3 bytes long), and packet 506 is 1 byte long, as provided by the USB 2.0 standard and its LPM addendum. The power state change detection circuit 108 measures the duration of each of packets 502, 504, and 506, as well as the duration of all other packets received by the serial bus repeater 104. Upon detecting three back-to-back packets having durations matching the expected durations of a token packet, an extended token packet, and an acknowledgment packet, the power state change detection circuit 108 asserts a signal indicating that a possible L0 to L1 power state change is occurring. This signal causes termination resistors in the serial bus repeater 104 to be reconfigured for the newly detected (e.g., L1) power state.

[0033] However, other packets may have similar durations as the token packet 502, the extended token packet 504, and the handshake packet 506, and therefore there is a risk of false positives. For this reason, the power state change detection circuit 108 determines whether the voltage V1 between the positive and negative conductors of the link 105 (at the peripheral device 106 side of the serial bus repeater 104) exceeds a threshold voltage state of V1 as shown in FIG. 4. Such a threshold voltage may be set to a voltage higher than 0V but lower than the expected level of V1 in the system in the tentative state of FIG. 4. When the system is in the tentative state of FIG. 4, the voltage V1 may be, for example, between 70mV and 195mV, depending on the exact resistance values ​​of the resistors RR3 and RP3 and the voltage level of VDD. In one example, the threshold voltage is set to 50mV. If the voltage V1 is determined to be below the threshold, the power state change detection circuit 108 determines that a power state change has not occurred (the sequence of three packets was not a packet corresponding to a power state change from L0 to L1) and the termination resistors for the repeater are not changed (and therefore remain at the L0 configuration and values ​​shown in FIG. 2). However, the voltage V1 exceeding the threshold is confirmation of a power state change, and the power state change detection circuit 108 asserts a control signal to cause a change in the termination resistors for the repeater 104 from those shown in FIG. 4 to those shown in FIG. 3.

[0034] FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing one possible implementation of a serial bus repeater 104 including an "A" portion and a "B" portion. The A portion includes a first port, Port 1, having a positive (P) terminal and a negative (M) terminal. Similarly, the B portion includes a second port, Port 2, having a P terminal and an M terminal. The A portion includes a power state change detection circuit A 611, a receiver A 612, a squelch A circuit 613, a transmitter A 614 (the letter "A" indicates that these are components of the A portion of the repeater), and a finite state machine (FSM) 635. Similarly, the B portion includes a power state change detection circuit B 621, a receiver B 622, a squelch B circuit 623, a transmitter B 624, and an FSM 645. Thus, the serial bus repeater has a symmetrical architecture that allows any of its P / M data terminal pairs to be connected to either a host device or a peripheral device via a cable. Part A can be connected to a host and part B can be connected to a peripheral device, or part B can be connected to a host and part A can be connected to a peripheral device. The insulation 107 mentioned above is shown in dashed outline.

[0035] Each section A and B has a termination resistor network. Section A has a termination resistor network A 691. Section B has a termination resistor network B 692. Termination resistor network A 691 includes resistors R61A-R65A (example resistors are listed in parentheses). Each resistor is coupled to a switch. Switch SW61A and resistor R61A are coupled in series between the supply voltage VDD of the A section and the P terminal. When switch SW61A is closed (on), resistor R61A is electrically a pull-up resistor on the P line. Resistor R64A and switch SW64A are coupled in series between the P line and ground 101, and therefore can be configured as a pull-down resistor when switch SW64A is closed. Resistor R62A and switch SW62A are coupled in series between the P terminal and ground 101. Resistor R63A and switch SW63A are coupled in series between the M terminal and ground 101. Similarly, a resistor R65A and a switch SW65A are coupled in series between the M terminal and ground 101.

[0036] Termination resistor network B 692 of repeater 104 includes a similar set of termination resistors and switches (compared to termination resistor network A 691), with example resistors listed in parentheses. Switch SW61B and resistor R61B are coupled in series between supply voltage VCC (which is isolated from VDD) and the P terminal of the B section. Resistor R64B and switch SW64B are coupled in series between the P terminal of the B section and ground 111. Resistor R62B and switch SW62B are coupled in series between the P terminal of the B section and ground 111. Resistor R63B and switch SW63B are coupled in series between the M terminal of the B section and ground 111. Similarly, resistor R65B and switch SW65B are coupled in series between the M terminal and ground 111.

[0037] The FSMs control the configuration of each of the termination resistor networks A and B. Within section A, the on and off states of switches SW61A-SW65A in termination resistor network A are controlled by FSM A 635. Within section B, the on and off states of switches SW61B-SW65B in termination resistor network B are controlled by FSM B 645. Although two power state change detection circuits are shown, in the example shown in FIG. 6, only one of the power state change detection circuits is enabled at any one time. For example, each FSM samples the differential voltage on its respective link (FSM A 635 samples link 103, and FSM B 645 samples link 105) to determine which port is connected to a host (the differential voltage on the link to the host is different from the differential voltage on the link to the peripheral device). An FSM that detects the presence of a host for that link disables its respective power state change detection circuit, and an FSM that does not detect the presence of a host enables its respective power state change detection circuit. The power state change detection circuit that is enabled is in the portion A or B opposite the portion to which the host 102 is coupled. For example, if the host 102 is coupled to the A portion, the power state change detection circuit A 611 is disabled and the power state change detection circuit B 621 is enabled. However, if the host 102 and the peripheral device 106 are swapped from those shown in FIG. 6 (the host 102 is coupled to the B portion), the power state change detection circuit A 611 is enabled and the power state change detection circuit B 621 is disabled. When enabled, a given power state change detection circuit generates an L1 detect signal in response to detecting whether the host and peripheral devices are configured for the L0 state or the L1 state, as described below. The L1 detect signal from the power state change detection circuit 611 is referred to as L1_DET_OUT_A and the L1 detect signal from the power state change detection circuit B 621 is referred to as L1_DET_OUT_B. Both FSM A and FSM B receive the L1 detect signal from the enabled power state change detection circuit and configure their respective termination resistor networks according to the detected power state (L0 or L1).

[0038] In the example of FIG. 6, the host 102 is connected to port 1 of the A section of the repeater 104, and the peripheral device 106 is connected to port 2 of the B section. When the peripheral device 106 is connected to the B section, the power state change detection circuit B 621 of the B section detects the occurrence of a power state change (e.g., from L0 to L1) and responds to the detected power state change by asserting its L1_DET_OUT_B signal (e.g., logic high) to FSM A and FSM B to control the switches of the respective termination resistors to configure the termination resistor network of the repeater for a termination resistor compliant with the newly detected power state. Therefore, the following description focuses on the functions performed by the power state change detection B circuit 621. However, if the host 102 and the peripheral device 106 were connected to opposite sections of the repeater 104, the power state change detection A circuit 611 would perform the same functions.

[0039] When the host 102 sends a packet to the peripheral device 106, the packet is received by the repeater's receiver RX A 612. The receiver RX A 612 includes an equalizer, an amplifier, and a differential-to-serial converter, and outputs a differential signal 627 to the transmitter TX B 624. The transmitter TX B 624 includes an amplifier and a pre-emphasizer, and forwards the amplified differential signal to the peripheral device 106 via the link 105. Similarly, a packet from the peripheral device 106 to the host 102 is received by the receiver RX B 622 and processed in much the same manner as for the receiver RX A 612, with the output of the receiver RX B 622 being provided to the transmitter TX A 614 as a differential signal 637, which is forwarded by the transmitter TX A 614 to the host 102.

[0040] Receiver RX A 612 also generates a single-ended output signal RX_D2S_OUTA derived from the received differential signal on link 103. Signal RX_D2S_OUTA is the same as the differential signal on link 103, but in single-ended form. The single-ended output signal RX_D2S_OUTA is referenced to ground 101. The output signal RX_D2S_OUTA is provided to a power state change detection A circuit 611. Similarly, receiver RX B 622 generates a single-ended output signal RX_D2S_OUTB derived from the received differential signal on link 105 and referenced to ground 111. The output signal RX_D2S_OUTB is provided to a power state change detection B circuit 621.

[0041] In one embodiment, each of the squelch A circuit 613 and the squelch B circuit 623 includes an envelope detector that generates a squelch signal (HSSQ) on its output in response to the magnitude of the detected envelope on its input exceeding a predetermined voltage. Each squelch circuit includes, for example, a differential comparator, a level shifter, and a filter. The output signal from the squelch A circuit 613 is HSSQA, and the output signal from the squelch B circuit 623 is HSSQB. In one example, the HSSQA signal is asserted low (e.g., logic "0") by the squelch A circuit 613 in response to detecting that the envelope on its input (port 1) exceeds a threshold (e.g., 0.5V), and is forced high (e.g., logic "1") by the squelch A circuit 613 otherwise (when no signal is detected). Similarly, the HSSQB signal is asserted low (e.g., logic "0") by the Squelch B circuit 623 in response to detecting that the envelope on its input (Port 2) exceeds a threshold, and is otherwise forced high (e.g., logic "1") by the Squelch B circuit 623. The HSSQA signal from the Squelch A circuit 613 is provided to the Power State Change Detection A circuit 611, and the HSSQB signal from the Squelch B circuit 623 is provided to the Power State Change Detection B circuit 621.

[0042] Each squelch circuit also generates a transmitter enable signal to enable the transmitter on the opposite side when it detects an incoming signal (e.g., the envelope of the incoming signal exceeds a threshold). The squelch A circuit 613 generates a signal TX_EN_A that is coupled to the transmitter TX B 624 and the power state change detection circuit B 621. The squelch B circuit 623 generates a signal TX_EN_B that is coupled to the transmitter TX A 614 and the power state change detection circuit A 611.

[0043] The power state change detector A 611 is coupled to the P and M lines of the link 103. The power state change detector A 611 also receives control signals, namely, HSSQA from the squelch A circuit 613, RX_D2S_OUTA from the receiver RX A 612, and a transmitter enable signal TX_EN_B from the squelch B circuit 623. The power state change detector B 621 is coupled to the P and M lines of the link 105, and receives a control signal HSSQB from the squelch B circuit 623, a control signal RX_D2S_OUTB from the receiver RX B 622, and a transmitter enable signal TX_EN_A from the squelch A circuit 613.

[0044] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an example implementation of a power state change detection circuit 710. Either or both of the power state change detection A circuit 611 and the power state change detection B circuit 621 can be implemented using the circuitry shown in FIG. The example power state change detection circuit 710 includes a power state transaction identification circuit 720, a logic circuit 730, and a comparator 760. The power state transaction identification circuit 720 includes a packet timer 722 that is coupled to a packet sequence identification circuit 724. An input of the packet timer 722 is coupled to a differential link 725 (e.g., link 105 (port 2) in the case of the power state change detection B circuit 621, or link 103 (port 1) in the case of the power state change detection A circuit 611).

[0045] Comparator 760 may be implemented as an operational amplifier in an open loop configuration and has a non-inverting (positive, +) input and an inverting (negative, -) input. The positive input of comparator 760 is coupled to the P line of differential link 725, and the negative input of comparator 760 is coupled to the M line of differential link 725. Comparator 760 has an enable input (EN) that receives output signal COMP_EN from logic circuit 730. When comparator 760 is enabled (e.g., by a logic high level of signal COMP_EN), it generates an output signal L1_DET_OUT that indicates whether the voltage on the positive input of comparator 760 is greater than or less than the voltage on the negative input. The comparator 760 is configured according to a threshold voltage level (e.g., the offset of the comparator 760 corresponds to the threshold voltage mentioned above), meaning that in response to the voltage on the positive input being greater than the voltage on the negative input by more than the threshold voltage, the comparator 760 asserts the output signal L1_DET_OUT to a logic high. In response to the voltage on the positive input not being greater than the voltage on the negative input by more than the threshold voltage, the comparator 760 asserts the output signal L1_DET_OUT to a logic low. The threshold voltage configured for the comparator 760 is a voltage less than the differential voltage between the P and M lines of the differential link 725 when the system is in the tentative state shown in FIG. 4. In one example, the differential voltage on the link between the repeater 104 and the peripheral device 106 is between 70 mV and 195 mV, and the threshold voltage (e.g., offset) implemented in the comparator 760 is 50 mV.

[0046] In the example of FIG. 7, logic circuit 730 includes inverters 731 and 732, AND gates (or other types of logic gates) 733, 734, and 735, and D flip-flops 736 and 737. An input of inverter 731 receives the HSSQ signal (HSSQA or HSSQB as described above). An input 758 of AND gate 733 is coupled to the output of inverter 731 and therefore receives a logic inverted version of HSSQ. The other input 759 of AND gate 733 receives the signal RX_D2S_OUT. The D input of flip-flop 736 is coupled to a logic high and the Q output of flip-flop 736 is coupled to a D input of flip-flop 737. When reset, the Q outputs of both flip-flops are logic low. An inverted version of the L1_DET_EN signal from power state transaction identification circuit 720 is coupled to the reset (R) inputs of flip-flops 736 and 737. When the L1_DET_EN signal is held low, flip-flops 736 and 737 are reset such that the Q outputs of the flip-flops are logic low. When the L1_DET_EN signal is high (and inverted versions of this signal are provided to the reset inputs of flip-flops 736 and 737) and the flip-flops are clocked twice (e.g., a first clock propagates a logic high signal through flip-flop 736 and a second clock propagates a logic high signal through the second flip-flop 737), the logic high on the D input of flip-flop 736 propagates through the flip-flop to the Q output of flip-flop 737. Logic circuit 730 can also be implemented using other combinations of logic gates and flip-flops.

[0047] The Q output of the flip-flop 737 is coupled to an input of an inverter 732. The output of the inverter 732 is coupled to an input 751 of an AND gate 734. As described below, the power state transaction identification circuit 720 generates a logic high on its output signal L1_DET_EN in response to the power state transaction identification circuit 720 detecting the occurrence of three sequential packets between the host 102 and the peripheral device 106, each having a duration corresponding to the expected duration of a power state transition from the L0 state to the L1 state. The power state transaction identification circuit output signal L1_DET_EN enables the comparator 760 when L1_DET_EN is high and disables the comparator 760 when L1_DET_EN is low. As described below, the logic circuit 730 gates off L1_DET_EN to prevent the comparator 760 from being enabled when signaling is detected on the serial link between the host 102 and the peripheral device 106.

[0048] FIG. 8 is a timing diagram of various signals in FIG. 7. The signals in FIG. 8 include a differential link 105 coupled between a repeater 104 and a peripheral device 106. A token packet 801, an extended token packet 802, and a handshake packet 803 are shown in succession. The host 102 transmits the token packet 801 and the extended token packet 802 to the peripheral device 106, which responds with a handshake packet 803. The squelch B circuit 623 forces the HSSQB signal low when it detects packets 801, 802, and 803, and forces HSSQB high otherwise. For example, HSSQB is high during a period 804 following the end of the handshake packet 803, indicating that the squelch B circuit 623 has not detected any valid signal on the link 105 at that time.

[0049] The packet timer 722 of FIG. 7 measures the duration of each packet received by the serial bus repeater 104. In one example, the packet timer circuit 722 includes a counter that is incremented by a clock signal (CLK) over the interval during which a packet is received by the serial bus repeater 104 to measure the packet duration. If packets 801 and 802 are token packets / extended token packets, packets 801 and 802 are of equal length (e.g., each 3 bytes long). As a handshake packet, packet 803 is 1 byte long as specified by the USB 2.0 standard and its LPM addendum. The packet timer 722 measures the duration of each of packets 801-803 and the duration of all other packets received by the serial bus repeater 104.

[0050] The packet timer 722 provides the packet duration measurements to a packet sequence identification circuit 724. The packet sequence identification circuit 724 examines the packet duration measurements to determine a timing signature of a series of sequential packets indicative of a power state transaction. The packet sequence identification circuit 724 classifies the packet duration measurements as either indicative of a power state transaction or as not indicative of a power state transaction.

[0051] For example, any packet duration that is longer than the predetermined duration of a token packet is not indicative of a power state transaction. If the packet sequence identification circuit 724 receives a first packet duration measurement having a value corresponding to the predetermined duration of a token packet (e.g., packet 801), the packet sequence identification circuit 724 then checks the packet duration of the immediately following packet. If a subsequent packet duration value received immediately after the first packet duration value also has a value corresponding to the predetermined duration of an extended token packet (e.g., packet 802), the identification of the packet state transaction continues. On the other hand, if the second packet duration value does not have a value corresponding to the predetermined duration of a token packet, the series of packets is not a power state transaction and the identification of the power state transaction with the current series of packets is discontinued.

[0052] If the first packet duration value and the second packet duration value have values ​​corresponding to a predetermined duration of a token packet, and if the third packet duration value received immediately after the second packet duration value has a value corresponding to a predetermined duration of a handshake packet (e.g., packet 803), then a possible packet state transaction has been identified and the packet sequence identification circuit 724 activates its output signal L1_DET_EN to the logic circuit 730. Unless gated off by AND gates 734 and / or 754 (described below), when the signal L1_DET_EN is asserted high, the signal COMP_EN is asserted high, thereby enabling the comparator 760. If the third packet duration value does not have a value corresponding to a handshake packet, then the series of packets is not a power state transaction, and the identification of a power state transaction with the current series of packets is aborted. In FIG. 8, the activation of the L1_DET_EN signal begins with a rising edge 805. The packet sequence identification circuit 724 asserts L1_DET_EN high after a duration of 806 following the end of the handshake packet 803 to ensure that no other packets are communicated between the host and the peripheral device before the repeater configures its termination resistor for the L1 state. The duration 806 is shorter than the retry period specified by the USB standard. The retry period is the period of time during which the host may retry the token packet if it does not receive an acknowledgment from the peripheral device confirming entry into the L1 state. The USB standard includes a retry period of 8-10 microseconds, after which the host and peripheral devices reconfigure their respective termination resistors. The duration 806 is long enough to allow the repeater to detect any packets on the link (which should not be present if the host and peripheral devices are entering the L1 state), but short enough to ensure that the repeater's comparator 760 is enabled before the time 815 at which the peripheral device 106 changes its termination resistor, as shown in FIG. 4. In one example, the duration 806 is about 5 microseconds.

[0053] When signal L1_DET_EN is asserted high, signal COMP_EN is asserted high and comparator 760 is enabled, unless either or both of inputs 751 of AND gate 734 or inputs 754 of AND gate 735, respectively, are low. In response to a data signal detected on link 103 or 105, logic circuit 730 prevents the COMP_EN signal from enabling comparator 760, even if L1_DET_EN is high. Thus, logic circuit 730 functions to "gate off" the L1_DET_EN signal when a data signal is detected on link 103 or 105 to avoid enabling comparator 760.

[0054] The Transmit TX_EN signal coupled to input 754 of AND gate 735 in power state change detection B circuit 621 of B section is a transmit enable signal generated by squelch A circuit 613 in A section of repeater 104. The Transmit TX_EN signal is high when squelch A circuit 613 does not detect a data signal on link 103 and is low when squelch A circuit 613 detects a data signal on link 103. Detection of a data signal on link 103 indicates to peripheral device 106 that host 102 is attempting to transmit a data packet. The signal TX_EN is low when power state transaction identification circuit 720 identifies a sequence of packets (e.g., packets 801-803) potentially indicating a power state transition that power state transaction identification circuit 720 misidentifies as being for a power state transition. Thus, comparator 760 should not be enabled. In response to the transmit TX_EN signal being low, AND gate 735 forces COMP_EN to remain low, thereby preventing comparator 760 from being enabled.

[0055] It is also possible that the peripheral device 106 attempts to send a packet to the host 102 when the packet state transaction identification circuit 720 asserts L1_DET_EN high. The peripheral device 106 sends a packet when the power state transaction identification circuit 720 otherwise identifies a sequence of packets (e.g., packets 801-803) potentially indicating a power state transition meaning that the power state transaction identification circuit 720 misdetermines that the sequence of packets is for a power state transition. To detect this condition, the logic circuit 730 uses the HSSQ signal and the RX_D2S_OUT signal. The RX_D2S_OUT signal toggles for every bit transition in the serial bus data. For the power state change detection B circuit 621 of the B part, the RX B receiver 622 of the B part toggles the RX_D2S_OUT signal (RX_D2S_OUTB) in response to detecting a bit change in the serial bus data received from the peripheral device 106 over the link 105.

[0056] Reference numeral 807 in FIG. 8 indicates that RX_D2S_OUT toggles in response to the peripheral device 106 transmitting handshake packet 803 back to the host 102. In FIG. 8, RX_D2S_OUT is logic low after the end of handshake packet 803 (identified by time portion 808). The RX_D2S_OUT signal being logic low during this time portion indicates that the peripheral device 106 is not transmitting packets to the host 102 via the repeater 104. Because RD_D2S_OUT is low during this period, AND gate 733 outputs a logic low to the clock inputs of flip-flops 736 and 737. If their clocks are held low, flip-flops 736 and 737 will not clock and therefore their Q outputs will remain logic low (the Q outputs were / are low due to the reset signal L1_DET_EN being low during packets 801-803). However, when the peripheral device 106 transmits a packet through the repeater 104, the squelch B circuit 623 of the B part asserts HSSQB (HSSQ in FIG. 8) to a logic low, which, through inverter 731, causes a logic high on the input 758 of AND gate 733. Also, each time RX_D2S_OUT transitions between high and low logic levels, the output of AND gate 733 transitions between high and low logic levels, thereby clocking flip-flops 736 and 737. When the flip-flop is first clocked, a logic high is clocked through flip-flop 736 (due to a logic high signal being applied to the D input of flip-flop 736) to the D input of flip-flop 737. Subsequent clocking of the flip-flop (due to another logic level change in the serial data on link 105) causes the Q output of flip-flop 737 to go to a logic high. The logic high signal from the Q output of flip-flop 737 is inverted to a logic low by inverter 732, thus providing a logic low to input 751 of AND gate 734, thereby forcing COMP_EN to remain low and keeping comparator 760 in a disabled state.

[0057] In response to L1_DET_EN being asserted high on rising edge 805, COMP_EN is asserted high on rising edge 809. If data is then communicated over link 725 with comparator 760 enabled, the comparator output will also toggle, resulting in false entry into the L1 state. FSMs 635 and 645 include debounce logic to determine whether the asserted L1_DET_EN signal remains high for a threshold time period (e.g., about 1 microsecond) long enough to ensure that the host and peripheral devices have transitioned to the L1 state. The debounce logic eliminates false L1 detections due to data toggling or noise on the link. In one example, the debounce logic in each FSM includes a timer that counts clock pulses to ensure that the L1_DET_EN signal remains high for at least a predetermined number of clock pulses (e.g., 1 microsecond).

[0058] When comparator 760 is enabled, if the differential voltage between the P and M data lines of link 725 is greater than the comparator threshold (e.g., about 50 mV), which indicates that the termination resistors in device 106 are configured for the L1 state as described above, comparator 760 asserts its output signal L1_DET_OUT to a logic high level. With L1_DET_OUT logic high, power state change detection B circuit 621 asserts the control signals to switches SW61A-SW65A and SW61B-SW65B to a state that configures the termination resistors of repeater 104 as shown in Figure 3. Thus, switches SW61A, SW64B, and SW65B are closed and switches SW62A-SW65A and SW61B-SW63B are open. In this configuration, resistor R61A (e.g., about 1.5 kilohms) is electrically coupled between the P line of link 103 and VDD, the M line of link 103 is left floating, and the P and M lines of link 105 are electrically coupled to ground 111 by, for example, about 15 kilohms resistors.

[0059] However, if the differential voltage between the P and M lines of link 725 is below the threshold, indicating that the termination resistors in device 106 are still configured for the L0 state (no transition between the L0 and L1 states has occurred), comparator 760 asserts its output signal L1_DET_OUT to a logic low level. With L1_DET_OUT at logic low, power state change detection B circuit 621 asserts control signals to switches SW61A-SW65A and SW61B-SW65B to a state (L0 state) that configures (or keeps unchanged) the termination resistors of repeater 104 as shown in FIG. 2. Thus, switches SW62A, SW63A, SW62B, SW63B are closed (or remain closed), and switches SW61A, SW64A, SW65A, SW61B, SW64B, and SW65B are opened (or remain open). In this configuration, all of the P and M lines on links 103 and 105 have 45 ohm pull-down resistors to ground.

[0060] 9 is a flow chart illustrating an example method 900 according to a described embodiment. At 902, the method includes determining a signature of one or more packets. As described herein, determining the signature includes determining the duration of each packet passing through the serial bus repeater 104 (e.g., by packet timer 722). At 904, the method includes determining whether the signature matches the expected duration of the token packet, extended token packet, and handshake packet. If the sequence of three packets does not have a duration signature that matches the duration signature of the power state transition, control loops back to step 902 where the next repeated set of three packets is checked for a match with a power state transition.

[0061] If the signature matches the expected duration of the three packets (token packet, extended token packet, and handshake packet) that make up the power state transition 904, the method includes enabling a comparator (e.g., comparator 760) at 906. As mentioned above, the comparator may not be enabled due to sensed data on either or both of links 103 and 105 even if the signature matches the power state change sequence of packets.

[0062] At 908, the method includes determining whether the differential bus voltage on the link 105 between the repeater 104 and the device 106 is greater than a threshold (e.g., 50 mV). If the differential bus voltage is not greater than the threshold, control loops back to step 902, thus not changing the termination resistors in the serial bus repeater 104. However, if the differential bus voltage is greater than the threshold, at step 910, the method includes the serial bus repeater 104 reconfiguring its termination resistors for the newly detected power state (e.g., sleep).

[0063] In this description, the term "couple" may encompass a connection, communication, or signal path that enables a functional relationship consistent with this description. For example, if device A generates a signal to control device B to perform an action, (a) in a first example, device A is coupled to device B by a direct connection, or (b) in a second example, device A is coupled to device B via an intervening component C, where intervening component C does not change the functional relationship between device A and device B, such that device B is controlled by device A via a control signal generated by device A.

[0064] A device that is "configured to" perform a certain task or function may be configured (e.g., programmed and / or hardwired) at the time of manufacture by a manufacturer to perform that function and / or may be configurable (or reconfigurable) by a user after manufacture to perform that function and / or other additional or alternative functions. Such configuration may be accomplished through the device's firmware and / or software programming, through the construction and / or layout of the device's hardware components and interconnections, or a combination thereof.

[0065] As used herein, the terms "terminal," "node," "interconnect," "pin," and "lead" are used interchangeably. Unless specifically stated to the contrary, such terms are used generally to mean an interconnection between or a termination of a device element, circuit element, integrated circuit, device, or other electronic or semiconductor component.

[0066] A circuit or device described herein as including particular components may instead be adapted to be coupled to such components to form the described circuit element or device. For example, a structure described as including one or more semiconductor elements (such as transistors), one or more passive elements (such as resistors, capacitors, and / or inductors), and / or one or more sources (such as voltage and / or current sources) may instead include only semiconductor elements within a single physical device (e.g., a semiconductor die and / or integrated circuit (IC) package) and may be adapted to be coupled to at least some of such passive elements and / or sources, either during or after manufacture, e.g., by an end user and / or a third party, to form the described structure.

[0067] The circuits described herein are reconfigurable to include a replaced component to provide at least partially similar functionality to that available prior to replacing the component. A component shown as a resistor generally represents any one or more elements coupled in series and / or parallel to provide the amount of impedance represented by the resistor shown, unless otherwise noted. For example, a resistor or capacitor shown and described herein as a single component may instead be multiple resistors or capacitors, respectively, coupled in parallel between the same nodes. For example, a resistor or capacitor shown and described herein as a single component may instead be multiple resistors or capacitors, respectively, coupled in series between the same two nodes as the single resistor or capacitor.

[0068] Use of the term "ground" in the preceding description includes chassis ground, earth ground, floating ground, virtual ground, digital ground, common ground, and / or any other form of ground connection applicable or suitable to the teachings of the present description. Unless otherwise stated, "about," "approximately," or "substantially" preceding a value means + / - 10 percent of the stated value. Modifications in the described examples are possible, and other examples are possible, within the scope of the claims.

[0069] Modifications in the described embodiments are possible, and other embodiments are possible, within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A bus repeater, comprising: A first bus port adapted to be coupled to a first device; A second bus port adapted to be coupled to a second device; A first terminator resistor network coupled to the first bus port; A second terminator resistor network coupled to the second bus port; A first power state change detection circuit including a comparator having a first input coupled to the second bus port, a second input coupled to the second bus port, an enable input, and an output, Detecting the power state change, which is a power state change initiated by the first device and includes a determination by the comparator that a voltage on the second bus port exceeds a threshold; Causing a change in the configuration of at least one of the first terminator resistor network or the second terminator resistor network in response to the detection of the power state change; The first power state change detection circuit configured as such; A bus repeater including the same.

2. The bus repeater according to claim 1, wherein the second bus port is a differential bus port including a first conductor and a second conductor; The bus repeater further including a power state transaction identification circuit having an input coupled to the first bus port and configured to measure a duration of each packet on the first bus port, the first power state change detection circuit being the power state transaction identification circuit.

3. The bus repeater according to claim 2, wherein the power state transaction identification circuit includes a packet sequence identifier having an output and a timer coupled to the packet sequence identifier; A bus repeater configured such that the timer measures the duration of each packet and provides a value indicating the duration to the packet sequence identifier. **Claim 4** The bus repeater according to claim 3, wherein the first power state change detection circuit further includes a logic circuit having a first input coupled to the output of the packet sequence identifier and an output coupled to the enable input of the comparator. **Claim 5** The bus repeater according to claim 4, wherein the logic circuit includes a first flip-flop having an input and an output, a second flip-flop having an input coupled to the output of the first flip-flop and an output, and a logic gate having a first input as the first input of the logic circuit, a second input coupled to the output of the second flip-flop, and an output coupled to the enable input of the comparator. **Claim 6** The bus repeater according to claim 4, a sketch circuit having a sketch circuit output coupled to the logic circuit, the sketch circuit being configured to generate a sketch circuit output signal in response to the magnitude of the envelope of the voltage on the second bus port exceeding a threshold, a receiver having a receiver output coupled to the logic circuit, the receiver being configured to generate a receiver output signal on the receiver output in response to the detection of a signal on the second bus port, further comprising wherein the logic circuit is configured to generate a signal that invalidates the comparator in response to both the sketch circuit output signal exceeding the threshold and the output signal of the receiver indicating a signal on the second bus port. **Claim 7** The bus repeater according to claim 1, the first power state change detection circuit, a first logic gate having a first input, a second input, and an output coupled to the enable input of the comparator; a timer coupled to the first bus port and having an output, the timer being configured to determine the duration of a packet on the first bus port and generate a value indicative of the duration on the output of the timer; a packet sequence identification circuit having an input coupled to the output of the timer and an output coupled to the first input of the first logic gate; A bus repeater further comprising:

8. The bus repeater according to claim 7, wherein the first power state change detection circuit further includes a flip-flop having an output coupled to the second input of the first logic gate.

9. The bus repeater according to claim 1, a second power state change detection circuit configured to detect a power state change initiated by the second device coupled to the second bus port, the detection of the power state change by the second power state change detection circuit including measuring the voltage on the first bus port, the bus repeater further comprising the second power state change detection circuit.

10. The bus repeater according to claim 1, further including a finite state machine, wherein the first power state change detection circuit is further configured to assert a detection signal to the finite state machine, and the finite state machine is configured to respond to the asserted detection signal by changing the configuration of at least one of the first termination resistor network or the second termination resistor network.

11. A circuit adapted to be included in a repeater having a termination resistor, A power state transaction identification circuit having a first input adapted to be coupled to a first bus link, measuring the duration of a packet on the first bus link, asserting a detection enable signal in response to the duration of a sequence of packets corresponding to a predetermined time value, the power state transaction identification circuit configured as such; a comparator having an inverting input, a non-inverting input, and an enable input adapted to be coupled to a second bus link; logic coupled between the power state transaction identification circuit and the enable input, the logic configured to assert an enable signal to the enable input in response to the assertion of the detection enable signal; comprising; the comparator configured to output a signal indicating a power state change in response to the differential voltage applied on the inverting input and the non-inverting input being greater than a threshold value in response to the assertion of the enable signal, the signal being operable to cause a change in the configuration of the termination resistor. **Claim 12** The circuit according to claim 11, wherein the power state transaction identification circuit includes a timer and a packet sequence identifier coupled to the timer, the timer measuring the duration of a packet on the first bus link and providing a value indicating the duration to the packet sequence identifier. **Claim 13** The circuit according to claim 12, wherein the packet sequence identifier is configured to determine whether the duration of a continuous sequence of packets corresponds to a power state change to a sleep state. **Claim 14** The circuit according to claim 11, wherein the second bus link is a differential bus having a first bus terminal and a second bus terminal, A circuit in which the comparator is configured to compare the voltage of the first bus terminal with the voltage of the second bus terminal. **Claim 15** The circuit according to claim 11, wherein the logic comprises a first flip-flop having an input and an output, a second flip-flop having an input coupled to the output of the first flip-flop and an output, and a logic gate having a first input, a second input coupled to the output of the second flip-flop, and an output coupled to the enable input of the comparator. A circuit comprising the above. **Claim 16** The circuit according to claim 15, wherein the logic gate is an AND gate. **Claim 17** A method of operating a repeater coupled to a first device via a first differential link and to a second device via a second differential link, comprising: determining a timing signature of a packet communicated between the first device and the second device; determining that the timing signature matches a predetermined signature corresponding to a power state transition to a sleep state for the first device and the second device; enabling a comparator having an input adapted to be coupled to the second differential link and an output in response to determining that the timing signature matches the predetermined signature; determining, by the comparator, that a voltage on the second differential link exceeds a threshold value, and asserting the output of the comparator in response to determining that the voltage on the second differential link exceeds the threshold value; reconfiguring a termination resistor in the repeater for the sleep state in response to asserting the output of the comparator; A method comprising the above. **Claim 18** The method according to claim 17, wherein the first device is a host device and the second device is a peripheral device. **Claim 19** The method according to claim 17, wherein the second differential link is included in a Universal Serial Bus (USB). **Claim 20** The method according to claim 17, further comprising disabling the comparator in response to both determining that the timing signature matches the predetermined signature and detecting a packet on the second differential link.

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