Orally ingestible compositions having plant extracts

Abstract

Provided herein are orally ingestible compositions comprising caffeine and a plant extract composition and methods for providing cognitive function benefits by administration of the orally ingestible compositions.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] This application was filed as a PCT international patent application on June 24, 2022, and claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 215,285, filed June 25, 2021, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

[0002] Described herein are orally ingestible compositions containing plant extract compositions and / or caffeine and their uses to provide cognitive function benefits. [Background technology]

[0003] Certain plant extracts and essential oils have been previously tested to investigate their cognitive enhancing properties, including investigating improvements in cognitive tasks such as memory, attention, accuracy, and speed in completing cognitive tasks.Caffeine has also been shown to increase vigilance in attention tasks and improve overall performance.The cognitive benefits and any synergistic effects resulting from the combination of these two compounds on cognitive task performance have not been previously investigated.Therefore, the present disclosure relates to orally ingestible compositions that combine caffeine and plant extract compositions, as well as methods for providing cognitive benefits to human subjects through administering the compositions disclosed herein. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] The present disclosure relates to orally ingestible compositions containing a plant extract composition. More particularly, in one embodiment of the present invention, (i) at least one water-soluble extract from a plant; and / or (ii) at least one essential oil from the same or a different plant; and / or (iii) caffeine from a source other than (i) and / or (ii); (i) and / or (ii) form a plant extract composition; and Orally ingestible compositions are disclosed having a ratio of total caffeine to plant extract composition of 1:20 to 40:1 by weight (w / w).

[0005] In one embodiment, the essential oil is comprised of terpenes, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, esters, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, phenols, and oxides, derivatives thereof, and / or combinations thereof.

[0006] In embodiments in which the plant extract composition comprises or contains both essential oils and water-soluble extracts, the ratio of essential oil to water-soluble extract is from 1:100 to 1:4.

[0007] In some embodiments, the plant extract composition is derived from a plant of a genus selected from the group including: Salvia, Eucalyptus, Mint, Thymus, Ocimum, Cinnamomum, Eletaria, Amomum, Honeywort, Angelica, Ginger, Pepper, Petroselinum, Coriander, Fennel, Myrtles, Satureia, Camellia, Coffee, Cacao, Ilex, Guarana, Euterpe, Ginkgo, Hibiscus, Mint, Aspalathus, Rose, Moringa, Magnolia, Olive, Sophora, Crocus, Hypericum, Polygonum, Mandarin, Apple, Grape, Cherry, Litchi, Vaccinium, Goji berry, Rubus fragaria, Pomegranate, Currant, Elderberry, Aronia, Fennel, Honeywort, Swiss chard, Turmeric, Soybean, Walnut, Jasmine, Capsicum, and combinations thereof.

[0008] In an embodiment where the plant extract composition is a Salvia extract composition, the Salvia species may be any of the following: Sage (S. officinalis), Spanish sage (S. lavandulifolia), Rosemary (S. rosmarinus) (Rosmarinus officinalis), officinalis), Chia (S. hispanica), Salvia columbariae, Salvia polystachya, Salvia bowleyana, Salvia cavaleriei, Salvia chinensis, Salvia flava, Salvia prionitis, Salvia sonchifolia, Salvia yunnanensis, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Salvia multicaulis and Salvia divinorum.

[0009] In some embodiments, the plant extract composition is selected from a Mentha piperita extract composition, a Eucalyptus globulus extract composition, a Thymus vulgaris plant extract composition, and a Mentha spicata plant extract composition. In some embodiments, the plant extract composition is a Salvia officinalis extract composition. In further embodiments, the plant extract composition is Salvia officinalis and Spanish sage.

[0010] In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides: (i) Caffeine having a total caffeine content between 25 mg and 300 mg; (ii) an orally ingestible composition comprising a plant extract composition comprising at least one water-soluble extract from a plant and / or at least one essential oil from the same or a different plant, The plant extract composition is between 1 mg and 500 mg; The plant extract composition relates to an orally ingestible composition derived from a plant of the genus Salvia. In a further embodiment, the plant extract composition may comprise at least one essential oil and / or at least one water-soluble extract, the essential oil being present in an amount of 1 mg to 25 mg of at least one essential oil. In one embodiment, the plant extract composition comprises at least one water-soluble extract having a total amount of 500 mg or less of rosmarinic acid and / or its derivatives in an amount of 2.5 mg to 100 mg, carnosol, carnosic acid and / or its derivatives in an amount of 0.5 mg to 100 mg, caffeic acid and / or its derivatives in an amount of 2.5 mg to 100 mg, and luteolin and / or its derivatives in an amount of 2.5 mg to 100 mg.

[0011] In a further embodiment, the plant extract composition is a S. officinalis extract composition comprising rosmarinic acid in an amount of about 3.5 mg to 50 mg. In another embodiment, the orally ingestible composition comprises about 150 mg of a plant extract composition, the plant extract composition being a S. officinalis extract composition comprising rosmarinic acid in an amount of about 2.5 mg to 100 mg.

[0012] In some embodiments, the orally ingestible composition is a liquid composition. In some embodiments, the orally ingestible composition is in the form of a beverage. In some embodiments, the orally ingestible composition is in the form of a carbonated beverage. In some embodiments, the orally ingestible composition is in the form of a non-carbonated beverage. In some embodiments, the orally ingestible composition is in the form of a liquid concentrate. In some embodiments, the orally ingestible composition is in the form of a solid composition. In some embodiments, the orally ingestible composition is in the form of a powder, granules, capsule, tablet, compacted or compressed soluble solid form, food additive, or foodstuff.

[0013] In another further embodiment of the present disclosure, provided herein is a method for providing a cognitive benefit to a human subject, comprising orally administering to the subject an orally ingestible composition as described herein. In another aspect, provided herein is a composition disclosed herein for use in providing a cognitive benefit and / or mood or psychological benefit to a human subject. In another aspect, provided herein is a use of an orally ingestible composition as described herein for providing a cognitive benefit to a human subject. In some embodiments, the cognitive benefit is one or more selected from improved performance, improved attention, improved accuracy, improved memory, improved vigilance, improved calmness, reduced stress, and reduced mental fatigue. In some embodiments, the method or use further comprises performing a cognitive function assessment of the subject before and after the subject ingests the orally ingestible composition. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0014] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 depicts the COMPASS cognitive assessment, which is made up of a battery of individual tasks, and illustrates the various composite scores that can be generated from the results of subsets of the battery. [Figure 2A-B] FIG. 2A (speed of performance) and FIG. 2B (accuracy of performance) show the results of cognitive function assessment of subjects orally administered compositions disclosed herein (having various amounts of plant extract composition), compositions containing the same amount of caffeine only, and a placebo composition. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 shows the results of mental fatigue in a cognitive function assessment of subjects orally administered a composition disclosed herein (having various amounts of plant extract composition), a composition containing the same amount of caffeine only, and a placebo composition. [Figure 4A-B] Figures 4A and 4B show the results of cognitive function assessment vigilance in subjects orally administered compositions disclosed herein (with various amounts of plant extract composition), compositions containing the same amount of caffeine only, and placebo compositions. Figure 4A shows the results across all assessments, while Figure 4B shows the results by assessment. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 depicts the results of accuracy of cognitive function assessment performance in a secondary study in which subjects were orally administered compositions disclosed herein having various amounts of caffeine and plant extract compositions, a caffeine-only composition, and a placebo composition. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 depicts the results of attention accuracy of cognitive function assessment of subjects in a secondary study, in which subjects were orally administered compositions disclosed herein having various amounts of caffeine and plant extract compositions, a caffeine-only composition, and a placebo composition. [Figure 7A-B] 7A and 7B depict the results of the Serial 3s and Serial 7s Cognitive Demand Battery task performance of subjects orally administered compositions disclosed herein having varying amounts of caffeine and plant extract compositions, a caffeine-only composition, and a placebo composition. [Figure 8A-B]8A and 8B depict RVIP accuracy and RVIP speed results from the Cognitive Demand Battery task for subjects orally administered compositions disclosed herein having varying amounts of caffeine and plant extract compositions, a caffeine only composition, and a placebo composition. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0015] The present disclosure relates to an orally ingestible composition comprising a plant extract composition and caffeine.As described in more detail below and shown in the examples, the inventor's research and testing surprisingly show that when the plant extract composition described herein and caffeine are combined, a synergistic effect is produced with respect to one or more cognitive benefits and mood benefits.Therefore, the method of using the orally ingestible composition described herein to provide cognitive and / or mood benefits is also disclosed.

[0016] Various embodiments are described below. It should be noted that the specific embodiments are not intended as an exhaustive description or as a limitation on the broader aspects described herein. An aspect described in connection with a specific embodiment is not necessarily limited to that embodiment and can be practiced with any other embodiment.

[0017] Technical and scientific terms used herein have the meanings that are commonly understood by those skilled in the art unless otherwise defined. Various methodologies known to those skilled in the art are referenced herein. Suitable materials and / or methods known to those skilled in the art can be utilized to carry out the present invention based on the guidance provided herein. However, certain materials and methods are described for illustration purposes. Materials, components, and other similar items referred to in the following description and examples are available from commercial suppliers unless otherwise specified.

[0018] As used in this specification, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" refer to both the singular and the plural, unless specifically stated to refer to the singular only.

[0019] The term "about" means that the numbers encompassed are not limited to the exact number recited. As used herein, "about" is understood by those of ordinary skill in the art and will vary to some extent in the context in which it is used. In general, the term "about" is intended to include up to plus or minus 10-20% of the particular term. For example, "about 10" is intended to include 8-12 and all values ​​therebetween. It is to be understood that the recitation of ranges of values ​​herein, unless otherwise expressly stated, is intended to serve as shorthand for each separate value within the range, and each separate value is disclosed as if it were individually set forth herein.

[0020] All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise specified herein or clearly contradicted by context. All examples and illustrative language (including "for example" and "such as") provided herein are intended to further clarify embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0021] composition Embodiments disclosed herein relate to orally ingestible compositions formulated for oral ingestion comprising caffeine and plant extract compositions described herein that are useful, for example, for providing one or more cognitive and / or mood benefits.

[0022] As used herein, the term "plant extract composition" refers to a composition that includes a plant extract, but the term is not limited to plant material that is obtained through an extraction process. The term may further refer to a composition of semi-synthetic or synthetic analogs and / or derivatives of plant extracts that are obtained from synthetic means and not through an extraction process. The plant extract composition may include raw, refined, unrefined, extracted or any other form of plant material or synthetic derivatives thereof, alone or in combination. The plant extract composition may include components obtained by subjecting plant material to any suitable process, such as an extraction process and / or a distillation process. For example, plant material (such as roots, rhizomes, stems, bark, twigs, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds and combinations thereof) may be subjected to a water-soluble extraction process under high temperature, during which volatile components are removed and one or more volatile components are isolated and reintroduced back into the extract to obtain a water-soluble extract. Additionally or alternatively, the botanical material (such as roots, rhizomes, stems, bark, twigs, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, and combinations thereof) may be subjected to an extraction process, such as an organic extraction process or a supercritical fluid extraction process, optionally followed by distillation, to obtain an organic extract, such as an essential oil. The plant extract compositions described and used herein may comprise one or both of (a) at least one essential oil and / or (b) at least one water-soluble extract.

[0023] The orally ingestible compositions disclosed herein may contain caffeine. In some embodiments, the plant extract composition and caffeine are present, and the caffeine is present as a separate caffeine source, which is a source other than the plant extract composition. In other embodiments, the plant extract composition and caffeine are present, but the plant extract composition itself may contain a plant species that has a caffeine content in addition to the caffeine present from the separate source in the orally ingestible composition. Therefore, it is understood that the compositions disclosed herein may contain a "total caffeine" content. In certain embodiments, this total caffeine content refers to the sum of the caffeine present in the plant extract composition and the caffeine present from the separate caffeine source. In other embodiments, where the plant extract composition does not contain a caffeine content, it will be understood that the total caffeine content of the orally ingestible composition is made up entirely of the separate caffeine source. In other embodiments, the total caffeine content may be made up entirely of the caffeine present in the plant extract composition, and no separate caffeine source is included in the orally ingestible composition.

[0024] In one embodiment of the present disclosure: (i) at least one water-soluble extract from a plant; and / or (ii) at least one essential oil from the same or a different plant; and / or (iii) caffeine from a source other than (i) and / or (ii); (i) at least one water-soluble extract and / or (ii) at least one essential oil form a plant extract composition; Orally ingestible compositions are disclosed having a ratio of total caffeine to plant extract composition of 1:20 to 40:1 by weight (w / w).

[0025] In one embodiment of the present invention, the orally ingestible composition comprises a plant extract composition having one or more water-soluble extracts and not containing one or more essential oils.In another embodiment, the plant extract composition may contain one or more essential oils and may not contain one or more water-soluble extracts.In a further embodiment, the plant extract composition comprises both one or more water-soluble extracts and one or more essential oils.

[0026] In one embodiment, the plant extract composition may comprise one or more water soluble extracts and one or more essential oils from the same plant, while in other embodiments it is contemplated that the one or more water soluble extracts and one or more essential oils are from different plants.

[0027] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the plant extract composition can be derived from plants of the genera Salvia, Eucalyptus, Mint, Thymus, Ocimum, Cinnamomum, Eletaria, Amomum, Honeywort, Angelica, Ginger, Pepper, Petroselinum, Coriander, Fennel, Myrtles, Savory, Camellia, Coffee, Cacao, Ilex, Guarana, Euterpe, Ginkgo, Hibiscus, Mint, Aspalathus, Rose, Moringa, Magnolia, Olive, Sophora, Crocus, Hypericum, Polygonum, Mandarin, Apple, Grape, Cherry, Litchi, Vaccinium, Goji berry, Rubus fragaria, Pomegranate, Currant, Elderberry, Aronia, Fennel, Honeywort, Swiss chard, Turmeric, Soybean, Walnut, Jasmine, Capsicum, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the plant extract composition incorporates Salvia species. Salvia species include sage (S. officinalis), Spanish sage (S. lavandulifolia), rosemary (S. rosmarinus) (Rosmarinus officinalis), and the like. officinalis), S. hispanica, S. columbariae, S. polystachya, S. bowleyana, S. cavaleriei, S. chinensis, S. flava, S. prionitis, S. sonchifolia, S. yunnanensis, S. miltiorrhiza, S. multicaulis and S. divinorum, and / or any combination thereof.

[0028] In further embodiments, the plant extract composition can include Eucalyptus species, such as Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus cneorifolia, Eucalyptus dives, Eucalyptus dumosa, Eucalyptus goniocalyx, Eucalyptus horistes, Eucalyptus kochii, Eucalyptus leucoxylon, Eucalyptus largiflorens, Eucalyptus oenothera, Eucalyptus olerace ... The species of Eucalyptus oleosa, Eucalyptus polybractea, Eucalyptus radiata, Eucalyptus rossii, Eucalyptus sideroxylon, Eucalyptus smithii, Eucalyptus staigeriana, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Eucalyptus viridis and / or combinations thereof.

[0029] In other embodiments, the plant extract composition can include Cinnamomum species selected from C. burmanni, C. cassia, C. loureirin, C. zeylanicum, C. camphora, and / or combinations thereof.

[0030] In another embodiment, the plant extract composition can include a mentha species. The mentha species can be selected from the group including Mentha piperita, Mentha spicata, Mentha citrate, and combinations thereof. In a further embodiment, the plant extract composition can include a thymus species. The thymus species can be selected from the group including Thymus vulgaris, T. zygis, T. serpyllum, T. citriodorus, T. praecox, T. pseudolanuginosus, and combinations thereof.

[0031] In another embodiment, the plant extract composition can include Ocimum species selected from the group including Ocimum basilicum, O. citriodorum, O. kilimandscharicum, O. americanum, O. gratissimum, O. tenuiflorum, and combinations thereof.

[0032] In a further embodiment, the plant extract composition may include a Camellia species selected from the group including Camellia sinensis, C. assamica, and combinations thereof.

[0033] In other embodiments, the plant extract composition can include a coffee species selected from the group including Coffea arabica, C. canephora, C. eugenioides, and combinations thereof.

[0034] In one embodiment, the plant extract composition can include a cocoa seed, the cocoa seed being selected from the group including Theobroma cacao and combinations thereof.

[0035] In a further embodiment, the plant extract composition can include an Ilex species selected from the group including Ilex paraguariensis, I. latifolia, I. vomitoria, I. guayusa, I. kudingcha, and combinations thereof.

[0036] In other embodiments, the plant extract composition may include pepper (Piper nigrum), cardamomum (Elettaria cardamomum), Amomum subulatum (Amomum subulatum), anise (Pimpinella anisum), Angelica archangelica (Angelica argentica), ginger (Zingiber officinale), ginger (Zingiber mioga), parsley (Petroselinum crispum), Petroselinum segetu (Petroselinum segetu), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Coriandrum tordylium (Coriandrum tordylium), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), summer savory (Satureia hortensis), winter savory (Satureia montana), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), and combinations thereof.

[0037] In further embodiments, the plant extract composition is selected from the group consisting of guarana (Paullinia cupana), acai (Euterpe oleracea), ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), roselle (Hibiscus sabdarijfa), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), rose species, horseradish (Moringa oleifera), magnolia (Magnolia officinalis), olive (Olea europaea), sophora japonica, saffron (Crocus sativus), Hypericum perforatum, Polygonum multiflorum, Polygonum cuspidatum, citrus species, apple species, grape species, cherry species, litchi (Litchi chinensis), Vaccinium species, Lycium longum, barbarum, wolfberry (Lycium chinense), strawberry species, pomegranate species, gooseberry species, elderberry species, Aronia melanocarpa, Aronia arbutifolia, Aronia prunifolia, fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), anise (Pimpinella anisum), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), turmeric (Curcuma longa), soybean (Glycine max), walnut species, safflower species, Capsicum species, and combinations thereof.

[0038] One embodiment of the present disclosure relates to an orally ingestible composition comprising (i) caffeine and (ii) a plant extract composition. The ratio of total caffeine to plant extract composition in the orally ingestible composition is in the range of 1:20 to 40:1. More specifically, the orally ingestible composition may be 1:20, 1:19, 1:18, 1:17, 1:16, 1:15, 1:14, 1:13, 1:12, 1:11, 1:10, 1:9, 1:8, 1:7, 1:6, 1:5, 1:4, 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1, 11:1, 12:1, 13:1, 14:1, 15:1, The plant extract composition may comprise a ratio of (i) caffeine to (ii) plant extract composition of 16:1, 17:1, 18:1, 19:1, 20:1, 21:1, 22:1, 23:1, 24:1, 25:1, 26:1, 27:1, 28:1, 29:1, 30:1, 31:1, 32:1, 33:1, 34:1, 35:1, 36:1, 37:1, 38:1, 39:1, 40:1 or any ratio value therebetween.

[0039] In some embodiments, the plant extract composition comprises at least one essential oil and / or at least one water-soluble extract. As previously disclosed, in some embodiments, the plant extract composition comprises an essential oil but does not comprise a water-soluble extract. In some embodiments, the plant extract composition comprises a water-soluble extract but does not comprise an essential oil. Thus, in those embodiments in which both essential oil and water-soluble extract are present, the ratio of essential oil to water-soluble extract is in the range of 1:100 to 1:4. More specifically, the ratio of essential oil to water-soluble extract is 1:100, 1:90, 1:80, 1:70, 1:60, 1:50, 1:40, 1:30, 1:20, 1:10, 1:9, 1:8, 1:7, 1:6, 1:5, or 1:4, or any ratio value therebetween.

[0040] Essential oils In exemplary embodiments, the essential oils, when present in the plant extract composition, can include terpenes, including monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and / or diterpenes, esters, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, phenols, oxides, and / or derivatives thereof, and any combination thereof.

[0041] Examples of terpenes include, but are not limited to, camphene, carene, cymene, limonene, myrcene, phellandrene, pinene, sabinene, terpinene, bisabolene, cadinene, caryophyllene, cedrene, chamazulene, copaene, elemene, farnesene, germacrene D, himachelene, and zingiberene.

[0042] Examples of esters include, but are not limited to, benzyl benzoate, bornyl acetate, geranyl acetate, linalyl acetate, and methyl salicylate.

[0043] Examples of aldehydes include cinnamaldehyde, citral, citronellal, geranial, and neral.

[0044] Examples of ketones include camphor, carvone, fenchone, jasmone, menthone, and pincocamphone. Examples of alcohols include borneol, citronellol, geraniol, lavandulol, linalool, terpineol, terpinen-4-ol, menthol, nerol, bisabolol, cedrol, farnesol, nerolidol, santalol, and zingiberol.

[0045] Examples of phenols include anethole, carvacrol, chavicol, estragole (methyl chavicol), eugenol, and thymol.

[0046] Examples of oxides include, but are not limited to, bisabolol oxide, caryophyllene oxide, 1,8-cineole, linalool oxide, pinene oxide, and rose oxide.

[0047] According to one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the essential oils, when present in the plant extract composition, may comprise the following total essential oils in a total amount of about 25 mg or less: borneol (1-5%), myrcene (1-5%), camphene (2-10%), beta-pinene (3-10%), camphor (20-55%), 1,8-eucalyptol (20-55%), limonene (3-10%), alpha-pinene (5-15%).

[0048] In some embodiments, borneol in the essential oil can be present in an amount of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5% or any value in between, myrcene can be present in an amount of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5% or any value in between, camphene can be present in an amount of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10% or any value in between, beta-pinene can be present in an amount of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10% or any value in between, and camphor can be present in an amount of 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55% or any value in between. 1,8-eucalyptol can be present in an amount of 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55% or any value in between, limonene can be present in an amount of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10% or any value in between, and alpha-pinene can be present in an amount of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15% or any value in between.

[0049] In disclosed embodiments, the essential oils, when present in an orally ingestible composition, can include plant essential oils derived from plant roots, rhizomes, stems, bark, twigs, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, and combinations thereof.

[0050] Water-soluble extract As previously mentioned, the plant extract composition of the present disclosure in an orally ingestible composition can include at least one essential oil and / or at least one water-soluble extract. In embodiments where at least one water-soluble extract is present, the water-soluble extract can include one or more polyphenols.

[0051] Thus, in some of these embodiments, the one or more polyphenols can include flavonoids, phenolic acids, curcuminoids, lignans, stilbenes, phenolic terpenes, glycosides, glucuronides, depsides, and / or combinations thereof.

[0052] In some embodiments, the flavonoids can include flavanols, flavones, flavonols, flavanones, isoflavones, anthocyanidins, gallates, glycosides, polymers, and any combination thereof.

[0053] In further embodiments, the flavanols are selected from catechin, epicatechin, catechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, gallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, and any combination thereof. Flavones can include luteolin, chrysoeriol, apigenin, tangeritin, chrysin, glycosides thereof, and any combination thereof. Flavonols can include quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, rutin, glycosides thereof, and any combination thereof. Flavanones can include eriodictyol, hesperetin, naringenin, glycosides thereof, and any combination thereof. Isoflavones can include genistein, daidzein, glycosides thereof, and any combination thereof. Anthocyanidins can include cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, aurantidin, capensinidin, europinidin, hirsutidine, peonidin, petunidin, pulchellidin, rosinidin, any glycosides thereof, and any combinations thereof.

[0054] In some embodiments in which phenolic acids are present, the phenolic acids can include rosmarinic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, salicylic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, chlorogenic acid, coumaric acid, and any combination thereof.

[0055] In another embodiment in which a curcuminoid is present, the curcuminoid may include bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin, curcumin, and any combination thereof.

[0056] In further embodiments, the lignans, if present, are selected from the group comprising lariciresinol, pinoresinol, matairesinol, syrigaresinol, sesamin, sesaminol, and any combination thereof.

[0057] In other embodiments, the stilbene, if present, may be selected from resveratrol, pterostilbene, and any combination thereof.

[0058] In some embodiments, the phenolic terpene is selected from the group including carnosic acid, rosmanol, carnosol, and any combination thereof.

[0059] In one embodiment, the water-soluble extract may contain, in any permutation or combination, rosmarinic acid and / or its derivatives; carnosol, carnosic acid and / or its derivatives, caffeic acid and / or its derivatives, and luteolin and / or its derivatives. Thus, the water-soluble extract, if present, may contain rosmarinic acid and / or its derivatives, or may contain rosmarinic acid and / or its derivatives and carnosol, carnosic acid and / or its derivatives; or may contain rosmarinic acid and / or its derivatives, carnosol, carnosic acid and / or its derivatives, and caffeic acid and / or its derivatives; or may contain rosmarinic acid and / or its derivatives, carnosol, carnosic acid and / or its derivatives, caffeic acid and / or its derivatives; and luteolin and / or its derivatives.

[0060] Derivatives of rosmarinic acid: [ka] are described herein and include lithospermic acid and salvianolic acid, as well as other derivatives having similar chemical structures.

[0061] Carnosol and carnosic acid derivatives: [ka] are described herein and include ferruginol, salvicanol and pisiferic acid as well as other derivatives having similar chemical structures.

[0062] Derivatives of caffeic acid: [ka] are described herein and include caffeoylquinic acid, ferulic acid and feruloylquinic acid as well as other derivatives having similar chemical structures.

[0063] Derivatives of Luteolin: [ka] are described herein and include luteolin glycosides, apigenin and its glycosides, myricetin and its glucosides, quercetin and its glycosides, kaempferol and its glycosides, salvigenin and its glycosides, diosmetin and its glycosides, baicalin and its glycosides, santin and its glycosides, dinatin and its glycosides, and nepitrin and its glycosides, and other derivatives having similar chemical structures.

[0064] In an exemplary embodiment, the plant extract composition comprises at least one water-soluble extract consisting of rosmarinic acid and / or its derivatives in an amount of 2.5 mg to 100 mg; carnosol, carnosic acid and / or its derivatives in an amount of 0.5 mg to 100 mg; caffeic acid and / or its derivatives in an amount of 2.5 mg to 100 mg; and luteolin and / or its derivatives in an amount of 2.5 mg to 100 mg, in a total amount of up to 500 mg.

[0065] In another embodiment, the water-soluble extract is derived from a freshly brewed tea composition comprising catechin, epicatechin, catechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, gallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, and gallic acid.

[0066] The water-soluble extract, if present, comprises rosmarinic acid and / or its derivatives in an amount between 2.5 mg and 100 mg; carnosol, carnosic acid and / or its derivatives in an amount between 0.5 mg and 100 mg; caffeic acid and / or its derivatives in an amount between 2.5 mg and 100 mg; and luteolin and / or its derivatives in an amount between 2.5 mg and 100 mg, in a total amount of water-soluble extract of up to 500 mg.

[0067] Thus, rosmarinic acid and / or derivatives thereof may be present in a total amount of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5, 35, 37.5, 40, 42.5, 45, 47.5, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or 100 mg or any value therebetween. Additionally or alternatively, carnosol, carnosic acid and / or derivatives thereof may be present in a total amount of 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5, 35, 37.5, 40, 42.5, 45, 47.5, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or 100 mg or any value therebetween. Additionally or alternatively, caffeic acid and / or derivatives thereof may be present in a total amount of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5, 35, 37.5, 40, 42.5, 45, 47.5, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or 100 mg or any value therebetween. Additionally or alternatively, luteolin and / or derivatives thereof may be present in a total amount of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5, 35, 37.5, 40, 42.5, 45, 47.5, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 or 100 mg or any value therebetween.

[0068] In one embodiment, the orally ingestible composition may comprise (i) from 25 mg to 300 mg of caffeine and (ii) from 1 mg to 500 mg of the plant extract composition, wherein the ratio of caffeine to the plant extract composition in the orally ingestible composition is from 1:20 to 40:1.

[0069] Thus, the orally ingestible composition may comprise about 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125, 130, 135, 140, 145, 150, 155, 160, 165, 170, 175, 180, 185, 190, 195, 200, 205, 210, 215, 220, 225, 230, 235, 240, 245, 250, 255, 260, 265, 270, 275, 280, 285, 290, 295 or 300 mg of caffeine, or any value therebetween. In some embodiments, the orally ingestible composition comprises about 75 mg of caffeine. In other embodiments, the orally ingestible composition comprises about 60 mg of caffeine.

[0070] The orally ingestible composition may be about 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115, 120, 125, 130, 135, 140, 145, 150, 155, 160, 165, 170, 175, 180, 185, 190, 195, 200, 205, 210, 215, 220, 225, 230, 235, 240, 245, 250, 255, 260, 265, 270, 275 , 280, 285, 290, 295, 300, 305, 310, 315, 320, 325, 330, 335, 340, 345, 350, 355, 360, 365, 370, 375, 380, 385, 390, 395, 400, 405, 410, 415, 420, 425, 430, 435, 440, 445, 450, 455, 460, 465, 470, 475, 480, 485, 490, 495 or 500 mg or any value therebetween of the plant extract composition.

[0071] According to a further embodiment, (i) Caffeine having a total caffeine content between 25 mg and 300 mg; (ii) an orally ingestible composition comprising a plant extract composition comprising at least one water-soluble extract from a plant and / or at least one essential oil from the same or a different plant, The plant extract composition is between 1 mg and 500 mg; The plant extract composition is provided as an orally ingestible composition derived from a plant of the genus Salvia.

[0072] In a further embodiment, the plant extract composition comprises at least one essential oil and / or at least one water-soluble extract, wherein the essential oil is present in an amount between 1 mg and 25 mg.

[0073] In a further embodiment, the essential oil, if present, comprises borneol (1-5%), myrcene (1-5%), camphene (2-10%), beta-pinene (3-10%), camphor (20-55%), 1,8-eucalyptol (20-55%), limonene (3-10%), alpha-pinene (5-15%) in a total amount of 25 mg or less.

[0074] In a further embodiment, the plant extract composition may further comprise a water-soluble extract comprising rosmarinic acid and / or its derivatives in an amount of 2.5mg to 100mg, carnosol, carnosic acid and / or its derivatives in an amount of 0.5mg to 100mg, caffeic acid and / or its derivatives in an amount of 2.5mg to 100mg, and luteolin and / or its derivatives in an amount of 2.5mg to 100mg, in a total amount of up to 500mg. When both essential oil and water-soluble extract are present, the ratio of essential oil to water-soluble extract is 1:100 to 1:4.

[0075] In some embodiments, the plant extract composition is derived from sage (Salvia officinalis) and Spanish sage (Salvia lavandulifolia). In other embodiments, the plant extract composition is a sage (S. officinalis) extract composition comprising rosmarinic acid in an amount of about 3.5 mg to 50 mg.

[0076] In another embodiment, the orally ingestible composition comprises about 150 mg of a plant extract composition, the plant extract composition being a sage (S. officinalis) extract comprising rosmarinic acid in an amount of about 7.8 mg and total polyphenols (gallic acid equivalent) in an amount of about 27 mg.

[0077] In a further embodiment, the orally ingestible composition comprises about 250 mg of a plant extract composition, the plant extract composition being a sage (S. officinalis) extract composition comprising rosmarinic acid in an amount of about 12.9 mg and total polyphenols (gallic acid equivalent) in an amount of about 45 mg.

[0078] In another embodiment, the orally ingestible composition comprises about 150 mg of a plant extract composition, the plant extract composition being a S. officinalis extract composition comprising rosmarinic acid in an amount of about 7.8 mg, tea catechins in an amount of about 200 mg, and total polyphenols (gallic acid equivalent) in an amount of about 500 mg, and the caffeine content is about 60 mg.

[0079] In this embodiment, the water-soluble extract in the plant extract composition is derived from a freshly brewed tea composition comprising catechin, epicatechin, catechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, gallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, and gallic acid.

[0080] In some embodiments, the orally ingestible composition comprises a total caffeine content of about 25-300 mg. In other embodiments, the total caffeine content is about 30-290 mg, 40-280 mg, 50-270 mg, 60-260 mg, 70-250 mg, 80-240 mg, 90-230 mg, 100-220 mg, 110-210 mg, 120-200 mg, 130-190 mg, 140-180 mg, or 150-170 mg. In other embodiments, the total caffeine content is about 75 mg of caffeine. In further embodiments, the total caffeine content is about 60 mg of caffeine.

[0081] The plant extract composition may be a Salvia plant extract composition. The Salvia may be S. officinalis, S. lavandulifolia, S. rosmarinus (Rosmarinus officinalis), S. bowleyana, S. cavaleriei, S. chinensis, S. flava, S. prionitis, S. sonchifolia, S. yunnanensis, S. miltiorrhiza, S. multicaulis, or S. divinorum. Thus, in some embodiments, the plant extract composition is a S. officinalis plant extract composition. In some embodiments, the plant extract composition is a S. lavandulifolia plant extract composition. In some embodiments, the plant extract composition is a S. rosmarinus (Rosmarinus officinalis) plant extract composition. In some embodiments, the plant extract composition is a S. bowleyana plant extract composition. In some embodiments, the plant extract composition is a S. cavaleriei plant extract composition. In some embodiments, the plant extract composition is a S. chinensis plant extract composition. In some embodiments, the plant extract composition is a S. flava plant extract composition. In some embodiments, the plant extract composition is a S. prionitis plant extract composition. In some embodiments, the plant extract composition is a S. sonchifolia plant extract composition.In some embodiments, the plant extract composition is a Salvia yunnanensis plant extract composition. In some embodiments, the plant extract composition is a S. miltiorrhiza plant extract composition. In some embodiments, the plant extract composition is a Salvia multicaulis plant extract composition. In some embodiments, the plant extract composition is a Salvia species, a Salvia divinorum plant extract composition. In some embodiments, the plant extract composition comprises a plant extract composition from a combination of different species of Salvia, such as any combination of two or more of the Salvia species identified above.

[0082] Additionally or alternatively, the plant extract composition may be a Mentha piperita plant extract composition. Additionally or alternatively, the plant extract composition may be a Eucalyptus globulus plant extract composition. Additionally or alternatively, the plant extract composition may be a Mentha spicata plant extract composition. Additionally or alternatively, the plant extract composition may be a Thymus vulgaris plant extract composition. In some embodiments, the plant extract composition comprises a plant extract composition from one or more species of Salvia, such as any one or more of the Salvia species identified above, and one or more of Mentha piperita, Eucalyptus globulus, Thymus vulgaris, and Mentha spicata.

[0083] The plant extract composition may be a Salvia officinalis extract composition, hi some embodiments, the plant extract composition is a Salvia officinalis extract composition comprising rosmarinic acid in an amount of about 3.5 mg to 50 mg.

[0084] The plant extract compositions described herein may be obtained commercially or may be prepared by the methods described herein for preparing plant extracts. The plant extract may contain the components outlined above in suitable amounts and ratios thereof to provide the plant extract composition described herein (e.g., containing borneol (1-5%), myrcene (1-5%), camphene (2-10%), beta-pinene (3-10%), camphor (20-55%), 1,8-eucalyptol (20-55%), limonene (3-10%), alpha-pinene (5-15%) in total amounts of up to 25 mg; and / or rosmarinic acid and / or derivatives thereof in amounts of 2.5 mg to 100 mg; carnosol, carnosic acid and / or derivatives thereof in amounts of 0.5 mg to 100 mg; caffeic acid and / or derivatives thereof in amounts of 2.5 mg to 100 mg; and luteolin and / or derivatives thereof in amounts of 2.5 mg to 100 mg in total amounts of up to 500 mg). Alternatively, the plant extract compositions described herein may be obtained by supplementing the plant extract with one or more components required to achieve the listed components and amounts thereof.

[0085] In some embodiments, the orally ingestible composition comprises about 150 mg of the plant extract composition. In certain embodiments, the orally ingestible composition comprises about 150 mg of the plant extract composition, the plant extract composition being a Sage (S. officinalis) extract composition comprising rosmarinic acid in an amount of about 7.8 mg and total polyphenols (gallic acid equivalent) in an amount of about 27 mg. In certain embodiments, the orally ingestible composition comprises about 150 mg of the plant extract composition, the plant extract composition being a Sage (S. officinalis) extract composition comprising rosmarinic acid in an amount of about 5.2%, w / w.

[0086] In other embodiments, the orally ingestible composition comprises about 250 mg of the plant extract composition. In certain embodiments, the orally ingestible composition comprises about 250 mg of the plant extract composition, the plant extract composition being a S. officinalis extract composition comprising rosmarinic acid in an amount of about 12.9 mg and total polyphenols (gallic acid equivalents) in an amount of about 45 mg. In certain embodiments, the orally ingestible composition comprises about 250 mg of the plant extract composition, the plant extract composition being a S. officinalis extract composition comprising rosmarinic acid in an amount of about 5.2%, w / w.

[0087] The orally ingestible compositions disclosed herein may be liquid compositions or solid compositions. In some embodiments, the composition is a liquid composition in the form of a beverage. In some embodiments, the liquid composition is in the form of a carbonated beverage, such as a soft drink, a sparkling beverage, or a malt beverage. In some embodiments, the liquid composition is in the form of a non-carbonated beverage. In some embodiments, the non-carbonated beverage is a tea. In some embodiments, the non-carbonated beverage is a juice or juice drink (e.g., a fruit and / or vegetable juice or juice drink). In some embodiments, the non-carbonated beverage is a sports drink, an energy drink or a protein drink, a dairy drink, an herbal drink, or a tea-based beverage. In some embodiments, the beverage is a coffee, a cocoa drink, or a milk or other non-dairy milk substitute beverage. In some embodiments, the liquid composition is in the form of a liquid concentrate. In some embodiments, the composition is a solid composition in the form of a powder, granules, capsule, tablet, compacted or compressed soluble solid (e.g., in the form of a cube containing compacted or compressed powder or granules), food additive, or foodstuff.

[0088] The orally ingestible compositions disclosed herein may be packaged in serving units, such as serving units each containing an amount of the orally ingestible composition providing (i) 25 mg to 300 mg of caffeine and (ii) 1 to 500 mg of the plant extract composition. Alternatively, the orally ingestible compositions disclosed herein may be packaged in bulk form, with each package containing more than one serving or any amount of the composition, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12 or more servings. For example, liquid embodiments may be packaged in bottles, vials, or the like. Solid embodiments may be prepared as capsules or tablets, each containing a serving or a portion thereof (such as 1 / 4 serving in each capsule or tablet). Alternatively, the solid compositions may be prepared as powders or granules packaged in unit or bulk form, such as single serving packets (e.g. stick packs or sachets) or bulk packages (such as packets, bags, jars, pails, etc.) containing more than one serving or any amount of the composition, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12 or more servings.

[0089] method As mentioned above, the inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that the orally ingestible composition disclosed herein provides one or more cognitive function benefits.Thus, in another aspect, disclosed herein is the use of the orally ingestible composition disclosed herein in a method for providing cognitive function benefits to a human subject, the method comprising administering to the subject the orally ingestible composition described herein.Also disclosed is the orally ingestible composition described herein for use in providing cognitive function benefits to a human subject.

[0090] The cognitive benefit may be one or more selected from improved cognitive performance, improved attention, improved memory, improved alertness, improved calmness, reduced stress, and reduced mental fatigue.As used herein, "improved cognitive performance" refers to one or both of improved speed of cognitive performance and improved accuracy of cognitive performance.As used herein, "improved attention" refers to one or both of improved speed and accuracy of attention.As used herein, "improved memory" refers to one or more of improved episodic memory, improved working memory, and improved speed of memory. As used herein, "improvement" or "reduction" refers to an improvement or reduction in an aspect of cognitive function (e.g., one or more of cognitive performance, improved attention, improved memory, improved vigilance, improved calmness, reduced stress, and reduced mental fatigue) after ingestion of an orally ingestible composition disclosed herein compared to before ingestion or compared to ingestion of a similarly formulated placebo, and may be determined by performing a cognitive function assessment of the subject before and after ingestion of an orally ingestible composition disclosed herein, or by performing a cognitive function assessment of the subject after ingestion of an orally ingestible composition disclosed herein and after ingestion of a similarly formulated placebo. In some embodiments, the improvement or reduction in an aspect of cognitive function is relative to ingestion of a similarly formulated composition containing the same amount of caffeine but without the plant extract composition. Suitable cognitive function assessments are discussed in more detail below and shown in Example 1. The cognitive function assessment may be performed at any suitable time after oral ingestion of an orally ingestible composition described herein, such as within about 300 minutes of oral ingestion of the composition, including within about 240 minutes, or within about 180 minutes, or within about 120 minutes, or within about 60 minutes, such as about 60 minutes, about 120 minutes, about 180 minutes, about 240 minutes, or about 300 minutes after oral ingestion or any time in between, such as 60-300 minutes after oral ingestion of the composition, or 60-240 minutes after oral ingestion, or 60-180 minutes after oral ingestion.In some embodiments, cognitive function assessment may be assessed about 60 minutes, about 180 minutes, or about 300 minutes after oral ingestion of an orally ingestible composition described herein.

[0091] Thus, disclosed herein is a method for providing cognitive benefits in a human subject, such as one or more of improving cognitive performance, improving attention, improving memory, improving vigilance, improving composure, reducing stress, and reducing mental fatigue, comprising orally administering to the human subject an orally ingestible composition as described herein. In another aspect, disclosed herein is the use of an orally ingestible composition as described herein for providing cognitive benefits in a human subject, such as one or more of improving cognitive performance, improving attention, improving memory, improving vigilance, improving composure, reducing stress, and reducing mental fatigue. In another aspect, disclosed herein is an orally ingestible composition as described herein for use in providing cognitive benefits in a human subject, such as one or more of improving cognitive performance, improving attention, improving memory, improving vigilance, improving composure, reducing stress, and reducing mental fatigue.

[0092] In some embodiments, the method, composition or use is for improving cognitive performance in a human subject. Additionally or alternatively, the method, composition or use is for improving attention in a human subject. Additionally or alternatively, the method, composition or use is for improving memory in a human subject. Additionally or alternatively, the method, composition or use is for improving vigilance in a human subject. Additionally or alternatively, the method, composition or use is for improving calmness in a human subject. Additionally or alternatively, the method, composition or use is for reducing stress in a human subject. Additionally or alternatively, the method, composition or use is for reducing mental fatigue in a human subject.

[0093] According to any of the methods, compositions or uses disclosed herein, the orally ingestible composition may be administered orally once per day or more than once per day.

[0094] According to any of the methods, compositions or uses disclosed herein, the methods, compositions or uses may further comprise carrying out cognitive function assessment of the subject.For example, cognitive function assessment may be carried out before administration of the orally ingestible composition described herein.In addition, or instead, cognitive function assessment may be carried out about 60 minutes, about 180 minutes or about 300 minutes after oral intake of the orally ingestible composition described herein.

[0095] Assessment of cognitive benefits Cognitive benefits may be assessed by cognitive assessments such as the Computerized Mental Performance Assessment System (COMPASS). See, for example, Wightman et al. Nutrients, 2020, 12(8):2194. This testing system administers custom-made tasks, with fully randomized parallel versions of each task administered to each individual at each assessment time point. Figure 1 depicts a representative COMPASS cognitive assessment battery of individual tasks, and shows the various composite scores that can result from the results of a subset of the battery of tasks. As shown, each of the tasks listed in Figure 1 may be used to generate a variety of outcome measures ("scores"). On the right side, the derivation of the "cognitive domain" factor scores is shown; on the left side, the tasks are linked to an overall speed of performance or accuracy of performance score. The tasks depicted in Figure 1 included many standard tasks assessing aspects of memory (operational, episodic, spatial), attention, and executive function. Objective measures of the visual analog mood scale can be used to determine alertness, stress, and calmness. For example, three repetitions of the visual analogue scales in the Cognitive Demand Battery (CDB), a subsector of COMPASS, can be applied to assess mental fatigue. Measures of global cognitive function can be summarized as performance accuracy, performance speed, attention accuracy, attention speed, working memory, memory speed, and episodic memory (Figure 1). One possible advantage of the COMPASS battery is the possibility to reduce task outcomes to "factors" that can be useful to establish whether a treatment has an overall effect on a particular cognitive domain that may be missed by significance for the constituent tasks.

[0096] For example, a 10 minute Cognitive Demand Battery (CDB) may contain: · Serial 3s Subtraction Task (approximately 2 minutes): A computerized version of the serial subtraction task can be administered using a test time of approximately 2 minutes. Participants are asked to count backwards from a given number by 3s, using the number keys to enter each answer as quickly and accurately as possible. A random starting number between 800 and 999 may be presented on the computer screen, which disappears upon entry of the first answer. The task is scored for the number of correct answers and the number of errors. If the answer is incorrect, the subsequent answer is scored as positive if it is correct in relation to the number given as the incorrect answer. · Serial 7s subtraction task (approximately 2 minutes): This is identical to the serial 3s task except that it involves serial subtractions of 7s. Rapid Visual Information Processing task (RVIP - approximately 5 min): participants are required to monitor an uninterrupted sequence of digits with targets being either three consecutive odd numbers or three consecutive even numbers. The digits are presented at a rate of approximately 100 per minute and participants respond to detection of the target sequence by pressing a response button as fast as possible. The task lasts approximately 5 minutes uninterrupted with eight correct target sequences being presented every minute. The task is scored for the percentage of the target sequence correctly detected, the mean reaction time for correct detection and the number of false alarms. Mental Fatigue-Visual Analogue Scale: Participants rate their current subjective state of "mental fatigue" by marking a 100mm line with endpoints marked "not at all" (far left) and "very much" (far right). The 10-minute Cognitive Demand Battery (CDB) may be performed three times in a row (i.e., approximately 30 minutes in a row). COMPASS tasks may include: Mood / Alertness: Visual Analog Mood Scale (VAMS): Participants complete 18 visual analog scales, each with an adjective describing opposing mood states. Data from the scales are reduced to three factors previously identified by factor analysis: Alertness, Stress, and Calmness. "Episodic" long-term memory tasks: · Picture presentation: 15 color photographic images of objects are presented sequentially on the screen for the participant to memorize at a rate of one every 3 seconds, with a stimulus duration of approximately 1 second. Word presentation: A unique set of 15 words is presented. Words matched for length, frequency, familiarity and concreteness are randomly selected from a large word bank (MRC Psycholinguistic Database). Stimulus duration is approximately 1 second, with the same duration between stimuli. Immediate and delayed word recall: Participants write down as many of the 15 or so words presented during the stimulus presentation period as possible immediately after this period and during a delayed recall / recognition period. This task is scored for accuracy only. Delayed Photo Recognition: A series of photos are presented on the screen, one at a time. The number of photos, the rate at which the photos are presented, and the inter-stimulus interval can be varied. For every target photo shown during the photo presentation, a number of decoys appear on the screen, one at a time. For each stimulus, participants select "yes" or "no" to indicate whether they have seen that photo before. Task outcomes include accuracy and reaction time. Note: · Digit Vigilance Task: A target digit is randomly selected and constantly displayed on the right side of the computer screen. A series of digits is then presented in the center of the screen at a rate of approximately 80 digits per minute, and participants are required to press the YES button as quickly as possible each time a digit in the series matches the target digit. The task lasts approximately 2 minutes and there are 30 stimulus-target matches. Task outcomes are accuracy, mean reaction time and number of false alarms. Choice reaction time: An arrow pointing left or right appears on the screen. Participants respond by pressing the left or right key that matches the direction of the arrow. The inter-stimulus interval varies randomly between about 1 and about 3 seconds for a total of 50 stimuli. Task outcomes are accuracy and mean reaction time for correct responses. Simple reaction time: each time an arrow pointing up appears on the screen, participants respond by pressing a single key. The inter-stimulus interval varies randomly between about 1 and about 3 seconds for a total of 50 stimuli. Task outcomes are accuracy and mean reaction time. Working memory: "Sternberg" Number Working Memory Task: A series of five single-digit numbers are presented on the screen, one at a time. As the numbers appear, participants are asked to try to remember these numbers. Once the series is completed, 30 single-digit numbers are presented, one at a time, and participants respond to indicate whether each number was presented in the previous list. The task is repeated three times with different numbers. Task outcomes include accuracy and reaction time. · "Corsi Blocks": spatial working memory task. Nine blue squares with a black background are displayed on the screen. Some of the blue squares turn red and then back to blue in a certain sequence. The participant is asked to remember this sequence. The task is repeated five times at each difficulty level, with the sequence span increasing from 4 until the participant cannot correctly recall the sequence. The outcome of the task is a "span score", which is calculated as the average of the last three correctly performed trials. For example, if a participant correctly responded to all five level 4 trials and only one level 5 trial, the span score would be 4.3 [(4+4+5) / 3]. Execution features: Pegs and Balls: Two configurations are presented on the screen. In each, three colored balls (blue, green, red) are stuck on one of three pegs. The configuration at the top of the screen is the goal configuration, and participants must line up the balls in the start configuration (shown in the center of the screen) to match the positions of the balls in the goal configuration. Participants must do this in the fewest number of moves possible. Task outcomes include average thinking time, execution time, and errors.

[0097] Having thus broadly described the invention, it will be more readily understood by reference to the following examples, which are provided by way of illustration and are not intended to limit the invention. EXAMPLES

[0098] Example 1. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in a balanced crossover design to evaluate the effects of brief supplementation with a single dose of the beverage composition described herein on cognitive function and alertness.

[0099] The six beverage compositions tested were as follows: Placebo (solvent) A solvent with 75 mg of caffeine ("Caffeine") 333 mg of sage extract ("Sage L") formulated in a solvent 545 mg of sage extract ("Sage H") formulated in a solvent 333 mg of sage extract ("Sage Combo L") formulated in a solvent with 75 mg of caffeine 545 mg of sage extract formulated in a solvent with 75 mg of caffeine ("Sage Combo H")

[0100] Sage (Sage (S. officinalis) and / or Spanish sage (S. lavandulifolia)) extracts were obtained from commercial sources and contained 50-60% sage extract and 40-50% maltodextrin.) Internal analysis confirmed that the sage extract contained rosmarinic acid (2.3%, w / w), essential oil (1%, w / w) combined with maltodextrin.

[0101] The solvent was a non-commercially available carbonated beverage. All ingredients were food grade and generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA. Components in the solvent were at the same levels across all beverage compositions.

[0102] Participants were randomly assigned to a balanced schedule that dictated the order in which participants received the six interventions. Participants received one of the six interventions in the laboratory during each of the two assessment days (day 1 / day 2 / day 3 / day 4 / day 5 / day 6), with the order of interventions balanced across participants.

[0103] Trials utilized the Cognitive Demand Battery (CDB) subsectors and the COMPASS cognitive assessment system, described above and depicted in Figure 1 (participants performed three consecutive 10-minute CDB battery tasks for 30 minutes each). The order of tasks is depicted in Figure 1. Primary cognitive / mood assessments were administered pre-dose and 60, 180, and 300 minutes post-dose on six separate test days, separated by a minimum of 7 days. Factor scores were calculated by calculating the mean reaction time (msec) or accuracy % for all of the tasks contributing to a particular factor (as shown in Figure 1). Two additional composite scores were also calculated using Z-scores - speed of performance (except pegs and balls), which included reaction time data (msec) from all tasks returning reaction time data (msec), and accuracy of performance, which included accuracy % data from all of the tasks returning accuracy % data. Each cognitive measure was analyzed using mixed-model repeated measures.

[0104] The differences between least squares means for all pairwise comparisons in treatment were analyzed using unadjusted or adjusted p-values ​​for main effects. The results also showed that the beverage composition (Sage Combo L) containing both sage extract composition (333 mg) and caffeine (75 mg) significantly improved performance speed and improved performance accuracy across evaluations (60, 180, 300 minutes) compared to placebo (p=0.032) and beverage composition containing caffeine (p=0.039), with a trend toward significance. Although no statistically significant differences were found, the results show that the improvement in performance speed was not associated with a decrease in performance accuracy. See Figures 2A and 2B.

[0105] The beverage composition containing both the sage extract composition and caffeine (333 / 75 mg, Sage Combo L) also resulted in a significant reduction in mental fatigue across the evaluations (60, 180, 300 minutes) compared to placebo (p=0.025) (Figure 3). Moreover, both the sage / caffeine beverage compositions (Sage Combo L, p=0.019 and Sage Combo H, p=0.026) improved alertness during the 60 minute evaluation compared to placebo (Figure 4).

[0106] Example 2 Sub-studies were also conducted to further explore the effects of the various compositions disclosed herein and more specifically both sage (Salvia officinalis) and caffeine. In previous studies, these combinations have been shown to improve aspects of cognitive function and elements of mood and state of mind. As such combinations have not previously been evaluated for their psychotropic effects in any known study, we aimed to further explore the synergistic effects of a formulation that combines both sage and caffeine.

[0107] The study employed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, balanced crossover design to assess the acute effects of a single dose of sage extract + caffeine (Sage Caffeine Combination), sage extract + tea (Sage in Tea Matrix), caffeine-containing vehicle, and placebo vehicle on cognitive function and mood at 60, 180, and 300 minutes post-dose.

[0108] Participants were randomly assigned to receive one of the following beverages on each of four study days: Placebo (flavor solvent) 75mg caffeine (in flavor solvent) 333 mg of sage (Salvia officinalis and Spanish sage (S. lavandulifolia)) extract and 75 mg of caffeine (in flavor solvent) (Sage Caffeine Combination) 333 mg of sage (Salvia officinalis and Spanish sage (S. lavandulifolia)) extract in tea containing 60 mg of caffeine (Sage in Tea Matrix)

[0109] This additional study therefore evaluated the effects of a single dose of two separate sage-containing beverages, a beverage with additional caffeine and a tea-containing beverage with similar levels of caffeine, compared with a caffeine-containing beverage and a placebo beverage, on various aspects of cognitive function and mood / psychology.

[0110] The effectiveness of the beverages was evaluated on the following scales: Cognitive function assessed by global performance measures (speed of performance, accuracy of performance), cognitive domain factors (speed of attention, accuracy of attention, speed of memory, episodic memory, working memory) and performance on single tasks taken from the COMPASS assessment battery. Cognitive function and mental fatigue during "cognitive demands" (performance on the Cognitive Demand Battery, including the Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVIP) task, repeated Serial 3s and Serial 7s, and the Mental Fatigue Visual Analogue Scale) General mood / mental state (Mood State Profile, Visual Analog Mood Scale [VAMS], Stress Visual Analog Scale [S-VAS])

[0111] Drinks were supplied bottled and identified only by the manufacturer's unique code, which was later converted to a site-specific code (A, B, C, D). The order in which participants received the four interventions was counterbalanced across groups via random allocation to a balanced schedule. Drinks were prepared on each day by a disinterested third party according to the balanced schedule.

[0112] In the remainder of this disclosure, the specific beverages involved in this sub-study will be referred to as "Placebo," "Caffeine," "Sage Tea Matrix," and "Sage Caffeine Combo."

[0113] Sub-studies revealed that the Sage Caffeine Combo provided a strong pattern of overall results associated with benefits that did not reach significance for caffeine alone. The Sage Caffeine Combo was therefore shown to provide significantly better performance than caffeine alone, specifically in two tasks that place a significant burden on executive function. In addition, the Sage Tea Matrix provided several mood benefits (including factors such as confusion, anger and kindness) that were not seen after caffeine alone. The overall results therefore provide evidence of the independent or moderating effects of the non-caffeine components of the sage intervention.

[0114] As can be seen in Figure 5, the results show the effect of Sage Caffeine Combo, Sage Tea Matrix, caffeine and placebo drinks on the overall "Accuracy of Performance" measure derived from the COMPASS cognitive task. The graph shows the time course data from the post-administration assessment. The asterisk indicates a significant Bonferroni comparison between the active intervention and placebo at that time point. * ,p<0.05; ** ,p<0.01, *** , p<0.001. Analysis of overall speed and accuracy outcomes showed that there was a significant main effect of intervention on the measure of "Accuracy of Performance" (data from 11 tasks returning %Accuracy / Max Score data shown) [F(3,482)=12.3, p<0.001]. Planned comparisons of data averaged across assessments showed that all three active drinks were associated with significantly better (all P<0.001) accuracy following administration. Comparison of the mean data from each assessment time point showed that while only Sage Caffeine Combo was associated with improvement 60 minutes after administration (p<0.05), all three drinks led to improved performance at 180 minutes (caffeine p<0.01, Sage Caffeine Combo p<0.05, Sage Tea Matrix p<0.001), and both caffeine (p<0.01) and Sage Tea Matrix (p<0.05) improved accuracy 300 minutes after administration.

[0115] In Figure 6, the results are disclosed for the "Attention Precision" factor influenced by the effects of Sage Caffeine Combo, Sage Tea Matrix, caffeine and placebo drinks. These cognitive function factors were derived from the COMPASS cognitive task outcomes. The graphs show the time course data from each post-administration assessment for measures that clearly showed such effects (i.e., the absence of a line graph means that there was no significant effect for these comparisons on outcomes). The asterisks indicate significant Bonferroni comparisons between the intervention and placebo at that time point.* ,p<0.05; ** ,p<0.01, *** , p<0.001. Data presented in the graph show that consistent with an overall improvement in accuracy, there was also a main effect for the factor of attentional accuracy (combining % accuracy data from the five attentional tasks) [F(3,240)=9.0, p<0.001]. Planned comparisons showed that all three drinks produced improved performance across testing days post-administration compared to placebo (caffeine, p<0.001; Sage Tea Matrix, p<0001; Sage Caffeine Combo, p<0.01). Comparison of the data from the individual assessments showed that the Sage Caffeine Combo was associated with a significant improvement over placebo during the 60 minute assessment (p<0.01), whereas both caffeine and Sage Tea Matrix were associated with improvement during all three assessments (caffeine, 60 minutes-p<0.05, 180 minutes-p<0.01, 300 minutes-p<0.001: Sage Tea Matrix, 60 minutes-0.05, 180 minutes-p<0.001, 300 minutes-p<0.05).

[0116] As shown in Figures 7A and 7B, there were main effects for the total number of correct Serial 3s [F(3,1600) = 17, p < 0.001] and Serial 7s [F(3,1602) = 14.3, p < 0.001], reflecting improved performance compared to placebo for all three active drinks across post-administration assessments (p < 0.001 in all cases). In the case of both Serial 3s and 7s, the clearest pattern of benefit was seen following the Sage Caffeine Combo, which produced the strongest improvements 60 and 180 minutes after administration compared to placebo (p < 0.001 in all cases), with these effects weakening 300 minutes after administration (Serial 3s p < 0.01; Serial 7s p < 0.05). The Sage Caffeine Combo also showed significant improvements in this Serial 3s performance compared to caffeine 60 minutes after administration (p<0.05). Sage Tea Matrix and caffeine were also associated with benefits in total subtractions. For the Serial 3s task, these were seen at 180 minutes (both p<0.01) and 300 minutes (caffeine, p<0.01; Sage Tea Matrix p<0.05) after administration, and for the Serial 7s at 60 minutes (both p<0.05) and 300 minutes (both p<0.01) after administration.

[0117] Figures 8A and 8B show that there was also a main effect for accuracy in performing the Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVIP) task [F(3,1499)=28.3.p<0.001], with all three drinks outperforming placebo throughout the post-dosing period (all p<0.001). Results are presented in Figures 8A and 8B. Referring to planned comparisons at each time point, it was shown that all three drinks provided significant benefits 60 minutes (caffeine, p<0.05; Sage Caffeine Combo / Sage Tea Matrix, p<0.001), 180 minutes (all drinks p<0.001) and 300 minutes (caffeine, p<0.001, Sage Caffeine Combo / Sage Tea Matrix, p<0.01) after dosing. Furthermore, there was little significant main effect for speed of performing the RVIP [F(3,1500) = 3.54, p < 0.05], with significantly faster performance seen across assessments after caffeine compared to placebo (p < 0.01), and a trend towards the same effect for the Sage Tea Matrix (p < 0.1).

[0118] These performance benefits were matched by reduced mental fatigue ratings during the CDB for all three active interventions compared to placebo (main effect: [F(3,1608)=23.5,p<0.001]) (all p<0.001). In terms of individual assessments, mental fatigue was also reduced by all three interventions at 60 min (caffeine, p<0.01; Sage Caffeine Combo / Sage Tea Matrix, p<0.001), 180 min (caffeine p<0.05; Sage Caffeine Combo / Sage Tea Matrix, p<0.001) and 300 min (caffeine, p<0.001; Sage Caffeine Combo, p<0.01; Sage Tea Matrix, p<0.05) post-administration.

[0119] Overall, these results provide evidence that orally ingestible compositions described herein that include a plant extract composition, such as a sage plant extract composition, and caffeine provide cognitive benefits and mood / psychological benefits compared to compositions that contain caffeine alone, and show that the sage extract composition and caffeine act synergistically. The results also show that there are different cognitive functionalities and benefits resulting from sage and caffeine.

[0120] The following numbered clauses define further example aspects and features of the present disclosure: 1. (i) at least one water-soluble extract from a plant; and / or (ii) at least one essential oil from the same or a different plant; and / or (iii) caffeine from a source other than (i) and / or (ii); (i) and / or (ii) form a plant extract composition; and a ratio of total caffeine to plant extract composition is from 1:20 to 40:1 by weight (w / w). 2. The orally ingestible composition of clause 1, wherein the at least one essential oil comprises a terpene, monoterpene, sesquiterpene, diterpene, ester, aldehyde, ketone, alcohol, phenol, and oxide, and derivatives and / or combinations thereof. 3. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1-2, wherein when both essential oils and the at least one water soluble extract are present, the ratio of the at least one essential oil to the at least one water soluble extract is from 1:100 to 1:4. 4. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1-3, wherein the at least one essential oil comprises a plant essential oil derived from a plant's roots, rhizomes, stems, bark, twigs, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, and combinations thereof. 5. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1-4, wherein the plant extract composition is derived from a plant of a genus selected from the group consisting of Salvia, Eucalyptus, Mint, Thymus, Ocimum, Cinnamomum, Elettaria, Amomum, Honeywort, Angelica, Ginger, Pepper, Petroselinum, Coriander, Fennel, Myrtella, Savory, Camellia, Coffee, Cacao, Ilex, Guarana, Euterpe, Ginkgo, Hibiscus, Mentha, Aspalathus, Rose, Moringa, Magnolia, Olive, Sophora, Crocus, Hypericum, Polygonum, Mandarin, Apple, Grape, Cherry, Lychee, Vaccinium, Goji berry, Rubus fruticosus, Pomegranate, Currant, Elderberry, Aronia, Fennel, Honeywort, Swiss chard, Turmeric, Soybean, Walnut, Cardamomum, Capsicum and combinations thereof. 6. The plant extract composition includes Salvia species, including sage (S. officinalis), Spanish sage (S. lavandulifolia), rosemary (S. rosmarinus) (Rosmarinus 6. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1 to 5, wherein the orally ingestible composition is selected from Salvia officinalis, S. hispanica, S. columbariae, S. polystachya, S. bowleyana, S. cavaleriei, S. chinensis, S. flava, S. prionitis, S. sonchifolia, S. yunnanensis, S. miltiorrhiza, S. multicaulis and S. divinorum. 7. The plant extract composition includes Eucalyptus species, and examples of Eucalyptus species include Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus cneorifolia, Eucalyptus dives, Eucalyptus dumosa, Eucalyptus goniocalyx, Eucalyptus horistes, Eucalyptus kochii, Eucalyptus leucoxylon, Eucalyptus largiflorens, Eucalyptus oleifera ...oleifera, Eucalyptus oleifera, Eucalyptus oleifera, Eucalyptus oleifera, Eucalyptus oleifera, Eucalyptus oleifera, Eucalyptus oleifera, Eucalyptus oleifera, Eucalyptus oleifera, Eucalyptus oleifera, Eucalyptus oleifera, Eucalyptus oleifera, Eucalyptus oleifera, Eucalyptus oleifera, Eucalyptus oleifera, Eucalyptus oleifera, Eucalyptus oleifera, Eucalyptus oleifera, Eucalyptus oleifera, Eucalyptus oleifera, Eucalyptus oleifera, Eucalyptus 7. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1 to 6, wherein the Eucalyptus oleosa, Eucalyptus polybractea, Eucalyptus radiata, Eucalyptus rossii, Eucalyptus sideroxylon, Eucalyptus smithii, Eucalyptus staigeriana, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Eucalyptus viridis and combinations thereof. 8. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1-7, wherein the plant extract composition comprises a mint species, the mint species being selected from the group comprising peppermint (Mentha piperita), spearmint (M. spicata), bergamot mint (M. citrate), and combinations thereof. 9. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1-8, wherein the plant extract composition comprises Thymus species, the Thymus species being selected from the group comprising Thymus vulgaris, T. zygis, T. serpyllum, T. citriodorus, T. praecox, T. pseudolanuginosus, and combinations thereof. 10. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1 to 9, wherein the plant extract composition comprises Ocimum species, the Ocimum species being selected from the group including sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum), lemon basil (O. citriodorum), Ocimum kilimandscharicum, lime basil (O. Americanum), Indian basil (O. gratissimum), holy basil (O. tenuiflorum), and combinations thereof. 11. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1 to 10, wherein the plant extract composition comprises a Cinnamomum species, the Cinnamomum species being selected from the group comprising Cinnamomum burmanni (C. burmanni), C. cassia (C. cassia), C. loureirin (C. loureirin), C. zeylanicum, C. camphora (C. camphora), and combinations thereof. 12. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1-11, wherein the plant extract composition comprises a Camellia species, the Camellia species being selected from the group comprising Camellia sinensis, C. assamica, and combinations thereof. 13. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1-12, wherein the plant extract composition comprises a coffee species, the coffee species being selected from the group including Coffea arabica, C. canephora, C. eugenioides, and combinations thereof. 14. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1 to 13, wherein the plant extract composition comprises a cocoa seed, the cocoa seed being selected from the group comprising Theobroma cacao and combinations thereof. 15. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1-14, wherein the plant extract composition comprises an Ilex species, the Ilex species being selected from the group comprising Ilex paraguariensis, I. latifolia, I. vomitoria, I. guayusa, I. kudingcha, and combinations thereof. 16. The plant extract composition may be selected from the group consisting of pepper (Piper nigrum), cardamomum (Elettaria cardamomum), Amomum subulatum (Amomum subulatum), anise (Pimpinella anisum), Angelica archangelica, ginger (Zingiber officinale), ginger (Zingiber mioga), parsley (Petroselinum crispum), Petroselinum segetu, coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Coriandrum tordylium, fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), summer savory (Satureia hortensis), winter savory (Satureia montana), clove (Syzygium 16. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1 to 15, comprising at least one plant of a species selected from the group consisting of: 17. The plant extract composition may be selected from the group consisting of guarana (Paullinia cupana), acai (Euterpe oleracea), ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), rose species, horseradish (Moringa oleifera), magnolia (Magnolia officinalis), olive (Olea europaea), sophora japonica, saffron (Crocus sativus), St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), Polygonum multiflorum, Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum), citrus species, apple species, grape species, cherry species, litchi (Litchi chinensis), Vaccinium species, Lycium longum (Lycium 17. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1-16, comprising at least one of the following plants: Aronia melanocarpa, Aronia arbutifolia, Aronia prunifolia, Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Anise (Pimpinella anisum), Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Soybean (Glycine max), Walnut species, Cornus species, Capsicum species, and combinations thereof. 18. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1 to 17, wherein at least one water-soluble extract is derived from at least one of the roots, rhizomes, stems, bark, twigs, leaves, flowers, fruits or seeds of the plant. 19. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1 to 18, wherein at least one water-soluble extract comprises at least one polyphenol. 20. The orally ingestible composition of clause 19, wherein the polyphenol is selected from the group including flavonoids, phenolic acids, curcuminoids, lignans, stilbenes, phenolic terpenes, glycosides, glucuronides, depsides, and combinations thereof. 21. The orally ingestible composition of clause 20, wherein the flavonoid is selected from the group comprising flavanols, flavones, flavonols, flavanones, isoflavones, anthocyanidins, gallates, glycosides, polymers and any combination thereof. 22. The orally ingestible composition of clause 21, wherein the flavanol is selected from the group comprising catechin, epicatechin, catechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, and any combination thereof. 23. The orally ingestible composition of clause 21, wherein the flavone is selected from the group consisting of luteolin, apigenin, tangeritin, chrysin and any combination thereof. 24. The orally ingestible composition of clause 21, wherein the flavonol is selected from the group consisting of quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, rutin and any combination thereof. 25. The orally ingestible composition of clause 21, wherein the flavanone is selected from the group consisting of eriodictyol, hesperetin, naringenin, and any combination thereof. 26. The orally ingestible composition of clause 21, wherein the isoflavone is selected from the group consisting of genistein, daidzein and any combination thereof. 27. The orally ingestible composition of clause 21, wherein the anthocyanidin is selected from the group comprising cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, aurantidin, capensinidin, europinidin, hirsutidine, peonidin, petunidin, pulcheridin, rosinidin, and any combination thereof. 28. The orally ingestible composition of clause 20, wherein the phenolic acid is selected from the group consisting of rosmarinic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, salicylic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, chlorogenic acid, coumaric acid, and any combination thereof. 29. The orally ingestible composition of clause 20, wherein the curcuminoid is selected from the group consisting of bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin, curcumin and any combination thereof. 30. The orally ingestible composition of clause 20, wherein the lignan is selected from the group comprising lariciresinol, pinoresinol, matairesinol, syringaresinol, sesamin, sesaminol and any combination thereof. 31. The orally ingestible composition of clause 20, wherein the stilbene is selected from the group consisting of resveratrol, pterostilbene, and any combination thereof. 32. The orally ingestible composition of clause 20, wherein the phenolic terpene is selected from the group consisting of carnosic acid, rosmanol, carnosol and any combination thereof. 33. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1 to 32, wherein at least one water-soluble extract comprises rosmarinic acid and / or derivatives thereof in an amount between 2.5 mg and 100 mg; carnosol, carnosic acid and / or derivatives thereof in an amount between 0.5 mg and 100 mg; caffeic acid and / or derivatives thereof in an amount between 2.5 mg and 100 mg; and luteolin and / or derivatives thereof in an amount between 2.5 mg and 100 mg, in a total amount of 500 mg or less. 34. (i) Caffeine with a total caffeine content between 25 mg and 300 mg; (ii) an orally ingestible composition comprising a plant extract composition comprising at least one water-soluble extract from a plant and / or at least one essential oil from the same or a different plant, The plant extract composition is between 1 mg and 500 mg; the plant extract composition is an orally ingestible composition derived from a plant of the genus Salvia. 35. The orally ingestible composition of clause 34, comprising between 1 mg and 25 mg of at least one essential oil. 36. At least one water-soluble extract comprises rosmarinic acid and / or its derivatives in an amount of 2.5 mg to 100 mg; carnosol, carnosic acid and / or its derivatives in an amount between 0.5 mg and 100 mg; Caffeic acid and / or its derivatives in an amount between 2.5 mg and 100 mg; and 36. The orally ingestible composition of clause 34 or 35, comprising luteolin and / or derivatives thereof in an amount between 2.5 mg and 100 mg, in a total amount not exceeding 500 mg. 37. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1-36, wherein the plant extract composition is a sage (S. officinalis) extract composition comprising rosmarinic acid in an amount of about 3.5 mg to 50 mg. 38. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1-37, comprising about 150 mg of a plant extract composition, the plant extract composition being a sage (S. officinalis) extract composition comprising rosmarinic acid in an amount of about 7.8 mg and total polyphenols in an amount of about 27 mg. 39. The orally ingestible composition of clauses 1-37, comprising about 250 mg of a plant extract composition, the plant extract composition being a sage (S. officinalis) extract composition comprising rosmarinic acid in an amount of about 12.9 mg and total polyphenols in an amount of about 45 mg. 40. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1 to 39, wherein the orally ingestible composition comprises about 60 to 75 mg of caffeine. 41. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 28, 33 and 36 to 40, wherein the rosmarinic acid derivative comprises lithospermic acid, salvianolic acid or any combination thereof. 42. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 32, 33 and 36-41, wherein the carnosol derivative or carnosic acid derivative comprises ferruginol, salvicanol, pisiferic acid or any combination thereof. 43. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 28, 33 and 36-42, wherein the caffeic acid derivative comprises caffeoylquinic acid, ferulic acid, feruloylquinic acid or any combination thereof. 44. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 23, 33, and 36-43, wherein the luteolin derivative includes luteolin and its glycoside, apigenin and its glycoside, myricetin and its glucoside, quercetin and its glycoside, kaempferol and its glycoside, salvigenin and its glycoside, diosmetin and its glycoside, baicalin and its glycoside, santin and its glycoside, dinatin and its glycoside, nepitrine and its glycoside, or any combination thereof. 45. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1 to 44, wherein the orally ingestible composition is a liquid composition. 46. ​​The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1 to 45, wherein the orally ingestible composition is in the form of a beverage. 47. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1 to 46, wherein the orally ingestible composition is in the form of a carbonated beverage. 48. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1 to 46, wherein the orally ingestible composition is in the form of a non-carbonated beverage. 49. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1 to 45, wherein the orally ingestible composition is in the form of a liquid concentrate. 50. The orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1 to 44, wherein the orally ingestible composition is in the form of a solid composition. 51. An orally ingestible composition according to clause 50, in the form of a powder, granules, capsule, tablet, pressed or compressed soluble solid form, food additive or foodstuff. 52. A method for providing a cognitive benefit to a human subject, the method comprising orally administering to the subject an orally ingestible composition according to any one of clauses 1 to 51. 53. The method of clause 52, wherein the cognitive benefit is selected from the group comprising improved performance, improved attention, improved memory, improved alertness, improved calmness, reduced stress, reduced mental fatigue, and any combination thereof. 54. The method of clause 52 or 53, further comprising the step of assessing cognitive function of the subject before and / or after the subject has ingested the orally ingestible composition of any one of clauses 1 to 5.

[0121] While certain particular embodiments have been shown and described, it should be understood that changes and modifications can be made in accordance with ordinary skill in the art without departing from the invention.

Claims

1. (i)At least one water-soluble extract derived from a plant; and / or (ii)At least one essential oil derived from the same or different plants; and / or (iii)Caffeine derived from a source other than (i) and / or (ii); An orally ingestible composition comprising, (i)and / or (ii) forms a plant extract composition; and the ratio of total caffeine to the plant extract composition is 1:20 to 40:1 by weight (w / w), an orally ingestible composition.

2. The at least one essential oil comprises terpenes, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, esters, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, phenols and oxides and their derivatives and / or combinations, the orally ingestible composition according to claim 1.

3. When both the essential oil and the at least one water-soluble extract are present, the ratio of the at least one essential oil to the at least one water-soluble extract is 1:100 to 1:4, the orally ingestible composition according to claim 1 or 2.

4. The at least one essential oil comprises a plant essential oil derived from the roots, rhizomes, stems, barks, twigs, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds and combinations thereof of the plant, the orally ingestible composition according to claim 1 or 2.

5. The plant extract composition is selected from the group consisting of Salvia, Eucalyptus, Mint, Thymus, Ocimum, Cinnamomum, Elettaria, Amomum, Trifolium, Schisandra, Zingiber, Piper, Petroselinum, Coendro, Wikstroemia, Ficus, Celery, Camellia, Coffee, Cocoa, Ilex, Guarana, Ytterbium, Ginkgo, Epimedium, Mentha piperita, Asparagus, Rose, Wasabia japonica, Magnolia, Olive, Clara, Crocus, Viola, Rumex, Citrus, Apple, Grape, Cherry, Jujube, Acer, Kuko, Dutch strawberry, Pomegranate, Sugi, Nasturtium, Aronia, Wikstroemia, Trifolium, Scutellaria, Turmeric, Soybean, Walnut, Gekitso, Capsicum and combinations thereof, the orally ingestible composition according to claim 1 or 2.

6. The oral ingestible composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plant extract composition contains Salvia species, and the Salvia species are selected from Sage (S. officinalis), Spanish Sage (S. lavandulifolia), Rosemary (S. rosmarinus) (Rosmarinus officinalis), Chia (S. hispanica), Salvia colombariæ, Salvia polystachya, Salvia bowleyana, Salvia cavaleriei, Salvia chinensis, Salvia flava, Salvia prionitis, Salvia sonchifolia, Salvia yunnanensis, Danshen (S. miltiorrhiza), Salvia multicaulis and Salvia divinorum.

7. The oral ingestible composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plant extract composition contains Eucalyptus species, and the Eucalyptus species are selected from the group consisting of Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus cneorifolia, Eucalyptus divides, Eucalyptus dumosa, Eucalyptus goniocalyx, Eucalyptus horistes, Eucalyptus kochii, Eucalyptus leucoxylon, Eucalyptus largiflorens, Eucalyptus oleosa, Eucalyptus polybractea, Eucalyptus radiata, Eucalyptus rossii, Eucalyptus sideroxylon, Eucalyptus smithii, Eucalyptus staigeriana, Eucalyptus tereticornis, Eucalyptus viridis and combinations thereof.

8. The oral ingestible composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plant extract composition contains a mint species, and the mint species is selected from the group consisting of peppermint (Mentha piperita), spearmint (M. spicata), bergamot mint (M. citrata), and combinations thereof.

9. The oral ingestible composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plant extract composition contains a thyme species, and the thyme species is selected from the group consisting of Thymus vulgaris, T. zygis, Thymus serpyllum, lemon thyme (T. citriodorus), T. praecox, woolly thyme (T. pseudolanuginosus), and combinations thereof.

10. The oral ingestible composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plant extract composition contains an Ocimum species, and the Ocimum species is selected from the group consisting of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum), lemon basil (O. citriodorus), Ocimum kilimandscharicum, lime basil (O. Americanum), Indian basil (O. gratissimum), holy basil (O. tenuiflorum), and combinations thereof.

11. (i) Caffeine with a total caffeine content between 25 mg and 300 mg; (ii) An oral ingestible composition comprising a plant extract composition containing at least one water-soluble extract derived from plants and / or at least one essential oil derived from the same or different plants, wherein the plant extract composition is between 1 mg and 500 mg; The oral ingestible composition, wherein the plant extract composition is derived from plants of the genus Salvia.

12. The oral ingestible composition according to claim 11, comprising 1 mg to 25 mg of the at least one essential oil.

13. The at least one water-soluble extract is rosmarinic acid and / or its derivatives in an amount of 2.5 mg to 100 mg; carnosol, carnosic acid and / or its derivatives in an amount of 0.5 mg to 100 mg; caffeic acid and / or its derivatives in an amount of 2.5 mg to 100 mg, and An orally ingestible composition according to claim 11 or 12, comprising luteolin and / or its derivative in an amount of 2.5 mg to 100 mg and having a total amount of 500 mg or less.

14. The orally ingestible composition according to any one of claims 1, 2, 11 and 12, wherein the plant extract composition is a sage (S. officinalis) extract composition containing rosmarinic acid in an amount of 3.5 mg to 50 mg.

15. An orally ingestible composition according to any one of claims 1, 2, 11 and 12, comprising 150 mg of the plant extract composition, wherein the plant extract composition is a sage (S. officinalis) extract composition containing rosmarinic acid in an amount of 7.8 mg and total polyphenols in an amount of 27 mg.

16. An orally ingestible composition according to any one of claims 1, 2, 11 and 12, comprising 250 mg of the plant extract composition, wherein the plant extract composition is a sage (S. officinalis) extract composition containing rosmarinic acid in an amount of 12.9 mg and total polyphenols in an amount of 45 mg.

17. The orally ingestible composition according to any one of claims 1, 2, 11 and 12, comprising 60 to 75 mg of caffeine.

18. A method for providing a benefit related to cognitive function to a human subject, the method comprising orally administering to the subject an orally ingestible composition according to any one of claims 1, 2, 11 and 12.

19. The benefit related to cognitive function according to claim 18 is selected from the group comprising improvement in performance, improvement in attention, improvement in memory, improvement in vigilance, improvement in calmness, reduction in stress, reduction in mental fatigue and any combination thereof.

20. The method according to claim 18 further comprises the step of evaluating the cognitive function of the subject before and / or after the subject ingests the orally ingestible composition.

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