Composite foam glass elements and their uses

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composite foam glass element, in particular to at least one, preferably a plurality of foam glass bodies (2; 12; 22; 32; 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d; 52, 52a, 52b, 52c; 62, 62a, 62b, 62c, 62d; 72; 82; 92; 102; 112; 122; 132; 142; 152; 162; 172; 192; 212; 222; 242; 252; 282, 282a; 292, 292a; 302, 302a) and at least one reinforcing element (3, 4, 5, 6, 9; 19; 23, 24, 25; 33, 34, 35, 36; 43, 44, 46, 50; 54, 56, 60; 66, 69, 70; 73, 74, 75, 76, 7, 78, 79; 83, 85, 86, 87, 88; 93, 94, 95, 96; 103, 106, 109; 113; 123; 133; 143, 145, 146 ,148,149;153,154,155,156,157;163,164,165,166,168,169;173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180;193,194,195,196,197;203,204,205,206,207;213,214,215,216;223,224,225,226;246,249;253) and at least and at least one reinforcing element arranged such that a compressive stress is applied to one or more of the foam glass bodies along at least one direction by the reinforcing element and / or two or more of the foam glass bodies are connected to each other by the at least one reinforcing element, as well as structures produced from the composite foam glass element, and methods of producing and using the same.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to composite foam glass elements, particularly composite foam glass panel elements having at least one, and preferably a plurality, of foam glass bodies or foam glass panels, as well as structures made from the composite foam glass elements, methods of making and using the same. [Background technology]

[0002] Foam glass panels are already known in the art and are mainly used as thermal insulation. Due to the structure of foam glass consisting of multiple pores surrounded by a glass matrix, foam glass has excellent properties, especially thermal insulation properties. Foam glass has a high compressive strength for its weight, is chemically resistant, watertight and steamtight due to its closed pores, non-flammable and pest-repellent, has low thermal conductivity and is durable. Moreover, foam glass panels can now be produced ecologically, sustainably and economically from 100% recycled glass. The panel size is 3m x 1.5m and is already possible to produce on an industrial scale.

[0003] However, the tensile strength of foam glass is relatively low, and foam glass is relatively brittle, so that the areas of use or application are limited.

[0004] In addition, the production of foam glass sheets, i.e. foam glass bodies with defined shapes and dimensions, in which the arrangement of individual foam glass particles can be defined, is very complicated, since they must be cooled very slowly to avoid residual stress cracks during cooling.Therefore, foam glass is also frequently used as foam glass gravel, which has a plurality of foam glass particles with no defined shape, which is easy to produce for the corresponding reasons and can also be used as a thermal insulation material.

[0005] Due to the complicated manufacturing process and the low fracture strength and brittle nature of foam glass panels, their use is still limited despite their excellent properties such as thermal insulation, non-combustibility, compressive strength, and low specific gravity. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] The object of the present invention is therefore to improve or expand the application possibilities of foam glass or foam glass panels without compromising the existing advantageous properties, in particular to overcome or at least reduce the disadvantageous properties related to low tensile strength, especially in applications involving bending stresses. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] This problem is solved by a composite foam glass element having the features of claim 1, a structure having the features of claim 19 and a method having the features of claim 25. Advantageous embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

[0008] According to the present invention, a composite foam glass element, in particular a composite foam glass panel element, is proposed, which has at least one, preferably several foam glass bodies and at least one reinforcing element, the at least one reinforcing element being arranged to apply a compressive stress to the one or several foam glass bodies along at least one direction. The application of the compressive stress counteracts the tensile stresses that may lead to the breakage of the foam glass body or bodies, and when several foam glass bodies are pressed against each other in the composite foam glass element by the reinforcing element, correspondingly high frictional forces arise at the interfaces of the foam glass bodies, so that the composite foam glass element as a whole has high strength and rigidity. The composite foam glass element can therefore be used under tensile loads, in particular bending loads. Due to the improved mechanical properties compared to simple foam glass panels, the composite foam glass element can replace traditional building materials such as concrete or wood. Considering the fact that cement production requires a large amount of energy and produces a significant amount of CO2 emissions (about 10% of the world's CO2 emissions occur during cement production), the composite foam glass element according to the invention is very advantageous in terms of energy consumption and CO2 emissions compared to conventional building materials, since the glass material is not completely melted during production, but only heated to about 800 °C in the presence of additives. Furthermore, foam glass is an excellent thermal insulator, is non-combustible and can be protected from weathering by cladding. It is also significantly lighter than conventional building materials, so less energy is required for transportation and installation. Finally, the reinforcing / tensile elements penetrating the foam glass body forming the composite foam glass element are better protected against thermal material fatigue in the event of a fire.

[0009] As a result, the composite foam glass element according to the invention combines the low energy consumption, low CO2 emissions, thermal insulation, fire resistance and recyclability of foam glass with the mechanical stability (compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength) required for the construction of buildings, so that the invention provides a future-oriented building material for many applications.

[0010] The foam glass body contained in the composite foam glass element according to the present invention can be understood to mean a body integrally formed from foam glass and / or having a homogeneous structure, in which a plurality of enclosed pores are surrounded by a glass matrix, which may be open or closed pores, in which case fluids such as water cannot penetrate into the pores from the outside.

[0011] The foam glass bodies of the composite foam glass element may be configured with varying foam glass body properties. For example, the density of the foam glass body may be varied so that a foam glass body with a higher density may be used in certain areas of the composite foam glass element, and a foam glass body with a lower density may be used in other areas. Thus, the elastic modulus of the foam glass body may also be different and adapted to the intended use. Thus, several different foam glass bodies may be used in the composite foam glass element, with different other properties, such as open or closed porosity. This means that it is possible to use only the same foam glass body in the composite foam glass element, or to use foam glass bodies with different properties.

[0012] The foam glass bodies of the composite foam glass element can all be of the same shape and / or size, however, multiple different foam glass bodies of different shapes and / or sizes can also be contained in the composite foam glass element.

[0013] The foam glass bodies can have defined shapes and dimensions that allow the corresponding foam glass bodies to be arranged in a defined manner in the composite foam glass element. In particular, the dimensions can be selected to allow the formation of composite foam glass elements that are suitable for design and structural use for the manufacture of structures or parts of structures, in particular buildings or parts of buildings. A wide range of dimensions is possible for both the foam glass bodies used and the composite foam glass elements formed from the foam glass bodies, but the minimum dimension of the foam glass body or composite foam glass element can be in the range of 1 cm, 5 cm or 10 cm or more, and the maximum dimension of the foam glass body or composite foam glass element can be in the range of several tens of cm, for example 50 cm, 1 m, 2 m, 5 m, 10 m or more. The minimum or minimal dimension of the foam glass body or composite foam glass element represents the dimension of the foam glass body or composite foam glass element with the smallest extension, which can be, for example, in the thickness direction or width direction, while the maximum dimension of the foam glass body or composite foam glass element is the dimension of the foam glass body or composite foam glass element with the largest extension, and the length direction can be defined accordingly.

[0014] The foam glass body can be any shape, but has a defined predefined shape. In particular, the foam glass body of the composite foam glass element according to the present invention can have the shape of a cube, a cube-like body, a cube-like body, a cube, a prism, a pyramid, a parallelepiped, a tetrahedron, a polyhedron, a cylinder, a hollow cylinder, a body of revolution, a circular body, a disk-like body and / or a ring-like body.

[0015] The foam glass body can have at least one flat surface, and / or at least two surfaces aligned parallel to each other, and / or surfaces of any three-dimensional shape, of which the adjacent surfaces (contact surfaces) of adjacent foam glass bodies are designed to be flat and complementary to each other so that a stack or general masonry of foam glass bodies can be formed to produce a composite foam glass element. Thus, the opposing surfaces of the foam glass bodies can be configured to be complementary to each other, and the contact surface of the foam glass body can be adapted to the contact surface of another foam glass body of a different design. Then, another foam glass body can be placed on at least one contact surface. In the case of more than one contact surface or surfaces that are flat or complementary to each other, the foam glass bodies can be placed in rows and / or columns on top of each other and / or behind each other and / or next to each other to form composite foam glass elements of different shapes. Preferably, the surface of the foam glass body can be configured as the contact surface that represents the largest surface to maximize the mutual friction force of the foam glass bodies that contact each other.

[0016] When the contact surfaces of the foam glass bodies are configured to be complementary to each other, the foam glass bodies can have a first contact surface on one side and a second contact surface on the opposite side configured to be complementary to the first contact surface, so that the foam glass bodies can be arranged in a multiplicity, masonry or stack. The contact surface can have convexities and / or concavities. If the contact surface is defined by a plane extending in the x and y directions in a Cartesian coordinate system, the convexities and / or concavities extend in the z direction perpendicular to the xy plane. In addition to a completely arbitrary arrangement of the convexities and / or concavities, the convexities and / or concavities can be periodically repeated in one or both directions of the xy plane, i.e., in the x or y direction, so that the contact surface can have an undulating or sawtooth or nub-like surface shape.

[0017] The foam glass bodies in the composite foam glass element can be stacked on top of each other and / or behind each other and / or next to each other and / or in the manner of masonry, without any binder such as mortar provided in masonry being placed between the foam glass bodies. In particular, the foam glass bodies in the composite foam glass element can be at least partially free of material connection, but preferably free of material bond at all, and the corresponding composite foam glass element can also be easily recycled, since the foam glass bodies, the reinforcing elements and their components can be easily re-separated from each other.

[0018] The type of arrangement of the foam glass bodies in the composite foam glass element can be performed in various ways. In particular, known types of masonry masonry such as load-bearing, long-legged, edge-laid, cross-laid, etc. can be formed. Furthermore, simple stacking is also possible, in which the foam glass bodies are provided in single or multi-layer stacks in which the individual foam glass bodies are arranged one on top of the other or in rows. The foam glass bodies can be arranged in rows, stacked, aligned on top of each other and / or staggered with respect to each other.

[0019] The foam glass bodies may be at least partially in direct contact with one another in the composite foam glass element, or at least partial separating elements, for example in the form of a sheet or foil, may be at least partially provided between adjacent foam glass bodies. The sheet or foil may be made of paper, cardboard, rubber or plastic, for example polyisobutylene, fabrics such as woven, crocheted, knitted, braided, sewn, nonwoven or felt, or other suitable materials. The separating elements may be configured to penetrate the rough surface of the foam glass bodies and be elastically or plastically deformable, on the one hand, to prevent the foam glass bodies abutting each other from damaging each other, and on the other hand, to increase the frictional forces between the foam glass bodies in order to strengthen the cohesion of the foam glass bodies in the composite foam glass element and thus the strength of the composite foam glass element. The additional stabilization provided by the separating elements may be reinforced by the surface structure of the foam glass bodies. The foam glass bodies may be cut and preferably polished to obtain a flat surface. By cutting and / or grinding, the microcavities (pores) near the surface are destroyed, and the remnants of the walls surrounding these microcavities protrude sharply from the macroscopically flat surface. The penetration of these microscopic protruding edges into the separating elements arranged on the surface (or between two foam glass bodies) can create a hook-and-loop-like static friction between the separating elements and the respective foam glass bodies, which can contribute to stabilizing the wall elements formed from stacked foam glass bodies against laterally acting forces (arrows in FIG. 1) without the additional use of adhesives or mortars, so that such wall elements can also be completely dismantled again and the foam glass bodies can be reused accordingly. This makes the composite foam glass element not only advantageous in terms of energy, but also a sustainable building material. Concrete slabs need reinforcement to be sufficiently resistant to shear forces. However, a significant proportion of the reinforcement is due to the high self-weight of the concrete.In contrast, the composite foam glass element according to the present invention has a very low self weight or specific gravity, and for this reason alone the reinforcing elements in the composite foam glass element can be selected with a low volume and weight proportion in terms of their number and dimensions, but the friction forces between the foam glass bodies and the separating elements forming the composite foam glass element can provide additional resistance to lateral forces due to the high static friction forces, as a result of which the proportion of reinforcing elements can be even lower.

[0020] The at least one reinforcing element forming the composite foam glass element together with one or more foam glass bodies can also be configured in a wide variety of shapes, in particular so as to absorb tensile forces in one or more directions or to exert compressive forces on the glass bodies arranged with the reinforcing element. In particular, the at least one reinforcing element of the composite foam glass element according to the invention can be configured as a band, cable, strand, fiber, wire, strip, strap, bar, rod, profile bar, threaded rod, tube, cylinder, girder, cross-section beam, T-beam, double T-beam, plate, plate with at least partially curved edges, U-shaped bar, frame element, two-dimensional or three-dimensional frame element, in particular rectangular or quadrilateral frame element, yoke, two-dimensional or three-dimensional truss, bolt, tensioning element, clamping element, spring, plastically deformable holding element, etc.

[0021] The reinforcing element may be configured as a single component or may be configured from a plurality of components, which may in particular be formed by the above-mentioned elements. The reinforcing element or the components of the reinforcing element may be combined and connected to one another in any suitable manner, and may be force-, form- and / or material-connected. For example, screw-, clamp-, weld- or adhesive-connected may be realized between the reinforcing elements and / or the components of the reinforcing element.

[0022] The reinforcing elements can be made of any suitable material, in particular metallic materials such as steel, in particular stainless steel, stainless steel or other conventional metal alloys. Furthermore, carbon materials or plastics such as nylon or polyester, or fibrous materials such as carbon fibre or carbon fibre reinforced plastics can also be used for the reinforcing elements. Natural materials such as hemp fibres and other natural materials such as basalt, stone slabs, etc. Furthermore, glass, ceramics and ceramic composite materials can also be used, for example to form panel elements.

[0023] At least one reinforcing element can be elastically deformable so as to apply compressive stress to at least one foam glass body of the composite foam glass element. When a reinforcing element having multiple reinforcing elements and / or multiple components is used, at least one reinforcing element or at least one component, preferably multiple reinforcing elements or multiple components, can be elastically deformable. Thus, at least one reinforcing element or its component can be subjected to tensile stress in the composite foam glass element.

[0024] At least one reinforcing element can be arranged in the composite foam glass element so as to at least partially penetrate at least one foam glass body. When multiple foam glass bodies are joined to form a composite foam glass element, at least one reinforcing element, in particular multiple reinforcing elements, can also at least partially penetrate the foam glass body and have corresponding penetrations or openings for this purpose. The reinforcing element can also penetrate the foam glass body almost completely, in which case only a small part protrudes from the corresponding foam glass body, for example for connection to a further reinforcing element, such as a plate. Furthermore, at least one reinforcing element can also be arranged along the surface of at least one foam glass body.

[0025] In particular, multiple reinforcing elements of a composite foam glass element can cooperate such that, for example, plates, bands or frame elements disposed on the surface of the foam glass body or composite foam glass element are connected to one another with cables, rods, bars, bands, wires, etc. passing through the foam glass bodies, and the foam glass bodies disposed therebetween through which the reinforcing elements pass are pressed against one another.

[0026] For placing at least one reinforcing element on at least one foam glass body, a corresponding receiving portion such as a recess may be provided on the surface of one or more foam glass bodies. For example, a band provided on the surface as a reinforcing element may extend into a corresponding groove so as to form a smooth or flat surface of the composite foam glass element.

[0027] At least one reinforcing element may in particular extend in an annular manner around the foam glass body of the composite foam glass element, whereby the annular reinforcing element may compress the foam glass body from all sides. By arranging a plurality of annular reinforcing elements, which may extend parallel to one another and / or cross one another, compressive stresses can be accumulated in the foam glass body from several, in particular all, sides of the composite foam glass element, resulting in the formation of a compact masonry.

[0028] The composite foam glass element can be designed in a wide variety of shapes similar to the foam glass body forming the composite foam glass element, thereby providing in particular a rectangular or rectangular-analogous design. Such a composite foam glass element thus has a width, a length and a height, whereby the main faces of such a rectangular or rectangular-analogous composite foam glass element extend in the direction with the greatest dimension, for example in height and length or width and length. The other faces form the corresponding end faces. The reinforcing elements can preferably be arranged in such a design of the composite foam glass element such that the foam glass body is at least in the direction of the greatest extension or greatest dimension of the composite foam glass element. For example, reinforcing elements in the form of rods, bars, wires, cables or bands run in the length direction, and reinforcing elements in the form of plates or bands, whereby compressive stresses are transferred to the foam glass body, are arranged correspondingly at the end faces.

[0029] The surfaces of the composite foam glass elements may be at least partially coated and / or covered to accommodate different application areas.

[0030] Additionally, the composite foam glass element or the foam glass body present on the surface of the composite foam glass element can have a structured surface, whereby a wide variety of structures are envisioned, for example, convex and / or concave curvatures and / or blind holes and / or steps and / or undercuts and / or sawtooth steps, etc. may be provided on the surface of the composite foam glass element.

[0031] The corresponding composite foam glass elements can be used for various applications, for example as wall and / or ceiling and / or floor elements, as floating bodies, as cladding elements, as tunnel lining elements or as sound insulation elements in structures or buildings. Other applications are also envisaged. Structures are understood to mean any structures that can also be moved.

[0032] Protection is therefore also claimed for structures comprising at least one, preferably several, composite foam glass elements, in particular of the above-mentioned type.

[0033] To connect multiple composite foam glass elements in a structure, the structure may include at least one, preferably multiple, connecting elements to which the composite foam glass elements are connected. The connecting elements may be configured similarly to the reinforcing elements that connect the foam glass bodies within the composite foam glass elements. However, other connecting elements, including material connections, are also contemplated. In general, the composite foam glass elements may be connected to each other in any suitable manner, by force connections, form connections, and / or material connections.

[0034] In particular, the connecting elements can consist of bands, cables, wires, strips, rods, profile bars, threaded rods, plates, plates with at least partially curved edges, U-shaped bars, frame elements, two-dimensional or three-dimensional, in particular rectangular or cuboid, frame elements, yokes, two-dimensional and three-dimensional trusses, bolts, tensioning elements, clamping elements, plastically deformable holding elements, etc.

[0035] The connecting element may be made up of several parts and may then be formed by components which can also be used as individual connecting elements, as already explained for the reinforcing elements.

[0036] Like the reinforcing elements of the composite foam glass elements, the connecting elements are also elastically deformable and in particular can be at least partially subjected to tensile stress in the structure, so that the composite foam glass elements are connected to one another under compressive stress.

[0037] The composite foam glass elements of the present invention can be used to form a variety of structures or buildings, such as walls, floors and / or ceilings of buildings, sound barriers, pontoons, floating houses, tunnel linings, and the like. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0038] In the accompanying drawings: [Figure 1] 1 is a first embodiment of a composite foam glass element according to the present invention. [Diagram 2]FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 1; [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a composite foam glass element according to the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a side view of a third embodiment of a composite foam glass element according to the present invention. [Diagram 5] FIG. 2 is a side view of a fourth embodiment of a composite foam glass element according to the present invention. [Figure 6] FIG. 13 is a partially exploded view of a fifth embodiment of a composite foam glass element according to the present invention. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a first embodiment of a structure according to the invention in the form of a sound barrier comprising a plurality of composite foam glass elements according to FIG. 6. [Figure 8] FIG. 7 shows a sixth embodiment of a composite foam glass element according to the invention, similar to the representation of the embodiment of FIG. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a detailed view of a portion of the composite foam glass element of FIG. [Figure 10] A second embodiment of a sound barrier comprising a plurality of the composite foam glass elements of FIG. 8. [Figure 11] 9. A seventh embodiment of a composite foam glass element according to the present invention, similar to the embodiment of FIGS. [Figure 12] A third embodiment of a sound barrier comprising a plurality of the composite foam glass elements of FIG. [Figure 13] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a portion of a further composite foam glass element according to the present invention. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 is a detailed view of the composite foam glass element of FIG. [Figure 15] FIG. 2 is a further partial perspective view of a composite foam glass element according to the present invention. [Figure 16] FIG. 2 is a further partial perspective view of a composite foam glass element according to the present invention. [Figure 17] FIG. 2 is a further perspective view of a composite foam glass element according to the present invention. [Figure 18] FIG. 2 is a further perspective view of a composite foam glass element according to the present invention. [Figure 19] FIG. 2 is a further perspective view of a composite foam glass element according to the present invention. [Figure 20]FIG. 2 is a further perspective view of a composite foam glass element according to the present invention. [Figure 21] FIG. 2 is a further partially cut-away perspective view showing a composite foam glass element according to the present invention. [Figure 22] 1 is a partially cutaway view of a further composite foam glass element according to the present invention, where for clarity some of the foam glass bodies are not shown. [Diagram 23] FIG. 23 is a detailed perspective view of a portion of the composite foam glass element of FIG. 22. [Figure 24] 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a further composite foam glass element according to the present invention, where for clarity some of the foam glass bodies are not shown; [Diagram 25] 1 is a further perspective view of a composite foam glass element according to the present invention, where for clarity some foam glass bodies are not shown. [Figure 26] 1 is a further perspective view of a composite foam glass element according to the present invention, where for clarity some foam glass bodies are not shown. [Figure 27] FIG. 27 shows the composite foam glass element of FIG. 26 from another perspective. [Figure 28] FIG. 28 is a partial detailed perspective view of the composite foam glass element of the present invention of FIGS. 26 and 27. [Figure 29] FIG. 2 is a partial detailed perspective view showing a composite foam glass element according to the present invention. [Diagram 30] FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a band-shaped reinforcing element with tensioning elements. [Diagram 31] FIG. 31 is a partial perspective view of a composite foam glass element according to the present invention with a reinforcing element according to the embodiment of FIG. 30. [Diagram 32] FIG. 2 shows a further reinforcing element in the form of an elastically stretchable band with clamping elements for fixing the band. [Diagram 33] FIG. 2 shows a further composite foam glass element according to the present invention. [Diagram 34] FIG. 1 shows a portion of a tunnel lining made with composite foam glass elements according to the present invention. [Diagram 35]FIG. 35 is a perspective view of a composite foam glass element used as part of the tunnel lining of FIG. [Diagram 36] FIG. 37 is a partial perspective view of the composite foam glass element of FIG. 36. [Figure 37] FIG. 38 shows the arrangement of the composite foam glass elements of FIGS. 36 and 37 as a tunnel lining. [Figure 38] FIG. 39 is a further perspective view showing a composite foam glass element that can be used as part of a tunnel lining according to FIGS. 34 and 38. [Figure 39] FIG. 40 is a detailed perspective view showing the placement of the composite foam glass elements of FIGS. 36, 37 and 39 within a tunnel. [Diagram 40] Further embodiment of a tunnel lining using composite foam glass elements according to the invention. [Diagram 41] 2 is another embodiment of a tunnel lining further comprising a composite foam glass element according to the present invention. [Diagram 42] FIG. 43 shows the composite foam glass element of the tunnel lining of FIG. [Diagram 43] FIG. 1 shows a building using composite foam glass elements according to the present invention. [Diagram 44] FIG. 1 shows a high rise building with a facade made of composite foam glass elements according to the present invention. [Diagram 45] FIG. 1 shows a masonry construction of two different foam glass bodies with contact surfaces that are configured complementary to each other. [Figure 46] Further diagram showing the masonry of two different foam glass bodies with contact surfaces that are configured complementary to each other. [Figure 47] Another view showing the masonry of two different foam glass bodies with contact surfaces that are configured complementary to each other. [Figure 48] FIG. 1 shows a building on a pontoon, where both the building or part of it and the pontoon are made of composite foam glass elements according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0039] Further advantages, features and characteristics of the present invention will become apparent in the following detailed description of the embodiments, to which, however, the present invention is not limited.

[0040] FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a composite foam glass element 1 according to the invention, which can be used, for example, as a ceiling or roof element of a building or in any other form as a beam or girder. The composite foam glass element 1 is supported at its two ends by two supports 8, and the arrows in FIG. 1 indicate that the structure of the composite foam glass element 1 according to the invention allows the composite foam glass element 1 to withstand bending stresses due to the application of a load in the center between the two supports 8. The composite foam glass element 1 is composed of a number of rectangular parallelepiped foam glass bodies 2 arranged next to each other, between the individual foam glass bodies 2 separation elements 7 are provided, which separation elements 7 can be made of a compressible, in particular elastically compressible, material, for example a rubber material or a rubber-like plastic.

[0041] The foam glass bodies 2 are connected to each other via threaded rods 3, which are inserted through the foam glass bodies 2 and the separating elements 7. The ends of the threaded rods 3 have threads, into which fasteners in the form of nuts 4 can be screwed. By screwing and tightening the nuts 4, the space between the nuts 4 on the threaded rods 3 can be reduced, and the foam glass bodies 2 and the separating elements 7 are pressed against each other, so that compressive stresses act on the foam glass bodies 2 and the separating elements 7 and tensile stresses act on the elastically deformable threaded rods 3. As already mentioned above, the separating elements exert a considerable static friction between the foam glass bodies, without the need to use glue or mortar. For this reason, the composite foam glass element 1 can be completely disassembled again into its constituent parts after loosening the nuts 4, after which the foam glass bodies and the reinforcing elements can be reused. The composite foam glass element 1 according to the invention is therefore particularly advantageous from the standpoint of sustainability.

[0042] In the illustrated exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1 , a spring element 5 is also disposed between the nut 4 of the composite foam glass element 1 and the last foam glass body 2, which is also tensioned by screwing the nut 4 onto the threaded rod 3, exerting a corresponding compressive stress on the foam glass body 2 and the separating element 7.

[0043] In order to prevent stress peaks being introduced into the foam glass body 2 or the separating element 7 placed at the end of the composite foam glass element 1 by the nut 4 and / or the spring element 5, a pressure distribution plate 6 is arranged on the surface of the composite foam glass element 1 in order to distribute the compressive stress applied to the foam glass body 2 or the separating element 7 by the nut 4 by screwing into the threads of the threaded rod 3 and / or by the spring element 5 over a wider area of ​​the surface of the foam glass body 2 or the separating element 7 attached to the end of the composite foam glass element 1.

[0044] The threaded rod 3 can be guided directly through an opening in the foam glass body 2 and a guide element such as a separating element 7 or a tube can be provided in which the threaded rod 3 can be accommodated. Instead of the threaded rod 3, other reinforcing elements such as cables can also be used.

[0045] As can be seen from Fig. 1, in the illustrated exemplary embodiment, reinforcing elements in the form of threaded rods 3 combined with nuts 4, spring elements 5 and pressure distribution plates 6 are arranged in the lower region of the composite foam glass element 1, shown as a bending beam, in such a way that in the region of maximum tensile stresses during deflection according to the load indicated by the arrows, a counter stress in the form of compressive stresses occurs due to prestressing via the reinforcing elements 3, 4, 5 and 6. This compressive prestress compensates for the tensile stresses applied by bending in this area. Thus, despite the brittle foam glass material, the part does not break.

[0046] Figure 2 shows a composite foam glass element 1 with a number of foam glass bodies 2 and reinforcing / tensioning elements 9 in the form of threaded rods 3, nuts 4, spring elements 5 (not shown separately in Figure 2) arranged on a support 8, but without the arrangement of a pressure distribution plate 6. Here it can be seen that the number of reinforcing elements 9 can be greater in the lower region of the composite foam glass element 1 than in the central part.

[0047] 3 shows a further embodiment of a composite foam glass element 11 according to the present invention, which comprises a plurality of foam glass bodies 12 arranged next to each other behind each other, so that the foam glass bodies 12 are staggered relative to each other in each row, so as to provide a so-called masonry structure, but the material connection between the foam glass bodies 12 is not provided by a bonding material. Furthermore, the composite foam glass element 11 has reinforcing / tensile elements 19 arranged in both the length direction L and the width direction B, so that the foam glass bodies 12 are arranged under compressive stress in both the length direction L and the width direction B, and pressure distribution plates 16 are provided on both the width direction and the length direction.

[0048] Figure 4 shows a further embodiment of a composite foam glass element 21 according to the invention, similar to the view shown in figure 1. Here too, a number of rectangular parallelepiped foam glass bodies 22 are arranged next to each other and separated from each other by a separating element 27 arranged between the foam glass bodies. However, instead of a threaded rod 3 penetrating the foam glass body 2, as used in the composite foam glass element 1 of figure 1, the foam glass body 22 and the separating element 27 of the composite foam glass element 21 are connected by a reinforcing element provided on the outside of the composite foam glass element 21, which has a band 23 in the form of a tension band / tensioning band and a fixing part in the form of a tensioning element 24, by means of which the band 23 is pulled tightly under tensile stress around the foam glass body 22 and the separating element 27, so that they bear against each other under compressive stress. To distribute the pressure exerted by the bands 23 and tensioning elements 24 on the foam glass body 22 and the separating element 27, an L-shaped pressure distribution profile 25 is provided at a corner extending along one edge of the composite foam glass element 1. Alternatively, individual pressure distribution plates can be used. Even with this design, the composite foam glass element 21 can withstand bending stresses as shown in Figure 4, as indicated by the attachment of the composite foam glass element 21 to the support 28 and the application of a load by the arrows in Figure 4.

[0049] FIG. 5 shows another composite foam glass element 31 in the form of a wall element. Here too, several foam glass bodies 32 are placed one on top of the other, separated by a separating element 37 and connected via a reinforcing / tensioning element in the form of a threaded rod 33 screwed at the end with a fastener in the form of a nut 34 (only one threaded rod 33 is shown, but several threaded rods 33 are placed one behind the other in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the image). A spring element 35 and a pressure distribution plate 36 are used to apply a compressive stress to the foam glass bodies 32 and the separating element 37. Such a wall element 31 can also withstand shear stresses, as shown by the arrows in the lower region of the composite foam glass element 31, since the foam glass bodies 32 and the separating element 33 are firmly connected to each other by the compressive stresses applied via the reinforcing elements 33, 34, 35, 36. Such a composite foam glass element can therefore also be used in earthquake-resistant buildings, which must in particular absorb shear forces. However, since the composite foam glass element 31 in the form of a wall element has to absorb lateral forces such as shear forces from both sides, reinforcing elements in the form of threaded rods 33, nuts 34, tensioning elements 35 and pressure distribution plates 36 are arranged in the centre of the composite foam glass element 1 in order to achieve a symmetrical arrangement.

[0050] Fig. 6 shows a fifth exemplary embodiment of a composite foam glass element 41 according to the present invention designed as a part of a sound barrier. The composite foam glass element 41 has a basic shape of a rectangular parallelepiped and has a number of foam glass bodies 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d stacked on top of each other. The composite foam glass element 41 of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 has various foam glass bodies 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d with different shapes.

[0051] Foam glass body 42, which is the topmost foam glass body in the diagram shown in FIG. 1, has a sloped surface on its top longitudinal edge, thereby allowing foam glass body 42 to form a roof structure.

[0052] A foam glass body 42a having a concave recess 47 on one side in the length direction is disposed below the foam glass body 42 disposed as the topmost foam glass body of the composite foam glass element 41. A foam glass body 42b having a convex curved portion 48 is disposed below the foam glass body 42a having the concave recess 47, so that the combination of the foam glass bodies 42a and 42b forms an S-shaped surface. Furthermore, a plurality of foam glass bodies 42a and 42b are alternately disposed on top of each other so that the composite foam glass element 41 has a wavy surface. Together with blind holes that can be provided on the surface, this plays a role in reflecting and absorbing sound waves, thus providing sound insulation. In addition, the sound insulation is improved even if the foam glass bodies 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, and 42d are configured with open holes.

[0053] In the lower region of the composite foam glass element 41, foam glass bodies 42c and 42d of different shapes are further arranged. The foam glass body 42c has a groove 49 along its length, and the foam glass body 42d is designed as a rectangular parallelepiped foam glass body. In the composite foam glass element 41 shown in FIG. 6, two foam glass bodies 5 and 6 are arranged alternately.

[0054] All the foam glass bodies 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d are disposed on a substrate 50, which may be made of, for example, a metal plate.

[0055] Opposite the substrate 50, a cover plate or pressure distribution plate 46 is placed on the top foam glass body 42, which is connected to the substrate 50 via a reinforcing / tensile element in the form of a threaded rod 43. For clarity, in the view shown in FIG. 6, the bottom foam glass body and the two foam glass bodies are shown spaced apart in the upper region to show the threaded rods 43, which of course does not apply to the actual composite foam glass element 41. The threaded rods 43 each have a thread at their end and the substrate 50 can have a corresponding threaded hole into which the rods 43 are screwed. The foam glass bodies 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d have corresponding openings through which the rods 43 are guided, so that the cover plate 46 also has openings, through which the rods 43 protrude with their respective threads at their end. The ends of the rods 43 are screwed in place with fasteners in the form of nuts 44 and a cover plate 46 is pressed against the foam glass bodies 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d such that the entire stack of foam glass bodies 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d is supported via the rods 43, and tension is applied via the threaded connections between the rods 43 and the substrate 50 as well as the cover plate 46 and the nuts 44 so that the foam glass bodies 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d are under compressive stress while the rods 43 are under tensile stress.

[0056] In addition, the composite foam glass element 41 shown in Figure 6 has one foam glass body 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d arranged above the other foam glass bodies 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, but instead of one foam glass body 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, multiple foam glass bodies of the same type can be arranged side by side in a row.

[0057] Figure 7 shows a plurality of composite foam glass elements 41 of Figure 6 arranged next to one another in a wall such that a complete sound barrier 45 is formed, whereby the individual composite foam glass elements 41 of Figure 1 are aligned next to one another. The composite foam glass elements 41 can simply be arranged next to one another or connected to one another, for example by horizontally extending connecting elements, similar to rods 43, that penetrate the composite foam glass elements 41 or run along the surface of the composite foam glass elements 41.

[0058] FIG. 8 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a composite foam glass element 51, which substantially corresponds to the composite foam glass element 41 of the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 6. Instead of the foam glass bodies 42a and 42b of the composite foam glass element 41 of FIG. 6, in the composite foam glass element 51 of FIG. 8, a number of identical foam glass bodies 52a are arranged one on top of the other, which in turn have the basic shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, but have an inclined surface 58 on one of their longitudinal sides, so that the bottom surface of the foam glass body 52a is smaller than the top surface, resulting in a sawtooth surface of the composite foam glass element 51 when the foam glass bodies 52a are stacked on top of each other. Such a surface, together with other possible surface structures such as blind holes, serves to reflect and / or absorb sound waves to form a noise prevention element. As in the case of the composite foam glass element 41, the individual foam glass bodies 52, 52a, 52b, 52c are screwed and tensioned to each other via a top plate 56 and a substrate 60, as well as rods (not shown).

[0059] A detailed view of a portion of the composite foam glass element 51 in Figure 9 shows a threaded rod (not shown) that passes through the foam glass body 52, 52a and a fastener in the form of a nut 54 that can threadably connect the cover plate or pressure distribution plate 56 and the foam glass body 52, 52a. Additionally, Figure 9 shows blind holes 59 in the foam glass body 52a to improve reflection and / or absorption of sound waves.

[0060] FIG. 10 shows a sound barrier 55 similar to the sound barrier 45 of FIG.

[0061] Figure 11 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a composite foam glass element 61 formed by stacking a plurality of foam glass bodies 62, 62a, 62b, 62c, 62d. The exemplary embodiment of Figure 11 differs from the exemplary embodiments of Figures 6 and 8 in that, instead of the foam glass bodies 42a, 62b in the exemplary embodiment of Figure 6 and the foam glass body 52a in the exemplary embodiment of Figure 3, the foam glass bodies 62a, 62b have different widths and base areas, respectively, and the foam glass bodies 62a and 62b are stacked alternately, so that when one of the longitudinal sides of the foam glass bodies 62a and 62b is aligned, a depression 67 and a protrusion 68 are formed on the opposite side of the surface of the composite foam glass element 61, where the depression 67 and the protrusion 68 are each a rectangular parallelepiped configuration. Thus, a structured surface of the composite foam glass element 61 is also configured here, which in turn plays a role in reducing sound by reflecting and / or absorbing sound waves.

[0062] FIG. 12 shows a corresponding sound barrier 65 similar to the sound barriers 45, 55 of embodiments 7 and 10, in which multiple composite foam glass elements 61 are arranged side-by-side.

[0063] FIG. 13 is a partial perspective view of a further embodiment of a composite foam glass element 71 according to the present invention, in which a number of rectangular parallelepiped foam glass bodies 72 are held together by various reinforcing elements acting in different directions. First, truss elements 73 are provided on the main surfaces of the composite foam glass element 71, which span the width and length of the composite foam glass element 71 and are connected to each other via tension elements in the form of tension wires 74 that pass through the foam glass bodies 72, so that the foam glass bodies 72 are tensioned together in the height direction H. Furthermore, two U-shaped members 75, 76 are arranged along the length direction L of the composite foam glass element 71 and are connected to each other via a brace 77. The U-shaped members 75, 76 provided on both sides of the length of the composite foam glass element 71 are connected to each other via reinforcing elements / fastening rods in the form of threaded rods 79 screwed to the U-shaped members with nuts 78, so that the foam glass bodies 72 are also reinforced together in the width direction.

[0064] FIG. 14 shows the reinforcing elements in the form of U-sections 75, 76 and braces 77, as well as threaded rod 79 and nut 78 in more detail.

[0065] Corresponding composite foam glass elements 71 can be used in various applications, in particular as wall, floor or ceiling elements in the construction of various structures or buildings, for example such composite foam glass elements 71 can be used to form floating bodies, so-called pontoons or to construct buildings.

[0066] Figure 15 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a composite foam glass element 81 according to the invention, in which U-shaped sections 85, 86 are again arranged on the longitudinal sides, which are connected via reinforcing / tensioning elements in the form of threaded rods 87 screwed with nuts 88. As the exemplary embodiment of figure 15 shows, any shape of U-shaped section can be used, for example the U-shaped sections 85, 86 shown in figure 15 have a larger base surface compared to a strip, so that the U-shaped sections 85, 86 are plate-like.

[0067] It can also be seen from Fig. 15 that in the composite foam glass element 81, the foam glass body 82 is already tensioned via its lengthwise sides with reinforcing elements in the form of U-shaped bars 85, 86, as well as threaded rod 87 and nut 88, but the widthwise sides of the composite foam glass element 81 are also connected and tensioned via reinforcing elements, i.e. there is a connection and tensioning of the foam glass body 82 in a direction transverse to the direction of the longitudinal axis of the threaded rod 87. In the exemplary embodiment of Fig. 15, trusses 83 are provided for this purpose in the widthwise direction, which trusses 83 are connected to each other via tension wires (not shown).

[0068] A further embodiment of a composite foam glass element 91 according to the present invention is shown in a partial perspective view in FIG. 16. The composite foam glass element 91 includes a plurality of foam glass bodies 92, which are arranged, in order, one on top of the other in a rectangular parallelepiped structure. As in the previous embodiment, the foam glass bodies 92 of the composite foam glass element 91 are tensioned via reinforcing elements in the form of trusses 93, 94 on the main surfaces and widthwise sides of the composite foam glass element 91 and tension wires (not shown) arranged between the respective trusses 93, 94, while on the lengthwise sides of the composite foam glass element 91 are arranged double T-beams 95, 96, which in turn are connected via threaded rods and nuts (not shown in detail) and press and tension the foam glass bodies 62 arranged between them. In addition to the reinforcing elements already known from the previous embodiments, such as trusses, threaded rods, tensioning cables, etc., this embodiment thus has a double T-shaped beam 95, 96 at one end face, which in turn is tensioned by an opposing reinforcing element (which may for example be a double T-shaped beam) via a threaded rod or tensioning cable, etc., to apply a compressive stress to the foam glass body 92 arranged therebetween.

[0069] FIG. 17 shows a composite foam glass element 101, in which a number of rectangular foam glass bodies 102 arranged adjacent to each other one above the other are provided with trusses 103 on the upper and lower surfaces and sides, corresponding reinforcing elements for connecting the opposing trusses 103, and a double T-shaped beam 106 around the entire periphery of the side, and the double T-shaped beam 106 is tensioned by the opposing double T-shaped beam 106 via a reinforcing element 109, so that the foam glass body 102 is held under compressive stress on the entire surface.

[0070] In Figures 18, 19 and 20, various composite foam glass elements 111, 121 and 131 of different dimensions are shown, but otherwise have the same structure having a plurality of rectangular parallelepiped foam glass bodies 112, 122, 132 and trusses 113, 123 and 133 arranged opposite each other on the surface side. The trusses 113, 123, 133 arranged on the opposite surface sides are connected to each other in sequence via bars, rods, cables, etc. extending through the foam glass bodies 112, 122, 132 so that the foam glass bodies 112, 122, 132 located therebetween are each held under compressive stress.

[0071] A further composite foam glass element 141 is shown in FIG. 21, in which a perspective view of the composite foam glass element 141 shows a part of the cover 147 on the main surface of the composite foam glass element 141 cut open and a part of the foam glass body 142 not shown in order to reveal a reinforcing / tensile element in the form of a threaded rod 143 that runs both lengthwise (L) and widthwise (B) through the composite foam glass element 141. As already shown in the previous embodiment of the composite foam glass element, the composite foam glass element 141 consists of a plurality of rectangular parallelepiped foam glass bodies 142 that are stacked next to each other to form a wall element. Pressure distribution plates 145, 146 are provided around the entire circumference of the end faces of the composite foam glass element 141, which pressure distribution plates 145, 146 are connected and tensioned to their respective opposing pressure distribution plates 145, 146 via reinforcing / tensile elements 148, 149 so that the foam glass body 142 is subjected to compressive stress. Threaded rod 143 that runs through the interior of composite foam glass element 141 is part of reinforcing / tensioning elements 148,149.

[0072] The exemplary embodiment of Fig. 21 further provides a cover 147 on the surface of the composite foam glass element 141, i.e., on one of the main surfaces of the composite foam glass element 141 in the length (L) and width (B) directions, so that the composite foam glass element 141 can have any desired surface. The material of such a cover can be any suitable material, such as steel, plastic, gypsum board, etc., and can also be designed as a coating. Of course, such a cover can be provided on all surfaces of the composite foam glass element or only on individual surfaces, and can be provided on all embodiments of the composite foam glass element.

[0073] Figure 22 shows a further example of a composite foam glass element 151 according to the present invention, which is formed from multiple foam glass bodies 152 clamped together via reinforcing / tensile elements in the form of side panels 155, 156 and bars 153, 154. The composite foam glass element 151 of the embodiment shown in Figure 22 further comprises a cover (or cladding or facade) 158 covering a major surface of the composite foam glass element 151. The cover 158 has been omitted in a central region in order to show the foam glass bodies 152 and the bars 153, 154 connecting the side panels 155, 156 of the composite foam glass element 151 on opposite sides, and furthermore some of the foam glass bodies 152 are not shown.

[0074] Bars 153 connect side plates 156 arranged on opposite sides of the rectangular composite foam glass element 151, and bars 154, which run horizontally in the view shown in Fig. 22, connect side plates 155 arranged on opposite sides of the composite foam glass element 151. The bars 153, 154 are connected to the side plates 155, 156 via fasteners in the form of threaded connections 157, whereby a wide variety of designs of the threaded connections are possible, such as an arrangement of nuts screwed onto the bars 153, 154 inserted through openings in the side plates 155, 156, or threaded holes in the side plates 155, 156 into which the bars 153, 154 are screwed with threads at their ends.

[0075] Figure 23 shows a portion of the composite foam glass element 151 of Figure 22 from another perspective, illustrating how a cover 158 may be placed on one of the major surfaces. In the view shown in Figure 23, the cover 158 is elevated from the major surfaces to reveal the bars 153, 154 behind the cover 158 that connect the opposing side panels 155, 156, thereby pressing the intervening foam glass body 152 together.

[0076] The cover 158 can be made of any suitable material, such as plastic or metal, and can be connected by means of suitable joining techniques to the composite foam glass element 151 or to the foam glass body 152 and to the reinforcing elements in the form of the side panels 155, 156 and the bars 153, 154. For example, the cover 158 can be arranged by material connections, in particular by gluing or welding.

[0077] The bars 153, 154 have threaded connections 157, whereby in the illustrated exemplary embodiment the bars 153, 154 have threads on their ends, whereby the bars 153, 154 are threaded through openings in the side plates 155, 156 and screwed in place with nuts.

[0078] The side plates 155, 156 and the bars 153, 154 may be made from any suitable material, with metallic materials, such as steel in particular, being particularly suitable herein.

[0079] The combination of the composite foam glass elements 141 and 151 is realized in a composite foam glass element 161, which is shown in a perspective view in FIG. 24, where again a part of the cover 167 is cut open and a part of the foam glass body 162 is omitted in order to illustrate the arrangement of reinforcing / tensile elements in the form of threaded rods 163, 164 arranged on the inside and outside. As already shown in the previous embodiment, at least a part of the reinforcing elements such as threaded rods, tensioning cables, etc. can extend inside the composite foam glass element, in particular through the foam glass body. However, it is also possible for the reinforcing elements to be arranged entirely or mostly on the surface of the composite foam glass element or the foam glass body. However, it is also possible to combine the internal and external arrangement of the reinforcing elements with each other, as shown in FIG. 24 as an example for the composite foam glass element 161. To connect the end or side circumferentially arranged pressure distribution plates 165, 166 to their respective opposing pressure distribution plates 165, 166, both reinforcing / tensioning elements 168, 169 are provided, which mainly penetrate the foam glass body 162 and are along the surface of the foam glass body 162. As can be seen from FIG. 24, the internally threaded rod 163 is arranged inside the composite foam glass element 161, while the externally threaded rod 164, which extends along the surface of the foam glass body 162, is arranged on the surface of the foam glass body 162, and both the internally and externally threaded rods 163, 164 are screwed in turn to the pressure distribution plates 165, 166 to apply compressive stress to the foam glass body 162. The externally threaded rod 164 may be covered with a cover 167.

[0080] FIG. 25 shows a further embodiment of a composite foam glass element 171 according to the invention, which is constructed in principle similarly to the previous composite foam glass element 151. The composite foam glass element 171 differs from the composite foam glass element 151 only in that the side panels 175, 176 are not designed as flat side panels like the side panels 155, 156, but have rounded corners at their longitudinal ends, which surround the main surfaces of the composite foam glass element 171. Reinforcing elements in the form of reinforcing / tensile elements 173, 174 can therefore be placed on these angular areas, for example by being suspended in corresponding openings or penetrating them. The reinforcing / tensile elements 173, 174 in turn connect the respective opposing side panels 175, 176 and are correspondingly elastically tensioned, such that the side panels 175, 176 press against each other the foam glass body 82 located between them.

[0081] A further composite foam glass element 191 similar to the previous exemplary embodiment of Figures 21-25 is shown in Figure 26. This composite foam glass element 191 also has side panels 193, 194 with angled regions at their lengthwise ends which are angled transversely to the base surface of the corresponding side panel 193, 194 and are rounded to encompass the major surface. However, wires (or round bars, etc.) 195, 196 are provided as reinforcing elements which extend annularly around the composite foam glass element 191 and over the two major surfaces and the opposing side surfaces of the composite foam glass element 191 where the side panels 193, 194 are located. For annular closure, each wire 195, 196 is provided at both ends with a fastening threaded connection or tensioning element 197 that pulls the threaded ends of each wire 195, 196 toward each other, thereby adjusting the tension. The tensioned wires 195, 196 press and tension the opposing side plates 193, 194 against the intervening foam glass body 192 to form a composite foam glass element 191 according to the present invention.

[0082] 27-29 show the composite foam glass element 191 in more detail from different perspectives so that the principle and structure of the fastening screw connection 197, as well as the rounded and angled longitudinal edges of the side panels 193, 194 can be clearly seen.

[0083] FIG. 30 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a fastening screw connection 177, which can also be used with the composite foam glass element 191 of FIGS. 26-29 for threaded connection and tensioning of wires 195, 196. The annular arrangement of band 173 is clearly shown in FIG. 30, having a plug receptacle 178 and a threaded receptacle 179 at its ends, cooperating with bolt 180. Bolt 180 is inserted through plug receptacle 178 and engages the threads of threaded receptacle 179, so that the ends of band 173 connected to plug receptacle 178 and threaded receptacle 179 move towards each other when the bolt is threaded into threaded receptacle 179, thus allowing band 173 to be tensioned around a composite foam glass element (not shown).

[0084] FIG. 31 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a composite foam glass element 201, which, like the previous exemplary embodiment, has side plates 203, 204 at the end faces of the composite foam glass element 201, which are angled in the direction of the main faces of the composite foam glass element 201 and have rounded areas at their lengthwise ends that encompass them. Similar to the wires 195, 196 of the composite foam glass element 191, a number of parallel bands 205, 206 extend around the composite foam glass element 201, which press the side plates 203, 204 located at the opposite end faces against the foam glass body placed therebetween. For annular closure of each band 205, 206, a clamping element is provided, which is shown in FIG. 32 with the corresponding band 206. The two ends of the bands 206 are guided through a sleeve with a slot on the side so as to overlap, whereby the sleeve is pressed together so that the two ends of the bands 206 are pressed together against each other. As a result, a secure annular closure of the band 206 is achieved due to the frictional connection between the ends of the band 206 maintained by the clamping element 207 due to the plastic deformation of the clamping element 207. The bands 205, 206 can be elastically deformed by traction before clamping with the clamping element 207 in order to exert an elastic tension of the corresponding bands 205, 206 on the side plates 203, 204, so that the foam glass bodies arranged between the side plates 203, 204 are pressed against each other after mutual fixation of the ends of the bands 206 by the clamping element 207.

[0085] FIG. 33 shows a further composite foam glass element 211, which is composed of a plurality of foam glass bodies 212. The rectangular parallelepiped foam glass bodies 212 are stacked to form a rectangular parallelepiped composite foam glass element 211, and each end face spanning the width direction and the height direction is provided with an edge frame 213 that extends along the edge of the end face and is composed of a corner shape, so that the edge frame is resting against the corresponding end face on the one hand and against the adjacent main face and length direction side defined by the height and length of the composite foam glass element 211 on the other hand. The two edge frames 213 arranged on the opposite end faces are supported by each other via a plurality of elastic deformation bands 216 extending in parallel, so that the intervening foam glass bodies 212 are pressed against each other. Additionally, corner shapes 214 are disposed at the longitudinal ends of the composite foam glass element 211, and the corner shapes 214 are also pressed against the foam glass body 212 via a plurality of elastically tensioned bands 215 extending parallel to each other, thereby tensioning the foam glass body 212 against each other in both the width and height directions and the length directions of the composite foam glass element 211.

[0086] One of the many possible uses of the composite foam glass elements according to the present invention is to form a tunnel 228 in which a tunnel lining 229 is disposed, the tunnel lining 229 defining a tunnel tube, such that a tunnel interspace 230 is formed between the tunnel lining 229 and a tunnel wall of the tunnel 228. The tunnel lining 229 is formed by a plurality of composite foam glass elements 221, which are attached to the tunnel wall of the tunnel 228 via brackets 227.

[0087] FIG. 34 shows an arch-shaped arrangement of composite foam glass elements 221 to form a tunnel lining 229. The mechanical properties of the composite foam glass elements 221 allow their arrangement in tunnel linings, even for tunnels for high-speed trains, since the compressive loads are dissipated by the composite foam glass elements when trains pass through at high speed. The individual composite foam glass elements 221 are themselves arch-shaped, and the individual foam glass bodies 222 have a slightly wedge-shaped shape, so that the facing contact surfaces of the foam glass bodies 222 facing adjacent foam glass bodies 222 are not aligned parallel to each other, but rather form a small angle with each other, and the arch-shaped structure of the composite foam glass elements 221 occurs when multiple foam glass bodies 222 are placed with their contact surfaces facing each other. The corresponding reinforcing elements for connecting and pressing the foam glass bodies 222 to each other can be guided through the foam glass bodies 222 and / or along the surface of the foam glass bodies 222 according to the previously shown embodiments.

[0088] One of the composite foam glass elements 221 forming the tunnel lining 229 is shown in FIG. 35. The composite foam glass element 221 is in turn composed of a plurality of foam glass bodies 222, which are attached between end plates 223 and 224 (substrate not shown in FIG. 23, see FIG. 36) and clamped together via rods 226 extending through the foam glass bodies 222 and strips 225 extending along the surfaces. The exemplary embodiment of FIG. 35 shows that curved or arched composite foam glass elements can also be formed. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 35, the individual foam glass bodies 222 are formed as annular segments or cut wedges, so that the two opposing faces that serve to join adjacent foam glass bodies 222 or stack the foam glass bodies 122 on top of each other are formed at an angle to each other. This allows for curved or arched structures of the composite foam glass elements 221 to be realized, with multiple arched composite foam glass elements 221 together forming an arched tunnel lining 229 with a circular cross section.

[0089] A rod 226, which is pressed against the foam glass body 222 with the end plates 223, 224 disposed therebetween, extends through the foam glass body 222 or through the composite foam glass element 221. Additionally, a strip 225 is provided on the outer surface of the composite foam glass element 221, which also connects the end plates 223, 224 of the composite foam glass element 221 to one another.

[0090] A bracket 227 is provided on at least one of the end plates 223 to enable the composite foam glass element 221 to be secured within the tunnel 228 at a location away from the tunnel wall.

[0091] Figures 36-39 show the composite foam glass element 221 in various views in association with the tunnel lining 229, allowing one to appreciate both the arrangement of the composite foam glass element 221 on the tunnel wall of the tunnel 228 via the brackets 227, and the structure of the individual composite foam glass elements 221 with end plates 223, 224 and U-shaped strips 225.

[0092] Figure 37 also shows how improved accident prevention can be achieved in combination with the tunnel lining 229. Energy absorbing materials such as foam glass ballast 220 can also be filled into the tunnel interspace 230 between the tunnel lining 229 and the tunnel 228, which can absorb and dissipate a large portion of the impact energy when a vehicle hits the tunnel lining 229, thus mitigating the consequences of an accident involving a collision with the tunnel wall or tunnel lining 229.

[0093] Further embodiments of the tunnel lining 229 can be seen in Figures 40-42. In the tunnel lining 229 of Figure 40, instead of the curved composite foam glass elements 221, straight or flat composite foam glass elements 231 are used, which are arranged in a polygonal shape to achieve the curved tunnel lining 229. Foam glass wedge elements 232 are inserted between the individual flat or straight composite foam glass elements 231 to fill the gaps that occur between the straight or flat composite foam glass elements 231 at the joints.

[0094] Alternatively, a composite foam glass element 241 can be used, which has a wedge-shaped foam glass end body 243 at the connecting end with an adjacent composite foam glass element 241, and the remaining foam glass body 242 of the composite foam glass element 241 can be designed as a rectangular foam glass body.

[0095] The composite foam glass element 241 is shown in detail in FIG. 42. As seen in FIG. 42, the rectangular parallelepiped foam glass bodies 242 are stacked on each other, and wedge-shaped foam glass end bodies 243 are placed on both ends of the stack. A pressure distribution plate 246 with a bracket 247 is placed on each surface of the wedge-shaped foam glass end body 243, which serves to fix the composite foam glass element 241 to the tunnel wall. Compressive stress is exerted on the foam glass bodies 242, 243 through the pressure distribution plate 246 by the reinforcing element 249 penetrating the wedge-shaped foam glass end body 243 and the rectangular parallelepiped foam glass body 242, and these foam glass bodies 242, 243 are subjected to compressive stress in turn.

[0096] Two further applications of the present invention are illustrated in FIGS.

[0097] Figure 43 shows a building 260 formed entirely from composite foam glass elements 251 and 261. Composite foam glass element 261 forms a wall and composite foam glass element 251 is formed as a ceiling or roof.

[0098] The foam glass body 252 of the composite foam glass element 251 is reinforced by a metal plate 253 arranged in the circumferential direction on the end face of the composite foam glass element 251 together with a metal rod inserted through the foam glass body 252, so that the metal plate 253 together with the metal rod presses the foam glass body 252 against each other to increase strength. Due to the foam glass body 252 with closed pores, such a composite foam glass element 251 is impermeable to water, and due to the mechanical strength, a roof made of the corresponding composite foam glass element 251 can easily withstand the required snow load, etc. Furthermore, the mechanical properties can be influenced by changing the density of the foam glass during the manufacturing process of the foam glass body. For example, a higher elastic modulus and therefore a higher mechanical strength can be achieved by increasing the density of the foam glass body.

[0099] Furthermore, the composite foam glass elements 251, 261 meet high standards in terms of building safety, such as thermal conductivity and non-combustibility, making it possible to construct buildings such as passive houses.

[0100] As with all previous exemplary embodiments, the composite foam glass elements 251, 261 typically have no or few material connections, only mechanical connections via the reinforcing elements, and are removable so that the individual materials, such as the foam glass and reinforcing element materials, can be easily separated so as to be recyclable, making them easily recyclable.

[0101] A further application example of the composite foam glass element according to the invention is shown in figure 44. Figure 44 shows a high-rise building 270, built for example with a skeleton structure. The composite foam glass element 271 is used as a facade element of the skeleton of the high-rise building 270. Due to the good mechanical properties of the composite foam glass element 271 it is able to withstand the wind loads occurring in the corresponding high-rise building. It also has the advantage of good thermal insulation and easy recycling.

[0102] The composite foam glass elements forming the walls can be formed, for example, by the rectangular composite foam glass elements described above.

[0103] To further avoid cold bridges between the individual foam glass bodies of the composite foam glass element and / or to improve the connection of adjacent foam glass bodies, the shape of the foam glass bodies can be adapted to form-fit also adjacent foam glass bodies in at least one direction. This is made possible by a special design of the surface shape or surface shape of the contact surface of the foam glass bodies. This generally applies to all composite foam glass elements of the invention and in particular to all previously described embodiments.

[0104] Various configurations of the foam glass bodies 282, 282a, 292, 292a, 302, and 302a are shown in FIGS.

[0105] In FIG. 45, two different foam glass bodies 282, 282a are shown, which have different contact surfaces for connecting to adjacent foam glass bodies 282, 282a. For example, the foam glass body 282 has a first end surface 283 that is corrugated, and the opposite end of the foam glass body 282 is provided with a second end surface 284 having two flat surfaces arranged at an angle to each other. The foam glass body 282a has a third end surface 285 that is complementary to the second end surface 284 of the foam glass body 282, and a fourth end surface 286 of the foam glass body 282a is also corrugated and correspondingly complementary to the first end surface 283 of the foam glass body 282, so that the foam glass bodies 282 and 282a can be arranged one after the other.

[0106] Similarly, FIG. 46 shows two foam glass bodies 292 and 292a, which in turn have corresponding end faces 293, 294, 295, and 296. The first end face 293 of the foam glass body 292 is complementary to the fourth end face 296 of the foam glass body 292a, and also has a corrugated shape. The complementary end faces 294, 295, i.e., the second end face 294 of the foam glass body 292 and the third end face 295 of the foam glass body 292, have three planar partial faces, two of which are obliquely disposed relative to the third partial face.

[0107] In the further exemplary embodiment of FIG. 47, a first end face 303 of foam glass body 302 and a fourth end face 306 of foam glass body 302a correspond to the first end face and the fourth end face of the previous exemplary embodiment, and a second end face 304 of foam glass body 302 and a third end face of foam glass body 302a have a sawtooth surface structure, while the second end face 304 and the third end face 305 are similarly formed to complement each other.

[0108] In the exemplary embodiment of Figures 45-47, two different foam glass bodies are combined with each other in a composite. However, it is also conceivable that a corresponding configuration of the contact surfaces or edge surfaces can be realized in the case of composites using all the same foam glass bodies or multiple different foam glass bodies.

[0109] Figure 48 shows the application of the composite foam glass element for a floating house 310, which is not only used for the walls and ceiling or roof of the house as in the embodiment of Figure 43, but is particularly used to form the pontoon 311 on which the floating house is supported. Due to the low density of the foam glass and the high compressive strength of the glass due to the high proportion of pores, and the high mechanical strength of the composite foam glass element due to the mechanical reinforcement provided by the reinforcing elements, the composite foam glass element of the present invention is advantageous for use as a pontoon for a floating house due to its low self-weight and high buoyancy.

[0110] Although the present invention has been described in detail based on exemplary embodiments, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to these exemplary embodiments, but rather that various applications are possible, as well as design modifications, so that individual features of the specifically illustrated exemplary embodiments can be omitted or different combinations of features can be realized without departing from the scope of protection of the appended claims. In particular, the present disclosure includes all combinations of individual features shown in the various exemplary embodiments, so that individual features that are described only in connection with one exemplary embodiment can also be used in other exemplary embodiments or in combinations of individual features not explicitly shown. [Explanation of symbols]

[0111] 1 Composite foam glass element 2. Foam glass body 3 Reinforcing elements / tensioning elements (threaded rods) 4 Fixtures (nuts) 5 Spring elements 6 Pressure distribution plate 7 Separation elements 8 Support 9 Reinforcement / Tension Elements 11 Composite foam glass elements 12. Foam glass body 16 Pressure distribution plate 19 Reinforcement / Tension Elements 21 Composite foam glass elements 22 Foam glass body 23 Bands (tension adjustment bands / tension bands) 24 Tensioning element (fixture) 25 Pressure distribution profile 27 Separation elements 28 Support 31 Composite foam glass elements 32 Foam glass body 33 Reinforcing elements / tension elements (threaded rods) 34 Fixture (nut) 35 Tensioning element 36 Pressure distribution plate 41 Composite foam glass elements 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d Foam glass body 43 Reinforcing / Tensioning Elements (Threaded Rods) 44 Fixture (nut) 45 Soundproofing Wall 46 Pressure distribution plate 47 Concave depression 48 Convex curved section 49 Groove 50 Substrates 51 Composite Foam Glass Elements 52, 52a, 52b, 52c Foam glass body 54 Fixture (nut) 55 Soundproofing Wall 56 Pressure distribution plate 58 Slope 59 Blind Hole 60 Substrates 61 Composite Foam Glass Elements 62, 62a, 62b, 62c, 62d Foam glass body 65 Soundproofing Wall 66 Pressure distribution plate 67 Depression 68 Protrusion 69 Reinforcement / Tension Elements 70 Substrate 71 Composite Foam Glass Elements 72 Foam glass body 73 Truss 74 Tensile element (tension wire) 75 U-shaped member 76 U-shaped member 77 Bracing 78 Nut 79 Reinforcing / Tensioning Elements (Threaded Rods) 81 Composite Foam Glass Elements 82 Foam glass body 83 Truss 85 U-shaped member 86 U-shaped member 87 Reinforcing / Tensioning Elements (Threaded Rods) 88 Nut 91 Composite Foam Glass Elements 92 Foam glass body 93 Truss 94 Truss 95 Double T-beam 96 Double T-beam 101 Composite foam glass element 102 Foam glass body 103 Truss 106 Double T-beam 111 Composite foam glass elements 112 Foam glass body 113 Truss 121 Composite Foam Glass Elements 122 Foam glass body 123 Truss 131 Composite Foam Glass Elements 132 Foam glass body 133 Truss 141 Composite Foam Glass Elements 142 Foam glass body 143 Reinforcing / Tensioning Elements (Threaded Rods) 145 Pressure distribution plate 146 Pressure distribution plate 147 Cover 148 Reinforcement / Tension Elements 149 Reinforcement / Tension Elements 151 Composite Foam Glass Elements 152 Foam glass body 153 Bar 154 Bar 155 Side Panel 156 Side Panel 157 Fixtures (screw connections) 158 Covering / cladding / facade 161 Composite Foam Glass Elements 162 Foam glass body 163 Reinforcing / Tensioning Elements (Internal Threaded Rods) 164 Reinforcing / Tensioning Elements (Externally Threaded Rods) 165 Pressure distribution plate 166 Pressure distribution plate 167 Cover 168 Horizontal Reinforcement Elements / Tension Elements 169 Vertical Reinforcement Elements / Tension Elements 171 Composite Foam Glass Elements 172 Foam glass body 173 Reinforcement / Tension Elements 174 Reinforcement / Tension Elements 175 Side Panel 176 Side Panel 177 Fastening screw connection 178 Plug-in Receptacle 179 Threaded Receptacle 180 volts 191 Composite Foam Glass Elements 192 Foam glass body 193 Side Panel 194 Side Panel 195 Wire / Round Steel 196 Wire / Round Steel 197 Fasteners / Threaded Connections / Tension Elements 201 Composite foam glass element 203 Side Panel 204 Side Panel 205 Band 206 Band 207 Clamping Elements 211 Composite Foam Glass Elements 212 Foam glass body 213 Edge frame 214 Corner Shapes 215 Bands 216 bands 220 Foam Glass Ballast 221 Composite Foam Glass Elements 222 Foam glass body 223 End plate 224 End plate 225 Strip 226 bars 227 Bracket 228 Tunnel 229 Tunnel Lining 230 Tunnel Intermediate Space 231 Composite Foam Glass Elements 232 Wedge element 241 Composite Foam Glass Elements 242 Foam glass body 243 Wedge-shaped foam glass end 246 End plate 247 Bracket 249 Reinforcing Elements 251 Composite Foam Glass Elements 252 Foam glass body 253 Metal plate 260 Buildings 261 Composite Foam Glass Elements 270 Skyscraper 271 Composite Foam Glass Elements 282,282a Foam glass body 283 First End Face 284 Second End Face 285 Third End 286 Fourth End Face 292,292a Foam glass body 293 First End Face 294 Second End Face 295 Third End 296 Fourth End Face 302, 302a Foam glass body 303 First end face 304 Second End Face 305 Third End 306 4th end face 310 Floating House 311 Pontoon H Height B Width L Length

Claims

1. At least one foamed glass body (2; 12; 22; 32; 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d; 52, 52a, 52b, 52c; 62, 62a, 62b, 62c, 62d; 72; 82; 92; 102; 112; 122; 132; 142; 152; 162; 172; 192; 212; 222; 242; 252; 282, 282a; 292, 292a; 302, 302a) and at least one reinforcing element (3, 4, 5, 6, 9; 19; ２３，２４，２５； ３３，３４，３５，３６； ４３，４４，４６，５０； ５４，５６，６０； ６６，６９，７０； ７３，７４，７５，７６，７，７８，７９； ８３，８５，８６，８７，８８； ９３，９４，９５，９６； １０３，１０６，１０９；１１３；１２３； １３３； １４３，１４５，１４６，１４８，１４９；１５３，１５４，１５５，１５６，１５７； １６３，１６４，１６５，１６６，１６８，１６９；１７３，１７４，１７５，１７６，１７７，１７８，１７９，１８０；１９３，１９４，１９５，１９６，１９７； ２０３，２０４，２０５，２０６，２０７； ２１３，２１４，２１５，２１６； A composite foamed glass element having at least one reinforcing element, wherein compressive stress is applied to one or more of the foamed glass bodies in at least one direction through at least one reinforcing element, and / or two or more of the foamed glass bodies are connected to each other by the at least one reinforcing element. (223, 224, 225, 226; 246, 249; 253)

2. The composite foamed glass element according to claim 1, wherein the foamed glass body (2; 12; 22; 32; 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d; 52, 52a, 52b, 52c; 62, 62a, 62b, 62c, 62d; 72; 82; 92; 102; 112; 122; 132; 142; 152; 162; 172; 192; 212; 222; 242; 252; 282, 282a; 292, 292a; 302, 302a) is a single molded body made of foamed glass, homogeneously formed from glass with a plurality of pores sealed within it, and the pores are open or closed.

3. The composite foamed glass element according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality or all of the foamed glass bodies in the composite foamed glass element are of the same design, or the composite foamed glass element comprises a plurality of different foamed glass bodies, wherein the foamed glass bodies have different shapes and / or sizes and / or densities and / or porosity and / or chemical compositions.

4. The foamed glass body (2; 12; 22; ３２； The composite foamed glass element according to claim 1, wherein the composite foamed glass element has a plurality of different foamed glass bodies, and in the case of a composite foamed glass element having a plurality of different foamed glass bodies, the contact surface of one of the foamed glass bodies is adapted to the contact surface of another foamed glass body. (42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d; 52, 52a, 52b, 52c; 62, 62a, 62b, 62c, 62d; 72; 82; 92; 102; 112; 122; 132; 142; 152; 162; 172; 192; 212; 222; 242; 252; 282, 282a; 292, 292a; 302, 302a) is a body having at least one flat surface and / or at least two surfaces aligned parallel to each other and / or complementary contact surfaces.

5. The foamed glass body (2; 12; 22; ３２； The composite foamed glass element according to claim 1, wherein 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d; 52, 52a, 52b, 52c; 62, 62a, 62b, 62c, 62d; 72; 82; 92; 102; 112; 122; 132; 142; 152; 162; 172; 192; 212; 222; 242; 252; 282, 282a; 292, 292a; 302, 302a) is formed by at least one element selected from the group consisting of a cuboid, a cuboid-shaped body, a cuboid-like body, a prism, a pyramid, a parallelepiped, a tetrahedron, a polyhedron, a cylinder, a hollow cylinder, a solid of revolution, a circular body, a disc-shaped body, and an annular body.

6. The aforementioned reinforcing elements (3, 4, 5, 6, 9; 19; ２３，２４，２５； ３３，３４，３５，３６； ４３，４４，４６，５０； ５４，５６，６０； ６６，６９，７０； ７３，７４，７５，７６，７７，７８，７９； ８３，８５，８６，８７，８８； ９３，９４，９５，９６； １０３，１０６，１０９；１１３；１２３； １３３； １４３，１４５，１４６，１４８，１４９；１５３，１５４，１５５，１５６，１５７； １６３，１６４，１６５，１６６，１６８，１６９；１７３，１７４，１７５，１７６，１７７，１７８，１７９，１８０；１９３，１９４，１９５，１９６，１９７； ２０３，２０４，２０５，２０６，２０７； ２１３，２１４，２１５，２１６； The composite foamed glass element according to claim 1, wherein the element comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of bands, cables, strands, fibers, wires, strips, straps, bars, tubes, cylinders, girders, T-beams, double T-beams, rods, profile rods, threaded rods, plates, plates with at least partially curved edges, U-shaped members, two-dimensional or three-dimensional rectangular or cuboidal frame elements, yokes, two-dimensional and three-dimensional trusses, bolts, tensioning elements, springs, clamping elements, plastically deformable retaining elements, etc.

7. The reinforcing element is composed of a plurality of components, and / or the reinforcing element (3, 4, 5, 6, 9; 19; ２３，２４，２５； ３３，３４，３５，３６； ４３，４４，４６，５０； ５４，５６，６０； ６６，６９，７０； ７３，７４，７５，７６，７，７８，７９； ８３，８５，８６，８７，８８； ９３，９４，９５，９６； １０３，１０６，１０９；１１３；１２３； １３３； １４３，１４５，１４６，１４８，１４９；１５３，１５４，１５５，１５６，１５７； １６３，１６４，１６５，１６６，１６８，１６９；１７３，１７４，１７５，１７６，１７７，１７８，１７９，１８０；１９３，１９４，１９５，１９６，１９７； ２０３，２０４，２０５，２０６，２０７； ２１３，２１４，２１５，２１６； The composite foamed glass element according to claim 1, wherein the element is formed from or comprises a material consisting of metals, plastics, glass, ceramics, natural materials and combinations thereof (223, 224, 225, 226; 246, 249; 253).

8. The composite foamed glass element according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one reinforcing element is elastically deformed and under tensile stress.

9. The composite foamed glass element according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one reinforcing element penetrates at least partially through the at least one foamed glass body and / or extends along the surface of the at least one foamed glass body and / or into a recess of the at least one foamed glass body.

10. The composite foamed glass element according to claim 1, wherein the composite foamed glass element has at least two reinforcing elements in the form of plates, bands, or frames, and a plurality of foamed glass bodies and at least one or more reinforcing elements in the form of cables, rods, bands, etc. are arranged between the at least two reinforcing elements such that the plates, bands, or plates press against the foamed glass bodies and the foamed glass bodies press against each other.

11. The composite foamed glass element according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one reinforcing element completely surrounds the at least one foamed glass body in an annular manner.

12. The composite foamed glass element according to claim 1, wherein the foamed glass bodies (2; 12; 22; 32; 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d; 52, 52a, 52b, 52c; 62, 62a, 62b, 62c, 62d; 72; 82; 92; 102; 112; 122; 132; 142; 152; 162; 172; 192; 212; 222; 242; 252; 282, 282a; 292, 292a; 302, 302a) are arranged in a masonry structure in which no binder is placed between the foamed glass bodies, and are arranged as a type of masonry structure from the group consisting of simple stacking, load-bearing, stretcher bond, end bond, English bond, cross English bond, etc.

13. The foamed glass body (2; 12; 22; ３２； The composite foamed glass elements according to claim 1, wherein 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d; 52, 52a, 52b, 52c; 62, 62a, 62b, 62c, 62d; 72; 82; 92; 102; 112; 122; 132; 142; 152; 162; 172; 192; 212; 222; 242; 252; 282, 282a; 292, 292a; 302, 302a) are not materially connected to one another, at least partially.

14. The composite foamed glass element according to claim 1, characterized in that the composite foamed glass element is formed from a single or multi-layer stack of foamed glass bodies arranged in rows, and the foamed glass bodies are arranged on top of each other and / or in a staggered pattern in each row.

15. The foamed glass body (2; 12; 22; ３２； The composite foamed glass element according to claim 1, wherein the 42, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d; 52, 52a, 52b, 52c; 62, 62a, 62b, 62c, 62d; 72; 82; 92; 102; 112; 122; 132; 142; 152; 162; 172; 192; 212; 222; 242; 252; 282, 282a; 292, 292a; 302, 302a) are at least partially in direct contact with each other, or a separating element is at least partially positioned between adjacent foamed glass bodies, wherein the separating element is in the form of a deformable sheet or foil made of paper, cardboard, rubber or plastic, polyisobutylene, cloth, woven cloth, crocheted cloth, knitted cloth, braided cloth, sewn cloth, nonwoven cloth or felt.

16. The composite foamed glass element according to claim 1, characterized in that the composite foamed glass element and the foamed glass body are coated on their surfaces and / or the composite foamed glass element has a cover (158) on at least one of its main surfaces.

17. The composite foamed glass element according to claim 1, wherein the composite foamed glass element or the foamed glass body has a structured surface, and the structured surface includes at least one element selected from a convex curved portion (48), a concave curved portion (47), a blind hole, a step, an undercut, a sawtooth step, and the like.

18. The composite foamed glass element according to claim 1, characterized in that the foamed glass element is selected from the group consisting of wall elements, ceiling elements, floor elements, floating bodies, cladding elements, tunnel lining elements, soundproofing elements, etc.

19. A structure comprising at least one of the composite foamed glass elements described in claim 1.

20. The structure according to claim 19, characterized in that the structure comprises at least one connecting element to which at least two composite foamed glass elements are connected.

21. The structure according to claim 20, characterized in that the connecting element includes at least one element selected from the group consisting of bands, cables, wires, strips, rods, profiled rods, threaded rods, plates, plates having at least partially bent edges, U-shaped members, frame elements, two-dimensional or three-dimensional rectangular or cuboid frame elements, connecting beams, two-dimensional and three-dimensional trusses, bolts, tensioning elements, clamping elements, plastically deformable holding elements, and the like.

22. The structure according to claim 20, characterized in that the connecting element is composed of a plurality of components.

23. The structure according to claim 20, characterized in that at least one reinforcing element is elastically deformed and under tensile stress.

24. The structure according to claim 19, characterized in that the structure is selected from the group consisting of walls, sound barriers (45, 55, 65), buildings (260), cladding, and tunnel lining (229).

25. A method for manufacturing the structure described in claim 19, wherein the composite foamed glass element described in claim 1 is used.

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