Flax (Linum usitatissimum) seed extract

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for producing an extract of Linum usitatissimum seeds. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the extract itself and to cosmetic compositions containing this extract. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of this extract or of cosmetic compositions containing this extract for hair styling or conditioning or protection against UV radiation.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a process for producing an extract of Linum usitatissimum seeds. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the extract itself and to cosmetic compositions containing this extract. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of this extract or of cosmetic compositions containing this extract for hair styling or conditioning or protection against UV radiation. [Background technology]

[0002] Linum usitatissimum seeds are used commercially to obtain the oil contained in the seeds, linseed oil (hereinafter synonymously referred to as linseed oil or linseed oil). This linseed oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Depending on the method of obtaining this oil, for example by pressing or solvent extraction, the remaining defatted seeds can be whole defatted seeds, pressed defatted seeds, chopped defatted seeds or crushed defatted seeds. In the following, the defatted seeds are referred to as "Linum usitatissimum seed material", regardless of whether they are whole defatted seeds, pressed defatted seeds, chopped defatted seeds or crushed defatted seeds. Depending on how effective the process of removing the oil from the seeds is, the defatted Linum usitatissimum seed material contains more or less residual fat. At least trace amounts of fat are always present.

[0003] In the following, flax, common flax and linseed are used synonymously with the name of the plant Linum usitatissimum.

[0004] There is extensive literature on the extraction of materials from flaxseed for use in various applications.

[0005] Chen, Shanqiao (2011). China Oils and Fats, 36(11), 58-63, according to an abstract available in English, describes a process of ethanol extraction and subsequent alkaline extraction of lignans from defatted flaxseed meal to demonstrate that the residual products from flaxseed oil extraction can be further utilized, albeit on a milligram scale.

[0006] WO 2014 / 174220A1 describes the acid hydrolysis of flaxseed mucilage obtained by extracting flaxseed itself with a solvent. The acidified solution is then neutralized with a base and a series of ultrafiltrations are carried out to obtain a mixture of neutral oligosaccharides, which can then be used to stimulate the repair process of human skin, improve the strength and flexibility of the skin, and protect the skin against external factors.

[0007] WO 2002 / 062812 A1 describes a process for extracting various components contained in cold pressed ground flaxseed, such as fats and fat-soluble compounds, and finally secoisolariciresinol diglucoside.

[0008] Russian Patent No. 2437552C1, translated into English, describes a process for extracting edible protein from non-sticky flaxseed cake for the food industry.

[0009] Mueller, Klaus et al., Functional properties and chemical composition of fractionated brown and yellow linseed meal (Linum usitatissium L.), Journal of Food Engineering 98 (2010) p. 453-460, describes a process for preparing a soluble dietary fiber extract from deoiled linseed meal, in which in a first step the deoiled linseed meal is extracted by acid extraction at pH 4.0 and 15°C, and the residual solids are further extracted in a second step by alkaline extraction at an elevated temperature of pH 8.0 and 35°C. The supernatant of said second step is then precipitated at an elevated temperature of pH 4.0 and 35°C and subjected to centrifugation. The supernatant is then neutralized and spray dried to obtain soluble dietary fiber. Soluble dietary fibres have the disadvantages of a fairly high protein content of 15.6-32.3% by weight and a fat content of 0.5-0.6% by weight, as well as a fairly high viscosity, especially at low temperatures.

[0010] In the cosmetics industry, there is a trend towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly products. To date, persistent and non-biodegradable synthetic polymers are one of the most important performance-imparting materials in cosmetic applications, providing rheology, film formation, fixation to both hair and material surfaces, and stabilization of ingredients in heterogeneous systems. Currently, natural and / or biodegradable polymers are offered as alternatives to synthetic polymers, but they do not provide the same level of performance as the synthetic materials. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0011] The problem underlying the present invention is therefore to provide a bio-based material that has advantageous cosmetic properties. Preferably, this material will be biodegradable. [Means for solving the problem]

[0012] This problem is solved by the extract according to the invention, which is obtainable by the process according to the invention.

[0013] The process according to the invention, which is a first subject of the present invention, is a process for producing an extract of flax seeds (Linum usitatissimum), comprising the steps of: a) providing defatted flax (Linum usitatissimum) seed material; b1) optionally washing the material with ethanol to remove some of the residual fat still contained in the material; or b2) optionally heat treating the defatted flax (Linum usitatissimum) seed material at a temperature of 100-200°C, preferably 135-190°C, preferably 150-180°C; c) extracting the material from step a) or optionally one of steps b1) or b2) in a first extraction with water at a temperature of 0-20°C, preferably 0-15°C, preferably 10-15°C and a pH value of less than 6, preferably 1-5.5, preferably 3-5, thereby obtaining a first liquid and a first solid, d) separating the first liquid and the first solid; e) extracting the first solid obtained in step d) with a second extraction with water at a temperature of 0-25°C, preferably 0-15°C, preferably 10-15°C and a pH value of above 7, preferably 7.5-14, preferably 7.5-8.5, thereby obtaining a second liquid and a second solid, f) separating the second liquid and the second solid; g) heating the second liquid obtained in step f) to a temperature of 80° C. or higher, preferably to a temperature of 80 to 100° C.; h) cooling the heated second liquid from step g) to a temperature below 60°C, preferably between 0 and 60°C, preferably between 50 and 60°C, whereby a precipitate is formed; or i) removing water from the second liquid obtained in step f), thereby forming a precipitate; j) removing the precipitate from step h) or i), thereby obtaining a third liquid. The process includes:

[0014] The dependent process claims are the subject matter of specific embodiments of the invention.

[0015] In the process of the present invention, the defatted flax (Linum usitatissimum) seed material may be used directly in the first extraction step c).

[0016] In an alternative embodiment, the defatted flax (Linum usitatissimum) seed material may optionally be washed with ethanol in optional step b1) to remove some of the residual fat still contained in this raw material prior to the first extraction step c).

[0017] In a second alternative embodiment, the defatted flax (Linum usitatissimum) seed material may be optionally heat treated in an optional step b2) prior to the first extraction step c) at a temperature of 100-200°C, preferably 135-190°C, preferably 150-180°C. Said optional heat treatment step is preferably carried out in a dry environment, so that this optional heat treatment step may also be referred to as an optional roasting step. The optional heat treatment step, preferably the optional roasting step, is preferably carried out for a period of 15 minutes to 10 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 7 hours, preferably 1 hour to 6 hours, preferably 2 hours to 5 hours.

[0018] It has been found that the optional alternative embodiments of washing with ethanol and heat treatment both reduce the microbial ballast in defatted flax (Linum usitatissimum) seed material, making the optional heat treatment more effective.

[0019] Furthermore, the optional heat treatment reduces the molecular weight Mw of both the liquid and solid final extracts, so that this optional heat treatment can be used to obtain both the liquid and solid final extracts with a predetermined molecular weight Mw. By adjusting the molecular weight of both the liquid and solid final extracts, the performance of both the liquid and solid final extracts can be fine-tuned.

[0020] The process according to the invention is characterized by a first extraction step c) under acidic conditions at a pH value below 6, preferably between 1 and 5.5, preferably between 3 and 5, at a low temperature between 0 and 20°C, preferably between 0 and 15°C, preferably between 10 and 15°C, to obtain a first solid, and a second extraction step e) of the first solid obtained from said first extraction step under alkaline conditions at a pH value above 7, preferably between 7.5 and 14, preferably between 7.5 and 8.5, at a low temperature between 0 and 25°C, preferably between 0 and 15°C, preferably between 10 and 15°C, to obtain a second liquid.

[0021] The second liquid is precipitated in step g) by heating the second liquid to a temperature of 80° C. or higher, preferably between 80° C. and 100° C., and then in step h) by cooling the heated second liquid to a temperature of 60° C. or lower, preferably between 0 and 60° C., preferably between 50 and 60° C., or alternatively in step i) by removing water from the second liquid, preferably in a distillation column. The precipitate is then removed in step j) to obtain a third liquid.

[0022] Thereby, it is preferred not to adapt the pH of the liquid during the transfer from the second liquid to the third liquid in steps g) and h) or alternatively in step i).

[0023] The process of the present invention comprises: k) removing water from the third liquid obtained in step j), thereby obtaining a third solid having a water content of 0-5% by weight, preferably 0-2% by weight, more preferably 0-1% by weight. It may further include.

[0024] Another subject of the invention is an extract obtainable by the process according to the invention, which may be liquid (called third liquid in the claims herein) or in a particular embodiment solid (called third solid in the claims herein).

[0025] Further subject matters of the present invention are cosmetic compositions (which are the subject matter or claim 13; claim 14 is a specific embodiment) and the use of the extract according to the invention or the cosmetic composition according to the invention (which are the subject matter of claims 15 to 17). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0026] The following embodiments are further embodiments of the present invention. 15. The cosmetic composition according to claim 13 or 14, further comprising at least one polymer for rheology modification selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, dehydroxoxoxanthan gum, hydroxypropyl xanthan gum, cellulose gum, algin, deutan gum, tara gum, tragacanth gum, Acacia gum extract, acrylamide / sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate copolymer, acrylates / beheneth-25 copolymer, carbomer, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride and xanthan hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, wherein the at least one polymer for rheology modification is preferably present in an amount of 0.1 to 4.0% by weight of the cosmetic composition. The cosmetic composition according to claim 13 or 14 or the cosmetic composition according to the previous embodiments, further comprising at least one buffering agent selected from the group consisting of lactic acid, adipic acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, aminomethylpropanediol, aminomethylpropanol, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, triethanolamine, diethanolamine, galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, glutaric acid, monosodium citrate, succinic acid, sodium succinate and sodium citrate, wherein this buffering agent is preferably present in an amount necessary to reach a pH value between 4 and 9. The cosmetic composition according to claim 13 or 14 or the composition according to any of the previous embodiments, wherein the third liquid according to claim 10 or the third solid according to claim 11 is present in an amount of 0.1 to 5.0 wt.-%, preferably 0.3 to 3.0 wt.-%. The cosmetic composition according to claim 14 or any of the preceding embodiments referring to claim 14, wherein the third liquid according to claim 10 or the third solid according to claim 11 is present in an amount of 0.3 to 3.0 wt.-% and the at least one surfactant is present in an amount of 0.5 to 5.0 wt.-%.

[0027] In a particular embodiment of the invention, the extract according to the invention (in liquid form according to claim 10 or in solid form according to claim 11) comprises 3-15% by weight, preferably 5-12% by weight, of protein and 1-15% by weight, preferably 2-10% by weight of starch. EXAMPLES

[0028] Example 1: Preparation of alkaline extract (X) The extract was prepared by a method including the following steps. 1) Providing a dispersion of 0.1 kg of crushed / shredded flax (Linum usitatissimum) chunks in 1 kg of water; 2) Cooling the dispersion to 10-15°C; 3) acidifying the dispersion with acetic acid (to pH 4); 4) Stirring with continuous pH and temperature adjustment to maintain a constant pH of 4 and temperature of 15° C. The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes and the pH remained constant at 4 with no further adjustments required; 5) Transfer the dispersion to a centrifuge and centrifuge at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes to separate the solid and liquid phases. Discard the liquid portion (about 0.7 kg) and retain the solids (about 0.3 kg); 6) Transfer the isolated (not dried) solids to a vessel equipped with a stirrer, disperse in 1 kg of water and cool to 15°C; 7) Adding 50% KOH solution with stirring, keeping the temperature constant at 15° C., until a pH of 8 is reached; 8) Stirring the mixture for 1 hour at 15° C. without any further pH adjustment; 9) Transfer the mixture to a centrifuge and centrifuge at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes; 10) Decanting the supernatant into a stirred and heated container and discarding the solid layer; 11) Stirring the supernatant for 10 minutes at 90°C; 12) Cooling the mixture to 55°C and transferring it to a centrifuge after precipitation occurs during heating and stirring; 13) Centrifuge the mixture at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes; 14) Discard the gelatinous solids and retain the supernatant liquid (0.7 kg); 15) Transfer 0.7 kg of this supernatant to a distillation apparatus and concentrate until a solids content of 5% is determined gravimetrically. This gives a stable off-white dispersion; 16) Transfer this dispersion to a freeze dryer and dry to obtain 0.01-0.02 kg of an off-white powder (X).

[0029] Example 2: Preparation of acidic extract (Y) The extract was prepared by a method including the following steps. 1) Providing a dispersion of 0.1 kg of crushed / shredded flax (Linum usitatissimum) chunks in 1 kg of water; 2) Cool to 10-15°C; 3) Acidifying the expanded / dispersed mass with acetic acid (to pH 4); 4) Stirring with continuous pH and temperature adjustment to maintain a constant pH of 4 and temperature of 15° C. The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes and the pH remained constant at 4 with no further adjustments required; 5) Transfer the dispersion to a centrifuge and centrifuge at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes to separate the solid and liquid phases. Retain the liquid portion (0.7 kg) and transfer it to a distillation apparatus; 6) Concentrating 0.7 kg of liquid to 5% solids in a distillation apparatus followed by centrifugation at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes to separate the liquid from any precipitate; 7) The remaining liquid was transferred to a freeze dryer and dried to 99.5% active content, isolating 0.02 kg of an off-white / yellow powder (Y).

[0030] Example 3: Preparation of VOC formulations A VOC10 formulation was prepared according to the table below.

[0031] [Table 1]

[0032] Example 4: Performance of VOC formulations in curl retention test The curl retention of composition X according to the present invention was tested in a standardized VOC10 pump spray formulation in comparison to an alternative acidic extract Y and two synthetic polymers, vinylpyrrolidone / vinyl acetate (VP / VA) copolymer and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).

[0033] The curl retention of these formulations was measured as follows: A dark brown hair tress (15 cm long) of 2 g of free hair was tied together in a circular lace of 1 cm length. The hair tress was used after bleaching with 5% hydrogen peroxide. Each polymer was formulated in a solution of ethanol and water with a VOC content of 50% (unless otherwise stated) and the pH of these formulations was adjusted to 6-9 using lactic acid or aminomethylpropanol (AMP) (comparative polymer examples without amine or acid functionality did not need to be neutralized in this way, comparative examples with acid functionality were neutralized with AMP). The hair tress was immersed in deionized water for 15 minutes, followed by squeezing excess water out of the tress between two fingers. The wet hair tress was wrapped around a guided Teflon curler to curl the entire tress consistently. The curler with the hair tress was then dried at 70° C. for at least 3 hours and then cooled overnight. Each hair tress was unwound and attached to a laboratory stirrer, and about 2 g of polymer solution was sprayed from a pump spray device at a distance of 20 cm while rotating the tress at 70 rpm. Five such tresses were prepared per polymer sample. The tresses were then dried on filter paper under ambient conditions for 1 hour, then hung on a rack equipped with a scale and placed in a climate chamber at 25°C and 90% rh, and the initial length of the tress and the length after 5 hours and 24 hours were recorded accordingly.

[0034] Curl retention (CR) was calculated using the following formula: CR(%)=[(LL t ) / (L-L0)]×100 (Where, L = hair length (15 cm) L0 = Length of hair curl, starting L t = Length of hair curl after a given period (5 hours / 24 hours) was used to calculate.

[0035] [Table 2]

[0036] Composition X according to the invention in formulation C shows a significantly higher performance of over 70% curl retention with only 0.7% active compared to synthetic polymers, which provide curl retention in the region of 30% with the same amount of active (0.7%). Acid extract Y (in formulation D) showed a similar level of performance to the synthetic polymers.

[0037] Example 5: Preparation of gel formulation Gel formulations containing synthetic rheology modifiers were prepared according to the following table.

[0038] [Table 3]

[0039] Example 6: Performance of gel formulations in bending stiffness testing The described formulations were tested on hair for bending stiffness according to the following method. For this test, a Caucasian dark brown hair tress (weight 2 g and length 15 cm) was used, which was formed into a circle with a lace and had a bond length of 1 cm. The hair was moderately bleached with 5% hydrogen peroxide before the test procedure. Seven such hair tresses were used per product tested. To test pump spray type formulations, a polymer solution was prepared with a polymer content of 3% by neutralizing 30% by weight of the available amine functional groups using lactic acid. Dilution with ethanol or water was required to reach the desired VOC content of the test solution. Each hair tress was immersed in the polymer solution, removed from this solution, and each hair tress was reformed into a circle and excess hair was gathered by passing the tress through the fingers without applying pressure. This process was repeated once more. The tress was then soaked again and pulled through a specially designed Teflon foam (from top to bottom) to remove excess, and the tress was pulled through the Teflon foam three times without further soaking. The formed tress was then hung vertically on a rack and allowed to dry for at least 1 hour under normal laboratory conditions. After drying, the rack and tress were placed in a climate chamber at 65% relative humidity and 21°C overnight. The maximum force required to break the tress was then measured (cN) using an apparatus equipped with a three-point bending stiffness test mechanism that can measure the force required to break the tress. This process was repeated for the remaining tresses to obtain an average value of the maximum force before breakage. This value was then converted to a percentage by the following formula: %BS = (BS / 1000) x 100

[0040] The results of bending stiffness testing of gel formulations G, H, I and J are set forth in the table below.

[0041] [Table 4]

[0042] The gels containing 3% synthetic styling polymer (G and H) performed at the lower and upper limits in terms of bending stiffness, while composition X according to the invention contained in formulation I performed close to the upper limit of the scale at the same level of use as the synthetic polymer. Composition Y obtained via the acidic extraction route (in formulation J) performed below the lower limit of the scale defined in the synthesis examples.

[0043] The previous two examples demonstrate that the compositions of the present invention can match and even outperform synthetic polymers, despite being a) compositions based on natural ingredients, and b) biodegradable / non-permanent.

[0044] Example 7: UV protection / reduction of UV damage To evaluate the ability of the products to protect against the harmful effects of UV light, extracts X and Y were applied to a flat blonde hair tress with a free hair length of 12 cm and a width of 2 cm, and 0.7 g and 0.5 g weights of 3% solutions of X and Y, respectively, were applied by pipette to 10 strands of said tress and spread using a conventional hair dyeing brush.The hair was then dried overnight under controlled temperature (21°C) and humidity (40% RH) conditions. The amount of damage caused to the hair tresses by UV light was quantified by determining the resulting hair protein denaturation temperature (typically 130-150 °C depending on the level of damage) by DSC measurements as described in "Wortmann, Deutz, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 48 (1993) 137; Wortmann et al., J. Cosmet. Sci. 53 (2002) 219; Istrate et al., Macromol. Biosci. 9 (2009) 805". The dried hair tresses were then exposed to 80 W / m2 UV light for 24 or 48 h in pairs at all times. 2 The tresses were exposed to UV light (300-400 nm) at 400 nm for 10 min. After exposure, the tresses were washed with a typical surfactant solution and warm water and then dried. A sample of each tress was then analyzed for protein denaturation temperature by DSC.

[0045] The UV protection test results are summarized in the table below.

[0046] [Table 5]

[0047] The decrease in denaturation temperature relative to that of untreated hair was significantly reduced after exposure to UV light as described for 24 and 48 hours, respectively.

[0048] This equates to a greater than 40% improvement in reducing UV damage or increasing UV protection when using Extract X compared to placebo; Extract Y also showed improvement over untreated hair, although not as pronounced as Extract X.

[0049] [Table 6]

[0050] Example 8: Alkaline extraction at high temperature In Comparative Example 8, the process of Example 1 was repeated with the difference that in steps 7) and 8), the pH was not further adjusted, the temperature was kept constant at 50°C, and the mixture was stirred at 50°C for 1 hour.

[0051] Thereby, the alkaline extraction step at high temperature poses a significant obstacle to cleanly separating the performance product from other components due to the increased viscosity relative to Example 1, as can be seen by comparing the separation performance of Example 8 and Example 1 in Tables 7 and 8 below.

[0052] [Table 7]

[0053] The resulting powder (Z) was compared with the powder (X) from Example 1 in terms of viscosity and spray particle size. For this purpose, 1% and 2% aqueous solutions as well as the VOC15 formulation (see Table 1, containing 15% ethanol instead of 10% ethanol) were used. The results are shown in Table 8.

[0054] [Table 8]

[0055] The warm extract is more viscous and when sprayed from a suitable container as a 1% aqueous solution results in much larger particles, i.e. the desirable fine spray characteristics expected from a cosmetic spray cannot be achieved; this effect is more pronounced in a typical VOC (volatile organic content) 15 formulation where the volatile component is ethanol typical of commercial pump spray applications.

[0056] Example 9: Roasting of pressed flaxseed meal before extraction Extracts (X1) to (X5) were produced by a method including the following steps. 1) Providing a dispersion of 0.1 kg of roasted and pressed / shredded flax (Linum usitatissimum) chunks in 1 kg of water; 2) Cooling the dispersion to 10-15°C; 3) acidifying the dispersion with acetic acid (to pH 4); 4) Stirring with continuous pH and temperature adjustment to maintain a constant pH of 4 and temperature of 15° C. The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes and the pH remained constant at 4 with no further adjustments required; 5) Transfer the dispersion to a centrifuge and centrifuge at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes to separate the solid and liquid phases. Discard the liquid portion (about 0.7 kg) and retain the solids (about 0.3 kg); 6) Transfer the isolated (not dried) solids to a vessel equipped with a stirrer, disperse in 1 kg of water and cool to 15°C; 7) Adding 50% KOH solution with stirring, keeping the temperature constant at 15° C., until a pH of 8 is reached; 8) Stirring the mixture for 1 hour at 15° C. without any further pH adjustment; 9) Transfer the mixture to a centrifuge and centrifuge at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes; 10) Decanting the supernatant and discarding the solid layer; 11) Transfer 0.7 kg of this supernatant to a distillation apparatus and concentrate until a solids content of 5% is determined gravimetrically. This results in a stable off-white dispersion; 12) The dispersion was transferred to a centrifuge and centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes; 13) The supernatant was transferred to a freeze dryer and dried to obtain 0.01-0.02 kg of an off-white powder (X).

[0057] In this regard, in the case of extracts (X1) to (X5), as shown in Table 9, the roasting procedure was changed by varying the roasting temperature from 150°C to 180°C and the roasting time from 1 hour to 3 hours.

[0058] [Table 9]

[0059] Example 10: Determination of the microbial ballast of the extract Extract (X1) was compared with an extract prepared according to the process described in Example 9, where the pressed flaxseed meal was pretreated separately. The aerobic count of this sample indicates the microbial ballast in this sample. The results are shown in Table 10.

[0060] [Table 10]

[0061] Pretreatment by a roasting step at 150°C for 2 hours on either freshly opened roasted pressed linseed meal or on pressed linseed meal opened 7 months prior to the roasting step both show exceptionally low aerobic bacteria counts. A roasting step at 120°C for 4 hours already results in a significant reduction in aerobic bacteria counts compared to untreated pressed linseed meal. Pretreatment with ethanol, a known method for sterilizing pressed linseed meal, is not as effective as pretreatment by roasting.

[0062] Example 11: Characteristics of pretreated extracts (X1) to (X5) The molecular weights Mw of the extracts (X1) to (X5) obtained from the process of Example 9 were measured. In addition, the extracts (X1) to (X5) were subjected to the bending stiffness test described in Example 6. The results are shown in Table 11.

[0063] [Table 11]

[0064] It is found that the molecular weight of the extract can be adjusted by the conditions of the roasting process: the more severe the roasting conditions, the lower the molecular weight.

[0065] Therefore, molecular weight directly affects the bending stiffness of the extract: the lower the molecular weight, the lower the bending stiffness. Therefore, pre-treatment steps can be used to fine-tune the performance of the extract.

Claims

1. 1. A process for producing an extract of flax (Linum usitatissimum) seeds, comprising: a) providing defatted flax (Linum usitatissimum) seed material; b1) optionally washing the material with ethanol to remove some of the residual fat still contained in the material, or b2) optionally heat treating the defatted flax (Linum usitatissimum) seed material at a temperature of 100-200°C, preferably 135-190°C, preferably 150-180°C; c) extracting the material from step a) or optionally one of steps b1) or b2) in a first extraction with water at a temperature of 0-20°C, preferably 0-15°C, preferably 10-15°C and a pH value of less than 6, preferably 1-5.5, preferably 3-5, thereby obtaining a first liquid and a first solid, d) separating the first liquid and the first solid; e) extracting the first solid obtained in step d) with a second extraction with water at a temperature of 0-25°C, preferably 0-15°C, preferably 10-15°C and a pH value above 7, preferably 7.5-14, preferably 7.5-8.5, thereby obtaining a second liquid and a second solid, f) separating the second liquid and the second solid; g) heating the second liquid obtained in step f) to a temperature of 80°C or higher, preferably to a temperature of 80-100°C; h) cooling the heated second liquid from step g) to a temperature below 60°C, preferably between 0 and 60°C, preferably between 50 and 60°C, whereby a precipitate is formed; or i) removing water from the second liquid obtained in step f), thereby forming a precipitate; j) removing the precipitate from step h) or i), thereby obtaining a third liquid. A process involving:

2. k) removing water from the third liquid obtained in step j), thereby obtaining a third solid having a water content of 0 to 5% by weight, preferably 0 to 2% by weight, more preferably 0 to 1% by weight.

10. The process of claim 1 further comprising:

3. 10. The process of claim 1, wherein the water in the first extraction is acidified with an acid selected from the group consisting of citric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, tartaric acid, and mixtures thereof.

4. 2. The process of claim 1, wherein the pH value of the water in the second extraction is obtained by adding a base selected from the group consisting of KOH, NaOH, aminomethylpropanol (AMP), triethanolamine, and mixtures thereof to the water.

5. 10. The process of claim 1, wherein the separation of the first liquid and the first solid in step d) is performed in a centrifuge.

6. 10. The process of claim 1, wherein the separation of the second liquid and the second solid in step f) is performed in a centrifuge.

7. 10. The process of claim 1, wherein the removal of water from the second liquid in step i) is carried out in a distillation column.

8. 3. The process of claim 2, wherein the removal of water from the third liquid in step k) is carried out in a freeze dryer or a spray dryer.

9. 2. The process of claim 1, wherein the amount of water used in the first extraction and the second extraction is 5 to 20 times, preferably 8 to 12 times, the amount of the defatted flax (Linum usitatissimum) seed material provided.

10. A third liquid obtainable according to the process of claim 1.

11. A third solid obtainable according to the process of claim 2.

12. 11. The third liquid according to claim 10, comprising 3 to 15% by weight, preferably 5 to 10% by weight, of protein species and 1 to 15% by weight, preferably 2 to 10% by weight, of starch.

13. A cosmetic composition comprising the third liquid according to claim 10 and a solvent selected from the group consisting of water, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, n-pentane, and combinations thereof, and optionally further comprising at least one emulsifier, and optionally further comprising at least one pH adjuster.

14. 14. The composition of claim 13, comprising at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of decyl glucoside, coconut oil alkyl glucoside, polyquaternium-77, coconut oil alkyl glucoside citrate disodium, coconut oil alkyl glucoside methyl, (sodium hydroxypropyl sulfonate / coconut oil alkyl glucoside) crosspolymer, ammonium laureth sulfate, sodium cocoamphoacetate, and sodium laureth sulfate.

15. Use of the third liquid according to claim 10 for hair styling.

16. 11. Use of the third liquid according to claim 10 for conditioning hair or skin.

17. 14. A cosmetic composition according to claim 13 for use in the treatment of hair or skin protection against UV radiation.