Loading means, especially fork arms

Abstract

The invention relates to a loading means (5), in particular a fork arm (7) for a forklift or a lift truck, comprising at least one longitudinally extending fork prong (8), the fork prong (8) having a conveying surface (11) for receiving the transported goods and a fork tip (13) at a first end (12) which is a free end in the longitudinal extension, the fork prong (8) having a longitudinal support (14) made of plastic, the longitudinal support (14) extending in the longitudinal extension at least substantially along the entire fork prong (8) and the fork prong (8) having at least one support element (15-19) made of a material having a strength higher than the strength of the longitudinal support.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The invention relates to a load handling means, in particular a fork arm for a forklift or a lift vehicle, which comprises at least one longitudinally extending fork prong having a transport surface for receiving the transported goods and having a fork tip at a first end, which is a free end in the longitudinal extension, and which is formed from a plurality of parts.Furthermore, the invention relates to a transport vehicle, in particular a forklift or a lift vehicle, which comprises a vehicle body and at least one load handling means, in particular a fork arm, which is in particular displaceably arranged on the vehicle body and which is formed as described above. [Background technology]

[0002] The above-mentioned types of load handling means and transport vehicles are already known in the prior art. For example, EP 0 739 854 A1 describes a fork arm for a forklift truck, which has a substantially horizontally extending fork prong, which is arranged on a substantially vertically extending fork back of the fork arm. The fork back can be attached to a fork support of the transport vehicle. The fork prong consists of individual plates lying next to each other, which are held non-slidably relative to one another and each take on the complete contour of a fork arm in a side view. It is further proposed that intermediate plates or intermediate segments made of plastic, which are used for noise dampening, can also be arranged in the region of the fork back.

[0003] Known load handling means suffer from the problem of their high weight, which must be carried and moved by the transport vehicle in addition to the weight of the goods to be transported. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The problem underlying the invention is to provide an improved load handling means, in particular in which the weight of the load handling means is reduced, in particular without thereby compromising the mechanical properties or the load-bearing capacity of the load handling means. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] The problem underlying the present invention is solved by a loading device with the features of claim 1. This loading device has the advantage that the weight of the fork tines is reduced in a cost-effective and energy-saving manner by simple means. This can be achieved according to the invention in that the fork tines have a longitudinal support made of plastic, which extends at least substantially along the entire fork tines in the longitudinal extension of the fork tines. This simultaneously increases the corrosion resistance of the fork tines. The fork tines can thus be partially made of plastic, and since the plastic extends at least substantially along the entire fork tines, a large part of the fork tines can now be made of plastic. This reduces the weight of the fork tines, which are otherwise often made of metal. In particular a weight reduction of about 25% to 90%, in particular 35% to 50%, is achieved compared to conventional fork tines made of metal. In order to maintain the robustness of the fork tines at the level of conventional fork tines, the fork tines furthermore have according to the invention at least one support element made of a material that has a higher wear resistance than that of the longitudinal support or plastic. Wear resistance in the sense of the invention means in particular wear resistance. The design of the fork tines as a composite component made of a longitudinal support and at least one support element, each made of different materials, provides a reduced weight and approximately the same or a higher load capacity in comparison with conventional fork tines, in particular for the same required installation space or the same size and volume of the fork tines. Furthermore, the design of the load handling means according to the invention has the advantage that the load handling means can also be used in situations where conventional fork arms made of steel cannot be used or can only be used to a limited extent. To be able to use the fork arms in danger zones where the flying of sparks must be avoided, fork arms made of special steel are used. This is however relatively expensive to manufacture and, depending on tribology and friction, can nevertheless show a tendency to form sparks.The design according to the invention achieves a low-cost prevention of sparks. In this case, it is sufficient if the support elements attached to the outside, for example in the form of external reinforcements, are manufactured from stainless steel. As a result, only a small part of the load handling means is manufactured from stainless steel, so that the manufacturing costs are generally relatively low. The support elements located on the inside are enveloped by plastic, so that sparks cannot occur. The invention further has the advantage that the prongs of the load handling means deform only in a particularly elastic manner under high loads, especially when a fiber-reinforced plastic is used as the plastic. In contrast, prongs made of metal fatigue and are then permanently distorted and become unusable. As a result, a longer service life of the load handling means is achieved according to the invention. The load handling means is particularly firmly attached or can be attached to the transport vehicle or is designed so that it can be attached to the transport vehicle in a detachable manner, especially replaceable. Particularly preferably, the loading means comprises two fork tines which are configured as explained above and which are in particular arranged parallel to one another and spaced apart from one another, so that the conveying surfaces of the fork tines lie at least substantially in a common conveying surface plane. Preferably, the two fork tines are arranged or held on a common fork back.

[0006] Preferably, the plastic of the longitudinal support has a strength of 600 kg / m 3 ~3,000kg / m 3 Or 0.6 to 3.0 g / cm 3 Particularly preferred is a density in the range of 1,400 kg / m 3 ~2,100kg / m 3 Or 1.2 to 2.5 g / cm 3 The plastic further preferably has a breaking elongation A of 0.2 to 8.1% and a hardening temperature of 20°C to 700°C. The longitudinal supports preferably have a hardness of 1,500 N / mm 2 ~30,000N / mm 2 , preferably 2,000N / mm 2 ~5,000N / mm 2It has a tensile strength of

[0007] Particularly preferably, at least one support element, in particular made of metal and attached to the outside or inside of the longitudinal support, has a resistance of 4,500 kg / m 3 ~8,900kg / m 3 Density in the range of 300N / mm 2 ~1,450N / mm 2 0.05 kg / m 2, a breaking elongation A of 10% to 55% and a melting temperature of 500° C. to 5,500° C. More preferably, if the support element is made of a material other than metal, in particular if it is mounted in or against the longitudinal support, this material has a tensile strength of 150 kg / m 2 3 ~4,000kg / m 3 Density: 10N / mm 2 ~30,000N / mm 2 and a tensile strength of 0.2% to 900%, a breaking elongation A of 0.2% to 900%, and a decomposition or hardening temperature of -20°C to 1,000°C.

[0008] According to a preferred development of the invention, the longitudinal support is made of fiber-reinforced plastic, in particular glass- or carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic. This advantageously further increases the robustness or load-bearing capacity of the longitudinal support itself, without the weight of the fork claws increasing appreciably. Optionally, the longitudinal support is made of several layers with fiber-reinforced plastic, the fiber orientation of adjacent layers being preferably different from each other in order to further increase the stability of the longitudinal support. The longitudinal support is then in particular laminated, extruded, pressed, injection-molded, vulcanized, laminated, loaded, vacuum-pressed and / or vacuum-drawn.

[0009] More preferably, at least one support element extends as a core element in the longitudinal extension of the fork prong and is at least substantially surrounded by plastic from the periphery. In particular, the core element is covered or surrounded by plastic on at least one of the longitudinal faces of the core element, which is in particular vertical (when used as specified) and / or at least on the approximately horizontal upper face. The support element is thus arranged integrated in the fork prong or in the longitudinal support, so as to form the core of the fork prong. Due to the support element being surrounded by plastic from the periphery, i.e. in cross section, the support element is arranged protected inside the longitudinal support. This also achieves that the support element does not come into contact with the transported goods itself, so that, for example, wear of the support element and / or the transported goods is advantageously prevented by the plastic jacket of the longitudinal support. Furthermore, the covering of the core element by the plastic of the longitudinal support has the advantage that an advantageous mechanical connection between the plastic and the core element is ensured.

[0010] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the core element and / or the at least one support element are made of wood, plastic, metal, sand, stone, cardboard, foam, textile, granules, glass, wool or ceramic. A metal construction ensures a particularly high screw-fastening strength for the external and / or internal reinforcements of the fork tines, while a wood construction offers the advantage that the core element itself is also designed in a weight-saving manner, thus further reducing the weight of the fork tines. The core element, in particular the wood core, is used as a support for the plastic of the longitudinal support and is therefore cost-effective and sustainable in terms of production, since the shape of the core element can be designed at least substantially independently of the shape of the fork tines themselves. The core element can thus have, for example, a square, circular, oval, polygonal or triangular cross section, so that the shape of the fork tines, in particular in the region of the conveying surface of the fork tines, is not influenced in any way. According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the at least one support element is likewise made from plastic, in this case from a plastic material which, however, differs from the material properties of the longitudinal support.

[0011] Preferably, the core element has at least two support elements, which run parallel to one another and are surrounded together by plastic. The two support elements thus form the core element of the fork prong and are encased or bounded by plastic. The support elements are held together by plastic, which contributes to robustness and manufacturing advantages of the fork prong. The choice and number of support elements, in particular of the support elements of the core element, allows the adaptation of the fork prong to different boundary conditions, for example to different possible weight classes of the transported goods, so that for example the fork prong can be advantageously adapted to different loads when the external dimensions are constant, by the choice of one or more core elements in terms of number and material. Preferably, the support elements abut one another directly in the plastic, so that during production they can be simply wrapped or sheathed, for example by plastic during casting. Optionally, the core element has more than two support elements, for example three or four.

[0012] Preferably, the at least two support elements are made of the same or different materials. The choice of materials for the two support elements can further influence the load-bearing capacity and the total weight of the fork prongs. Thus, the materials are preferably selected such that advantageous mechanical properties for the core element result from the material combination.

[0013] According to a first development of the invention, the longitudinal supports, the support elements and / or the core elements are preferably solid and made of one or more parts. When the core element comprises several support elements, the support elements are preferably each solid and abut one another to form an at least substantially closed cross section. This results in a particularly high load-bearing capacity of the load handling means.

[0014] According to a second development of the invention, the support element, the core element and / or the longitudinal support have at least one through passage for guiding a gaseous or liquid medium and / or at least one connecting cable. For this purpose, the core element is provided with holes or through passages, for example, especially in the longitudinal direction. According to another embodiment of the invention, at least one of the support elements or at least one support element is preferably formed as a hollow element, for example as a tube, in particular made of steel or wood and having a circular, rectangular or polygonal cross section. Making the support element hollow or providing a through passage further reduces the weight of the core element and, as a result, also the weight of the fork prongs. Optionally, the support elements of the core element are arranged and formed in such a way that they form at least one through passage between themselves. In this case, the support element itself is preferably formed solid. The formation of a through-channel for guiding a gaseous or liquid medium, for example a cooling medium, a fire extinguishing medium or the like, or an electrical connection cable, for example a connection cable connected to a sensor device, a weighing device or a camera device in the region of the fork tip, the fork prong or the fork back, increases the availability of advantageous load handling means. The inventive design of the fork arm allows a low-cost integration of the through-channel into the fork prong. Optionally, the through-channel is formed by a tube element which runs through the support element or through one of the support elements, but which is formed as a separate component. Thus, a metal tube, in particular an aluminum tube, which forms the through-channel is inserted in a support element, which is made, for example, from wood and which extends through the longitudinal support as a core element. The tube element is inserted for this purpose in particular into a hole or a corresponding through-opening in the support element. Particularly preferably, the through passage communicates with a fire extinguishing device, in particular an extinguishing device which can be controlled to operate, in particular arranged at the end of the prong portion opposite the back or bent portion of the prong, and which has, for example, an injection nozzle by means of which the extinguishing agent pumped through the through passage can be injected.

[0015] Preferably, each support element is made from wood, which has been found to provide a high degree of stability for the fork tines, sufficient stability in many cases, and which is low cost to manufacture.

[0016] According to a preferred embodiment, the support elements each have a square cross section, which on the one hand results in low-cost production and on the other hand results in simple use in the fork tines. In particular, this also results in scalability, since several support elements with the same square cross section are arranged next to each other, and the number and material of the support elements can be selected, so that the load capacity of the fork tines can be individually adapted with little effort by also using several stiffening elements.

[0017] Particularly preferably, the core element has one, two, three, four, five or six support elements, which are at least in a row abutting or adjacent to one another and surrounded by plastic. This results in an advantageous stacking of the support elements, by means of which the fork prongs achieve the desired load-bearing capacity. The support elements preferably have the same cross-section. This reduces the variety of parts and simplifies production. Alternatively, at least two of the support elements each have a different cross-section. When several support elements are present, these support elements are preferably made of the same material. Optionally, at least two of the support elements each are made of different materials.

[0018] According to a preferred development of the invention, at least one support element is arranged on the longitudinal support as an external reinforcement. According to this embodiment, the support element is not thus integrated into the longitudinal support, but is arranged on the outside of the longitudinal support. The support element thus acts not only as an internal stiffening means, but also as an external protective element, which in particular protects the plastic of the longitudinal support from external influences (e.g. fiber isolation in the food industry). The support element is thus arranged, for example, on at least approximately vertical or horizontal longitudinal faces (in normal use) of the longitudinal support or of the fork tines, and extends along the longitudinal faces at least up to the fork tips. The longitudinal faces of the fork tines are thus advantageously protected and sealed by the support element. In this case, the support element is preferably made of metal as an external reinforcement. This reduces wear and abrasion of the fork tines. In this case, the support element is made in particular of steel, preferably high-grade steel. According to another embodiment, the external reinforcement is made from a material that is also plastic or food-grade material, but different from the plastic of the longitudinal support.

[0019] In particular, the external reinforcement forms the conveying surface of the fork tines together or entirely. This achieves that the plastic of the longitudinal support is not directly loaded, in particular by the goods to be carried. This reduces wear of the fork tines. To form the conveying surface, the support elements, in particular assigned to the longitudinal surface, overhang, for example in some areas, the upper and / or lower surface of the longitudinal support, so that the goods to be carried cannot be placed directly on the plastic or cannot come into contact with it. Alternatively or additionally, the external reinforcement is formed to extend beyond the upper surface of the longitudinal support to form the conveying surface or conveying surface section. Preferably, the respective support element, as an external reinforcement, is formed U- or C-shaped in cross section, so that it has two side legs and a base section, from which the side legs in particular project vertically. The side legs are in this case especially designed to overlap the surface of the fork claws or the longitudinal support in at least some areas, whereas the base section rests against the longitudinal surface of the fork claws or the longitudinal support. Alternatively, the support elements can be designed as external reinforcements in an I- or L-shaped cross section. With each of the above configurations, a particularly secure locking of the support elements on the longitudinal support is ensured. This further offers the advantage that the support elements themselves form or jointly form the conveying surface of the fork claws on the upper surface of the longitudinal support. One very considerable advantage is the sustainability and thus the eco-friendliness of the solution according to the invention, since the outer support elements, which must be replaced in accordance with the accident prevention regulation ISO 5057 at the time of wear of 10% of the cross section, can be carried out separately and thus relatively simply according to the invention.

[0020] Preferably, the fork prongs are connected to the fork back, in particular formed in one piece with the fork back, Optionally, the longitudinal support extends into the fork back in this case, so that the above-mentioned advantages and design variations also arise for the fork back.

[0021] According to a preferred development of the invention, the fork prong has, at its end facing away from the fork tip, a plug-in section which is plugged into a plug-in receptacle of the fork back of the fork arm. This results in a modular assembly of the fork prong and the fork back, which on the one hand allows simple mounting and dismantling of the fork prong on the fork back and on the other hand ensures easy exchangeability of the fork prong in the event of wear phenomena, without the need to replace the entire fork arm. The fork back is in particular shaped or oriented to extend transversely or perpendicularly to the fork prong and is used in particular for attaching the fork arm to the transport vehicle. For this purpose, the fork back has, for example, a retaining means for locking the fork arm to the transport vehicle. The retaining means are, for example, a retaining pin, a hook, a projection and / or a receptacle. In particular, the plug-in receptacle has a cross-section which at least substantially corresponds to the cross-section of the fork prong in the plug-in section, so that the fork prong can be introduced into the plug-in receptacle in a form-locking manner and almost without or without play. Optionally, locking means are present, by means of which the fork prongs can be attached to the fork back in a loss-proof manner, in particular detachably attached, so that unintentional detachment of the fork prongs from the fork back is always prevented.

[0022] Furthermore, the longitudinal support preferably has at least one recess in which a sensor, in particular a weight sensor, a temperature sensor, a distance sensor or a camera device is arranged in the prongs or in the back of the prongs. The sensor increases the functionality of the load handling means. Due to the advantageous construction of the longitudinal support from plastic, it is possible to achieve a low-cost production of one or more recesses for one or more sensors, in particular also afterwards. Particularly preferably, the recess has a through-passage leading to it in order to allow simple wiring of the sensor.

[0023] According to a preferred development of the invention, the respective support element is molded, screwed, riveted, glued and / or laminated and embedded in the respective longitudinal support, thereby ensuring a permanently secure connection between the support element and the longitudinal support. Preferably, the plastic is produced or processed by a loading process and is hardened by temperature and pressure, in particular in a mould tool, in which optionally at least one support element is also located, so that the plastic is advantageously moulded to the support element.

[0024] The transport vehicle according to the invention with the features of claim 19 is characterized by the inventive design of the load handling means as described above. This results in the advantages already mentioned. In particular the transport vehicle is an internal transport device which is designed to be motorized or hand-guided. The transport vehicle is thus preferably a forklift or a hand-guided lift vehicle (handlift). The forklift in particular comprises a fork support, to which the fork arms can be attached. Alternatively, the fork arms are rigidly attached, for example, to the body of the lift vehicle. If the load handling means is designed for use in a lift vehicle, it preferably comprises at least one running wheel, in particular one or two transport rollers, which are rotatably journalled on the fork tines in the region of the front end of the fork tines. This journalling preferably comprises means for raising and lowering the fork tines or for changing the vertical position of the running wheel relative to the fork tines.

[0025] Further advantages and preferred features and feature combinations can be seen in particular from the following description and the claims.The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of the drawings. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0026] [Figure 1] 1 is a simplified side view of a transport vehicle equipped with an advantageous load handling means; [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a loading means according to a first embodiment. [Diagram 3] FIG. 4 is a simplified cross-sectional view of a loading / unloading means according to a second embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 11 is a simplified cross-sectional view of a loading / unloading means according to a third embodiment. [Diagram 5] FIG. 11 is a simplified cross-sectional view of a loading / unloading means according to a fourth embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 13 is a simplified side view of a loading means according to a fifth embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 13 is a simplified side view of a loading means according to a sixth embodiment. [Figure 8] FIG. 13 is another side view of the loading means according to the seventh embodiment. [Figure 9] FIG. 13 is a simplified cross-sectional view of a loading / unloading means according to an eighth embodiment. [Figure 10A] 1 is a simplified diagram of a loading means exemplarily formed as a lift vehicle; [Figure 10B] 1 is a simplified diagram of a loading means exemplarily formed as a lift vehicle; [Figure 10C] 1 is a simplified diagram of a loading means exemplarily formed as a lift vehicle; [Figure 10D] 1 is a simplified diagram of a loading means exemplarily formed as a lift vehicle; [Figure 11] FIG. 4 is a simplified side view of a loading means according to another embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0027] 1 shows in a simplified diagram a transport vehicle 1, which in the present embodiment is configured as a forklift. The transport vehicle 1 has for this purpose a body 2, which is supported by a running gear 3, which has a number of wheels, preferably at least two of which are drive wheels and connected to the drive gear, at least two of which are steerable and connected to the steering gear. Furthermore, the transport vehicle 1 has a holding device 4 for an advantageous load handling means 5.

[0028] As is typical for forklifts 1, the lifting device 4 has a mast 6 on which a fork support (not shown) can be supported in a slidable manner in height. The mast and the fork support are generally manufactured from metal, usually from steel. However, in order to reduce weight, there is also the possibility of manufacturing the mast and the fork support from carbon fiber reinforced plastic. A loading means 5, here in the form of a fork arm 7, is attached, hung or detachably attached to the fork support. The loading means 5 is then adjustable in height and / or width by means of the fork support, so that the transported goods can be raised or lowered. Preferably, the forklift 1 comprises two loading means 5 or one loading means 5 with two fork tines 8, as will be explained below, where the two loading means 5 or the two fork tines 8 are attached to the fork support parallel to one another.

[0029] FIG. 2 shows a loading means 5 in the form of a fork arm 7 in a perspective view. The fork arm 7 comprises a fork prong 8 and a fork back 9. The fork prong 8 and the fork back 9 are oriented at an angle of 90° or approximately 90° to each other, so that in normal use the fork prong 8 is oriented approximately horizontally and the fork back 9 vertically, so that a fork bend is formed between the fork prong 8 and the fork back 9. The fork back 9 has a hook 10 for attachment to a fork support, which protrudes from the rear side of the fork back 9, facing away from the fork prong. The fork back 9 and the fork prong 8 are connected to each other in this case firmly, here in one piece. The fork prong 8 has a conveying surface 11 on the upper side of the fork prong 8, i.e. on the side facing the fork back 9, which is used for receiving the goods to be conveyed on the fork prong 8. The conveying surface 11 is formed continuously or with interruptions on the upper side of the fork prong 8. At the end 12 of the fork prong 8 opposite the fork back 9, the fork prong 8 further has a fork tip 13. By means of the fork tip 13, the fork arm 7 can penetrate under the transported item and the fork tip 13 facilitates the insertion of the fork prong 8 into, for example, a receiving opening of a pallet or the like. For this purpose, the fork tip 13 is formed so as to be tapered at least in one region, for example as shown in FIG.

[0030] The fork prong 8 further has a longitudinal support 14 made of plastic, which extends in a longitudinal extension from the fork back 9 to the fork tip 13 and thus over the entire length of the fork prong 8. If the fork back 9 is formed in one piece with the fork prong 8, as shown in the example of FIG. 2, the plastic longitudinal support 14 preferably extends through the fork back 9 as well. The plastic is in particular a glass-fiber-reinforced or carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic. In particular a carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic, the so-called carbon, is demonstrated here. Such plastics refer to those in which the carbon fibers are located in one or various directions in the plastic. This is an anisotropic material. The fibers may be, for example, unidirectional, bidirectional, non-impregnated, triaxial, quadriaxial, multiaxial or constituted by woven inserts or woven prepregs. Usually the matrix consists of a thermosetting or thermoplastic resin. The plastic ensures a high load-bearing capacity at a low weight fork arm.

[0031] In order to further increase the load-bearing capacity of the fork arm 7, the latter is here provided with two support elements 15, 16. The support elements 15, 16 are external reinforcements of the fork arm 7, which are each formed according to the L-shape of the fork arm 7 along the lateral sides of the fork arm 7. The external reinforcements in this case surround the longitudinal support 14 in its longitudinal plane in a C- or U-shape, so that the external reinforcements or support elements 16, 15 themselves form the conveying surface 11 of the fork prongs 8 and prevent the conveyed goods from coming into direct contact with the plastic of the longitudinal support 14.

[0032] 2 additionally shows an enlarged detailed cross-sectional view of the support element 15 in circle A. The external stiffener has a base section from which two side legs project laterally, which are arranged parallel to one another and spaced apart. One side leg rests on the upper side of the longitudinal support 14, the other side leg rests on the lower side of the longitudinal support 14. The support element 15 thus forms the conveying surface 11 and at least partially forms a bottom protection for the fork arm 7. In addition, the support elements 15, 16 project, in particular at least in some areas, from the longitudinal support 14 upwards or in the direction of the fork back 9.

[0033] According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the support elements are formed with a rectangular cross section, as shown diagrammatically by dashed lines in circle A in Fig. 2. The support elements 15, 16 thus rest laterally against the longitudinal support 14 and are connected to it, in particular by means of plastic injection, screwing, gluing and / or riveting. The longitudinal support 14 can also be cast integrally with the support elements 15, 16, for example by injection moulding using a mould tool, into which the support elements 15, 16 are first placed and which is subsequently filled with plastic and hardened. Optionally, the plastic is processed by lamination or filling.

[0034] In another embodiment of the invention, the support elements 15, 16 are arranged only on the underside of the fork arm 7 on the floor side. In order to simplify the construction and manufacture of the fork arm, only one support element may be used in this embodiment. Preferably, the support elements 15, 16 or one support element may extend on the underside of the fork arm only in the area of ​​the fork bend or directly adjacent to it, since this area is exposed to the highest wear when loading and unloading. This is due to the fact that when raising and lowering the forks, the forklift truck is often still moving, which can result in the area adjacent to the fork bend rubbing against the floor, which leads to high wear in the form of abrasion. This wear is countered by attaching the support elements 15, 16 to said area.

[0035] The support elements 15, 16 are made of a material that exhibits higher strength and less wear compared to the longitudinal support 14. For this purpose, the support elements 15, 16 are made in particular of a material that has higher strength compared to plastics, for example metal, in particular steel or stainless steel, or ceramic material. The load handling means 5, in particular the fork prong 8, is thus made in the form of a composite component from a number of parts and combines a low weight with a high load capacity. As a result, the permissible transport weight of the transport vehicle 1 is advantageously increased by the reduced tare weight of the load handling means 5, and thus the efficiency of the transport vehicle 1 is improved. Alternatively or additionally, the fork prong has at least one inner support element, as will be explained below with reference to further figures, which advantageously increases the load capacity of the longitudinal support and reduces the manufacturing costs.

[0036] Preferably, the materials of the support elements 15, 16 and the longitudinal support 14 differ in terms of their density, elongation at break and temperature resistance. In particular, the materials have the following properties or values:

[0037] Preferably, the longitudinal supports are made of glass fiber reinforced or carbon reinforced plastic, aramid, etc., and have a density between 600 and 3,000 kg / m 3 , preferably 1,400 to 2,100 kg / m 3 The tensile strength is 1,500 to 30,000 N / mm 2 , preferably 2,000 to 5,000 N / mm 2 The deformation temperature or hardening temperature is in the range of 20 to 700°C when the cycle time is in the range of 1 to 10,080 minutes, while the breaking elongation A is up to 8.1%.

[0038] For support elements, the density is 4,500-8,900 kg / m for steel or metal. 3 The melting temperature is 500℃~5,500℃. The tensile strength is 300~1,450N / mm 2 The elongation at break is -10 to 50%. For non-metallic support elements, the density is 20 kg / m 3 ~4,400kg / m 3 This support element has a load of 10N / mm 2 ~30,000N / mm 2 and a breaking elongation A of 0.2% to 900%, and a decomposition temperature of 100°C to 950°C.

[0039] Further advantageous embodiments of the loading means 5 are explained below on the basis of FIGS.

[0040] FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the loading means 5, in which the fork arm 7 is shown in a perspective cross-sectional view with a cutting plane transverse to the longitudinal extension of the fork prongs 8 in the vicinity of the fork tips 13.

[0041] Instead of the external metallic support elements 15, 16, according to the present embodiment, the fork prong 8 has an internal core element 21 which is formed from a number of support elements 17, 18, 19, 20. The core element 21 extends in the longitudinal extension of the fork prong 8 into the longitudinal support 14. The longitudinal support 14 thereby surrounds the core element 21 from the periphery. In particular, the longitudinal support 14 is applied onto the longitudinal support 14 by a pressing method, in particular a cold pressing or hot pressing method.

[0042] The support elements 17, 18, 19, 20 are made here from wood and each have a rectangular cross section, the outer support elements 17, 20 being made narrower than the intermediate, particularly square, support elements 18, 19. The layers of the support elements 17-20 are preferably oriented differently from one another. Thus, in particular, the inner support elements 18, 19 have a different layering than the outer support elements 17, 20. The support elements 17-20 are preferably made here from wood, in particular from wood with high tensile strength. The different layers are preferably oriented perpendicular to one another and run horizontally or perpendicularly to the longitudinal extension of the prongs 8 or obliquely thereto. The support elements 17, 20 of the core element 21 abut one another laterally in a row and are covered by the plastic of the longitudinal support 14. In particular, the support elements 17-20 are enveloped by the plastic of the longitudinal support 14 during production when the latter is cast. Due to the use of wood, the fork arm 7 can be made in a particularly weight-saving manner while nevertheless having a sufficiently high load-bearing capacity. According to an alternative embodiment, the core element 21 or the respective support element 17-20 is made from ceramic, plastic, in particular thermoplastic or thermosetting resin, elastomer, aramid, Kevlar, Plexiglas, paper, cardboard, textile, glass, concrete, cement, foam, sand, in particular quartz sand or stone.

[0043] 2 may be arranged on the longitudinal faces of the fork prongs 8 or the longitudinal supports 14. The embodiments described below can also be combined with one another and with the previously described embodiments.

[0044] In a variant of the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the core element 21 may also consist of one part. In this case, the core element 21 consists of only one support element. In this configuration, the core element 21 is completely surrounded by the longitudinal support 14. The longitudinal support preferably consists of a thermosetting resin, in particular a carbon fibre reinforced plastic. In order to reduce wear, in this embodiment, at least one support element 15, 16 is arranged on the underside of the fork arm 7 on the floor side, at least in some sections.

[0045] For the core element, the density is 20 to 9,000 kg / m 3 The tensile strength is 350~30,000N / mm 2 , preferably 3,000N / mm 2 The deformation temperature is in the range of 70 to 1,890°C, while the breaking elongation A is a maximum of 50%.

[0046] Preferably, the fork prong 8 has at least one through passage 22, which extends in the longitudinal extension of the fork prong 8 from the fork back 9 to the fork tip 13, as shown by way of example in FIG. 8 as well. According to this embodiment, the fork prong 8 has two through passages 22. The through passages 22 are formed respectively in the support elements 18, 19. For this purpose, the support elements 18, 19 are provided with, for example, longitudinal holes. Particularly preferably, the respective longitudinal holes are filled with a plastic or metal tube, which extends through the holes and forms the respective through passage 22.

[0047] Each through-channel 22 can be used or is formed, for example, as a cable guide, so that sensors arranged, for example, at the fork tip, such as distance sensors, camera sensors, temperature sensors or the like, can be connected by means of cables guided through the fork prongs 8 or the fork backs 9, which are connected or can be connected, for example, to a control device of the transport vehicle 1. At least one of the through-channels 22 is preferably formed as a medium channel, i.e., in particular for guiding a liquid or gaseous medium. Thus, the fork tip 13 has, for example, a fire extinguishing device 40, which can be supplied with a fire extinguishing medium through at least one of the through-channels 22, as shown, for example, in FIG. 8. This advantageously extends the range of use of the transport vehicle 1.

[0048] 4 shows a third embodiment, which differs from the preceding embodiment in that there are only three support elements 17, 18, 19 and the through passage 22 is formed only in the central support element 18. As a result, the fork prong 8 in this embodiment has only one through passage 22, which is formed or can be used as a media passage or cable guide passage.

[0049] Optionally, the support elements 17-19 are in this embodiment surrounded by a respective and / or common braided tube 23, which provides an advantageous connection between the support elements 17-19 and / or to the plastic of the longitudinal support 14. In particular the support elements 17-19 are held together by the braided tube 23 and are subsequently enveloped or sheathed by the plastic of the longitudinal support 14 when the latter is cast. In this embodiment too the support elements 17, 18, 19 are preferably made from wood and adjacent support elements preferably have different laminations, in particular oriented perpendicularly to each other.

[0050] Furthermore, whereas in the previous exemplary embodiment the respective through passages 22 are formed closed, in this embodiment the through passages 22 are formed open on the edge side towards the underside of the support element 18. The support passages 22 are thus defined on the one hand by the support element 18 and on the other hand by the braided tube 23 and / or the plastic of the longitudinal support 14. The open formation at the edge has the advantage that the through passages 22 can be produced in the outer surface of one support element 18 in the form of a groove, for example by means of a low-cost milling process.

[0051] 5 shows a fourth embodiment of the fork prong 8. It differs from the previous embodiments in that the core element 21 has only two support elements 17, 18, which are made in particular from wood, steel, plastic or ceramic. It is in principle also possible in all embodiments for the support elements 15-20 to be made from a high-strength plastic, for example a thermosetting resin.

[0052] According to an alternative embodiment, the fork prong 8 has a core element 21 which has only one support element 17. According to yet another embodiment, the longitudinal support is hollow, i.e. instead of the core element 21 there is a space which can be used, for example, as a through passage 22 or simply for weight reduction. In particular in this case, the longitudinal support has at least one externally located support element 15, 16, in particular at least one external reinforcement.

[0053] Optionally, the through passage 22 is not formed in one of the support elements 17, 18, but only in the support body 14, as shown by the dashed lines in Fig. 5. The through passage 22 can then be taken into account and co-manufactured by simple constructional measures already in the casting mould for the production of the longitudinal support body 14. It is self-evident that this is also possible and advantageous in the further embodiments.

[0054] Optionally, the through passage 22 is formed in the longitudinal support 14 by a tube element 24 which extends longitudinally through the longitudinal support 14 and which is embedded or loaded together during production during casting, thereby making the integration of the through passage 22 in the longitudinal support 14 particularly easy to achieve.

[0055] According to another embodiment, which is also exemplarily shown in FIG. 5, the longitudinal support has at least one, preferably several recesses 34 in or below the conveying surface 11, when the conveying surface 11 is formed, for example, by at least one support element 15, 16. In particular, the recesses are formed open towards the conveying surface 11. In each recess 34, at least one sensor 35, in particular a temperature sensor or a force or weight sensor, can be arranged. Preferably, a weight sensor 35 is arranged in several recesses 34, which are arranged in a particularly evenly distributed manner along the fork prong 8, and which are shaped and arranged to detect the weight of the conveyed goods carried on the conveying surface. The recesses 34 can be arranged centrally with respect to the longitudinal central axis of the fork prong 8 or eccentrically, as shown in FIG. 5.

[0056] FIG. 6 shows a fifth embodiment of the load handling means 5 or the fork arm 7, here in an advantageous side view. The fork prongs 8 are preferably formed according to one of the preceding embodiments. The fork tips 13 are preferably assigned protective elements 25, which protect the fork prongs 13 against wear phenomena. In particular, the protective elements 25 are arranged on the underside of the fork prongs 8, opposite to the upper side, and have a significantly higher resistance to wear in comparison with the longitudinal support 14 in accordance with tribology, in particular for the case in which the fork prongs 8 hit the floor with their free ends 12 while the transport vehicle 1 is moving the load handling means 5. The protective elements 25 are optionally formed by external reinforcements and / or the support elements 15, 16. Preferably, the protective elements 25 are made of special steel. Furthermore, the protective elements 25 are optionally arranged to extend over the entire length or almost the entire length of the longitudinal support 14.

[0057] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 11, the protective element 25 is also arranged on the underside of the handling means 5 or fork arm 7 facing the floor. The protective element 25 extends from the fork tip 13 into the area of ​​the fork bend, so that the fork arm 7 is protected overall against wear due to contact with the floor. Advantageously, the protective element 25 can also be arranged only in the area adjacent to the fork bend. The protective element in this case advantageously extends only over a partial section of the underside. Arranging the protective element in this area is sensible, since this area of ​​the handling means 5 or fork arm 7 often comes into contact with the floor during loading and unloading, and therefore high wear occurs in this area.

[0058] In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the core element 21 can be manufactured from a single piece of a highly stable material, for example steel or stainless steel, and can be surrounded by a longitudinal support 14 made of plastic. In such an arrangement, if one or more protective elements 25 are arranged on the underside of the floor side of the load handling means 5, the protective elements 25 can be screwed to the load handling means 5. A reliable hold is guaranteed in this case by the stability of the core element 21. This arrangement makes it particularly simple to remove the worn protective element or elements 25 by unscrewing them and to fit new protective elements 25. Such a solution is particularly sustainable, since not much effort is required when replacing the elements and the load handling means 5 itself remains available unchanged.

[0059] According to the embodiment of FIG. 6, it is further provided that the fork prongs 8 and the fork backs 9 are formed as separate components.

[0060] In this case, the fork back 9 has a plug-in recess 26 at its lower end, which has an internal contour that at least substantially corresponds to the external contour of the fork prong 8 at its end 27 facing away from the fork tip 13. The fork prong 8 is inserted and plugged into the receiving recess 26 with a plug-in section at the end 27 of the fork prong 8 and is thus connected to the fork back 9 in a form-locking manner. Optionally, there are furthermore dismantlable fastening means 28, by means of which the user can lock the fork prong 8 in the plugged-in state in the fork back 9 or detach it from the fork back 9. This allows for a simple replacement of the fork prong 8, for example in the event of wear phenomena or damage. It is self-evident that also in this embodiment, one or more of the through passages 22 may be present in the fork prong 8, as explained above. According to a preferred embodiment, the transport vehicle 1 is provided with several loading means, for example of one loading means system, which, however, differ from one another, in particular with regard to the length or the nature of the loading means with respect to the support element 17. This allows the transport vehicle 1 to be easily adapted to different requirements, in particular to different transported goods. These loading means of the loading means system have in common that the ends 27 of the loading means are identically shaped in order to cooperate with the plug-in recesses 26 as described above.

[0061] Due to the weight-saving design of the fork prongs 8 based on the use of plastic, a plug-in connection between the fork prongs 8 and the fork back 9, as shown in Fig. 6, is possible without significant additional effort. Preferably, the outer contour of the fork prongs 8 at the end 27 and the inner contour of the receiving recess 26 are designed in such a way that the fork prongs 8 are held in the receiving recess 26 in a form-fitting manner, in particular without or almost without play, thereby ensuring precise guidance of the fork prong(s) 8 by the transport vehicle 1.

[0062] 6 further optionally, a sensor 32, in particular a camera sensor, is arranged at the fork tip 13 or in the fork back 9, which is connected to a control device of the haulage vehicle 1 by means of at least one connecting cable which is threaded through one of the through passages 22. A display or screen is arranged in the haulage vehicle 1, for example, by means of which a driver or user of the haulage vehicle 1 can monitor the camera images captured by the sensor 32 and take them into account for the control of the haulage vehicle 1.

[0063] The sixth embodiment shown in FIG. 7 differs substantially from the preceding embodiments in that the fork prong 8 and the fork back 9 are formed in one piece with respect to one another. In this case, the longitudinal support 14 preferably also extends into or through the fork back 9. The optionally present support elements 15, 16, 17 also extend through the fork support 8 into the fork back 9. The fork tips 13 are advantageously assigned in this configuration as well with a protective element 25, which protects the fork tips 13 from wear phenomena. For mounting the fork prongs 8 or the fork arms 7 on the transport vehicle 1, the handling means 5 is provided with a support element 29 on the fork back 9, which substantially surrounds the fork back 9 and supports the fork prongs 8 in some areas at least on the underside of the fork prongs 8. The support element 29 has the aforementioned mounting hooks 10 for mounting the handling means 5 on the fork supports of the transport vehicle 1.

[0064] The support element 29 is preferably formed from several parts, in particular from two parts. Thus, according to the present embodiment, the support element 29 has a first part 29', which is arranged on the front side of the fork back 9 facing the fork prong 8, and a second part 29'' which is arranged on the rear side of the fork back 9 facing away from the fork prong. The two parts 29', 29'' are preferably screwed together by means of a number of fastening screws 30 which extend through the fork back 9 and are only shown diagrammatically in dashed lines in FIG. 7. Preferably, the part 29'' assigned to the rear side has at its lower end a curved part which engages from below into the fork prong 8 in order to support the fork prong 8.

[0065] In a modified version of this embodiment, the support element 29 may be embedded in the fork back 9 during casting of the fork back 9, or may be laminated and embedded, so that a portion of the support element 29 is located inside the fork back 9.

[0066] 8 shows a seventh embodiment of the load handling means 5. In the seventh embodiment, the through passage 22 extends not only through the fork prong 8 but also through the fork back 9. Alternatively, the through passage 22 can start in the area of ​​the fork hook 10. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 8, the fork prong 8 has at the fork tip 13 the fire extinguishing device 40 already mentioned above, which is connected to the through passage 22 and through which the extinguishing medium can be supplied. For this purpose, at the end of the through passage 22 opposite the fire extinguishing device 40, in particular at the free upper side of the fork back 9, the through passage 22 can be connected to a supply tube 31 or the like, which for example communicates with a medium tank, which is arranged on or against the body 2 of the transport vehicle 1.

[0067] Particularly preferably, the fork tines 8 in each of the described embodiments have an advantageous anti-slip coating 33 on the longitudinal support 14 or on the upper surface of the fork tines 8 which forms the conveying surface 11. By means of the anti-slip coating 33 it is achieved that the load received on the fork tines 8 is not slippery or is very unlikely to slip.

[0068] Although these embodiments have been described with reference to a forklift, the variously shaped fork arms 7 or loading means 5 can naturally also be used on other transport vehicles, in particular on lift trucks.

[0069] Fig. 9 shows a perspective cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the loading means 5. According to this embodiment too, the fork prongs 8 and the fork back are preferably formed together in one piece. In contrast to the embodiment of Fig. 3, each of the support elements 17-20 is itself surrounded by plastic. In this case, in particular, each of the inner support elements is laminated and embedded in a plastic layer. Optionally, as shown in Fig. 9, a through passage 22 is further formed between the central support elements 18, 19.

[0070] Optionally, the fork arm is further formed from two parts, as is diagrammatically indicated in figure 9 by a broken dividing line. In the embodiment of figure 9, the fork arm is for this purpose divided generally in the middle in two, so that the through passage 22 is formed by combining the parts assigned to both fork arm parts. This allows a simple and cost-effective production of the fork arm 7.

[0071] All in all, the load handling means according to the invention proves to be particularly light and low-wear. In addition to this, it proves to be particularly advantageous if the fork arm is made of a longitudinal support made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (so-called carbon), the longitudinal support having a core element made of wood, which is completely surrounded by the longitudinal support. Furthermore, a support element made of stainless steel is arranged on the underside of the longitudinal support. The support element can in this case have an approximately U-shaped cross section, so that the longitudinal surface of the longitudinal support is surrounded at least in some areas. Particularly high weight savings are achieved when the support element is present only in the area of ​​the fork bend or adjacent to the fork bend.

[0072] Figures 10A and B show an embodiment of a transport vehicle 1 formed as a lift truck. This transport vehicle 1 differs from a forklift in that it essentially comprises a transport wheel 36 under each fork prong 8, which is arranged adjustably with respect to the fork prong 8 in terms of height, in particular in the region of a recess 37 of the fork prong 8, as shown in the perspective view of Figure 10A. In this case, each fork prong 8 has a C- or U-shaped cross section, as shown in Figure 10B, which shows a cross section of the lift truck along the line AA shown in Figure 10A.

[0073] In this case, the fork prongs 8 have a support element 38 which forms an upper chord which forms the conveying surface 11 and has a notch 37. Two one-piece side legs project downwards from the upper chord, which are arranged at a distance from one another on the longitudinal faces of the upper chord and are formed in particular in one piece with the upper chord. The support element 38 thereby encases the underlying longitudinal support 14 on the upper and longitudinal faces.

[0074] According to an alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 10B, the side legs are formed separately from the top chord, for example by support elements 15, 16, which are firmly connected, for example welded, screwed, riveted and / or glued, to the support element 38. Here, in addition, the support elements 15, 16 are made of steel, in particular special steel. In the region of the recess 37, the longitudinal support also has a through-hole 39, so that the transport roller or transport wheel 36 can be located in the through-hole. The longitudinal support 14 preferably has two support elements 17, 20, which extend through the longitudinal support 14 at a distance from one another and at least approximately parallel to one another. In this case, the longitudinal supports are located at a distance from one another, such that they extend past the side of the through-hole 39, i.e. the through-hole 39 is formed between the longitudinal supports, as shown in FIG. 10B.

[0075] 10C shows another embodiment, which differs from the previous one in that the support elements 15, 16 are arranged below the longitudinal support 14, rather than to the side, so that they form a bottom protection. In that respect, the support elements 15, 16 in this configuration correspond to the protection element 25, which in particular extends over the entire length of the longitudinal support.

[0076] Fig. 10C furthermore shows, on the left side of the drawing plane, an embodiment with a support element 17 as core element 21 and, on the right side, an embodiment without a core element 21. Preferably, both sides of the fork prong 8 have, in the cross section of Fig. 10C, one core element 21 each formed from one or more, in particular up to four, support elements 17-20 or no core element 21. Optionally, only one side of the fork prong 8 has one core element 21.

[0077] Figure 10D shows another embodiment, which differs from the embodiment of figure 10B in particular in that the support elements 15, 16 are arranged on the inner surface of the longitudinal support 14. The plastic of the longitudinal support 14 thereby overlaps the support elements on the top and outer sides. The longitudinal support itself thereby also forms the conveying surface 11. In a variant of this embodiment, the support elements 15, 16 can also be arranged to lie on the outer side of the longitudinal support 14.

[0078] Regardless of the respective embodiment, the respective support element 15-20, 38 is preferably welded, cast-embedded, laminated and embedded, screwed, riveted and / or glued to the respective longitudinal support 14, thereby ensuring a permanently solid connection. In particular, the longitudinal support 14 is produced by a female, male or nozzle molding process, in which plastic is fed into a mold tool in which at least one support element is arranged, so that the plastic adheres to the support element, hardens and thereby forms a permanently solid connection with the support element.

[0079] The handling means according to the invention is a multi-component component, a so-called hybrid component. The manufacturing of the handling means according to the invention can be carried out by the already mentioned cold pressing or hot pressing method. Furthermore, autoclaves can be used, which are particularly suitable for the pressing of fiber composite materials. In any case, the metal components are first produced and shaped in a conventional manner. The application of the plastic components is then carried out. This can be carried out by injection molding, lamination, etc. The plastic serves in this case as the working medium, which additionally provides various shape elements under pressure in the metal sheet. The hardening of the component can be carried out, for example, by the application of heat, time and pressure, for example at temperatures between 80° C. and 400° C. for times between 1 min and 2,880 min.

Claims

1. A loading means (5), in particular a fork arm (7) for a forklift or a lift vehicle, comprising at least one longitudinally extending fork prong (8), the fork prong (8) having a conveying surface (11) for receiving a transported product, a fork tip (13) at a first end (12) which is a free end in the longitudinal direction, and formed from a plurality of members, The fork prong (8) has a longitudinal support (14) made of plastic, the longitudinal support (14) extending in a longitudinal direction at least substantially along the entire fork prong (8), and Load handling means, characterized in that the fork prongs (8) have at least one support element (15-19) made of a material having a higher strength than the strength of the longitudinal support (14).

2. 2. Load handling means according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal supports (14) are made from fibre-reinforced plastic, in particular from glass fibre-reinforced or carbon fibre-reinforced plastic.

3. 3. Load handling means according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one of the support elements (17-20) extends in the longitudinal direction of the fork prongs (8) as a core element (21) and is at least substantially surrounded by the plastic from all sides.

4. Load handling means according to claim 3, characterized in that the core element (21) and / or the support elements (15-20) are made from wood, metal or ceramic.

5. 2. Load handling means according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two of said support elements (15-20) are made from the same or respectively different materials.

6. 4. The loading means according to claim 3, characterized in that the core element (21) and / or the longitudinal support (14) have at least one through passage (22) for guiding a gaseous or liquid medium and / or at least one electrical connecting cable.

7. 2. Load handling means according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the support elements (15-20) is made from wood and that at least two adjacent support elements (15-20) are oriented differently from one another, preferably perpendicularly to one another.

8. 4. Load handling means according to claim 3, characterized in that each of the support elements (17-20) of the core element (21) has an angular, in particular triangular, rectangular, polygonal, square or circular or oval cross-section.

9. 4. Loading means according to claim 3, characterized in that the core element (21) has exactly one, two, three, four, five or six support elements (17-20), which abut one another laterally in a row and are together surrounded by the plastic of the longitudinal support (14).

10. 2. Load handling means according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the support elements (15, 16) is arranged on the longitudinal support (14) as an external reinforcement.

11. Load handling means according to claim 10, characterized in that the external reinforcements form together with or form the conveying surface (11).

12. 2. The loading means according to claim 1, wherein the fork prongs (8) have an insertion section at an end (27) of the fork prongs (8) opposite the fork tip (13) for insertion into an insertion receiving portion (26) of the fork back (9) of the fork arm (7).

13. 2. Load handling means according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal support (14) has at least one recess (34) in which a sensor (35), in particular a weight sensor, a temperature sensor and / or a distance sensor, is arranged.

14. 4. Load handling means according to claim 3, characterized in that the support elements (17-20), the core elements (21) and / or the longitudinal supports (14) have at least one through passage (22) for guiding a gaseous or liquid medium and / or at least one electrical connecting cable.

15. 15. Loading means according to claim 14, characterized in that the through passage is in particular connected to a controllably operable fire extinguishing device (40), which is in particular arranged at the end (12) of the prong (8) opposite the prong (9).

16. The plastic of the longitudinal support (14) has a strength of 600 kg / m ３ ~3,000kg / m ３ Or 0.6 to 3.0 g / cm ３ Particularly preferably, the density is 1,200 kg / m ３ ~2,500kg / m ３ Or 1.2 to 2.5 g / cm ３ and the support elements (15, 16) have a density of 4,500 kg / m when attached to the outside of the longitudinal support (14). ３ ~9,100kg / m ３ The support elements (15, 16) have a density of 20 kg / m2 and / or are made of wood, when placed in the longitudinal support. ３ ~4,400kg / m ３ 2. Loading means according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a density of

17. 2. Load handling means according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the support elements (15-20, 38) is welded, cast-in, laminated and embedded, screwed, riveted and / or glued to the respective longitudinal support (14).

18. 2. Loading means according to claim 1, characterized in that the support elements (15, 16) are arranged only on the underside of the floor side of the fork arms (7).

19. 2. The loading means according to claim 1, characterized in that only one support element (15, 16) is arranged on the underside of the floor side of the fork arm (7).

20. 20. Load handling means according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that at least one support element extends on the underside of the fork arm (7) in the area of ​​a fork bend or directly adjacent to said fork bend.

21. Load handling means according to claim 18, characterized in that at least one support element (15, 16) forms a protective element (25).

22. Load handling means according to claim 21, characterized in that at least one protective element (25) is screwed, cast or glued to the core element (21).

23. The material of the support elements (15-20) and / or the core element (21) is metal-free and has a strength of 50 kg / m ３ ~4,000kg / m ３ Density: 10 N / mm ２ ~30,000N / mm ２ 4. Loading means according to claim 3, characterized in that it has a tensile strength A of 0.2% to 900% and a decomposition or hardening temperature of -20°C to 1,000°C.

24. The longitudinal support (14) has a strength of at least 1,500 N / mm ２ 2. Loading means according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a tensile strength A of 0.2 to 10% and a breaking elongation A of 0.2 to 10%.

25. The longitudinal support (14) has a load capacity of 200 kg / m ３ ~4,000kg / m ３ and has been deformed and cured on the basis of a forming press tool or a template or a sheet in a press and / or an autoclave and / or a tempering furnace and / or a vacuum pump or an extruder at a temperature between 20° C. and 900° C. for a time between 10 s and 30,240 min.

26. 13. Loading means according to claim 12, characterized in that the longitudinal support (14) has a sensor / camera integrated in the fork back (9) or a fire extinguishing device (40) provided in the fork prong (8).

27. A transport vehicle (1), in particular a forklift or a lift truck, comprising a vehicle body (2) and at least one load handling means, in particular a fork arm (7), arranged in a particularly displaceable manner on the vehicle body (2), 2. A transport vehicle, characterized in that the loading means (5) is constructed according to claim 1.

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