Method for determining beat value and method for setting beat value

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for determining, in particular calculating, a reference value of an oscillator in a clock movement, the method comprising at least the steps of: causing the oscillator to oscillate relative to the frame of the clock movement; positioning the clock movement in a number of predefined orientations relative to the direction of the Earth's gravitational force; determining for each orientation data relating to the reference frame of the oscillator; using the data from the previous steps for determining values ​​of the reference frame of the oscillator, in particular an orientation value of the reference frame and / or a function defining said orientation of the reference frame as a function of the orientation of the clock movement relative to the direction of the Earth's gravitational force.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The invention relates to a method for determining a clock beat value. The invention also relates to a method for setting a clock beat value. The invention further relates to a method for determining the drift of the beat value of a clock movement. The invention further relates to a method for determining the geometry of an oscillator arrangement of a clock movement. The invention further relates to a clock movement obtained using said setting method or set using said setting method. The invention finally relates to a clock comprising said clock movement. [Background technology]

[0002] The beat value, along with rate and amplitude, is one of three values ​​that are always measured during a timing measurement.

[0003] According to conventional theory, the beat value corresponds to the alignment error of the equilibrium position of the balance and hairspring with respect to the center line connecting the centers of rotation of the balance and hairspring and the center of rotation of the anchor assembly of the escapement. The equilibrium position of the balance at rest should ideally be located on said line in order to have half oscillations of the same duration. If the equilibrium position is not located on the center line, the oscillation angle between the center line and the return point of the balance and hairspring will not be the same on either side of the center line.

[0004] The beat value is a quantity that characterizes the asymmetry of the oscillations of the balance wheel. At rest (no torque in the transmission chain or hairspring), the balance wheel is located at its rest point. During oscillations at a beat value other than zero, the half oscillations on either side of the center line have different amplitudes and durations. For this reason, the beat value is traditionally expressed in milliseconds and is calculated by determining the moment of the impulse during its release (as shown in Figure 1). The beat value is: Beat value = |t1-t2| / 2 It is given by the formula:

[0005] 1, the start of period t1 corresponds to the pin of the balance wheel roller contacting a first corner of the forks of the pallet assembly, and the end of period t1 corresponds to the pin of the balance wheel roller contacting a second corner of the forks. Similarly, the start of period t2 corresponds to the pin of the balance wheel roller contacting a second corner of the forks, and the end of period t2 corresponds to the pin of the balance wheel roller contacting a first corner of the forks.

[0006] The watchmaker's goal is to set the beat value to zero based on a timing measurement, usually performed with a timing machine.

[0007] Non-patent document 1, posted online by Witschi, a supplier of time measurement instruments, and from which Figure 1 is taken, indicates that the asymmetry can be displayed on a timekeeping machine by means of a beat value, measured in milliseconds [ms], corresponding to the duration difference between the "tick" and "tack" half periods divided by 2, i.e. (t1-t2) / 2, where t1>t2. The document also states that high-end small timepieces contain a specific device (a hairspring stud holder) for setting the beat value, which should be equal to zero, with an allowed range of values ​​being 0.0 to 0.5 ms.

[0008] In non-patent document 2, the beat value is addressed in a short paragraph in sections 7.7 and 7.11.7 entitled "Controles avant le reglage" (Checks before adjustment), which specifies that "It is important to carry out the following tests on the watch, in this order, in all positions...The balance wheel must have a beat value." This means that not only must the beat value be zero, but that the condition must be fulfilled in all measurement positions.

[0009] Non-Patent Document 3 mentioned the beat value and set it in two lines without providing any additional detailed explanation.

[0010] Non-Patent Document 4 mentioned that the beat value error does not have any direct effect on the function of the small clock.

[0011] However, during their training, watchmakers are sensitized to the importance of the beat value. A beat value of zero in all positions is traditionally a sign of good functioning of a mechanical watch. For this reason, a properly set beat value is considered a criterion of watchmaking quality (the term "beat error" is used) and therefore requires particular care during setting. Furthermore, an incorrectly set beat value can also be an indication that the watch has been dropped or bumped.

[0012] Patent Document 1 relates to an oscillator in which the collet, the hairspring, and the roller are integrated. It states: "...the collet of the hairspring must be mounted on the balance stem so that, at the dead center or equilibrium point of the hairspring, the center of the roller pin is located on a line passing through the arbour of the balance wheel and the arbour of the anchor assembly. Since the hairspring and the large roller are mounted independently of each other directly above the balance wheel, this condition cannot in fact be achieved. This is why a movable hairspring stud holder is provided on the cock of a watch movement, at the outer end of which the hairspring is fixed and which is rotatable coaxially with the balance stem in order to set the escapement to the beat value, i.e. to make it possible to achieve the above condition." [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0013] [Patent Document 1] European Patent Application Publication No. 2570868 [Non-patent literature]

[0014] [Non-Patent Document 1] “Techniques de measure et analyses des defectes of watches” (Techniques for measuring and analyzing watch defects), Witschi, https: / / www.witschi.com / assets / files / sheets / Witschi%20Formation.pdf [Non-Patent Document 2] “Theorie d'horlogerie” (Clock Theory), published by C.-A. Reymondin et al., L'Ecole Technique de la Vallee de Joux [Non-Patent Document 3] “Theory of watch construction for engineers” by M. Vermot and S. Dordor, published by Haute-Ecole Arc Ingenierie [Non-Patent Document 4] “Theorie des echappements” (Escapement Theory), C. Hugenin, S. Guye and M. Gauchet, Technicum Neuchatelois Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0015] The object of the invention is to provide a method for improving a timepiece device known from the prior art. In particular, the invention proposes a method for reliable and accurate determination of the beat value and a method which makes it possible to simplify and make the setting of the beat value reliable. Furthermore, the invention proposes a method for determining the drift of the beat value of a clock movement and a method for determining the oscillator arrangement geometry. [Means for solving the problem]

[0016] A method for determining a beat value according to the invention is defined in claim 1.

[0017] Embodiments of the determining method are defined in claims 2 to 9.

[0018] A first setting method according to the invention is defined in claim 10.

[0019] A second setting method according to the invention is defined in claim 11.

[0020] An embodiment of the setting method is defined in claim 12.

[0021] A method for determining the drift of the beat value according to the invention is defined in claim 13.

[0022] A method for determining a shape according to the invention is defined in claim 14.

[0023] A clock movement according to the invention is defined in claim 15.

[0024] The watch according to the invention is defined in claim 16.

[0025] Further aspects of the subject matter of the invention are defined in the following propositions.

[0026] 1. A method for determining, in particular calculating, the beat value of an oscillator (2), in particular of a balance wheel (21) and hairspring (22) oscillator, in a clock movement (200), said method comprising at least: causing the oscillator to oscillate relative to a frame (99) of the clock movement; positioning said clock movement in at least two distinct attitudes defined relative to the direction of Earth's gravitational force; determining, for each position, the absolute value of the beat value of the oscillator (2) by measuring and processing; The data from the previous step is The orientation beat value of the oscillator (2), and A function defining the orientation beat value of the oscillator (2) as a function of the orientation of the clock movement relative to the direction of the Earth's gravitational force. Used to calculate A method comprising the steps of:

[0027] 2. The beat value is a time value. The method described in suggestion 1.

[0028] 3. The oscillator comprises: in one of the positions of said step of positioning the clock movement, or in some of the positions of said steps of positioning the clock movement, or In all of the positions of the steps of positioning the clock movement, having an oscillation axis at an angle of at least 2° or at least 3° relative to the direction of the Earth's gravitational force; The method described in proposal 1 or 2.

[0029] 4. At least one of the distinct determined positions is: the orthogonal projection of the center line (L) onto the plane (P) of the clock movement; an orthogonal projection of the direction of the earth's gravitational force onto the plane (P) of the clock movement; has an absolute value of zero or less than 5° or less than 10°; and / or at least one of the distinct determined attitudes is the orthogonal projection of the center line (L) onto the plane (P) of the clock movement; an orthogonal projection of the direction of the earth's gravitational force onto the plane (P) of the clock movement; has a value of 90° or an absolute value between 85° and 95° or an absolute value between 80° and 100°, The method according to any one of suggestions 1 to 3.

[0030] 5. At least two distinct and determined positions are at an angle of approximately 90° to each other about a vertical position of the clock movement and / or an axis perpendicular to the frame; The method according to any one of suggestions 1 to 4.

[0031] 6. The function defining the orientation beat value as a function of the position of the clock movement is defined as a sine function or a polynomial function or a Bezier function or a spline function that best fits the data on the beat value of the oscillator. 6. The method according to any one of suggestions 1 to 5.

[0032] 7. determining, by measurement and calculation, the oscillation amplitude of said oscillator (3), in particular for at least one defined position or for each defined position or for all the separate defined positions, 7. The method according to any one of suggestions 1 to 6.

[0033] 8. Using the oscillation amplitude of the oscillator (2) to determine by calculation an angular beat value; The method described in suggestion 7.

[0034] 9. The data on the beat value of the oscillator (2) and / or the oscillation amplitude of the oscillator (2) are determined by processing a previously measured or acquired acoustic signal or by processing a previously measured or acquired acoustic and optical signal. 9. The method according to any one of suggestions 1 to 8.

[0035] 10. A method comprising the steps of implementing the method according to any one of proposals 1 to 9 and setting the beat value of the oscillator (2), How to adjust the oscillator (2).

[0036] 11. A method for measuring a time, comprising: positioning the clock movement in a predetermined position; and setting the beat value to a zero value or a non-zero value in the predetermined position. How to adjust the oscillator (2).

[0037] 12. The step of setting the beat value includes a movement of the hairspring fixed support relative to the frame (99). Setting method described in proposal 10 or 11.

[0038] 13. A method for determining the drift of a clock movement between two states, in particular after adjustment or shock or magnetization, comprising a step of determining said beat value of an oscillator (2) using the method according to any one of suggestions 1 to 9.

[0039] 14. A method for determining the geometry of an arrangement of an oscillator (3) in a clock movement (2), said method comprising: determining a function defining said beat value as a function of said position of said clock movement, using a method according to any one of proposals 1 to 9; using said function to determine, in particular by calculation, a value representative of the pivot radial play of the oscillator (2) and / or a value representative of the true axial oscillation of the balance wheel and / or a value representative of the diameter of the pivot of the balance wheel; A method comprising:

[0040] 15. A clock movement (200) obtained or adjusted using the setting method according to any one of proposals 10 to 12.

[0041] 16. A timepiece (300), in particular a wristwatch, comprising a timepiece movement (200) according to proposal 15.

[0042] The accompanying drawings represent, by way of example, mechanisms by which the method according to the invention may be implemented and illustrate the phenomena on which the method according to the invention relies. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0043] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a time series illustrating the vibrations detected at the level of the escapement of a watch, during one period of oscillation of the watch's balance. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the back of an example watch to which the method according to the present invention can be applied. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a dial side view of an example clock movement structure showing the orientation details of the setting system. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the link between pivot play and the variation in beat value of a clock movement. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0044] An embodiment of the clock movement 300 is described in detail below with reference to Fig. 2. The clock 300 is for example a miniature clock, in particular a wristwatch. The clock 300 comprises a clock movement 200, advantageously to which a dial 50 is fixed. The clock movement is intended to be mounted in a watch case or casing to protect it from the external environment. The clock movement 200 may be a mechanical clock movement, in particular an automatic clock movement, or it may be a hybrid clock movement.

[0045] The clock movement 200 includes a frame 99 and a setting system 100 .

[0046] The setting system 100 includes an oscillator 2 and an escapement, such as a Swiss anchor escapement 3 .

[0047] The oscillator 2 includes an inertial element 21, such as a balance wheel 21, and a return spring 22, such as a hairspring 22.

[0048] The escapement includes an anchor assembly 31 which cooperates with the oscillator 2 .

[0049] The line connecting the centers of rotation of the balance wheel, hairspring, and escapement anchor assembly is usually called the center line L.

[0050] <Theory and implementation of the beat value concept> The beat value is measured by the watchmaker as a time interval, while figure 2 shows that the beat value is defined by the angular offset between the escapement and the neutral point of the oscillator. For historical reasons, that magnitude is expressed in milliseconds [ms] and thus characterizes half the time difference between two successive half periods. In practice, that time depends on the speed of the oscillator and therefore on its amplitude and frequency.

[0051] Research by the applicant has demonstrated that the measured beat value depends on the amplitude of the clock movement and its position during the measurement. This observation has led to a redefinition of the beat value (signed beat value and geometric beat value concepts) and to the development of procedures for measuring the beat value and its sign, as well as application methods exploiting these concepts.

[0052] Historically speaking, the beat value was a zero or positive magnitude, expressed in [ms], corresponding to the absolute time difference between the oscillator's equilibrium position (defined as the direction passing through the center of the pin of the balance wheel roller at rest and the axis of the balance wheel pivot) and the centerline of the balance wheel and anchor assembly pivot, with the objective of setting it to zero.

[0053] Following research by the applicant, - consider a beat value as a value (signed or oriented beat value) that can be negative, zero, or positive, - measuring the beat value as an angle, e.g. [°] or [rad] (geometric beat value), - experimentally measuring the beat value at multiple vertical positions in order to determine its sign and to deduce therefrom the midpoint of the beat value (i.e. the average value of the beat values ​​at four vertical positions separated by 90°); - orienting the clock movement precisely during the setting of the beat value so that the beat value set in that orientation coincides with the beat value at the midpoint; That seems ultimately interesting.

[0054] From a physical point of view, the beat value is a magnitude centred on zero, whose sign depends on the sense of the angular offset. At the time of measurement, the beat value is unsigned. This, apart from the fact that the magnitude is not normally distributed, presents a risk that can lead to erroneous conclusions about the difference or drift of the beat value between two states, in particular between two measurements at two different times, such as before and after a setting operation, or before and after a shock test or exposure to a magnetic field, on the same clock movement. For example, it is possible to conclude that there is zero drift, even though in reality the (unknown) sign has changed, or that there is a regular drift between two states, even though in reality there was only a dispersion effect at the level of the clock movement.

[0055] For this reason, it seems desirable to establish a physical definition of the beat value in the form of a signed, geometric magnitude. Firstly, the beat value may be made a constant value of the amplitude by applying a conversion that takes into account the amplitude measurement being measured. The sign of said magnitude may then be determined in a number of non-invasive ways, without the need to change the position of the hairspring stud holder (and thus misadjust the beat value), as has been done up until now.

[0056] From a geometrical point of view, the beat value is the ratio of the balance wheel position at which the hairspring applies zero torque. - the centerline of the escapement, and - A line passing through the centre of the roller pin and the axis of the balance wheel, It corresponds to the angular offset (measured as degrees of rotation of the balance wheel) between. As mentioned above, the beat value was historically defined and measured in milliseconds.

[0057] The time corresponds to the above-mentioned angular offset and depends on the speed of the balance wheel at the neutral point and therefore on its amplitude and frequency. Finally, the smaller the amplitude, the greater the time difference over two half periods. The aim of the modification to the geometric beat value is to apply a time difference to a periodic function, for the angular difference, which is constant and indicates the direct physical cause of the offset. Taking into account the amplitude at the moment of measurement thus has the effect of making the beat value constant throughout the barrel discharge or despite any drift in the amplitude over time.

[0058] Mathematical development with small angle approximations allows the geometric beat value to be expressed as an angle using the following formula: Rg = π × f × Rt × A Where: Rg: geometric beat value [°], f: oscillator frequency [Hz], A: Clock movement balance wheel amplitude [°] Rt: Temporal beat value [s].

[0059] Thus, the beat value can be expressed as an angular magnitude or a temporal magnitude.

[0060] Conversely, the variation of beat value as a function of amplitude can be expressed as: For small Rg / A, Rt(A) = (sin -1 (Rg / A)) / (π×f)≒Rg / (A×π×f)

[0061] It is therefore clear that the temporal beat value is proportional to the inverse of the amplitude of the balance wheel of the clock movement.

[0062] Another important aspect concerns the sign of the beat value. Based on the formula (t1-t2) / 2, it appears that the beat value may be positive or negative, depending on the values ​​of t1 and t2. In reality, acoustic measurement instruments do not separate the half-period between the entrance and exit functions. As a result, the magnitude is always transmitted as an absolute value.

[0063] This practice presents problems not only at the level of statistical analysis of the data (data obtained having a non-Gaussian distribution), but also in setting the beat value and in understanding the phenomena that affect it, such as drift upon impact, phenomena caused by exposure to magnetic fields, or other dispersive effects, etc. For this reason, knowing the sign or orientation of the beat value represents a real interest.

[0064] For example, at the level of a clock movement, the following convention is chosen: the beat value is defined as positive if the neutral line of the oscillator has a positive angular offset (counterclockwise as seen from the back, i.e. FH direction) with respect to the center line passing through the center of rotation of the axis of the anchor assembly and the axis of the oscillator. In the opposite case, it is negative.

[0065] Thus, in the example of Figure 2, the fact of moving the hairspring stud holder in a counterclockwise direction as seen from the back cover (FH direction) corresponds to making the beat value more positive. The definition is also valid if the watch movement comprises other means of setting the beat value instead of the traditional hairspring stud holder.

[0066] Generally speaking, and based on the above formulas, the temporal and geometric beat values ​​have the same sign, with time t1 corresponding to a half period of the exit function and time t2 corresponding to a half period of the entry function. The sign is positive for t1>t2. Of course, such a sign convention depends on the orientation of the centerline, on the shape of the escapement or on the structure of the clock movement. However, it is easy to establish a convention by analogy for each caliber.

[0067] Up to now, the sense or sign or orientation of the beat value was determined solely by moving the hairspring stud holder in a given direction and measuring the evolution of the beat value, which led to losing the initial setting of the beat value. In fact, no method known up to now makes it possible to determine the sign of the beat value without affecting several successive settings and measurements.

[0068] Although not used up to now, the sign of the beat value is information of fundamental importance that influences the analysis of said magnitude and the adjustment of the clock movement. As will be explained in more detail below, many methods are possible to determine the sign, in particular multiple acoustic measurements, photoacoustic measurements, analysis of the raw signal, measurements in non-Galilean reference frames, etc.

[0069] The embodiment of the method for determining the beat value described below uses the radial play of the balance wheel pivot. Applicant's data shows that said play influences the beat value. The beat value varies strongly depending on the vertical orientation of the clock movement (for example in the 3, 6, 9 and 12 o'clock position of the clock). A numerical adjustment according to a particularly simple model, performed by known equipment, in particular by acoustic measuring equipment, allows the determination of the beat value and its sign.

[0070] <How to determine the beat value> An embodiment of a method for determining the signed beat value of a clock movement is described in detail below. The method may utilize acoustic measurements carried out in multiple positions, in particular in four vertical clock positions. Based on conventions and a theoretical model using the play of the balance pivot, it makes it possible to sign the beat value result, initially measured as an absolute value. The principle consists in comparing and adjusting the sine regression functions that best fit the measured beat values ​​obtained in the different positions, for example best fit four beat value measurements obtained in different vertical positions.

[0071] Generally speaking, to determine, and in particular calculate, the beat value of the oscillator 2 in the clock movement 200, the method comprises at least the following steps. - oscillating the oscillator relative to frame 99 of the clock movement; - positioning the clock movement in at least two distinct orientations defined (or determined) relative to the direction of the Earth's gravitational force; - determining, for each position, data relating to the beat value of oscillator 2, in particular the absolute beat value of oscillator 2, in particular by measuring and processing, - Using the data from the previous step to determine the beat value of oscillator 2, in particular - the orientation beat value of oscillator 2; a function defining the orientation beat value of oscillator 2 as a function of the orientation of the clock movement relative to the direction of the Earth's gravitational force; Used to calculate

[0072] The pose is defined, i.e. the spatial orientation of the clock movement is known.

[0073] The beat value is an oriented or signed value, ie the value can be positive or negative.

[0074] The beat value may be a time value, in particular a time value expressed in milliseconds, such value depending on the frequency of the oscillator and the amplitude of oscillation of the balance wheel.

[0075] The beat value is preferably a geometric value, in particular an angle value, for example expressed in degrees, such a value having the advantage that it is independent of the frequency of the oscillator and of the amplitude of oscillation of the balance wheel.

[0076] The method is carried out while the oscillator is running. Indeed, the method carries out various operations, in particular measurements, while the oscillator is running. To this end, the method comprises a step of starting the oscillator in motion. This may be carried out by reloading the barrel so that it stores sufficient energy for the nominal functioning of the timepiece movement.

[0077] The clock movement is successively positioned in at least two determined, i.e. distinct and defined, positions relative to the direction of the Earth's gravitational force, which may for example include beat clock positions in which the clock movement is vertical, in particular the 3 o'clock position, the 6 o'clock position, the 9 o'clock position, the 12 o'clock position, or any intermediate vertical position between two of the abovementioned vertical positions.

[0078] The method may be carried out by positioning the clock movement in a number of distinct orientations relative to the direction of the Earth's gravitational force.

[0079] Horizontal clock attitudes, especially the FH and CH attitudes, are undesirable for implementing the determination method.

[0080] For each position, data relating to the beat value of the oscillator 2 are determined. For example, as described above, acoustic data are used which allow the determination of the beat value data, in particular by calculation, according to the formula |(t1-t2) / 2|. For example, for this purpose, the beat value data are measured for each position. For example, the fluctuations in the intensity of an acoustic phenomenon are measured and an acoustic signal is obtained. By processing said signal, it is possible to determine the values ​​t1 and t2. These values ​​are then used for processing or calculation in order to determine the absolute beat value.

[0081] The beat value data obtained in the simplest manner is temporal beat value data (unsigned and unoriented).

[0082] However, the method advantageously includes the steps of: - Determine the amplitude of oscillation of oscillator 3, or - measuring the amplitude of oscillation of an oscillator, The method advantageously further comprises the step of computationally determining angular beat value data corresponding to the temporal beat value data using the amplitude of oscillation of the oscillator 2.

[0083] If the amplitude of oscillation of an oscillator does not vary much or at all in all measurements in different positions, it is possible to determine the amplitude of oscillation only once, in particular by measurement and calculation, and to assume that said amplitude is constant in all measurements performed in different positions.

[0084] If the amplitude of oscillation of the oscillator varies across all measurements in the various postures, it is preferable to determine the amplitude of oscillation of the oscillator in each posture and correlate the various amplitudes measured in the various postures with the beat value data obtained in the various postures.

[0085] The amplitude may be determined, in particular measured, in one and / or both of the distinct and defined positions. Alternatively, the amplitude may be determined, in particular measured, in any other position.

[0086] Finally, data relating to the beat value (temporal beat value data and, if applicable, oscillator amplitude data) are required in particular for the computational determination of the beat value of oscillator 2. - the orientation beat value of oscillator 2, and / or a function defining the orientation beat value of oscillator 2 as a function of the orientation of the clock movement relative to the direction of the Earth's gravitational force, This step is preferably performed by using all the obtained beat value data and its inverse to calculate 2 n All these orientations are associated with an angle λ (see NIHS 95-10 standard). The combination that best correlates with a sine function that represents the beat value as a function of the angle λ is then found, and this function is retained as the formula for the beat value of the tested clock movement as a function of the angle λ, i.e. as a function of the orientation of the clock movement with respect to the direction of the Earth's gravitational force.

[0087] If the structure of the clock movement is known, it is possible to determine anomalous combinations, as explained below: For example, a combination is not retained if it shows a minimum beat value data determined in a position where the beat value data should be maximum.

[0088] If the clock movement is neither vertical nor horizontal, the clock movement orientation angle λ is - Starting from the center of the dial and pointing to the 12 o'clock mark, - orthogonal projection onto the dial of an upward vector parallel to the direction of the Earth's gravitational force, or onto a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator, or onto the main plane P of the clock movement, i.e. onto the frame of the clock movement; is the orientation angle between The angle has a positive orientation from pointing to the 12 o'clock mark to pointing to the 3 o'clock mark, i.e. a clockwise rotation across the dial.

[0089] The signed beat value concept is advantageously combined with the geometric beat value concept to obtain a new definition of the beat value, which directly links the determined value with its physical cause and offers numerous possibilities for improving the chronometric performance of the clock movement as well as improved efficiency during assembly and adjustment operations. In particular, as mentioned above, the signed geometric beat value is an orientation angle value that is independent of the amplitude of oscillation of the balance wheel and the frequency of the oscillator.

[0090] It appears that the play of the clock movement, and in particular the radial play of the balance pivot, modifies the beat value depending on the orientation of the clock movement with respect to the direction of the Earth's gravitational force. In fact, the balance has a wobble (axial) and a play (radial). In a vertical position, the balance pivot weights the pivot stone, the effect of which is to move the center of rotation of the oscillator with respect to the frame. The orientation of the center line is also modified by this, thus modifying the beat value. For example, for a given caliber, the estimated variation in the beat value caused by the orientation difference between the center pivot and the pivot that weights the pivot stone gives a value of 0.76°, which corresponds to a temporal beat value of 0.25 ms for an amplitude oscillation of 240° and an oscillator frequency of 4 Hz. The beat values ​​of the frame and / or the clock movement in a vertical position over a complete revolution about an axis perpendicular to the dial allow the observation of a total variation in the beat value of the order of 0.5 ms. This play phenomenon seems to explain the beat value variation observed in practice.

[0091] Since the beat value depends on the position of the clock movement, it becomes possible to define a model that relates the two variables and thus allows the determination of the sign of the beat value measured in various positions. Nevertheless, it seems necessary to establish a convention for reasons of working in the same frame of reference.

[0092] The term orientation (angle λ in the NIHS 95-10 standard) is used to specify the angular orientation of the vertical position with respect to the center of the clock movement. A value of 0° corresponds to the 12 o'clock position. The orientation becomes positive when the clock movement (in the direction CH) seen from the dial side rotates in a counterclockwise direction, such as from the 12 o'clock position (0°) to 3 o'clock (90°). The tilt (angle θ in the NIHS 95-10 standard) is the angle defined between the vertical axis (axis Z in the NIHS 95-10 standard) oriented in the direction opposite to the direction of the Earth's gravitational force and the plane P of the clock movement. The orientation seen from the dial side is defined as 90° and the orientation seen from the case back side is defined as -90°.

[0093] It is also necessary to define the sign convention, i.e. the beat value is positive and increases as the line of the neutral point (passing through the centre of rotation of the oscillator pivot axis and the centre of the pin in the rest position of the balance wheel) is moved counterclockwise, as viewed in the direction FH, relative to the escapement line (or centre line, which is a line lying in the plane P of the clock movement, passing through the pivot axis of the oscillator and the pivot axis of the anchor assembly).

[0094] Knowing that the beat value depends on the pivot play also makes it possible to define the orientations that correspond to minimum and maximum beat value data.

[0095] Figure 3 shows the setup system 100 in the 12 o'clock position from the CH side (λ=0°, θ=90°). The extreme beat values ​​must be obtained when the center line L is in a horizontal position. Knowing that the center line L is inclined at 150° to the 12 o'clock position, the extreme beat values ​​and the median beat values ​​are obtained at the following orientations (relative to 12 o'clock): -300° or 60°. The beat value is the minimum value. -120° or 240°. The beat value is the maximum value. -30° or 150°. The beat value is at the median value, called the "beat value at the midpoint."

[0096] In a situation where the measurements (in absolute values) show a high beat value (higher than other measurements) associated with a posture where the beat value should be smallest, it can be inferred that the beat value is negative in that posture and therefore negative values ​​need to be considered.

[0097] It is possible to formulate a theoretical model that defines the beat value as a function of the orientation of the clock movement relative to the direction of the gravitational force. In a first approximation, the beat value follows a function of the following type: R(λ) = R0 × sin(λ-φ) + M where R(λ): the (signed or oriented) beat value, expressed temporally in [ms] or geometrically in angles [°], as a function of the orientation of the clock movement; R0: always positive, the amplitude of the sine function, λ: Orientation of the clock movement relative to the direction of Earth's gravitational force (0 to 360°), φ: a phase shift determined or defined by the structure of the clock movement, in particular the direction of the center line; M: (corresponding to the beat value at the midpoint, i.e. the orthogonal projection of the direction of the Earth's gravitational force onto the dial, or onto a plane perpendicular to the oscillator's pivot axis, or onto the main plane P of the clock movement, or onto the frame of the clock movement, is parallel to the centerline) Positive, zero, or negative offset.

[0098] The parameter φ is predefined based on the beat value data measured at different orientations of the clock movement and based on the structure of the clock movement, and it only remains to calculate the parameters R0 and M to define the beat value of the clock movement for all orientations relative to the direction of the Earth's gravitational force. A least squares solution may be used to computationally determine the sine function that best fits the data relating to the oscillator beat values ​​measured at different orientations of the clock movement.

[0099] The parameter M corresponds to the theoretical beat value that the oscillator would have if there was no play in the pivot. The term "midpoint" or "beat value at midpoint" of the parameter M may be used since this allows to describe the global or average behavior of the beat value and is equal to the average of the beat values ​​obtained at four vertical positions spaced by 90°, for example at four vertical clock positions.

[0100] As mentioned above, the beat value data obtained in the measurement are all positive, however, depending on the adjustment of the clock movement, the signed beat value data may be all positive or all negative, or some of the data may be positive and some negative when the clock movement is adjusted to the beat value exactly.

[0101] For example, in a first step, absolute beat value data is measured in four vertical test positions. Table 1 shows the results obtained.

[0102] [Table 1]

[0103] In the second step, the sign of each measurement is determined. In fact, based on these four measurements, 4=16 combinations of signed values ​​are possible. It is necessary to determine a combination of signed values ​​that corresponds effectively to the results of the tests carried out on the clock movement. Due to the known structure of the clock movement to be tested, it was possible to stipulate that the beat value data in the 3 o'clock position is closest to the minimum and the beat value data in the 9 o'clock position is closest to the maximum. For this reason, the combinations to be kept must satisfy the following condition: beat value (3 o'clock) < beat value (9 o'clock). In many cases, said condition makes it possible to reduce the number of solutions. Furthermore, the sign of the data may be determined by fitting a function R(λ) to the data by trying different sign combinations. The most promising solution is, for example, the one that minimizes the sum of the squares of the differences between the theoretical function R(λ) and the points defined on the various data combinations mentioned above. Other optimization or regression methods may also be used.

[0104] In a third step, the final solution is expressed in the following form, where the beat value is the measured one multiplied by the sign of the value calculated according to a theoretical model defined using the data obtained during the tests carried out on the clock movement:

[0105] [Table 2]

[0106] Based on the defined model, it is also possible to determine by calculation the beat value at the midpoint (i.e. at an orientation of the clock movement in which the orthogonal projection of the direction of the Earth's gravitational force onto the dial, or onto a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator, or onto the main plane of the clock movement, or onto the frame of the clock movement, is parallel to the centerline). The beat value at said midpoint has a value of +0.19 ms (or 0.57° for beat values ​​expressed in a geometrical manner). Thus, the function defining the orientation-angle beat value over an orientation (orientation λ) of the clock movement can be determined as a sine function (of the orientation λ of the clock movement) that best fits the data on the beat value of the oscillator. Thanks to such a sine function, it is possible to interpolate the beat value of the clock movement in any of its orientations (provided that the direction of the normal to the dial is at an angle of at least 2°, preferably at least 3°, relative to the direction of the Earth's gravitational force). Thus, it is possible to determine the beat value for orientations of the clock movement in which no beat value measurement was made.

[0107] The above example clearly shows the limitations of the conventional beat value definition and the corresponding measurement (absolute temporal beat value). The measurements in the vertical position cause two values ​​to be close to zero (0.02 and 0.07 ms) and two values ​​to be close to the maximum allowable range (0.36 and 0.43 ms). For the watchmaker, it is difficult to set the beat value. Should the watchmaker leave the clock movement as it is based on one of the measurements close to zero obtained, or should he correct it based on one of the other two measurements obtained? Furthermore, if the watchmaker were to bet on performing a correction, what beat value should he try to achieve? In fact, the average of the signed beat values ​​measured in the four vertical positions is equal to the beat value at the midpoint, but this does not apply to the average of the four "standard" measured absolute beat values. It is seen that the customary instruction "to set the beat value to zero in all positions" is simply unachievable in practice.

[0108] Other approaches to determining the sign of the beat value are also foreseen, instead of or in addition to adjusting the measurement with a sine function as described above. Some theoretical concepts are explained below.

[0109] Using acoustic characteristics to identify symbols In principle, and especially in the case of Swiss anchor escapements, the acoustic characteristics between two successive half-cycles are difficult to distinguish. For this reason, acoustic equipment does not take this criterion into account. However, for a certain caliber and a certain escapement type, this difference is very clear and can be used to deduce the sign of the watch movement. Extending this concept, the identification of each characteristic specific to each caliber can be achieved using supervised classification algorithms (K-nearest neighbors, support vector machines, or neural networks).

[0110] Identifying codes using photoacoustic measurements If the measurement of the beat value fails, the (dual channel) optical measurement makes it possible to know the direction of the balance wheel's passage for each half period. By combining this technique with an acoustic measurement, it becomes possible to determine the direction of each half period of the time measurement and therefore to deduce therefrom the sign of the beat value.

[0111] Identifying codes using clock movement excitations During the acoustic measurement, it is generally not possible to distinguish between "tick" and "tack" sounds. This problem can be addressed by performing a first measurement at rest (clock movement fixed) and a second measurement with angular acceleration in a known direction. If acceleration is performed with a center of rotation coinciding with that of the balance wheel and hairspring (non-Galleian frame of reference), the balance wheel is subjected to a torque that generates an angular offset at the height of the hairspring. The beat value is distorted according to the angular displacement imposed at the height of the hairspring. The sign of the beat value can be deduced by observing whether the beat value during the measurement increases or decreases when there is acceleration. For example, if the beat value increases during the rotation of the roller, it is clear that there is a departure from zero compared to the stationary measurement. For this reason, it is possible to determine the sign of the beat value. However, the sign of a beat value that is very close to zero may be difficult to identify. One improvement is to apply a gradual acceleration that is initially very low so that the evolution of the measurement can be detected and, if possible, the change in sign as the torque increases. An alternative method consists in exciting the clock movement with a short pulse at a very precise time so that the disturbance is synchronized with the half-period of the clock movement when the oscillator is close to the escapement function (the middle of the half-period). Assuming that the direction of the pulse is known, but the distinction between "tick" and "tack" half-periods remains, any disturbance to one side will generate either an increased or decreased amplitude. The algorithm is thus in a position to relate the half-period to the direction of rotation of the balance wheel. For this reason, the sign of the beat value can be identified.

[0112] As mentioned above, the use of signed beat values, and in particular signed geometric beat values, allows the determination of the midpoint, i.e. the effective offset between the neutral point and the centerline of the oscillator. It must be remembered that conventional measurements yield absolute values. Results obtained by the applicant show that said beat values, expressed in time, depend on the amplitude and are therefore variable between the horizontal and vertical positions, typically varying by 0.5 ms between the extreme values ​​measured in the vertical position due to pivot play.

[0113] As mentioned above, the present invention preferably includes a step of trying different combinations of signs of the obtained measurement data to find a better fit of a sine function to the measurement points. Such a step may be applied within a manufacturing flow.

[0114] The "global" beat value of each clock movement can thus be expressed via the beat values ​​at the midpoints (Table 3). This demonstrates the advantage of using signed beat values. Table 3 shows three cases: The beat value is positive and far from zero. The standard absolute average value provides a good approximation of the beat value at the midpoint, or the correct value when the average of the four vertical positions (clock movements 3, 5) is considered. This is not surprising based on the explanation above.

[0115] The beat value is far from zero and negative (clock movements 2, 4). Here we obtain the same characteristics as above, but with the opposite sign. The absolute value becomes systematically erroneous. This has direct consequences for setting the beat value. The watchmaker is forced, for example, to carry out at least two periodic adjustments and verification measurements.

[0116] The beat value is close to zero (clock movement 1). In this case, the average of the values, unlike the average of the absolute values, would cause a significant error in the beat value (e.g. by a factor of 2), again highlighting the advantage of the approach developed here.

[0117] [Table 3]

[0118] In the embodiment described in detail above, the determination method was applied to a clock movement in a vertical position, i.e. with the balance axis perpendicular to the direction of the Earth's gravitational force. Studies carried out by the Applicant have shown that it is necessary to avoid carrying out the determination method on clock movements in a horizontal position. Nevertheless, as soon as an angle of about 2°, preferably 3° or more, between the axis of the oscillator and the direction of the Earth's gravitational force becomes measurable, the clock movement is in a position suitable for the effective use of the determination method. Said condition is respected for one or several or all positions in which the clock movement is placed to determine the beat value data.

[0119] When the clock movement is not in a vertical position or when it is in a horizontal position, the orientation angle λ of the clock movement is defined as above, i.e. - the orientation direction from the center of the dial or of the clock movement towards the 12 o'clock mark, - the orthogonal projection onto the dial, or onto a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator, or onto the principal planes of the clock movement, or onto the frame of the clock movement, of an upward vector parallel to the direction of the Earth's gravitational force, It is defined as the orientation angle between

[0120] At least one of the defined positions preferably comprises: - the orthogonal projection of the centre line L (a line connecting the oscillation axis of the oscillator and the pivot axis of the anchor assembly 31, perpendicular to the two axes) onto the dial of the clock, or onto a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator, or onto a main plane of the clock movement, or onto the frame of the clock movement; - an orthogonal projection of the direction of the Earth's gravitational force onto the dial of the clock, or onto a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator, or onto the main planes of the clock movement, or onto the frame of the clock movement; is such that the angle between is zero or has an absolute value less than 5° or less than 10°.

[0121] The at least two defined distinct positions are preferably vertical positions of the clock movement having an angle of about 90° between them and / or having an angle of at least 90° between them about an axis perpendicular to the frame and / or dial (axis X according to the NIHS 95-10 standard). More generally, the at least two defined distinct positions are positions of the clock movement such that the difference in the orientation angle λ of the clock movement between the two positions is 90° or approximately 90° or at least 90°.

[0122] At least one first defined position of the clock movement is - the orthogonal projection of the centre line L onto the dial of the clock, or onto a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator, or onto the main planes of the clock movement, or onto the frame of the clock movement; - an orthogonal projection of the direction of the Earth's gravitational force onto the dial of the clock, or onto a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator, or onto the main planes of the clock movement, or onto the frame of the clock movement; is zero or has an absolute value less than 5° or less than 10°, At least one second position of the clock movement is such that the orientation angle λ difference of the clock movement between the first and second positions is ±90° or approximately ±90°, and optionally the expected third position of the clock movement is such that an orientation angle λ difference of the clock movement between the first and second positions is ±90° or approximately ±90°, the second and third positions are distinct positions, i.e. the difference in the orientation angle λ of the clock movement between the second and third positions is 180° or approximately 180°; Sometimes it is very advantageous.

[0123] To this end, the second and third positions are advantageously - the orthogonal projection of the centre line L onto the dial of the clock, or onto a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator, or onto the main planes of the clock movement, or onto the frame of the clock movement; - an orthogonal projection of the direction of the Earth's gravitational force onto the dial of the clock, or onto a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator, or onto the main planes of the clock movement, or onto the frame of the clock movement; have a value of 90°, or an absolute value between 85° and 95°, or an absolute value between 80° and 100°. In such second and third positions it is possible to measure extreme beat values ​​or values ​​close to the extreme beat values.

[0124] In principle, the determination of the beat value becomes more reliable and accurate as the number of measurement points increases. In the case of a clock movement of unknown structure, it is recommended to position the clock movement in at least three, preferably four, in particular four vertical positions or positions inclined at least 2° to the horizontal. If the structure of the clock movement is known, and thus the positions of the minimum, zero and maximum of the theoretical sine function R(λ) are known, the value can be determined by placing the clock movement in only two vertical positions (or positions inclined at least 2° to the horizontal) and eliminating, by elimination, certain sign combinations that are incompatible with the sign convention and / or with the physical reality (the resulting amplitude R0 is too high). The measurement positions may advantageously be spaced at 90° or more than 90° apart, or may correspond to positions in which the function R(λ) has a maximum or minimum value.

[0125] Regardless of the embodiment or variant of the method, data related to the beat value of oscillator 2 (absolute temporal beat value) and / or the oscillation amplitude of oscillator 2 is determined, for example, by processing a pre-measured or acquired acoustic signal or by processing a pre-measured or acquired acoustic and optical signal.

[0126] <How to set the beat value> The beat value is systematically set for each clock movement or watch, either manually (e.g. by a watchmaker during after-sales service or during the manual production process) or automatically (e.g. in an automated production facility). Until now, the absence of a code for the beat value has not only made it problematic to set the beat value, but also limited industrial control of the magnitude, especially by making statistical analysis difficult.

[0127] The usual approach to setting the beat value consisted of performing an iterative succession of acoustic measurements. After each measurement, the hairspring stud holder was moved over a certain angle depending on the beat value measured in the preceding iteration, the direction of the movement during the first period being a bet. By measuring the beat value before and after the correction and knowing the direction in which the hairspring stud holder was moved, it is often possible to deduce the direction in which to correct the beat value. A further possibility is to move the hairspring stud holder a long distance in one direction, so that there is no doubt about the sign of the beat value and it is possible to set the beat value appropriately. However, the method is laborious, since it relies on multiple measurements and corrections of the position of the hairspring stud holder in order to reach the required value in an iterative manner.

[0128] Thanks to the above-mentioned solution, the problem of the direction of movement of the hairspring is solved before the first correction iteration, making it possible to limit the manipulation of the hairspring stud holder. Parts whose beat value is initially within the tolerance range do not have to be misadjusted in order to identify the sign of the beat value. For example, as mentioned above, a series of measurements in a vertical position makes it possible to identify the sign of the beat value. Said measurements, expressed as signed geometric beat values, also make it possible to quantify the beat value over intermediate points, which reflects the overall behavior of the clock movement.

[0129] One way of implementing the setting system 100 or the method for adjusting the oscillator 2 is described below. - implementing a method according to the invention for determining a beat value, in particular adopting one of the ways of implementing the determination method described above, - setting a beat value for oscillator 2; Includes.

[0130] The step of setting the beat value advantageously involves a movement of the fixed support of the hairspring relative to the escapement and / or the frame 99.

[0131] For this reason, - measuring the beat value in multiple vertical positions, e.g. four mutually perpendicular positions; and - calculating the beat values ​​at the midpoints by fitting a function, for example a sine function or any other suitable function, for example a polynomial, Bézier or spline function, at the measurement points; appears to be valid.

[0132] The setting method allows the beat value to be set in a single operation, directly targeting the correct value, without performing repeated tests. The correction is effective if the method determines the signed geometric beat value, which directly results in the correct angle value and the correct direction for the correction. The procedure of measuring the beat value and setting the beat value using the signed beat value allows not only to center the distribution on the correct value, but also to control and reduce the variance.

[0133] The setting method described above is robust since it allows a reliable and accurate adjustment of any clock movement, however, it can be improved (especially in terms of the time spent and the means to implement) with knowledge of the structure and / or type of escapement of the clock movement to be adjusted.

[0134] The research carried out by the Applicant makes it possible to predict the future evolution of the beat value of a known clock movement as a function of the support on which the clock movement rests. Knowing the orientation of the setting system of the clock movement makes it possible to determine the preferred orientation in which to set the beat value. In particular, the held orientation positions the clock movement in a known orientation λ. This makes it possible to determine the optimal beat value to be set in such an orientation, which may be zero value, maximum value, minimum value or any other intermediate value.

[0135] To carry out such an adjustment, the clock movement is preferably positioned so that the normal to the dial is at an angle θ with respect to the direction of the Earth's gravitational force of at least 2°, preferably at least 3°. Angles θ greater than 10°, in particular greater than 30° or even greater than 45° appear to be of particular interest to watchmakers from the point of view of ergonomics.

[0136] For this reason, another way of implementing the setting system 100 or the method for adjusting the oscillator 2 is - positioning the clock movement in a predetermined position; - setting a beat value at said given position to a given value, in particular to a value at or close to zero; will be adopted.

[0137] In particular, one can proceed to set the beat value by attempting to achieve a non-zero beat value depending on the posture adopted and contrary to information known from the prior art. Benefiting from the influence of the orientation of the clock movement on the measurement of the beat value, it is possible to identify the orientation of the clock movement being set, so that a target of zero in said orientation makes it possible to achieve a given beat value at the midpoint.

[0138] The adjustment can be performed on any kind of escapement, including a Swiss anchor escapement, but is particularly relevant for asymmetric escapements, such as the Robin escapement, where the beat value influences the rate.

[0139] For this reason, another way of implementing the setting system 100 or the method for adjusting the oscillator 2 is to - placing the clock movement in a given position, and - setting the beat value to a non-zero value at said predetermined position; will be adopted.

[0140] The step of setting the beat value advantageously involves the movement, relative to the frame 99, of the support to which the hairspring is fixed.

[0141] The various ways of implementing the configuration method may be advantageously combined.

[0142] Thanks to the setting method according to the invention, the clock movement: - the orthogonal projection of the centre line L onto the dial or onto a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator or onto the main planes of the clock movement or onto the frame of the clock movement, - an orthogonal projection of the direction of the Earth's gravitational force onto the dial, or onto a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator, or onto the main planes of the clock movement, or onto the frame of the clock movement; is positionable such that the angle between As a result, a beat value setting step can be employed in which the closest approximation to a zero beat value setting is attempted.

[0143] Alternatively, the clock movement may be in any other predetermined position, in particular - the orthogonal projection of the centre line L onto the dial or onto a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator or onto the main planes of the clock movement or onto the frame of the clock movement, - an orthogonal projection of the direction of the Earth's gravitational force onto the dial, or onto a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator, or onto the main planes of the clock movement, or onto the frame of the clock movement; may be positioned such that the angle between them is a right angle or substantially a right angle; As a result, a beat value setting step can be employed in which the closest approximation to a zero beat value setting is attempted.

[0144] Using the above described setting method, a correctly adjusted clock movement 200 or a correctly adjusted clock 300, in particular a wristwatch, can be obtained.

[0145] <How to determine the drift of the beat value between two states> During testing or approval of a watch movement, the aim is to analyse the beat value and its drift in various conditions, for example before and after a shock, before and after magnetisation, and more generally before and after an external load or intervention. This ideally requires knowledge of the sign of the beat value in order to determine the amplitude and direction of the drift or movement. In this case, the movement of the hairspring stud holder in order to determine the beat value and its sign is not foreseeable and up to now only the absolute beat value can be measured. This lack of knowledge of the sign has been a major problem. For example, a measurement in two conditions could lead to a result of zero drift, but in practice the beat value can be moved to double its initial value in changing its sign. Even more troublesome was that the random aspect at the level of the sign of the drift value does not make it possible to link the result with physical phenomena linked to the shock (deformation of the hairspring, movement of the hairspring stud holder, etc.). Here the usefulness of knowing the sign of the beat value is clear.

[0146] Thus, one way of implementing the method for determining the drift of a clock movement after a shock or magnetization comprises a step of determining the beat value of oscillator 2 using the above-described method for determining a beat value. Preferably, two steps of determining the beat value of oscillator 2 using the above-described method for determining a beat value are performed, a first step before the shock or magnetization and a second step after the shock or magnetization.

[0147] How to determine the (previously unknown) geometry of an oscillator arrangement within a clock movement The variation of the beat value as a function of the orientation of the clock movement relative to the direction of the Earth's gravitational force is linked to the play of the setting system 100, in particular the radial play of the balance. Due to the influence of gravitational forces, the balance wheel pivot takes a position within its jewels depending on the orientation of the clock movement. Figure 4 shows said movement of the pivot from the centre C0 to a position C1, characterized by the pivot half play m, which corrects the direction of the escapement line and therefore the beat value. The variation of the beat value is theoretically explained by the pivot play, but the inversion of the method allows the calculation of said play based on the measurement of the beat value.

[0148] Based on the illustration in Figure 4, the simple relationship between pivot play and beat value is: β=arctan(m / l) where β: the relative angle between the center line and the neutral point of the movement due to the radial half play (corresponding to the amplitude of the sine function that defines the signed geometric beat value), m: Pivot radial half play l: The distance between the axis of the balance wheel pivot and the roller pin.

[0149] Applying the figures, for nominal values ​​of m 8 μm and l 0.6 mm, we get β=0.76°, which corresponds to a perfectly normal value.

[0150] The above simple relationship assumes that the pivot is cylindrical and can be developed to take into account the conical nature of the pivot, thereby allowing the axial vibration of the pivot to be deduced.

[0151] Alternatively, if the diameter of the pivot stone hole is precisely known, the diameter of the balance wheel pivot can be estimated from the beat value measurement.

[0152] Thus, in a manner to implement a method for determining the geometry of an arrangement of an oscillator 2 in a clock movement 3, the method comprises: - determining a function defining a beat value as a function of the position of the clock movement, using the method for determining a beat value as described above; - using a function to determine, in particular by calculation, a value representative of the radial pivot play of oscillator 2 and / or a value indicative of the axial oscillation of the balance wheel and / or a value representative of the diameter of the balance wheel pivot; Includes.

[0153] For example, using the above method for determining the beat value, it is possible to determine the value of the amplitude of the above sine function. Then, based on the maximum angular beat value and the known distance between the axis of the balance pivot and the roller pin, the pivot play value of the oscillator can be determined using the formula β=arctan(m / l).

[0154] The concept of "frame" as used in this specification can be alternatively referred to as a "module" concept, for example when the oscillator-escapement system is mounted and / or adjusted on a timepiece module which is intended to be subsequently assembled on the frame.

[0155] In this specification, for ease of formulation, the term "beat" is sometimes used to mean "beat value."

[0156] In this specification, the term "plane of the clock movement" or "main plane of the clock movement" means a plane perpendicular to the axis of the moving part of the final gear train. Said plane is for example perpendicular to the pivot axis of the oscillator. Said plane is preferably the plane on which the clock movement rests. For example, said plane is - tangential to the largest surface of the frame, oriented perpendicular to the axis of the final moving part, or - At the height where the dial will be placed, passing through the location of the frame.

[0157] "Determining a value" refers to a set of at least one step that assigns a value or quantifies an object or phenomenon. - at least one measurement, and / or - at least one calculation, and / or - at least one mathematical or logical or computer process, Includes.

[0158] "Determining a function" means a set of at least one step that defines or determines a function, in particular a mathematical function, in particular and more precisely the coefficients and / or constants of said function. - at least one measurement, and / or - at least one calculation, and / or - at least one mathematical or logical or computer process, Includes.

Claims

1. A method for determining, in particular calculating, the beat value of an oscillator (2), in particular of a balance wheel (21) and hairspring (22) oscillator, in a timepiece movement (200), said method comprising at least: causing the oscillator to oscillate relative to the frame (99) of the clock movement; positioning the clock movement in at least two defined orientations relative to the direction of the Earth's gravitational force; determining, for each position, data relating to the absolute beat value of said oscillator (2); using the data from the previous step to determine the beat value of the oscillator (2), in particular the orientation beat value and / or a function defining said orientation beat value as a function of the orientation of the clock movement relative to the direction of the Earth's gravitational force, A method comprising the steps of:

2. the beat value is a temporal value; The method of claim 1.

3. The oscillator comprises: in one of the positions of said step of positioning the clock movement, or in some of the positions of said steps of positioning said clock movement, or In all of the positions of the steps of positioning the clock movement, having an oscillation axis at an angle of at least 2° or at least 3° relative to the direction of the Earth's gravitational force; The method of claim 1.

4. At least one of the determined attitudes is the orthogonal projection of the center line (L) onto the plane (P) of the clock movement; an orthogonal projection of the direction of the Earth's gravitational force onto the plane (P) of the clock movement; and the angle between the first and second polarities is such that the angle between the first and second polarities has an absolute value of zero or less than 5° or less than 10°. and / or at least one of the determined attitudes is the orthogonal projection of the center line (L) onto the plane (P) of the clock movement; an orthogonal projection of the direction of the Earth's gravitational force onto the plane (P) of the clock movement; is such that the angle between has a value of 90° or an absolute value between 85° and 95° or an absolute value between 80° and 100°, The method of claim 1.

5. the at least two determined positions are positions at an angle of approximately 90° to one another about a vertical position of the timepiece movement and / or an axis perpendicular to the frame; The method of claim 1.

6. the function defining the orientation beat value as a function of the position of the clock movement is defined as a sine function, a polynomial function, a Bezier function or a spline function that best fits the data on the beat value of the oscillator; The method of claim 1.

7. determining the oscillation amplitude of the oscillator (3), The method of claim 1.

8. using the oscillation amplitude of the oscillator (2) to determine an angular beat value. Including, The method of claim 7.

9. the data relating to the beat value of the oscillator (2) and / or the oscillation amplitude of the oscillator (2) are determined by processing an acoustic signal or by processing an acoustic and optical signal, The method of claim 1.

10. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of: How to adjust the oscillator (2).

11. positioning the clock movement in a predetermined position; and setting the beat value to a zero value or a non-zero value in the predetermined position; How to adjust the oscillator (2).

12. the step of setting the beat value includes a movement of a hairspring fixed support relative to a frame (99). The setting method according to claim 10 or 11.

13. 10. A method for determining the drift of a clock movement between two states, in particular after adjustment or shock or magnetization, comprising the step of determining the beat value of an oscillator (2) using the method according to claim 1.

14. A method for determining the geometry of the placement of an oscillator (3) in a timepiece movement (2), said method comprising: determining a function defining said beat value as a function of said position of said clock movement using the method of claim 1; - using said function to determine, in particular by calculation, a value representative of the radial pivot play of the oscillator (2) and / or a value representative of the true axial oscillation of the balance wheel and / or a value representative of the diameter of the pivot of the balance wheel; A method comprising:

15. A clock movement (200) obtained using the method according to claim 10 or 11.

16. A timepiece (300), in particular a wristwatch, comprising a timepiece movement (200) according to claim 15.

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