Method for destroying organic waste with low moisture content

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for treating domestic waste, in particular to a method for treating waste with low moisture content by plasma chemical destruction. The object of the present invention is to provide a method for destroying organic waste with low moisture content, thereby achieving the technical effect of widening the scope of the technical solution. The destruction method achieves the technical effect. Organic waste with low moisture content is fed into a reactor through an inlet, and waste of biological origin is also fed. The reactor is provided in the form of a closed cavity, the inner surface of which is fully or partially conductive and earthed. An electrode protrudes into the reactor and is spaced apart from the grounded surface. A high voltage pulse is provided to the electrode. The pulse causes a corona discharge current to form in the gap between the electrode and the conductive surface of the reactor.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for treating domestic waste, and more particularly to a method for treating waste with a low water content by plasma chemical destruction. [Background technology]

[0002] The known method for treating solid organic waste in an apparatus according to Russian Patent Application Publication No. 2741004 (published on January 22, 2021) treats solid organic waste to produce synthesis gas by conversion through steam plasma gasification. The treatment is carried out in a high-temperature plasma reactor, in which water vapor is used as the plasma support gas, and the temperature of the reaction zone is about 1600 to 2000°C.

[0003] The disadvantages of this type of method are the large amount of heat required, the incomplete treatment of solid organic waste, and the generation of synthesis gas, which also needs to be treated.

[0004] Based on Reference 1, plasma discharged at atmospheric pressure acts on water and further destroys water molecules, forming radicals, H 2 O → OH· + H·. Based on Reference 2, the chain reaction of the oxidation process of organic substances in the presence of water can be triggered by atmospheric oxygen and ozone, but the rate is low. The faster chain reaction is triggered by hydroxyl radicals. Due to the lack of water, the concentration of radicals is not significant, which does not allow triggering the chain reaction of oxidation of organic substances in water. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Russian Patent Application Publication No. 2741004 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for the destruction of organic waste with low moisture content, and to achieve the technical effect of broadening the scope of the technical solution. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The technical effect is obtained by a destruction method, in which organic waste with a low moisture content is fed into a reactor via an inlet, and also waste of biological origin. The reactor is provided in the form of a closed cavity, the inner surface of which is fully or partially conductive and earthed. An electrode projects into the reactor, and further the electrode is spaced from the earthed surface. A high voltage pulse is provided to the electrode. The pulse creates a corona discharge current in the gap between the electrode and the conductive surface of the reactor.

[0008] As is well known, biological waste contains up to 98% water (Table 2, "Algae" in the "Water" section of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia). The plasma of the corona discharge induced in the reactor acts on the water contained in the biological waste, disintegrating the water molecules contained therein, H 2 Radicals are formed by O → OH + H. In addition, other active substances are generated in the reactor by the corona discharge current. 3 , O 2 (a 1 Δ), H 2 O 2 , OH, O( 3 P), NO, HNO 2 and HNO 3 The corona discharge also produces ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The above active substances and the UV radiation have a destructive effect on any organic and inorganic substances contained in the domestic waste, even organic waste with a low water content, completely destroying them and forming harmless gaseous reaction products, namely water and carbon dioxide. The non-organic parts of the waste are destroyed by the acid.

[0009] In other words, the method provides plasma chemical destruction of organic and inorganic materials contained in waste, including organic waste with low water content.

[0010] Preferably, the gap size between the electrode and the at least one conductive portion on the inner surface of the cavity is set in the range of 5 to 50 millimeters.

[0011] Preferably, when carrying out the process, atmospheric air is restricted from entering the reactor.

[0012] Preferably, the waste material is added to the reactor in a metered form.

[0013] Preferably, the waste material quantity is fed into the reactor in compressed form while at the same time restricting atmospheric air from entering the reactor.

[0014] Preferably, when carrying out the method, domestic waste and biological waste with low moisture content are fed simultaneously or successively into the reactor.

[0015] Preferably, the pressure inside the reactor is reduced by 0.1 to 1.0 Pa compared to atmospheric pressure.

[0016] In one implementation of the process, a vacuum is created at the outlet portion of the reactor to reduce the pressure within the reactor. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0017] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 shows a vertical cross section of a reactor in which the process for which protection is sought is carried out. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0018] The method is realized by using a reactor provided in the form of a closed body 1, the bottom 10 of which is conductive and grounded. An electrode 6 with a tip 9 protrudes into the body 1. The tip 9 is directed away from and towards the conductive bottom 10 of the body 1. After a portion of compressed organic waste with a low water content and a portion of compressed biological waste are fed from the device 11, the waste to be treated is metered and fed through the inlet 2 of the body 1, while limiting the entry of atmospheric air into the body 1. A high-voltage pulse source 8 provides high-voltage pulses to the electrode 6. As known from Reference 1, each pulse causes a large amount of plasma flow to appear near the tip 9 of the electrode 6. The plasma flow starts to multiply and diffuse towards the conductive bottom 10 of the body 1, gradually filling the gap between the electrodes and forming a streamer corona discharge. The plasma of the corona discharge acts on the water contained in the biological waste fed into the reactor, and when it further breaks down the water molecules, radicals are formed, which are H 2 O → OH + H, after which they are formed, they also act on organic waste with low water content. In addition, other active substances are converted to O in the reactor by corona discharge. 3 , O 2 (a 1 Δ), H 2 O 2 , OH, O( 3 P), NO, HNO 2 and HNO 3 The corona discharge also produces ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The above active substances and the UV radiation have a destructive effect on any organic and inorganic substances contained in the waste being treated, completely destroying them and forming harmless gaseous reaction products, namely water and carbon dioxide. The non-organic substances in the waste are destroyed by the acid. The oxidation process of organic substances in water is a chain reaction (Reference 2). A slow chain reaction can be triggered by atmospheric oxygen and ozone. However, a fast chain reaction is triggered only by hydroxyl radicals and is triggered in the reactor by applying the plasma of the corona discharge to the water contained in the biological waste. In other words, the device provides a plasma-chemical destruction of the organic and inorganic substances contained in the waste, including organic waste with a low water content. The destroyed gaseous products pass through the outlet 3 of the reactor.

[0019] Accordingly, a particular technical effect has been achieved in the form of providing a method for the plasma-chemical destruction of organic and non-organic matter contained in waste, including organic waste with low moisture content.

[0020] -References- 1. А.А. С.И. системе твердый диэлектрик-газ-жидкость / / Журнал Physical Chemistry. 2004. T. 78. No. 7. P. 1326-1331. (Aristova NA,Piskarev IM,Ivanovskiy AV,Selemir VD,Spirov GM,Shlepkin SI Chemical reactions induced by discharges in dielectric-gas-liquid configurations / / Journal of Physical Chemistry, 2004, Vol.78, #7, pp. 1326-1331) 2. Пискарев И.М. Пискарев И.М. 2001. Т. 71. Вып. 10. С. 1622. (Piskarev IM Oxidation-reduction processes in water induced by discharge above the water surface / / Journal of General Chemistry, 2001, Vol. 71, Issue 10, page 1622) [Explanation of symbols]

[0021] 1. Reactor body having an internal cavity 2 Inlet 3 outlet 4. Inner surface of reactor cavity 5. Conductive parts of the inner surface of the reactor cavity 6 point electrode 7 Insulating materials 8 High voltage pulse source 9 Electrode end 10 Conductive bottom of reactor 11 Equipment for measuring and supplying the amount of waste to be treated 12 Electrostatic filter with suction fan to lower pressure to the delivery section of the reactor

Claims

1. A method for destroying organic waste with a low moisture content, comprising feeding organic waste with a low moisture content through an inlet into a reactor, and also feeding waste of biological origin; said reactor being in the form of a closed cavity, all or part of whose inner surface is conductive and grounded; an electrode spaced apart from the grounded surface extending into the reactor; and a high voltage pulse being applied to the electrode, forming a corona discharge in a gap between the electrode and the conductive surface of the reactor.

2. 2. The method for destroying organic waste with low moisture content according to claim 1, characterized in that the gap dimension between the electrode and at least one conductive portion on the inner surface of the cavity is in the range of 5 to 50 millimeters.

3. 2. A method for destroying organic waste with a low moisture content according to claim 1, characterized in that during the feeding of the waste, the ingress of atmospheric air into the reactor is restricted.

4. A method for destroying organic waste with a low water content according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the waste is fed into the reactor in a metered form.

5. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein said waste is fed to said reactor in a compressed form.

6. 6. The method for destroying organic waste with a low moisture content according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the organic waste with a low moisture content and the waste of biological origin are fed to a reactor simultaneously or sequentially.

7. 2. The method for destroying organic waste with low moisture content according to claim 1, wherein the pressure in the reactor is 0.1 to 1.0 Pa lower than atmospheric pressure.

8. 8. The method for destroying organic waste with low moisture content according to claim 7, characterized in that a vacuum is formed at the outlet portion of the reactor.

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