Shelter door

Abstract

To provide a shelter door that allows easy traffic between above-ground and underground shelters with simple facilities.SOLUTION: A shelter door 1 comprises a door body 10 for opening and closing an opening 110 provided in a ceiling 101 of a shelter 100, a lifting platform 20 connected to the door body 10 via a strut 12, and a drive mechanism for lifting and lowering the door body 10 in a lifting direction D1. Further, it comprises a guide rail 31 that guides the door body 10 and the lifting platform 20 to move in the lifting direction D1. When the drive mechanism is operated with the door body 10 opening the opening 110 at the upper limit position, the door body 10 and the lifting platform 20 synchronously move downwards along the lifting direction D1 from the ceiling 101 to a floor 102. With the door body 10 closing the opening 110 at the lower limit position, when a moving platform 27 is lowered, a link mechanism operates and a friction material is connected to a friction plate in a compressed state.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a shelter door that rises and falls while being cantilevered on a guide rail. [Background technology]

[0002] Since the main body of an underground shelter is buried underground, it is a facility that allows extremely safe evacuation in the event of natural disasters such as tsunamis and fires. In addition, since it is possible to easily improve the radiation shielding performance, it is also expected to be used as a nuclear shelter.

[0003] However, entering and exiting an underground shelter generally requires opening and closing a heavy shelter door, and also requires ascending and descending. Opening and closing a heavy shelter door is thought to require a great deal of strength. Also, ascending and descending is generally done using stairs or ladders, which is a great burden for elderly people and those with walking difficulties.

[0004] Patent Document 1 proposes a disaster prevention underground shelter that uses a pantograph-type lift to enable safe, easy, and rapid evacuation of people and materials. This underground shelter is provided with a shelter dog unit installed in a buried pit dug from the ground surface, an elevator composed of a pantograph-type lift mechanism between the shelter dog unit ground entrance and the underground shelter dog underground entrance, and a storage battery that drives the elevator. In addition, a backup device is provided that operates the air filtration system by manually turning a crank when the storage battery consumes all its power or when the commercial power supply is interrupted.

[0005] Patent Document 2 proposes an underground shelter that is open at the top and connected to a concrete shelter dog that is buried underground and has walls on all four sides, and that has a housing that can move up and down by a lifting drive device along one or more shelter rails fixed to the floor near the inner circumference inside the shelter dog. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] JP 2020-90876 A [Patent Document 2] JP 2014-198984 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] However, in the invention proposed in Patent Document 1, when moving to the underground space in the underground shelter, it is necessary to take the steps of opening the waterproof armored door, getting into the elevator, closing the opened waterproof armored door again, and descending in the elevator. Furthermore, after descending in the elevator, it is necessary to open and close the partition door. As mentioned above, moving from the ground to the underground space requires many steps. In addition, the waterproof armored door is considered to be a heavy door because it has the performance of protecting the inside against shock waves, wind pressure, vibration, radiation, bomb fragments, dust, gas, fire and heat, electromagnetic waves, and floods associated with blasts. Opening and closing such a heavy door is a heavy burden for people with disabilities. As for Patent Document 2, since it is a mechanism for raising and lowering the shelter dock itself, it is inevitable that each facility constituting the underground shelter will be large in scale.

[0008] The present invention has been made in response to these problems, and aims to provide a shelter door that allows easy movement between above-ground and underground shelters using simple equipment. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] The invention for solving the above problems is a shelter door comprising: a door body that opens and closes an opening in the ceiling of the shelter by rising and lowering in a lifting direction; a lifting platform connected to the door body via a support; a pair of guide rails that extend along the lifting direction; and a drive mechanism that raises and lowers the lifting platform in the lifting direction, wherein the guide rails are fixed to the wall of the shelter, the lifting platform is cantilevered on the guide rails via a connection part, and the door body rises and falls in the lifting direction in synchronization with the lifting platform.

[0010] According to this configuration, the shelter door includes a door body that opens and closes an opening provided in the ceiling of the shelter by rising and falling in the rising and falling direction, a lifting platform connected to the door body via a support, a pair of guide rails extending along the rising and falling direction, and a drive mechanism that raises and lowers the lifting platform in the rising and falling direction, so that evacuees can evacuate to the shelter while standing on the lifting platform. Also, at the same time as evacuating to the shelter, the opening is closed by the door body. Furthermore, since the lifting platform rises and falls in the rising and falling direction while being cantilever-supported by the guide rails fixed to the wall of the shelter, the shape of the shelter door can be made compact.

[0011] Preferably, the lift platform has a lift movement part that moves up and down in the lift direction independently of the door body and not in synchronization with the door body.

[0012] When an evacuee transfers to the platform, it is desirable that the height of the platform and the ceiling be as close as possible to ensure the safety of the evacuee. On the other hand, when an evacuee evacuates into a shelter and descends from the platform, it is desirable that the step between the platform and the floor is small. With this configuration, the platform has a lifting and descending moving part that rises and descends in the lifting and descending direction independently of the door body without being synchronized with the door body, so that when an evacuee transfers to the platform, the lifting and descending moving part can be raised and lowered to a lower height the door body. On the other hand, when an evacuee evacuates into a shelter and descends from the platform, the lifting and descending moving part can be lowered to a lower height the step between the platform and the floor.

[0013] Preferably, when the door body reaches its upper limit position and the lifting and lowering portion reaches its upper limit position, the lifting and lowering portion is substantially flush with the ceiling.

[0014] According to this configuration, when the door body reaches its upper limit position and the lifting and moving part also reaches its upper limit position, the lifting and moving part reaches a height that allows evacuees to easily transfer from the ceiling to the lifting and moving part, i.e., the lifting and moving part is almost flush with the ceiling, so the upper limit lifting and moving position of the door body can be set low. Here, "almost flush" includes a step that is socially accepted in the technical field, such as a step of about 0 to 10 mm or a step within a range of about 0 to 10% of the thickness of the ceiling. It also includes a flat flush with no step at all.

[0015] Preferably, a restraining device is provided that operates in conjunction with the descent of the lifting and lowering portion to restrain the movement of the door body in the lifting and lowering direction.

[0016] According to this configuration, a restraint device is provided that operates in conjunction with the descent of the lifting and lowering moving part to restrain the movement of the door body in the lifting and lowering direction, so that even if some factor causes the door body to suddenly descend, the descent speed of the door body can be suppressed.

[0017] Preferably, the restraint device has a link mechanism fixed to the lifting platform and a friction material provided at the tip of the link mechanism, and the friction material moves toward the wall via the link mechanism which operates in conjunction with the descent of the lifting moving part, and connects to the wall in a compressed state.

[0018] According to this configuration, the restraint device has a link mechanism fixed to the lifting platform and a friction material provided at the tip of the link mechanism, and the friction material moves toward the wall and connects to the wall in a compressed state via the link mechanism which operates in conjunction with the descent of the lifting and lowering moving part, so that the lifting and lowering of the door body can be reliably restrained by simply lowering the lifting and lowering moving part.

[0019] Preferably, when the door body closes the opening, the friction material is connected to the wall in a compressed state via a friction plate attached to the wall.

[0020] According to this configuration, when the door body closes the opening, the friction material is connected to the wall in a compressed state via the friction plate attached to the wall, so that by lowering the lifting and lowering part with the door body closing the opening, the door body is brought into a state similar to a locked state, i.e., a locking device for locking the door body is not required. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0021] [Figure 1] 1 is a front cross-sectional view of the door body closing the opening. FIG. [Diagram 2] 13 is a front cross-sectional view of the door body when it reaches its upper limit height. FIG. [Diagram 3] 1A is a front view of the connection portion, and FIG. [Figure 4] 1A is a side view of the drive mechanism, and FIG. [Diagram 5] FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 13 is a plan view illustrating the arrangement of the restraint device when the movable platform is located at the upper limit position. [Figure 7] FIG. 13 is a plan view illustrating the arrangement of the restraint device when the movable platform is located at the lower limit position. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0022] Hereinafter, an embodiment of a shelter door 1 of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Figs.

[0023] 1 and 2, the shelter door 1 comprises a door body 10 for opening and closing an opening 110 provided in a ceiling 101 of a shelter 100, a lifting platform 20 connected to the door body 10 via a support 12, and a drive mechanism 40 for raising and lowering the lifting platform 20 in a lifting direction D1. It also comprises a pair of guide rails 31, 31 for guiding the movement of the door body 10 and the lifting platform 20 in the lifting direction D1. The shelter 100 is a so-called underground shelter, partly or entirely provided underground 120.

[0024] When the drive mechanism 40 is operated while the door body 10 is at the upper limit height, i.e., the opening 110 is open (see FIG. 3), the door body 10 and the lifting platform 20 move downward in synchronization from the ceiling 101 toward the floor 102 along the lifting direction D1. As a result, the door body 10 reaches the lower limit position and closes the opening 110 (see FIGS. 1 and 2). When the door body 10 reaches the upper limit height, the lifting movement part 23 is operated to raise the moving platform 27 to a height that reaches the upper limit position, so that the moving platform 27 and the upper surface of the ceiling 101 become almost flush with each other. Here, "almost flush" includes a step according to a socially accepted concept in the technical field, and includes a step within a range of, for example, about 0 to 10 mm or about 0 to 10% of the thickness of the ceiling 101. Furthermore, it also includes a flat surface with no step. In addition, when barrier-free or the like is not taken into consideration, it is not limited to "almost flush" and may have a step of a greater or lesser extent (the same applies below).

[0025] When the drive mechanism 40 is operated while the door body 10 is closing the opening 110, the door body 10 and the lifting platform 20 synchronously move upward to an upper limit height along the lifting direction D1 from the floor 102 toward the ceiling 101. As a result, the door body 10 opens the opening 110.

[0026] The door body 10 is a flat plate having a rectangular shape in a plan view, and the upper end of the outer edge protrudes to form a step shape. A protruding lower surface 11 is provided on the lower surface of the protruding portion. Meanwhile, the opening 110 protrudes at the lower end of the outer edge to form a step shape corresponding to the upper end of the outer edge of the door body 10. A protruding upper surface 111 is provided on the upper surface of the protruding portion. When the protruding upper surface 111 and the protruding lower surface 11 abut against each other, the downward movement of the door body 10 is restricted at the lower limit position, and the opening 110 is closed by the door body 10. In order to improve the watertightness of the gap generated between the protruding lower surface 11 and the protruding upper surface 111, it is preferable to attach a packing or the like (not shown) as a sealing member to either the protruding lower surface 11 or the protruding upper surface 111.

[0027] The door body 10 and the ceiling 101 have approximately the same thickness, and when the opening 110 is closed by the door body 10, the upper surface of the ceiling 101 and the upper surface of the door body 10 are approximately flush with each other.

[0028] The door body 10 in this embodiment is made of reinforced concrete, but is not limited to this. It may be made of concrete, steel, or a structure consisting of concrete and steel plates. The thickness of the door body 10 is preferably 20 cm to 40 cm, and more preferably 30 cm to 40 cm. This allows the door body 10 to have a predetermined radiation shielding performance.

[0029] The lift platform 20 has a frame portion 21 and a lifting / lowering portion 23. The frame portion 21 is connected to the door body 10 via support pillars 12. The support pillars 12 are provided at the four corners of the frame portion 21, extend in the lifting / lowering direction D1, and are connected to the four corners of the door body 10. A wire mesh (not shown) for preventing the support pillars 12 from falling is stretched across the support pillars 12 along the sliding direction D2.

[0030] The lifting and moving portion 23 has a structure in which a moving platform 27 is lifted and lowered in a lifting direction D1 by operating a moving jack 26 supported by the frame portion 21. The frame portion 21 has a truss structure formed by frame members 22.

[0031] The movable platform 27 is a flat plate of a substantially rectangular shape in plan view, and one side end of the crossing plate 28 is rotatably connected to the outer edge of the movable platform 27 by a pivot (not shown). When the movable platform 27 rises together with the lift platform 20 and becomes substantially flush with the upper surface of the ceiling 101, that is, when the step between the movable platform 27 and the ceiling 101 is eliminated, the crossing plate 28 can be rotated toward the ceiling 101 to span between the lift platform 20 and the ceiling 101 (see the crossing plate 28 shown by the solid line and the dashed line in FIG. 2). This can close the gap between the lift platform 20 and the ceiling 101, allowing smooth movement from the ceiling 101 to the movable platform 27 or from the movable platform 27 to the ceiling 101. In addition, by independently lifting both the door body 10 and the movable platform 27 in the lift direction D1, the lift distance of the door body 10 itself can be reduced.

[0032] The guide rail 31 is supported by a floor 102 and fixed to a wall 103 via ties 32, with the upper end located near the opening 110. The guide rail 31 is provided with a groove 31a extending along the lifting direction D1. The groove 31a is defined by a first flange 36, a second flange 37, and a web 38. In this embodiment, an H-shaped steel is used for the guide rail 31, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a channel steel may be used.

[0033] A connection part 25 is fixed to the frame member 22 facing the guide rail 31. As shown in Figures 3(a) and (b), the connection part 25 is equipped with a roller 25a, a second roller 25b, and a third roller 25c that roll along a groove 31a provided in the guide rail 31. This allows the lift platform 20 to move up and down smoothly in the direction in which the guide rail 31 extends, i.e., along the lifting direction D1.

[0034] The first roller 25a rolls in contact with the first flange 36, and the second roller 25b rolls in contact with the second flange 37. Furthermore, the third roller 25c rolls in contact with the web 38. This allows the connection part 25 to smoothly move up and down along the guide rail 31 while supporting the lift platform 20 at one end. The first roller 25a and the second roller 25b used in this embodiment are cam followers, and the third roller 25c is a roller follower, but this is not limited to this.

[0035] As shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the drive mechanism 40 has a lifting jack 41, a movable pulley device 45, and a wire 40a. The lower end of the lifting jack 41 is connected to the floor 102, and a piston 41a provided at the upper end of the lifting jack 41 is connected to the movable pulley device 45. As shown in Fig. 5, the movable pulley device 45 has a sheave 46 for changing the direction of the wire 40a, a guide roller 47, and a lifting roller 48. One end of the wire 40a is connected to a predetermined position of the shelter 100, and the other end is connected to the lifting platform 20 via the sheave 46. The movable pulley device 45 is located above the connection part 25 (in the direction from the floor 102 to the ceiling 101). When the door body 10 closes the opening 110, the separation distance between the movable pulley device 45 and the connection part 25 is maximized, and the distance is secured to be at least twice the lifting distance. The connection position of the other end of wire 40a is set at the same height as the upper end of connection part 25 or below connection part 25 (in the direction from ceiling 101 to floor 102).

[0036] The guide roller 47 contacts the first flange 36 and the second flange 37, and the lift roller 48 contacts the web 38. In this embodiment, a cam follower is used for the guide roller 47, and a roller follower is used for the lift roller 48, but this is not limited to this.

[0037] A pair of restraining devices 60, 60 are provided in the housing 80 in a state where they are connected to the lifting platform 20 and face each other (see FIG. 4). FIG. 6 shows a state where the moving platform 27 is located at the upper limit position, and FIG. 7 shows a state where the moving platform 27 is located at the lower limit position. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the restraining device 60 has a link mechanism 50 and a friction material 57. The link mechanism 50 is a mechanism that converts the movement of the lifting platform 20 in the lifting direction D1 into a movement in a sliding direction D2 perpendicular to the lifting direction D1. Specifically, the link mechanism 50 has a link 51, an orthogonal link 52, a link 53, a first sliding joint 54, a second sliding joint 55, and the like. In this embodiment, the sliding direction D2 is a direction perpendicular to the lifting direction D1, but is not limited to this. It is sufficient that the friction material 57 described later can contact (abut) against the friction plate 61 in a compressed state. It is preferable that the friction material 57 and the friction plate 61 are those that can obtain a large frictional force when they contact each other in a compressed state.

[0038] The orthogonal link 52 is fixed to the frame portion 21 via the housing 80. One end of the link 51 is connected to the movable base 27, and the other end is rotatably connected to the first slide joint 54. One end of the link 53 is rotatably connected to the first slide joint 54, and the other end is rotatably connected to the second slide joint 55.

[0039] The first slide joint 54 is movable in a lifting and lowering direction D1 along the orthogonal link 52. The second slide joint 55 is movable in a sliding direction D2 along the orthogonal link 52. The first slide joint 54 and the second slide joint 55 are connected via the link 53, so that the movement of the first slide joint 54 in the lifting and lowering direction D1 is converted into the movement of the second slide joint 55 in the sliding direction D2.

[0040] The second slide joint 55 has an extension 56 extending toward the wall 103, and a friction material 57 is attached to the tip of the extension 56. The friction material 57 is provided facing a friction plate 61 fixed to the wall 103. The friction plate 61 has a rectangular plate-like structure, and two friction plates 61 are fixed to the wall 103 with the movable jack 26 between them (the front and back directions of the paper in Figs. 1 and 2). The attachment position of the friction plate 61 is at a height facing the friction material 57 when the movable platform 27 is at the lowest position with the door body 10 closing the opening 110.

[0041] The evacuation procedure to the shelter 100 and the escape procedure will be explained.

[0042] When the lifting jack 41 is operated to lift the piston 41a from a state in which the door body 10 closes the opening 110, the guide roller 47 rolls on the first flange 36 and the second flange 37, and the lifting roller 48 rolls on the web 38. This causes the movable pulley device 45 to rise in the lifting direction D1. When the door body 10 rises, the movable platform 27 is kept in the upper limit position.

[0043] As the movable pulley device 45 rises, the other end of the wire 40a rises in the lifting direction D1 by a distance twice that of the movable pulley device 45. As the other end of the wire 40a moves, the door body 10 rises in the lifting direction D1. As a result, the door body 10 opens the opening 110.

[0044] When the door body 10 reaches the upper limit position, the lifting of the door body 10 stops. At this time, the top surfaces of the movable platform 27 and the ceiling 101 are almost flush with each other. As shown by the dashed line in Fig. 2, the bridge plate 28 is rotated outward to span between the movable platform 27 and the ceiling 101. The evacuees use the bridge plate 28 thus spanned to move from the ceiling 101 onto the movable platform 27. After confirming that the evacuees have completed their movement to the movable platform 27, the lifting jack 41 is operated to lower the piston 41a in the lifting direction D1.

[0045] When the lifting jack 41 is operated to lower the piston 41a, the guide roller 47 rolls on the first flange 36 and the second flange 37, and the lifting roller 48 rolls on the web 38. As a result, the movable pulley device 45 descends along the lifting direction D1.

[0046] When the door body 10 closes the opening 110, the limiter switch operates to stop the operation of the lifting jack 41, and the descent of the door body 10 and the moving platform 27 is stopped.

[0047] The movable jack 26 is operated to lower the movable table 27. As the movable table 27 descends, the first slide joint 54 rotatably connected to the link 51 descends in the lifting direction D1. As the first slide joint 54 descends, the second slide joint 55 rotatably connected to the link 53 moves in the sliding direction D2 toward the wall 103. At the same time, the friction material 57 attached to the tip of the extension part 56 moves toward the friction plate 61 and comes into contact with the friction plate 61 in a compressed state.

[0048] The movable platform 27 can be lowered toward the floor 102 to reduce the step between the movable platform 27 and the floor 102. Furthermore, the friction material 57 and the friction plate 61 come into contact in a compressed state to restrain the movement of the door body 10. In other words, by lowering the movable jack 26, the door body 10 can be brought into a state equivalent to a locked state. By following the above-mentioned procedure, evacuees can easily evacuate to the shelter 100.

[0049] Evacuees can easily escape from the shelter 100 by following the steps described above in reverse.

[0050] The present embodiment is merely an example, and it is needless to say that it can be modified without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention. [Industrial Applicability]

[0051] By using the shelter door according to the present invention, it is possible to make the shape of the underground shelter compact. This allows the underground shelter to be constructed even in a narrow space of land, so the industrial applicability is high. [Explanation of symbols]

[0052] 1: Shelter door 10: Door body 12: Strut 20: Lift platform 21: Lifting and moving part 31: Guide rail 40: Driving mechanism 50: Link mechanism 57:Friction material 60: Restraint device 61:Friction plate 100: Shelter 101: Ceiling 102:Floor 110: Opening D1: Lifting direction

Claims

1. A door body that opens and closes an opening in the ceiling of the shelter by ascending and descending in a vertical direction; A lifting platform connected to the door body via a support pillar; A pair of guide rails extending along the lifting direction; A drive mechanism for raising and lowering the lift platform in a lift direction, The guide rail is fixed to the wall of the shelter, The lift platform is cantilever-supported on the guide rail via a connection portion, A shelter door characterized in that the door body rises and falls in a lifting direction in synchronization with the lifting platform.

2. The shelter door according to claim 1, characterized in that the lift platform has a lift movement part that moves up and down in the lift direction independently of the door body without being synchronized with the door body.

3. The shelter door according to claim 2, characterized in that when the door body reaches its upper limit height and the lifting and moving part is located at its upper limit position, the lifting and moving part is approximately flush with the ceiling.

4. The shelter door according to claim 3, further comprising a restraining device that operates in conjunction with the descent of the lifting and lowering movement part to restrain the movement of the door body in the lifting and lowering direction.

5. The restraint device includes a link mechanism fixed to the platform and a friction material provided at a tip end of the link mechanism, The shelter door described in claim 4, characterized in that the friction material moves toward the wall via the link mechanism that operates in conjunction with the descent of the lifting and lowering part, and connects to the wall in a compressed state.

6. The shelter door according to claim 5, characterized in that when the door body closes the opening, the friction material is connected to the wall in a compressed state via a friction plate attached to the wall.

Images