Mat foundation, and construction method of mat foundation

Abstract

To provide a mat foundation, and a construction method of the mat foundation allowing construction to be easily performed at a construction site of a building.SOLUTION: A mat foundation 10 of the present invention comprises a footing part 12 and a rising part 14 and configured by assembling a plurality of fragment pieces 20. The fragment pieces 20 include: a rising part 14; a first fragment piece 22 forming an adjacent part 16 adjacent to the rising part, of the footing part 12; and a plurality of second fragment pieces 24 forming an outside part 18 positioned outside of the adjacent part, of the footing part 12. The first fragment piece 22 and one or more second fragment pieces 24 are formed by precast concrete.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a slab footing and a method for constructing the slab footing, and more particularly to an easy-to-construct slab footing and a method for constructing the same. [Background technology]

[0002] A continuous foundation having a footing and a rising part is widely used as a foundation for a building. A continuous foundation is usually constructed at a construction site of a building, specifically, by assembling a formwork, placing reinforcing bars in the formwork, and then pouring (casting) ready-mixed concrete (for example, see Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] JP 2016-056510 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] On the other hand, when constructing a slab using the above-mentioned procedure, the amount of work (construction load) on site increases and the construction period is relatively long. In addition, the above-mentioned construction procedure requires a large amount of ready-mix concrete, which increases the construction cost. Furthermore, the concrete after pouring needs to be cured and the curing needs to be maintained for a certain period of time. As a countermeasure to such problems, it is possible to manufacture the slab in advance using precast concrete or the like in a factory, transport it to the construction site, and install it in a predetermined position. However, in this case, although the construction load on site can be reduced, it is difficult to transport the slab, and the larger the size and weight of the slab, the more difficult the transportation work becomes.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention has been made in consideration of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a slab footing that can be more easily constructed at a building construction site. Another object of the present invention is to provide a construction method (specifically, a construction method for a continuous footing) for more easily constructing a continuous footing at a building construction site. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The above-mentioned problems are solved by the slab foundation of the present invention, which has a footing portion and a rising portion and is constructed by combining a plurality of pieces, the plurality of pieces including the rising portion, a first piece forming an adjacent portion of the footing portion adjacent to the rising portion, and a plurality of second pieces forming outer portions of the footing portion located outside the adjacent portions, the first piece and one or more of the second pieces being constructed from precast concrete. As described above, the slab foundation of the present invention is composed of multiple pieces, and the first piece and one or more second pieces are composed of precast concrete. This makes it easier to build the slab foundation at a building construction site by combining the multiple pieces. In addition, since the slab foundation can be transported in multiple pieces, transportation can be performed more easily than when the entire slab foundation is transported.

[0007] In addition, in the above-mentioned slab foundation, each of the multiple second pieces may be constituted by a wall body, and the multiple second pieces may be arranged in a continuous line along the width direction of the footing portion to form an outer portion. According to the above configuration, the outer portion of the footing portion is constructed by arranging a plurality of second pieces along the width direction of the footing portion, so that the continuous footing including the footing portion can be constructed more easily.

[0008] In the above-mentioned slab footing, a second fragment adjacent to the first fragment in the width direction may have a first engaging portion, and may be joined to the first fragment by engaging the first engaging portion with a first engaged portion provided on the first fragment. In addition, one of two second fragments adjacent to each other in the width direction may have a second engaging portion, and may be joined to the other second fragment by engaging the second engaging portion with a second engaged portion provided on the other second fragment. According to the above configuration, the pieces that make up the slab footing can be joined together using a simpler mechanism, making it even easier to construct the slab footing.

[0009] In addition, in the above-mentioned slab foundation, each of the multiple second fragments may be constituted by a dish-shaped body with an open upper end, and the lower end of the first fragment may fit inside the second fragment closest to the first fragment, and of two adjacent second fragments, one second fragment may fit inside the other second fragment, thereby forming an outer portion. According to the above configuration, the outer portion of the footing portion is constructed by stacking multiple second pieces so that one second piece fits inside the other second pieces, making it easier to construct a slab foundation including the footing portion.

[0010] In the above-mentioned slab foundation, it is preferable that the first piece and all of the plurality of second pieces are made of precast concrete. According to the above configuration, the slab foundation can be constructed even more easily.

[0011] Furthermore, the above-mentioned problems are solved by the method for constructing a slab footing of the present invention, which is a method for constructing a slab footing having a footing portion and a rising portion, by combining a plurality of fragments including the rising portion, a first fragment forming an adjacent portion of the footing portion adjacent to the rising portion, and a plurality of second fragments forming outer portions of the footing portion located outside the adjacent portions. According to the above method, it becomes possible to more easily construct a slab foundation at a building construction site. Effect of the Invention

[0012] According to the present invention, it becomes possible to more easily construct a continuous foundation at a building construction site. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0013] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a slab footing of the present invention. [Diagram 2] 1 is a cross-sectional view showing multiple pieces constituting a strip foundation according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. [Diagram 3] 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a plurality of pieces constituting a strip foundation according to a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0014] <<About the strip foundation and the method for constructing the strip foundation of the present invention>> The slab foundation and the method for constructing the slab foundation of the present invention will be described below with reference to several specific embodiments. In the following description, the drawings will be referred to as appropriate, but in the drawings, each component is illustrated somewhat simplified and schematic to make the description easier to understand, and for example, the internal structure of the slab, specifically the rebars embedded in the first and second pieces, etc., are omitted. Also, the size of each component and the spacing between components shown in the drawings differ from the actual ones. In the following description, when describing the position and posture of each part of the slab, the position and posture will be described as they are when the slab is used in a specified position, unless otherwise specified. For example, the rising part 14, which will be described later, is located directly above the footing part 12 and stands upright along the vertical direction (see Figure 1).

[0015] The slab foundation of the present invention is used as a foundation for a building and is constructed at a building construction site (i.e., a building construction site) during the construction of the building. Here, the buildings may include houses such as detached houses and apartment buildings, as well as buildings other than houses, specifically, offices, stores, buildings, warehouses, office buildings, commercial facilities, and public facilities.

[0016] A commonly used slab foundation has an inverted T-shaped cross section as shown in Fig. 1 (hereinafter, slab foundation 10), and slab foundation 10 has a footing portion 12 and a rising portion 14 that rises vertically from the upper surface of footing portion 12. Footing portion 12 is buried underground and extends horizontally, and as shown in Fig. 1, its cross section, normal to the extension direction, is substantially rectangular. Footing portion 12 bears the ground pressure of the building by coming into contact with the ground (more specifically, crushed stone) at its underside.

[0017] In Fig. 1, the direction penetrating the paper corresponds to the extension direction of the footing portion 12. The direction perpendicular to both the extension direction and the vertical direction of the footing portion 12, i.e., the left-right direction in Fig. 1, corresponds to the width direction of the footing portion 12 (hereinafter simply referred to as the width direction). In the following description, the center side of the footing portion 12 in the width direction, more specifically the side where the rising portion 14 is located, is referred to as the "inner side in the width direction," and the opposite side is referred to as the "outer side in the width direction."

[0018] The rising portion 14 protrudes upward from the center of the footing portion 12 in the width direction, and its upper end is above ground. The rising portion 14 has a width (length in the width direction), and its cross section, normal to the extension direction of the footing portion 12, is substantially rectangular. In the following, the width of the rising portion 14 will be referred to as width d1, and the width of the footing portion 12 will be referred to as width d2.

[0019] In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, the portion of the footing portion 12 adjacent to the base end (lower end) of the rising portion 14 is distinguished as an adjacent portion 16, and the portion located outside the adjacent portion 16 is distinguished as an outer portion 18. The adjacent portion 16 is a portion of the footing portion 12 located directly below the rising portion 14, and has a cross section with the extension direction of the footing portion 12 as the normal direction, which is a substantially rectangular shape. The width (length in the width direction) of the adjacent portion 16 is wider than the width d1 and narrower than the width d2, for example, half or less of the width d2. The height (length in the vertical direction) of the adjacent portion 16 may be the same as the height of the footing portion 12, or may be lower than the height of the footing portion 12 (for example, about 1 / 2 to 1 / 3 of the height of the footing portion 12). The outer portion 18 is a portion of the footing portion 12 other than the adjacent portion 16, and is located outside the adjacent portion 16 in the width direction.

[0020] In the present invention, the slab foundation 10 is divided into a plurality of pieces, in other words, the slab foundation 10 is constructed by combining the plurality of pieces. The configuration of the slab foundation 10 will be specifically described below with reference to two embodiments.

[0021] <<Configuration of the strip footing according to the first embodiment of the present invention>> A configuration example of a line foundation 10 according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 2. The line foundation 10 according to the first embodiment is configured by combining a plurality of pieces 20, more specifically, a first piece 22 and a plurality of second pieces 24.

[0022] The first piece 22 is the piece 20 that constitutes the widthwise center of the slab 10, i.e., in the completed slab 10, it constitutes the rising portion 14 and the adjacent portion 16 of the footing portion 12. As shown in FIG. 2, the first piece 22 has an inverted T-shaped cross section, and has a protruding portion 22a that constitutes the rising portion 14 and a base portion 22b that constitutes the adjacent portion 16. In the first embodiment, the height (height in the vertical direction) of the base portion 22b is equal to the height of the footing portion 12 of the completed slab 10.

[0023] The second pieces 24 are pieces 20 that form both ends of the slab 10 in the width direction, i.e., they form the outer portions 18 of the footing portion 12 in the completed slab 10. As shown in FIG. 2, each of the second pieces 24 is formed of a wall having a rectangular cross-sectional shape. Although the orientation of each of the second pieces 24 differs when they are arranged, the second pieces 24 are basically the same in shape and size. In the first embodiment, the height (vertical height) of each of the second pieces 24 is equal to the height of the footing portion 12 of the completed slab 10. The number of second pieces 24 used is not particularly limited, but is preferably set to the number required for the footing portion 12 to have a sufficient width in accordance with the size of the construction site (plot) of the building and the specifications of the building in the completed slab footing 10. In addition, in constructing a slab footing 10 having a symmetrical structure in the width direction, it is preferable that the number of second pieces 24 is an even number.

[0024] In the first embodiment, the first piece 22 and the second pieces 24 are all made of precast concrete. That is, each piece 20 is manufactured in a manufacturing plant (not shown) using a known manufacturing method with precast concrete as the material.

[0025] In the first embodiment, the multiple pieces 20 described above are procured, for example, from a manufacturing factory and transported to a construction site of a building. The multiple pieces 20 are then combined at the construction site to construct the slab footing 10. To explain in more detail, the multiple second pieces 24 are arranged symmetrically in the width direction with the first piece 22 in between. At this time, the multiple second pieces 24 are arranged in a continuous line along the width direction as shown in FIG. 2, to form the outer portion 18 of the footing portion 12.

[0026] According to the above procedure, in the first embodiment, the continuous footing 10 can be constructed more easily at the construction site of the building. That is, in order to construct the continuous footing at the construction site, it is not necessary to assemble the formwork, arrange the reinforcement, pour the ready-mixed concrete, and cure the concrete after pouring, and the construction load is reduced accordingly. In addition, since the cost according to the amount of ready-mixed concrete used can be reduced, the construction cost required for constructing the continuous footing can be reduced. This effect is more effectively exhibited as the proportion of the portion of the continuous footing 10 constructed from precast concrete (i.e., the portion manufactured in advance as pieces 20 in a factory, etc.) increases. The above proportion is preferably 90% or more by volume, and more preferably 95% or more.

[0027] Furthermore, in the first embodiment, the piece 20 (first piece 22) constituting the adjacent portion 16 of the rising portion 14 and the footing portion 12, and the piece 20 (second piece 24) constituting the outer portion 18 of the continuous footing 10 can be transported separately. This makes the transportation easier than transporting the continuous footing 10 made of precast concrete in which the footing portion 12 and the rising portion 14 are integrated to the building construction site.

[0028] In the first embodiment, the number of second pieces 24 arranged on one side of the first piece 22 in the width direction (left side in FIG. 2) is equal to the number of second pieces 24 arranged on the other side of the first piece 22 (right side in FIG. 2). This allows a symmetrical strip footing 10 to be constructed. Furthermore, the width of the footing portion 12 can be changed by adjusting the number of second pieces 24 used. In other words, by appropriately setting the number of second pieces 24 used according to the load applied to the strip footing 10 from the building, the ground pressure of the strip footing 10 can be adjusted to an appropriate value according to the load from the building.

[0029] In addition, at the stage when the slab foundation 10 is completed, the adjacent pieces 20 among the plurality of pieces 20 are joined to each other, and in the first embodiment, the pieces 20 are joined to each other by a fitting structure. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, a first engaged portion 26 consisting of a notched recess is provided at a corner portion of the lower end of the base portion 22b of the first piece 22. Correspondingly, among the plurality of second pieces 24, the second piece 24 adjacent to the first piece 22 in the width direction has a first engaging portion 28 consisting of a convex portion protruding from the surface facing the first piece 22, as shown in FIG. 2. The first engaged portion 26 and the first engaging portion 28 can be engaged with each other (more specifically, engaged), and the first engaging portion 28 is inserted into the first engaged portion 26 to engage with it (more specifically, engaged), so that the second piece 24 adjacent to the first piece 22 in the width direction is joined to the first piece 22.

[0030] The first engaged portion 26 and the first engaging portion 28 may have any structure as long as they can engage with each other (more specifically, fit together), and may have, for example, a tongue-and-groove structure. Note that in the configuration shown in Fig. 2, the first engaged portion 26 is a recess and the first engaging portion 28 is a protrusion, but this is not limiting, and the first engaged portion 26 may be a protrusion and the first engaging portion 28 may be a recess.

[0031] In the first embodiment, when the slab foundation 10 is completed, the second piece 24 located on the inner side of the two second pieces 24 adjacent to each other in the width direction has a second engaged portion 30 consisting of a recess formed by recessing a part of its outer surface. Correspondingly, the second piece 24 located on the outer side of the two second pieces 24 adjacent to each other in the width direction has a second engaging portion 32 consisting of a protrusion protruding from its inner surface. The second engaged portion 30 and the second engaging portion 32 can engage with each other (more specifically, engage with each other), and the two second pieces 24 adjacent to each other in the width direction are joined to each other by inserting the second engaged portion 30 into the second engaged portion 30 and engaging with each other (more specifically, engage with each other). Here, the second piece 24 located on the outer side of the two second pieces 24 adjacent to each other in the width direction corresponds to "one second piece", and the second piece 24 located on the inner side corresponds to "the other second piece".

[0032] The second engaged portion 30 and the second engaging portion 32 may have any structure as long as they can engage with each other (more specifically, fit together), and may have, for example, a tongue-and-groove structure. Note that in the configuration shown in Fig. 2, the second engaged portion 30 is a recess and the second engaging portion 32 is a protrusion, but this is not limited thereto, and the second engaged portion 30 may be a protrusion and the second engaging portion 32 may be a recess.

[0033] Due to the above configuration, in the first embodiment, when combining multiple pieces 20 to construct a slab foundation 10, it becomes easier to join adjacent pieces 20 together, making it even easier to construct the slab foundation 10.

[0034] <<Configuration of the strip footing according to the first embodiment of the present invention>> A configuration example of a continuous foundation 10 according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 3. In the following, the differences between the second embodiment and the first embodiment will be mainly described.

[0035] The slab 10 according to the second embodiment is constructed by combining a plurality of pieces 40, more specifically, a first piece 42 and a plurality of second pieces 44. In the completed slab 10, the first piece 42 forms the rising portion 14 and the adjacent portion 16 of the footing portion 12, and has an inverted T-shaped cross section as shown in FIG. 3, and has a protruding portion 42a forming the rising portion 14 and a base portion 42b forming the adjacent portion 16. The base portion 42b corresponds to the lower end portion of the first piece 42. In the second embodiment, the height of the base portion 42b (height in the vertical direction) is shorter than the height of the footing portion 12 of the completed slab 10, and is about 1 / 2 to 1 / 3 of the height of the footing portion 12.

[0036] The second pieces 44 form the outer portion 18 of the footing 12 in the completed slab footing 10, and each of the second pieces 44 is a dish-shaped body having a U-shaped cross section and an open upper end, as shown in Fig. 3. That is, each second piece 44 has a bottom wall and a side wall provided along the outer edge of the bottom wall, and a space (hereinafter, storage space 46) with an open upper end is provided inside the side wall. As shown in Fig. 3, other second pieces 44 can fit into the storage space 46, more specifically, second pieces 44 of a similar shape and one size smaller can fit into the storage space 46. The number of second pieces 44 used is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the number be set to the number required to ensure that the footing portion 12 in the completed slab foundation 10 has sufficient width depending on the size of the building construction site (lot) and the building specifications, etc.

[0037] In the second embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, the first piece 42 and the plurality of second pieces 44 are all made of precast concrete.

[0038] In the second embodiment, the plurality of pieces 40 described above are procured, for example, from a manufacturing factory, transported to a building construction site, and assembled at the construction site to construct the slab footing 10. When constructing the slab footing 10, the first piece 42 is placed in one second piece 44, and the plurality of second pieces 44 including the second piece 44 are stacked in a nested manner. To explain in more detail, the base portion 42b of the first piece 42 enters into the storage space 46 of the second piece 44 that is closest to the first piece 42 (in other words, the second piece 44 that is located most inward in the width direction) among the plurality of second pieces 44. In addition, among the two second pieces 44 adjacent to each other in the completed slab footing 10, the second piece 44 that is more inward enters into the storage space 46 of the second piece 44 that is more outward (corresponding to one of the second pieces). Then, the outer portion 18 of the footing portion 12 is formed by stacking the plurality of second pieces 44.

[0039] By the above procedure, the continuous footing 10 can be constructed more easily at the construction site of a building in the second embodiment as well. Moreover, transportation work can be performed more easily compared to the case where the continuous footing 10 made of precast concrete already equipped with the footing portion 12 and the rising portion 14 is transported to the construction site.

[0040] Furthermore, in the second embodiment, the width of the footing portion 12 can be changed by adjusting the number of second pieces 44 used, i.e., the number of second pieces 44 stacked in a nested manner. In other words, the ground pressure of the continuous footing 10 can be adjusted to an appropriate value by appropriately setting the number of second pieces 44 used in accordance with the load applied to the continuous footing 10 from the building.

[0041] In the second embodiment, similarly to the first embodiment, it is preferable to join adjacent pieces 40 together. The method for joining the pieces 40 together is not particularly limited, but for example, the pieces 40 may be joined together by applying the fitting structure of the first embodiment.

[0042] <<Other embodiments>> Although several embodiments of the slab foundation and the method for constructing the slab foundation of the present invention have been described above, the above-mentioned embodiments are merely examples for facilitating understanding of the present invention and do not limit the present invention. In other words, the present invention may be modified or improved without departing from the spirit of the present invention. In addition, the present invention naturally includes its equivalents.

[0043] In the above embodiment, a slab foundation having an inverted T-shaped cross-sectional shape has been described as an example, but this is not limited thereto, and the slab foundation of the present invention may be, for example, a slab foundation having an L-shaped cross-sectional shape.

[0044] In the above embodiment, all of the multiple pieces constituting the slab footing (in other words, the first piece and all of the multiple second pieces) are made of precast concrete. However, this is not limited to the above, and it is sufficient that at least the first piece and one or more second pieces are made of precast concrete. For example, among the multiple second pieces, the second piece that is positioned outermost in the width direction may be made of concrete other than precast concrete, and specifically, may be made by pouring ready mixed concrete at the building construction site.

[0045] In the above embodiment, when combining a plurality of pieces to form the slab foundation 10, adjacent pieces are joined together. Also, in the above embodiment, adjacent pieces are joined together using an interlocking structure. However, there are other possible methods for joining pieces together, and for example, magnets may be embedded in the pieces and the magnetic force of the magnets may be used to join the pieces together. [Explanation of symbols]

[0046] 10. Strip foundation 12 Footing 14 Rising section 16 Adjacent Parts 18 Outer part 20 Fragments 22 Fragment 1 22a Projecting part 22b Base part 24 Second Fragment 26 First engaged part 28 First engagement part 30 Second engaged part 32 Second engagement portion 40 Fragments 42 Fragment 1 42a Projecting part 42b Base part 44 Second Fragment 46 Containment Space

Claims

1. A slab foundation having a footing portion and a rising portion, It is composed of multiple fragments, The plurality of fragments are a first piece forming the rising portion and an adjacent portion of the footing portion adjacent to the rising portion; a plurality of second pieces constituting an outer portion of the footing portion located outside the adjacent portion; A slab foundation, wherein the first section and one or more of the second sections are constructed of precast concrete.

2. Each of the second pieces is formed by a wall, The strip foundation according to claim 1 , wherein the second pieces are arranged in a continuous line along the width direction of the footing portion to form the outer portion.

3. The second piece adjacent to the first piece in the width direction has a first engaging portion, and is joined to the first piece by engaging the first engaging portion with a first engaged portion provided on the first piece, The slab foundation described in claim 2, wherein one of the two second fragments adjacent to each other in the width direction has a second engaging portion, and is joined to the other second fragment by engaging the second engaging portion with a second engaged portion provided on the other of the two second fragments.

4. Each of the second pieces is formed of a dish-shaped body having an open upper end, The slab foundation of claim 1, wherein the lower end of the first fragment fits inside the second fragment closest to the first fragment, and between two adjacent second fragments, one of the second fragments fits inside the other, thereby forming the outer portion.

5. The slab foundation according to claim 1 , wherein the first section and the plurality of second sections are all made of precast concrete.

6. A method for constructing a strip foundation having a footing portion and a rising portion, comprising the steps of: a first piece forming the rising portion and an adjacent portion of the footing portion adjacent to the rising portion; A method for constructing a slab foundation by combining a plurality of pieces including a plurality of second pieces that form an outer portion of the footing portion that is located outside the adjacent portion.

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