Support leg of wall surface panel, and installation method of wall surface panel

Abstract

To provide a support leg of a wall surface panel suitable for installing a wall surface panel.SOLUTION: A support leg 30 comprises: a support plate 32 supporting a lower end of one of two neighboring wall surface panels 1 and a lower end of the other at their neighboring portions; protrusions 34, 36 provided on the support plate 32 and restraining the two wall surface panels 1 at a specified angle in a planar direction at their neighboring portions; and an adjuster portion 50 adjusting a height of the support plate 32. An installation method of the wall surface panels 1 includes: placing two wall surface panels 1 in a neighboring manner and supporting the lower end of one of two wall surface panels 1 and the lower end of the other at the neighboring portions with a support plate 32; and restraining the two wall surface panels 1 at the neighboring portions at a predetermined angle in the planar direction with the protrusions 34, 36.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to support legs for supporting wall panels and a method for installing wall panels. [Background technology]

[0002] 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a technique for fixing a board material to the side surface of a pillar is known, for example, as described in Patent Document 1.

[0003] In the technology described in Patent Document 1, runner materials (inserted materials) that are U-shaped in cross section are fixed to the floor and ceiling surfaces respectively so that their openings face each other in the vertical direction, a base material is inserted and fixed between the pair of runner materials, and then a board material is fixed on top of the base material. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2003-64804 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] Incidentally, for example, a wall panel made of a board with a heat insulating material attached to the back side can be used instead of the board material described in Patent Document 1. This wall panel has great strength as a single board material, and furthermore, since the heat insulating material acts as a packing material to effectively prevent displacement, construction can be performed without the need for a base material, which leads to shortening of the process.

[0006] However, since the floor surface is not flat but slightly wavy (uneven), if the wall panels were installed directly on the floor, there was a possibility that the wall panels would be at an angle, making installation difficult.

[0007] Therefore, the present invention has been made with a focus on the unresolved problems inherent in such conventional technology, and aims to provide a wall panel support leg and a wall panel installation method that are suitable for installing wall panels. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] [Invention 1] In order to achieve the above object, the support leg of the wall panel of Invention 1 comprises a support plate that supports the lower ends of one and the other of two wall panels that are installed side by side and adjacent to each other in the face direction at their adjacent portions, a restraining means provided on the support plate that restrains the two wall panels at a predetermined angle in the face direction at their adjacent portions, and an adjustment means that adjusts the height of the support plate.

[0009] [Invention 2] Furthermore, the support leg of the wall panel of Invention 2 is the support leg of the wall panel of Invention 1, in which the support plate has a connecting member attached or capable of being attached to another connectable body that supports one of the two wall panels.

[0010] [Invention 3] Furthermore, the support leg of the wall panel of Invention 3 is the support leg of the wall panel of Invention 2, wherein the restraining means is a locking portion that locks the surface of the wall panel, and the support plate has the connecting member attached or attachable to a position on the support surface that is separated from the locking portion by a length equivalent to the thickness of the grounding portion of the wall panel.

[0011] [Invention 4] On the other hand, in order to achieve the above object, the method of installing a wall panel of Invention 4 is a method of setting a wall panel using a support leg described in any one of Inventions 1 to 3, in which two wall panels are arranged side by side in the surface direction, one lower end and the other lower end of the two wall panels are supported by the support plate at the adjacent portion, and the two wall panels are restrained at a predetermined angle in the surface direction at the adjacent portion by the restraining means. Effect of the Invention

[0012] As explained above, according to the support legs of the wall panel of the first invention, the height of the support plate can be adjusted by the adjustment means according to the unevenness of the floor, so that the wall panel is unlikely to become tilted even if the floor is uneven, and the wall panel can be easily installed. In addition, the lower ends of one and the other of two adjacent wall panels are supported at the adjacent parts, and the two wall panels are restrained at a predetermined angle in the surface direction at the adjacent parts, so that the positioning of the wall panels is easy.

[0013] Furthermore, according to the supporting legs of the wall panel of Invention 2, the supporting legs are less likely to shift when connected to other connected objects by the connecting members, so that the wall panel can be installed stably.

[0014] Furthermore, according to the support legs of the wall panel of Invention 3, the wall panel can be installed between the locking portion and the connecting member on the support surface of the support plate, making it easy to position the wall panel.

[0015] On the other hand, according to the wall panel installation method of Invention 4, the wall panel can be easily positioned. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0016] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the wall panel 1. [Diagram 2] FIG. [Diagram 3] FIG. [Figure 4] 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the wall panel 1 supported by the support legs 30 as viewed from the left in FIG. 2. FIG. [Diagram 5] 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a method for installing the wall panel 1. FIG. [Figure 6] 1 is a cross-sectional view of the position where the wall panel 1 touches the support leg 30. FIG. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a method for installing the wall panel 1. [Figure 8] 1 is a perspective view of the position where the wall panel 1 touches the support leg 30. FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0017] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. First, the configuration of this embodiment will be described.

[0018] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a wall panel 1. FIG. As shown in Fig. 1, the wall panels 1 (1A to 1D) are building materials that cover the four side surfaces 101 (see Figs. 5 and 6) of a rectangular pillar 100, and are plate-like two-layered members. The wall panel 1 is composed of a thin board material 10, a layered cushion board 20 fixed to the back surface 11, which is the pillar side surface of the board material 10, and two bolts 60. The front wall panel 1A and the rear wall panel 1C, the left wall panel 1B and the right wall panel 1D have the same structure.

[0019] The cushion board 20 is a thin plate-like member having cushioning properties. The cushion board 20 is fixed to the back surface 11 of the board material 10 by adhesive or the like.

[0020] Next, the configuration of the support leg 30 will be described. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the support leg 30. As shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a left side view of the support leg 30. FIG.

[0021] FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the wall panel 1 supported by the support legs 30 as viewed from the left in FIG.

[0022] As shown in Figs. 2 to 4, the support legs 30 (30A to 30D) support the lower ends of the wall panels 1 installed on the four side surfaces 101 of the pillar 100. The support leg 30 (30A) is configured to include a support plate 32 that supports one lower end and the other lower end of two adjacent wall panels 1 at their adjacent portions, and an adjuster portion 50 that adjusts the height of the support plate 32.

[0023] The support plate 32 is in the form of a rectangular plate, with the left rear corner and the right front corner being beveled. A protrusion 34 that rises vertically from the right end is formed on the support plate 32. The protrusion 34 restrains the wall panel 1 installed on the side surface 101 (front surface) of the pillar 100 from moving to the right.

[0024] A protrusion 36 is formed on the support plate 32, rising vertically from the front end. The protrusion 36 prevents the wall panel 1 installed on the side surface 101 (right surface) of the pillar 100 from moving forward. In other words, the protrusions 34, 36 prevent two adjacent wall panels 1 from moving forward at a predetermined angle (90° in the example of Figs. 5 and 6) in the plane direction at their adjoining portions.

[0025] A bolt hole 38a is formed on the rear end side of the support plate 32. A bolt hole 38b is formed on one end of a plate-shaped link 42. One end of the link 42 is connected to the support plate 32 by inserting a bolt 38c through the bolt holes 38a and 38b and screwing it into a nut 38d. The right end of the link 42 is attached to a position separated from the protrusion 34 by a length (e.g., 30 mm) equivalent to the thickness of the board material 10. The other end of the link 42 is connected to the support plate 32 of the support leg 30 (30D) installed at the right rear corner of the pillar 100. Specifically, it is connected to the front end side of the support plate 32 of the support leg 30D.

[0026] A bolt hole 40a is formed on the left end side of the support plate 32. A bolt hole 40b is formed on the tip of a plate-shaped link 44. One end of the link 44 is connected to the support plate 32 by inserting a bolt 40c through the bolt holes 40a and 40b and screwing it into a nut 40d. The front end of the link 44 is attached to a position separated from the protrusion 36 by a length (e.g., 30 mm) equivalent to the thickness of the board material 10. The other end of the link 44 is connected to the support plate 32 of the support leg 30 (30B) installed at the left front corner of the column 100. Specifically, it is connected to the right end side of the support plate 32 of the support leg 30B. The links 42 and 44 are excellent in that they serve as a guide for placing the wall panel 1 on the support leg 30 (FIG. 4) and that the support legs 30 are fixed and integrated with each other.

[0027] The adjuster portion 50 is composed of a plate-shaped base plate 52, a screw portion 54 (shaft portion) provided on the upper surface of the base plate 52, and a cylindrical screw receiving portion 56 provided on the lower surface of the support plate 32.

[0028] The threaded portion 54 rises vertically from the upper surface of the base plate 52, and a thread groove is formed on the outer circumferential surface. In contrast, a threaded hole 58 is formed vertically upward from the lower surface in the lower part of the screw receiving portion 56, and a thread groove is formed on the inner circumferential surface of the threaded hole 58 that screws into the threaded portion 54. The height of the support plate 32 is adjusted by screwing the threaded portion 54 into the threaded hole 58 and adjusting the screwing length.

[0029] Next, a method for installing the wall panel 1 will be described. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a method for installing the wall panel 1.

[0030] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the position where the wall panel 1 touches the support leg 30. As shown in FIG. FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a method for installing the wall panel 1. As shown in FIG.

[0031] The wall panel 1 is installed by surrounding a pillar 100 with four wall panels 1A to 1D and connecting adjacent wall panels 1A to 1D as shown in Figures 5 to 7. However, the shape of the pillar 100 and the number of wall panels 1 are not limited to this.

[0032] First, support legs 30A to 30D are installed at each corner of pillar 100, and the heights of support plates 32 of support legs 30A to 30D are adjusted to the same horizontal plane using adjuster unit 50 in accordance with unevenness of the floor. Then, support legs 30A and 30B are connected with link 44, support legs 30B and 30C with link 42, support legs 30C and 30D with link 44, and support legs 30D and 30A with link 42. Once again, it is checked whether the heights of support plates 32 of support legs 30A to 30D are on the same horizontal plane.

[0033] Next, the first wall panel 1A is fixed to the side surface 101 (front surface) of the pillar 100. Specifically, in a state where the cushion board 20 is arranged on the pillar 100 side, the posture of the board material 10 is maintained along the vertical direction using a plumb bob, a laser, or the like, and the cushion board 20 is fixed (temporarily fixed) to the side surface 101 of the pillar 100 using a double-sided tape adhesive or the like.

[0034] In this case, when the side surface 101 of the column 100 is uneven (uneven), the cushion board 20 is deformed in response to the unevenness. Here, the unevenness of the side surface 101 is formed, for example, by welded parts (weld marks) when multiple column base materials are connected by welding or the like in the vertical direction. In addition, the unevenness of the side surface 101 is formed by steps of connecting fittings (connecting plates) that connect the side surfaces of multiple column base materials.

[0035] In this way, the cushion board 20 deforms in response to the unevenness of the side surface 101, so that the board material 10 can be positioned in the vertical direction without being affected by the unevenness.

[0036] The lower right end of the board material 10 of the wall panel 1A is supported by the support leg 30A, and the lower left end of the board material 10 is supported by the support leg 30B. The two bolts 60, 60 are rotated to adjust the length of protrusion from the upper surface 14, and each head 61 is brought into contact with the ceiling surface of the installation location. As a result, the wall panel 1A (board material 10) is supported by the support surface (upper surface) of the support plate 32 and also abuts against the ceiling surface, making it difficult for the wall panel 1A to shift.

[0037] Next, the side edge of the second wall panel 1B (board material 10) is brought into contact with the side edge of the first wall panel 1A (board material 10), and while aligning the cushion board 20 by deforming it in accordance with the unevenness of the side surface 101, the wall panel 1B is fixed to the wall panel 1A with the screw 81 (connecting part), reinforcing and connecting the wall panels 1A and 1B. Note that instead of the screw 81, for example, a nail, a tenon, etc. may be used for fixing.

[0038] Here, since the wall panel 1A has already been positioned in the vertical direction, the wall panel 1B can be positioned in the vertical direction by abutting and aligning the wall panel 1B with the wall panel 1A. In other words, for the second wall panel 1B, positioning work using a plumb bob or laser is not required. In addition, since the two wall panels 1B are not fixed (temporarily fixed) to the side surface 101 of the pillar 100 with double-sided tape or the like, construction time is shortened.

[0039] The front lower end of the board material 10 of the wall panel 1B is supported by the support leg 30B, and the rear lower end of the board material 10 is supported by the support leg 30C. The two bolts 60, 60 are rotated to adjust the length of protrusion from the upper surface 14, and each head 61 is brought into contact with the ceiling surface of the installation location. As a result, the wall panel 1B (board material 10) is supported by the support surface of the support plate 32 and also abuts against the ceiling surface, making it difficult for the wall panel 1B to shift.

[0040] Next, the third wall panel 1C is connected to the second wall panel 1B in the same manner. Then, the lower left end of the board material 10 of the wall panel 1C is supported by the support leg 30C, and the lower right end of the board material 10 is supported by the support leg 30D. In addition, the two bolts 60, 60 are rotated to adjust the protruding length from the upper surface 14, and each head 61 is abutted against the ceiling surface of the installation location. As a result, the wall panel 1C (board material 10) is supported by the support surface of the support plate 32 and also abuts against the ceiling surface, making it difficult for the wall panel 1C to shift.

[0041] Next, the fourth wall panel 1D is connected to the first wall panel 1A and the third wall panel 1C in the same manner. Then, the rear lower end of the board material 10 of the wall panel 1D is supported by the support leg 30D, and the front lower end of the board material 10 is supported by the support leg 30A. In addition, the two bolts 60, 60 are rotated to adjust the protruding length from the upper surface 14, and each head 61 is abutted against the ceiling surface of the installation location. As a result, the wall panel 1D (board material 10) is supported by the support surface of the support plate 32 and also abuts against the ceiling surface, making it difficult for the wall panel 1D to shift.

[0042] As a result, the four wall panels 1A-1D surround the pillar 100 and adjacent wall panels 1A-1D are connected with screws 81, making it difficult for the four wall panels 1A-1D to shift vertically downward from the pillar 100. In other words, the four cushion boards 20 arranged on the inner side of the four wall panels 1A-1D are all deformed in accordance with the unevenness of each side surface 101, making it difficult for the four wall panels 1A-1D to shift vertically downward from the pillar 100.

[0043] According to the installation method of this embodiment, the conventional base material runner material is not required, and the vertical positioning of only the first wall panel 1A is performed using a plumb bob, laser, etc., so that the work of fixing the wall panel 1 is omitted and construction time can be shortened.

[0044] Next, the effects of this embodiment will be described. In this embodiment, the support leg 30 includes a support plate 32 that supports one lower end and the other lower end of two adjacent wall panels 1 at their adjacent portions, protrusions 34, 36 that are provided on the support plate 32 and that restrain the two wall panels 1 at a predetermined angle in the planar direction at their adjacent portions, and an adjuster portion 50 that adjusts the height of the support plate 32.

[0045] As a result, the height of the support plate 32 can be adjusted by the adjuster portion 50 to match the unevenness of the floor, so that even if the floor is uneven, the wall panel 1 is less likely to become tilted, making it easier to install the wall panel 1. Also, since the lower ends of one and the other of two adjacent wall panels 1 are supported at the adjoining parts and the two wall panels are restrained at a specified angle in the surface direction at the adjoining parts, it becomes easier to align the wall panel 1.

[0046] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the support plate 32 is provided with links 42, 44 for connecting to the other support leg 30 that supports one of the two wall panels 1.

[0047] As a result, by connecting the support legs 30 to the other support legs 30 via the links 42, 44, the support legs 30 are less likely to shift, so that the wall panel 1 can be installed stably.

[0048] Furthermore, in this embodiment, links 42, 44 are attached to the support plate 32 at positions spaced apart from the protrusions 34, 36 by a length equivalent to the thickness of the board material 10.

[0049] This allows the wall panel 1 to be installed between the protrusions 34, 36 and the links 42, 44 on the support surface of the support plate 32, making it easy to position the wall panel 1.

[0050] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the method of installing the wall panel 1 involves placing two wall panels 1 adjacent to each other and supporting the lower ends of one and the other of the two wall panels 1 with a support plate 32 at the adjacent portions, and restraining the two wall panels 1 at a predetermined angle in the surface direction at the adjacent portions with the protrusions 34, 36.

[0051] This makes it easier to align the wall panel 1. In this embodiment, the protrusions 34, 36 correspond to the restraining means of Invention 1, 3 or 4, or the locking portion of Invention 3, the adjuster portion 50 corresponds to the adjustment means of Invention 1, and the links 42, 44 correspond to the connecting members of Invention 2 or 3.

[0052] [Modifications] In the above embodiment, the support leg 30 is configured by connecting the links 42, 44, but this is not limited to the above, and a configuration in which only one of the links 42, 44 is connected, a configuration in which more links than the links 42, 44 are connected, a configuration in which the links 42, 44 can be connected (including a configuration in which the links 42, 44 are not connected), or a configuration in which the links 42, 44 cannot be connected can be adopted.

[0053] Furthermore, in the above embodiment and its modified examples, the links 42, 44 are configured as plate-shaped members, but the present invention is not limited to this, and they can be configured as members having a U-shaped cross section that is open at the top.

[0054] Furthermore, in the above embodiment and its modified examples, the support leg 30 is connected to other support legs 30 by links 42, 44, but this is not limited to the above and the support legs 30 can be connected to support legs, pillars 100, building materials, structures, and other connected objects of other configurations.

[0055] In the above embodiment and its modified example, the two adjacent wall panels 1 are restrained at an angle of 90° in the surface direction at the adjoining portion, but the present invention is not limited to this and they can be restrained at any angle. For example, the orientation and arrangement of the protrusions 34, 36 can be appropriately adjusted so that the wall panel 1 can be restrained at an angle corresponding to the shape of the construction location at the construction location of the wall panel 1.

[0056] In the above embodiment and its modified example, the protrusions 34, 36 are provided as a structure for restraining the wall panel 1, but other structures may be adopted. For example, a structure may be adopted in which a recess is formed on the lower surface of the board material 10, and a protrusion that fits into the recess is formed on the support plate 32.

[0057] In addition, in the above embodiment and its modified examples, a configuration is adopted in which the height of support plate 32 is adjusted by screwing screw portion 54 into screw hole 58 and adjusting the screwing length, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a configuration in which the height of support plate 32 is adjusted by a spacer, jack, cylinder, or other mechanism can be used.

[0058] In the above embodiment and its modified example, the wall panel 1 covers the side surface 101 of the pillar 100, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the wall panel 1 may cover the surface of the wall. In other words, a plurality of wall panels 1 may be arranged in the planar direction along the surface of the wall and connected to each other.

[0059] In the above embodiment and its modified examples, the wall panel 1 can be installed in the following manner, for example.

[0060] [Installation method 1] (1) The heights of the support plates 32 of the support legs 30 are aligned on the same horizontal plane. (2) The support legs 30 are positioned along the four corners or wall surface of the pillar 100.

[0061] (3) Each support leg 30 is connected by links 42, 44. (4) Check again that the height of the support plate 32 of the support leg 30 is on the same horizontal plane.

[0062] (5) Place the wall panel 1 on the support legs 30. The order of (1), (2), and (3) can be arbitrary. If (3) is performed before (2), the example of installation method 3 should be followed.

[0063] [Installation method 2] (1) Lift the wall panel 1 to the specified height using a jack or other device. (2) The support legs 30 are placed in the space between the wall panel 1 and the floor so as to be aligned with the four corners of the pillar 100 or along the wall surface.

[0064] (3) The height of the support plate 32 of the support leg 30 is aligned on the same horizontal plane according to the space. (4) Lower the jack or the like and place the wall panel 1 on the support legs 30.

[0065] (5) Each support leg 30 is connected by links 42, 44. The order of (2), (3), and (5) can be arbitrary. If (5) is performed before (2), the example of installation method 3 should be followed.

[0066] [Installation method 3] (1) The support legs 30 are connected by links 42, 44. In the case of the pillar 100, they are connected in a U-shape.

[0067] (2) The support legs 30 are positioned along the four corners or wall surface of the pillar 100. (3) The heights of the support plates 32 of the support legs 30 are aligned on the same horizontal plane.

[0068] (4) In the case of column 100, the unconnected sides are connected by links 42 and 44. (5) Place the wall panel 1 on the support legs 30.

[0069] In addition, in the above embodiment and its modified examples, a configuration is adopted in which the bolt 60 screws into the bolt hole 15, but this is not limited to the above. For example, a configuration may be adopted in which a metal support member that is L-shaped in side view and holds and supports the upper end of the board material 10 is provided, and the bolt 60 screws into this support member.

[0070] In the above embodiment and its modified example, the bolt 60 is provided on the top surface 14 of the board material 10, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the board material 10 may have a bolt (protruding portion) on the back surface 11. By adjusting the protruding length of the bolt so that the bolt abuts against the pillar 100, the wall panel 1 can be supported from the back surface 11 side as well.

[0071] In addition, in the above embodiment and its modified examples, a configuration is adopted in which the cushion board 20 is fixed to the back surface 11 of the board material 10 by adhesive or the like, but this is not limited to the above. For example, if the cushion layer is formed of a urethane layer or the like, the cushion layer may be formed by spraying urethane resin onto the back surface 11 of the board material 10.

[0072] In the above embodiment and its modified examples, the support plate 32 is configured as a rectangular plate, but is not limited to this and may be round or have any other shape.

[0073] In the above embodiment and its modified example, the support legs 30 are connected by the links 42, 44, but this is not limiting and the following configuration can also be adopted.

[0074] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the position where the wall panel 1 touches the support leg 30. As shown in FIG. In the first configuration, as shown in FIG. 8(a), a link 46 is provided hanging down from the rear end of the support plate 32, and a heat insulating material 22 is attached to the rear surface of the link 46.

[0075] 8(b), the second configuration is such that two links 46 are suspended from the front and rear ends of the support plate 32, a rectangular support base 52a is inserted between the links 46, and an adjuster 50a is interposed between the support base 52a and the support plate 32. Then, a heat insulating material 22 is attached to the back surface of the link 46 on the rear end side.

[0076] With such a configuration, the wall panel 1 can be easily installed and can be installed without causing any insulation loss. [Explanation of symbols]

[0077] 1, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D...wall panel, 10...board material, 11...back surface, 14...top surface, 15, 38a, 38b, 40a, 40b...bolt hole, 20...cushion board, 22...insulating material, 30, 30A, 30B, 30C, 30D...support leg, 32...support plate, 34, 36...projection, 38c, 40c, 60...bolt, 38d, 40d...nut, 42, 44, 46...link, 50, 50a...adjuster part, 52...base plate, 52a...support base, 54, 62...screw part, 56...screw receiving part, 58...screw hole, 61...head, 81...screw, 100...pillar, 101...side surface

Claims

1. A support plate that supports the lower ends of one and the lower ends of the other of two wall panels that are installed side by side and adjacent to each other in the surface direction, at adjacent portions; A restraining means is provided on the support plate and restrains the two wall panels at a predetermined angle in a surface direction at an adjacent portion; A support leg for a wall panel, comprising an adjustment means for adjusting the height of the support plate.

2. In claim 1, A support leg for a wall panel, characterized in that the support plate has a connecting member attached or capable of being attached to another connectable body that supports one of the two wall panels.

3. In claim 2, The restraining means is a locking portion that locks a surface of the wall panel, The support leg of a wall panel is characterized in that the connecting member is attached or can be attached to a position on the support surface of the support plate, the connecting member being spaced from the engaging portion by a length equivalent to the thickness of the grounding portion of the wall panel.

4. A method for setting a wall panel using a support leg according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of: A method for installing wall panels, comprising: supporting two wall panels side by side in a surface direction at the lower ends of one and the other of the two wall panels with the support plate at the adjacent portions; and restraining the two wall panels at the adjacent portions at a predetermined angle in the surface direction with the restraining means.

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