Laminate and display

Abstract

To provide a new laminate in which its hue changes according to the direction of viewing.SOLUTION: A laminate 3 includes a horizontally oriented light absorption anisotropic film A having a dichromatic dye compound A, a horizontally oriented light absorption anisotropic film B having a dichromatic dye compound B, and a vertically oriented light absorption anisotropic film C having a dichromatic dye compound C. An absorption axis of the horizontally oriented light absorption anisotropic film A and an absorption axis of the horizontally oriented light absorption anisotropic film B are orthogonal to each other in an in-plane direction. An absorption axis of the vertically oriented light absorption anisotropic film C extends along a vertical direction perpendicular to the in-plane direction. The maximum absorption wavelength of the horizontally oriented light absorption anisotropic film A, the maximum absorption wavelength of the horizontally oriented light absorption anisotropic film B, and the maximum absorption wavelength of the vertically oriented light absorption anisotropic film C, are different from each other.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a laminate and a display device. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, laminates that function as polarizers, for example, have been known for use in flat panel displays such as liquid crystal displays and organic electroluminescence displays. An example of such a laminate is the polarizing film described in Patent Document 1. This conventional polarizing film includes a light-absorbing anisotropic film that contains a dichroic dye compound. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] JP 2019-211770 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Conventional laminates have the same hue regardless of the viewing direction. Applications of laminates include flat panel display devices such as liquid crystal display devices and organic electroluminescence display devices, but if a new laminate whose hue changes depending on the viewing direction can be provided, the applications of the laminates can be expanded.

[0005] The present disclosure has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and has an object to provide a novel laminate whose hue changes depending on the viewing direction. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] A laminate according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film A having a dichroic dye compound A, a horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film B having a dichroic dye compound B, and a vertically aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film C having a dichroic dye compound C, wherein the absorption axis of the horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film A and the absorption axis of the horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film B are perpendicular to each other in the in-plane direction, the absorption axis of the vertically aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film C is aligned in a vertical direction perpendicular to the in-plane direction, and the maximum absorption wavelength of the horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film A, the maximum absorption wavelength of the horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film B, and the maximum absorption wavelength of the vertically aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film C are different from one another.

[0007] In this laminate, a horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film A and a horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film B, whose absorption axes are perpendicular to the in-plane direction, are combined with a vertically aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film C, whose absorption axis is along a vertical direction perpendicular to the in-plane direction. In addition, the horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film A, the horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film B, and the vertically aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film C have different maximum absorption wavelengths. Therefore, when natural light or white light is incident on the laminate, the hues of the laminate can be made different depending on the viewing direction. This novel laminate makes it possible to expand the uses of the laminate.

[0008] The dichroic dye compound A, the dichroic dye compound B, and the dichroic dye compound C may each be selected from a group of different hues, such as cyan, magenta, and yellow, or a group of red, green, and blue. In this case, the hue of the laminate can be made to differ more reliably depending on the viewing direction.

[0009] The horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film A, the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film B, and the vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film C may each be a cured product of an optically absorptive anisotropic film-forming composition having a polymerizable liquid crystal compound. In this case, the alignment state of the dichroic dye compound can be suitably fixed.

[0010] In at least one of the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film A, the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film B, and the vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film C, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound may be a liquid crystal compound that forms a smectic phase, thereby making it possible to obtain higher polarization characteristics.

[0011] In all of the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film A, the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film B, and the vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film C, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound may be a liquid crystal compound that forms a smectic phase. This allows for higher polarization characteristics to be obtained.

[0012] A display device according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes the above-described laminate and a light source that outputs light toward the laminate.

[0013] This display device uses a laminate having different hues depending on the viewing direction. When light such as white light is input from a light source to the laminate as one pixel, light of different hues can be output from one pixel according to the absorption axis directions of the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic films A and B and the vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film C. Therefore, for example, by arranging the laminate such that the absorption axis directions of the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic films A and B and the vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film C are different for each pixel, a three-dimensional display can be easily realized. Effect of the Invention

[0014] According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a novel laminate whose hue changes depending on the viewing direction. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0015] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a display device including a laminate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configurations and evaluation results of laminates according to examples and comparative examples. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configurations and evaluation results of laminates according to examples and comparative examples. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a viewing direction of a laminate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0016] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of a laminate and a display device according to one aspect of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0017] 1 is a schematic diagram of a display device including a laminate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 1, the display device 1 includes a light source 2 and a laminate 3. Examples of the display device 1 include a liquid crystal display device, an organic EL display device, an inorganic EL display device, an electron emission display device, electronic paper, and a piezoelectric ceramic display.

[0018] The display device 1 is configured as a device for displaying a three-dimensional image. The light source 2 is a portion that outputs light toward the laminate 3. The light source 2 is a device that outputs white light L, such as a white LED. Natural light may be input to the laminate 3 instead of the white light L. The laminate 3 in FIG. 1 corresponds to one pixel in the display device 1. The laminate 3 is configured to include a polarizing plate 11A, a polarizing plate 11B, and a polarizing plate 11C. The polarizing plates 11A, 11B, and 11C may be stacked in any order, but in this embodiment, the laminate 3 is stacked with the polarizing plate 11A, the polarizing plate 11B, and the polarizing plate 11C in this order from the light source 2 side. The polarizing plate 11A is a polarizing plate including a horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film A described later, and the polarizing plate 11A is a polarizing plate including a horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film B described later. The polarizing plate 11C is a polarizing plate including a vertically aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film C described later.

[0019] The polarizing plates 11A, 11B, and 11C are members having a function of absorbing light of a predetermined wavelength in a predetermined direction. The polarizing plates 11A and 11B are formed, for example, by laminating an alignment film and a horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film on a glass substrate. The polarizing plate 11C is formed, for example, by laminating an alignment film and a vertically aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film on a glass substrate. The glass substrate is particularly transparent to visible light, and has a transmittance of 80% or more for light with a wavelength of 380 nm to 780 nm. The thickness of the glass substrate is, for example, 5 μm to 300 μm, preferably 20 μm to 200 μm, and more preferably 20 μm to 100 μm, in consideration of practical handling and processability.

[0020] The substrate of the polarizing plate 11A, the polarizing plate 11B, and the polarizing plate 11C may be a resin substrate. In this case, examples of the resin substrate include polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and norbornene-based polymers; cyclic olefin-based resins; polyvinyl alcohol; polyethylene terephthalate; polymethacrylic acid esters; polyacrylic acid esters; cellulose esters such as triacetyl cellulose, diacetyl cellulose, and cellulose acetate propionate; polyethylene naphthalate; polycarbonate; polysulfone; polyether sulfone; polyether ketone; polyphenylene sulfide; and polyphenylene oxide. Among these, a film substrate selected from triacetyl cellulose, cyclic olefin-based resins, polymethacrylic acid esters, and polyethylene terephthalate is more preferable from the viewpoint of transparency when used in optical film applications.

[0021] The alignment film is a film having a regulating force for aligning the dichroic dye compound contained in the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film in a predetermined direction. The alignment film adjusts the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plates 11A, 11B, and 11C to a desired direction by aligning the dichroic dye compound contained in a composition (composition for forming an optically absorptive anisotropic film) for forming the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film or the vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film. The absorption axis direction of the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film or the vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film is, for example, the same direction as the regulating force direction of the alignment film.

[0022] The alignment film has resistance to dissolution when the composition for forming an optically absorptive anisotropic film is applied, and also has resistance to heat treatment for removing the solvent and for orienting the dichroic dye. The thickness of the alignment film is, for example, 10 nm to 1200 nm, preferably 10 nm to 1000 nm, more preferably 10 nm to 500 nm, further preferably 10 nm to 200 nm, and particularly preferably 50 nm to 150 nm, in consideration of sufficient expression of the alignment control force.

[0023] Examples of the alignment film include an alignment film containing an orientable polymer, a photoalignment film, a groove alignment film having a concave-convex pattern or a plurality of grooves on the surface, and a stretched film stretched in the alignment direction.

[0024] Examples of the oriented polymer include polyamides and gelatins having an amide bond in the molecule, polyimides having an imide bond in the molecule, and their hydrolyzates such as polyamic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, alkyl-modified polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, polyoxazole, polyethyleneimine, polystyrene, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, and polyacrylic acid esters. Among these, polyvinyl alcohol is preferred. The oriented polymers can be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.

[0025] An alignment film containing an alignment polymer is usually obtained by applying a composition in which an alignment polymer is dissolved in a solvent (hereinafter referred to as an "alignment polymer composition") to a substrate and then removing the solvent, or by applying an alignment polymer composition to a substrate, removing the solvent, and rubbing the substrate (rubbing method).

[0026] The solvent is preferably an organic solvent, and examples of the organic solvent include alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol, propylene glycol, methyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether; ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate, γ-butyrolactone, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, and ethyl lactate; ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, methyl amyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone; aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as pentane, hexane, and heptane; aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene and xylene; nitrile solvents such as acetonitrile; ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and dimethoxyethane; and chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents such as chloroform and chlorobenzene. The solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The content of the solvent is preferably 100 to 1900 parts by mass, more preferably 150 to 900 parts by mass, and further preferably 180 to 600 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the orientable polymer composition.

[0027] The concentration of the oriented polymer in the oriented polymer composition may be within a range in which the oriented polymer material can be completely dissolved in the solvent, and is preferably 0.1 to 20% in terms of solid content relative to the solution, and more preferably 0.1 to 10%. As the oriented polymer composition, a commercially available oriented film material may be used as is. Examples of commercially available oriented film materials include Sunever (registered trademark, manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and Optomer (registered trademark, manufactured by JSR Corporation).

[0028] Examples of the method for applying the oriented polymer composition to a substrate include known methods such as spin coating, extrusion, gravure coating, die coating, bar coating, and applicator methods, and printing methods such as flexography. Examples of the method for removing the solvent contained in the oriented polymer composition include natural drying, ventilation drying, heat drying, and reduced pressure drying.

[0029] In order to impart an orientation regulating force to the orientation film, a rubbing treatment can be carried out as necessary (rubbing method). A method for imparting an orientation regulating force by the rubbing method includes a method in which an orientation polymer film formed on the surface of a substrate by applying an orientation polymer composition to the substrate and annealing the composition is brought into contact with a rotating rubbing roll wrapped with a rubbing cloth.

[0030] A photo-alignment film is usually obtained by applying a composition containing a polymer or monomer having a photoreactive group and a solvent (hereinafter referred to as a "photo-alignment film-forming composition") to a substrate and irradiating the substrate with polarized light (preferably polarized UV). A photo-alignment film is more preferable in that the direction of the alignment control force can be arbitrarily controlled by selecting the polarization direction of the polarized light to be irradiated.

[0031] The photoreactive group refers to a group that generates liquid crystal alignment ability by irradiation with light. Specifically, it includes groups involved in photoreactions that are the origin of liquid crystal alignment ability, such as molecular alignment induction caused by light irradiation or isomerization reaction, dimerization reaction, photocrosslinking reaction, or photodecomposition reaction. Among them, groups involved in dimerization reaction or photocrosslinking reaction are preferred in terms of excellent alignment ability. As the photoreactive group, a group having an unsaturated bond, particularly a double bond, is preferred, and a group having at least one selected from the group consisting of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C bond), a carbon-nitrogen double bond (C=N bond), a nitrogen-nitrogen double bond (N=N bond), and a carbon-oxygen double bond (C=O bond) is particularly preferred.

[0032] Examples of photoreactive groups having a C=C bond include vinyl groups, polyene groups, stilbene groups, stilbazolyl groups, stilbazolium groups, chalcone groups, and cinnamoyl groups. Examples of photoreactive groups having a C=N bond include groups having structures such as aromatic Schiff bases and aromatic hydrazones. Examples of photoreactive groups having an N=N bond include azobenzene groups, azonaphthalene groups, aromatic heterocyclic azo groups, bisazo groups, formazan groups, and groups having an azoxybenzene structure. Examples of photoreactive groups having a C=O bond include benzophenone groups, coumarin groups, anthraquinone groups, and maleimide groups. These groups may have substituents such as alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, aryl groups, allyloxy groups, cyano groups, alkoxycarbonyl groups, hydroxyl groups, sulfonic acid groups, and halogenated alkyl groups.

[0033] Among the above photoreactive groups, photoreactive groups involved in photodimerization are preferred, and cinnamoyl and chalcone groups are preferred because the amount of polarized light irradiation required for photoalignment is relatively small and a photoalignment film having excellent thermal stability and stability over time is easily obtained. As the polymer having a photoreactive group, one having a cinnamoyl group such that the terminal of the polymer side chain has a cinnamic acid structure is particularly preferred.

[0034] A photo-alignment-inducing layer can be formed on a substrate by applying the composition for forming a photo-alignment film on the substrate. The solvent contained in the composition can be the same as the solvent described in the above description of the "alignment polymer composition", and can be appropriately selected depending on the solubility of the polymer or monomer having a photoreactive group.

[0035] The content of the polymer or monomer having a photoreactive group in the composition for forming a photo-alignment film can be appropriately adjusted depending on the type of polymer or monomer and the thickness of the desired photo-alignment film, but is preferably at least 0.2% by mass or more, and more preferably in the range of 0.3 to 10% by mass, based on the mass of the composition for forming a photo-alignment film. The composition for forming a photo-alignment film may contain a polymer material such as polyvinyl alcohol or polyimide, or a photosensitizer, as long as the properties of the photo-alignment film are not significantly impaired.

[0036] The method of applying the composition for forming a photo-alignment film to a substrate may be the same as the method of applying the alignment composition to a substrate. The method of removing the solvent from the applied composition for forming a photo-alignment film may be natural drying, ventilation drying, heat drying, reduced pressure drying, etc.

[0037] The polarized light may be irradiated directly with polarized UV light after removing the solvent from the composition for forming a photo-alignment film applied on the substrate, or may be irradiated from the substrate side with polarized light and then transmitted through the substrate. It is particularly preferable that the polarized light is substantially parallel light. The wavelength of the polarized light to be irradiated is preferably in a wavelength range in which the photoreactive group of the polymer or monomer having a photoreactive group can absorb light energy. Specifically, UV (ultraviolet light) having a wavelength in the range of 250 to 400 nm is particularly preferable.

[0038] Examples of light sources used for the polarized light irradiation include xenon lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, ultra-high-pressure mercury lamps, metal halide lamps, and ultraviolet lasers such as KrF and ArF, and high-pressure mercury lamps, ultra-high-pressure mercury lamps, and metal halide lamps are more preferred. Among these, high-pressure mercury lamps, ultra-high-pressure mercury lamps, and metal halide lamps are preferred because of the high emission intensity of ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 313 nm. Polarized UV can be irradiated by irradiating light from the light source through an appropriate polarizer. As such a polarizer, a polarizing filter, a polarizing prism such as Glan-Thompson or Glan-Taylor, or a wire grid type polarizer can be used. In addition, if masking is performed when rubbing or polarized light irradiation is performed, multiple regions (patterns) with different liquid crystal alignment directions can also be formed.

[0039] A groove alignment film is a film that has a concave-convex pattern or multiple grooves on the film surface. When a polymerizable liquid crystal compound is applied to a film that has multiple linear grooves arranged at equal intervals, the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in the direction along the grooves.

[0040] Methods for obtaining a groove alignment film include a method in which the surface of a photosensitive polyimide film is exposed to light through an exposure mask having slits in a pattern shape, followed by development and rinsing to form a concave-convex pattern; a method in which a layer of uncured UV-curable resin is formed on a plate-shaped master having grooves on its surface, the formed resin layer is transferred to a substrate and then cured; and a method in which a roll-shaped master having multiple grooves is pressed against an uncured UV-curable resin film formed on a substrate to form concave-convex patterns, and then cured.

[0041] The horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film and the vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film are each configured to contain a dichroic dye compound. The dichroic dye compound is a dye compound having different absorbance in the long axis direction of the molecule and absorbance in the short axis direction of the molecule. The polarizing plates 11A and 11B including the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film configured to contain a dichroic dye compound, and the polarizing plate 11C including the vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film configured to contain a dichroic dye compound have an absorption direction in a predetermined direction and a maximum absorption wavelength in a predetermined wavelength range.

[0042] The dichroic dye compound A, the dichroic dye compound B, and the dichroic dye compound C may each be selected from a group of different hues including cyan, magenta, and yellow, or a group of different hues including red, green, and blue. The dichroic dye compound A and the dichroic dye compound B may each be selected from two different hues including a group of cyan, magenta, and yellow, or a group of different hues including red, green, and blue.

[0043] Examples of the dichroic dye include an acridine dye, an oxazine dye, a cyanine dye, a naphthalene dye, an azo dye, and an anthraquinone dye, among which an azo dye is preferred. Examples of the azo dye include a monoazo dye, a bisazo dye, a trisazo dye, a tetrakisazo dye, and a stilbene azo dye, among which a bisazo dye and a trisazo dye are preferred.

[0044] The azo dye includes a compound represented by formula (I) (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "compound (I)"). K1(-N=N-K2)pN=N-K3 (I) [In formula (I), K1 and K3 each independently represent a phenyl group which may have a substituent, a naphthyl group which may have a substituent, or a monovalent heterocyclic group which may have a substituent. K2 represents a p-phenylene group which may have a substituent, a naphthalene-1,4-diyl group which may have a substituent, or a divalent heterocyclic group which may have a substituent. p represents an integer of 1 to 4. When p is an integer of 2 or more, multiple K2s may be the same or different from each other. -N=N- bonds may be replaced with -C=C-, -COO-, -NHCO-, or -N=CH- bonds within the range in which absorption is exhibited in the visible range.]

[0045] Examples of the monovalent heterocyclic group include groups in which one hydrogen atom has been removed from a heterocyclic compound such as quinoline, thiazole, benzothiazole, thienothiazole, imidazole, benzimidazole, oxazole, benzoxazole, etc. Examples of the divalent heterocyclic group include groups in which two hydrogen atoms have been removed from the above-mentioned heterocyclic compounds.

[0046] Examples of the substituent that may be optionally possessed by the phenyl group, naphthyl group, and monovalent heterocyclic group in K1 and K3, and the p-phenylene group, naphthalene-1,4-diyl group, and divalent heterocyclic group in K2 include an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and a butoxy group; a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as a trifluoromethyl group; a cyano group; a nitro group; a halogen atom; and a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, such as an amino group, a diethylamino group, or a pyrrolidino group (the substituted amino group means an amino group having one or two alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an amino group in which two substituted alkyl groups are bonded to each other to form an alkanediyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms. An unsubstituted amino group is -NH2).

[0047] Among the compounds (I), the compounds represented by any one of formulas (I-1) to (I-8) are preferred, and the compounds represented by any one of formulas (I-1) to (I-3) are more preferred. [ka] [In formulas (I-1) to (I-8), B 1 ~B 30 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group (the definitions of a substituted amino group and an unsubstituted amino group are as described above), a chlorine atom, or a trifluoromethyl group. n1 to n4 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 3. When n1 is 2 or more, multiple B 2 may be the same or different, and when n2 is 2 or more, a plurality of B 6 may be the same or different, and when n3 is 2 or more, a plurality of B 9 may be the same or different, and when n4 is 2 or more, a plurality of B 14 may be the same or different.]

[0048] The anthraquinone dye is preferably a compound represented by formula (I-9). [ka] [In formula (I-9), R 1 ~R 8 are each independently a hydrogen atom, -R x , -NH2, -NHR x , -NR x 2, -SR x , or a halogen atom. x represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.]

[0049] The oxazone dye is preferably a compound represented by formula (I-10). [ka] [In formula (I-10), R 9 ~R 15 are each independently a hydrogen atom, -R x , -NH2, -NHR x , -NR x2, -SR x , or a halogen atom. x represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.]

[0050] The acridine dye is preferably a compound represented by formula (I-11). [ka] [In formula (I-11), R 16 ~R 23 are each independently a hydrogen atom, -R x , -NH2, -NHR x , -NR x 2, -SR x , or a halogen atom. x represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.]

[0051] In the above formulas (I-9), (I-10), and (I-11), R x Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, and a hexyl group, and examples of the aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms include a phenyl group, a toluyl group, a xylyl group, and a naphthyl group.

[0052] As the cyanine dye, the compounds represented by formula (I-12) and formula (I-13) are preferred. [ka] [In formula (I-12), D 1 and D. 2 represent, independently of each other, a group represented by any one of formulae (I-12a) to (I-12d). [ka] n5 represents an integer from 1 to 3. [ka] [In formula (I-13), D 3 and D. 4 represent, independently of each other, a group represented by any one of formulas (I-13a) to (I-13h). [ka] n6 represents an integer from 1 to 3.

[0053] Among these dichroic dyes, it is preferable to use azo dyes from the viewpoint of alignment.

[0054] Polarizing plate 11A is provided with a horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film A having a dichroic dye compound A, and polarizing plate 11B is provided with a horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film B having a dichroic dye compound B different from dichroic dye compound A. Polarizing plate 11C is provided with a vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film C having a dichroic dye compound C different from dichroic dye compounds A and B.

[0055] The absorption axis direction of the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film A and the absorption axis of the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film B are perpendicular to each other in the in-plane direction. The absorption axis of the vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film C is along the vertical direction perpendicular to the in-plane direction. The maximum absorption wavelength directions of the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film A, the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film B, and the vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film C are different from each other. In the example of FIG. 1, the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate 11A is 0°±5°, and the maximum absorption wavelength is, for example, 320 nm to 400 nm. The absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate 11B is 90°±5°, and the maximum absorption wavelength is 500 nm to 580 nm. The absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate 11C is vertical (0°±5° when the thickness direction of the polarizing plate 11C is 0°), and the maximum absorption wavelength is 600 nm to 680 nm.

[0056] The maximum absorption wavelength of the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film and the vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film can be determined by dissolving the dichroic dye compound contained in these optically absorptive anisotropic films in a solvent to prepare a measurement sample, measuring the absorption spectrum of the measurement sample using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, and measuring the wavelength at which the maximum absorbance occurs from the obtained absorption spectrum.

[0057] The horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film and the vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film can be formed by applying an optically absorptive anisotropic film-forming composition containing a dichroic dye compound onto an alignment film and drying it. The application method can be the same as the application method of the composition for forming an alignment film described above. The content of the dichroic dye compound in the optically absorptive anisotropic film-forming composition is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, even more preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the solid content of the optically absorptive anisotropic film-forming composition, from the viewpoint of improving the alignment of the dichroic dye. Here, the solid content is the total amount of components excluding the solvent from the optically absorptive anisotropic film-forming composition.

[0058] The light absorbing anisotropic film forming composition, which is at least one of, and preferably all of, the dichroic dye compound A, the dichroic dye compound B, and the dichroic dye compound C, may contain a polymerizable liquid crystal compound, a solvent, a polymerization initiator, a sensitizer, a polymerization inhibitor, a leveling agent, and a polymerizable non-liquid crystal compound. In the light absorbing anisotropic film containing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound, the strength is improved and color unevenness is reduced. When the light absorbing anisotropic film forming composition contains a polymerizable liquid crystal compound, the light absorbing anisotropic film forming composition may be dried to obtain a dried film, which may be cured. Curing refers to polymerizing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound contained in the dried film. Examples of the polymerization method include heating and light irradiation. The orientation state of the dichroic dye contained in the dried film can be fixed by curing.

[0059] The polymerizable liquid crystal compound is a compound having a polymerizable group and exhibiting liquid crystallinity. The polymerizable group means a group involved in a polymerization reaction, and is preferably a photopolymerizable group. The photopolymerizable group is a group that can undergo a polymerization reaction by an active radical or an acid generated from a photopolymerization initiator. Examples of the polymerizable group include a vinyl group, a vinyloxy group, a 1-chlorovinyl group, an isopropenyl group, a 4-vinylphenyl group, an acryloyloxy group, a methacryloyloxy group, an oxiranyl group, and an oxetanyl group. Examples of the compound exhibiting liquid crystallinity include a thermotropic liquid crystal and a lyotropic liquid crystal, and the thermotropic liquid crystal is preferred in terms of the ability to precisely control the film thickness. The compound exhibiting liquid crystallinity may be a nematic liquid crystal or a smectic liquid crystal in a thermotropic liquid crystal.

[0060] The polymerizable liquid crystal compound is preferably a liquid crystal compound that forms a smectic phase from the viewpoint of obtaining higher polarization characteristics. Examples of the smectic phase include smectic B phase, smectic D phase, smectic E phase, smectic F phase, smectic G phase, smectic H phase, smectic I phase, smectic J phase, smectic K phase, and smectic L phase, and smectic B phase, smectic F phase, or smectic I phase is preferable, and smectic B phase is more preferable. These smectic phases may be higher-order smectic phases.

[0061] When the liquid crystal phase formed by the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is a high-order smectic phase, a horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film and a vertically aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film with higher alignment order can be obtained. In the horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film and the vertically aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film with a high degree of alignment order, a Bragg peak derived from a high-order structure such as a hexatic phase or a crystalline phase is obtained in X-ray diffraction measurement. The Bragg peak is a peak derived from the periodic structure of the molecular orientation. When the liquid crystal phase formed by the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is a high-order smectic phase, a horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film and a vertically aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film with a periodic interval of the molecular orientation of, for example, 3.0 Å to 6.0 Å can be obtained.

[0062] Examples of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound include a compound represented by the following formula (B1) and a polymer of the compound (hereinafter, the compound and the polymer are collectively referred to as "polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B1)"). U 1 -V 1 -W 1 -X 1 -Y 1 -X 2 -Y 2 -X 3 -W 2 -V 2 -U 2 (B1) [In formula (B1), X 1 , X 2 and X 3 each independently represents a divalent aromatic group or a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group. A hydrogen atom contained in the divalent aromatic group or the divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cyano group, or a nitro group, and a carbon atom constituting the divalent aromatic group or the divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a nitrogen atom. However, X 1 , X 2 and X 3 At least one of Y is an optionally substituted 1,4-phenylene group or an optionally substituted cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group. 1 and Y 2 are each independently a single bond or a divalent linking group. 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a polymerizable group. 2 represents a polymerizable group. 1 and W 2 are each independently a single bond or a divalent linking group. 1 and V 2 each independently represents an alkanediyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, and -CH2- constituting the alkanediyl group may be replaced by -O-, -CO-, -S- or NH-.]

[0063] In the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B1), X 1, X 2 and X 3 At least one of X is an optionally substituted 1,4-phenylene group or an optionally substituted cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group. 1 and X 3 is preferably a cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group which may have a substituent, and the cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group is more preferably a trans-cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group. Examples of the optional substituent of the 1,4-phenylene group which may have a substituent or the cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group which may have a substituent include an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a butyl group, a cyano group, and a halogen atom such as a chlorine atom or a fluorine atom. It is preferably unsubstituted. Also, Y 1 and Y 2 If X is the same structure, 1 , X 2 and X 3 It is preferable that at least one of X has a different structure. 1 , X 2 and X 3 When at least one of the above has a different structure, smectic liquid crystallinity tends to be easily exhibited.

[0064] Y 1 and Y 2 are each independently -CH2CH2-, -CH2O-, -CH2CH2O-, -COO-, -OCOO-, a single bond, -N=N-, -CR a =CR b -, -C≡C-, -CR a =N- or CO-NR a - is preferred. a and R b each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. 1 is more preferably -CH2CH2-, -COO-, or a single bond, and Y 2 More preferably, X is -CH2CH2- or CH2O-. 1 , X 2 and X3 If all have the same structure, Y 1 and Y 2 It is preferable that Y have different structures. 1 and Y 2 When the structures are different from each other, smectic liquid crystallinity tends to be easily exhibited.

[0065] U 2 is a polymerizable group. 1 is a hydrogen atom or a polymerizable group, and is preferably a polymerizable group. 1 and U 2 are preferably both polymerizable groups, and more preferably both photopolymerizable groups. The photopolymerizable group means a group that can be involved in a polymerization reaction by an active radical or an acid generated from a photopolymerization initiator described later.

[0066] U 1 and a photopolymerizable group represented by U 2 The polymerizable groups represented by may be different from each other, but are preferably the same type of group. Examples of the polymerizable group include vinyl group, vinyloxy group, 1-chlorovinyl group, isopropenyl group, 4-vinylphenyl group, acryloyloxy group, methacryloyloxy group, oxiranyl group, and oxetanyl group. Among them, radical polymerizable groups are preferred, acryloyloxy group, methacryloyloxy group, vinyl group, and vinyloxy group are more preferred, acryloyloxy group and methacryloyloxy group are even more preferred, and acryloyloxy group is particularly preferred.

[0067] V 1 and V 2 Examples of the alkanediyl group represented by the formula (I) include a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propane-1,3-diyl group, a butane-1,3-diyl group, a butane-1,4-diyl group, a pentane-1,5-diyl group, a hexane-1,6-diyl group, a heptane-1,7-diyl group, an octane-1,8-diyl group, a decane-1,10-diyl group, a tetradecane-1,14-diyl group, and an icosane-1,20-diyl group. 1 and V 2is preferably an alkanediyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkanediyl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.

[0068] W 1 and W 2 are each independently preferably a single bond, -O-, -S-, -COO-, or -OCOO-, and more preferably a single bond or -O-.

[0069] Examples of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B1) include compounds represented by the following formulae (B-1) to (B-25). When the polymerizable liquid crystal compound (B1) has a cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group, the cyclohexane-1,4-diyl group is preferably a trans form. [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka]

[0070] Among these, at least one selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula (B-2), formula (B-3), formula (B-4), formula (B-5), formula (B-6), formula (B-7), formula (B-8), formula (B-13), formula (B-14), formula (B-15), formula (B-16), and formula (B-17) is preferred.

[0071] The exemplified polymerizable liquid crystal compounds can be used alone or in combination. When two or more polymerizable liquid crystal compounds are combined, it is preferable that at least one of them is a polymerizable liquid crystal compound, and more preferable that two or more of them are polymerizable liquid crystal compounds. By combining polymerizable liquid crystal compounds, liquid crystallinity may be temporarily maintained even at a temperature below the liquid crystal-crystal phase transition temperature. When two types of polymerizable liquid crystal compounds are combined, the mixing ratio is usually 1:99 to 50:50, preferably 5:95 to 50:50, and more preferably 10:90 to 50:50.

[0072] The polymerizable liquid crystal compound can be produced by a known method such as that described in Lub et al. Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas, 115, 321-328 (1996) and Japanese Patent No. 4719156.

[0073] The content of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the solid content of the composition for forming an optically absorptive anisotropic film is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, and preferably 99% by mass or less, more preferably 95% by mass or less, and even more preferably 90% by mass or less. In this specification, the solid content in the composition for forming an optically absorptive anisotropic film refers to the total amount of components excluding volatile components such as solvents from the composition for forming an optically absorptive anisotropic film.

[0074] The solvent may be the same as that described in the above description of the "orientable polymer composition." The content of the solvent is preferably 100 to 1900 parts by mass, more preferably 150 to 900 parts by mass, and further preferably 180 to 600 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the composition for forming an optically absorptive anisotropic film.

[0075] As the polymerization initiator, a photopolymerization initiator is preferably used. As the photopolymerization initiator, a photopolymerization initiator having light absorption at a wavelength of 300 nm to 380 nm is usually used. The photopolymerization initiator is a compound capable of initiating a polymerization reaction of a polymerizable liquid crystal compound, and can initiate a polymerization reaction at a lower temperature. Specifically, a photopolymerization initiator capable of generating active radicals or acids by the action of absorbed light can be mentioned, and among them, a photopolymerization initiator that generates radicals by the action of light is preferable.

[0076] Examples of the photopolymerization initiator include a benzoin compound, a benzophenone compound, an alkylphenone compound, an acylphosphine oxide compound, a triazine compound, an iodonium salt, and a sulfonium salt. These polymerization initiators can be used alone or in combination.

[0077] Benzoin compounds include benzoin, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether, and benzoin isobutyl ether. Benzophenone compounds include benzophenone, o-benzoyl methyl benzoate, 4-phenylbenzophenone, 4-benzoyl-4'-methyldiphenyl sulfide, 3,3',4,4'-tetra(tert-butylperoxycarbonyl)benzophenone, and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzophenone.

[0078] Examples of alkylphenone compounds include diethoxyacetophenone, 2-methyl-2-morpholino-1-(4-methylthiophenyl)propan-1-one, 2-dimethylamino-2-benzyl-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)butan-1-one, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 1,2-diphenyl-2,2-dimethoxyethan-1-one, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]propan-1-one, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, and oligomers of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-[4-(1-methylvinyl)phenyl]propan-1-one.

[0079] Examples of the acylphosphine oxide compound include 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide and bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phenylphosphine oxide.

[0080] The triazine compounds include 2,4-bis(trichloromethyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(trichloromethyl)-6-(4-methoxynaphthyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(trichloromethyl)-6-(4-methoxystyryl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(trichloromethyl)-6-[2-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)ethenyl] ]-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(trichloromethyl)-6-[2-(furan-2-yl)ethenyl]-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(trichloromethyl)-6-[2-(4-diethylamino-2-methylphenyl)ethenyl]-1,3,5-triazine and 2,4-bis(trichloromethyl)-6-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-1,3,5-triazine.

[0081] Commercially available photopolymerization initiators can be used. Commercially available photopolymerization initiators include "Irgacure (registered trademark) 907", "Irgacure (registered trademark) 184", "Irgacure (registered trademark) 651", "Irgacure (registered trademark) 819", "Irgacure (registered trademark) 250", "Irgacure (registered trademark) 369" (Ciba Japan Co., Ltd.); "Seikuol (registered trademark) BZ", "Seikuol (registered trademark) Z", "Seikuol (registered trademark) 100", "Seikuol (registered trademark) 200", "Seikuol (registered trademark) 1 ... Examples of such compounds include "Kayacure (registered trademark) BEE" (Seiko Chemical Co., Ltd.); "Kayacure (registered trademark) BP100" (Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.); "Kayacure (registered trademark) UVI-6992" (Dow Chemicals); "ADEKA Optomer SP-152", "ADEKA Optomer SP-170" (ADEKA Corporation); "TAZ-A", "TAZ-PP" (Nippon SiberHegner Co., Ltd.); and "TAZ-104" (Sanwa Chemical Co., Ltd.).

[0082] The content of the polymerization initiator can be appropriately adjusted according to the type and amount of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound contained in the composition for forming an optically absorptive anisotropic film, but is preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more, more preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more, and even more preferably 1 part by mass or more, and is preferably 30 parts by mass or less, more preferably 20 parts by mass or less, and even more preferably 10 parts by mass or less, relative to 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. When the content of the polymerization initiator is equal to or more than the above lower limit, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound can be polymerized without disturbing the alignment. When the content of the polymerization initiator is equal to or less than the above upper limit, the long-term storage stability can be improved, and the occurrence of alignment defects in the obtained polarizing film can be more easily suppressed or prevented.

[0083] The sensitizer is preferably a photosensitizer. Examples of the photosensitizer include xanthone compounds such as xanthone and thioxanthone (e.g., 2,4-diethylthioxanthone, 2-isopropylthioxanthone, etc.); anthracene compounds such as anthracene and alkoxy group-containing anthracene (e.g., dibutoxyanthracene); phenothiazine and rubrene. The sensitizer can be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.

[0084] When the composition for forming an optically absorptive anisotropic film contains a sensitizer, the polymerization reaction of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound contained in the composition can be further promoted. The amount of the sensitizer used can be appropriately adjusted depending on the type and amount of the polymerization initiator and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound, but is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass, and even more preferably 0.5 to 8 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. In order to make the polymerization reaction of the composition for forming an optically absorptive anisotropic film proceed more stably, the composition may contain an appropriate amount of a polymerization inhibitor. This makes it easier to control the degree of progress of the polymerization reaction of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound.

[0085] Examples of the polymerization inhibitor include radical scavengers such as hydroquinone, alkoxy group-containing hydroquinone, alkoxy group-containing catechol (for example, butylcatechol, etc.), pyrogallol, and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy radical; thiophenols; β-naphthylamines, and β-naphthols.

[0086] When the composition for forming an optically absorptive anisotropic film contains a polymerization inhibitor, its content can be appropriately adjusted depending on the type and amount of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound, the amount of the sensitizer used, etc., but is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass, and even more preferably 0.5 to 8 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. If the content of the polymerization inhibitor is within this range, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound can be polymerized without disturbing the alignment.

[0087] The optically absorptive anisotropic film-forming composition may contain one or more leveling agents. The leveling agent has the function of adjusting the fluidity of the optically absorptive anisotropic film-forming composition and making the coating film obtained by applying the composition flatter, and specifically includes a surfactant. As the leveling agent, at least one selected from the group consisting of a leveling agent mainly composed of a polyacrylate compound and a leveling agent mainly composed of a fluorine atom-containing compound is preferable.

[0088] Leveling agents based on polyacrylate compounds include "BYK-350", "BYK-352", "BYK-353", "BYK-354", "BYK-355", "BYK-358N", "BYK-361N", "BYK-380", "BYK-381" and "BYK-392" [BYK Chemie].

[0089] Leveling agents containing fluorine-containing compounds as the main component include "Megafac (registered trademark) R-08", "R-30", "R-90", "F-410", "F-411", "F-443", "F-445", "F-470", "F-471", "F-477", "F-479", "F-482" and "F-483" [DIC Corporation]; "Surflon (registered trademark) S-381" and "S-3 Examples of such compounds include "82", "S-383", "S-393", "SC-101", "SC-105", "KH-40" and "SA-100" [AGC Seimi Chemical Co., Ltd.]; "E1830", "E5844" [Daikin Fine Chemical Research Institute Ltd.]; "F-TOP EF301", "F-TOP EF303", "F-TOP EF351" and "F-TOP EF352" [Mitsubishi Materials Electronic Chemicals Co., Ltd.].

[0090] When the composition for forming an optically absorptive anisotropic film contains a leveling agent, the content thereof is preferably 0.05 to 5 parts by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 3 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound. When the content of the leveling agent is within the above range, the obtained polarizing film tends to be smoother and less prone to unevenness.

[0091] <Polarizing film> The horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film A, the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film B, and the vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film C used in the laminate of the present disclosure function as a polarizing film (hereinafter, also simply referred to as "polarizing film"). The polarizing film is a film having a polarizing function, and preferably has a dichroic dye encapsulated in an oriented polymerizable liquid crystal. The polarizing film used in the laminate of the present disclosure is preferably formed from the optically absorptive anisotropic film-forming composition. The polarizing film formed from the optically absorptive anisotropic film-forming composition has little or no alignment defects and has excellent polarization performance.

[0092] The polarizing film used in the laminate of the present disclosure can be produced, for example, by a method including a step (ii) of forming a coating film of the composition for forming an optically absorptive anisotropic film, and drying and removing the organic solvent from the coating film, and a step (iii) of aligning and curing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in a smectic liquid crystal phase state.

[0093] Step (ii) is a step of forming a coating film by applying the composition for forming an optically absorptive anisotropic film onto the substrate, alignment film or other layer (e.g., functional layer) described above, and then drying and removing the organic solvent under conditions in which the polymerizable liquid crystal compound contained in the coating film obtained does not polymerize, thereby obtaining a dry coating film. The polarizing film may be directly applied onto the substrate or other layer (e.g., functional layer), but is preferably applied onto an alignment film having alignment regularity.

[0094] In step (ii), the drying method includes natural drying, ventilation drying, heat drying and reduced pressure drying. When the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is a polymerizable smectic liquid crystal compound, it is preferable to make the liquid crystal state of the polymerizable smectic liquid crystal compound contained in the dried film a nematic phase (nematic liquid crystal state) and then transition to a smectic phase. In order to form a smectic phase via a nematic phase, for example, a method is adopted in which the dried film is heated to a temperature at which the polymerizable smectic liquid crystal compound contained in the dried film transitions to a nematic liquid crystal state or higher, and then cooled to a temperature at which the polymerizable smectic liquid crystal compound shows a smectic liquid crystal state.

[0095] Step (iii) is a step of orienting and curing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the dried film in the state of a smectic liquid crystal phase. Hereinafter, a method of photopolymerizing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound while maintaining the liquid crystal state of the smectic phase after the liquid crystal state of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the dried film is changed to a smectic phase in step (ii) will be described. In the photopolymerization, the light irradiated to the dried film is appropriately selected according to the type of photopolymerization initiator contained in the dried film, the type of polymerizable liquid crystal compound (particularly, the type of photopolymerizable group possessed by the polymerizable liquid crystal compound) and the amount thereof.

[0096] Specific examples of the light include at least one light selected from the group consisting of visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared light, X-rays, α-rays, β-rays, and γ-rays, and active electron beams. Among them, ultraviolet light is preferred because it is easy to control the progress of the polymerization reaction and photopolymerization devices widely used in the field can be used. It is preferable to select the type of polymerizable liquid crystal compound and photopolymerization initiator contained in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition so that the composition can be photopolymerized by ultraviolet light. In addition, the polymerization temperature can be controlled by irradiating the dried film with light while cooling it with an appropriate cooling means during polymerization. By adopting such a cooling means, if the polymerization of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is carried out at a lower temperature, a polarizing film can be appropriately formed even if a substrate having a relatively low heat resistance is used. During photopolymerization, a patterned polarizing film can also be obtained by performing masking or development.

[0097] Examples of the light source of the active energy rays include a low-pressure mercury lamp, a medium-pressure mercury lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, an ultra-high-pressure mercury lamp, a xenon lamp, a halogen lamp, a carbon arc lamp, a tungsten lamp, a gallium lamp, an excimer laser, an LED light source emitting light in the wavelength range of 380 to 440 nm, a chemical lamp, a black light lamp, a microwave-excited mercury lamp, and a metal halide lamp.

[0098] The UV irradiation intensity is usually 10 to 3,000 mW / cm 2 The ultraviolet irradiation intensity is preferably an intensity in a wavelength region effective for activating a photopolymerization initiator. The time for light irradiation is usually 0.1 seconds to 10 minutes, preferably 1 second to 5 minutes, more preferably 5 seconds to 3 minutes, and further preferably 10 seconds to 1 minute. When irradiating once or multiple times with such ultraviolet irradiation intensity, the integrated light amount is 10 to 3,000 mJ / cm. 2 , preferably 50 to 2,000 mJ / cm 2 , more preferably 100 to 1,000 mJ / cm 2 It is.

[0099] By carrying out photopolymerization, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is polymerized while maintaining the liquid crystal state of the smectic phase, preferably the high-order smectic phase, to form a polarizing film. The polarizing film obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound while maintaining the liquid crystal state of the smectic phase has an advantage of having higher polarization performance due to the action of the dichroic dye, compared to conventional host-guest type polarizing films, i.e., polarizing films made of a liquid crystal state of a nematic phase. Furthermore, it has an advantage of having superior strength compared to films coated with only a dichroic dye or a lyotropic liquid crystal.

[0100] The thickness of the polarizing film can be appropriately selected depending on the display device to which it is applied, and is preferably 0.1 to 5 μm, more preferably 0.3 to 4 μm, and further preferably 0.5 to 3 μm.

[0101] The optically absorptive anisotropic film-forming composition used in the present disclosure has excellent long-term storage stability, and can be used after long-term storage. Therefore, in step (ii), the polarizing film-forming composition after storage may be used. When using the polarizing film-forming composition after storage, it is preferable to further perform step (i) from the viewpoint of effectively suppressing or preventing alignment defects in the resulting polarizing film.

[0102] Step (i) is a step of storing the composition for forming an optically absorptive anisotropic film. In step (i), the storage temperature is preferably 15 to 35°C, more preferably 20 to 30°C. The composition for forming an optically absorptive anisotropic film is usually stored in a sealed state so that the organic solvent does not evaporate. The container containing the composition for forming an optically absorptive anisotropic film can be shielded, but the composition for forming an optically absorptive anisotropic film used in the present disclosure has excellent long-term storage stability even without shielding, especially because the dichroic dye in the composition can absorb ultraviolet light (wavelength 380 nm) that can generate radicals due to the photopolymerization initiator.

[0103] In the display device 1 having the above configuration, white light L output from the light source 2 is input to the polarizing plate 11A, the polarizing plate 11B, and the polarizing plate 11C in this order in the laminate 2. Light of a hue corresponding to the dichroic dye compound A is output from the polarizing plate 11A except in the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate 11A (in-plane direction 0°±5°), and light of a hue corresponding to the dichroic dye compound B is output from the polarizing plate 11B except in the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate 11B (in-plane direction 90°±5°). Light of a hue corresponding to the dichroic dye compound C is output from the polarizing plate 11C except in the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate 11C (vertical direction 0°±5°).

[0104] As described above, the laminate 3 is a combination of the horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film A and the horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film B (polarizing plates 11A and 11B) whose absorption axes are perpendicular to the in-plane direction, and the vertically aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film C (polarizing plate 11C) whose absorption axis is along the vertical direction perpendicular to the in-plane direction. In addition, the horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film A (polarizing plate 11A), the horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film B (polarizing plate 11B), and the vertically aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film C (polarizing plate 11C) have different maximum absorption wavelengths. Therefore, when natural light or white light is incident on the laminate 3, the hues of the laminate 3 can be made different from each other depending on the viewing direction. According to this new laminate 3, it becomes possible to expand its applications.

[0105] In this embodiment, the dichroic dye compound A, the dichroic dye compound B, and the dichroic dye compound C may each be selected from a group of different hues, such as cyan, magenta, and yellow, or a group of red, green, and blue. In this case, the hue of the laminate 3 can be made to differ more reliably depending on the viewing direction.

[0106] In this embodiment, the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film A, the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film B, and the vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film C may each be a cured product of an optically absorptive anisotropic film-forming composition having a polymerizable liquid crystal compound. In this case, the alignment state of the dichroic dye compound can be suitably fixed.

[0107] In this embodiment, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound may be a liquid crystal compound that forms a smectic phase in at least one or all of the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film A, the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film B, and the vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film C. This makes it possible to obtain higher polarization characteristics.

[0108] As described above, the display device 1 according to this embodiment uses the laminate 3 having different hues depending on the viewing direction. When light such as white light L is input from the light source 2 to the laminate 3 as one pixel, light of different hues can be output from one pixel according to the absorption axis directions of the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic films A and B and the vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film C. Therefore, for example, by arranging the laminate 3 so that the absorption axis directions of the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic films A and B and the vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film C are different for each pixel, a three-dimensional display can be easily realized and the laminate can also be used as a decorative film.

[0109] [Example] The present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to examples. In the following examples, "%" and "parts" are "mass%" and "parts by mass" unless otherwise specified. The configurations and evaluation results of the laminates in each example and comparative example are summarized in Figures 2 and 3.

[0110] [Production of polymerizable liquid crystal compounds] Polymerizable liquid crystal compounds (A-6) and (A-7) having the structures shown below were prepared, respectively. The polymerizable liquid crystal compounds (A-6) and (A-7) were prepared according to the method described in Lub et al., Recl. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas, 115, 321-328 (1996). [ka] (A-6) [ka] (A-7)

[0111] [Production of dichroic dye compounds] As the dichroic dye compound, azo dichroic dye compounds (D-1) to (D-3) having the structures shown below, which are described in the examples of JP2013-101328A, were used. [ka] (D-1) [ka] (D-2) [ka] (D-3)

[0112] [Measurement of maximum absorption wavelength of dichroic dye compounds] A solution was obtained as a measurement sample by dissolving 1 mg of a dichroic dye compound in 50 mL of chloroform. The measurement sample was placed in a measurement cell with an optical path length of 1 cm, and the measurement sample was set in an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-2450, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) to measure the absorption spectrum, and the wavelength at which the maximum absorbance was obtained was measured from the obtained absorption spectrum. The measurement results are shown in Table 1. [Table 1]

[0113] <Example 1> [Preparation of optically absorptive anisotropic film-forming composition (1)] The following components were mixed and stirred at 80° C. for 1 hour to obtain a composition for forming an optically absorptive anisotropic film (1). ·Polymerizable liquid crystal compound: (A-6) 75 parts ·Polymerizable liquid crystal compound: (A-7) 25 parts ·Dichroic dye compound: (D-3) 4.0 parts Polymerization initiator: 2-dimethylamino-2-benzyl-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)butan-1-one (Irgacure 369; manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals) 6 parts Leveling agent [polyacrylate compound (BYK-361N; manufactured by BYK-Chemie)]: 1.2 parts Solvent: o-xylene 250 parts

[0114] [Preparation of optically absorptive anisotropic film-forming composition (2)] The following components were mixed and stirred at 80° C. for 1 hour to obtain a composition for forming an optically absorptive anisotropic film (2). ·Polymerizable liquid crystal compound: (A-6) 75 parts ·Polymerizable liquid crystal compound: (A-7) 25 parts ·Dichroic dye compound: (D-2) 4.0 parts Polymerization initiator: 2-dimethylamino-2-benzyl-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)butan-1-one (Irgacure 369; manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals) 6 parts Leveling agent [polyacrylate compound (BYK-361N; manufactured by BYK-Chemie)]: 1.2 parts Solvent: o-xylene 250 parts

[0115] [Preparation of optically absorptive anisotropic film-forming composition (3)] The following components were mixed and stirred at 80° C. for 1 hour to obtain a composition for forming an optically absorptive anisotropic film (2). ·Polymerizable liquid crystal compound: (A-6) 75 parts ·Polymerizable liquid crystal compound: (A-7) 25 parts ·Dichroic dye compound: (D-1) 0.9 parts Polymerization initiator: 2-dimethylamino-2-benzyl-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)butan-1-one (Irgacure 369; manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals) 6 parts Leveling agent [polyacrylate compound (BYK-361N; manufactured by BYK-Chemie)]: 1.2 parts Solvent: o-xylene 250 parts

[0116] [Preparation of alignment film for polarizing plate] A glass substrate was used as the transparent substrate. A 2% by mass aqueous solution (composition for forming an alignment film) of polyvinyl alcohol (polyvinyl alcohol 1000 fully saponified type, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was applied onto the glass substrate by spin coating to form a dry film having a thickness of 100 nm. Subsequently, an alignment film was formed by subjecting the surface of the obtained film to a rubbing treatment. The rubbing treatment was performed using a semi-automatic rubbing device (product name: LQ-008 type, manufactured by Joyo Engineering Co., Ltd.) with a cloth (product name: YA-20-RW, manufactured by Yoshikawa Kako Co., Ltd.) under the conditions of a pressing amount of 0.15 mm, a rotation speed of 500 rpm, and 16.7 mm / s. A laminate (1) in which an alignment film was formed on the glass substrate was obtained by the rubbing treatment.

[0117] [Preparation of polarizing plate (1)] The optically absorptive anisotropic film-forming composition (1) was applied onto the alignment film of the glass substrate by spin coating, and then heated and dried on a hot plate at 120°C for 1 minute, and then quickly cooled to room temperature to form a dry film on the alignment film. The liquid crystal state of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound contained in this dry film was a smectic B phase. Next, ultraviolet light was irradiated at an exposure dose of 1000 mJ / cm using a UV irradiation device (Unicure VB-15201BY-A, manufactured by Ushio Inc.). 2 The dry film was irradiated with light of 365 nm (reference wavelength), and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound contained in the dry film was polymerized while maintaining the liquid crystal state. In this way, a polarizing plate (1) consisting of a glass substrate / alignment film / horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film was produced.

[0118] [Preparation of polarizing plate (2)] A polarizing plate (2) consisting of a glass substrate / alignment film / horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film was obtained in the same manner as above, except that the optically absorptive anisotropic film-forming composition (2) was used.

[0119] [Preparation of polarizing plate (3)] The optically absorptive anisotropic film-forming composition (3) was applied onto a glass substrate by spin coating, and the composition was dried by heating on a hot plate at 120°C for 1 minute, and then quickly cooled to room temperature to form a dry film. The liquid crystal state of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound contained in this dry film was a smectic B phase. Next, ultraviolet light was irradiated at an exposure dose of 1000 mJ / cm using a UV irradiation device (UniCure VB-15201BY-A, manufactured by Ushio Inc.). 2 The dry film was irradiated with light at 365 nm (reference wavelength), and the polymerizable liquid crystal compound contained in the dry film was polymerized while maintaining the liquid crystal state. In this way, a polarizing plate (3) consisting of a glass substrate and a vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film was produced.

[0120] [Appearance evaluation] The laminates according to Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example were placed on a backlight, and the hues of the laminates were visually observed under fluorescent lamps. As shown in FIG. 4, the observation directions were three directions: 0° direction, 90° direction, and vertical direction. The observations from the 0° direction and 90° direction were each from a direction inclined at a predetermined angle θ with respect to the outermost surface of the laminate. θ was 45° in all directions. The observation position in each direction was a position 50 cm away from the center of the outermost surface of the laminate.

[0121] [Absorption spectrum measurement] Using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-2450, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), the absorption spectra in the front direction and oblique (50°) of the laminates according to Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example were measured. From the measurement results of the absorption spectrum in the front direction, the maximum absorption wavelength λmax and half width of the laminates according to Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example were evaluated. In addition, from the absorption spectra in the front direction and oblique direction, the absorbance at 632 nm (A(632)z=0°, A(632)z=50°) was evaluated.

[0122] <Example 1> In Example 1, a laminate was formed by laminating polarizing plate (1), polarizing plate (2), and polarizing plate (3) in the order from the side farthest from the light source so that the absorption axes were as follows: The liquid crystal state of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in polarizing plate (1), polarizing plate (2), and polarizing plate (3) upon formation of the polarizing film (before photocuring) was all a smectic B phase. Polarizing plate (1) In-plane 0° direction Polarizing plate (2) In-plane 90° direction ·Polarizing plate (3) Vertical direction

[0123] In the appearance evaluation of Example 1, the hue from the 0° direction was "green", the hue from the 90° direction was "purple", and the hue from the vertical direction was "orange". From this result, it was confirmed that the laminate according to Example 1 exhibits different hues depending on the viewing direction. Therefore, it can be seen that by arranging this laminate such that the absorption axis directions of the polarizing plate (1), the polarizing plate (2), and the polarizing plate (3) are different from each other for each pixel, a three-dimensional display can be easily realized. In the spectrum measurement of Example 1, the maximum absorption wavelength was 396 nm, the half width was 120 nm, A(632)z=0° was 0.03, and A(632)z=50° was 0.13.

[0124] <Example 2> In Example 2, a laminate was prepared by laminating polarizing plate (1), polarizing plate (2), and polarizing plate (3) in the order from the side farthest from the light source so that the absorption axes were as follows: The liquid crystal state of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in polarizing plate (1), polarizing plate (2), and polarizing plate (3) during the formation of the polarizing film (before photocuring) was all smectic B phase. Polarizing plate (1) In-plane 90° direction Polarizing plate (2) In-plane 0° direction ·Polarizing plate (3) Vertical direction

[0125] In the appearance evaluation of Example 2, the hue from the 0° direction was "purple", the hue from the 90° direction was "green", and the hue from the vertical direction was "orange". From this result, it was confirmed that the laminate according to Example 2 exhibits different hues depending on the viewing direction. Therefore, it can be seen that 3D display can be easily realized by arranging this laminate such that the absorption axis directions of the polarizing plate (1), the polarizing plate (2), and the polarizing plate (3) are different from each other for each pixel. In the spectrum measurement of Example 2, the maximum absorption wavelength was 548 nm, the half width was 148 nm, A(632)z=0° was 0.29, and A(632)z=50° was 0.38. The narrow half width makes it difficult for the hues from each direction to overlap, making it possible to display clear images in 3D display.

[0126] <Example 3> In Example 3, a liquid crystal compound LC242 (registered trademark of BASF) represented by the following formula (LC242) was used as the polymerizable liquid crystal compound of the composition for forming an optically absorptive anisotropic film. [ka]

[0127] [Preparation of optically absorptive anisotropic film-forming composition (4)] The following components were mixed and stirred at 80° C. for 1 hour to obtain a composition for forming an optically absorptive anisotropic film (4). ·Polymerizable liquid crystal compound: LC242 100 parts ·Dichroic dye compound: (D-3) 4.0 parts Polymerization initiator: 2-dimethylamino-2-benzyl-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)butan-1-one (Irgacure 369; manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals) 6 parts Leveling agent [polyacrylate compound (BYK-361N; manufactured by BYK-Chemie)]: 1.2 parts Solvent: o-xylene 250 parts

[0128] [Preparation of optically absorptive anisotropic film-forming composition (5)] The following components were mixed and stirred at 80° C. for 1 hour to obtain a composition for forming an optically absorptive anisotropic film (5). ·Polymerizable liquid crystal compound: LC242 100 parts ·Dichroic dye compound: (D-2) 4.0 parts Polymerization initiator: 2-dimethylamino-2-benzyl-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)butan-1-one (Irgacure 369; manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals) 6 parts Leveling agent [polyacrylate compound (BYK-361N; manufactured by BYK-Chemie)]: 1.2 parts Solvent: o-xylene 250 parts

[0129] [Preparation of polarizing plate (4)] The optically absorptive anisotropic film-forming composition (4) was applied onto the alignment film of the glass substrate by spin coating, and then heated and dried on a hot plate at 120°C for 1 minute, and then quickly cooled to room temperature to form a dry film on the alignment film. The liquid crystal state of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound contained in this dry film was a nematic phase. Next, ultraviolet light was irradiated at an exposure dose of 1000 mJ / cm using a UV irradiation device (UniCure VB-15201BY-A, manufactured by Ushio Inc.). 2 The polymerizable liquid crystal compound contained in the dried film was polymerized while maintaining the liquid crystal state by irradiating the dried film with light (365 nm standard). In this way, a polarizing plate (4) consisting of a glass substrate / alignment film / horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film (4) was produced.

[0130] [Preparation of polarizing plate (5)] A polarizing plate (5) consisting of a glass substrate / alignment film / horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film (5) was obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of the polarizing plate (4), except that the optically absorbing anisotropic film-forming composition (5) was used.

[0131] In Example 3, a laminate was formed by laminating a polarizing plate (4), a polarizing plate (5), and a polarizing plate (3) in this order from the side farthest from the light source so that the absorption axes were as follows: The liquid crystal state of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the polarizing plate (4), the polarizing plate (5), and the polarizing plate (3) upon formation of the polarizing film (before photocuring) was all a nematic phase. Polarizing plate (4) In-plane 0° direction Polarizing plate (5) In-plane 90° direction ·Polarizing plate (3) Vertical direction

[0132] In the appearance evaluation of Example 3, the hue from the 0° direction was "green", the hue from the 90° direction was "purple", and the hue from the vertical direction was "orange". From this result, it was confirmed that the laminate according to Example 3 exhibits different hues depending on the viewing direction. Therefore, it can be seen that by arranging this laminate such that the absorption axis directions of the polarizing plate (4), the polarizing plate (5), and the polarizing plate (3) are different from each other for each pixel, a three-dimensional display can be easily realized. In the spectrum measurement of Example 3, the maximum absorption wavelength was 390 nm, the half width was 110 nm, A(632)z=0° was 0.02, and A(632)z=50° was 0.13.

[0133] <Example 4> In Example 4, a laminate was prepared by laminating a polarizing plate (4), a polarizing plate (5), and a polarizing plate (3) in the order from the side farthest from the light source so that the absorption axes were as follows: The liquid crystal state of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the polarizing plate (4), the polarizing plate (5), and the polarizing plate (3) during the formation of the polarizing film (before photocuring) was all a nematic phase. Polarizing plate (4) In-plane 90° direction Polarizing plate (5) In-plane 0° direction ·Polarizing plate (3) Vertical direction

[0134] In the appearance evaluation of Example 4, the hue from the 0° direction was "purple", the hue from the 90° direction was "green", and the hue from the vertical direction was "orange". From this result, it was confirmed that the laminate according to Example 4 exhibits different hues depending on the viewing direction. Therefore, it can be seen that by arranging this laminate such that the absorption axis directions of the polarizing plate (4), the polarizing plate (5), and the polarizing plate (6) are different from each other for each pixel, a three-dimensional display can be easily realized. In the spectrum measurement of Example 4, the maximum absorption wavelength was 495 nm, the half width was 178 nm, A(632)z=0° was 0.04, and A(632)z=50° was 0.15.

[0135] <Comparative Example> [Preparation of optically absorptive anisotropic film-forming composition (6)] The following components were mixed and stirred at 80° C. for 1 hour to obtain a composition for forming an optically absorptive anisotropic film (6). ·Polymerizable liquid crystal compound: (A-6) 75 parts ·Polymerizable liquid crystal compound: (A-7) 25 parts ·Dichroic dye compound: (D-2) 2.5 parts ·Dichroic dye compound: (D-3) 2.5 parts ·Dichroic dye compound: (D-4) 2.5 parts Polymerization initiator: 2-dimethylamino-2-benzyl-1-(4-morpholinophenyl)butan-1-one (Irgacure 369; manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals) 6 parts Leveling agent [polyacrylate compound (BYK-361N; manufactured by BYK-Chemie)]: 0.3 parts Solvent: o-xylene 250 parts

[0136] The dichroic dye compound (D-4) is an azo-based dichroic dye compound having the structure shown below, which is described in the examples of JP2016-027387A. [ka]

[0137] [Preparation of polarizing plate (6)] A polarizing plate (6) consisting of a glass substrate / alignment film / horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film was obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of polarizing plate (1), except that the optically absorbing anisotropic film-forming composition (6) was used.

[0138] [Preparation of polarizing plate (7)] A polarizing plate (7) consisting of a glass substrate / vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film was obtained in the same manner as in the preparation of the polarizing plate (3), except that the optically absorptive anisotropic film-forming composition (6) was used.

[0139] In the comparative example, a polarizing plate (6) and a polarizing plate (7) were laminated in this order from the side farthest from the light source so that the absorption axes were as follows. Polarizing plate (6) In-plane 0° direction ·Polarizing plate (7) Vertical direction

[0140] In the appearance evaluation of the comparative example, the hue from the 0° direction was “black”, the hue from the 90° direction was “colorless”, and the hue from the perpendicular direction was “black”. From these results, it was confirmed that the laminate according to the comparative example did not exhibit different hues depending on the viewing direction.

[0141] The gist of the present disclosure is as follows: [1] to [6] [1] A laminate comprising a horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film A having a dichroic dye compound A, a horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film B having a dichroic dye compound B, and a vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film C having a dichroic dye compound C, wherein the absorption axis of the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film A and the absorption axis of the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film B are perpendicular to each other in an in-plane direction, the absorption axis of the vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film C is aligned in a vertical direction perpendicular to the in-plane direction, and the maximum absorption wavelength of the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film A, the maximum absorption wavelength of the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film B, and the maximum absorption wavelength of the vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film C are different from one another. [2] The laminate according to [1], wherein the dichroic dye compound A, the dichroic dye compound B, and the dichroic dye compound C are each selected from different hues in the group of cyan, magenta, and yellow or the group of red, green, and blue. [3] The laminate according to [1] or [2], wherein the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film A, the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film B, and the vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film C are all cured products of an optically absorptive anisotropic film-forming composition having a polymerizable liquid crystal compound. [4] The laminate according to [3], wherein in at least one of the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film A, the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film B, and the vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film C, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is a liquid crystal compound that forms a smectic phase. [5] The laminate according to [3] or [4], wherein in all of the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film A, the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film B, and the vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film C, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is a liquid crystal compound that forms a smectic phase. [6] A display device comprising: the laminate according to any one of [1] to [5]; and a light source that outputs light toward the laminate. [Explanation of symbols]

[0142] 1...display device, 2...light source, 3...laminated body, 11A to 11C...polarizing plates.

Claims

1. The present invention includes a horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film A having a dichroic dye compound A, a horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film B having a dichroic dye compound B, and a vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film C having a dichroic dye compound C, the absorption axis of the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film A and the absorption axis of the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film B are perpendicular to each other in the in-plane direction; The absorption axis of the vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film C is aligned along a vertical direction perpendicular to the in-plane direction, A laminate in which the maximum absorption wavelength of the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film A, the maximum absorption wavelength of the horizontally aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film B, and the maximum absorption wavelength of the vertically aligned optically absorptive anisotropic film C are different from one another.

2. 2. The laminate according to claim 1, wherein the dichroic dye compound A, the dichroic dye compound B, and the dichroic dye compound C are each selected from different hues in the group of cyan, magenta, and yellow or the group of red, green, and blue.

3. The laminate according to claim 1 , wherein the horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film A, the horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film B, and the vertically aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film C are all cured products of an optically absorbing anisotropic film-forming composition having a polymerizable liquid crystal compound.

4. The laminate according to claim 3 , wherein in at least one of the horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film A, the horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film B, and the vertically aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film C, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is a liquid crystal compound that forms a smectic phase.

5. The laminate according to claim 3 , wherein in all of the horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film A, the horizontally aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film B, and the vertically aligned optically absorbing anisotropic film C, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is a liquid crystal compound that forms a smectic phase.

6. The laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 5, a light source that outputs light toward the laminate.

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