Injection assembly with movable sleeve

Abstract

To provide an injection assembly.SOLUTION: An injection assembly includes: a syringe barrel which has a proximal end and a distal end, a needle hub at the distal end that forms a skin contact surface, and the needle hub and a needle extending from the distal end of the syringe barrel; and a sleeve which is coupled to the syringe barrel so as to slide and move with respect to the syringe barrel between a position extending to cover the needle and a position where the skin contact surface of the needle hub projects from the sleeve to contact the patient's skin surface, the sleeve having a distal end provided with a slip resistance surface for preventing horizontal movements of the syringe assembly with an insertion force.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] An injection or delivery assembly, such as a syringe assembly, has a movable sleeve that can be retracted during use. The assembly also has a movable member sleeve around the needle to assist in guiding the needle during use and to minimize bending of the needle.

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 826,225, filed March 29, 2019. [Background technology]

[0003] Description of Related Art Needles with lengths in the range of 4 mm to 5 mm can be difficult to insert into a patient if the needle is not perpendicular to the surface of the skin. Shorter lengths require the needle to penetrate the skin in a straight line to ensure proper entry and reduce the risk of the needle bending.

[0004] The insertion of a needle into a patient's skin is determined primarily by the characteristics of the needle, not the characteristics or structure of the needle support, as described in Needle Insertion Modeling; Identifiability and Limitations, L. Barbe, Biomedical Signal Processing and Control 2 (207) 191-198. The insertion of a needle into a patient's skin is generally classified into three phases that affect the depth of injection. The first phase corresponds to the initial contact of the needle with the skin, where the tissue deforms without piercing the surface of the skin. The second phase corresponds to piercing the skin and relaxing the skin when the force of needle insertion stops. The third phase is when the needle is withdrawn and the skin is pulled or stretched as the needle is withdrawn.

[0005] The length of the needle, such as a needle having a length of about 4 mm to 5 mm, is suitable for injecting medication to a specified target depth in the subcutaneous region. The present invention provides a structure that allows the needle to be consistently inserted to a desired target depth. Conventional pen needles have a cannula supported on an axial post extending from a hub. The post forms a narrow portion and a relatively wide base that does not contact the skin during injection. Other pen needles known in the art may have a relatively large distal face of the hub located opposite the injection site and may be slightly tapered at the edge. The edge of the hub engages the skin when the cannula is inserted at an angle to the surface of the patient's skin.

[0006] Various injection devices have been manufactured in which the support structure does not contact the skin during injection or withdrawal of the needle. Other devices have been proposed in which an end face of the device is positioned in contact with the surface of the skin to limit the depth of penetration into the patient.

[0007] Pen injector devices facilitate self-administration of parenteral medications. The pen needle is a component of a needle-based injection system and resides within a doubled ended cannula that is assembled into a plastic hub using adhesive. The hub has internal threads that allow the hub to be bonded to the pen injector device. The pen needle attachment allows the proximal end of the cannula to penetrate through the rubber septum of the medication cartridge, creating a fluid flow path. For many diabetic patients, maintaining control of blood glucose is achieved by administering multiple injections of insulin per day into subcutaneous (SC) tissue using a pen injector delivery device developed to be a convenient and unobtrusive alternative to vials and syringes. Many pen injectors are commercially available in disposable or multi-use configurations, each offering a variety of patient-centric features. The distal pen needle cannula connects with the delivery site and provides a conduit for delivery. The design of the pen needle is intended to allow for reliable delivery to the target tissue site, minimize leakage of injectate, and reduce pain / discomfort and injection-related side effects such as bleeding and bruising. Key design features, namely needle length / gauge and hub face geometry in conjunction with the mechanical structure of the delivery device and the injection technique, affect the success of the injection.

[0008] Injections can be given in the intradermal, subcutaneous and intramuscular (IM) regions of the skin. For many types of injectable medications, including insulin, the SC region is the preferred location for giving injections. See, e.g., Lo Presti, et al., Skin and Subcutaneous thickness at injecting sites in children with diabetes: ultrasound findings and recommendations for giving injection, Pediatric Diabetes (2012). [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0009] [Non-Patent Document 1] Needle Insertion Modeling; Identifiability and Limitations, L. Barbe, Biomedical Signal Processing and Control 2 (207) 191-198 [Non-Patent Document 2] Lo Presti, et al., Skin and Subcutaneous thickness at injecting sites in children with diabetes: ultrasound findings and recommendations for giving injection, Pediatric Diabetes (2012) Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0010] While conventional devices are generally adequate for their intended uses, there continues to be a need for improved devices for controlling the depth of cannula penetration to deliver drugs or medications to selected target areas. [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] The present disclosure discloses delivery and injection assemblies, such as syringe assemblies, to assist in inserting a needle into a patient at a controlled angle and position. In one embodiment, the syringe assembly provides a needle with a retractable sleeve or shield that is movable between a first position extending distally from the needle tip and a second, retracted position for injecting a substance into a patient to a desired depth.

[0012] The syringe assembly of one embodiment includes a syringe barrel having a proximal end for receiving a plunger and a distal end with a needle. A movable sleeve is coupled to the distal end of the syringe, the distal end of the syringe being capable of sliding between an extended position in which the needle is covered by the sleeve and a retracted position in which the needle is exposed. The sleeve may be biased toward the distal end and may be moved to the retracted position by contacting the patient's skin during insertion of the needle into the patient.

[0013] In one embodiment, the assembly includes a syringe having a distal end supporting a cannula and an adapter coupled to the distal end of the syringe. The adapter can be a separate member that is fixed to the syringe barrel or movable from the syringe barrel. The adapter has a body fixed on the distal end of the syringe, a movable slide that slides on the body of the adapter, and a biasing member, such as a spring. In one embodiment, the shield is continuously biased distally relative to the adapter without a mechanical latch or locking mechanism that prevents the shield from sliding on the body of the adapter.

[0014] The adapter body has a substantially cylindrical wall with an open proximal end configured to couple with the distal end of the syringe and an open distal end shaped to allow the distal end of the syringe to protrude from the body. The outer surface of the body has a track, a stop member at the proximal end of the body, and a stop at the distal end of the body. The shield has a guide member that slides within the track of the body and a stop member extending radially outward at the proximal end of the shield. The stop member is configured to contact the distal end of the spring.

[0015] In one embodiment, the movable sleeve is spring biased toward the distal end of the syringe. A flange or collar is coupled to the syringe barrel. The sleeve is attached to the distal end of the syringe and has a sliding movement relative to the syringe and needle. A spring is disposed between the collar and the proximal end of the sleeve and biases the sleeve in a distal direction. The distal end of the sleeve contacts the patient's skin and is moved to a retracted position by an insertion force during penetration of the needle through the skin. The contact of the sleeve with the patient provides sufficient friction against the patient to prevent lateral movement of the syringe assembly and needle relative to the skin surface caused by the insertion force.

[0016] In another embodiment, the syringe assembly includes a syringe barrel with a sleeve coupled to a distal end of the syringe that slides to a retracted position such that the distal end of the syringe can contact the surface of the skin during needle insertion into the patient's skin.

[0017] In one embodiment, a method is provided for introducing a substance into a patient with a syringe barrel having a proximal end and a distal end with a needle extending from the distal end. A sleeve is coupled to the syringe and is movable from an extended position covering the end of the needle to a retracted position relative to the needle. During needle penetration into the skin, the syringe barrel and needle can be oriented at an oblique angle relative to the surface of the patient's skin such that the sleeve contacts the surface of the skin before the tip of the needle contacts the skin. The sleeve remains in contact with the skin during needle insertion into the patient's skin and opposes lateral forces between the needle and the surface of the skin and prevents bending of the needle due to lateral forces relative to the skin. The sleeve is retracted by an insertion force until the distal end of the syringe engages the surface of the skin, limiting the depth of needle penetration. The sleeve is biased to the extended position when the needle is withdrawn from the skin.

[0018] In one embodiment, the syringe includes a sleeve that slides between extended and retracted positions relative to the tip of the syringe, covers the needle when not in use, and retracts during needle penetration into the patient's skin. The sleeve has a body that surrounds the syringe barrel and an end wall with an opening through which the needle can extend when the sleeve is retracted.

[0019] In another embodiment, the injection assembly is a pen needle formed with a sleeve that covers the needle and moves between an extended position and a retracted position. The pen needle is configured to be coupled to a delivery device, such as a standard pen needle delivery device. The pen needle includes a body having a sidewall with an open proximal end and a closed distal end. The needle extends from the distal end to penetrate the patient's skin to inject the patient with a medication. A sleeve is coupled to the pen needle for sliding movement on an outer surface of the sidewall. A biasing member, such as a spring, is provided between the pen needle's sidewall and the movable sleeve to bias the sleeve in a distal direction relative to the body of the pen needle. In one embodiment, the sleeve has an inwardly extending flange at its proximal end that engages with an outwardly extending collar on the pen needle's sidewall to limit sliding movement in the proximal direction. A flange is provided at the distal end of the body to engage a flange on the sleeve to limit sliding movement in the distal direction. A spring is disposed between the distal end of the body sidewall and the distal end of the sleeve to bias the sleeve in a distal direction.

[0020] The features are essentially attained by providing an injection device including a body connected to a fluid supply, a body having a proximal end and a distal end, a needle hub coupled to the distal end of the body and having a skin contacting surface. A needle extends from the distal end of the body. The needle has an axial length, a proximal end coupled to the needle hub, and a distal end remote from the skin contacting surface. A movable sleeve is provided on the body for sliding movement axially relative to the body between an extended position on the body and a retracted position. The sleeve has a proximal end connected to the body and a distal end. The sleeve is deflected in a distal direction in which the distal end of the sleeve is oriented to cover the distal end of the needle. The sleeve is slidable to a retracted position in which the distal end of the contact surface of the needle hub is exposed and in contact with the patient's skin.

[0021] In another embodiment, the syringe assembly includes a syringe barrel having a proximal end and a distal end, a tip at the distal end of the syringe barrel forming a skin contacting surface, and a needle coupled to the distal end of the syringe barrel, and a sleeve coupled to the syringe barrel for sliding movement over the syringe barrel between an extended position covering the needle and a retracted position in which the skin contacting surface at the distal end of the syringe barrel protrudes from the sleeve and contacts the skin surface of a patient.

[0022] A method is provided for introducing a needle into a patient, the method including providing an assembly having a body with a proximal end and a distal end forming a skin contacting surface. The needle is coupled to the distal end of a barrel. A sleeve is coupled to the barrel for sliding movement between an extended position in which the needle is covered and a retracted position in which the needle is exposed. The body and needle are oriented at an angle relative to a surface of the patient's skin, and an insertion force is applied such that the sleeve contacts the surface of the skin to prevent lateral force of the needle relative to the skin surface before the needle contacts and penetrates the skin.

[0023] These and other features of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention, which, taken in conjunction with the drawings, discloses various embodiments of the invention.

[0024] The following is a brief description of the drawings. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0025] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a side view of one embodiment of a syringe assembly showing the sleeve in an extended position. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a side view of the syringe assembly of FIG. 1 showing the sleeve in a retracted position. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is an enlarged side view of the tip of the syringe showing the sleeve in an extended position. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a close-up view of the tip of the syringe showing the sleeve in the retracted position. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is a close-up view of the tip of the syringe, showing the tip of the syringe extending beyond the end of the sleeve. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a side view of the syringe assembly during needle insertion into a patient. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a side view of the syringe assembly showing the needle entering the skin and the sleeve retracted over the syringe barrel. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a side view of the syringe assembly showing the tip of the syringe that contacts the patient's skin during injection of the medication into the patient. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view of a syringe assembly according to another embodiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a partial cross-sectional view of the syringe assembly of FIG. 9 showing the sleeve in a retracted position. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a side view of an alternative embodiment of a pen needle showing the sleeve in an extended position. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a side view of the pen needle showing the sleeve in the retracted position. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a side view of an alternative embodiment of a pen needle showing the sleeve in an extended position. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 is a side view of the pen needle of FIG. 13 showing the sleeve in a retracted position. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 is a side view of a pen needle of a further embodiment showing the sleeve in an extended position. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 is a side view of the pen needle of FIG. 15 showing the sleeve in a retracted position. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 is a side view of another embodiment of a pen needle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0026] Detailed Description of the Invention A delivery assembly or injection assembly refers to a syringe or pen needle having a needle or cannula for injecting a medicine or other substance into a patient. The terms needle and cannula are used interchangeably herein and refer to a thin tubular member having a sharp end for insertion into an injection site of a subject. The distal direction is the direction toward the injection end of the syringe assembly and the proximal direction is the opposite direction. Axial refers to the direction along or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the needle and needle hub, and radial refers to the direction perpendicular to the axial direction.

[0027] Typically, the intradermal layer in adults has a thickness of approximately 2-3 mm, and thus the depth of intradermal injection ranges up to about 3 mm, as measured from the outer surface of the skin. The thickness of the subcutaneous layer varies depending on the patient's age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and the part of the body where the injection is administered. The subcutaneous region has an average thickness of about 7 mm to about 15 mm. Insulin is preferably delivered to the subcutaneous region. In the embodiments described herein, the needle or cannula has a length suitable for penetrating the patient at the intended depth. In various embodiments, the needle or cannula has a length of about 4-8 mm. The length of the needle or cannula refers to the exposed length extending from the distal tip of the syringe, pen needle, or other delivery device.

[0028] The injection assembly is suitable for use in an injection method and is suitable for injecting a drug into a patient. The above preferred embodiments should not be considered limiting. The present disclosure is intended to enable those skilled in the art to implement the various assemblies described without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. It is understood that the numerical limitations herein, i.e. in the specification and claims, are qualified by the modifier "about", such that minor deviations resulting in equivalent results are within the scope of the present invention. Features or dependent claims disclosed in connection with an embodiment or an independent claim can be combined with another embodiment or with different independent claims. Features of one embodiment can be used with another embodiment, unless they are mutually inconsistent.

[0029] The delivery device and / or injection assembly is configured to deliver a medicinal product to a patient. In the described embodiments, the injection assembly can be a syringe, pen needle, or similar device capable of introducing a medicinal product into a patient. The device is configured to assist in the insertion of the needle into the patient while reducing the occurrence of needle bending caused by misalignment with the patient's skin surface.

[0030] 1, the injection assembly of one embodiment is a syringe assembly 10 that includes a body defining a fluid supply for a medicinal product and forming a syringe barrel 12 having a proximal end 14 and a distal end 16. The proximal end 14 receives a movable plunger rod 18 and a stopper 19 for dispensing a substance contained in the syringe assembly.

[0031] A needle hub 20 is coupled to the distal end 16 of the syringe barrel 12 as shown in Figures 1 and 2 to provide a fluid supply of medicinal product. In the embodiment shown, the needle hub 20 is integrally formed with the syringe barrel. As shown, the needle hub 20 includes a needle 22 extending axially therefrom. The needle hub 20 is oriented at the distal end of the syringe barrel 12 and forms the distal tip of the syringe assembly. The needle hub 20 has a body portion 24 with a proximal end 26 and a distal end 28. In the embodiment shown, the distal end 28 has a distal axial face 30 that forms a skin contacting surface of the syringe barrel for contacting a surface of a patient's skin during use. The distal face 30 shown in Figures 1 and 2 is substantially flat and oriented in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the syringe barrel. The distal end of the needle hub may be formed by a plurality of flanges extending radially outwardly and axially to define a substantially flat distal surface 30. The distal surface 30 of the needle hub 20 is axially spaced from the end of the syringe barrel. In the embodiment shown, the needle hub is secured to the end of the syringe barrel. In other embodiments, the hub is formed separately and connected to the syringe barrel. In another embodiment, the distal surface and syringe tip have a convex shape to distribute the insertion force over a predetermined surface area, control the shape and depth of the indentation formed in the skin, and control the depth of needle penetration.

[0032] The needle 22 in the illustrated embodiment has a length of about 4-8 mm and extends from the distal surface 30 of the body 24, although the exposed length of the needle may vary depending on the individual needs of the syringe device. Needles having an exposed length extending from the distal end of the hub of about 4-6 mm are generally intended to penetrate the skin to a depth for injecting a pharmaceutical agent, such as an insulin composition. The needles are generally 28 gauge to 32 gauge. In one embodiment, the needle 22 has an exposed length of about 4 mm and may be a 32 gauge needle. In other embodiments, the needle may have a length of 6 mm or more. The needle is intended to penetrate the skin of a patient, with the distal surface 30 contacting the surface of the skin and limiting the depth of penetration. The distal surface 30 has a shape and size that deforms the surface of the skin in a predetermined configuration and assists in forming an indentation at the surface of the skin in a predetermined configuration, controlling the depth of needle penetration for delivering the pharmaceutical agent to an intended depth. In the embodiment shown, the distal face 30 has a flat surface around the needle 22 and a rounded convex outer edge 23 having a diameter of about 3-5 mm for contacting the surface of the patient's skin.

[0033] The syringe assembly 10 includes a mechanism for assisting the needle 22 during penetration to prevent bending or twisting of the needle against the skin when the needle is at an oblique angle to the surface of the skin. This mechanism contacts the skin prior to and during needle penetration to reduce lateral forces exerted by the needle against the patient's skin. When the needle is inserted into the skin at an oblique angle, lateral or sideways forces are created which can cause the needle to bend due to the short length and gauge of the needle.

[0034] 1 and 2, the syringe barrel 12 includes a movable sleeve 32 that contacts the patient's skin during needle insertion into the skin to aid in penetration and reduce the chance of bending the needle when it is inserted at an oblique angle to the surface of the skin. The sleeve 32 is mounted on the syringe barrel for sliding movement between an extended position, shown in Figures 1 and 3, and a retracted position, shown in Figures 2, 4, and 5.

[0035] The sleeve 32 in the illustrated embodiment has a substantially cylindrical sidewall 34 having an axial passageway 36 with an inner dimension substantially corresponding to the outer dimension of the syringe barrel 12 for sliding movement over the outer surface of the syringe barrel. The sleeve 32 has a cylindrical outer surface and a cylindrical inner surface with an inner dimension substantially corresponding to the outer dimension and outer surface of the syringe barrel 12. The sleeve has an open distal end 38 and an open proximal end 40. In the illustrated embodiment, the sleeve 32 has an axial length that complements the axial length of the hub 20 and needle 22 and rides over the distal end of the syringe barrel. The open distal end 38 of the sleeve 32 has an inner dimension corresponding to the outer dimension of the syringe barrel and slides in the direction of the syringe barrel. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the open distal end 38 may be sized and configured to assist in aligning a vial 37 or other container with the needle for filling the syringe. 3, open end 30 can be sized to receive the neck of a vial 37. In other embodiments, open end 38 is sized to contact the edge of the vial to aid in aligning the needle with a septum 53 on the vial.

[0036] In the embodiment shown, the proximal end of the sleeve includes a stop member shown as a flange 42 extending radially outward from the sleeve 32. The flange 42 may be a separate ring-shaped member that is coupled to the outer surface of the sleeve 32 by press-fitting or by bonding to the sleeve with an adhesive, welding, or other connection mechanism. In other embodiments, the ring-shaped member may be molded integrally with the sleeve as a one-piece unit. In the embodiment shown, the open distal end 38 of the sleeve 32 has an inner diameter substantially equal to the outer diameter of the syringe barrel and slides over the syringe barrel and needle hub. The open distal end 38 has a ring shape that is spaced radially outward from the needle and needle hub to form an annular space between the inner surface of the sleeve and the needle.

[0037] In one embodiment, the syringe barrel 12 includes a ring-shaped stop member, shown as a collar 44, which is coupled to the outer surface of the syringe barrel near the distal end. In the embodiment shown, the collar 44 is fixed to the outer surface of the syringe barrel. The collar 44 may be a separate ring-shaped member that is press-fit onto the syringe barrel or connected by adhesive. In other embodiments, the collar is molded onto the syringe barrel as an integral unit. A spring 46, which forms a biasing member, extends between the sleeve 32 and the collar 44 on the syringe barrel 12, biasing the sleeve toward the distal end to the extended position of FIG. 1. The spring 46 is a coil spring in the embodiment shown, which surrounds the outer surface of the syringe barrel and extends between the collar 44 on the syringe and the flange 42 on the sleeve 32. In the embodiment shown, the spring extends between the proximal end of the sleeve 32 and the collar 44 on the outer surface of the syringe barrel and over the flange 32, such that the spring is not surrounded by the sleeve.

[0038] 1-8, flange 42 has an annular recess 43 formed on its proximal face about the proximal end of sleeve 32 to receive and capture the distal end of spring 46. The distal end of spring 46 may be coupled to flange 42 and sleeve 32 by a friction fit in annular recess 43 or may be connected with an adhesive. Collar 44 includes a similar annular recess 45 sized to receive the proximal end of spring 46. The proximal end of spring 46 may be coupled to collar 44 by a friction fit between an inner surface of the collar and a surface of the syringe barrel, or by an adhesive or other connection mechanism.

[0039] A spring 46 slides over the syringe barrel and biases the sleeve to an extended position where the distal end 38 of the sleeve covers at least a portion of the needle 22. In the extended position, the distal end 38 of the sleeve 32 is at least aligned with or axially spaced distally from the tip of the needle. In the extended position, the distal end of the sleeve can contact the skin before or simultaneously with the needle contacting the patient's skin.

[0040] In one embodiment, the flange 42 is free to slide over the outer surface of the syringe barrel, where it is held in place by the flange 42 and sleeve 32 connecting to the distal end of a spring 46. The spring 46 is secured to the collar 44, and the spring connection to the flange 42 and sleeve 32 prevents separation of the sleeve 32 from the syringe barrel. In this embodiment, the spring 46 has an axial length such that the flange 42 does not extend beyond the distal end of the syringe barrel, thereby allowing the sleeve to slide freely over the syringe barrel.

[0041] In one embodiment, a flange 48 extending radially outwardly from the syringe barrel forms a longitudinally extending track 49 where the flange acts as a stop member on the outer surface of the syringe barrel at its distal end as shown in FIG. 4, limiting outward sliding of the flange 42 and sleeve 32 in the distal direction to retain the sleeve on the syringe barrel. The distal face of the flange 42 can contact the flange 48. In other embodiments, the flange 42 on the sleeve or the sleeve 32 can have an inwardly extending portion 51 that engages the flange 48 to retain the sleeve on the syringe barrel and slide within the track 49. The inwardly extending portion of the flange 42 is spaced from the distal face to form an annular recess 47. Alternatively, the flange 42 has an inwardly extending detent that engages the flange 48 on the syringe barrel. In other embodiments, the flange can have an inwardly projecting detent that slides within a slot formed in the outer surface of the syringe barrel.

[0042] The sleeve 32 is biased by the spring 46 in a manner that allows the sleeve to be retracted when the needle is inserted into a patient and the sleeve contacts the surface of the skin during needle penetration. The sleeve can be retracted to a position that allows the distal end face 30 of the hub 20 to protrude from the distal end of the sleeve and contact the surface of the skin to limit the depth of needle penetration.

[0043] The use of the syringe assembly is shown in Figures 6-8. During use by a patient for self-injection of insulin, the needle is not necessarily perpendicular to the surface of the skin, and thus the needle penetrates at an oblique angle to the surface of the skin. The oblique angle can create lateral forces on a small diameter needle, which can cause the needle to bend, resulting in pain to the patient and improper depth of penetration. The syringe assembly 10 can be positioned at an oblique angle to the surface of the skin 56, as shown in Figure 6. In the position shown in Figure 6, the distal end of the sleeve 32 contacts the surface of the skin before the tip of the needle engages the skin.

[0044] The distal surface 39 of the sleeve's distal end 38 has a slip-resistant surface 41 that provides a textured, sticky, or other non-slip surface to prevent sliding movement of the sleeve's distal end over the surface of the skin 56. The surface texture on the distal end of the sleeve 32 can be, for example, a textured surface, coating, adhesive, sticky material, or other surface with a predetermined coefficient of friction that can prevent or inhibit sliding of the distal end of the sleeve over the skin. The textured surface can be formed by a polymer coating, small dimples, indentations, etc. In one embodiment, the slip-resistant surface is formed by a polymer coating of an elastomeric material, rubber, or other pliable and / or sticky material that provides a coefficient of friction that prevents sliding of the sleeve over the surface of the skin when an insertion force is applied to the device at an oblique angle relative to the skin surface.

[0045] FIG. 7 shows the needle penetrating the patient's skin 56 while the distal end of the sleeve engages the skin and resists lateral sliding movement on the skin due to insertion forces. The slip-resistant distal surface of the skin-contacting surface of the sleeve 32 contacts the skin during insertion and prevents or reduces needle and sleeve sliding caused by lateral forces of the needle against the skin, preventing needle bending. As shown in FIG. 8, full insertion of the needle into the skin causes the distal surface of the hub to protrude from the distal end of the sleeve and fully contact the skin. The distal surface of the hub 30 has a configuration and size that contacts the skin and limits or controls the depth of needle penetration. The distal surface 30 extends from the distal end of the sleeve 32 a distance such that the distal end of the sleeve and the distal end of the hub form a skin-contacting surface, controlling deformation of the skin due to normal insertion forces and controlling the depth of penetration. The distal end 38 of the sleeve 32 contacts the skin and limits the depth of deformation by the distal face of the hub by distributing the insertion force and pressure over a defined surface area. In the retracted position, the sleeve 32 is constrained by a collar 44 on the syringe barrel so that the distal face 39 of the sleeve is in firm contact with the skin during needle insertion. The contact between the skin and the sleeve prevents the distal face of the hub from deeply indenting the skin and preventing the needle from penetrating deeper than intended.

[0046] The distal face of the hub protrudes from the distal end of the sleeve a predetermined distance when the sleeve is in the retracted position. The distal face of the hub may protrude from the distal end of the sleeve a distance of about 1-7 mm, typically 2-3 mm, as indicated by arrow 58 in FIG. 5, to control deformation of the surface of the skin by skin contact with the distal face of the needle hub 20 and the distal face 39 of the sleeve 32. The annular space or gap between the needle hub and the inner edge of the distal end of the sleeve has a radial width that allows the skin to flex and stretch into the annular space in a controlled manner that holds the surface of the skin taut and limits the depth of the indentation formed by the distal end of the needle hub. A spring 46 biases the sleeve into an extended position when the needle is removed from the skin. In the embodiment shown, the sleeve slides freely over the syringe barrel and does not have a locking or latching mechanism to maintain the sleeve in an extended position after use.

[0047] An alternative embodiment of the sleeve is shown in Figures 9 and 10. In this embodiment, the sleeve 50 includes an end wall 52 with an opening 60 that allows the needle to extend from the sleeve when the sleeve is in the retracted position shown in Figure 10. In the embodiment shown, the opening 60 has a size smaller than the outer size of the needle hub 20. The opening 60 has an inner size sufficient to allow the needle to pass without interference while providing minimal clearance to stabilize the needle during insertion and prevent bending of the needle. The structure of the syringe assembly, the actuation spring, and the member for holding the spring are similar to the previous embodiment. The end wall 52 has a distal surface 54 that forms a skin contact surface during use. The end wall 52 is configured to contact the distal end of the needle hub and limit sliding movement of the sleeve in a proximal direction relative to the syringe and hub. In the retracted position shown in Figure 10, the inner surface of the end wall 52 engages the distal end of the hub. End wall 52 has a textured or slip-resistant surface to prevent sliding on the patient's skin, as in the previous embodiment. The method of using the syringe assembly of FIG. 9 is substantially the same as the previous embodiment. Distal surface 54 of sleeve 50 provides a skin contact surface and controls the depth of needle penetration. As in the previous embodiment, the size of distal surface 54 is selected to provide a contact surface to control and limit the depth of needle penetration.

[0048] 11 and 12, another embodiment of an injection assembly is shown in which a pen needle 70 is connected to a pen needle delivery device 72. The pen needle device 72 is a commonly used pen needle delivery device for use in injecting insulin into a patient in controlled doses. The pen needle delivery device includes a cartridge containing a medication, a plunger, and a dose control knob, as known in the art. The pen needle delivery device is configured to deliver a selected dose of the medication to the patient through the pen needle 70.

[0049] Pen needle 70 has a substantially cylindrical body 74 with a sidewall 76 and an open proximal end 78 for coupling with a delivery device by internal threads on the inner surface of sidewall 76. A distal end 80 of body 74 includes an end wall 81 with a distal face and a tower 82 extending distally along an axis from the body. Tower 82 has an end surface 84 facing the axis and a needle 86 extending axially from axial end surface 84. End surface 84 defines a skin contacting surface that contacts the skin and limits the depth to which the needle penetrates into a patient's skin during injection of a medicinal drug.

[0050] The sleeve 88 is coupled to the body 74 so as to fly between an extended position shown in FIG. 11 and a retracted position shown in FIG. 12. The sleeve 88 has a substantially cylindrical sidewall 90 with an open proximal end 92 and an open distal end 94 with a predetermined inner dimension, and slides over the sidewall 76 of the body. A spring 96 is provided between the body 74 and the sleeve 88 to bias the sleeve distally relative to the pen needle. In the embodiment shown, the spring 96 is a coil spring about the inner surface of the sidewall 90. The spring 96 can extend between the distal end of the sleeve 88 and the end wall 81.

[0051] As shown in FIG. 11, the pen needle body 74 has an outwardly extending member 98 at the proximal end 76 for limiting the length of travel of the sleeve 88 in the proximal direction. A member 100 extends radially outward from the distal end of the sidewall 76 at the distal end 80 of the body 74 to limit the travel of the sleeve in the distal direction. Although the outwardly extending member 98 and the outwardly extending member 100 are shown as radial flanges, other shapes, sizes and configurations suitable for limiting the travel of the sleeve can be used. In the embodiment shown, the members 98 and 100 are integrally formed with the sidewall 76 at the open proximal end of the sidewall. In other embodiments, the members 98 and 100 can be separate annular members secured to the sidewall 76 by friction fit, adhesive or welding. Sleeve 88 has an inwardly extending member, shown as flange 102, at the proximal end of the sleeve which is received between flanges 98 and 100 for sliding movement to limit movement of the sleeve relative to the body 74 of the pen needle. Flange 102 has an inner diameter which corresponds to the outer diameter of sidewall 76. An inwardly extending member, such as flange 104, is provided at the distal end of the sleeve for capturing spring 96. Spring 96 extends between a distal face of member 100 of sidewall 81 of body 74 and an inner face of flange 104 to bias sleeve 88 outwardly in a distal direction relative to the pen needle.

[0052] A flange 104 at the distal end of the sleeve is sized to hold the spring 96 and is wide enough to allow the axial surface 84 to protrude through the opening and contact the skin with the axial surface 84 of the body when the needle is inserted into the skin. The sleeve 88 is biased to an extended position as shown in FIG. 11, where the sleeve extends at least as far as the needle 86, typically beyond the tip of the needle. During insertion of the needle into the patient's skin, the distal end of the sleeve contacts the patient's skin before the needle in a manner similar to the previous embodiment. A slip-resistant surface 105 at the distal end of the sleeve prevents the sleeve from sliding over the skin. Continued insertion of the needle causes the sleeve to retract to the position shown in FIG. 12, with the needle 86 protruding from the distal end of the sleeve 88. The insertion force brings the surface of the skin into contact with the distal end of the sleeve and the axial surface 84 of the tower 82, controlling the deformation of the skin surface and thereby controlling the shape and configuration of the cavity and the depth of needle penetration. Tower 82 has an axial length such that, when the sleeve is retracted, the axial face of tower 82 is recessed from, flush with, or protrudes beyond the end wall 104 of the sleeve. Proximal movement of the sleeve is limited by the spring in compression and flange 102 in contact with flange 88.

[0053] Figures 13 and 14 show a further embodiment of a pen needle which, except for the skin-contacting surface of the pen needle, is substantially similar to the embodiment of Figures 11 and 12. The body 74, sleeve 88, and spring 96 of the pen needle are substantially similar and are identified by the same reference numerals.

[0054] In the embodiment of Figures 13 and 14, the tower 82 of the body extends axially in a distal direction. The axial end face 100 of the tower 82 is formed with a convex distal surface and defines a skin contact surface during injection of a medicinal agent into a patient. The convex surface extends between the outer periphery 102 of the tower and a central portion 114 about the needle 86. The central portion 112 about the needle defines the outermost distal end of the convex surface 110. A conical portion 116 extends from the periphery 112 of the tower toward the central portion 114. The central portion 114 protrudes from the conical portion 116. The central portion 114 of one embodiment can be a ring-shaped protrusion extending distally from the conical portion 116. The outer periphery may be formed with a ring-shaped projection 118 extending from the conical portion 116 to define an annular recess and a bottom surface of the recess forming a conical surface of the conical portion 116 .

[0055] As shown in FIG. 14, the sleeve 88 is contracted by the insertion force of the pen needle towards the surface of the patient's skin 120. In the contracted position, the sleeve 88 is contracted to a position where the distal end of the tower protrudes from the distal end of the sleeve. The central portion 114 of the distal face contacts the surface of the skin during the insertion of the needle 86 into the patient, and the central portion creates an indentation in the skin 120 due to skin repulsion. The penetration force then brings the cone-shaped portion 116 into contact with the skin, distributing pressure and controlling the deformation of the skin and the depth of the indentation by the central portion, thereby controlling the depth of needle penetration. After injection, the needle is withdrawn from the patient and the sleeve returns to its original position of FIG. 13, covering the needle.

[0056] 15 and 16 show another embodiment of a pen needle 122 of the present invention. The pen needle includes a body 124 having a side wall 126 with an open proximal end 128 and a distal end 130. An end wall is provided at the distal end of the body 124 forming a closed distal end. An outwardly extending flange 134 projects from the proximal end of the side wall 126. A tower 136 projects from the end wall to support a needle 138 for injecting medication into a patient.

[0057] A sleeve 140 is coupled to the body 140 of the pen needle for sliding movement between an extended position, shown in FIG 15, and a retracted position, shown in FIG 16. The sleeve has a substantially cylindrical side wall 142 with an open proximal end 144 having a predetermined inner dimension to receive and slide over the body of the pen needle. The sleeve has a distal end with an end wall 146. An opening 148 is formed in the end wall and is sized to allow the needle 138 to pass therethrough when the sleeve is moved to the retracted position. In the embodiment shown, the tower of the body of the pen needle does not extend through the opening in the end wall.

[0058] A spring 150 is provided on the outer surface of the body sidewall 142 and extends between a flange 134 at the proximal end of the sidewall and a proximal end 144 of the sleeve 140 to bias the sleeve to an extended position. As shown, the sidewall 142 has an outwardly extending flange that forms an annular recess for capturing and retaining the spring 150. In use, the pen needle is placed against the surface of the patient's skin and an insertion force is applied. The sleeve engages the skin to resist sliding or lateral movement of the pen needle over the surface of the skin during needle insertion. As in the previous embodiment, the end wall has a slip-resistant surface that can resist sliding of the sleeve against the skin surface during needle insertion. As the needle is inserted into the patient to the position shown in FIG. 16, the sleeve slides to a retracted position. The distal surface of the sleeve end wall forms a skin contacting surface to control deformation of the skin and limit the depth of needle penetration. In another embodiment, shown in FIG. 17, the distal end of the body 124 does not have a stop or retaining member, so that the sleeve 140 is retained in the body 124 by a spring secured to an outwardly extending flange that forms an annular recess for capturing and retaining the spring 150.

[0059] The above embodiments and advantages are illustrative and are not intended to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The description of alternative embodiments is intended to be illustrative and not limiting the scope of the present invention. Various modifications, changes, and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art and are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. It is specifically noted that the features of different embodiments and claims can be combined with each other unless they are mutually inconsistent. Therefore, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. a syringe barrel having a proximal end and a distal end, a needle hub at the distal end, the distal end of the needle hub forming a skin contacting surface, and a needle extending from the needle hub and the distal end of the syringe barrel; a sleeve connected to the syringe barrel for sliding movement relative to the syringe barrel between an extended position covering the needle and a retracted position in which the skin contacting surface of the needle hub protrudes from the sleeve and contacts a skin surface of a patient, the sleeve having a distal end with a slip resistant surface to prevent lateral movement of the syringe assembly due to insertion forces; an injection assembly including:

2. 2. The injection assembly of claim 1, wherein the syringe barrel includes a collar secured to an outer surface of the syringe barrel, and a spring surrounding the syringe barrel and disposed between the collar and a proximal end of the sleeve to bias the sleeve in a distal direction.

3. The injection assembly of claim 2 , wherein the sleeve has an open distal end having a dimension that exceeds a dimension of the skin contacting surface at the distal end of the syringe barrel.

4. The injection assembly of claim 3 , wherein the sleeve has a proximal end with an outwardly extending flange connected to a distal end of the spring.

5. 5. The injection assembly of claim 4, wherein the collar on the syringe barrel has an annular recess that receives and is connected to the proximal end of the spring, and the flange on the sleeve has a proximal surface with an annular recess that receives and is connected to the distal end of the spring.

6. 1. A method of introducing a needle into a patient, comprising: providing an injection assembly having a body with a proximal end and a distal end forming a skin-contacting surface, a needle coupled to the distal end, and a sleeve coupled to the body for sliding movement between an extended position in which the needle is covered and a retracted position exposing the needle, the sleeve having a skin-contacting surface with a slip-resistant surface; orienting the body and needle at an angle relative to a patient's skin surface and applying an insertion force, the sleeve contacting the skin surface before the needle contacts and penetrates the skin to prevent lateral force of the needle relative to the skin surface; The method includes:

7. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the body of the injection assembly is a syringe barrel, and the sleeve is coupled to the syringe barrel so as to slide over the syringe barrel.

8. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the body of the injection assembly is a pen needle having a sidewall, a distal end forming the skin contacting surface, and the sleeve is slidingly coupled to the sidewall, the sleeve having an open distal end sized to accommodate the skin contacting surface when the sleeve is in a retracted position, and the skin contacting surface protrudes from the open end of the sleeve.

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