Composition and method for coating on skin

Abstract

To provide a composition that modifies a function and an external appearance of skin, and protects skin, is thin and durable, non-invasive, is simply used, and has skin-like properties.SOLUTION: A composition that can be used for producing a thin film on skin of a subject by a single coating step on the skin of the subject includes: (a) at least one transition metal; (b) at least one unsaturated organic polymer; (c) at least one hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane; and (d) at least one ligand having a concentration enough for decelerating crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane, where these components do not need to be mixed before application on skin.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 737,652, filed Sep. 27, 2018, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 1.Technical Field Described herein are compositions, devices and methods that modify the function and appearance of skin and protect the skin by forming a layer over the skin of a subject that is thin, durable, non-invasive, easy to use and has skin-like properties. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent documents 1 to 4 disclose compositions and polymeric materials suitable for skin care products for cosmetic and therapeutic applications. The synthesis and application of elastic, wearable crosslinkable polymer layers (XPLs) that mimic the properties of normal youthful skin is described in Non-Patent Document 1. Current methods for reducing the appearance of skin defects, such as wrinkles, fine lines, age spots, enlarged pores or scars, include invasive and non-invasive methods and compositions. Invasive techniques such as surgery, fillers (e.g., Restylane, Juvéderm), laser resurfacing or Botox® can provide long-lasting results and treat significant defects. However, many consumers either cannot afford or do not want to undergo such drastic cosmetic procedures.

[0003] Examples of non-invasive methods include applying foundation-based cosmetics to the skin to hide imperfections, or applying cosmetic compositions containing ingredients that can reduce the appearance of imperfections over time (e.g., anti-wrinkle creams).Unfortunately, foundation-based cosmetics are not durable and cannot reduce the appearance of noticeable skin imperfections such as deep wrinkles or scars, and cosmetic compositions containing ingredients that reduce the appearance of imperfections take time to take effect and cannot reduce the appearance of imperfections significantly.In particular, many of the current cosmetic compositions do not have the mechanical properties necessary to reduce the appearance of noticeable imperfections.

[0004] High molecular weight polymers, including proteins and polysaccharides, have been used in attempts to develop anti-aging skin care cosmetic compositions (Non-Patent Document 2). Although the polymers change the physical properties of the skin (e.g., elasticity and stiffness) when applied to the skin, they do not withstand natural repetitive facial movements during prolonged wear. Commercially available polymeric materials used in skin care products today do not necessarily provide the elasticity, environmental resistance, and adhesion to the skin for long-lasting product performance, nor do they provide the aesthetics and appearance desired by cosmetic consumers.

[0005] Skin acts as a protective barrier against the outside world. When injured, a series of reactions are triggered to repair the damaged tissue. Wound healing is a complex process that progresses through four stages (inflammation, proliferation, remodeling, and epithelialization) to repair the damaged site. Wound healing is a natural process, but disruptions to the associated events can lead to incomplete healing and further tissue damage. Current methods of treating wounds include the application of dressings to the wound to prevent bleeding, prevent infection, and promote healing. Wound dressings are often made of breathable materials (e.g., gauze). Occlusive dressings are used on wounds, but the effects of sealing wound skin have not been fully elucidated (e.g., Non-Patent Document 3). However, current methods of using occlusion on wound skin are unsatisfactory because previous occlusive dressings are not durable, convenient, and long-lasting. In addition, some current occlusive dressings require the subject to wrap plastic around the treatment site, which makes the treatment cumbersome and uncomfortable, reducing subject compliance. Finally, current occlusive coverings do not allow for the regulation of the wound's exposure to the environment based on the nature of the wound. For example, current occlusive dressings are designed to exclude both air and water and generally cannot be exposed to one but not the other. Commercially available polymeric materials used in therapeutic products today do not always provide the elasticity, environmental resistance, and adhesion to the skin that will sustain the product's performance over time, nor do they provide the aesthetics and appearance that therapeutic product consumers desire. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2012 / 030984 [Patent Document 2] International Publication No. 2012 / 030993 [Patent Document 3] International Publication No. 2013 / 044098 [Patent Document 4] International Publication No. 2017 / 083398 [Non-patent literature]

[0007] [Non-Patent Document 1] Yu, Betty, et al. “An elastic second skin,” Nature materials 15.8 (2016): 911 [Non-Patent Document 2] Jachowicz et al., Skin Res. and Tech., 2008, 14:312-319 [Non-Patent Document 3] Leow and Maibach; J Dermatol Treat, (1997) 8, 139-142 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0008] Thus, there is a need for compositions, devices and methods that modify the function and appearance of the skin and protect the skin. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] Microencapsulation is a technique in which a solid, liquid, or gaseous active ingredient is encapsulated in a second material, isolating the active ingredient from the surrounding environment. That is, the active ingredient is designated as the core material, while the surrounding materials form the shell. The technique has been applied in various fields such as chemistry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and printing. Casanova et al., Journal of microencapsulation 33.1(2016):1-17 and Dubey et al., Defense Science Journal 59.1(2009):82-95.

[0010] 3. Summary The compositions provided herein can be used to create a thin film on the skin of a subject in a single application step to the skin of the subject. More specifically, the compositions provided herein do not need to be stored in multiple compartments or mixed with other compositions or ingredients prior to application to the skin. Instead, a single composition can be manufactured, stored in a single compartment, and then applied to the skin of a subject to create a film on the skin of the subject. In certain embodiments, since the compositions provided herein do not need to be mixed prior to application to the skin, a container containing the compositions provided herein can also include an applicator suitable for applying the composition to the skin. The ligand (see Section 6.1.1), without being bound by theory, slows down or inhibits cross-linking reactions between other components of such single-component formulations. The encapsulating agent (see Section 6.1.2), without being bound by theory, slows down or inhibits cross-linking reactions between other components of such single-component formulations.

[0011] Provided herein is a composition comprising: (a) at least one transition metal; (b) at least one unsaturated organic polymer; (c) at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane; and (d) at least one ligand in a concentration sufficient to slow down a crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein these components can be combined and stored together in a mixture without significant crosslinking.

[0012] Provided herein is a composition comprising: (a) at least one transition metal; (b) at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; (c) at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane; and (d) at least one ligand in a concentration sufficient to slow down a crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein these components can be combined and stored together in a mixture without significant crosslinking.

[0013] Provided herein are compositions comprising: (a) at least one transition metal; (b) at least one unsaturated organic polymer; (c) at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane; and (d) at least one encapsulating agent, wherein the encapsulating agent slows down or inhibits the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane by forming a physical or chemical barrier, such as a microcapsule, between the transition metal and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that the components may be combined and stored together as a mixture without significant crosslinking.

[0014] Provided herein are compositions comprising: (a) at least one transition metal; (b) at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; (c) at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane; and (d) at least one encapsulating agent, wherein the encapsulating agent slows down or inhibits the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane by forming a physical or chemical barrier, such as a microcapsule, between the transition metal and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that the components may be combined and stored together as a mixture without significant crosslinking.

[0015] In one embodiment, the components provided herein are mixed together and stored as a homogenous mixture. In one embodiment, the components provided herein are mixed together and stored as a heterogenous mixture, such as a suspension or emulsion.

[0016] In one embodiment, the compositions provided herein can be stored at about -5, 0, 5, 10, 15, 25, 30, 35, or 40°C without visible change. In one embodiment, the compositions provided herein can be stored for about 30, 60, 90, 120, or 180 days, or for about 1, 2, or 3 years without visible change. In one embodiment, the compositions provided herein can be stored with light. In one embodiment, the compositions provided herein are stored without light. In one embodiment, the compositions provided herein are stored in a light-proof container. In one embodiment, the compositions provided herein are stored in a soundproof container. In one embodiment, the compositions provided herein are stored in a shock-resistant container. In one embodiment, the compositions provided herein are stored in a thermally insulated container. In one embodiment, the compositions provided herein are stored in an electromagnetically shielded container.

[0017] In one embodiment, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture at about 25° C. for about 30 days without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture at about 25° C. for about 60 days without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture at about 25° C. for about 90 days without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture at about 25° C. for about 120 days without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture at about 25° C. for about 180 days without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture at about 25° C. for about 365 days without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture at about 25° C. for about 730 days without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture at about 25° C. for about 3 years without significant crosslinking.

[0018] In one embodiment, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture for about 30 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture for about 60 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture for about 90 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture for about 120 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture for about 180 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture for about 365 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together in a mixture without significant crosslinking for about 730 days at about 25° C. In one embodiment, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together in a mixture without significant crosslinking for about 3 years at about 25° C.

[0019] In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent forms a physical or chemical barrier, such as a microcapsule, between the transition metal and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, slows or inhibits the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture for about 30 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent forms a physical or chemical barrier, such as a microcapsule, between the transition metal and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, slows or inhibits the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture for about 60 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent forms a physical or chemical barrier, such as a microcapsule, between the transition metal and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, slows or inhibits the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture for about 90 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent forms a physical or chemical barrier, such as a microcapsule, between the transition metal and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, slows down or inhibits the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together in a mixture without significant crosslinking for about 120 days at about 25° C. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent forms a physical or chemical barrier, such as a microcapsule, between the transition metal and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, slows down or inhibits the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together in a mixture without significant crosslinking for about 180 days at about 25° C. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent forms a physical or chemical barrier, such as a microcapsule, between the transition metal and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, slows down or inhibits the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together in a mixture without significant crosslinking for about 365 days at about 25° C.In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent forms a physical or chemical barrier, such as a microcapsule, between the transition metal and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, slows down or inhibits the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together in a mixture without significant crosslinking for about 730 days at about 25° C. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent forms a physical or chemical barrier, such as a microcapsule, between the transition metal and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, slows down or inhibits the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together in a mixture without significant crosslinking for about 3 years at about 25° C.

[0020] In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent forms a physical or chemical barrier, such as a microcapsule, between the transition metal and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, slows down or inhibits the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together in a mixture without significant crosslinking for about 30 days at about 25° C. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent forms a physical or chemical barrier, such as a microcapsule, between the transition metal and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, slows down or inhibits the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together in a mixture without significant crosslinking for about 60 days at about 25° C. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent forms a physical or chemical barrier, such as a microcapsule, between the transition metal and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, slows down or inhibits the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together in a mixture without significant crosslinking for about 90 days at about 25° C. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent forms a physical or chemical barrier, such as a microcapsule, between the transition metal and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, slows down or inhibits the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together in a mixture without significant crosslinking for about 120 days at about 25° C. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent forms a physical or chemical barrier, such as a microcapsule, between the transition metal and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, slows down or inhibits the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together in a mixture without significant crosslinking for about 180 days at about 25° C. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent forms a physical or chemical barrier, such as a microcapsule, between the transition metal and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, slows down or inhibits the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together in a mixture without significant crosslinking for about 365 days at about 25° C.In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent forms a physical or chemical barrier, such as a microcapsule, between the transition metal and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, slows down or inhibits the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together in a mixture without significant crosslinking for about 730 days at about 25° C. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent forms a physical or chemical barrier, such as a microcapsule, between the transition metal and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, slows down or inhibits the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together in a mixture without significant crosslinking for about 3 years at about 25° C.

[0021] In one embodiment, the transition metal can form a film on the skin of a subject by crosslinking the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. In one embodiment, the transition metal can form a film on the skin of a subject by crosslinking the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. In one embodiment, the composition is configured such that the transition metal cannot catalyze the crosslinking reaction before film formation is desired (e.g., before application to the skin of the subject), thereby allowing a single composition of catalyst and functional component to be formulated.

[0022] In one embodiment, the ligand slows down the crosslinking reaction. In one embodiment, the ligand slows down the crosslinking reaction through complexation or coordination. In one embodiment, the ligand is selected from the group consisting of divinyltetramethyldisilane, linear vinylsiloxanes, cyclic vinylsiloxanes, tris(vinylsiloxy)siloxanes, tetrakis(vinylsiloxy)silanes, vinyl ketones, vinyl esters, acetylenic alcohols, sulfides, mercaptans, divinyldisiloxanes, divinyltrisiloxanes, divinyltetrasiloxanes, divinyldimethicones, 1,5-divinyl-3-phenylpentamethyltrisiloxane, 1,1,5,5-tetramethyl-3,3-diphenyl-1,5-divinyltrisiloxane, trivinyltrisiloxane, tetrakis(vinylsiloxy)silane ... trivinyltrisiloxane, trivinyltrisiloxane, trivinyltrisiloxane, trivinyltrisiloxane, trivinyltrisiloxane, trivinyltrisiloxane, trivinyltrisiloxane, trivinyltrisiloxane, trivinyltrisiloxane, trivinyltrisiloxane, trivinyltrisiloxane, trivinyltrisiloxane, trivinyltrisiloxane, trivinyltrisiloxane, trivinyltrisiloxane, trivinyltrisiloxane, trivinyltrisiloxane, trivinyltrisilox The ligands are selected from the group consisting of trimethylcyclotrisiloxane, tetravinyltetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane, pentavinylpentamethylcyclopentasiloxane, hexavinylhexamethylcyclohexasiloxane, tris(vinyldimethylsiloxy)silane, tetrakis(vinyldimethylsiloxy)silane, methacryloxypropyltris(vinyldimethylsiloxy)silane, dimethyl fumarate, dimethyl maleate, methyl vinyl ketone, methoxybutanol, methylisobutynol, ethyl mercaptan, diethyl sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, and dimethyl disulfide. In one embodiment, the ligand is divinyltetramethyldisilane, linear vinylsiloxane, cyclic vinylsiloxane, tris(vinylsiloxy)siloxane, or tetrakis(vinylsiloxy)silane. In one embodiment, the ligand is vinyl ketone, vinyl ester, acetylenic alcohol, sulfide, or mercaptan. In one embodiment, the ligand is divinyldisiloxane, divinyltrisiloxane, divinyltetrasiloxane, or divinyldimethicone. In one embodiment, the ligand is 1,5-divinyl-3-phenylpentamethyltrisiloxane or 1,1,5,5-tetramethyl-3,3-diphenyl-1,5-divinyltrisiloxane. In one embodiment, the ligand is trivinyltrimethylcyclotrisiloxane, tetravinyltetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane, pentavinylpentamethylcyclopentasiloxane, or hexavinylhexamethylcyclohexasiloxane.In one embodiment, the ligand is tris(vinyldimethylsiloxy)silane, tetrakis(vinyldimethylsiloxy)silane, or methacryloxypropyltris(vinyldimethylsiloxy)silane. In one embodiment, the ligand is dimethyl fumarate, dimethyl maleate, methyl vinyl ketone, or methoxybutanone. In one embodiment, the ligand is methylisobutynol. In one embodiment, the ligand is ethyl mercaptan, diethyl sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, or dimethyl disulfide. In one embodiment, the ligand is butadiene, pentadiene, hexadiene, heptadiene, or octadiene. In one embodiment, the ligand is methylbutadiene, methylpentadiene, methylhexadiene, methylheptadiene, or methyloctadiene. In one embodiment, the ligand is ethylbutadiene, ethylpentadiene, ethylhexadiene, ethylheptadiene, or ethyloctadiene. In one embodiment, the ligand is dimethylbutadiene, dimethylpentadiene, dimethylhexadiene, dimethylheptadiene, dimethylloctadiene, or xylene.

[0023] In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent slows down or inhibits the crosslinking reaction. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent slows down or inhibits the crosslinking reaction by a physical or chemical barrier such as a microcapsule between the transition metal and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, where the microcapsule has a shell formed by the encapsulating agent and a core formed by the transition metal or a core formed by the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a polysaccharide, a protein, a lipid, or a synthetic polymer. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a polysaccharide, where the polysaccharide is a gum, starch, cellulose, cyclodextrin, or chitosan. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a protein, where the protein is gelatin, casein, or soy protein. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a lipid, where the lipid is a wax, paraffin, or oil. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a synthetic polymer, the synthetic polymer being an acrylic polymer, polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyester, polyether, polyurethane, polyurea, polyimide, polyamide, polysulfone, polycarbonate, polyphosphate, or copolymers thereof. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is an inorganic material. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is an inorganic material, the inorganic material being a silicate, clay, or polyphosphate. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a biopolymer or a biodegradable polymer. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a biopolymer, the biopolymer being a starch. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a biodegradable polymer, the biodegradable polymer being chitosan, hyaluronic acid, cyclodextrin, alginate, an aliphatic polyester, or a copolymer of lactic acid and glycolic acid. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is an aliphatic polyester, the aliphatic polyester being poly(lactic acid). In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a copolymer of lactic acid and glycolic acid, wherein the copolymer of lactic acid and glycolic acid is poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid).In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is polyurethane 1, polyurethane 11, polyurethane 14, polyurethane 6, polyurethane 2, polyurethane 18, or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is polyurethane 1. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a self-assembling polymer. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a network-forming inorganic dispersion system. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a network-forming inorganic-organic hybrid system.

[0024] In one embodiment, the activity of the ligand to slow down the crosslinking reaction can be reduced or eliminated by evaporation of the ligand, decomposition of the ligand, phase transformation of the ligand, chemical decomposition of the ligand, deactivation of the ligand, use of vibrational energy, or with electromagnetic waves. In one embodiment, deactivation of the ligand can be triggered chemically, by exposure to heat or light. In one embodiment, the chemical is an oxidizing agent. In one embodiment, the chemical is a reducing agent. In one embodiment, the oxidizing agent is oxygen.

[0025] In one embodiment, the activity of the encapsulating agent to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction can be reduced or eliminated by decomposition of a physical or chemical barrier such as a microcapsule. In one embodiment, the activity of the encapsulating agent to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction can be reduced or eliminated by mechanical action, sound, heat, light, dissolution, diffusion, decomposition, use of a solvent, pH change, temperature change, pressure, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the mechanical action is rubbing. In one embodiment, heat causes evaporation of the encapsulating agent.

[0026] In one embodiment, the activity of the encapsulating agent to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction can be reduced or eliminated by phase transformation of the encapsulating agent, chemical decomposition of the encapsulating agent, inactivation of the encapsulating agent, use of vibrational energy, or electromagnetic waves. In one embodiment, the inactivation of the encapsulating agent can be triggered by exposure to sound, chemical, heat, or light. In one embodiment, the chemical is an oxidizing agent. In one embodiment, the chemical is a reducing agent. In one embodiment, the oxidizing agent is oxygen.

[0027] In one embodiment, the ligand is a volatile ligand. In one embodiment, the ligand is volatile at about 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, or 70° C. In one embodiment, the ligand is volatile at about 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, or 50° C. In one embodiment, the ligand is volatile at about 20, 25, 30, 35, or 40° C. In one embodiment, the ligand is volatile at about 35° C. In one embodiment, the ligand is volatile at about 25° C.

[0028] In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a volatile material. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is volatile at about 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, or 70° C. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is volatile at about 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, or 50° C. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is volatile at about 20, 25, 30, 35, or 40° C. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is volatile at about 35° C. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is volatile at about 25° C.

[0029] In one embodiment, the volatile ligand is divinyltetramethyldisilane, divinyldisiloxane, divinyltrisiloxane, trivinyltrimethylcyclotrisiloxane, tetravinyltetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane, tris(vinyldimethylsiloxy)silane, tetrakis(vinyldimethylsiloxy)silane, butadiene, pentadiene, hexadiene, heptadiene, octadiene, xylene, dimethylhexadiene, methylbutadiene, dimethylmaleate, methylvinylketone, methylisobutynol, ethylmercaptan, diethylsulfide, hydrogen sulfide, or dimethyldisulfide.

[0030] In one embodiment, the ligand is an electromagnetically driven ligand. In one embodiment, the electromagnetically driven ligand is a platinum complex of triazine. In one embodiment, the platinum complex of triazine is tetrakis(1-phenyl-3-hexyl-triazenido)Pt(IV), a Pt(II)-phosphine complex, a platinum / oxalate complex, a Pt(II)-bis-(diketonate), a dicarbonyl-Pt(IV)R3 complex, or a sulfoxide-Pt(II) complex.

[0031] In one embodiment, the ligand is a heat-sensitive ligand. In one embodiment, the heat-sensitive ligand is a platinum complex of triazine. In one embodiment, the platinum complex of triazine is tetrakis(1-phenyl-3-hexyl-triazenido)Pt(TV) or a Pt(II)-phosphine complex. In one embodiment, the ligand is a low temperature sensitive ligand.

[0032] In one embodiment, the ligand is an acoustically driven ligand, in which energy from sound waves can release a catalyst (e.g., platinum) from the ligand complex.

[0033] In one embodiment, the ligand is 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane. In one embodiment, the ligand is 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethyl-1,5-divinyltrisiloxane. In one embodiment, the ligand is 1,5-divinyl-3-phenylpentamethyltrisiloxane. In one embodiment, the ligand is 1,1,5,5-tetramethyl-3,3-diphenyl-1,5-divinyltrisiloxane. In one embodiment, the ligand is 1,3,5-trivinyl-1,3,5-trimethylcyclotrisiloxane. In one embodiment, the ligand is 2,4,6,8-tetramethyltetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane. In one embodiment, the ligand is 1,3,5,7,9-pentamethyl-1,3,5,7,9-pentavinylcyclopentasiloxane. In one embodiment, the ligand is tris(vinyldimethylsiloxy)methylsilane. In one embodiment, the ligand is tetrakis(vinyldimethylsiloxy)silane. In one embodiment, the ligand is methacryloxypropyltris(vinyldimethylsiloxy)silane. In one embodiment, the ligand is 1,2-divinyltetramethyldisilane. In one embodiment, the ligand is methyl vinyl ketone. In one embodiment, the ligand is dimethyl maleate. In one embodiment, the ligand is dimethyl fumarate. In one embodiment, the ligand is (3E)-4-methoxy-3-buten-2-one. In one embodiment, the ligand is (E)-2-ethylhex-2-enal. In one embodiment, the ligand is pent-l-en-3-one. In one embodiment, the ligand is maleic acid. In one embodiment, the ligand is 1,5-hexadiene, 1,4-hexadiene, 2,4-hexadiene.

[0034] In one embodiment, the ligand is a polymer having at least one unsaturated group, a functional group having a lone pair of electrons, or a functional group capable of acting as an electron donor, hi one embodiment, the ligand is a divinyldisiloxane.

[0035] In one embodiment, the ligand is a platinum poison.

[0036] In one embodiment, the ligand is a siloxane polymer having at least one unsaturated group. In one embodiment, the ligand is a vinyl-containing siloxane polymer. In one embodiment, the ligand is a divinyl-containing siloxane polymer. In one embodiment, the ligand is a divinyl-containing disiloxane. In one embodiment, the ligand is a divinyltrisiloxane or a divinyltetrasiloxane.

[0037] In one embodiment, the transition metal is platinum.

[0038] In one embodiment, the molar ratio of transition metal to ligand is from about 10:1 to about 1:10000. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of transition metal to ligand is from about 1:250 to about 1:750. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of transition metal to ligand is about 1:500. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of vinyl to functional hydrogenation is from about 1:10 to about 1:100. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of vinyl to functional hydrogenation is from about 1:15 to about 1:90. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of vinyl to functional hydrogenation is from about 1:25 to about 1:70. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of vinyl to functional hydrogenation is from about 1:30 to about 1:60. In one embodiment, the viscosity of the composition is from about 5,000 to 700,000 cSt or cP at about 25° C. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane to the ligand is about 10:1 to about 1:10000. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane to the ligand is about 1:250 to about 1:750. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane to the ligand is about 1:500.

[0039] In one embodiment, the molar ratio of transition metal or hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane to the encapsulating agent is between about 10:1 and about 1:10000. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of transition metal to the encapsulating agent is between about 1:250 and about 1:750. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of transition metal to the encapsulating agent is between about 1:500. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane to the encapsulating agent is between about 1:250 and about 1:750. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane encapsulating agent is between about 1:500.

[0040] In one embodiment, the unsaturated organic polymer is a vinyl-functionalized organic polymer. In one embodiment, the unsaturated organic polymer is an alkene-functionalized organic polymer. In one embodiment, the unsaturated organic polymer is an alkyne-functionalized organic polymer. In one embodiment, the vinyl-functionalized organic polymer is an acrylate organic polymer. In one embodiment, the vinyl-functionalized organic polymer is a methacrylate organic polymer. In one embodiment, the vinyl-functionalized organic polymer is an acrylic organic polymer. In one embodiment, the vinyl-functionalized organic polymer is a methacrylic organic polymer. In one embodiment, the alkene-functionalized organic polymer is an organic polymer with a diene. In one embodiment, the alkene-functionalized organic polymer is an organic polymer with a polyene. In one embodiment, the alkyne-functionalized organic polymer is an organic polymer with a polyyne. In one embodiment, the unsaturated organic polymer is a vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane.

[0041] In one embodiment, the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is vinyl-terminated. In one embodiment, the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is selected from the group consisting of vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane; vinyl-terminated diphenylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer; vinyl-terminated polyphenylmethylsiloxane, vinyl-terminated polymethylsiloxane, vinylphenylmethyl-terminated vinylphenylsiloxane-phenylmethylsiloxane copolymer; vinyl-terminated trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer; vinyl-terminated diethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer; vinylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer, trimethylsiloxane copolymer; vinylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer, silanol-terminated vinylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer, vinyl gum; vinylmethylsiloxane homopolymer, vinyl T-structure polymer, vinyl Q-structure polymer, monovinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, vinylmethylsiloxane terpolymer, vinylmethoxysilane homopolymer, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane is alkyl terminated. In one embodiment, the hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane is selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated terminated polydimethylsiloxane; polyphenyl-(dimethylhydrosiloxy)siloxane, hydrogenated terminated; methylhydrosiloxane-phenylmethylsiloxane copolymer, hydrogenated terminated; methylhydrosiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer, trimethylsiloxy terminated; polymethylhydrosiloxane, trimethylsiloxy terminated; polyethylhydrosiloxane, triethylsiloxane, methylhydrosiloxane-phenyloctylmethylsiloxane copolymer; methylhydrosiloxane-phenyloctylmethylsiloxane terpolymer, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane comprises a trimethylsiloxy terminated methylhydrosiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer. In one embodiment, the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane has a SiH content of from about 3% to about 45%; or from about 0.5 to about 10 mmol / g; or a combination of both. In one embodiment, the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane has a viscosity of from about 5 to about 11,000 cSt or cP at about 25° C.In one embodiment, the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane has an average of at least two Si-H units.

[0042] In one embodiment, the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is a polymer of formula IIa below, and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane is a polymer of formula III: [ka] (In the formula, R 1a’ , R 3a’ , R 4a’ , R 5a’ , R 6a’ , R 8a’ , R 9a’ and R 10a’ are each independently 1~20 Alkyl, C 2~20 Alkenyl, C 5~10 Aryl, Hydroxyl or C 1~20 is alkoxyl; p and q each independently represent an integer of 10 to 6000; R 1b , R 2b , R 3b , R 6b , R 7b and R 8b is C 1~20 is alkyl; R 4b , R 5b , R 9b , R 10b , R 7b are hydrogen and C, respectively. 1~20 Alkyl, C 2~20 Alkenyl, C 5~10 Aryl, Hydroxyl or C 1~20 alkoxyl, where R 4b , R 5b , R 9b , R 10b at least two of are hydrogen; and m and n each independently represent an integer of 10 to 6000. It is.

[0043] In one embodiment, the composition further comprises an agent selected from the group consisting of sunscreens, anti-aging agents, anti-acne agents, anti-wrinkle agents, spot reducing agents, antioxidants, and vitamins. In one embodiment, the composition further comprises one or more feel modifiers, adhesion modifiers, spreadability modifiers, diluents, adhesion modifiers, optical modifiers, particles, volatile siloxanes, emulsifiers, emollients, surfactants, thickeners, solvents, film formers, humectants, preservatives, or pigments.

[0044] In one embodiment, the viscosity of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is from about 500 to about 500,000 cSt or cP at about 25° C. In one embodiment, the viscosity of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is from about 150,000 to about 185,000 cSt or cP at about 25° C. In one embodiment, the viscosity of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is about 165,000 cSt or cP at about 25° C. In one embodiment, the viscosity of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is about 10,000 cSt or cP at about 25° C.

[0045] In one embodiment, the viscosity of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is about 150,000 to about 185,000 cSt or cP at about 25° C. and the viscosity of the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane is between about 30 to about 100 cSt or cP at about 25° C. In one embodiment, the viscosity of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is about 165,000 cSt or cP at about 25° C. and the viscosity of the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane is about 45 cSt or cP at about 25° C. In one embodiment, the viscosity of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is about 165,000 cSt or cP at about 25° C. and the viscosity of the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane is about 50 cSt or cP at about 25° C.

[0046] In one embodiment, the composition further comprises a reinforcing component, hi one embodiment, the reinforcing component is selected from the group consisting of mica, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, clay, silica, surface treated mica, surface treated zinc oxide, surface treated titanium dioxide, surface treated aluminum oxide, surface treated clay, and surface treated silica.

[0047] Provided herein is a method of using the compositions provided herein as a single formulation in a one-step process, without the need to formulate and store the catalyst separately from other components that form the film. Instead, the single formulation can be applied to the skin of a subject. Without being bound by theory, during application to the skin, the ligand is separated from the catalyst (e.g., transition metal) or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. In one embodiment, the method includes separating the ligand from the transition metal or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane by evaporating the ligand. In one embodiment, the method includes absorbing the ligand into another phase to separate the ligand from the transition metal or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. In one embodiment, the method includes absorbing the ligand into the skin of a subject to separate the ligand from the transition metal or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. In one embodiment, the method includes absorbing the ligand into another component that forms a complex to separate the ligand from the transition metal or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. In one embodiment, the method includes separating the ligand from the transition metal or hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane by converting the ligand from the uncomplexed transition metal or hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane to an uncomplexed transition metal. In one embodiment, the method includes separating the ligand from the transition metal or hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane using heat. In one embodiment, the method includes separating the ligand from the transition metal or hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane by cooling the composition. In one embodiment, the method includes separating the ligand from the transition metal or hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane using heat generated by spray-drying. In one embodiment, the method includes separating the ligand from the transition metal or hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane using more extensive sound waves. In one embodiment, the method includes separating the ligand from the transition metal or hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane using electromagnetic waves. In one embodiment, the method includes dissociating the ligand from the transition metal or hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane using visible light, and in one embodiment, the method includes dissociating the ligand from the transition metal or hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane using ultraviolet light.In one embodiment, the method includes separating the ligand from the transition metal or hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane using infrared radiation.

[0048] Provided herein is a method of using the compositions provided herein as a single formulation in a one-step process, without the need to formulate and store the catalyst separately from other components that form the film. Instead, the single formulation can be applied to the skin of a subject. Without being bound by theory, the encapsulating agent separates from the catalyst (e.g., transition metal) or the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane during application to the skin. In one embodiment, the method includes separating the encapsulating agent from the transition metal or from the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane by evaporating the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the method includes separating the encapsulating agent from the transition metal or from the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane by absorbing the encapsulating agent into another phase. In one embodiment, the method includes separating the encapsulating agent from the transition metal or from the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane by absorbing the encapsulating agent into the skin of a subject. In one embodiment, the method includes separating the encapsulating agent from the transition metal or from the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane by absorbing the encapsulating agent to other components that form a complex. In one embodiment, the method includes separating the encapsulating agent from the transition metal or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane by transforming the encapsulating agent into a non-microcapsule. In one embodiment, the method includes separating the encapsulating agent from the transition metal or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane using heat. In one embodiment, the method includes separating the encapsulating agent from the transition metal or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane by cooling the composition. In one embodiment, the method includes separating the encapsulating agent from the transition metal or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane using heat generated by spray-drying. In one embodiment, the method includes separating the encapsulating agent from the transition metal or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane using more powerful sound waves. In one embodiment, the method includes separating the encapsulating agent from the transition metal or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane using electromagnetic waves. In one embodiment, the method includes separating the encapsulant from the transition metal or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane using visible light.In one embodiment, the method includes separating the encapsulant from the transition metal or from the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane using ultraviolet light. In one embodiment, the method includes separating the encapsulant from the transition metal or from the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane using infrared radiation.

[0049] In one embodiment, the composition forms a film on the skin of the subject. In one embodiment, the composition forms a film on the keratinous matrix of the subject. In one embodiment, the composition forms a film on the hair of the subject. In one embodiment, the composition forms a film on a mucosal surface of the subject. In one embodiment, the composition forms a film on a medical device on the skin of the subject. In one embodiment, the composition forms a film on a wearable device on the skin of the subject. In one embodiment, the composition forms a film on an epithelial layer of the subject. In one embodiment, the method includes decomposing the ligand using visible light and liberating the transition metal. In one embodiment, the method includes decomposing the ligand using visible light and liberating the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. In one embodiment, the method includes decomposing the encapsulating agent using visible light and liberating the transition metal. In one embodiment, the method includes decomposing the encapsulating agent using visible light and liberating the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane.

[0050] In one embodiment, the compositions provided herein are single formulations that can be vulcanized at room temperature (RTV) in one stage. In one embodiment, the compositions provided herein are single-stage vulcanized at room temperature.

[0051] Provided herein is a method of using the compositions provided herein as a single formulation in a one-step process without the need to separate the silane or hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane and the catalyst complex from one another prior to application to the skin of a subject.

[0052] Provided herein is a method of using the composition provided herein to form a thin film on the skin of a subject. In some embodiments, such a method includes applying the composition provided herein to the skin of a subject and separating a ligand from a catalyst (e.g., at least one transition metal) or a hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane in the composition to promote a crosslinking reaction. In some embodiments, such a composition includes the following: (a) at least one transition metal; (b) at least one unsaturated organic polymer; (c) at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane; and (d) at least one ligand in a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and these components can be combined and stored together as a mixture without significant crosslinking. In some embodiments, such compositions include: (a) at least one transition metal; (b) at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; (c) at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane; and (d) at least one ligand in a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and these components can be combined and stored together as a mixture without significant crosslinking. In some embodiments, the separating step includes evaporating the ligand, absorbing the ligand into another phase, absorbing the ligand into the skin of the subject, absorbing the ligand into another component that forms a complex, converting the ligand into a non-complex with the transition metal or the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, heating the composition, cooling the composition, applying a larger sound wave to the composition, applying an electromagnetic wave to the composition, applying visible light to the composition, applying ultraviolet light to the composition, or applying infrared light to the composition.Provided herein is a method of using the compositions provided herein as a single formulation in a one-step process, comprising separating at least one divinyldisiloxane from platinum in a composition provided herein, such as a composition comprising: (a) platinum; (b) at least one unsaturated organic polymer; (c) at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane; and (d) a sufficient concentration of divinyldisiloxane to slow down a crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. Provided herein is a method for using the compositions provided herein as a single formulation in a one-step process, comprising separating at least one divinyldisiloxane from platinum in the compositions provided herein, such as compositions comprising (a) platinum; (b) at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; (c) at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane; and (d) at least one divinyldisiloxane in a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. In one embodiment, the method comprises separating the ligand from the transition metal or the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane by evaporating the ligand with or without heat.

[0053] Provided herein is a method of using the composition provided herein to form a thin film on the skin of a subject. In some embodiments, such a method includes applying the composition provided herein to the skin of a subject and separating an encapsulating agent from a catalyst (e.g., at least one transition metal) or a hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane in the composition to promote a crosslinking reaction. In some embodiments, such a composition includes the following: (a) at least one transition metal; (b) at least one unsaturated organic polymer; (c) at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane; and (d) at least one encapsulating agent in a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and these components can be combined and stored together as a mixture without significant crosslinking. In some embodiments, such compositions include: (a) at least one transition metal; (b) at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; (c) at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane; and (d) at least one encapsulating agent in a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and these components can be combined and stored together as a mixture without significant crosslinking. In some embodiments, the separating step includes evaporating the encapsulating agent, absorbing the encapsulating agent into another phase, absorbing the encapsulating agent into the skin of the subject, absorbing the encapsulating agent into another component that forms a complex, converting the encapsulating agent to a non-complex with the transition metal or the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, heating the composition, cooling the composition, applying a larger sound wave to the composition, applying an electromagnetic wave to the composition, applying visible light to the composition, applying ultraviolet light to the composition, or applying infrared light to the composition.As used herein, this includes separating at least polyurethane 1 from platinum in compositions provided herein, such as compositions comprising: (a) platinum; (b) at least one unsaturated organic polymer; (c) at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane; and (d) polyurethane 1 in a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and these components may be combined and stored together as a mixture without significant crosslinking. Provided herein is a method of using a composition provided herein as a single formulation in a one-step process that includes separating at least Polyurethane 1 from the platinum in a composition provided herein, such as a composition comprising: (a) platinum; (b) at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; (c) at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane; and (d) a sufficient concentration of Polyurethane 1 to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, where these components can be combined and stored together as a mixture without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the method includes separating the encapsulating agent from the transition metal or hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane by evaporating the encapsulating agent with or without heat. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0054] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a scheme of microcapsules.

[0055] [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the morphology of a microcapsule.

[0056] [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the four main steps in the preparation of microspheres by solvent extraction / evaporation.

[0057] [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the process of microencapsulation by spray drying. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0058] 5. Terms, Abbreviations and Conventions The term "skin" as used herein includes body surfaces where normal skin is intact, damaged, or partially or completely lost or removed. Skin also includes skin imperfections that are usually considered to be part of "skin". Examples of skin imperfections include wrinkles, age spots, freckles, acne, moles, warts, lesions, scars, tattoos, birthmarks, rough skin, birthmarks, sunburn, age damage, blemishes (e.g., aging spots), uneven skin tone, loose skin, cellulite, stretch marks, loss of skin elasticity, rough skin, enlarged pores, pigmentation, telangiectasia, redness, sheen, port wine stains (or squamous epithelial nevi, e.g., suture epithelial nevi or midline epithelial nevi), and melanoma. Skin also includes skin areas to which cosmetics, personal care, medical care, paints, or other foreign substances, or combinations thereof, are applied.

[0059] As used herein, the term "layer" includes a covering, film, sheet, barrier, coating, membrane, device, or artificial skin formed, sprayed, or spread onto a surface. A layer may be, but is not necessarily, continuous. A layer may be, but is not necessarily, substantially uniform and / or uniform in thickness.

[0060] As used herein, the terms "compromised skin barrier function", "compromised skin barrier" or "compromised skin condition" include conditions such as skin diseases, skin conditions, and wounds.

[0061] The term "skin disease" as used herein includes diseases that cause at least one symptom on the skin of a subject that may require medical treatment. Skin diseases may be induced by autoimmune diseases and / or environmental factors such as allergens or chemicals, among others. Examples of symptoms of skin diseases include, but are not limited to, itchy skin, dry skin, crusting, blistering, or cracking of the skin, dermatitis, skin edema, or skin lesion formation. Skin diseases include, but are not limited to, eczema, psoriasis, ichthyosis, rosacea, chronic dry skin, cutaneous lupus, lichen simplex chronicus, xerosis, acne, secondary skin diseases due to diseases, and ulcers.

[0062] As used herein, the term "skin conditions" includes, but is not limited to, itchy skin, peeling skin, dry skin, flaking or peeling skin, blisters on the skin, red, swollen or inflamed skin, and weeping, crusted or scaly skin. Skin conditions also include defective skin coverage caused by laser, photo or chemical peeling treatments.

[0063] The term "wound" as used herein includes damage to the skin where the skin has been torn, cut or punctured. Wounds include open wounds, such as abrasions, lacerations, incisions, punctures, abrasions, or cuts. Wounds also include pimple wounds, which are a type of damage to the skin and / or flesh caused by heat, electricity, wind, chemicals, light, radiation, or friction.

[0064] The terms "treat, treating and treatment" as used herein include both therapeutic and prophylactic / preventative measures. "Treatment" further includes both damage-modifying and symptomatic treatments. Both damage-modifying and symptomatic treatments are included. Treatment may improve or reduce the severity and / or duration of at least one symptom of the condition of impaired skin barrier function. Treatment may completely restore the skin barrier function impaired condition.

[0065] As used herein, the terms "apply," "applied," and "application" include any known method of contacting or administering the compositions provided herein to the skin or body of a subject, which may be by finger, hand, brush, cotton ball, swab, tissue, pad, sponge, roll-on, spatula, dispenser, drops, spray, splash, foam, mousse, serum, spritz, and other suitable methods.

[0066] The term "subject" as used herein includes subjects, particularly animals (e.g., humans), suitable for use with the compositions disclosed herein.Subjects also include plants, where skin refers to the surface of the parts of the plant that can benefit from application of the composition, such as flowers, leaves, fruits, stems, branches, bark, and roots.

[0067] As used herein, the term "in vitro" means that the test or formation is not performed on, in, or on the skin or body of a subject.

[0068] The term "routine daily activities" as used herein includes instrumental activities of daily living such as eating (e.g., eating, drinking, taking drugs), urination (e.g., urination and defecation), urination, dressing, bathing (e.g., showering, bathing), grooming, walking (e.g., walking, using a transportation means), talking (e.g., using a telephone), food preparation, housework, laundry, shopping, and financial affairs. Examples of such daily activities are described in Lawton and Brody, Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living, Gerontologist 1969 Autumn;9(3):179-86 and Katz et al, Studies of Illness in the Aged. The Index of ADL: A Standardized Measure of Biological and Psychosocial Function, JAMA 1963 Sep 21;185:914-9.

[0069] As used herein, the term "demanding activity" includes activities that cause a high level of contraction and / or stress on the skin of a subject compared to the contraction or stress caused by everyday activities. Examples of demanding activities include activities such as exercise, swimming (salt water, fresh water, chlorinated water), steam rooms (high humidity heat), saunas (low humidity heat), etc.

[0070] Unless otherwise specified, a description of any material used as part of any composition disclosed herein is that material as a component of the composition prior to that material being mixed, combined and / or reacted with other components of the composition.

[0071] The term "crosslinkable polymer" as used herein refers to a polymer that can physically or chemically interact, or physically and chemically interact, to form a layer on a surface to which it is applied (e.g., skin, leather, glass, plastic, metal). "Physically interact" refers to the formation of non-covalent interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonds, or electrostatic, polar, ionic, van der Waals, or London forces) between two or more polymer chains. "Chemically interact" refers to the formation of covalent bonds between two or more polymer chains. Covalent bonds may be formed through a spontaneously occurring chemical reaction or may be formed through a chemical reaction initiated, for example, by a catalyst, moisture, heat, pressure, a change in pH, or radiation. The crosslinkable polymer may be a homopolymer or a copolymer, for example, a random copolymer, an alternating copolymer, a periodic copolymer, a statistical copolymer, a block copolymer, a graft or grafted copolymer, or a combination thereof. The crosslinkable polymer may be a linear polymer, a branched polymer, a star polymer, a loop polymer, or a combination thereof.

[0072] In a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises one or more organic polymers. "Organic polymer" refers to a polymer that contains carbon. In a preferred embodiment, the organic polymer is an organopolysiloxane polymer. In a preferred embodiment, the organopolysiloxane polymer is a linear siloxane polymer. In a preferred embodiment, the organopolysiloxane polymer is a branched siloxane polymer.

[0073] The term "viscosity" refers to a measure of the resistance of a liquid to being deformed by shear or tensile stress. The viscosity of a composition affects the thickness, spreading, and uniformity and / or homogeneity of the layer formed on a substrate. Viscosity is measured in terms of dynamic viscosity (also known as absolute viscosity, typical units Pa s, Poise, P, cP) or dynamic viscosity (usual units cm 2 / s, Stokes, St, cSt), which is the viscosity divided by the density of the measured liquid. Viscosity ranges of the components disclosed herein are generally provided by the component suppliers in kinematic viscosity units (e.g., cSt) as measured using a rheometer or a Cannon-Fenske tube viscometer.

[0074] Fluid viscosity can be measured in vitro, for example, using a rheometer (e.g., a linear shear rheometer or a dynamic shear rheometer) or a viscometer (also called a viscometer, e.g., a capillary viscometer or a rotational viscometer) at a strain characteristic of the instrument. For example, Thomas G. Mezger, The Rheology Handbook: For Users of Rotational and Oscillatory Rheometers (2nd Ed.), Vincentz Network, 2006, and ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standards such as ASTM D3835-08, ASTM D2857-95, ASTM D2196-10, and ASTM D2983-09 teach how to measure fluid viscosity. Fluid viscosity is preferably measured in vitro using the Rheometer viscosimetry test described herein. The density of a liquid can change with temperature or pressure. Unless otherwise specified, all properties of the compositions, layers and / or devices disclosed herein, including viscosity, are measured at room temperature (about 25° C.) and about 1 atmosphere of air pressure.

[0075] Anhydrous compositions generally have a longer shelf life than emulsions with similar ingredients, even without bacterial or fungal preservatives. As used herein, "anhydrous" refers to an ingredient that contains about 10%, about 5%, about 2%, about 1%, or about 0.1% of water. In some embodiments, the composition is anhydrous. In some embodiments, the composition is an emulsion. In some embodiments, the composition is a dispersion. In some embodiments, the composition is a suspension. In some embodiments, the composition is a paste. In some embodiments, the composition is a semi-solid. In some embodiments, the composition is an ointment. In some embodiments, the composition is a cream. In some embodiments, the composition is a serum. In some embodiments, the composition is a lotion. In some embodiments, the composition is a patch. In some embodiments, the composition can be spread, sprayed, stenciled, patterned, patched, transferred, layered, coated, or partitioned onto the skin.

[0076] The term "glass transition temperature" refers to the transition temperature from a solid state to a liquid state. The glass transition temperature can be stated as a temperature (°C, °F or K). The glass transition temperature can be measured in vitro using a thermal analysis instrument such as, for example, a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) or a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA).

[0077] The term "tack-free time" refers to the time when the layer has solidified sufficiently that it no longer adheres to a finger or substrate that lightly touches it under a normal force of less than 0.15 Newtons, resulting in adhesion of the film.

[0078] The term "adhesion" refers to the force per unit length required to separate a material adhered to a standard substrate such as leather or polypropylene or polyurethane. In one embodiment, the adhesion of a layer on a polypropylene substrate is greater than about 2 N / m.

[0079] The terms "tensile strength", "ultimate tensile strength", "stress at break", "stress at break", "maximum tensile stress", "stress at break", "breaking strength", and "breaking strength" refer to the stress at which a test specimen breaks. Tensile strength can be measured on test specimens formed from the composition in vitro, for example, using cyclic and elongation tests as described herein.

[0080] The terms "fracture strain", "elongation at break", "stretchiness at break", "strain at break", "maximum elongation", "maximum strain", "maximum stretchiness", "extension at break", "maximum extension" refer to the strain at which a test specimen breaks by fracture. The fracture strain can be measured in vitro on test specimens formed from the composition, for example, using cyclic and extension tests as described herein.

[0081] The tensile modulus can be measured on specimens formed from the composition in vitro, for example, using cyclic and elongation tests as described herein. The tensile modulus can also be measured using the tensile properties of reinforced thermosetting plastics using the ASTM D5083 RTS standard specimens.

[0082] The term "tensile modulus" or "Young's modulus" or "modulus of elasticity" or "stiffness" or "tensile stiffness" or "elastic modulus" refers to the force per unit area required to stretch and deform a material beyond its initial length. Tensile modulus is the inverse of compliance, which relates to the flexibility or deformability of a material beyond its initial length. Tensile modulus can be measured on specimens formed from the composition in vitro, for example, using cyclic and elongation tests, as described herein. Tensile modulus can also be measured using the tensile properties of reinforced thermoset plastics using ASTM D5083 RTS standard specimens.

[0083] The term "cyclic tensile residual strain" refers to the tensile residual strain after cyclic tensile deformation. The term "residual strain" refers to the strain remaining in a material after the original source of stress is removed. Residual strain can be reported as plastic strain, inelastic strain, inelastic strain, or viscoelastic strain. The cyclic tensile residual strain can be measured on test specimens formed from the composition in vitro, for example, using cyclic tensile and elongation tests as described herein.

[0084] The term "cyclic tensile hysteresis loss energy" or "cyclic hysteresis strain energy" refers to the excess energy dissipated as heat when a sample undergoes repeated tensile deformation. Cyclic tensile hysteresis loss energy can be measured on specimens formed from the composition in vitro, for example, using a cyclic and elongation pull test as described herein.

[0085] The term "fracture toughness" or "toughness" or "tensile toughness" or "deformation energy" or "fracture energy" or "failure energy" refers to the ability to absorb the energy of mechanical deformation per unit volume up to the point of fracture. Fracture toughness can be measured on test specimens formed from the composition in vitro using, for example, cyclic and elongation tests as described herein.

[0086] The term "oxygen transmission rate" or "OTR" refers to the permeation flux of oxygen through a membrane of a given thickness. Oxygen transmission rate can be measured on samples formed from the composition in vitro, for example, using the ASTM F2622 Oxygen Gas Transmission Rate Through Plastic Membranes and Sheet Formation Test using various sensors.

[0087] The term "oxygen permeability" refers to the permeation flux of oxygen through a membrane of a given thickness per unit oxygen vapor pressure difference across the membrane (usually cmHg). Oxygen permeability can be measured on samples formed from the composition in vitro, for example, using ASTM F2622 Oxygen Gas Transmission Rate Through Plastic Membranes and sheet formation with various sensors.

[0088] The term "oxygen permeability" or "intrinsic oxygen permeability" refers to a measure of the rate at which oxygen moves through a membrane, and includes the sequential process of oxygen adsorption into the membrane, followed by oxygen diffusion through the membrane. Oxygen permeability can be measured on samples formed from the composition in vitro, for example, using ASTM F2622 "Oxygen gas permeation rate through plastic membranes" and "Sheet formation with various sensors."

[0089] The term "water vapor transmission rate" or "WVTR" refers to the permeation flux of water vapor through a membrane of a certain thickness. Water vapor transmission rate can be measured on samples formed from the composition in vitro using, for example, ASTM F1249 Water Vapor Transmission Rate, using a modulated infrared sensor test.

[0090] The term "water vapor permeability" refers to the flux of water vapor through a barrier of a given thickness per unit water vapor pressure difference (usually cmHg) between one side of the barrier and the other. Water vapor permeability can be measured, for example, on samples formed from the composition in vitro using the modulated infrared sensor test, using ASTM F1249 Water Vapor Transmission Rate.

[0091] The term "water vapor transmission coefficient" or "intrinsic water vapor permeability" refers to a measure of how quickly water vapor can move through a barrier, and involves the sequential process of water vapor adsorption to the barrier followed by water vapor diffusion through the barrier. Water vapor transmission coefficients can be measured on samples formed from compositions in vitro using, for example, ASTM 1249 Water Vapor Transmission Rate, using a modulated infrared sensor test.

[0092] The term "transepidermal water loss" refers to the measurement of the amount of water that passes from the body through the epidermal layer to the surrounding atmosphere via the processes of diffusion and evaporation. Transepidermal water loss is measured using the Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL) Measurement Test described herein. The difference in TEWL measurement caused by a subject's age, race, sex, and / or skin area is generally less than the standard error of the TEWL measurement.

[0093] The term "skin hydration" refers to the measurement of water content of the skin through a comeometer based on the capacitance measurement of a dielectric medium near the skin surface.

[0094] The term "retraction time" refers to the time it takes for the skin to return to its original state after the initial deformation by the suction cup device. Skin retraction time can be measured using a cutometer / suction cup, for example, according to the procedure described in H. Dobrev, "Use of Cutometer to assess epidermal hydration", Skin Research and Technology 2000, 6(4):239-244.

[0095] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term "about," when used in connection with a dosage amount, amount, or weight percent of a component of a composition or dosage form, means a dosage amount, amount, or weight percent that would be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art. Specifically, the term "about" contemplates a dosage amount, amount, or weight percent within 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, or 5% of the particular dosage amount, amount, or weight percent.

[0096] The term "encapsulation" refers to the process of permanently or temporarily encapsulating a material (core) in a shell of a second material (shell / wall material). In one embodiment, the second material is referred to as an "encapsulant". This process results in small capsules called microcapsules, as depicted in FIG. 1. Microcapsules can be classified as mononuclear, polynuclear or matrix type, as depicted in FIG. 2. In one embodiment, the diameter of the microcapsules is from one micron to several millimeters. In one embodiment, the diameter of the microcapsules is from about 50 nm to about 2 mm. In one embodiment, the diameter of the microcapsules is from about 2 mm to about 2000 mm. In one embodiment, the diameter of the microcapsules is from about 50 nm to about 1000 nm. In one embodiment, the diameter of the microcapsules is from about 100 nm to about 500 nm. In one embodiment, microcapsules with diameters in the nanometer range are referred to as nanocapsules.

[0097] 6 Detailed Description The compositions provided herein can be used to create a thin film on the skin of a subject in a single application step to the skin of the subject. More specifically, the compositions provided herein do not need to be stored in multiple compartments or mixed with other compositions or ingredients before application to the skin. Instead, a single composition can be manufactured, stored in a single compartment, and then applied to the skin of a subject to create a film on the skin of the subject. In some embodiments, since the compositions provided herein do not need to be mixed before application to the skin, a container containing the compositions provided herein can also include an applicator suitable for applying the composition to the skin. The ligand (see Section 6.1.1), without being bound by theory, slows down or inhibits cross-linking reactions between other components of such single-component formulations. The encapsulating agent, without being bound by theory, slows down or inhibits cross-linking reactions between other components of such single-component formulations.

[0098] In one embodiment, provided herein is a composition comprising: (a) at least one transition metal; (b) at least one unsaturated organic polymer; (c) at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane; and (d) at least one ligand in a concentration sufficient to slow down a crosslinking reaction between said unsaturated organic polymer and said hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein these components can be combined and stored together as a mixture without significant crosslinking.

[0099] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a composition comprising: (a) at least one transition metal; (b) at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; (c) at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane; and (d) at least one ligand in a concentration sufficient to slow down a crosslinking reaction between said vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and said hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein these components can be combined and stored together as a mixture without significant crosslinking.

[0100] In one embodiment, such compositions comprise: (a) at least one transition metal; (b) at least one unsaturated organic polymer; (c) at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane; and (d) at least one encapsulating agent in a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction between said vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and said hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein these components can be combined and stored together as a mixture without significant crosslinking.

[0101] In certain embodiments, provided herein are compositions comprising: (a) at least one transition metal; (b) at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; (c) at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane; and (d) at least one encapsulating agent in a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit a crosslinking reaction between said vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and said hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein these components can be combined and stored together as a mixture without significant crosslinking.

[0102] In one embodiment, the components provided herein are mixed together and stored as a homogenous mixture. In one embodiment, the components provided herein are mixed together and stored as a heterogenous mixture, such as a suspension or emulsion.

[0103] In one embodiment, the compositions provided herein can be stored at about -5, 0, 5, 10, 15, 25, 30, 35, or 40°C without visible change. In one embodiment, the compositions provided herein can be stored for about 30, 60, 90, 120, or 180, or for about 1, 2, or 3 years without visible change. In one embodiment, the compositions provided herein can be stored with light. In one embodiment, the compositions provided herein are stored without light. In one embodiment, the compositions provided herein are stored in a light-proof container. In one embodiment, the compositions provided herein are stored in a soundproof container. In one embodiment, the compositions provided herein are stored in a shock-resistant container. In one embodiment, the compositions provided herein are stored in an insulated container. In one embodiment, the compositions provided herein are stored in an electromagnetically shielded container.

[0104] Provided herein are compositions that can be used to form a film on the skin of a subject. In some embodiments, the resulting film has certain properties as described herein. In some embodiments, the film can be used in cosmetic and therapeutic applications.

[0105] More specifically, provided herein are compositions that can be used, for example, as a single formulation to be applied to the skin of a subject to form a film on the skin of the subject. In some embodiments, the formulations provided herein include at least one transition metal capable of catalyzing a crosslinking reaction between an unsaturated organic polymer and a hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. In some embodiments, the formulations provided herein include at least one transition metal capable of catalyzing a crosslinking reaction between a vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and a hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. Such compositions are configured such that the transition metal does not catalyze the crosslinking reaction before film formation is desired (e.g., before application to the skin of the subject), thereby allowing a single composition of catalyst and functional component to be formulated. In some embodiments, the formulations can include at least one ligand that inhibits the transition metal from catalyzing the crosslinking reaction. Once film formation is desired, the activity of the ligand that inhibits the crosslinking reaction can be reduced or eliminated by different means, depending on the nature of the ligand, as described below. In some embodiments, the formulation may include at least one encapsulating agent that inhibits the transition metal from catalyzing the crosslinking reaction or at least one encapsulating agent that inhibits the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane from freely interacting with the unsaturated organic polymer in the vicinity of the transition metal. In some embodiments, the formulation may include at least one encapsulating agent that inhibits the transition metal from catalyzing the crosslinking reaction or at least one encapsulating agent that inhibits the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane from freely interacting with the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane in the vicinity of the transition metal. Once film formation is desired, the activity of the encapsulating agent that inhibits the crosslinking reaction can be reduced or eliminated by different means, depending on the nature of the ligand, as described below.

[0106] 6.1 Compositions for use in the methods provided herein In some embodiments, the compositions used in the methods provided herein include a catalyst; at least one ligand; at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. In some embodiments, the compositions used in the methods provided herein include a catalyst; at least one encapsulating agent; at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane.

[0107] In some embodiments, the composition used in the method provided herein comprises a catalyst; at least one ligand; at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. In some embodiments, the composition used in the method provided herein comprises a catalyst; at least one encapsulating agent; at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. More detailed information regarding these components is provided in the following sections.

[0108] 6.1.1 Ligand In certain embodiments, a ligand is a chemical or functional group that binds to a catalyst forming a ligand-catalyst complex.

[0109] The following chemicals may be used as ligands in the compositions and methods provided herein: divinyltetramethyldisilane, linear vinylsiloxanes, cyclic vinylsiloxanes, tris(vinylsiloxane)silane, tetrakis(vinylsiloxy)silane and above, vinyl ketones and vinyl esters, acetylenic alcohols, sulfides and mercaptans, including all of their derivatives. Examples of linear vinylsiloxanes include divinyldisiloxane, divinyltrisiloxane, divinyltetrasiloxane, and further examples of divinyltrisiloxane derivatives include derivatives such as 1,5-divinyl-3-phenylpentamethyltrisiloxane, 1,1,5,5-tetramethyl-3,3-diphenyl-1,5-divinyltrisiloxane, and the like (divinyldimethicone). Examples of cyclic vinylsiloxanes include trivinyltrimethylcyclotrisiloxane, tetravinyltetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane, pentavinylpentamethylcyclopentasiloxane, hexavinylhexamethylcyclohexasiloxane, and the like, and examples of derivatives in which methyl is replaced with alkyl or alkoxy, such as ethyl or ethoxy. Examples of branched (vinylsiloxy)silanes and their derivatives include tris(vinyldimethylsiloxy)silane, tetrakis(vinyldimethylsiloxy)silane, methacryloxypropyltris(vinyldimethylsiloxy)silane, and the like. Examples of vinyl ketones and vinyl esters and their derivatives include dimethyl fumarate, dimethyl maleate, methyl vinyl ketone, and methoxybutanone. Examples of acetylene alcohols and their derivatives include methyl isobutynol. Examples of sulfides, mercaptans and their derivatives include ethyl mercaptan, diethyl sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, and dimethyl disulfide.

[0110] In certain embodiments, the ligands can slow down the catalytic activity of the hydrosilylation reactions in which the compositions provided herein form chemically crosslinked networks.

[0111] In some embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane, and the ligands can be combined and stored together as a mixture without significant crosslinking. In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane, and the ligands can be combined and stored together as a mixture without significant crosslinking. In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 25° C. to 99% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 25° C. to 50% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 25° C. to 25% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 25° C. to 10% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 25° C. to about 1% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 25° C. to about 0.1% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 25° C. to about 0.01% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 25° C. to about 0.001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 25° C. to about 0.0001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 25° C. to about 0.000001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 25° C. to about 0.000001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand.

[0112] In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and these components can be combined and stored together as a mixture without significant crosslinking. In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 5° C. to 99% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 5° C. to 50% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 5° C. to 25% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 5° C. to 10% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 5° C. to about 1% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.1% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.01% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.0001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.00001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.000001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.0000001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand.

[0113] In some embodiments, the ligand can slow down the hydrosilylation reaction in which the compositions provided herein form a chemically crosslinked network. In some embodiments, the ligand can slow down the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 25° C. to 99% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In some embodiments, the ligand can slow down the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 25° C. to 50% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In some embodiments, the ligand can slow down the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 25° C. to 25% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In some embodiments, the ligand can slow down the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 25° C. to 10% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In some embodiments, the ligand can slow down the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 25° C. to about 1% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In some embodiments, the ligand can slow down the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 25° C. to about 0.1% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand can reduce the reaction rate of a hydrosilylation reaction at about 25° C. to about 0.01% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand can reduce the reaction rate of a hydrosilylation reaction at about 25° C. to about 0.001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand can reduce the reaction rate of a hydrosilylation reaction at about 25° C. to about 0.0001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand can reduce the reaction rate of a hydrosilylation reaction at about 25° C. to about 0.00001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand can reduce the reaction rate of a hydrosilylation reaction at about 25° C. to about 0.000001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand can reduce the reaction rate of a hydrosilylation reaction at about 25° C. to about 0.0000001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand.

[0114] In some embodiments, the ligand can slow down the hydrosilylation reaction in which the compositions provided herein form a chemically crosslinked network. In some embodiments, the ligand can slow down the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 5° C. to 99% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In some embodiments, the ligand can slow down the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 5° C. to 50% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In some embodiments, the ligand can slow down the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 5° C. to 25% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In some embodiments, the ligand can slow down the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 5° C. to 10% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In some embodiments, the ligand can slow down the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 5° C. to about 1% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In some embodiments, the ligand can slow down the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.1% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand can reduce the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.01% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand can reduce the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand can reduce the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.0001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand can reduce the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.00001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand can reduce the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.000001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand. In certain embodiments, the ligand can reduce the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.0000001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the ligand.

[0115] In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture at about 25° C. for about 30 days without significant crosslinking. In some embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture at about 25° C. for about 30 days without significant crosslinking. In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture at about 25° C. for about 60 days without significant crosslinking. In some embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture at about 25° C. for about 90 days without significant crosslinking. In some embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture at about 25° C. for about 120 days without significant crosslinking. In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture at about 25° C. for about 180 days without significant crosslinking. In certain embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture at about 25° C. for about 365 days without significant crosslinking. In some embodiments, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture at about 25° C. for about 730 days without significant crosslinking. In certain embodiments, the ligand is in a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and these components can be combined and stored together in a mixture at about 25° C. for about three years without significant crosslinking.

[0116] In one embodiment, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture for about 30 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture for about 60 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture for about 90 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture for about 120 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture for about 180 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture for about 365 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together in a mixture without significant crosslinking for about 730 days at about 25° C. In one embodiment, the ligand is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together in a mixture without significant crosslinking for about 3 years at about 25° C.

[0117] In some embodiments, the ligand is present at a concentration of about 1% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the ligand is present at a concentration of about 10% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the ligand is present at a concentration of about 20% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the ligand is present at a concentration of about 30% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the ligand is present at a concentration of about 40% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the ligand is present at a concentration of about 50% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the ligand is present at a concentration of about 60% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the ligand is present at a concentration of about 70% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the ligand is present at a concentration of about 80% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the ligand is present at a concentration of about 90% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the ligand is present at a concentration of about 95% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the ligand is present at a concentration of about 99% by weight of the composition. In one embodiment, the ligand is at a concentration of about 99.9% by weight of the composition.

[0118] In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the ligand to the transition metal is about 10 7 In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the ligand to the transition metal is about 10:1. 6 In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the ligand to the transition metal is about 10:1. 5 In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the ligand to the transition metal is about 10:1. 4 In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the ligand to the transition metal is about 10:1. 3 In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the ligand to the transition metal is about 10:1. 2 In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the ligand to the transition metal is about 10:1. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the ligand to the transition metal is about 1:1. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the ligand to the transition metal is about 1:2. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the ligand to the transition metal is about 1:5. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the ligand to the transition metal is about 500:1. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the ligand to the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane is about 107 In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the ligand to the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane is about 10:1. 6 In one embodiment, the molar ratio between the ligand and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane is about 10:1. 5 In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the ligand to the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane is about 10:1. 4 In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the ligand to the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane is about 10:1. 3 In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the ligand to the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane is about 10:1. 2 :1. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the ligand to the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane is about 10:1. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the ligand to the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane is about 1:1. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the ligand to the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane is about 1:2. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the ligand to the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane is about 1:5. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the ligand to the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane is about 500:1.

[0119] In one embodiment, the ligand is a modifier that retards the hydrosilylation reaction in which the compositions provided herein form a chemically crosslinked network. In one embodiment, the ligand is a modifier that retards the hydrosilylation reaction by forming a complex with the catalyst. In one embodiment, the ligand is a modifier that reversibly complexes with the catalyst. In one embodiment, the ligand is a modifier that dissociates with the catalyst at higher temperatures, e.g., about 25°C, about 30°C, about 35°C, about 40°C, about 50°C, about 60°C, about 70°C. In one embodiment, the ligand is a modifier that dissociates with the catalyst by evaporation. In one embodiment, the ligand is a modifier that dissociates with the catalyst by solvent extraction. In one embodiment, the ligand is a modifier that dissociates with the catalyst under sonic waves. In one embodiment, the ligand is a modifier that dissociates with the catalyst under electromagnetic waves. In one embodiment, the ligand is divinyltetramethyldisiloxane, trivinyltetramethyltrisiloxane, trimethylcyclotrisiloxane, tetravinyltetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane, or dimethylfumaric acid. Without being bound by theory, once the ligand dissociates from the catalyst, the hydrosilylation reaction is no longer retarded.

[0120] In one embodiment, the ligand is a retarder that retards the hydrosilylation reaction in which the compositions provided herein form a chemically crosslinked network. In one embodiment, the ligand is a retarder that retards the hydrosilylation reaction by forming a complex with the catalyst. In one embodiment, the ligand is a retarder that reversibly complexes with the catalyst. In one embodiment, the ligand is a retarder that dissociates with the catalyst at higher temperatures, for example, about 25°C, about 30°C, about 35°C, about 40°C, about 50°C, about 60°C, about 70°C. In one embodiment, the ligand is a retarder that dissociates with the catalyst under sonic waves. In one embodiment, the ligand is a retarder that dissociates with the catalyst under electromagnetic waves. In one embodiment, the ligand is divinyltetramethyldisiloxane, trivinyltetramethyltrisiloxane, trimethylcyclotrisiloxane, tetravinyltetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane, divinyltetramethyldisiloxane, or dimethyl fumarate. Without being bound by theory, once the ligand dissociates from the catalyst, the hydrosilylation reaction is no longer retarded.

[0121] In one embodiment, the ligand is an inhibitor that inhibits the hydrosilylation reaction in which the compositions provided herein form a chemically crosslinked network. In one embodiment, the ligand is an inhibitor that inhibits the hydrosilylation reaction by complexing with a catalyst. In one embodiment, the ligand is an inhibitor that can be removed due to activation with a catalyst. In one embodiment, the ligand is an inhibitor that can be removed at higher temperatures, for example, about 25°C, about 30°C, about 35°C, about 40°C, about 50°C, about 60°C, about 70°C. In one embodiment, the ligand is an inhibitor that can be removed with sonic waves. In one embodiment, the ligand is an inhibitor that can be removed with electromagnetic waves. In one embodiment, the ligand is a low boiling acetylenic alcohol. In one embodiment, the ligand is methyl-isobutanol.

[0122] In certain embodiments, the ligands can slow down the catalytic activity of the hydrosilylation reaction by providing stronger binding interactions to the catalyst compared to other functional moieties relevant to hydrosilylation.

[0123] In certain embodiments, the ligands can slow down the catalytic activity of the hydrosilylation reaction such that at least about 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5%, 8%, or 10% of the functional moieties react over a period of one day, one week, one month, or one year.

[0124] In some embodiments, the ligands can stabilize the catalysts and spatially separate them from one another, thus inhibiting the catalysts from forming larger structures and modifying the catalytic activity.

[0125] In some embodiments, the ligands can stabilize the catalyst and spatially separate it from the hydrogen-functional organopolysiloxane, thus inhibiting the initiation of hydrosilylation intermediates and modifying catalytic activity.

[0126] In certain embodiments, the ligand can stabilize the catalyst such that the catalyst is at most about 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5%, 10% or 50% of the catalyst that catalyzes the hydrosilylation reaction.

[0127] In certain embodiments, the ligand can moderate the activity of the catalyst for the hydrosilylation reaction by forming a ligand-catalyst complex.

[0128] In certain embodiments, the ligand is capable of forming a ligand-catalyst complex such that at least about 99.9%, 99.5%, 99%, 98%, 95%, 92%, 90%, 70%, 50%, 25%, 10%, or 5% of the catalyst forms a ligand-catalyst complex.

[0129] In certain embodiments, the ligand is capable of forming a ligand-catalyst complex such that at least about 99.9%, 99.5%, 99%, 98%, 95%, 92%, 90%, 70%, 50%, 25%, 10%, or 5% of the ligand forms a ligand-catalyst complex.

[0130] In certain embodiments, at least about 5% of the ligand forms a ligand-catalyst complex; while at least about 99% of the catalyst forms a ligand-catalyst complex.

[0131] In one embodiment, the amount of the ligand is sufficient to form a ligand-catalyst complex with about 100% of the catalyst, hi one embodiment, the amount of the ligand is about 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 3.0, 3.4, 3.6, 3.9, 4.0, 4.5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, or 100 times the molar amount required to form a ligand-catalyst complex with about 100% of the catalyst.

[0132] In certain embodiments, the activity of the ligand to moderate catalytic activity for the hydrosilylation reaction can be reduced by decreasing the concentration of the ligand.

[0133] In certain embodiments, the activity of the ligand, which inhibits the slowing down of the catalytic activity for the hydrosilylation reaction, can be reduced by reducing the concentration of the ligand by evaporation.

[0134] In certain embodiments, the activity of the ligand to moderate the catalytic activity for the hydrosilylation reaction can be reduced by reducing the concentration of the ligand by adsorption, including physisorption and chemisorption; or adsorption and absorption.

[0135] In certain embodiments, the activity of the ligand to moderate the catalytic activity of the hydrosilylation reaction can be reduced by reducing the concentration of the ligand by means of phase separation, including coagulation, crystallization, precipitation, surface autoprecipitation, interfacial autoprecipitation, phase extraction, phase inversion, or coacervation.

[0136] In certain embodiments, the activity of the ligand to moderate catalytic activity for the hydrosilylation reaction can be reduced by reducing the concentration of the ligand by means of ligand migration such as solvent extraction.

[0137] In some embodiments, the activity of the ligand to moderate catalytic activity for the hydrosilylation reaction can be reduced by reducing the concentration of the ligand by means of ligand decomposition, such as chemical oxidation, UV photolysis, etc.

[0138] In certain embodiments, the activity of a ligand to moderate the catalytic activity of a hydrosilylation reaction can be reduced by decreasing the concentration of the ligand by means of ligand rearrangements such as complex formation, charge transfer, electron transfer, proton transfer, radical transfer, etc.

[0139] In some embodiments, the activity of the ligand to slow down the catalytic activity for the hydrosilylation reaction can be reduced by using larger acoustic waves to provide vibrational energy to knock the catalyst out of the ligand-catalyst complex.

[0140] In some embodiments, the activity of the ligand to moderate the catalytic activity for the hydrosilylation reaction can be reduced using electromagnetic radiation to liberate the catalyst from the ligand-catalyst complex.

[0141] In certain embodiments, the activity of the ligand to moderate catalytic activity for the hydrosilylation reaction can be reduced by using temperature in the form of hot or cold to reduce the strength of the interaction of the ligand-catalyst complex.

[0142] In certain embodiments, the ability of a ligand to moderate catalytic activity for hydrosilylation reactions can be reduced by using an environment that triggers a phase transition in the ligand, affecting the stability of the ligand-catalyst complex.

[0143] In one embodiment, the ligand is a volatile ligand having a vapor pressure of greater than 0.1 mm Hg at about 25° C. In one embodiment, the volatile ligand is volatile at about 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, or 70° C. In one embodiment, the ligand is volatile at about 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, or 50° C. In one embodiment, the volatile ligand is volatile at about 20, 25, 30, 35, or 40° C. In one embodiment, the volatile ligand is volatile at about 35° C. In one embodiment, the volatile ligand is volatile at about 25° C.

[0144] In one embodiment, the volatile ligand provided herein has the following formula (la): [ka] (In the formula, A is R 1 R 2 SiO-, -OR 4 , -NR 5 R 6 , -CR 7 R 8 R 9 Or C 5~10 is aryl; B is absent or -R 11 R 12 Si-0-, -OCONR 13 -, -NR 14 CONR 15 -, -CO-, -NR 16 CO-, -SO 2 -, -0-, -S- or -NR 17 - and; C does not exist or C 1~20 Alkyl, C 2~20 Alkenyl, C 5~10 Aryl, -0-, -NR 10- or -S-; D is absent or -R 18 R 19 Si-0-, -OCONR 20 -, -NR 21 CONR 22 -, -C0-, -NR 23 CO-, -SO 2 -, -0-, -S- or -NR 24 and; E is C 1~20 Alkyl, -SiR 25 R 26 R 27 , -OR 28 , -NR 29 R 30 , -CR 31 R 32 R 33 Or C 5~10 is aryl; R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 18 , R 19 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 31 , R 32 and R 33 are each independently hydrogen, C 1~20 Alkyl, C 2~20 Alkenyl, C 5~10 Aryl, Hydroxyl or C 1~20 is alkoxyl; R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 28 , R 29and R 30 are each independently hydrogen, C 1~20 Alkyl, C 2~20 Alkenyl, C 5~10 is aryl; and f and g are each independently an integer of about 0 to about 6000. The compound is or contains at least one compound represented by the formula:

[0145] In certain embodiments, the volatile ligand may be divinyltetramethyldisilane, divinyldisiloxane, divinyltrisiloxane, trivinyltrimethylcyclotrisiloxane, tetravinyltetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane, tris(vinyldimethylsiloxy)silane, tetrakis(vinyldimethylsiloxy)silane, dimethyl maleate, methyl vinyl ketone, methyl isobutynol, ethyl mercaptan, diethyl sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, dimethyl disulfide. Without being bound by theory, the activity of the volatile ligand decreases upon exposure to air, the ligand evaporates, and the catalyst is free to begin catalysis.

[0146] In some embodiments, the ligand is an acoustically driven ligand. In some embodiments, the acoustically driven ligand can be any of the ligands described above. Without being bound by theory, the activity of the acoustically driven ligand is reduced by exposure to larger acoustic waves, where the larger acoustic waves provide vibrational energy to knock the catalyst out of the ligand-catalyst complex. Selection of the larger acoustic range of frequencies will modulate the rate of hydrosilylation. In some embodiments, if the energy from acoustic cavitation is sufficient to activate free radicals to initiate hydrosilylation, then catalysts and ligands may not be required for hydrosilylation to proceed. In one embodiment, acoustic cavitation activates hydrogen-terminated silicon surfaces for hydrosilylation.

[0147] In some embodiments, the ligand is an electromagnetically driven ligand. In some embodiments, the electromagnetically inductive ligand can be a triazine platinum complex, such as tetrakis(1-phenyl-3-hexyl-triazenido)Pt(TV), Pt(II)-phosphine complex, platinum / oxalate complex, Rt(II)-bis-(diketonate), dicarbonyl-Pt(TV)R3 complex, sulfoxide-Pt(II) complex, etc. Without being bound by theory, the activity of the electromagnetic ligand is reduced by exposure to electromagnetic waves, where electromagnetic waves, such as light, UV, infrared, microwave, etc., provide electromagnetic energy to knock out the catalyst from the ligand-catalyst complex.

[0148] In some embodiments, the ligand is a heat-sensitive ligand. In some embodiments, the heat-sensitive ligand can be a platinum complex of triazine, such as tetrakis(1-phenyl-3-hexyl-triazenido)Pt(IV), Pt(II)-phosphine complex, etc. Without being bound by theory, the activity of the heat-sensitive ligand is reduced by exposure to direct heat sources or heat as a by-product of chemical reactions, microwaves, and other sources, and heat acts to release the catalyst from the ligand-catalyst complex.

[0149] In some embodiments, the volatile ligand is used in combination with an acoustically driven ligand, an electromagnetically driven ligand, or a thermally sensitive ligand. In some embodiments, the volatile ligand is used in combination with an acoustically driven encapsulant, an electromagnetically driven encapsulant, or a thermally sensitive encapsulant. In some embodiments, the volatile ligand is divinyldisiloxane.

[0150] In some embodiments, the volatile ligand is used in combination with a non-volatile ligand, such as vinyldimethiconeconylcyclodimethicone, hi some embodiments, the volatile ligand is divinyldisiloxane.

[0151] In some embodiments, the volatile ligand is used in combination with a volatile component and is either miscible with volatile ligands such as disiloxanes, trisiloxanes, isododecane, xylene, octene, isopropanol, ethanol, or is immiscible with volatile ligands such as water, esters, etc.

[0152] In some embodiments, examples of light-sensitive ligands can be found and prepared according to the disclosures of Wadge, Soizic, “Progressing towards a photoswitchable Karstedfs catalyst,” Diss. Dept of Chemistry-Simon Fraser University, 2009 and Kaur, Brahmjot, et al, “Using light to control the inhibition of Karstedfs catalyst,” Organic Chemistry Frontiers 6.8 (2019): 1253-1256, which are incorporated by reference in their entireties.

[0153] 6.1.2 Encapsulating Agents In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is a chemical or functional group that forms a physical or chemical barrier, such as a microcapsule, a self-assembled structure, or a network structure with a catalyst or a hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane.

[0154] In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a polysaccharide, a protein, a lipid, or a synthetic polymer. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a polysaccharide, where the polysaccharide is a gum, a starch, a cellulose, a cyclodextrin, or chitosan. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a protein, where the protein is gelatin, casein, or soy protein. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a lipid, where the lipid is a wax, paraffin, or oil. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a synthetic polymer, where the synthetic polymer is an acrylic polymer, a polyvinyl alcohol, or a polyvinylpyrrolidone. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is an inorganic material. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is an inorganic material, where the inorganic material is a silicate, a clay, or a polyphosphate. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a biopolymer or a biodegradable polymer. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a biopolymer, where the biopolymer is a starch. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a biodegradable polymer, where the biodegradable polymer is chitosan, hyaluronic acid, cyclodextrin, alginic acid, an aliphatic polyester, or a copolymer of lactic acid and glycolic acid. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is an aliphatic polyester, where the aliphatic polyester is poly(lactic acid). In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a copolymer of lactic acid and glycolic acid, where the copolymer of lactic acid and glycolic acid is poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid). In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is polyurethane 1, polyurethane-11, polyurethane 14, polyurethane-6, polyurethane-2, polyurethane 18, or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is polyurethane 1. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a self-assembling polymer. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a network-forming inorganic dispersion system. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a network-forming inorganic-organic hybrid system.

[0155] In certain embodiments, the encapsulating agent can slow down or inhibit the catalytic activity of the hydrosilylation reaction in which the compositions provided herein form a chemically crosslinked network.

[0156] In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture without significant crosslinking. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture without significant crosslinking. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 25° C. to 99% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 25° C. to 50% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 25° C. to 25% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 25° C. to 10% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 25° C. to about 1% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 25° C. to about 0.1% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 25° C. to about 0.01% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 25° C. to about 0.001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 25° C. to about 0.0001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 25° C. to about 0.00001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent.In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction to about 0.000001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent at about 25° C. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction to about 0.0000001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent at about 25° C. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to inhibit the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction to 0% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent at about 25° C.

[0157] In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and these components may be combined and stored together as a mixture without significant crosslinking. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 5° C. to 99% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 5° C. to 50% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 5° C. to 25% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 5° C. to 10% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow down the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 5° C. to about 1% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.1% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.01% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.0001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.00001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.00001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.0000001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent.In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to inhibit the reaction rate of the crosslinking reaction at about 5° C. to 0% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent.

[0158] In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent can retard or inhibit catalytic activity of the hydrosilylation reaction in which the compositions provided herein form a chemically crosslinked network. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent can reduce the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 25° C. to 99% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent can reduce the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 25° C. to 50% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent can reduce the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 25° C. to 25% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent can reduce the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 25° C. to 10% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent can reduce the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 25° C. to about 1% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent can reduce the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 25° C. to about 0.1% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent can reduce the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 25° C. to about 0.01% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent can reduce the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 25° C. to about 0.001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent can reduce the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 25° C. to about 0.0001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent can reduce the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 25° C. to about 0.00001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent can reduce the reaction rate of a hydrosilylation reaction at about 25° C. to about 0.000001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent.In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent can slow the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction to about 0.0000001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent at about 25° C. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent can slow the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction to 0% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent at about 25° C. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent can inhibit the reaction rate from about 25° C. to about 0% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent.

[0159] In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent can slow or inhibit the hydrosilylation reaction in which the compositions provided herein form a chemically crosslinked network. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent can reduce the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 5° C. to 99% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent can reduce the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 5° C. to 50% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent can reduce the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 5° C. to 25% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent can reduce the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 5° C. to 10% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent can reduce the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 5° C. to about 1% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent can reduce the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.1% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent can reduce the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.01% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent can reduce the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent can reduce the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.0001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent can reduce the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.00001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent can reduce the reaction rate of the hydrosilylation reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.000001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is capable of reducing the reaction rate of a hydrosilylation reaction at about 5° C. to about 0.0000001% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent.In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent can reduce the reaction rate of a hydrosilylation reaction at about 5° C. to 0% of the reaction rate in the absence of the encapsulating agent.

[0160] In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture for about 30 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture for about 60 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture for about 90 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture for about 120 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined together and stored as a mixture for about 180 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined together and stored as a mixture for about 365 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined together and stored as a mixture for about 730 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and these components can be combined and stored together in a mixture at about 25° C. for about three years without significant crosslinking.

[0161] In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture for about 30 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture for about 60 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture for about 90 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture for about 120 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture for about 180 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is at a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and the components can be combined and stored together as a mixture for about 365 days at about 25° C. without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is in a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and these components can be combined and stored together as a mixture at about 25° C. for about 730 days without significant crosslinking.In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is in a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and these components can be combined and stored together in a mixture at about 25° C. for about three years without significant crosslinking.

[0162] In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is present at a concentration of about 1% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is present at a concentration of about 10% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is present at a concentration of about 20% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is present at a concentration of about 30% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is present at a concentration of about 40% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is present at a concentration of about 50% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is present at a concentration of about 60% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is present at a concentration of about 70% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is present at a concentration of about 80% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is present at a concentration of about 90% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is present at a concentration of about 95% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is present at a concentration of about 99% by weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is present at a concentration of about 99.9% by weight of the composition.

[0163] In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the encapsulating agent to the transition metal is about 10 7 In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the encapsulating agent to the transition metal is about 10:1. 6 In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the encapsulating agent to the transition metal or hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane is about 10:1. 5 In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the encapsulating agent to the transition metal is about 10:1. 4 In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the encapsulating agent to the transition metal is about 10:1. 3 In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the encapsulating agent to the transition metal is about 10:1. 2:1. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the encapsulating agent to the transition metal is about 10:1. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the encapsulating agent to the transition metal is about 1:1. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the encapsulating agent to the transition metal is about 1:2. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the encapsulating agent to the transition metal is about 1:5. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the encapsulating agent to the transition metal is about 500:1.

[0164] In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the encapsulating agent to the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane is about 10 7 In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the encapsulating agent to the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane is about 10:1. 6 In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the encapsulating agent to the transition metal or hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane is about 10:1. 5 In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the encapsulating agent to the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane is about 10:1. 4 In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the encapsulating agent to the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane is about 10:1. 3 In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the encapsulating agent to the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane is about 10:1. 2 :1. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the encapsulating agent to the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane is about 10:1. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the encapsulating agent to the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane is about 1:1. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the encapsulating agent to the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane is about 1:2. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the encapsulating agent to the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane is about 1:5. In one embodiment, the molar ratio of the encapsulating agent to the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane is about 500:1.

[0165] In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a modifier that retards or inhibits the hydrosilylation reaction in which the compositions provided herein form a chemically crosslinked network. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a modifier that retards or inhibits the hydrosilylation reaction by forming microcapsules with the catalyst or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a modifier that reversibly forms microcapsules with the catalyst or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a modifier that dissociates with the catalyst or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane at higher temperatures, for example, about 25°C, about 30°C, about 35°C, about 40°C, about 50°C, about 60°C, about 70°C. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a modifier that dissociates with the catalyst or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane by evaporation. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a modifier that dissociates with the catalyst or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane by solvent extraction. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a modifier that dissociates with the catalyst or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane under sonic waves. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a modifier that dissociates with the catalyst or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane under electromagnetic waves. Without being bound by theory, once the encapsulating agent is dissociated from the catalyst or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the hydrosilylation reaction is no longer retarded.

[0166] In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a retarder that retards the hydrosilylation reaction in which the compositions provided herein form a chemically crosslinked network. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a retarder that retards the hydrosilylation reaction by forming a complex with the catalyst or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a retarder that reversibly forms microcapsules with the catalyst or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a retarder that dissociates with the catalyst or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane at higher temperatures, for example, about 25°C, about 30°C, about 35°C, about 40°C, about 50°C, about 60°C, about 70°C. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a retarder that dissociates with the catalyst or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane under sonic waves. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a retarder that dissociates with the catalyst or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane under electromagnetic waves. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that once the encapsulating agent is dissociated from the catalyst or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the hydrosilylation reaction is no longer retarded.

[0167] In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is an inhibitor that inhibits the hydrosilylation reaction in which the compositions provided herein form a chemically crosslinked network. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is an inhibitor that inhibits the hydrosilylation reaction by forming a physical or chemical barrier, such as a microcapsule, with the catalyst or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is an inhibitor that can be removed for reactivation with the catalyst or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. In one specific example, the encapsulating agent is an inhibitor that can be removed at higher temperatures, for example, about 25°C, about 30°C, about 35°C, about 40°C, about 50°C, about 60°C, about 70°C. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is an inhibitor that can be removed with sonic waves. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is an inhibitor that can be removed with electromagnetic waves.

[0168] In certain embodiments, the encapsulating agent can slow down or inhibit catalytic activity of the hydrosilylation reaction such that no more than about 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5%, 8%, or 10% of the functional moieties react over a period of one day, one week, one month, or one year.

[0169] In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent can stabilize the catalyst or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane and spatially separate the catalyst or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane from one another, thus inhibiting the catalyst from forming larger structures and altering the catalytic activity.

[0170] In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent can stabilize the catalyst or the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane and spatially separate the catalyst from the hydrogen-functionalized organopolysiloxane or vice versa, thus inhibiting the initiation of hydrosilylation intermediates and modifying the catalytic activity of the catalyst.

[0171] In certain embodiments, the encapsulating agent can stabilize the catalyst such that up to about 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5%, 10%, or 50% of the catalyst catalyzes the hydrosilylation reaction.

[0172] In certain embodiments, the encapsulating agent can stabilize the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane such that up to about 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5%, 10%, or 50% of the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane is accessible to the hydrosilylation reaction.

[0173] In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent can form a physical or chemical barrier, such as a microcapsule, with the catalyst or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane to slow down the catalytic activity of the hydrosilylation reaction.

[0174] In certain embodiments, the encapsulating agent can form a physical or chemical barrier, such as a microcapsule, with the catalyst such that at least about 99.9%, 99.5%, 99%, 98%, 95%, 92%, 90%, 70%, 50%, 25%, 10%, or 5% of the catalyst or hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane forms a microcapsule with the encapsulating agent.

[0175] In certain embodiments, the encapsulating agent is capable of forming a physical or chemical barrier, such as a microcapsule, with the catalyst such that at least about 99.9%, 99.5%, 99%, 98%, 95%, 92%, 90%, 70%, 50%, 25%, 10%, or 5% of the encapsulating agent forms a microcapsule with the catalyst or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane.

[0176] In one embodiment, at least about 5% of the encapsulating agent forms encapsulating agent-catalyst microcapsules and at least about 99% of the catalyst forms encapsulating agent-catalyst microcapsules.

[0177] In one embodiment, the amount of encapsulating agent is sufficient to form encapsulating agent-catalyst microcapsules with about 100% catalyst, hi some embodiments, the amount of encapsulating agent is about 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 3.0, 3.4, 3.6, 3.9, 4.0, 4.5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, or 100 times the amount in moles required to form encapsulating agent-catalyst microcapsules with about 100% catalyst.

[0178] In one embodiment, at least about 5% of the encapsulating agent forms encapsulating agent-hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane microcapsules and at least about 99% of the catalyst forms encapsulating agent-hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane microcapsules.

[0179] In one embodiment, the amount of the encapsulating agent is sufficient to form an encapsulated hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane microcapsule comprising about 100% hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. In some embodiments, the amount of the encapsulating agent is about 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 3.0, 3.4, 3.6, 3.9, 4.0, 4.5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, or 100 times the amount in moles required to form an encapsulated hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane microcapsule comprising about 100% hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane.

[0180] In certain embodiments, the activity of the encapsulating agent to slow down or inhibit activity for the hydrosilylation reaction can be reduced by decreasing the concentration of the encapsulating agent.

[0181] In some embodiments, the activity of the encapsulating agent to slow down or inhibit the activity of the hydrosilylation reaction can be reduced by reducing the concentration of the encapsulating agent by evaporation. In some embodiments, the activity of the encapsulating agent to slow down or inhibit the activity of the hydrosilylation reaction can be reduced by reducing the concentration of the encapsulating agent by adsorption, including physisorption and chemisorption; or adsorption and absorption.

[0182] In some embodiments, the concentration of the encapsulating agent can be reduced by means of phase separation, including solidification, crystallization, precipitation, surface autosegregation, interfacial autosegregation, phase extraction, phase inversion, or coacervation, thereby reducing the activity of the encapsulating agent in slowing down or inhibiting the activity of the hydrosilylation reaction.

[0183] In certain embodiments, the activity of the encapsulating agent to slow down or inhibit the activity of the hydrosilylation reaction can be reduced by reducing the concentration of the encapsulating agent through migration of the encapsulating agent, such as by solvent extraction.

[0184] In some embodiments, the activity of the encapsulating agent to slow down or inhibit the activity of the hydrosilylation reaction can be reduced by reducing the concentration of the encapsulating agent by means of encapsulating agent decomposition such as chemical oxidation, photodecomposition with UV, or the like.

[0185] In certain embodiments, the activity of the encapsulating agent to slow down or inhibit the activity of the hydrosilylation reaction can be reduced by reducing the concentration of the encapsulating agent by means of encapsulating agent reorganization, such as charge transfer, electron transfer, proton transfer, radical transfer, etc.

[0186] In some embodiments, larger sound waves can be used to reduce the activity of the encapsulating agent that slows or inhibits the activity of the hydrosilylation reaction, providing vibrational energy to knock out the catalyst or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane from the microcapsules that contain the encapsulating agent-catalyst or encapsulating agent-hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane.

[0187] In some embodiments, the activity of the encapsulating agent to slow down or inhibit the activity of the hydrosilylation reaction can be reduced using electromagnetic radiation to liberate the catalyst or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane from the microcapsules containing the encapsulating agent-catalyst or encapsulating agent-hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane.

[0188] In some embodiments, the activity of the encapsulating agent to slow down or inhibit activity for the hydrosilylation reaction can be reduced using temperature as a form of heat or cold to reduce the strength of the encapsulating agent-catalyst or encapsulating agent-hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane microcapsule interaction.

[0189] In some embodiments, the activity of the encapsulating agent to slow down or inhibit the activity of the hydrosilylation reaction can be reduced by using an environment that induces a phase transition in the encapsulating agent and affects the stability of the encapsulating agent-catalyst or encapsulating agent-hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane microcapsules.

[0190] In certain embodiments, the encapsulating agent is a volatile encapsulating agent having a vapor pressure of greater than 0.1 mmHg at about 25° C. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is a volatile encapsulating agent. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is volatile at about 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, or 70° C. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is volatile at about 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, or 50° C. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is volatile at about 20, 25, 30, 35, or 40° C. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is volatile at about 35° C. In one embodiment, the encapsulating agent is volatile at about 25° C. Without being bound by theory, the activity of a volatile encapsulating agent decreases upon exposure to air, where the encapsulating agent evaporates and the catalyst is free to catalyze.

[0191] In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is an acoustically driven encapsulating agent. In some embodiments, the acoustically driven encapsulating agent may be any of the encapsulating agents described above. Without being bound by theory, the activity of the acoustically driven encapsulating agent is reduced by exposure to larger acoustic waves, where the larger acoustic waves provide vibrational energy to knock out the catalyst or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane from the encapsulating agent-catalyst or encapsulating agent-hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane microcapsules. Selecting a larger acoustic range of frequencies will adjust the rate of hydrosilylation. In some embodiments, catalyst and encapsulating agent are not required for hydrosilylation to proceed, since the energy from acoustic cavitation may be sufficient to activate free radicals to initiate hydrosilylation. In one embodiment, acoustic cavitation activates hydrogen-terminated silicon surfaces to cause hydrosilylation.

[0192] In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is an electromagnetically-driven encapsulating agent. Without being bound by theory, the activity of the electromagnetically-driven encapsulating agent is reduced by exposure to electromagnetic radiation, where electromagnetic radiation, such as light, UV, infrared, microwaves, etc., provides electromagnetic energy to knock out the catalyst or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane from the microcapsules that contain the encapsulating agent-catalyst or encapsulating agent-hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane.

[0193] In some embodiments, the encapsulating agent is a heat-sensitive encapsulating agent. Without being bound by theory, the activity of heat-sensitive encapsulating agents is reduced by exposure to direct heat sources or heat as a by-product of chemical reactions, microwaves, and other sources; where heat acts to release the catalyst or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane from the microcapsules comprising the encapsulating agent-catalyst or encapsulating agent-hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane.

[0194] In some embodiments, a volatile encapsulating agent is used in combination with an acoustically-driven, electromagnetically-driven, or thermally-sensitive encapsulating agent, hi some embodiments, the volatile encapsulating agent is used in combination with an acoustically-driven, electromagnetically-driven, or thermally-sensitive ligand.

[0195] In some embodiments, a volatile encapsulant is used in combination with a volatile component, which is either miscible with the volatile encapsulant, such as disiloxane, trisiloxane, isododecane, xylene, octene, isopropanol, ethanol, or is immiscible with the volatile encapsulant, such as water, esters, etc.

[0196] 6.1.3 Catalysts In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a catalyst that promotes hydrosilylation of one or more crosslinkable polymers. A "catalyst" includes any substance that initiates, promotes, or initiates a physical and / or chemical hydrosilylation reaction. The catalyst may or may not undergo permanent physical and / or chemical changes during or at the end of the process. In preferred embodiments, the catalyst is capable of initiating and / or promoting hydrosilylation at or below body temperature, such as, for example, Group VIII metal catalysts, such as platinum, rhodium, palladium, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, osmium, and iridium catalysts, and Group IVA metal catalysts, such as germanium and tin. In more preferred embodiments, the catalyst is a platinum catalyst, a rhodium catalyst, or a tin catalyst. Examples of platinum catalysts include, for example, platinum carbonylcyclovinylmethylsiloxane complexes, platinum divinyltetramethyldisiloxane complexes, platinum cyclovinylmethylsiloxane complexes, platinum octanaldehyde / octanol complexes, and other Pt(0) catalysts such as Karstadt's catalyst, platinum-alcohol complexes, platinum-alkoxide complexes, platinum-ether complexes, platinum-aldehyde complexes, platinum-ketone complexes, platinum-halogen complexes, platinum-sulfur complexes, platinum-nitrogen complexes, platinum-phosphorus complexes, platinum-carbon double bond complexes, platinum-carbon triple bond complexes, platinum-imido complexes, platinum-amide complexes, platinum-ester complexes, platinum-phosphate ester complexes, platinum-phosphate esters, platinum-thiol ester complexes, platinum lone pair complexes, platinum-aromatic complexes, platinum-pi-electron complexes, and combinations thereof. Examples of rhodium catalysts include tris(dibutylsulfide)rhodium trichloride and rhodium trichloride hydrate. Examples of tin catalysts include tin II octoate, tin II neodecanoate, dibutyltin diisooctylmaleate, di-n-butyl bis(2,4 pentanedionate), di-n-butyl butoxychlorotin, dibutyltin dilaurate, dimethyltin dineodecanoate, dimethylhydroxy(oleate), tin II oleate, etc. In a preferred embodiment, the catalyst is a platinum catalyst. In a more preferred embodiment, the catalyst is a platinum divinyltetramethyldisiloxane complex.

[0197] In a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.001 to about 1% by weight (i.e., about 10 ppm to about 1,000 ppm), preferably about 0.005 to about 0.05% by weight (i.e., about 50 ppm to about 500 ppm), of the catalyst. In a further preferred embodiment, the composition comprises about 0.01% to about 0.03% by weight of the catalyst.

[0198] 6.1.4 Ligand-catalyst complexes In one embodiment, the ligand-catalyst complex is Karstadt's catalyst. In one embodiment, the ligand in the ligand-catalyst complex is 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane. In one embodiment, the chemical formula of the ligand-catalyst complex is 24 H 54 0 3 Pt 2 S 6 In one embodiment, the structure of the ligand-catalyst complex is: [ka]

[0199] In one embodiment, the preferred ligand in the ligand-catalyst complex is 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane or divinyldisiloxane. In one embodiment, the most preferred ligand in the ligand-catalyst complex is 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane. In one embodiment, the ligand has the formula: 8 H 18 OSi 2 In one embodiment, the structure of the ligand is: [ka]

[0200] In one embodiment, the ligand in the ligand-catalyst complex is 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethyl-1,5-divinyltrisiloxane. In one embodiment, the ligand has the formula: 10 H 24 O 2 S3 In one embodiment, the structure of the ligand is: [ka]

[0201] In one embodiment, the ligand in the ligand-catalyst complex is 1,5-divinyl-3-phenylpentamethyltrisiloxane. In one embodiment, the ligand has the formula: 15 H 26 0 2 S 3 In one embodiment, the structure of the ligand is: [ka]

[0202] In one embodiment, the ligand in the ligand-catalyst complex is 1,1,5,5-tetramethyl-3,3-diphenyl-1,5-divinyltrisiloxane. In one embodiment, the ligand has the formula: 20 H 28 O 2 S 3 In one embodiment, the structure of the ligand is: [ka]

[0203] In one embodiment, the ligand in the ligand-catalyst complex is 1,3,5-trivinyl-1,3,5-trimethylcyclotrisiloxane. In one embodiment, the ligand has the formula: 9 H 18 C 3 S 3 In one embodiment, the structure of the ligand is: [ka]

[0204] In one embodiment, the ligand in the ligand-catalyst complex is 2,4,6,8-tetramethyltetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane. In one embodiment, the ligand has the formula: 12 H 24 O 4 S 4 In one embodiment, the structure of the ligand is: [ka]

[0205] In one embodiment, the ligand in the ligand-catalyst complex is 1,3,5,7,9-pentamethyl-1,3,5,7,9-pentavinylcyclopentasiloxane. In one embodiment, the ligand has the formula 15 H 30 O 5 S 5 In one embodiment, the structure of the ligand is: [ka]

[0206] In one embodiment, the ligand in the ligand-catalyst complex is tris(vinyldimethylsiloxy)methylsilane. In one embodiment, the ligand has the formula 13 H 30 O 3 S 4 In one embodiment, the structure of the ligand is: [ka]

[0207] In one embodiment, the ligand in the ligand-catalyst complex is tetrakis(vinyldimethylsiloxy)silane. In one embodiment, the ligand has the formula 16 H 36 O 4 S 5 In one embodiment, the structure of the ligand is: [ka]

[0208] In one embodiment, the ligand in the ligand-catalyst complex is methacryloxypropyltris(vinyldimethylsiloxy)silane. In one embodiment, the ligand has the formula 19 H 38 O 5 S 4 In one embodiment, the structure of the ligand is: [ka]

[0209] In one embodiment, the ligand in the ligand-catalyst complex is 1,2-divinyltetramethyldisilane. In one embodiment, the ligand has the formula: 8 H 18 O 5 S 2 In one embodiment, the structure of the ligand is: [ka]

[0210] In one embodiment, the ligand in the ligand-catalyst complex is 1,5-hexadiene. In one embodiment, the ligand has the formula: 6 H 10 In one embodiment, the structure of the ligand is: [ka]

[0211] In one embodiment, the ligand in the ligand-catalyst complex is 1,4-hexadiene. In one embodiment, the ligand has the formula: 6 H 10 In one embodiment, the structure of the ligand is: [ka]

[0212] In one embodiment, the ligand in the ligand-catalyst complex is an octadiene. In one embodiment, the ligand has the formula 8 H 14 In one embodiment, the structure of the ligand is: [ka]

[0213] In one embodiment, the ligand in the ligand-catalyst complex is dimethylbutadiene. In one embodiment, the ligand has the formula: 6 H 10 In one embodiment, the structure of the ligand is: [ka]

[0214] In one embodiment, the ligand in the ligand-catalyst complex is dimethylhexadiene. In one embodiment, the ligand has the formula: 8 H 14 In one embodiment, the structure of the ligand is: [ka]

[0215] In one embodiment, the ligand in the ligand-catalyst complex is dimethyloctadiene. In one embodiment, the ligand has the formula: 10 H 18 In one embodiment, the structure of the ligand is: [ka]

[0216] In one embodiment, the ligand in the ligand-catalyst complex is methyl vinyl ketone. In one embodiment, the ligand has the formula 4 H 6 O. In one embodiment, the structure of the ligand is: [ka]

[0217] In one embodiment, the ligand in the ligand-catalyst complex is dimethyl maleate. In one embodiment, the ligand has the formula 6 H 8 O 4 In one embodiment, the structure of the ligand is: [ka]

[0218] In one embodiment, the ligand in the ligand-catalyst complex is dimethyl fumarate. In one embodiment, the ligand has the formula 6 H 8 O 4 In one embodiment, the structure of the ligand is: [ka]

[0219] In one embodiment, the ligand in the ligand-catalyst complex is (3E)-4-methoxy-3-buten-2-one. In one embodiment, the ligand has the formula 5 H 8 O 2 In one embodiment, the structure of the ligand is: [ka]

[0220] In one embodiment, the ligand in the ligand-catalyst complex is (E)-2-ethylhex-2-enal. In one embodiment, the ligand has the formula: 8 H 14 O. In one embodiment, the structure of the ligand is: [ka]

[0221] In one embodiment, the ligand in the ligand-catalyst complex is pent-1-en-3-one. 5 H 8 O. In one embodiment, the structure of the ligand is: [ka]

[0222] In one embodiment, the ligand is 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethyl-1,5-divinyltrisiloxane, 1,5-divinyl-3-phenylpentamethyltrisiloxane, 1,1,5,5-tetramethyl-3,3-diphenyl-1,5-divinyltrisiloxane, 1,3,5-trivinyl-1,3,5-trimethylcyclotrisiloxane, 2,4,6,8-tetramethyltetravinylcyclosiloxane, 1,3,5,7,9-pentamethyl- In one embodiment, the ligand is combined with 1,3,5,7,9-pentavinylcyclopentasiloxane, tris(vinyldimethylsiloxy)methylsilane, tetrakis(vinyldimethylsiloxy)silane, methacryloxypropyltri(vinyldimethylsiloxy)silane, 1,2-divinyltetramethyldisilane, methylvinylketone, dimethylmaleic acid, dimethylfumaric acid, (3E)-4-methoxy-3-buten-2-one, (E)-2-ethylhex-2-enal, pent-1-en-3-one, or maleic acid. In one embodiment, the ligand is combined with divinyldisiloxane.

[0223] 6.1.5 Capsules - Catalyst Microcapsules In one embodiment, the encapsulant-catalyst microcapsules are prepared by emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization, interfacial polymerization, coacervation / phase separation, solvent evaporation / extraction, sol-gel encapsulation, greater than critical fluid assisted microencapsulation, multilayer assembly, spray drying, spray chilling, coextrusion, spinning disk, fluidized bed coating, melt congealing, or polymer precipitation. In one embodiment, the encapsulant-catalyst microcapsules are prepared by solvent evaporation / extraction or spray-drying. In one embodiment, the encapsulant-catalyst microcapsules are prepared by solvent evaporation / extraction. In one embodiment, the encapsulant-catalyst microcapsules are prepared by spray drying.

[0224] 6.1.6 Vinyl fiberized organic polysiloxane In one embodiment, the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxanes provided herein have at least one or more of the following formula I: [ka] (In the formula, W is R 1 R 3 SiO-, -OR 4 , -NR 5 R 6 , -CR 7 R 8 R 9 Or C 5~10 is aryl; X is either absent or -R 11 R 12 Si-0-, -OCONR 13 -, -NR 14 CONR 15 -, -CO-, -NR 16 CO-, -SO 2 , -0-, -S- or -NR 17 - and; V is non-existent or C 1~20 Alkyl, C 2~20 Alkenyl, C 5~10 Aryl, -0-, -NR 10 - or -S-; Y is non-existent or -R 18 R19 Si-0-, -OCONR 20 -, -NR 21 CONR 22 -, -CO-, -NR 23 CO-, -SO 2 , -0-, -S- or -NR 24 and; Z is C 1~20 Alkyl, -SiR 25 R 26 R 27 , -OR 28 , -NR 29 R 30 , -CR 31 R 32 R 33 Or C 5~10 is aryl; R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 18 , R 19 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 31 , R 32 and R 33 are each independently hydrogen, C 1~20 Alkyl, C 2~20 Alkenyl, C 5~10 Aryl, Hydroxyl or C 1~20 is alkoxyl; R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 24 , R 28 , R 29 and R 30 are each independently hydrogen, C 1~20 Alkyl, C2~20 Alkenyl, C 5~10 is aryl; and s and t are each independently an integer of about 0 to about 6000. The compound is or comprises at least one or more compounds of

[0225] In some embodiments, the composition contains a plurality of compounds of formula I, each of which may be the same or different.

[0226] X and Y in formula I represent independent "monomer units." The number of X and Y monomer units present in formula I is driven by the values ​​of s and t, respectively. Representative monomer units include the following: [ka] (In the formula, R is the same as defined above for R1, R2, R3, etc.) Examples include:

[0227] When multiple X (or Y) monomer units are present (e.g., when s (or t) is greater than 1), R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 , R 18 , R 19 , R 20 , R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , and R 24 It is understood that the value of is selected independently for each individual monomeric unit represented as -[X]s- (or -[Y]t-). For example, if the value of monomeric unit X is -R 11 R 12 In Si-0-, if s is 3, then -[X]s- is: [ka] It is. In this example, there are three R 11The groups may be the same or different from each other, for example, one R 11 The group is hydrogen and the two other R 11 It is understood that the group may be methyl.

[0228] W and Z in formula I represent independent end caps, one at each end of the polymer, such as, for example, the following end caps: [ka] (wherein: [ka] represents an attachment to a monomer unit, and R is as defined above for R1, R2, R3, etc. In one embodiment, W is R 1 R 2 R 3 SiO-, -OR 4 , -NR 5 R 6 , -CR 7 R 8 R 9 Or C 5~10 is aryl; X is -R 11 R 12 Si-0- or -NR 14 CONR 15 - and; V is non-existent or C 1~20 Alkyl, C 2~20 Alkenyl, C 5~10 Aryl, -0-, -NR 10 - or -S-; Y is -R 18 R 19 Si-0- or -NR 21 CONR 22 - and; Z is -SiR 25 R 26 R 27 , -OR 28 , -NR 29 R 30 , -CR31 R 32 R 33 Or C 5~10 is aryl; R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 11 , R 12 , R 18 , R 19 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 31 , R 32 and R 33 are each independently hydrogen, C 1~20 Alkyl, C 2~20 Alkenyl, C 5~10 Aryl, Hydroxyl or C 1~20 is alkoxyl; R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 14 , R 15 , R 21 , R 22 , R 28 , R 29 and R 30 are each independently hydrogen, C 1~20 Alkyl, C 2~20 Alkenyl, C 5~10 is aryl; and Each of s and t is independently an integer of about 0 to about 6000, provided that the sum of s and t is not 0.

[0229] In one embodiment, W is R 1 R 2 R 3 SiO-, -CR 7 R 8 R 9 Or C 5~10 is aryl; X is -R 11 R 12 Si-0- or -NR 14 CONR 15 - and; V is non-existent or C1~20 Alkyl, C 2~20 Alkenyl, C 5~10 is aryl; Y is -R 18 R 19 Si-0- or -NR 21 CONR 22 - and; Z is -SiR 25 R 26 R 27 , -CR 31 R 32 R 33 Or C 5~10 is aryl; R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 11 , R 12 , R 18 , R 19 , R 25 , R 26 , R 27 , R 31 , R 32 and R 33 are each independently hydrogen, C 1~20 Alkyl, C 2~20 Alkenyl, C 5~10 Aryl, Hydroxyl or C 1~20 is alkoxyl; R 14 , R 15 , R 21 and R 22 are each independently hydrogen, C 1~20 Alkyl, C 2~20 Alkenyl, C 5~10 is aryl; and Each of s and t is independently an integer of about 0 to about 6000, provided that the sum of s and t is not 0.

[0230] In one embodiment, V is absent and W is R 1 R 2 R 3 SiO-, where X is -R 11 R 12 Si-0- and Y is -R 18R 19 Si-0-, Z is -SiR 25 R 26 R 27 and R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 11 , R 12 , R 18 , R 19 , R 25 , R 26 and R 27 are each independently C 1~20 Alkyl (e.g., C such as methyl) 1 Alkyl), C 2~20 Alkenyl (e.g., vinyl, etc. 2 alkenyl). In one embodiment, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 11 , R 12 , R 18 , R 19 , R 25 , R 26 and R 27 At least one of the following is C 2~20 Alkenyl, e.g. C 2 alkenyl (e.g., vinyl). In other embodiments, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 11 , R 12 , R 18 , R 19 , R 25 , R 26 and R 27 At least two of the 2~20 Alkenyl, e.g. C 2 alkenyl (e.g., vinyl). In some embodiments, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 25 , R 26 and R 27 At least one of the following is C 2~20 Alkenyl, e.g. C 2 Alkenyl (eg, vinyl).

[0231] In one embodiment, V is absent and W is R 1 R 2 R 3 SiO-, where X is -R 11 R 12 Si-0- and Y is -R 18 R 19 Si-0-, Z is -SiR 25 R 26 R 27 and R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 25 , R 26 and R 27 are each independently C 1~20 Alkyl (e.g., C such as methyl) 1 Alkyl), C 2~20 Alkenyl (e.g., vinyl, etc. 2 alkenyl), R 11 , R 12 , R 18 and R 19 are each independently C 1~20 Alkyl (e.g., C such as methyl) 1 In one embodiment, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 At least one of, and R 25 , R 26 and R 27 At least one of the following is C 2~20 Alkenyl, e.g. C 2 alkenyl (e.g., vinyl). In one embodiment, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 One of them is C 2 alkenyl (e.g., vinyl), others are C 1~20 Alkyl (e.g., C such as methyl) 1 alkyl), and R 25 , R 26 and R 27 At least one of them is C 2~20 Alkenyl, e.g. C 2 alkenyl (e.g., vinyl), others are C 1~20 Alkyl (e.g., C such as methyl) 1In one embodiment, R 11 or R 12 At least one of and R 18 or R 19 At least one of the following is C 2~20 Alkenyl, e.g., C for at least one monomer unit 2 alkenyl (e.g., vinyl), and R 11 or R 12 One of them is C 2 alkenyl (e.g., vinyl), and the others are C 1~20 Alkyl (e.g., C such as methyl) 1 alkyl), and R 18 or R 19 At least one of the following is C 2~20 Alkenyl, e.g. C 2 alkenyl (e.g., vinyl), and the others have at least one C 1~20 Alkyl (e.g., C such as methyl) 1 alkyl).

[0232] In some embodiments, the organopolysiloxane contains unsaturated moieties only in the end caps of the polymer. In some embodiments, the organopolysiloxane is substantially unsaturated functionalized. In some embodiments, the organopolysiloxane contains vinyl moieties only in the end caps of the polymer. In some embodiments, the organopolysiloxane is substantially vinyl functionalized. In some embodiments, the organopolysiloxane contains vinyl moieties only in the monomer units and not in the end caps of the polymer. In other embodiments, the organopolysiloxane contains vinyl moieties both in the end caps or in the monomer units of the polymer. In one embodiment, the polymer contains two vinyl moieties located either in the end caps or in the monomer units, or a combination thereof. In at least one embodiment, the organopolysiloxane contains vinyl moieties only in the end caps of the polymer and contains Si-H units only in the monomer units and not in the end caps.

[0233] In one embodiment, on average, at least two vinyl moieties are present in the polymer. In some embodiments, at least two vinyl moieties are present in the polymer, and at least two vinyl moieties are present on two end caps of the polymer. In some embodiments, only two vinyl moieties are present in the polymer. In some embodiments, only two vinyl moieties are present in the polymer, and they are located on each end cap. In some embodiments, on average, at least two vinyl moieties are present in the polymer, and at least two vinyl moieties are present in one or more monomer units of the polymer. In some embodiments, the at least two vinyl moieties are present anywhere in the polymer, but are separated from other vinyl moieties by about 2000 monomer units, e.g., 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, or 2500 monomer units. In some embodiments, at least two vinyl moieties are separated on average anywhere in the polymer from other vinyl moieties by about 850 monomer units, e.g., 350, 450, 550, 650, 750, 850, 950, 1050, 1150, 1250, or 1350 monomer units. In some embodiments, the two larger vinyl moieties are separated on average anywhere in the polymer from other vinyl moieties by about 40 monomer units, e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, or 80 monomer units. In some embodiments, vinyl moieties and one or more Si-H units are present. Alternatively, in one embodiment, when vinyl moieties are present, no Si-H is present.

[0234] In one embodiment, V is absent and W is R 1 R 2 R 3 SiO-, where X is -R 11 R 12 Si-0- and Y is -R 18 R 19 Si-0-, Z is -SiR 25 R 26 R 27 and R 1 , R 2 , R3 , R 11 , R 12 , R 18 , R 19 , R 25 , R 26 and R 27 are each independently C 1~20 Alkyl (e.g., C such as methyl) 1 In one embodiment, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 25 , R 26 and R 27 are each independently 1~20 Alkyl (e.g., C such as methyl) 1 alkyl), R 11 , R 12 , R 18 , R 19 are each independently hydrogen or C 1~20 Alkyl (e.g., C such as methyl) 1 alkyl), where R 11 , R 12 , R 18 , R 19 is hydrogen for at least one monomer unit. In one embodiment, there is an average of more than two Si-H units (e.g., R 11 , R 12 , R 18 , R 19 where one or more of R are hydrogen) are present in the polymer, for example, in one embodiment, there may be 3 to 15 Si-H units, with an average of 8 Si-H units. In one embodiment, one or more Si-H units (e.g., R 11 , R 12 , R 18 , R 19 In one embodiment, at least two monomer units are present in the polymer, on average, at least one of which is a -Si-H unit (e.g., R 11 , R 12 , R 18 , R 19 In one embodiment, at least three monomer units contain, on average, -Si-H units (e.g., R11 , R 12 , R 18 , R 19 In one embodiment, at least four of the monomer units contain, on average, -Si-H units (e.g., R 11 , R 12 , R 18 One or more of and R 19 In one embodiment, at least five of the monomer units contain, on average, a -Si-H unit (e.g., R 11 , R 12 , R 18 One or more of and R 19 In one embodiment, at least six of the monomer units contain, on average, a -Si-H unit (e.g., R 11 , R 12 , R 18 One or more of and R 19 In one embodiment, at least seven of the monomer units contain, on average, a -Si-H unit (e.g., R 11 , R 12 , R 18 One or more of and R 19 In one embodiment, at least 8 of the monomer units contain, on average, -Si-H units (e.g., R 11 , R 12 , R 18 One or more of and R 19 is hydrogen). In one embodiment, Si-H units may be present in the monomer units listed above and in one or both of the end caps. In one embodiment, one or more Si-H units may be present only in the monomer units listed above and not in any of the end caps. In some embodiments, Si-(alkyl) or Si-(vinyl) units may also be present in the polymer. In some embodiments, S1-CH 3 and Si-H units are present, and in some embodiments the monomer units or end caps have at least one of C and C-H units for the non-Si-H positions of the polymer. 1~20 Alkyl, particularly methyl, groups are included.

[0235] In some embodiments, on average, at least two Si-H units are present in the polymer. In some embodiments, the at least two Si-H moieties are present anywhere in the polymer on average, but are separated from other Si-H moieties by about 2000 monomer units, e.g., 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, or 2500 monomer units. In some embodiments, on average, the at least two Si-H moieties are present only in the monomer units of the polymer, not in the end caps, and are separated from other Si-H moieties by about 2000 monomer units, e.g., 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, or 2500 monomer units. In some embodiments, the at least two Si-H units are present, on average, anywhere in the polymer, but are separated from other Si-H moieties by about 850 monomer units, e.g., 350, 450, 550, 650, 750, 800, 850, 950, 1050, 1150, 1250, or 1350 monomer units. In some embodiments, the at least two Si-H moieties are present only in the monomer units of the polymer, and are not endcapped, and are separated from other Si-H moieties by about 2000 monomer units, e.g., 350, 450, 550, 650, 750, 800, 850, 950, 1050, 1150, 1250, or 1350 monomer units. In some embodiments, on average, greater than two Si-H units are present anywhere in the polymer, but are separated from other Si-H moieties by about 40 monomer units, e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, or 80 monomer units. In some embodiments, on average, at least two Si-H moieties are present only in the monomer units of the polymer, and not in the end caps, and are separated from other Si-H moieties by about 2000 monomer units, e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, or 80 monomer units.

[0236] In any one of the above embodiments, the sum of s and t is an integer of about 1000 to about 8000, about 1300 to about 2700, about 1500 to about 2700, about 1600 to about 2600, about 1600 to about 2500, about 1700 to about 2500, about 1800 to about 2400, about 1800 to about 2300, about 1900 to about 2300, about 2000 to about 2200, about 2050 to about 2150, or about 2100.

[0237] In any one of the above embodiments, the sum of s and t is an integer of about 200 to about 1100, about 600 to about 1100, about 700 to about 1000, about 800 to about 900, about 825 to about 875, about 850, about 200 to about 800, about 225 to about 700, about 250 to about 600, about 275 to about 500, about 300 to about 400, about 350 to about 400, or about 375. In a specific embodiment, the sum of s and t is an integer of from about 850.

[0238] In any one of the above embodiments, the sum of s and t is about 5 to about 1300, about 10 to about 1100, about 10 to about 600, about 15 to about 500, about 15 to about 400, about 20 to about 300, about 20 to about 200, about 25 to about 100, about 25 to about 75, about 30 to about 50, or about 40.

[0239] In one embodiment, the composition includes a compound of Formula II: [ka] (In the formula, R 1a , R 2a , R 3a , R 4a , R 5a , R 6a , R 7a , R 8a , R 9a and R 10a are each independently hydrogen, C 1~20 Alkyl, C2~20 Alkenyl, C 5~10 Aryl, Hydroxyl or C 1~20 alkoxyl, and p and q are each independently an integer of 10 to about 6000. Examples of the compound include those represented by the following formula:

[0240] In one embodiment, the organopolysiloxane has the following formula IIa: [ka] (In the formula, R 1a’ , R 2a’ , R 3a’ , R 4a’ , R 5a’ , R 6a’ , R 7a’ , R 8a’ , R 9a’ and R 10a’ are each independently hydrogen, C 1~20 Alkyl, C2~20 Alkenyl, C 5~10 Aryl, Hydroxyl or C 1~20 alkoxyl, and p and q are each independently an integer of 10 to about 6000. Examples of the compound include those represented by the following formula: In one embodiment, R 1a’ , R 3a’ , R 4a’ , R 5a’ , R 6a’ , R 8a’ , R 9a’ and R 10a’ is an alkyl group (e.g., methyl, etc.) 1 alkyl).

[0241] In some embodiments, the unsaturated organic polymer is an organopolysiloxane. In some embodiments, the organopolysiloxane is vinyl-functionalized. In some embodiments, the organopolysiloxane is substantially vinyl-functionalized. The term "vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane" includes organopolysiloxanes having at least one vinyl group at each end of the polymer. Specifically, "vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxanes" include organopolysiloxanes of formula II1, where R 2a and R 7a Either or both of 2 Alkyl moieties, such as vinyl moieties (e.g., -CH=CH 2In a specific embodiment, the "vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane" includes an organopolysiloxane of formula II1, where R 2a and R 7a Either or both of 2 Alkyl moieties, such as vinyl moieties (e.g., -CH=CH 2 ) and R 1a , R 3a , R 4a , R 5a , R 6a , R 8a , R 9a and R 10a is independently 1~20 Alkyl, for example methyl.

[0242] In one embodiment, the organopolysiloxane has the following formula IIb: [ka] (In the formula, R 1c , R 3c , R 4c , R 5c , R 6c , R 8c , R 9c , and R 10c is hydrogen, C 1~20 Alkyl, C2~20 Alkenyl, C 5~10 Aryl, Hydroxyl or C 1~20 alkoxyl, and e and f are each independently an integer of 10 to about 6000. In one embodiment, R 1c , R 3c , R 4c , R 5c , R 6c , R 8c , R 9c , and R 10c is an alkyl group (e.g., methyl, etc.) 1In one embodiment, the sum of e and f is an integer of about 1000 to about 8000, about 1300 to about 2700, about 1500 to about 2700, about 1600 to about 2600, about 1600 to about 2500, about 1700 to about 2500, about 1800 to about 2400, about 1800 to about 2300, about 1900 to about 2300, about 2000 to about 2200, about 2050 to about 2150, or about 2100.

[0243] In one embodiment, the organopolysiloxane has the following formula IIc: [ka] (In the formula, R 1d , R 3d , R 4d , R 5d , R 6d , R 8d , R 9d and R 10d are each independently hydrogen, C 1~20 Alkyl, C2~20 Alkenyl, C 5~10 Aryl, Hydroxyl or C 1~20 alkoxyl, and g and j are each independently an integer of 10 to about 6000. In one embodiment, R 1d , R 3d , R 4d , R 5d , R 6d , R 8d , R 9d and R 10d is an alkyl group (e.g., methyl, etc.) 1 In one embodiment, the sum of g and j is about 200 to about 1100, about 600 to about 1100, about 700 to about 1000, about 800 to about 900, about 825 to about 875, about 850, about 200 to about 800, about 225 to about 700, about 250 to about 600, about 275 to about 500, about 300 to about 400, about 350 to about 400, or about 375. In one embodiment, the sum of g and j is an integer from about 850.

[0244] In one embodiment, the organopolysiloxane is an alkenyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane. In one embodiment, the alkenyl-functionalized polymer comprises one or more alkenyl-functionalized side chains. In this embodiment, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 Any of the following fragments independently: [ka] (Wherein, Z is Z 1 and Z 2 is as defined above, and R a , R b and R c is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted branched or linear C 1 ~C 10 independently selected from alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl groups, including methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, vinyl, allyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, propynyl, butynyl, n-pentyl, iso-pentyl, neo-pentyl, tert-pentyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, haloalkyl, benzyl, alkyl-aryl; substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl groups; C 1 ~C 6 Preferably, R is an aryl group, including but not limited to alkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, hydroxyl, carboxy, cyano, or halogen. 4is methyl. Exemplary alkenyl-functionalized organopolysiloxanes include, but are not limited to, methylvinylsiloxane, methylvinylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer, dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated dimethylpolysiloxane, dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated dimethylsiloxane-methylphenylsiloxane copolymer, dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated dimethylsiloxane-diphenylsiloxane-methylvinylsiloxane copolymer, trimethylsiloxy-terminated dimethylsiloxane-methylvinylsiloxane copolymer, trimethylsiloxy-terminated dimethylsiloxane-methylphenylsiloxane-methylvinylsiloxane copolymer, dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)polysiloxane, and dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated dimethyl-terminated dimethylsiloxane-methyl-(3,3,-trifluoropropyl)siloxane copolymer.

[0245] In one embodiment, provided herein is a composition comprising a curable silicone formulation comprising at least one of the following components (a), (d) and (b) or (c):

[0246] a. Polyorganosiloxane resins composed of M and Q units having at least three alkenyl groups per molecule, referred to herein as "SiVi" groups.

[0247] b. Polyorganosiloxane compounds having at least two Si-bonded hydrogen groups on the polysiloxane chain, hereafter referred to as "SiH" groups.

[0248] c. a telechelic polyorganosiloxane compound having terminal Si-H groups, and

[0249] d. Hydrosilylation catalysts for the reaction of SiH groups with SiVi groups;

[0250] e. A liquid diluent, in an amount from 0% to a maximum % by weight of the composition, whereby the components react together by hydrosilylation at temperatures below 40° C. when the components cure to form a continuous film on a substrate.

[0251] In one embodiment, a formulation meeting these requirements can be rapidly cured at room temperature / ambient as a film on a substrate and has a good balance of adhesive and cohesive requirements, with the film having good adhesion to the substrate while having poor adhesion on the surface opposite the substrate.

[0252] In one embodiment, the organopolysiloxane is a polydiorganosiloxane resin having at least three silicon-bonded alkenyl groups per molecule, preferably with the remaining silicon-bonded organic groups selected from alkyl and aryl groups, and the molecular weight of the polydiorganosiloxane resin is preferably from 1,500 Daltons to 50,000 Daltons. Suitable polyorganosiloxane resins having silicon-bonded unsaturated groups have sufficient unsaturated groups to form a polymer network. The functional siloxane resin structure is 3 SiO 1 / 2 Units (M units) and SiO 4 / 2 units (Q units), where each R is independently a straight, branched, or cyclic hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Each R may be the same or different, as desired. The hydrocarbon groups of R may be exemplified by alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, vinyl, hexenyl, and aryl groups such as phenyl.

[0253] 6.1.7 Hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxanes In an embodiment, the composition comprises at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. The term "hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane" includes a compound represented by the following formula III: [ka] (In the formula, R 1b , R 2b , R 3b , R 4b , R 5b , R 6b , R 7b , R 8b , R 9b and R 10bare each independently hydrogen, C 1~20 Alkyl, C2~20 Alkenyl, C 5~10 Aryl, Hydroxyl or C 1~20 alkoxyl, and m and n are each independently an integer from 10 to about 6000, and R 1b , R 2b , R 3b , R 4b , R 5b , R 6b , R 7b , R 8b , R 9b and R 10b In one embodiment, at least one of R 1b , R 2b , R 3b , R 4b , R 5b , R 6b , R 7b , R 8b , R 9b and R 10b At least one of them is hydrogen and the rest is C 1~20 In one embodiment, R 1b , R 2b , R 3b , R 4b , R 5b , R 6b , R 7b , R 8b , R 9b and R 10b At least two of R are hydrogen (e.g., two Si-H units per functionalized hydrogenated polysiloxane molecule). 1b , R 2b , R 3b , R 4b , R 5b , R 6b , R 7b , R 8b , R 9b and R 10b At least three of R are hydrogen (e.g., three Si-H units per functionalized hydrogenated polysiloxane molecule). 1b , R 2b , R 3b , R4b , R 5b , R 6b , R 7b , R 8b , R 9b and R 10b At least two of the units are hydrogen (e.g., two Si-H units per functionalized hydrogenated polysiloxane molecule), and the remainder are C 1~20 In another embodiment, R 1b , R 2b , R 3b , R 4b , R 5b , R 6b , R 7b , R 8b , R 9b and R 10b At least three of the units are hydrogen (e.g., three Si-H units per functionalized hydrogenated polysiloxane molecule), and the remainder are C 1~20 In one embodiment, R 4b , R 5b , R 9b and R 10b At least two of the units are hydrogen (e.g., two Si-H units per functionalized hydrogenated polysiloxane molecule), and the remainder are C 1~20 In another embodiment, R 4b , R 5b , R 9b and R 10b At least three of the units are hydrogen (e.g., three Si-H units per functionalized hydrogenated polysiloxane molecule), and the remainder are C 1~20 In one embodiment, R 4b , R 5b , R 9b and R 10b at least two of the Si—H units are hydrogen (e.g., two Si—H units per functionalized hydrogenated polysiloxane molecule), and the remainder and R 1b , R 2b , R 3b , R 6b , R 7b and R 8b is C 1~20 In another embodiment, R 4b , R 5b , R 9b and R 10bat least three of R are hydrogen (e.g., three Si-H units per functionalized hydrogenated polysiloxane molecule), and the remaining ones and R 1b , R 2b , R 3b , R 6b , R 7b and R 8b is C 1~20 It is an alkyl.

[0254] In one embodiment, at least two or more of the monomer units of formula III include —Si—H units (e.g., R 4b , R 5b , R 9b and R 10b In one embodiment, at least two or more of the monomer units of formula III include -Si-H units (e.g., one or more of R 4b , R 5b , R 9b and R 10b at least one of which is hydrogen, and the remaining non-Si-H monomer units are Si-CH 3 For example, an average of 2 to 15 of the monomer units of formula III contain a -Si-H unit. In one embodiment, at least two of the monomer units of formula III contain a -Si-H unit (e.g., R 4b , R 5b , R 9b and R 10b In one embodiment, at least three monomer units of formula III include -Si-H units (e.g., R 4b , R 5b , R 9b and R 10b In one embodiment, at least four of the monomer units of formula III include -Si-H units (e.g., R 4b , R 5b , R 9b and R 10b In one embodiment, at least five of the monomer units of formula III include -Si-H units (e.g., one or more of R 4b , R 5b , R 9b and R 10bIn one embodiment, at least six of the monomer units of formula III include -Si-H units (e.g., one or more of R 4b , R 5b , R 9b and R 10b In one embodiment, at least seven of the monomer units of formula III include -Si-H units (e.g., one or more of R 4b , R 5b , R 9b and R 10b In one embodiment, at least eight monomer units of formula III include -Si-H units (e.g., one or more of R 4b , R 5b , R 9b and R 10b where one or more of is hydrogen. In some embodiments, the non-Si-H moieties may include Si-(alkyl) or Si-(vinyl) units. In some embodiments, the non-Si-H moieties include Si-CH 3 In one embodiment, R 1b , R 2b , R 3b , R 6b , R 7b and R 8b is C 1~20 In some embodiments, the Si-H positions are absent from the terminal cap. In some embodiments, the compound of formula III is substantially alkyl-terminated. In some embodiments, the compound of formula III is alkyl-terminated. In one embodiment, the Si-H units in the hydrogen-functionalized organopolysiloxane are separated by 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 100, 125, 150, or 200 monomer units.

[0255] In any one of the above embodiments, the sum of m and n is about 10 to about 1300, about 10 to about 1100, about 10 to about 600, about 15 to about 500, about 15 to about 400, about 20 to about 300, about 20 to about 200, about 25 to about 100, about 25 to about 75, about 30 to about 50, or about 40.

[0256] In one embodiment, the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane contains Si-H units only in the polymer end caps. In one embodiment, the polysiloxane contains Si-H units only in the monomer units and not in the polymer end caps. In another embodiment, the polysiloxane contains Si-H units in both the polymer end caps or the monomer units. In one embodiment, the polysiloxane contains an average of 2-12 Si-H units located either in the end caps or in the monomer units, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the polysiloxane contains an average of 4-15 Si-H units located either in the end caps or in the monomer units, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the polysiloxane contains an average of 8 Si-H units located either in the end caps or in the monomer units, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, the polysiloxane contains an average of 2-12 Si-H units located in the monomer units and not in the end caps. In one embodiment, the polysiloxane contains an average of 4 to 15 Si-H units located within the monomer units and not end-capped. In one embodiment, the polysiloxane contains an average of 8 Si-H units located within the monomer units and not end-capped. In some embodiments, the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane is substantially alkyl-terminated.

[0257] In another embodiment, the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane is alkyl-terminated. In another embodiment, the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane is substantially alkyl-terminated. The term "alkyl-terminated" refers to the group represented by the formula III, R 2b and R7b Either or both of the following are C 1~20 In one embodiment, the "alkyl end" refers to a hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane in which R 1b , R 2b , R 3b , R 6b , R 7b and R 8b 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 of these are C 1~20In one embodiment, the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane in formula III is an alkyl group. 1b , R 2b , R 3b , R 4b , R 5b , R 6b , R 7b , R 8b , and R 10b Each is C 1~20 In one embodiment, in formula III, R 1b , R 2b , R 3b , R 4b , R 5b , R 6b , R 7b , R 8b , and R 9b Each is C 1~20 Alkyl, e.g., C 1 Alkyl (e.g., methyl), R 10b is hydrogen.

[0258] In one embodiment, the organic polysiloxane having the carbon double bond has a mass ratio of the carbon double bond-containing monomer unit of about 0.01 to about 2%, preferably about 0.03 to about 0.6%. In one embodiment, the organic polysiloxane having the carbon double bond has a vinyl equivalent of about 0.005 to about 0.5, preferably about 0.01 to about 0.25 per kilogram. The approximate molar amount of the carbon double bond in the organic polysiloxane can be calculated based on the average molecular weight of the organic polysiloxane.

[0259] In some embodiments, the viscosity of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is greater than about 100 cP and less than about 1,000,000 cP at about 25° C. In some embodiments, the viscosity of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is less than about 750,000 cP, less than about 500,000 cP, or less than about 250,000 cP at about 25° C. In preferred embodiments, the viscosity of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is less than about 200,000 cP, less than about 175,000 cP, less than about 150,000 cP, less than about 125,000 cP, less than about 100,000 cP, or less than about 80,000 cP at about 25° C. In certain embodiments, the viscosity of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is greater than about 100 cP, greater than about 500 cP, or greater than about 1000 cP at about 25°C. In preferred embodiments, the viscosity of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is greater than about 2000 cP, greater than about 5000 cP, greater than about 7500 cP, or greater than about 10,000 cP at about 25° C. In further preferred embodiments, the viscosity of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is greater than about 15,000 cP at about 25° C.

[0260] In one embodiment, the viscosity of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is from about 10,000 to about 2,000,000 cSt at about 25° C. In preferred embodiments, the viscosity of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is greater than about 20,000, greater than about 40,000, greater than about 60,000, greater than about 80,000, or greater than about 100,000 cSt at about 25° C. In even more preferred embodiments, the viscosity of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is greater than about 125,000, or greater than about 150,000 cSt at about 25° C. In preferred embodiments, the viscosity of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is less than about 1,000,000 cSt, less than about 500,000 cSt, less than about 450,000, less than about 400,000, less than about 350,000, less than about 300,000, or less than about 250,000 cSt at about 25° C. In even more preferred embodiments, the viscosity of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is less than about 200,000 or less than about 180,000 cSt at about 25° C. In even more preferred embodiments, the viscosity of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is less than about 165,000 cSt at about 25° C.

[0261] In some embodiments, the average molecular weight of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is from about 60,000 Da to about 500,000 Da. In preferred embodiments, the average molecular weight of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is greater than about 72,000 Da, about 84,000 Da, about 96,000 Da, or about 100,000 Da. In further preferred embodiments, the average molecular weight of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is greater than about 140,000 Da, or about 150,000 Da. In preferred embodiments, the average molecular weight of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is less than about 200,000 Da, less than about 190,000 Da, less than about 180,000 Da, or less than about 170,000 Da. In further preferred embodiments, the average molecular weight of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is less than about 160,000 Da. In a further preferred embodiment, the average molecular weight of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is about 155,000 Da average molecular weight.

[0262] In some embodiments, the average molecular weight of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is about 400 to about 500,000 Da. In preferred embodiments, the average molecular weight of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is greater than about 500 Da, about 800 Da, about 1,200 Da, or about 1,800 Da. In further preferred embodiments, the average molecular weight of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is greater than about 2,000 Da. In preferred embodiments, the average molecular weight of the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is less than about 250,000 Da, less than about 140,000 Da, less than about 100,000 Da, less than about 72,000 Da, less than about 62,700 Da, less than about 49,500 Da, less than about 36,000 Da, or less than about 28,000 Da. In a more preferred embodiment, the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane has an average molecular weight of less than about 17,200 Da. In a further preferred embodiment, the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane has an average molecular weight of about 2,200 Da to 6,000 Da.

[0263] In some embodiments, the molar ratio of Si-H functional groups to alkenyl (e.g., vinyl) functional groups is from about 60:1 to about 1:5. In preferred embodiments, the molar ratio of Si-H functional groups to alkenyl functional groups is from about 45:1 to about 15:1. In some embodiments, the molar ratio of Si-H functional groups to alkenyl functional groups is from about 60:1 to about 1:5. In preferred embodiments, the molar ratio of Si-H functional groups to alkenyl functional groups is from about 45:1 to about 15:1. In some embodiments, the Si-H to alkenyl molar ratio of the polymer in the composition is from about 1:5 to about 60:1; from about 10:1 to about 30:1; or from about 20:1 to about 25:1. In some embodiments, the molar ratio of Si-H functional groups to alkenyl functional groups is from about 10:1 to about 100:1. In a preferred embodiment, the molar ratio of Si-H functional groups to alkenyl functional groups is from about 30:1 to about 60:1. In a preferred embodiment, the molar ratio of Si-H functional groups to alkenyl functional groups is from about 20:1 to about 50:1.

[0264] In one embodiment, the unsaturated organic polymer is an organic polymer having one or more unsaturated functional groups, non-limiting examples of which include one or more of vinyl groups, alkynyl groups, alkenyl groups, unsaturated fatty alcohols, unsaturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acid esters, unsaturated fatty acid amides, unsaturated fatty acid urethanes, unsaturated fatty acid ureas, ceramides, cocetin, lecithin, and sphingosine. In one embodiment, the unsaturated organic polymer is a vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane. In one embodiment, the unsaturated organic polymer is an alkynyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane, such as an ethynyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane or a propynyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane. In one embodiment, the unsaturated organic polymer is an alkenyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane, such as an allyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane or a crotyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane.

[0265] In one embodiment, the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is vinyl terminated. In a preferred embodiment, the vinyl functionalized organopolysiloxane is selected from vinyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane, vinyl terminated diphenylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer, vinyl terminated polyphenylmethylsiloxane, vinylphenylmethyl terminated vinylphenylsiloxane-phenylmethylsiloxane copolymer, vinyl terminated trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer, vinyl terminated diethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer, vinylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer, trimethylsiloxy terminated, vinylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer, silanol terminated, vinylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer, vinyl terminated, vinyl gum, vinylmethylsiloxane homopolymer, vinyl T-structure polymer, vinyl Q-structure polymer, monovinyl terminated polymethylsiloxane, vinylmethylsiloxane tail polymer, vinylmethoxysilane homopolymer, vinyl terminated polyalkylsiloxane polymer, vinyl terminated polyalkoxysiloxane polymer, and combinations thereof. In a further preferred embodiment, the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane is vinyl dimethicone.

[0266] In preferred embodiments, the Si-H units in the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane are spaced apart on average by at least about 1 monomer unit, about 2 monomer units, about 5 monomer units, about 10 monomer units, about 20 monomer units, about 40 monomer units, about 200 monomer units, about 400 monomer units, about 1,000 monomer units, or about 2,000 monomer units.

[0267] In some embodiments, the viscosity of the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane is from about 2 to about 500,000 cSt at about 25° C. In preferred embodiments, the viscosity of the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane is greater than about 3 cSt, greater than about 4 cSt, or greater than about 12 cSt at about 25° C. In further preferred embodiments, the viscosity of the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane is greater than about 40 cSt at about 25° C. In preferred embodiments, the viscosity of the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane is less than about 200,000, less than about 100,000, less than about 50,000, less than about 20,000, less than about 10,000, less than about 5,000, less than about 2,000, or less than about 1,000 cSt at about 25° C. In a further preferred embodiment, the viscosity of the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane is less than about 500 cSt at about 25° C. In a further preferred embodiment, the viscosity of the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane is from about 45 to about 100 cSt at about 25° C.

[0268] In some embodiments, the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxanes having Si-H units include the Si-H units in terminal units of the polymer, non-terminal monomer units of the polymer, or a combination thereof. In preferred embodiments, the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxanes having Si-H units include such Si-H units in non-terminal monomer units of the polymer. In preferred embodiments, the Si-H-containing monomer units in the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxanes are spaced apart on average by at least about 1 monomer unit, about 2 monomer units, about 5 monomer units, about 10 monomer units, about 20 monomer units, about 40 monomer units, about 200 monomer units, about 400 monomer units, about 1,000 monomer units, or about 2,000 monomer units.

[0269] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the Si-H-containing monomer units in the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane having the Si-H units is about 0.003 to about 50%, preferably about 0.01 to about 25%. In some embodiments, the Si-H content of the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane having the Si-H units is about 0.1 mmol / g to about 20 mmol / g, about 0.5 mmol / g to about 10 mmol / g, preferably about 1 mmol / g to about 5 mmol / g. The approximate molar amount of the Si-H units in the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane can be calculated based on the average molecular weight of the organopolysiloxane. The average molecular weight or molar mass of the components disclosed herein is generally provided by the component manufacturer in Daltons or its equivalent in g / mole.

[0270] In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane is selected from hydrogenated end-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, hydrogenated end-terminated polyphenyl-(dimethylhydrosiloxy)siloxane, hydrogenated end-terminated methylhydrosiloxane-phenylmethylsiloxane copolymer, trimethylsiloxy-terminated methylhydrosiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer, polymethylhydrosiloxane, trimethylsiloxy-terminated polyethylhydrosiloxane, triethylsiloxane, methylhydrosiloxane-phenyloctylmethylsiloxane copolymer, methylhydrosiloxane-phenyloctylmethylsiloxane copolymer, and combinations thereof. In a further preferred embodiment, the hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane is hydrogenated dimethicone.

[0271] Examples of hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxanes include, but are not limited to, alkyltrihydrosilanes, aryltrihydrosilanes, dialkyldihydrosilanes, diarydihydrosilanes, trialkylhydrosilanes, triarylhydrosilanes, alkylhydrosiloxanes, and arylhydrosiloxanes. Particular mention may be made of polymethylhydrosiloxane, t-butyldimethylhydrosilane, triethylhydrosilane, diethyldihydrosilane, triisopropylhydrosilane, and mixtures thereof.

[0272] In one embodiment, the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane preferably comprises a RHSiO group, R 2 ZSiO group and optionally R 2 A hydrosilide-functionalized polysiloxane having at least two silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms per molecule consisting essentially of SiO groups and preferably having a viscosity of less than or equal to 1,000 mm2 / s at about 25°C, R represents an alkyl or aryl group having up to 8 carbon atoms, and Z represents H or R.

[0273] In some embodiments, the organosiloxane polymers can be prepared according to the methods described in the disclosures of U.S. Patent Nos. 8,691,202, 9,114,096, 9,114,096, 9,308,221, 9,333,223, 9,724,363, 9,937,200, and 10,022,396, and International Patent Publication No. WO 2017 / 083398, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. The siloxane polymers can also be produced by other methods apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0274] 6.1.8 Single-Formulation Organopolysiloxane Polymers for Use with the Compositions and Methods Provided herein Without being bound by theory, the ability of the ligand to reduce or inhibit the activity of the catalyst to crosslink the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane allows the various ingredients to be combined into a single formulation without crosslinking and polymer formation prior to application of the formulation, e.g., before the formulation is applied to the skin of a subject. Without being bound by theory, the ability of the encapsulating agent to reduce or inhibit the activity of the catalyst to crosslink the unsaturated organopolymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, or the ability of the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane to react with the unsaturated organopolymer promoted by the catalyst, allows the various ingredients to be combined into a single formulation without crosslinking and polymer formation prior to application of the formulation, e.g., before the formulation is applied to the skin of a subject.

[0275] Without being bound by theory, the ability of the ligand to reduce or inhibit the activity of the catalyst to crosslink the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane allows the various ingredients to be combined into a single formulation without crosslinking and polymer formation prior to application of the formulation, e.g., before the formulation is applied to the skin of a subject. Without being bound by theory, the ability of the encapsulating agent to reduce or inhibit the activity of the catalyst to crosslink the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, or the ability of the encapsulating agent to reduce or inhibit the activity of the catalyst to crosslink the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, or the ability of the encapsulating agent to reduce or inhibit the activity of the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane to react with the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane promoted by the catalyst allows the various ingredients to be combined into a single formulation without crosslinking and polymer formation prior to application of the formulation, e.g., before the formulation is applied to the skin of a subject.

[0276] Provided herein is a single formulation that allows one-stage room temperature vulcanization (RTV). In one embodiment, the formulation provided herein can be vulcanized in one step at room temperature. In one embodiment, the formulation provided herein can be vulcanized in one step at room temperature without prior separation into formulations that contain hydrogenation functional groups and catalysts individually.

[0277] 6.1.9 Supplementary Components for Use with the Methods Provided herein In a preferred embodiment, the compositions provided herein further comprise one or more reinforcing components. In some embodiments, the reinforcing components are surface-treated carbon, silver, mica, zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, clays (e.g., Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 ), chalk, talc, calcite (e.g., CaCO 3), barium sulfate, zirconium dioxide, polymeric beads and silica (e.g., silica aluminate, calcium silicate, or surface treated silica (e.g., fumed silica, hydrated silica, or anhydrous silica)), or combinations thereof. Such reinforcing components reinforce the physical properties of the layer as described herein. In a preferred embodiment, the reinforcing component is a surface treated silica, such as silica treated with hexamethyldisilazane, polydimethylsiloxane, hexadecylsilane, or methacrylsilane. In a further preferred embodiment, the reinforcing component is a fumed silica, including fumed silica surface treated with hexamethyldisilazane. In a further preferred embodiment, the reinforcing component comprises nanofibers.

[0278] In one embodiment, the particles of the reinforcing component have an average surface area of ​​about 50 to about 1000 m 2 In one embodiment, the particles of the reinforcing component have an average surface area of ​​about 50 to about 500 m 2 In a preferred embodiment, the particles of the reinforcing component have an average surface area of ​​about 100 to about 350 m. 2 In a more preferred embodiment, the particles of the reinforcing component have an average surface area of ​​about 135 to about 250 m. 2 / g. In one embodiment, the particles of the reinforcing component have an average particle size of about 1 nm to about 20 mm. In a preferred embodiment, the particles of the reinforcing component have an average particle size of about 2 nm to about 1 mm, more preferably about 5 nm to about 50 nm.

[0279] 6.1.10 Optional additional medications In some embodiments, the membrane is used in combination with one or more additional agents, hi some embodiments, the additional therapeutic agent is a moisturizer, mineral oil, petroleum jelly, coal tar, anthralin, a corticosteroid, fluocinonide, a vitamin D3 analog, a retinoid, a phototherapy agent, methotrexate, cyclosporine, a monoclonal antibody, pimecrolimus, tacrolimus, azathioprine, fluoracil, salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide, an antibiotic, or an alpha-hydroxy acid.

[0280] 6.2 Additives for use with the compositions and methods provided herein In some embodiments, the composition further comprises one or more additives. In some embodiments, the composition provided herein further comprises one or more additives independently. Suitable additives include, but are not limited to, feel improvers, adhesion improvers, spreadability improvers, diluents, adhesion improvers, volatile siloxanes, emulsifiers, emollients, surfactants, lubricants, thickeners, solvents, film formers, humectants, preservatives, pigments, skin penetration enhancers, optical improvers, gas transport improvers, liquid transport improvers, pH improvers, sensitization improvers, aesthetic improvers, and combinations thereof. Further suitable additives are disclosed in the International Dictionary of Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredients, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. In preferred embodiments, the emulsifier is an alkoxy dimethicone, an alkyl dimethicone, an amodimethicone, a sulfo dimethicone, a phospho dimethicone, a borodimethicone, a halodimethicone, a fluoro dimethicone, a chloro dimethicone, a bromodimethicone, a charged dimethicone, and combinations thereof. In preferred embodiments, the emulsifier is a linear system, a branched system, an elastomeric network, an elastomeric organic / inorganic network, and combinations thereof.

[0281] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises one or more additional agents. In certain embodiments, the compositions provided herein further comprise one or more additional agents, independently, including cosmetics, therapeutic agents, stimuli responsive agents, sensing agents, drug delivery agents, optical agents, colorants, pigments, scattering agents, sorption agents, temperature activators, thermal activators, UV activators, photoactivators, acoustic activators, pressure activators, kinetic activators, radiation activators, electrical agents, magnetic agents, and other beneficial agents.

[0282] 6.2.1 Cosmetics Suitable cosmetic agents include, but are not limited to, moisturizers, sunscreens, UV protection agents, skin protectants, skin soothing agents, skin brighteners, skin emollients, skin lightening agents, skin brightening agents, skin softening agents, skin smoothing agents, skin bleaching agents, skin exfoliants, skin astringents, beauty agents, vitamins, antioxidants, cell signaling agents, cell regulating agents, cell interacting agents, skin tanning agents, anti-aging agents, anti-wrinkle agents, spot reducing agents, alpha-hydroxy acids, beta-hydroxy acids, ceramides, or combinations thereof.

[0283] 6.2.2 Therapeutic preparations Suitable therapeutic agents include, but are not limited to, neuromodulators, pain relievers, analgesics, antipruritic agents, anti-irritants, counter-irritants, immunomodulators, immunoenhancing agents, immunosuppressants, anthralin, fluocinonide, methotrexate, cyclosporine, pimecrolimus, tacrolimus, azathioprine, fluorouracil, ceramides, anti-acne agents (beta-hydroxy acids, salicylic acid, benzoyl peroxide), anti-inflammatory agents, antihistamines, corticosteroids, NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), blood coagulants, anti-tumor agents, microbiota modulating agents, anti-sepsis agents, antibiotics, antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, antiviral agents, anti-allergy agents, skin protectants, coal tar, insect repellents, phototherapy agents, magnetic therapy agents, larger sound therapy agents, thermotherapy agents, skin thermoregulators (cold and hot) or combinations thereof.

[0284] 6.2.3 Beneficial Agents Suitable beneficial agents include, but are not limited to, antioxidants, vitamins, vitamin D3 analogs, retinoids, minerals, mineral oil, petrolatum, fatty acids, botanical extracts, polypeptides, antibodies, proteins, sugars, lipids, fatty acids, alcohols, esters, ceramides, chemokines, cytokines, hormones, neurotransmitters, lubricants, moisturizers, emollients, or combinations thereof and other similar beneficial agents for topical application known in the art.

[0285] 6.3 How to use Provided herein are methods of using the compositions provided herein as a single formulation in a one-step process without separating the hydrogenation and catalyst complexes from one another prior to application to the skin of a subject.

[0286] Provided herein is a method of using the composition provided herein to form a thin film on the skin of a subject. In certain embodiments, such a method includes separating the ligand from the catalyst (e.g., transition metal) or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane in the composition provided herein. Without being bound by theory, separating the ligand from the catalyst (e.g., transition metal) or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane promotes the crosslinking reaction. In some embodiments, such a composition includes (a) at least one transition metal; (b) at least one unsaturated organic polymer; (c) at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane; and (d) at least one ligand in a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and these components can be combined and stored together as a mixture without significant crosslinking. In some embodiments, such compositions include (a) at least one transition metal; (b) at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; (c) at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane; and (d) at least one ligand in a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and these components can be combined and stored together as a mixture without significant crosslinking. In some embodiments, the separation step includes evaporating the ligand, absorbing the ligand into another phase, absorbing the ligand into the skin of the subject, absorbing the ligand into another component with which it forms a complex, converting the ligand to a non-complex with the transition metal or the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, heating the composition, cooling the composition, applying greater sound waves to the composition, applying electromagnetic waves to the composition, applying visible light to the composition, applying ultraviolet light to the composition, or applying infrared light to the composition.Provided herein is a method of using the compositions provided herein as a single blend in a one-step process, comprising separating at least one divinyldisiloxane from platinum in the compositions provided herein, such as a composition comprising (a) platinum; (b) at least one unsaturated organic polymer; (c) at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane; and (d) a sufficient concentration of divinyldisiloxane to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. Provided herein is a composition comprising (a) platinum; (b) at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; (c) at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane; and (d) a sufficient concentration of divinyldisiloxane to slow down the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, which components can be blended together and stored as a mixture without significant crosslinking. In one embodiment, the method includes evaporating the ligand with or without heat to separate the ligand from the transition metal or hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane.

[0287] Provided herein is a method of using the compositions provided herein to form a thin film on the skin of a subject. In an embodiment, such a method includes separating the encapsulating agent from the catalyst (e.g., transition metal) or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane in the compositions provided herein. Without being bound by theory, separating the encapsulating agent from the catalyst (e.g., transition metal) accelerates the crosslinking reaction, or separating the encapsulating agent from the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane allows the crosslinking reaction. In an embodiment, such a composition includes (a) at least one transition metal; (b) at least one unsaturated organic polymer; (c) at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane; and (d) at least one encapsulating agent at a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and these components can be combined and stored together as a mixture without significant crosslinking. In some embodiments, such compositions include (a) at least one transition metal; (b) at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; (c) at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane; and (d) at least one encapsulating agent in a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and these components can be combined and stored together as a mixture without significant crosslinking. In some embodiments, the separation step includes evaporating the encapsulating agent, absorbing the encapsulating agent into another phase, absorbing the encapsulating agent into the skin of the subject, absorbing the encapsulating agent into another component that forms a complex, converting the encapsulating agent into a non-microcapsule with the transition metal or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, heating the composition, cooling the composition, applying larger sound waves to the composition, applying electromagnetic waves to the composition, applying visible light to the composition, applying ultraviolet light to the composition, or applying infrared light to the composition.Provided herein is a method of using a composition provided herein as a single formulation provided herein, comprising separating at least one polyurethane in a composition provided herein from the platinum or the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such as a composition comprising: (a) platinum; (b) at least one unsaturated organic polymer; (c) at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane; and (d) polyurethane 1 in a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit a crosslinking reaction between the unsaturated organic polymer and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein these components can be formulated and stored together as a mixture without significant crosslinking. Provided herein is a method of using the compositions provided herein in a one-step process, comprising separating at least one polyurethane in the compositions provided herein from the platinum or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such as a composition comprising (a) platinum; (b) at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; (c) at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane; and (d) a polyurethane 1 in a concentration sufficient to slow down or inhibit the crosslinking reaction between the vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane and the hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. In one embodiment, the method comprises separating the encapsulating agent from the transition metal or hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane by evaporating the encapsulating agent with or without heat.

[0288] The present invention is based, at least in part, on the discovery that durable, natural-looking, non-invasive compositions for cosmetic applications that mask skin and body imperfections are useful in treating skin disorders or conditions and conditions where the skin barrier function is compromised, such as managing recovery after laser or light treatments or managing chemical peel treatments. The formulations, compositions or films of the present invention provide clear or colored coatings for treatment sites. The formulations, compositions or films of the present invention each form an aesthetically pleasing, durable, skin-conforming, soft layer on the skin, thereby increasing subject compliance and providing more comfort compared to current coatings or dressings or patches. Furthermore, the chemical and physical properties of the formulations, compositions or films of the present invention can be tailored to form coatings that are optimal for the location on the subject, the type of skin disease or condition being treated, or the location on the subject of the laser or light or chemical treatment, and the type of laser or light or chemical peel treatment being used.

[0289] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating a skin condition in a subject in need of treatment, comprising applying to the skin of the subject a composition provided herein comprising: a catalyst; at least one ligand; at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and the at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin to treat the skin condition.

[0290] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating a skin condition in a subject in need of treatment, comprising applying to the skin of the subject a composition provided herein comprising: a catalyst; at least one ligand; at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and the at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin.

[0291] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating a skin condition in a subject in need of treatment, comprising applying to the skin of the subject a composition provided herein comprising a catalyst; at least one encapsulating agent; at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and the at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin to treat the skin condition.

[0292] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating a skin condition in a subject in need of treatment, comprising applying a composition provided herein comprising: a catalyst; at least one encapsulating agent; at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane to the skin of the subject, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and the at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin, thereby treating the skin condition.

[0293] In one embodiment, the compositions and films disclosed herein are used to provide a method for treating symptoms of conditions with compromised skin barrier function.In one aspect of this embodiment, the present invention provides compositions, films, and methods for treating itchy skin; compositions for treating raw skin; compositions for treating dry skin; compositions for treating peeling or peeling skin; compositions for treating blisters on the skin; compositions for treating redness or swelling or inflammation of the skin; and compositions, films, and methods for treating exudation, scabbing, and scaling of the skin.

[0294] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of occluding the skin of a subject in need thereof, comprising the steps of applying to the skin of the subject a composition provided herein comprising a catalyst; at least one ligand; at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and the at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, thereby occluding the skin such that a film is formed on the skin.

[0295] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of occluding the skin of a subject in need thereof, comprising the steps of applying to the skin of the subject a composition provided herein comprising: a catalyst; at least one ligand; at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and the at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin, thereby occluding the skin.

[0296] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of occluding the skin of a subject in need thereof, comprising the steps of applying to the skin of the subject a composition provided herein comprising a catalyst; at least one encapsulating agent; at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and the at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin, thereby occluding the skin.

[0297] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of occluding the skin of a subject as required herein, comprising applying to the skin of the subject a composition provided herein comprising: a catalyst; at least one encapsulating agent; at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and the at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin to occlude the skin.

[0298] In one embodiment, skin occlusion is used to treat conditions of impaired skin barrier, such as skin disorders and skin following photo or laser or chemical peel treatments.

[0299] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of hydrating skin, comprising applying to the skin of a subject in need thereof a composition provided herein comprising: a catalyst; at least one ligand; at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and the at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, thereby forming a film on the skin, thereby hydrating the skin.

[0300] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of hydrating skin, comprising applying to the skin of a subject in need thereof a composition provided herein comprising: a catalyst; at least one ligand; at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and the at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, thereby forming a film on the skin, thereby hydrating the skin.

[0301] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of hydrating skin, comprising applying to the skin of a subject in need thereof a composition provided herein comprising: a catalyst; at least one encapsulating agent; at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and the at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, thereby forming a film on the skin, thereby hydrating the skin.

[0302] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of hydrating skin, comprising applying to the skin of a subject in need thereof a composition provided herein comprising: a catalyst; at least one encapsulating agent; at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and the at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, thereby forming a film on the skin, thereby hydrating the skin.

[0303] In at least one embodiment, the subject has one or more skin disorders. In at least one embodiment, the subject has one skin disorder. In at least one embodiment, the subject has two or more skin disorders. In at least one embodiment, the subject has a condition that causes or is associated with a skin disorder.

[0304] In at least one embodiment, the skin condition is lichen simplex chronicus, cutaneous lupus, psoriasis, eczema, chronic dry skin, xerosis, rosacea, ichthyosis, or ulcers, or any combination thereof. In a specific embodiment, the skin condition is xerosis, eczema, psoriasis, rosacea, ichthyosis, or any combination thereof. In a specific embodiment, the eczema is atopic dermatitis. In some embodiments, the skin condition is xerosis, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, rosacea, and ichthyosis, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the skin condition is an ulcer.

[0305] In one embodiment, provided herein is a non-invasive formulation that forms a film upon application to a subject, thereby ameliorating a skin condition. In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of using such a formulation. In one embodiment, provided herein is a cleansing agent that removes the film.

[0306] In one embodiment, provided herein is a composition for treating a skin disorder, the composition comprising: a catalyst; at least one ligand; at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer and comprising at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, resulting in the formation of a film on the skin. In one embodiment, provided herein is a composition for treating a skin disorder in a subject in need thereof, the composition comprising: a catalyst; at least one encapsulating agent; at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer and comprising at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, resulting in the formation of a film.

[0307] In one embodiment, provided herein is a composition for treating a skin disorder, the composition comprising: a catalyst; at least one ligand; at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin. In one embodiment, provided herein is a composition for treating a skin disorder in a subject in need thereof, the composition comprising: a catalyst; at least one encapsulating agent; at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin.

[0308] In one embodiment, a film for treating a skin disease is provided herein, the film being prepared by: a) applying a composition provided herein, the composition comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin. In one embodiment, a film for treating a skin disease is provided herein, the film being prepared by: a) applying a composition provided herein, the composition comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulant, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin.

[0309] In one embodiment, a film for treating a skin disease is provided herein, the film being prepared by: a) applying a composition provided herein, the composition comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, so that a film is formed on the skin. In one embodiment, a film for treating a skin disease is provided herein, the film being prepared by: a) applying a composition provided herein, the composition comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulant, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, so that a film is formed on the skin.

[0310] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method for delivering a drug to a subject to treat a skin disorder, comprising applying a composition provided herein comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, where the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin, thereby delivering the drug to the subject. In one embodiment, provided herein is a method for delivering a drug to a subject to treat a skin disorder, comprising applying a composition provided herein comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, where the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin, thereby delivering the drug to the subject.

[0311] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of delivering a drug to a subject for treating a skin disorder, comprising applying a composition provided herein comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and the at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin, thereby delivering the drug to the subject. In one embodiment, provided herein is a method for delivering a drug to a subject to treat a skin disorder, comprising applying a composition provided herein comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and the at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin, thereby delivering the drug to the subject.

[0312] In some aspects, provided herein is a kit for use in treating a subject with a skin disorder, the composition provided herein includes a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and instructions for use. In some aspects, provided herein is a kit for use in treating a subject with a skin disorder, the composition provided herein includes a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and instructions for use.

[0313] In some embodiments, provided herein is a kit for use in treating a subject with a skin disorder, the composition provided herein comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and instructions for use. In some embodiments, provided herein is a kit for use in treating a subject with a skin disorder, the composition provided herein comprises a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane, at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and instructions for use.

[0314] In one embodiment, provided herein is a therapeutic formulation for application to a subject in need of treatment for a skin condition, comprising at least one preselected function-modulating ingredient, the composition forming a therapeutic film upon application to the subject.

[0315] In one embodiment, provided herein is a therapeutic formulation for application to a subject for the treatment of a skin condition, the therapeutic formulation comprising at least one preselected function-modulating component, the composition forming a therapeutic film upon application to the subject, the therapeutic formulation targeting a treatment area on the subject.

[0316] In one embodiment, provided herein is a film removal cleaner for use in removing a therapeutic film for the treatment of a skin condition, the film being prepared by a method comprising applying a composition provided herein comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer. In one embodiment, provided herein is a film removal cleaner for use in removing a therapeutic film for the treatment of a skin condition, the film being prepared by a method comprising applying a composition provided herein comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer.

[0317] In one embodiment, provided herein is a film-removing cleaner for use in removing a therapeutic film for the treatment of a skin condition, the film being prepared by a method comprising applying a composition provided herein comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane. In one embodiment, provided herein is a film-removing cleaner for use in removing a therapeutic film for the treatment of a skin condition, the film being prepared by a method comprising applying a composition provided herein comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane.

[0318] In another embodiment, provided herein is a membrane-removing cleaning agent that includes a membrane wetting component, a penetrating component, a membrane swelling component, and a membrane stripping component.

[0319] In one embodiment, provided herein is a formulation for repairing a therapeutic film applied to the skin for the treatment of a skin disease, the formulation comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin. In one embodiment, provided herein is a formulation for repairing a therapeutic film applied to the skin for the treatment of a skin disease, the formulation comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin.

[0320] In one embodiment, provided herein is a formulation for repairing a therapeutic film applied to the skin for the treatment of a skin disease, the formulation comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin. In one embodiment, provided herein is a formulation for repairing a therapeutic film applied to the skin for the treatment of a skin disease, the formulation comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin.

[0321] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a method of repairing a therapeutic film applied to skin for the treatment of a skin condition, comprising the steps of: a) identifying an area of ​​the film in need of repair; b) optionally smoothing the edges of the film; and c) applying a film repair formulation, wherein the formulation comprises a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin, thereby repairing the therapeutic film. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a method of repairing a therapeutic film applied to skin for the treatment of a skin condition, comprising the steps of: a) identifying an area of ​​the film in need of repair; b) optionally smoothing the edges of the film; and c) applying a film repair formulation, wherein the formulation comprises a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin, thereby repairing the therapeutic film.

[0322] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a method of repairing a therapeutic film applied to skin for the treatment of a skin condition, comprising the steps of: a) identifying an area of ​​the film in need of repair; b) optionally smoothing the edges of the film; and c) applying a film repair formulation, wherein the formulation comprises a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and the at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin, thereby repairing the therapeutic film. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a method of repairing a therapeutic film applied to skin for the treatment of a skin condition, comprising the steps of: a) identifying an area of ​​the film in need of repair; b) optionally smoothing the edges of the film; and c) applying a film repair formulation, wherein the formulation comprises a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin, thereby repairing the therapeutic film.

[0323] In one embodiment, provided herein is a kit for repairing a therapeutic film for the treatment of a skin disorder, the kit comprising a composition provided herein, the composition comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin. In one embodiment, provided herein is a kit for repairing a therapeutic film for the treatment of a skin disorder, the kit comprising a composition provided herein, the composition comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin.

[0324] In one embodiment, provided herein is a kit for repairing a therapeutic film for the treatment of a skin disorder, the kit comprising a composition provided herein, the composition comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin. In one embodiment, provided herein is a kit for repairing a therapeutic film for the treatment of a skin disorder, the kit comprising a composition provided herein, the composition comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin.

[0325] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating a subject after laser treatment, comprising applying to the subject a composition provided herein, the composition comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin. In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating a subject after laser treatment, comprising applying to the subject a composition provided herein, the composition comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulant, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin.

[0326] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating a subject after laser treatment, comprising applying to the subject a composition provided herein, the composition comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and the at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating a subject after laser treatment, comprising applying to the subject a composition provided herein, the composition comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and the at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin.

[0327] In some embodiments, provided herein are non-invasive formulations that form a film that is applied to a subject after laser treatment to promote healing after laser treatment in the subject. In some embodiments, provided herein are methods of using the formulations. In some embodiments, provided herein are cleansing agents that remove the film.

[0328] In one embodiment, provided herein is a composition for treating a subject after laser treatment, the composition comprising: a catalyst; at least one ligand; at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer, resulting in the formation of a film on the skin. In one embodiment, provided herein is a composition for treating a subject after laser treatment, the composition comprising: a catalyst; at least one encapsulant; at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane, resulting in the formation of a film.

[0329] In one embodiment, provided herein is a composition for treating a subject after laser treatment, the composition comprising: a catalyst; at least one ligand; at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin. In one embodiment, provided herein is a composition for treating a subject after laser treatment, the composition comprising: a catalyst; at least one encapsulating agent; at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin.

[0330] In one embodiment, provided herein is a composition for application after laser treatment of a subject, the composition comprising: a catalyst; at least one ligand; at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer, such that a film is formed on the skin, the film having the appearance of natural skin. In one embodiment, provided herein is a composition for application after laser treatment of a subject, the composition comprising: a catalyst; at least one encapsulant; at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin, the film having the appearance of natural skin.

[0331] In one embodiment, provided herein is a composition for application after laser treatment of a subject, the composition comprising: a catalyst; at least one ligand; at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and the at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin, the film having the appearance of natural skin. In one embodiment, provided herein is a composition for application after laser treatment of a subject, the composition comprising: a catalyst; at least one encapsulant; at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and the at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin, the film having the appearance of natural skin.

[0332] In an embodiment, provided herein is a kit for use after laser treatment of a subject in need of treatment, the kit comprising a catalyst, a composition provided herein comprising at least one ligand, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and instructions for use. In one embodiment, provided herein is a kit for use after laser treatment of a subject in need of treatment, the kit comprising a catalyst, a composition provided herein comprising at least one encapsulant, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, and instructions for use.

[0333] In an embodiment, provided herein is a kit for use after laser treatment of a subject in need of treatment, the kit comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, as provided herein, and instructions for use. In one embodiment, provided herein is a kit for use after laser treatment of a subject in need of treatment, the kit comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulant, at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, as provided herein, and instructions for use.

[0334] In one embodiment, provided herein is a therapeutic formulation for application after laser treatment of a subject, comprising at least one preselected function-modulating component, the composition forming a therapeutic film upon application of the composition to the subject.

[0335] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a therapeutic formulation for application on a subject following laser treatment of the subject that targets a treatment area on the subject, wherein the target area includes an at least partially laser treated area and comprises at least one preselected treatment-specific component, wherein the composition forms a therapeutic film upon application to the target treatment area on the subject.

[0336] In one embodiment, provided herein is a film removal cleaner for use in removing therapeutic films used in the recovery management after laser treatment, the film comprising a catalyst; at least one ligand; at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer and prepared by a method comprising applying a composition provided herein comprising at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. In one embodiment, provided herein is a film removal cleaner for use in removing therapeutic films used in the recovery management after laser treatment, the film comprising a catalyst; at least one encapsulating agent; at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer and prepared by a method comprising applying a composition provided herein comprising at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane.

[0337] In one embodiment, a film-removing cleaner is provided herein for use in removing therapeutic films used in post-laser treatment recovery management, the film comprising a catalyst; at least one ligand; at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and the composition comprising at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane is prepared by a method comprising applying a composition as provided herein. In one embodiment, a film-removing cleaner is provided herein for use in removing therapeutic films used in post-laser treatment recovery management, the film comprising a catalyst; at least one encapsulating agent; at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and the composition comprising at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane is prepared by a method comprising applying a composition as provided herein.

[0338] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a membrane-removing cleaning agent that includes a membrane wetting component, a penetrating component, a membrane swelling component, and a membrane stripping component.

[0339] In an embodiment, provided herein is a formulation for repairing a therapeutic film applied after laser treatment of a subject, the formulation comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin. In an embodiment, provided herein is a formulation for repairing a therapeutic film applied after laser treatment of a subject, the formulation comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulant, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin.

[0340] In an embodiment, provided herein is a formulation for repairing a therapeutic film applied after laser treatment of a subject, the formulation comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin. In an embodiment, provided herein is a formulation for repairing a therapeutic film applied after laser treatment of a subject, the formulation comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin.

[0341] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a method of repairing a therapeutic film applied to a subject following laser treatment, comprising the steps of: a) identifying an area of ​​the film in need of repair; b) optionally smoothing the edges of the film; and c) applying a film repair formulation, wherein the composition provided herein comprises a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin thereby repairing the therapeutic film. In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of repairing a therapeutic film applied to a subject following laser treatment, comprising the steps of: a) identifying an area of ​​the film in need of repair; b) optionally smoothing the edges of the film; and c) applying a film repair formulation, wherein the composition provided herein comprises a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin thereby repairing the therapeutic film.

[0342] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a method of repairing a therapeutic film applied to a subject following laser treatment, comprising the steps of: a) identifying an area of ​​the film in need of repair; b) optionally smoothing the edges of the film; and c) applying a film repair formulation, wherein the composition provided herein comprises a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin thereby repairing the therapeutic film. In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of repairing a therapeutic film applied to a subject following laser treatment, comprising the steps of: a) identifying an area of ​​the film in need of repair; b) optionally smoothing the edges of the film; and c) applying a film repair formulation, wherein the composition provided herein comprises a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin thereby repairing the therapeutic film.

[0343] In one embodiment, provided herein is a kit for repairing a therapeutic film used in post-laser treatment management, the kit comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin. In one embodiment, provided herein is a kit for repairing a therapeutic film used in post-laser treatment management, the kit comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin.

[0344] In one embodiment, provided herein is a kit for repairing a therapeutic film used in post-laser treatment management, the kit comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin. In one embodiment, provided herein is a kit for repairing a therapeutic film used in post-laser treatment management, the kit comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin.

[0345] In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating a subject after laser treatment, comprising applying to the subject a formulation comprising a composition provided herein, the composition comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin. In some embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating a subject after laser treatment, comprising applying to the subject a formulation comprising a composition provided herein, the composition comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulant, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin.

[0346] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a method of treating a subject after laser treatment, comprising applying to the subject a formulation comprising a composition provided herein, the composition comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin. In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of treating a subject after laser treatment, comprising applying to the subject a formulation comprising a composition provided herein, the composition comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin.

[0347] In one embodiment, provided herein is a non-invasive formulation that forms a film when applied to a subject after phototreatment, thereby promoting healing after phototreatment of the subject. The invention also provides methods of using the formulation. In another embodiment, the invention provides a cleaning agent that removes the film.

[0348] In one embodiment, provided herein is a composition for treating a subject after phototreatment, the composition provided herein comprises a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin. In one embodiment, provided herein is a composition for treating a subject after phototreatment, the composition provided herein comprises a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin.

[0349] In one embodiment, provided herein is a composition for treating a subject after phototreatment, the composition provided herein comprises a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin. In one embodiment, provided herein is a composition for treating a subject after phototreatment, the composition provided herein comprises a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin.

[0350] In some embodiments, provided herein is a formulation for application to a subject after phototreatment, the formulation comprising a catalyst provided herein; at least one ligand; at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer, such that a film is formed on the skin, the film having the appearance of natural skin, comprising a composition provided herein. In some embodiments, provided herein is a formulation for application to a subject after phototreatment, the formulation comprising a catalyst provided herein; at least one encapsulant; at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane, the composition providing herein, such that a film is formed on the skin, the film having the appearance of natural skin.

[0351] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a formulation for application to a subject following phototreatment, the formulation comprising a composition provided herein comprising: a catalyst; at least one ligand; at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and the at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin, the film having the appearance of natural skin. In certain embodiments, provided herein is a formulation for application to a subject following phototreatment, the formulation comprising a composition provided herein comprising: a catalyst; at least one encapsulating agent; at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and the at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin, the film having the appearance of natural skin.

[0352] In one embodiment, a film for treating a subject after phototreatment is provided herein, and is prepared by a method comprising: a) applying a composition provided herein, the composition comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin. In one embodiment, a film for treating a subject after phototreatment is provided herein, and is prepared by a method comprising: a) applying a composition provided herein, the composition comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulant, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin.

[0353] In one embodiment, a film for treating a subject after phototreatment is provided herein, and is prepared by a method comprising: a) applying a composition provided herein, comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin. In one embodiment, a film for treating a subject after phototreatment is provided herein, and is prepared by a method comprising: a) applying a composition provided herein, comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulant, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin.

[0354] In an embodiment, provided herein is a method for delivering a drug to a subject after phototreatment, comprising applying to a subject a composition provided herein, comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin, thereby delivering the drug to the subject. In an embodiment, provided herein is a method for delivering a drug to a subject after phototreatment, comprising applying to a subject a composition provided herein, comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin, thereby delivering the drug to the subject.

[0355] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of delivering a drug to a subject following phototreatment, comprising applying to a subject a composition provided herein comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin, thereby delivering the drug to the subject. In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of delivering a drug to a subject following phototreatment, comprising applying to a subject a composition provided herein comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin, thereby delivering the drug to the subject.

[0356] In some embodiments, provided herein is a kit for use in post-phototreatment treatment of a subject in need of treatment, the kit comprising a composition comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane; and instructions for use. In some embodiments, provided herein is a kit for use in post-phototreatment treatment of a subject in need of treatment, the kit comprising a composition comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane; and instructions for use.

[0357] In some embodiments, provided herein is a kit for use in post-phototreatment treatment of a subject in need of treatment, the kit comprising a composition comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane; and instructions for use. In some embodiments, provided herein is a kit for use in post-phototreatment treatment of a subject in need of treatment, the kit comprising a composition comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane; and instructions for use.

[0358] In one embodiment, provided herein is a therapeutic formulation to be applied following phototreatment of a subject, comprising at least one preselected function-modulating component, and forming a therapeutic film upon application of the composition to the subject.

[0359] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a therapeutic formulation for application on a subject following light treatment of the subject that targets a treatment area on the subject, wherein the target area includes an at least partially light treated area and comprises at least one preselected treatment-specific component, wherein the composition forms a therapeutic film upon application to the target treatment area on the subject.

[0360] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a film-removing cleaning agent for use in removing therapeutic films used in the recovery management after phototherapy, the film comprising a catalyst; at least one ligand; at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of at least one unsaturated organic polymer and prepared by a method comprising applying a composition provided herein comprising at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a film-removing cleaning agent for use in removing therapeutic films used in the recovery management after phototherapy, the film comprising a catalyst; at least one encapsulating agent; at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of at least one unsaturated organic polymer and prepared by a method comprising applying a composition provided herein comprising at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane.

[0361] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a film-removing cleaning agent for use in removing therapeutic films used in the recovery management after phototherapy, the film being prepared by a method comprising applying a composition provided herein comprising a catalyst; at least one ligand; at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane. In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a film-removing cleaning agent for use in removing therapeutic films used in the recovery management after phototherapy, the film being prepared by a method comprising applying a composition provided herein comprising a catalyst; at least one encapsulating agent; at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane.

[0362] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a membrane-removing cleaning agent that includes a membrane wetting component, a penetrating component, a membrane swelling component, and a membrane stripping component.

[0363] In an embodiment, provided herein is a formulation for repairing a therapeutic film applied after phototreatment of a subject, the formulation comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin. In an embodiment, provided herein is a formulation for repairing a therapeutic film applied after phototreatment of a subject, the formulation comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulant, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin.

[0364] In one embodiment, provided herein is a formulation for repairing a therapeutic film applied after phototreatment of a subject, the formulation comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin. In one embodiment, provided herein is a formulation for repairing a therapeutic film applied after phototreatment of a subject, the formulation comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin.

[0365] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a method of repairing a therapeutic film applied to a subject following phototreatment, comprising the steps of: a) identifying an area of ​​the film in need of repair; b) optionally smoothing the edges of the film; and c) applying a film repair formulation, wherein the composition provided herein comprises a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin thereby repairing the therapeutic film. In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of repairing a therapeutic film applied to a subject following phototreatment, comprising the steps of: a) identifying an area of ​​the film in need of repair; b) optionally smoothing the edges of the film; and c) applying a film repair formulation, wherein the composition provided herein comprises a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin thereby repairing the therapeutic film.

[0366] In certain embodiments, provided herein is a method of repairing a therapeutic film applied to a subject following phototreatment, comprising the steps of: a) identifying an area of ​​the film in need of repair; b) optionally smoothing the edges of the film; and c) applying a film repair formulation, wherein the composition provided herein comprises a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin, thereby repairing the therapeutic film. In one embodiment, provided herein is a method of repairing a therapeutic film applied to a subject following phototreatment, comprising the steps of: a) identifying an area of ​​the film in need of repair; b) optionally smoothing the edges of the film; and c) applying a film repair formulation, wherein the composition provided herein comprises a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, wherein the catalyst promotes in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, such that a film is formed on the skin, thereby repairing the therapeutic film.

[0367] In one embodiment, a kit for repairing a therapeutic film used in a photo-treatment post-treatment regimen is provided herein, the kit comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin. In one embodiment, a kit for repairing a therapeutic film used in a photo-treatment post-treatment regimen is provided herein, the kit comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulant, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin.

[0368] In one embodiment, a kit for repairing a therapeutic film used in a photo-treatment post-treatment regimen is provided herein, the kit comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin. In one embodiment, a kit for repairing a therapeutic film used in a photo-treatment post-treatment regimen is provided herein, the kit comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulating agent, at least one vinyl-functional organopolysiloxane, and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one vinyl-functionalized organopolysiloxane; and at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin.

[0369] In one embodiment, provided herein is a method for treating a subject after a chemical peeling treatment, comprising applying a composition provided herein to the subject, the composition comprising a catalyst, at least one ligand, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least one unsaturated organic polymer; and at least one hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane, whereby a film is formed on the skin. In one embodiment, provided herein is a method for treating a subject after a chemical peeling treatment, comprising applying a composition provided herein to the subject, the composition comprising a catalyst, at least one encapsulant, at least one unsaturated organic polymer, and at least one hydrogenated functionalized polysiloxane, the catalyst promoting in situ crosslinking of the at least o...

Claims

[Claim 1] A composition comprising: (a) at least one transition metal; (b) at least one unsaturated organic polymer; (c) at least one hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane; and (d) a composition comprising at least one ligand in a concentration sufficient to slow down the crosslinking reaction between said unsaturated organic polymer and said hydrogen-functionalized polysiloxane, These components are combined and stored in admixture such that no significant crosslinking occurs, and wherein the viscosity of the unsaturated organic polymer at about 25° C. is between about 10,000 and about 185,000 cSt or cP, and the viscosity of the hydrogen functionalized polysiloxane at about 25° C. is between about 30 and about 100 cSt or cP.

Images