Wall

Abstract

To provide a technology which suppresses cracks around an opening part of a wall at the time of an earthquake while shortening a construction period, without damaging the waterproofness of the wall skeleton.SOLUTION: A wall includes: a wall body part; an opening part for penetrating the wall body part; and a reinforcing material attached to the wall body part. The reinforcing material is arranged around the opening part so as to form a gap in the width direction between itself and the side part of the peripheral edge of the wall body part.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a wall. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, a wall with an opening in which an opening reinforcement bar is provided around the open end of a through hole has been known (for example, Patent Document 1). The opening reinforcement bar prevents cracks that may occur from the opening. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] JP 2005-320687 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] However, with the technology described in Patent Document 1, when creating a new opening in an existing wall, the concrete around the edge of the opening must first be removed, the opening reinforcement bar must be placed, and then concrete must be poured or adhesive mortar must be applied around the edge of the opening, which can compromise the waterproofing of the wall, cause cracks, and extend the construction period.

[0005] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a technology that suppresses cracks around openings in walls during earthquakes while shortening construction time without compromising the waterproofing of the wall structure. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the wall of the present invention comprises a wall portion, an opening penetrating the wall portion, and a reinforcing material affixed to the wall portion, and the reinforcing material is arranged around the opening so as to form a gap in the width direction between the opening and a side portion of the periphery of the wall portion. Effect of the Invention

[0007] According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the construction period without compromising the waterproofing of the wall structure, and to suppress cracks around openings in the wall during an earthquake. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a front view showing an example of a wall according to the first embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the internal reinforcement structure of the wall shown in FIG. [Diagram 3] FIG. 11 is a front view showing an example of a wall according to Modification 1 of the first embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 11 is a front view showing an example of a wall according to Modification 2 of the first embodiment. [Diagram 5] FIG. 11 is a front view showing an example of a wall according to Modification 3 of the first embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 11 is a front view showing an example of a wall according to a second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] FIG. 13 is a front view showing an example of a wall according to Modification 1 of the second embodiment. [Figure 8] FIG. 13 is a front view showing an example of a wall according to Modification 2 of the second embodiment. [Figure 9] FIG. 13 is a front view showing an example of a wall according to Modification 3 of the second embodiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 11 is a front view showing an example of a wall according to a third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] FIG. 13 is a front view showing an example of a wall according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] FIG. 13 is a front view showing an example of a wall according to Modification 1 of the fourth embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a front view showing an example of a wall according to Modification 2 of the fourth embodiment. [Figure 14] FIG. 13 is a front view showing an example of a wall according to Modification 3 of the fourth embodiment. [Figure 15] FIG. 23 is a front view showing an example of a wall according to Modification 4 of the fourth embodiment. [Figure 16] FIG. 13 is a front view showing an example of a wall according to Modification 5 of the fourth embodiment. [Figure 17] FIG. 13 is a front view showing an example of a wall according to Modification 6 of the fourth embodiment. [Figure 18] FIG. 13 is a front view showing an example of a wall according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 19] FIG. 13 is a front view showing an example of a wall according to Modification 1 of the fifth embodiment. [Figure 20] FIG. 13 is a front view showing an example of a wall according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 21] FIG. 13 is a front view showing an example of a wall according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 22] FIG. 23 is a front view showing an example of a wall according to Modification 1 of the seventh embodiment. [Diagram 23] FIG. 23 is a front view showing an example of a wall according to Modification 2 of the seventh embodiment. [Figure 24] FIG. 23 is a front view showing an example of a wall according to Modification 3 of the seventh embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0009] [First embodiment] A first embodiment of the present invention will be described. Fig. 1 is a front view showing an example of a wall 2 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an internal reinforcement structure of the wall 2 shown in Fig. 1.

[0010] For ease of explanation, "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" are defined based on the state of wall 2 as seen from the front. That is, the arrows "upper" and "lower" shown in each drawing indicate the up-down direction of wall 2, and the arrows "left" and "right" indicate the left-right direction (width direction) of wall 2. The front-rear direction is the direction perpendicular to the up-down and left-right directions, that is, the direction perpendicular to the paper surface.

[0011] <Wall> As shown in Fig. 1, the wall 2 is disposed within a structural plane consisting of columns 4 and beams 6. The columns 4 are a pair of structures extending in the vertical direction and constructed separately in the left-right direction. The beams 6 are a pair of structures extending in the left-right direction and constructed separately in the vertical direction. In this embodiment, the columns 4 and beams 6 are made of concrete.

[0012] The wall 2 includes a wall portion 200, an opening 14, a first reinforcing member 20, a second reinforcing member 22, a third reinforcing member 24, and a fourth reinforcing member 26. The first reinforcing member 20, the second reinforcing member 22, the third reinforcing member 24, and the fourth reinforcing member 26 are examples of reinforcing members according to the present invention. Hereinafter, the first reinforcing member 20, the second reinforcing member 22, the third reinforcing member 24, and the fourth reinforcing member 26 will also be collectively referred to simply as reinforcing members 20 to 26.

[0013] <Wall part> The wall portion 200 is a reinforced concrete structure. The wall portion 200 may be made of mortar, in which case reinforcement is not arranged inside the wall portion 200. The wall portion 200 is a rectangle that is longer in the left-right direction than in the up-down direction. The shape of the wall portion 200 is not limited to this. The wall portion 200 has a periphery 30 that borders the outer periphery of the wall portion 200. The periphery 30 has an upper periphery 32, a lower periphery 34, a left periphery 36 (an example of a side portion), and a right periphery 38 (an example of a side portion). The upper periphery 32 and the lower periphery 34 are upper and lower parts of the periphery 30, and extend parallel to each other. The left periphery 36 and the right periphery 38 are left and right parts of the periphery 30, and extend parallel to each other.

[0014] As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of vertical reinforcements 8 and horizontal reinforcements 10 are arranged in a lattice pattern inside the wall body 200. Ends of each horizontal reinforcement 10 extend to the left and right column sections 4. Ends of the horizontal reinforcements 10 are led to main column reinforcements 12 arranged inside the column sections 4 and embedded inside the column sections 4. Ends of each vertical reinforcement 8 extend to the upper and lower beam sections 6. Ends of the vertical reinforcements 8 are embedded inside the beam sections 6. In this way, the wall 2 is constructed integrally with the column sections 4 and the beam sections 6.

[0015] <Opening> The opening 14 is formed in the center of the wall portion 200, penetrating the wall portion 200 in the front-rear direction. The opening 14 may be formed to be used as a window or door installation portion of an existing building in renovation work or the like, or may be formed from the beginning of construction.

[0016] The opening 14 is a rectangle longer in the left-right direction than in the up-down direction. The opening 14 only needs to have at least one corner, and the shape is not limited to a rectangle longer in the left-right direction than in the up-down direction. The opening 14 has an edge 140 that borders a space penetrating the wall portion 200. The edge 140 has an upper edge 142, a lower edge 144, a left edge 146, a right edge 148, and four corners 150. The upper edge 142 and the lower edge 144 extend parallel to each other, separated from each other in the up-down direction. The left edge 146 and the right edge 148 extend parallel to each other, separated from each other in the left-right direction.

[0017] <Reinforcement material> The reinforcing members 20-26 have a predetermined thickness and are formed in a strip shape. The reinforcing members 20-26 are attached to the front surface 200a of the wall portion 200 with an adhesive. The reinforcing members 20-26 may be attached to the rear surface of the wall portion 200, or to both the front surface 200a and the rear surface, with an adhesive. The reinforcing members 20-26 generate stress due to an external force (e.g., earthquake force) applied to the wall 2, and resist the external force.

[0018] The first reinforcement member 20 and the second reinforcement member 22 are disposed around the opening 14, specifically on the left side of the left edge portion 146 and on the right side of the right edge portion 148, adjacent to the left edge portion 146 and the right edge portion 148, respectively, and extend in the up-down direction. The upper and lower ends of the first reinforcement member 20 and the second reinforcement member 22 are disposed at positions beyond the upper edge portion 142 and the lower edge portion 144 of the opening 14, specifically above the third reinforcement member 24 and below the fourth reinforcement member 26. Therefore, the first reinforcement member 20 and the second reinforcement member 22 each face a corner 150 of the opening 14 at a part thereof. The first reinforcement member 20 and the second reinforcement member 22 form a gap in the width direction between the left peripheral portion 36 and the right peripheral portion 38 of the wall portion 200, respectively. Additionally, the first reinforcing member 20 and the second reinforcing member 22 form gaps in the vertical direction between themselves and the upper peripheral edge portion 32 and the lower peripheral edge portion 34 of the wall portion 200, respectively.

[0019] The third reinforcement 24 and the fourth reinforcement 26 are disposed adjacent to the upper edge 142 and the lower edge 144 around the opening 14, specifically above the upper edge 142 and below the lower edge 144, and extend in the left-right direction (width direction). The left and right ends of the third reinforcement 24 and the fourth reinforcement 26 are disposed beyond the left edge 146 and the right edge 148 of the opening 14, specifically on the left side of the first reinforcement 20 and the right side of the second reinforcement 22. Therefore, the third reinforcement 24 and the fourth reinforcement 26 each face a corner 150 of the opening 14 at a part thereof. The third reinforcement 24 and the fourth reinforcement 26 form a gap in the left-right direction (width direction) between them and the left peripheral edge 36 and the right peripheral edge 38 of the wall portion 200, respectively. Additionally, the third reinforcing member 24 and the fourth reinforcing member 26 form gaps in the vertical direction between themselves and the upper peripheral edge portion 32 and the lower peripheral edge portion 34 of the wall portion 200, respectively.

[0020] As shown in FIG. 1, the first reinforcement 20 and the third reinforcement 24 form an intersection 204 on the left side and above the opening 14. Either the first reinforcement 20 or the third reinforcement 24 may be on top at the intersection 204. The first reinforcement 20 and the fourth reinforcement 26 form an intersection 206 on the left side and below the opening 14. Either the first reinforcement 20 or the fourth reinforcement 26 may be on top at the intersection 206. The second reinforcement 22 and the third reinforcement 24 form an intersection 224 on the right side and above the opening 14. Either the second reinforcement 22 or the third reinforcement 24 may be on top at the intersection 224. The second reinforcement 22 and the fourth reinforcement 26 form an intersection 226 on the right side and below the opening 14. Either the second reinforcement 22 or the fourth reinforcement 26 may be on top at the intersection 226.

[0021] The reinforcing members 20-26 include at least carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP). In this embodiment, the case where the reinforcing members 20-26 are carbon fiber reinforced plastics will be described. Carbon fiber reinforced plastic is a resin having carbon fibers inside, and the carbon fibers are embedded so as to extend along the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing members 20-26. The carbon fiber reinforced resin has very high tensile strength and is very lightweight, and is excellent as a material for the reinforcing members 20-26. Note that examples of the reinforcing member according to the present invention are not limited to carbon fiber reinforced resin, and may be resins having various high-strength fibers such as aramid resin and glass fiber, or may be metal plates. It is preferable that the width and length of the reinforcing members 20-26, the distance from the edge 140 of the opening 14, and the distance from the periphery 30 of the wall portion 200 are appropriately set as necessary from the viewpoint of suppressing the progress of cracks generated from the opening 14.

[0022] In the wall 2 according to this embodiment, the reinforcing members 20-26 are attached to the wall body portion 200 while forming the intersections 204, 206, 224, and 226. Therefore, even if an external force is applied to the wall 2 due to an earthquake or the like, the external force also generates stress in the reinforcing members 20-26, and the reinforcing members 20-26 resist the external force. At this time, since the intersections 204, 206, 224, and 226 are formed, the reinforcing members 20-26 can more strongly resist the external force. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of cracks originating from the openings 14 in the wall body portion 200. Since the reinforcing members 20-26 are attached to the wall body portion 200 using an adhesive, the construction period can be shortened.

[0023] Here, cracks caused by external forces are likely to occur starting from the corners 150 of the opening 14. In this regard, in the wall 2 according to this embodiment, the reinforcing members 20-26 are disposed adjacent to the opening 14 while facing the corners 150 of the opening 14. Therefore, even if a crack occurs starting from the corner 150, the reinforcing members 20-26 facing the corners 150 can suppress the progression of the crack. As a result, it is possible to suppress the intrusion of foreign matter such as water into the interior of the wall portion 200.

[0024] Furthermore, in the wall 2 of this embodiment, gaps are formed between the reinforcing materials 20-26 and the peripheral edge 30 of the wall portion 200, so that the amount of the reinforcing materials 20-26 used can be reduced compared to when the reinforcing materials 20-26 are extended to the peripheral edge 30, thereby achieving cost reduction.

[0025] [Modification 1 of the first embodiment] Next, a first modified example of the first embodiment will be described. Fig. 3 is a front view showing an example of a wall 2a according to the first modified example of the first embodiment. The wall 2a differs from the wall 2 of the first embodiment in that the third reinforcing member 24 and the fourth reinforcing member 26 are not provided. Hereinafter, components, members, etc. that are the same as or equivalent to those of the wall 2 described above will be given the same reference numerals, and duplicated descriptions will be omitted as appropriate, and only different portions will be described.

[0026] 3, the wall 2a does not have the third reinforcing member 24 and the fourth reinforcing member 26. Therefore, the wall 2a according to this modification does not have the intersections 204, 206, 224, and 226 formed in the first embodiment. The wall 2a according to this modification is the same as the wall 2 according to the first embodiment in all other respects.

[0027] In the wall 2a according to this modification, the third reinforcing member 24 and the fourth reinforcing member 26 are not provided, so that the amount of the reinforcing members used can be reduced, thereby achieving cost reduction and shortening the construction period.

[0028] [Modification 2 of the First Embodiment] Next, Modification 2 of the first embodiment will be described. Fig. 4 is a front view showing an example of a wall 2b according to Modification 2 of the first embodiment. The wall 2b differs from the wall 2a of Modification 1 of the first embodiment in the length of the first reinforcing member 20 and the second reinforcing member 22, and in that additional reinforcing members 20L1, 20L2, 22R1, and 22R2 are provided. Hereinafter, components, members, etc. that are the same as or equivalent to those of the wall 2a described above will be given the same reference numerals, and duplicated descriptions will be omitted as appropriate, and only different portions will be described.

[0029] As shown in FIG. 4, the first reinforcing member 20 and the second reinforcing member 22 are disposed adjacent to the left edge 146 and the right edge 148 around the opening 14, specifically, on the left side of the left edge 146 and the right side of the right edge 148, and extend in the vertical direction. The upper and lower ends of the first reinforcing member 20 and the second reinforcing member 22 are in contact with the upper peripheral edge 32 and the lower peripheral edge 34 of the wall portion 200, respectively. In this modification, the first reinforcing member 20 and the second reinforcing member 22 form a gap in the width direction between the left peripheral edge 36 and the right peripheral edge 38 of the wall portion 200, respectively. On the other hand, the first reinforcing member 20 and the second reinforcing member 22 do not form a gap in the vertical direction between the upper peripheral edge 32 and the lower peripheral edge 34 of the wall portion 200, respectively.

[0030] The wall 2b of this modified example has two left additional reinforcements 20L1, 20L2 on the left side of the first reinforcement 20. The left additional reinforcements 20L1, 20L2 are formed in a band shape and extend in the vertical direction. The upper and lower ends of the left additional reinforcements 20L1, 20L2 are in contact with the upper peripheral edge 32 and the lower peripheral edge 34 of the wall portion 200, respectively. The left additional reinforcements 20L1, 20L2 are formed to have the same width as the first reinforcement 20.

[0031] The wall 2b also has two right additional reinforcements 22R1, 22R2 on the right side of the second reinforcement 22. The right additional reinforcements 22R1, 22R2 are formed in a strip shape and extend in the vertical direction. The upper and lower ends of the right additional reinforcements 22R1, 22R2 are in contact with the upper peripheral edge 32 and the lower peripheral edge 34 of the wall portion 200, respectively. The right additional reinforcements 22R1, 22R2 are formed to have the same width as the second reinforcement 22.

[0032] It is preferable that the number, width dimension, and length of the left additional reinforcements 20L1, 20L2 and the right additional reinforcements 22R1, 22R2, respectively, the distance from the first reinforcement 20 and the second reinforcement 22, and the distance from the left peripheral portion 36 and the right peripheral portion 38 of the wall portion 200 are set as necessary and in a timely manner from the viewpoint of suppressing the progression of cracks occurring from the opening 14.

[0033] In the wall 2b according to this modification, the upper and lower ends of the first reinforcing member 20 and the second reinforcing member 22 are in contact with the upper peripheral edge portion 32 and the lower peripheral edge portion 34 of the wall portion 200, respectively. This makes it possible to suppress the propagation of cracks originating from the opening 14 in the width direction.

[0034] In addition, in the wall 2b, two left additional reinforcements 20L1, 20L2 are provided on the left side of the first reinforcement 20, and two right additional reinforcements 22R1, 22R2 are provided on the right side of the second reinforcement 22. Therefore, even if a crack starting from the opening 14 propagates in the width direction beyond the first reinforcement 20 and the second reinforcement 22, the crack can be prevented from propagating further in the width direction. As a result, the intrusion of foreign matter such as water into the interior of the wall portion 200 can be prevented.

[0035] [Third Modification of the First Embodiment] Next, Modification 3 of the first embodiment will be described. Fig. 5 is a front view showing an example of a wall 2c according to Modification 3 of the first embodiment. The wall 2c has a different length of the first reinforcing member 20 and the second reinforcing member 22 compared to the wall 2 of the first embodiment. Hereinafter, the same reference numerals will be used to designate components, members, etc. that are the same as or equivalent to those of the wall 2 described above, and duplicated descriptions will be omitted as appropriate, and only different portions will be described.

[0036] 5, the upper and lower ends of the first reinforcing member 20 and the second reinforcing member 22 are located slightly beyond the upper edge 142 and the lower edge 144 of the opening 14, specifically, between the upper edge 142 and the third reinforcing member 24 and between the lower edge 144 and the fourth reinforcing member 26. For this reason, the first reinforcing member 20 and the second reinforcing member 22 do not form intersections 204, 206, 224, 226 with the third reinforcing member 24 and the fourth reinforcing member 26, respectively.

[0037] In the wall 2c of this modified example, the upper and lower ends of the first reinforcement material 20 and the second reinforcement material 22 are positioned between the third reinforcement material 24 and the fourth reinforcement material 26, so that the amounts of the first reinforcement material 20 and the second reinforcement material 22 used can be reduced compared to the wall 2 of the first embodiment, thereby achieving cost reduction.

[0038] [Second embodiment] Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. Fig. 6 is a front view showing an example of a wall 2d according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The wall 2d differs from the wall 2 of the first embodiment in the orientation of reinforcing members 40 to 46 described below. Hereinafter, components, members, etc. that are the same as or equivalent to those of the wall 2 described above will be given the same reference numerals, and duplicated descriptions will be omitted as appropriate, and different portions will be described.

[0039] 6, the wall 2d includes a fifth reinforcing member 40, a sixth reinforcing member 42, a seventh reinforcing member 44, and an eighth reinforcing member 46. The fifth reinforcing member 40, the sixth reinforcing member 42, the seventh reinforcing member 44, and the eighth reinforcing member 46 are examples of reinforcing members according to the present invention. Hereinafter, the fifth reinforcing member 40, the sixth reinforcing member 42, the seventh reinforcing member 44, and the eighth reinforcing member 46 will also be collectively referred to simply as reinforcing members 40 to 46.

[0040] The reinforcing members 40-46 have a predetermined thickness and are formed in a strip shape. The reinforcing members 40-46 are attached to the front surface 200a of the wall portion 200 with an adhesive. The reinforcing members 40-46 may be attached to the rear surface of the wall portion 200, or to both the front surface 200a and the rear surface, with an adhesive. The reinforcing members 40-46 generate stress due to an external force (e.g., earthquake force) applied to the wall 2, and resist the external force.

[0041] The fifth reinforcing member 40 is disposed around the opening 14, specifically on the upper left side of the opening 14. The fifth reinforcing member 40 is disposed diagonally with respect to the upper edge 142 and the left edge 146 that form the upper left corner 150 of the opening 14, specifically, diagonally from the upper right to the lower left of the corner 150. The upper end of the fifth reinforcing member 40 is disposed above the upper edge 142, and the lower end of the fifth reinforcing member 40 is disposed to the left of the left edge 146. Therefore, a part of the fifth reinforcing member 40 faces the upper left corner 150 of the opening 14.

[0042] The sixth reinforcing member 42 is disposed around the opening 14, specifically on the upper right side of the opening 14. The sixth reinforcing member 42 is disposed diagonally with respect to the upper edge 142 and right edge 148 which form the upper right corner 150 of the opening 14, specifically diagonally from the upper left to the lower right of the corner 150. The upper end of the sixth reinforcing member 42 is disposed above the upper edge 142, and the lower end of the sixth reinforcing member 42 is disposed to the right of the right edge 148. Thus, a portion of the sixth reinforcing member 42 faces the upper right corner 150 of the opening 14.

[0043] The seventh reinforcing member 44 is disposed around the opening 14, specifically on the lower left side of the opening 14. The seventh reinforcing member 44 is disposed diagonally with respect to the lower edge 144 and left edge 146 that form the lower left corner 150 of the opening 14, specifically diagonally from the lower right to the upper left of the corner 150. The upper end of the seventh reinforcing member 44 is disposed to the left of the left edge 146, and the lower end of the seventh reinforcing member 44 is disposed below the lower edge 144. Therefore, a part of the seventh reinforcing member 44 faces the lower left corner 150 of the opening 14.

[0044] The eighth reinforcing member 46 is disposed around the opening 14, specifically on the lower right side of the opening 14. The eighth reinforcing member 46 is disposed diagonally with respect to the lower edge 144 and right edge 148 that form the lower right corner 150 of the opening 14, specifically diagonally from the lower left to the upper right of the corner 150. The upper end of the eighth reinforcing member 46 is disposed to the right of the right edge 148, and the lower end of the eighth reinforcing member 46 is disposed below the lower edge 144. Therefore, a part of the eighth reinforcing member 46 faces the lower right corner 150 of the opening 14.

[0045] The reinforcing members 40-46 form gaps in the width direction between the left peripheral portion 36 and the right peripheral portion 38 of the wall portion 200, respectively. The reinforcing members 40-46 also form gaps in the up-down direction between the upper peripheral portion 32 and the lower peripheral portion 34 of the wall portion 200, respectively. The lengths of the reinforcing members 40-46 are set so that no intersections are formed by the reinforcing members 40-46. It is preferable that the width dimensions of the reinforcing members 40-46, the distances from the corners 150 of the opening 14, and the distances from the peripheral portion 30 of the wall portion 200 are appropriately set as necessary from the viewpoint of suppressing the development of cracks generated from the opening 14.

[0046] In the wall 2d according to this embodiment, the reinforcing members 40-46 are arranged diagonally to the edge 140 that forms the corner 150, specifically the upper edge 142, the lower edge 144, the left edge 146, and the right edge 148, while facing the corner 150 of the opening 14. Therefore, even if an external force, specifically an external force in two directions, vertical and horizontal directions, is applied to the wall 2d due to an earthquake or the like, stress is also generated in the reinforcing members 40-46 by these external forces, and the reinforcing members 40-46 resist. Therefore, it is possible to prevent cracks originating from the opening 14 from occurring in the wall body portion 200. Even if a crack originating from the corner 150 occurs, the reinforcing members 40-46 that face the corner 150 can prevent the crack from progressing. As a result, it is possible to prevent foreign matter such as water from entering the inside of the wall body portion 200.

[0047] [Modification 1 of the second embodiment] Next, a first modified example of the second embodiment will be described. Fig. 7 is a front view showing an example of a wall 2e according to the first modified example of the second embodiment. The wall 2e differs from the wall 2d of the second embodiment in the length of the reinforcing members 40-46 and in that intersections 402, 404, 426, and 446 are formed. Hereinafter, components, members, etc. that are the same as or equivalent to those of the wall 2d described above will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and duplicated descriptions will be omitted as appropriate, and only different portions will be described.

[0048] As shown in FIG. 7, the lengths of the reinforcing members 40-46 are set so that intersections 402, 404, 426, and 446 are formed by the reinforcing members 40-46.

[0049] The fifth reinforcement 40 and the sixth reinforcement 42 form an intersection 402 above the opening 14. Either the fifth reinforcement 40 or the sixth reinforcement 42 may be on top at the intersection 402. The fifth reinforcement 40 and the seventh reinforcement 44 form an intersection 404 on the left side of the opening 14. Either the fifth reinforcement 40 or the seventh reinforcement 44 may be on top at the intersection 404. The sixth reinforcement 42 and the eighth reinforcement 46 form an intersection 426 on the right side of the opening 14. Either the sixth reinforcement 42 or the eighth reinforcement 46 may be on top at the intersection 426. The seventh reinforcement 44 and the eighth reinforcement 46 form an intersection 446 below the opening 14. Either the seventh reinforcement 44 or the eighth reinforcement 46 may be on top at the intersection 446.

[0050] In the wall 2e according to this modification, the reinforcing members 40-46 form intersections 402, 404, 426, and 446. Therefore, even if an external force is applied to the wall 2e due to an earthquake or the like, the external force also generates stress in the reinforcing members 40-46, and the reinforcing members 40-46 resist the external force. At this time, since the intersections 402, 404, 426, and 446 are formed, the reinforcing members 40-46 can more strongly resist the external force. Therefore, it is possible to prevent cracks originating from the opening 14 from occurring in the wall portion 200. Even if a crack originating from the opening 14 occurs, the reinforcing members 20-26 surrounding the opening 14 can prevent the crack from progressing.

[0051] [Modification 2 of the second embodiment] Next, Modification 2 of the second embodiment will be described. Fig. 8 is a front view showing an example of a wall 2f according to Modification 2 of the second embodiment. The wall 2f differs from the wall 2e of Modification 1 of the second embodiment in that additional reinforcing members 40L1, 40L2, 42R1, 42R2, 44L1, 44L2, 46R1, and 46R2 are provided. Hereinafter, components, members, etc. that are the same as or equivalent to those of the wall 2e described above will be given the same reference numerals, and duplicated descriptions will be omitted as appropriate, and only different portions will be described.

[0052] 8, the wall 2f of this modified example has two upper left additional reinforcements 40L1, 40L2 on the left side of the fifth reinforcement 40. The upper left additional reinforcements 40L1, 40L2 are formed in a strip shape and extend parallel to the fifth reinforcement 40. The upper left additional reinforcements 40L1, 40L2 are formed to have the same width as the fifth reinforcement 40.

[0053] In addition, the wall 2f has two upper right additional reinforcements 42R1, 42R2 on the right side of the sixth reinforcement 42. The upper right additional reinforcements 42R1, 42R2 are formed in a strip shape and extend parallel to the sixth reinforcement 42. The upper right additional reinforcements 42R1, 42R2 are formed to have the same width as the sixth reinforcement 42.

[0054] In addition, the wall 2f has two lower-left additional reinforcements 44L1, 44L2 on the left side of the seventh reinforcement 44. The lower-left additional reinforcements 44L1, 44L2 are formed in a strip shape and extend parallel to the seventh reinforcement 44. The lower-left additional reinforcements 44L1, 44L2 are formed to have the same width as the seventh reinforcement 44.

[0055] In addition, the wall 2f has two lower right additional reinforcements 46R1, 46R2 on the right side of the eighth reinforcement 46. The lower right additional reinforcements 46R1, 46R2 are formed in a strip shape and extend parallel to the eighth reinforcement 46. The lower right additional reinforcements 46R1, 46R2 are formed to have the same width as the eighth reinforcement 46.

[0056] The upper left additional reinforcements 40L1, 40L2 and the lower left additional reinforcements 44L1, 44L2 respectively form intersections 404L1, 404L2 on the left side of the intersection 404. The upper right additional reinforcements 42R1, 42R2 and the lower right additional reinforcements 46R1, 46R2 respectively form intersections 426R1, 426R2 on the right side of the intersection 426.

[0057] It is preferable that the number, width dimension, and length, distance from the reinforcements 40-46, and distance from the periphery 30 of the wall portion 200 of the additional reinforcements 40L1, 40L2, 42R1, 42R2, 44L1, 44L2, 46R1, and 46R2 are each set appropriately as needed from the viewpoint of suppressing the progression of cracks occurring from the opening 14.

[0058] In the wall 2f according to this modification, two upper left additional reinforcements 40L1, 40L2 and two lower left additional reinforcements 44L1, 44L2 are provided on the left side of the fifth reinforcement 40 and the seventh reinforcement 44. In addition, two upper right additional reinforcements 42R1, 42R2 and two lower right additional reinforcements 46R1, 46R2 are provided on the right side of the sixth reinforcement 42 and the eighth reinforcement 46. Therefore, even if a crack starting from the opening 14 progresses in the width direction beyond the reinforcements 40 to 46, the crack can be prevented from further progressing in the width direction. As a result, it is possible to prevent foreign matter such as water from entering the inside of the wall portion 200.

[0059] Furthermore, in the wall 2f, intersections 404L1, 404L2, 426R1, 426R2 are formed by the additional reinforcements 40L1, 40L2, 42R1, 42R2, 44L1, 44L2, 46R1, 46R2. Therefore, even if an external force is applied to the wall 2f due to an earthquake or the like, the external force also generates stress in the additional reinforcements 40L1, 40L2, 42R1, 42R2, 44L1, 44L2, 46R1, 46R2, and the additional reinforcements 40L1, 40L2, 42R1, 42R2, 44L1, 44L2, 46R1, 46R2 also resist. At this time, since the intersections 404L1, 404L2, 426R1, and 426R2 are formed, the additional reinforcements 40L1, 40L2, 42R1, 42R2, 44L1, 44L2, 46R1, and 46R2 can resist external forces more strongly. Therefore, the occurrence of cracks originating from the openings 14 in the wall portion 200 can be suppressed.

[0060] [Modification 3 of the second embodiment] Next, Modification 3 of the second embodiment will be described. Fig. 9 is a front view showing an example of a wall 2g according to Modification 3 of the second embodiment. The wall 2g differs from the wall 2e of Modification 1 of the second embodiment in the arrangement pattern of the reinforcing members 20, 22, 40, 42, 44, 46. Hereinafter, components, members, etc. that are the same as or equivalent to those of the above-mentioned wall 2e will be given the same reference numerals, and duplicated descriptions will be omitted as appropriate, and only different portions will be described.

[0061] 9, the wall 2g includes a first reinforcing member 20, a second reinforcing member 22, a fifth reinforcing member 40, a sixth reinforcing member 42, a seventh reinforcing member 44, and an eighth reinforcing member 46. Hereinafter, the first reinforcing member 20, the second reinforcing member 22, the fifth reinforcing member 40, the sixth reinforcing member 42, the seventh reinforcing member 44, and the eighth reinforcing member 46 will also be collectively referred to simply as reinforcing members 20, 22, 40 to 46.

[0062] The first reinforcement 20 and the fifth reinforcement 40 form an intersection 506 on the upper left side of the opening 14. Either the first reinforcement 20 or the fifth reinforcement 40 may be on top at the intersection 506. The first reinforcement 20 and the seventh reinforcement 44 form an intersection 505 on the lower left side of the opening 14. Either the first reinforcement 20 or the seventh reinforcement 44 may be on top at the intersection 505. The sixth reinforcement 42 and the second reinforcement 22 form an intersection 502 on the upper right side of the opening 14. Either the sixth reinforcement 42 or the second reinforcement 22 may be on top at the intersection 502. The eighth reinforcement 46 and the second reinforcement 22 form an intersection 503 on the lower right side of the opening 14. Either the eighth reinforcement 46 or the second reinforcement 22 may be on top at the intersection 503. In this modified example, a case where the number of intersections is six will be described, but the number of intersections is not limited to this and may be, for example, eight.

[0063] In the wall 2g according to this modification, six intersections 402, 446, 502, 503, 505, and 506 are formed by the reinforcing members 20, 22, 40 to 46. Therefore, even if an external force is applied to the wall 2g due to an earthquake or the like, the external force also generates stress in the reinforcing members 20, 22, 40 to 46, and the reinforcing members 20, 22, 40 to 46 resist the external force. At this time, since the intersections 402, 446, 502, 503, 505, and 506 are formed, the reinforcing members 20, 22, 40 to 46 can resist the external force more strongly. Therefore, the occurrence of cracks originating from the openings 14 in the wall portion 200 can be suppressed.

[0064] [Third embodiment] Next, a third embodiment will be described. Fig. 10 is a front view showing an example of a wall 2h according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The wall 2h has a different shape of an opening 14a from the wall 2 of the first embodiment. Hereinafter, the same reference numerals will be used to designate components, members, etc. that are the same as or equivalent to those of the wall 2 described above, and duplicated descriptions will be omitted as appropriate, and only different portions will be described.

[0065] As shown in FIG. 10, the opening 14a is formed in a circular shape.

[0066] The reinforcing members 20 to 26 are disposed adjacent to the opening 14a and surround the opening 14a. The first reinforcing member 20 and the second reinforcing member 22 extend in the up-down direction around the opening 14a, specifically on the left and right sides of the opening 14a, respectively. The third reinforcing member 24 and the fourth reinforcing member 26 extend in the left-right direction (width direction) around the opening 14a, specifically on the upper and lower sides of the opening 14a, respectively.

[0067] When the opening 14a is circular, it is difficult to predict the starting point of a crack at the opening 14a. In this regard, in the wall 2h according to this modification, the reinforcing members 20-26 are disposed adjacent to the opening 14a and surround the opening 14a. Therefore, regardless of the position of the crack at the opening 14a, the progression of the crack can be suppressed. As a result, the intrusion of foreign matter such as water into the interior of the wall portion 200 can be suppressed.

[0068] [Fourth embodiment] Next, a fourth embodiment will be described. Fig. 11 is a front view showing an example of a wall 2i according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. The wall 2i is different from the wall 2 of the first embodiment in the position of the opening 14b. Hereinafter, the same or equivalent components, members, etc. as those of the wall 2 described above will be given the same reference numerals, and duplicated descriptions will be omitted as appropriate, and only different parts will be described.

[0069] 11, the opening 14b is disposed adjacent to a portion of the periphery 30 of the wall portion 200, specifically in contact with the lower periphery 34. In this embodiment, the opening 14b is a rectangle that is shorter in the left-right direction than in the up-down direction, but the shape is not limited to this.

[0070] The third reinforcing member 24 is disposed with an opening 14b between it and the lower peripheral edge 34. The reinforcing members 20 to 24 surround the opening 14b together with the lower peripheral edge 34. In this embodiment, since the opening 14b is in contact with the lower peripheral edge 34, there is no room to dispose the fourth reinforcing member 26 below the lower peripheral edge 34.

[0071] In the wall 2i according to this embodiment, the opening 14b is surrounded by the reinforcing members 20-24 and the lower peripheral edge 34, so there is no need to provide the fourth reinforcing member 26, and the amount of reinforcing member used can be reduced, thereby achieving cost reduction. In addition, since the opening 14b is disposed in contact with the lower peripheral edge 34, cracks originating from the corners 150 of the opening 14b do not progress downward to the wall portion 200 even without providing the fourth reinforcing member 26.

[0072] [Modification 1 of the fourth embodiment] Next, a first modified example of the fourth embodiment will be described. Fig. 12 is a front view showing an example of a wall 2j according to the first modified example of the fourth embodiment. The wall 2j differs from the wall 2i of the fourth embodiment in that the reinforcing members 20-24 are not provided, but reinforcing members 40, 42 and additional reinforcing members 40L, 40R are provided. Hereinafter, components, members, etc. that are the same as or equivalent to those of the wall 2i described above will be given the same reference numerals, and duplicated descriptions will be omitted as appropriate, and only different portions will be described.

[0073] As shown in Fig. 12, the fifth reinforcing member 40 is disposed around the opening 14b, specifically on the upper left side of the opening 14b. The fifth reinforcing member 40 is disposed diagonally with respect to the upper edge 142 and the left edge 146 that form the upper left corner 150 of the opening 14b, specifically, diagonally from the upper right to the lower left of the corner 150. The upper end of the fifth reinforcing member 40 is disposed above the upper edge 142, and the lower end of the fifth reinforcing member 40 is disposed to the left of the left edge 146. Therefore, a part of the fifth reinforcing member 40 faces the upper left corner 150 of the opening 14b.

[0074] The sixth reinforcing member 42 is disposed around the opening 14b, specifically on the upper right side of the opening 14b. The sixth reinforcing member 42 is disposed diagonally with respect to the upper edge 142 and right edge 148 that form the upper right corner 150 of the opening 14b, specifically diagonally from the upper left to the lower right of the corner 150. The upper end of the sixth reinforcing member 42 is disposed above the upper edge 142, and the lower end of the sixth reinforcing member 42 is disposed to the right of the right edge 148. Therefore, a part of the sixth reinforcing member 42 faces the upper right corner 150 of the opening 14b.

[0075] The wall 2f of this modified example has one upper left additional reinforcement 40L on the left side of the fifth reinforcement 40. The upper left additional reinforcement 40L is formed in a band shape and extends parallel to the fifth reinforcement 40. The upper left additional reinforcement 40L is formed to the same width as the fifth reinforcement 40. In addition, the wall 2f has one upper right additional reinforcement 42R on the right side of the sixth reinforcement 42. The upper right additional reinforcement 42R is formed in a band shape and extends parallel to the sixth reinforcement 42. The upper right additional reinforcement 42R is formed to the same width as the sixth reinforcement 42.

[0076] In the wall 2j according to this modification, the reinforcing members 40, 42 are disposed obliquely to the edge 140 that forms the corner 150, specifically the upper edge 142, the left edge 146, and the right edge 148, while facing the corner 150 of the opening 14b. Therefore, even if an external force, specifically an external force in two directions, vertical and horizontal directions, is applied to the wall 2d due to an earthquake or the like, the external force also generates stress in the reinforcing members 40, 42, which resist the external force. Therefore, it is possible to prevent cracks originating from the opening 14b from occurring in the wall portion 200. As a result, it is possible to prevent foreign matter such as water from entering the inside of the wall portion 200.

[0077] In the wall 2j according to this modification, an upper left additional reinforcement 40L is provided on the left side of the fifth reinforcement 40. In addition, an upper right additional reinforcement 42R is provided on the right side of the sixth reinforcement 42. Therefore, even if a crack starting from the opening 14b propagates in the width direction beyond the reinforcements 40 and 42, the crack can be prevented from propagating further in the width direction. As a result, the intrusion of foreign matter such as water into the interior of the wall portion 200 can be prevented.

[0078] [Modification 2 of the fourth embodiment] Next, a second modified example of the fourth embodiment will be described. Fig. 13 is a front view showing an example of a wall 2k according to the second modified example of the fourth embodiment. The wall 2k differs from the wall 2j of the first modified example of the fourth embodiment in that the length of the reinforcing members 40 and 42, the additional reinforcing members 40a, 40b, 42a, 42b, and the cross reinforcing members 40c to 40f, 42c to 42f are provided. Hereinafter, the same reference numerals will be used to designate components, members, etc. that are the same as or equivalent to those of the wall 2j described above, and duplicated descriptions will be omitted as appropriate, and only different portions will be described.

[0079] 13, the fifth reinforcement 40 is disposed around the opening 14, specifically on the upper left side of the opening 14. The fifth reinforcement 40 is disposed diagonally with respect to the upper edge 142 and the left edge 146 that form the upper left corner 150 of the opening 14, specifically diagonally from the upper right to the lower left of the corner 150. An upper end of the fifth reinforcement 40 is adjacent to the upper peripheral edge 32, and a lower end of the fifth reinforcement 40 is adjacent to the left peripheral edge 36.

[0080] The sixth reinforcement 42 is disposed around the opening 14, specifically on the upper right side of the opening 14. The sixth reinforcement 42 is disposed diagonally relative to the top edge 142 and right edge 148 that form the upper right corner 150 of the opening 14, specifically diagonally from the upper left to the lower right of the corner 150. An upper end of the sixth reinforcement 42 is adjacent to the upper peripheral edge 32, and a lower end of the sixth reinforcement 42 is adjacent to the right peripheral edge 38.

[0081] The wall 2k of this modification has two lower right additional reinforcements 40a, 40b on the lower right side of the fifth reinforcement 40. The lower right additional reinforcements 40a, 40b are formed in a strip shape and extend parallel to the fifth reinforcement 40. The lower right additional reinforcements 40a, 40b are formed to the same width as the fifth reinforcement 40. The wall 2k also has cross reinforcements 40c to 40f. The cross reinforcement 40c extends to intersect with the fifth reinforcement 40 and the lower right additional reinforcement 40a at a right angle, and forms intersections 400c, 40ac with the fifth reinforcement 40 and the lower right additional reinforcement 40a. The cross reinforcement 40d is disposed to the lower left of the cross reinforcement 40c. The cross reinforcement 40d extends to intersect the fifth reinforcement 40 and the lower right additional reinforcements 40a and 40b at right angles, and forms intersections 400d, 40ad, and 40bd with the fifth reinforcement 40 and the lower right additional reinforcements 40a and 40b. The cross reinforcement 40e is disposed to the lower left of the cross reinforcement 40d. The cross reinforcement 40e extends to intersect the fifth reinforcement 40 and the lower right additional reinforcements 40a and 40b at right angles, and forms intersections 400e, 40de, and 40be with the fifth reinforcement 40 and the lower right additional reinforcements 40a and 40b. The cross reinforcement 40f is disposed to the lower left of the cross reinforcement 40e. The cross reinforcement 40f extends so as to cross the lower right additional reinforcements 40a, 40b at a right angle, and forms intersections 40af, 40bf with the lower right additional reinforcements 40a, 40b.

[0082] Furthermore, the wall 2f of this modified example has two lower left additional reinforcements 42a, 42b on the lower left side of the sixth reinforcement 42. The lower left additional reinforcements 42a, 42b are formed in a strip shape and extend parallel to the sixth reinforcement 42. The lower left additional reinforcements 42a, 42b are formed to the same width as the sixth reinforcement 42. The wall 2f also has cross reinforcements 42c to 42f. The cross reinforcement 42c extends to intersect with the sixth reinforcement 42 and the lower left additional reinforcement 42a at a right angle, and forms intersections 422c, 42ac with the sixth reinforcement 42 and the lower left additional reinforcement 42a. The cross reinforcement 42d is disposed to the lower right of the cross reinforcement 42c. The cross reinforcement 42d extends so as to intersect the sixth reinforcement 42 and the lower left additional reinforcements 42a and 42b at right angles, and forms intersections 422d, 42ad, and 42bd with the sixth reinforcement 42 and the lower left additional reinforcements 42a and 42b. The cross reinforcement 42e is disposed to the lower right of the cross reinforcement 42d. The cross reinforcement 42e extends so as to intersect the sixth reinforcement 42 and the lower left additional reinforcements 42a and 42b at right angles, and forms intersections 422e, 42de, and 42be with the sixth reinforcement 42 and the lower left additional reinforcements 42a and 42b. The cross reinforcement 42f is disposed to the lower right of the cross reinforcement 42e. The cross reinforcement 42f extends so as to cross the lower left additional reinforcements 42a and 42b at right angles, and forms intersections 42af and 42bf with the lower left additional reinforcements 42a and 42b.

[0083] In the wall 2k according to this modification, ten intersections 400c, 40ac, 400d, 40ad, 40bd, 400e, 40de, 40be, 40af, and 40bf are formed on the left side of the opening 14b by the fifth reinforcement 40, the lower right additional reinforcements 40a and 40b, and the cross reinforcements 40c to 40f. Also, ten intersections 422c, 42ac, 422d, 42ad, 42bd, 422e, 42de, 42be, 42af, and 42bf are formed on the right side of the opening 14b by the sixth reinforcement 42, the lower left additional reinforcements 42a and 42b, and the cross reinforcements 42c to 42f. For this reason, even if an external force is applied to wall 2k due to an earthquake or the like, that external force will also generate stress in the fifth reinforcement 40, the lower right additional reinforcement 40a, 40b, the cross reinforcements 40c to 40f, the sixth reinforcement 42, the lower left additional reinforcement 42a, 42b, and the cross reinforcements 42c to 42f, and the fifth reinforcement 40, the lower right additional reinforcement 40a, 40b, the cross reinforcements 40c to 40f, the sixth reinforcement 42, the lower left additional reinforcement 42a, 42b, and the cross reinforcements 42c to 42f will resist it. At this time, intersections 400c, 40ac, 400d, 40ad, 40bd, 400e, 40de, 40be, 40af, and 40bf are formed on the left side of the opening 14b, and intersections 422c, 42ac, 422d, 42ad, 42bd, 422e, 42de, 42be, 42af, and 42bf are formed on the right side of the opening 14b, so that the fifth reinforcement member 40, the lower right additional reinforcement members 40a and 40b, the cross reinforcement members 40c to 40f, the sixth reinforcement member 42, the lower left additional reinforcement members 42a and 42b, and the cross reinforcement members 42c to 42f can resist external forces more strongly. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of cracks originating from the opening 14b in the wall portion 200.

[0084] [Modification 3 of the fourth embodiment] Next, Modification 3 of the fourth embodiment will be described. Fig. 14 is a front view showing an example of a wall 2l according to Modification 3 of the fourth embodiment. The wall 2l differs from the wall 2i of the fourth embodiment in that a fifth reinforcing member 40 and a sixth reinforcing member 42 are provided, and in the shape of the opening 14. Hereinafter, components, members, etc. that are the same as or equivalent to those of the above-mentioned wall 2i will be given the same reference numerals, and duplicated descriptions will be omitted as appropriate, and only different portions will be described.

[0085] As shown in Fig. 14, the opening 14 is a rectangle that is longer in the left-right direction than in the up-down direction. The shape of the opening 14 is not limited to this. In this modification, the opening 14 is disposed adjacent to a part of the periphery 30 of the wall portion 200, specifically, slightly spaced upward from the lower periphery 34. The opening 14 may be disposed in contact with the lower periphery 34.

[0086] The first reinforcing member 20 and the second reinforcing member 22 are disposed around the opening 14, specifically to the left of the left edge 146 and to the right of the right edge 148, adjacent to the left edge 146 and the right edge 148, respectively, and extend in the vertical direction. The lower ends of the first reinforcing member 20 and the second reinforcing member 22 extend beyond the lower edge 144 of the opening 14 and contact the lower peripheral edge 34 of the wall portion 200.

[0087] The first reinforcement 20 and the fifth reinforcement 40 form an intersection 240 on the upper left side of the opening 14. Either the first reinforcement 20 or the fifth reinforcement 40 may be on top at the intersection 240. The second reinforcement 22 and the sixth reinforcement 42 form an intersection 242 on the upper right side of the opening 14. Either the second reinforcement 22 or the sixth reinforcement 42 may be on top at the intersection 242. The fifth reinforcement 40 and the sixth reinforcement 42 form an intersection 402 on the upper side of the opening 14. Either the fifth reinforcement 40 or the sixth reinforcement 42 may be on top at the intersection 402.

[0088] In the wall 2l according to this modification, three intersections 240, 242, 402 are formed by the reinforcing members 20, 22, 40, 42. Therefore, even if an external force is applied to the wall 2l due to an earthquake or the like, the external force also generates stress in the reinforcing members 20, 22, 40, 42, which resist the external force. At this time, since the intersections 240, 242, 402 are formed, the reinforcing members 20, 22, 40, 42 can more strongly resist the external force. Therefore, the occurrence of cracks originating from the openings 14 in the wall portion 200 can be suppressed.

[0089] [Modification 4 of the fourth embodiment] Next, a fourth modified example of the fourth embodiment will be described. Fig. 15 is a front view showing an example of a wall 2m according to the fourth modified example of the fourth embodiment. The wall 2m differs from the wall 2i of the fourth embodiment in that the position of the opening 14a and an eighth reinforcing member 46 are provided. Hereinafter, components, members, etc. that are the same as or equivalent to those of the wall 2i described above will be given the same reference numerals, and duplicated descriptions will be omitted as appropriate, and only different portions will be described.

[0090] 15, opening 14a is disposed in the upper left corner of wall portion 200. Opening 14a is adjacent to a portion of periphery 30 of wall portion 200, specifically adjacent to upper periphery 32 and left periphery 36. In this modification, opening 14a is round, but the shape is not limited to this.

[0091] The eighth reinforcement member 46 is disposed with the opening 14a disposed between the upper periphery 32 and the left periphery 36. In other words, the eighth reinforcement member 46, together with the upper periphery 32 and the left periphery 36, surrounds the opening 14a.

[0092] In the wall 2m according to this modification, the opening 14a is surrounded by the eighth reinforcement 46, the upper peripheral portion 32, and the left peripheral portion 36, so that the amount of reinforcement used can be reduced, thereby achieving cost reduction. Also, by simply arranging the eighth reinforcement 46, it is possible to suppress the progression of cracks originating from the opening 14a without providing other reinforcements, i.e., the fifth reinforcement 40, the sixth reinforcement 42, and the seventh reinforcement 44.

[0093] [Variation 5 of the Fourth Embodiment] Next, a fifth modified example of the fourth embodiment will be described. Fig. 16 is a front view showing an example of a wall 2n according to the fifth modified example of the fourth embodiment. The wall 2n differs from the wall 2m of the fourth modified example of the fourth embodiment in the position of the opening 14a and in that a seventh reinforcing member 44 and an eighth reinforcing member 46 are provided. Hereinafter, components, members, etc. that are the same as or equivalent to those of the wall 2m described above will be given the same reference numerals, and duplicated descriptions will be omitted as appropriate, and only different portions will be described.

[0094] 16, the opening 14a is disposed adjacent to a portion of the periphery 30 of the wall portion 200, specifically adjacent to the upper periphery 32. In this modification, the opening 14a is round, but the shape is not limited to this.

[0095] The seventh reinforcing member 44 and the eighth reinforcing member 46 are disposed with the opening 14a between them and the upper peripheral edge portion 32. In other words, the seventh reinforcing member 44 and the eighth reinforcing member 46, together with the upper peripheral edge portion 32, surround the opening 14a.

[0096] In the wall 2n according to this modification, the opening 14a is surrounded by the seventh reinforcement member 44, the eighth reinforcement member 46, and the upper peripheral edge portion 32, so that the amount of reinforcement material used can be reduced, thereby achieving cost reduction. In addition, by simply arranging the seventh reinforcement member 44 and the eighth reinforcement member 46, it is possible to suppress the progression of cracks originating from the opening 14a without providing other reinforcement members, i.e., the fifth reinforcement member 40 and the sixth reinforcement member 42.

[0097] In the wall 2n according to this embodiment, the seventh reinforcement member 44 and the eighth reinforcement member 46 are attached to the wall body portion 200 while forming an intersection portion 446. Therefore, even if an external force is applied to the wall 2n due to an earthquake or the like, the external force also generates stress in the seventh reinforcement member 44 and the eighth reinforcement member 46, and the seventh reinforcement member 44 and the eighth reinforcement member 46 resist the external force. At this time, since the intersection portion 446 is formed, the seventh reinforcement member 44 and the eighth reinforcement member 46 can more strongly resist the external force. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of cracks originating from the opening portion 14a in the wall body portion 200.

[0098] [Modification 6 of the fourth embodiment] Next, a sixth modified example of the fourth embodiment will be described. Fig. 17 is a front view showing an example of a wall 2p according to the sixth modified example of the fourth embodiment. The wall 2p differs from the wall 2n of the fifth modified example of the fourth embodiment in that a first reinforcing member 20, a second reinforcing member 22, and a fourth reinforcing member 26 are provided. Hereinafter, components, members, etc. that are the same as or equivalent to those of the wall 2n described above will be given the same reference numerals, and duplicated descriptions will be omitted as appropriate, and only different portions will be described.

[0099] The fourth reinforcing member 26 is disposed with the opening 14a between it and the upper peripheral edge 32. The first reinforcing member 20, the second reinforcing member 22, and the fourth reinforcing member 26, together with the upper peripheral edge 32, surround the opening 14a.

[0100] In the wall 2p according to this modification, the opening 14a is surrounded by the first reinforcing member 20, the second reinforcing member 22, the fourth reinforcing member 26, and the upper peripheral edge portion 32, so that the amount of reinforcing member used can be reduced, thereby achieving cost reduction. In addition, by simply arranging the first reinforcing member 20, the second reinforcing member 22, and the fourth reinforcing member 26, the development of cracks originating from the opening 14a can be suppressed without providing another reinforcing member, i.e., the third reinforcing member 24.

[0101] In the wall 2p according to this embodiment, the first reinforcement member 20, the second reinforcement member 22, and the fourth reinforcement member 26 are attached to the wall body portion 200 while forming the intersections 206, 226. Therefore, even if an external force is applied to the wall 2p due to an earthquake or the like, the external force also generates stress in the first reinforcement member 20, the second reinforcement member 22, and the fourth reinforcement member 26, and the first reinforcement member 20, the second reinforcement member 22, and the fourth reinforcement member 26 resist the external force. At this time, since the intersections 206, 226 are formed, the first reinforcement member 20, the second reinforcement member 22, and the fourth reinforcement member 26 can resist the external force more strongly. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of cracks originating from the openings 14a in the wall body portion 200.

[0102] [Fifth embodiment] Next, a fifth embodiment will be described. Fig. 18 is a front view showing an example of a wall 2q according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. The wall 2q differs from the wall 2d of the second embodiment in the length of the reinforcing members 40-46 and in that intersections 404b and 426b are provided. Hereinafter, components, members, etc. that are the same as or equivalent to those of the wall 2d described above will be given the same reference numerals, and duplicated descriptions will be omitted as appropriate, and only different portions will be described.

[0103] In this embodiment, multiple reinforcing materials are provided, and one of the reinforcing materials has one end in contact with the upper part of the periphery of the wall portion and the other end in contact with the side part of the periphery, and another of the reinforcing materials has one end in contact with the lower part of the periphery and the other end in contact with the side part of the periphery, and the one reinforcing material and the other reinforcing material form an intersection on the side of the other end.

[0104] Specifically, as shown in FIG. 18, one end 400a of the fifth reinforcing member 40 (an example of one reinforcing member) contacts the upper peripheral portion 32 (an example of the upper portion of the peripheral portion) of the peripheral portion 30 of the wall portion 200, and the other end 400b of the fifth reinforcing member 40 contacts the left peripheral portion 36 (an example of the side portion of the peripheral portion) of the peripheral portion 30. One end 440a of the seventh reinforcing member 44 (an example of another reinforcing member) contacts the lower peripheral portion 34 (an example of the lower portion of the peripheral portion) of the peripheral portion 30, and the other end 440b of the seventh reinforcing member 44 contacts the left peripheral portion 36. The other end 440b of the seventh reinforcing member 44 is located above the other end 400b of the fifth reinforcing member 40. The fifth reinforcing member 40 and the seventh reinforcing member 44 form an intersection portion 404b on the left side of the opening 14 on the side of their other ends 400b, 44b. At the intersection 404b, either the fifth reinforcing member 40 or the seventh reinforcing member 44 may be on top. The vertical distance H1 from one end 400a of the fifth reinforcing member 40 to the other end 440b of the seventh reinforcing member 44, the vertical distance H2 from the other end 400b of the fifth reinforcing member 40 to one end 440a of the seventh reinforcing member 44, and the vertical distance H3 from the other end 400b of the fifth reinforcing member 40 to the other end 440b of the seventh reinforcing member 44 are all equal.

[0105] As shown in FIG. 18, one end 420a of the sixth reinforcing member 42 (one example of one reinforcing member) contacts the upper peripheral edge portion 32, and the other end 420b of the sixth reinforcing member 42 contacts the right peripheral edge portion 38 (one example of a side portion of the peripheral edge) of the peripheral edge 30. One end 460a of the eighth reinforcing member 46 (one example of another reinforcing member) contacts the lower peripheral edge portion 34, and the other end 460b of the eighth reinforcing member 46 contacts the right peripheral edge portion 38. The other end 460b of the eighth reinforcing member 46 is located above the other end 420b of the sixth reinforcing member 42. The sixth reinforcing member 42 and the eighth reinforcing member 46 form an intersection 426b on the side of their other ends 420b, 46b, to the right of the opening 14. Either the sixth reinforcing member 42 or the eighth reinforcing member 46 may be on top at the intersection 426b. The vertical distance H1 from one end 420a of the sixth reinforcement member 42 to the other end 460b of the eighth reinforcement member 46, the vertical distance H2 from the other end 420b of the sixth reinforcement member 42 to one end 460a of the eighth reinforcement member 46, and the vertical distance H3 from the other end 420b of the sixth reinforcement member 42 to the other end 460b of the eighth reinforcement member 46 are all equal.

[0106] The fifth reinforcing member 40 and the seventh reinforcing member 44 each form a gap in the width direction between themselves and the right peripheral edge 38 of the wall portion 200. The sixth reinforcing member 42 and the eighth reinforcing member 46 each form a gap in the width direction between themselves and the left peripheral edge 36 of the wall portion 200.

[0107] In the wall 2q according to this embodiment, the fifth reinforcement member 40 contacts the upper peripheral portion 32 at one end 400a and contacts the left peripheral portion 36 at the other end 400b. The seventh reinforcement member 44 contacts the lower peripheral portion 34 at one end 440a and contacts the left peripheral portion 36 at the other end 440b. The sixth reinforcement member 42 contacts the upper peripheral portion 32 at one end 420a and contacts the right peripheral portion 38 at the other end 420b. The eighth reinforcement member 46 contacts the lower peripheral portion 34 at one end 460a and contacts the right peripheral portion 38 at the other end 460b. For this reason, the fifth reinforcement member 40 and the seventh reinforcement member 44 are disposed in the region to the left of the opening 14 in the wall portion 200, and the sixth reinforcement member 42 and the eighth reinforcement member 46 are disposed in the region to the right of the opening 14 in the wall portion 200. Therefore, the regions on the left and right sides of the opening 14 in the wall portion 200 can be reinforced.

[0108] In addition, in wall 2q, the vertical distance H1 from one end 400a of the fifth reinforcement member 40 to the other end 440b of the seventh reinforcement member 44, the vertical distance H2 from the other end 400b of the fifth reinforcement member 40 to one end 440a of the seventh reinforcement member 44, and the vertical distance H3 from the other end 400b of the fifth reinforcement member 40 to the other end 440b of the seventh reinforcement member 44 are equal.

[0109] [Modification 1 of the fifth embodiment] Next, a first modified example of the fifth embodiment will be described. Fig. 19 is a front view showing an example of a wall 2r according to the first modified example of the fifth embodiment. The wall 2r differs from the wall 2q of the fifth embodiment in the positions of the intersections 404b, 426b. Hereinafter, components, members, etc. that are the same as or equivalent to those of the wall 2a described above will be given the same reference numerals, and duplicated descriptions will be omitted as appropriate, and only different portions will be described.

[0110] 19, the other end 440b of the seventh reinforcing member 44 overlaps the other end 400b of the fifth reinforcing member 40. That is, the fifth reinforcing member 40 and the seventh reinforcing member 44 form an intersection 404b at the other ends 400b, 44b of each other on the left side of the opening 14. Either the fifth reinforcing member 40 or the seventh reinforcing member 44 may be on top at the intersection 404b. The vertical distance H4 from one end 400a of the fifth reinforcing member 40 to the intersection 404b and the vertical distance H5 from one end 440a of the seventh reinforcing member 44 to the intersection 404b are equal.

[0111] The other end 420b of the sixth reinforcing member 42 overlaps the other end 460b of the eighth reinforcing member 46. That is, the sixth reinforcing member 42 and the eighth reinforcing member 46 form an intersection 426b at the other ends 420b, 46b of each other to the right of the opening 14. Either the sixth reinforcing member 42 or the eighth reinforcing member 46 may be on top at the intersection 426b. A distance H4 in the vertical direction from one end 420a of the sixth reinforcing member 42 to the intersection 426b and a distance H5 in the vertical direction from one end 460a of the eighth reinforcing member 46 to the intersection 426b are equal.

[0112] In the wall 2r according to this modification, the vertical distance H4 from one end 400a of the fifth reinforcement 40 to the intersection 404b is equal to the vertical distance H5 from one end 440a of the seventh reinforcement 44 to the intersection 404b. The vertical distance H4 from one end 420a of the sixth reinforcement 42 to the intersection 426b is equal to the vertical distance H5 from one end 460a of the eighth reinforcement 46 to the intersection 426b. The intersections 404b and 426b may be set at the same height as the vertical midpoints of the left edge 146 and the right edge 148 of the opening 14.

[0113] [Sixth embodiment] Next, a sixth embodiment will be described. Fig. 20 is a front view showing an example of a wall 2s according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. The wall 2s differs from the wall 2 of the first embodiment in that a cross-type reinforcing member (an example of a set) 60 is provided. Hereinafter, components, members, etc. that are the same as or equivalent to those of the wall 2 described above will be given the same reference numerals, and duplicated descriptions will be omitted as appropriate, and only different portions will be described.

[0114] In this embodiment, a plurality of reinforcing members are provided, the plurality of reinforcing members are arranged to form at least one intersection to form one set, and the sets are scattered in plurality.

[0115] Specifically, as shown in FIG. 20, the wall 2s has a plurality of cross-type reinforcements 60. The cross-type reinforcement 60 is composed of one set of a ninth reinforcement 62 and a tenth reinforcement 64. In this embodiment, the ninth reinforcement 62 is arranged in a diagonal direction from the upper left to the lower right, and is attached to the surface 200a of the wall body portion 200. The tenth reinforcement 64 overlaps with the ninth reinforcement 62 to form an intersection 624. As an example, the ninth reinforcement 62 and the tenth reinforcement 64 intersect at a right angle. In this embodiment, a plurality of cross-type reinforcements 60 are scattered. Specifically, four cross-type reinforcements 60 are arranged on the left side of the opening 14, four cross-type reinforcements 60 are arranged on the right side of the opening 14, one cross-type reinforcement 60 is arranged on the upper side of the opening 14, and one cross-type reinforcement 60 is arranged on the lower side of the opening 14. The arrangement pattern of the cross-type reinforcements 60 is not limited to this, and is preferably set as needed from the viewpoint of suppressing the progress of cracks generated from the opening 14.

[0116] In the wall 2s according to this embodiment, a plurality of cross-type reinforcements 60 are scattered around the opening 14. Therefore, even if an external force is applied to the wall 2s due to an earthquake or the like, the external force also generates stress in the cross-type reinforcements 60, which resist the external force. At this time, since the intersections 624 are formed in each cross-type reinforcement 60, the cross-type reinforcement 60 can more strongly resist the external force. Therefore, the occurrence of cracks originating from the opening 14 in the wall portion 200 can be suppressed.

[0117] [Seventh embodiment] Next, a seventh embodiment will be described. Fig. 21 is a front view showing an example of a wall 2t according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. The wall 2t differs from the wall 2 of the first embodiment in that a right reinforcing member 70R and a left reinforcing member 70L are provided. Hereinafter, components, members, etc. that are the same as or equivalent to those of the wall 2 described above will be given the same reference numerals, and duplicated descriptions will be omitted as appropriate, and different portions will be described.

[0118] In this embodiment, the reinforcing material is formed in a sheet shape. Specifically, the right side reinforcing material 70R and the left side reinforcing material 70L have a predetermined thickness and are formed in a sheet shape. The right side reinforcing material 70R and the left side reinforcing material 70L are attached to the front surface 200a of the wall body portion 200 with an adhesive. The right side reinforcing material 70R and the left side reinforcing material 70L may be attached to the back surface of the wall body portion 200, or to both the front surface 200a and the back surface with an adhesive. The right side reinforcing material 70R and the left side reinforcing material 70L generate stress due to an external force (e.g., earthquake force) applied to the wall 2, and resist the external force.

[0119] In this embodiment, the opening is formed with at least one gap between the side of the periphery of the wall portion, and the reinforcing material is disposed in at least one of the gaps. More specifically, the opening is formed with two gaps between the opening and the side, and a plurality of reinforcing materials are provided and disposed in each of the gaps. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 21, the opening 14 is formed with two gaps between the left peripheral portion 36 and the right peripheral portion 38 of the periphery 30. Specifically, the opening 14 is formed in the center of the wall portion 200, and predetermined gaps are formed on both the left and right sides of the opening 14.

[0120] In this embodiment, the right reinforcement 70R is disposed in one of the gaps, i.e., between the opening 14 and the right peripheral edge 38. The left reinforcement 70L is disposed in one of the gaps, i.e., between the opening 14 and the left peripheral edge 36. The upper and lower ends of the right reinforcement 70R and the left reinforcement 70L are disposed in positions beyond the upper edge 142 and the lower edge 144 of the opening 14. Therefore, the right reinforcement 70R and the left reinforcement 70L each face the corner 150 of the opening 14 at a part thereof. The right reinforcement 70R and the left reinforcement 70L form a gap in the width direction between the left peripheral edge 36 and the right peripheral edge 38 of the wall portion 200, respectively. In addition, the right reinforcement 70R and the left reinforcement 70L form a gap in the up-down direction between the upper peripheral edge 32 and the lower peripheral edge 34 of the wall portion 200, respectively.

[0121] In the wall 2t according to this embodiment, even if an external force is applied to the wall 2 due to an earthquake or the like, the external force also generates stress in the right reinforcement member 70R and the left reinforcement member 70L, which resists the external force. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of cracks originating from the opening 14 in the wall portion 200.

[0122] Here, cracks caused by external forces are likely to occur starting from the corner 150 of the opening 14. In this regard, in the wall 2t according to this embodiment, the right reinforcement member 70R and the left reinforcement member 70L are disposed opposite the corner 150 of the opening 14. Therefore, even if a crack occurs starting from the corner 150, the right reinforcement member 70R and the left reinforcement member 70L opposite the corner 150 can suppress the progression of the crack. As a result, it is possible to suppress the intrusion of foreign matter such as water into the interior of the wall portion 200.

[0123] [Modification 1 of the Seventh Embodiment] Next, a first modified example of the seventh embodiment will be described. Fig. 22 is a front view showing an example of a wall 2u according to the first modified example of the seventh embodiment. The wall 2u differs from the wall 2t of the seventh embodiment in that a left-side reinforcing member 70L is not provided. Hereinafter, components, members, etc. that are the same as or equivalent to those of the wall 2t described above will be given the same reference numerals, and duplicated descriptions will be omitted as appropriate, and only different portions will be described.

[0124] In this modification, the opening is formed on one side of the periphery of the wall portion, and the reinforcing material is disposed on the other side of the periphery of the wall portion, which faces the one side of the opening. Specifically, as shown in Fig. 22, the opening 14 is formed on the left periphery 36 side of the wall portion 200. In other words, the opening 14 is formed at a position where the distance to the left periphery 36 is shorter than the distance to the right periphery 38.

[0125] The right side reinforcement member 70R is disposed on the side of the right peripheral portion 38 (an example of the other side) facing the left peripheral portion 36 with respect to the opening 14. That is, the right side reinforcement member 70R is disposed on the right side of the opening 14.

[0126] In the wall 2u according to this modification, even if an external force is applied to the wall 2u due to an earthquake or the like, the external force also generates stress in the right-side reinforcement 70R, which resists the force. Since the right-side reinforcement 70R is disposed on the right peripheral edge 38 side, it is possible to prevent cracks originating from the opening 14 from progressing over a wide area, compared to when the right-side reinforcement 70R is disposed on the left peripheral edge 36 side.

[0127] [Modification 2 of the Seventh Embodiment] Next, Modification 2 of the seventh embodiment will be described. Fig. 23 is a front view showing an example of a wall 2v according to Modification 2 of the seventh embodiment. The wall 2v differs from the wall 2u of Modification 1 of the seventh embodiment in the position of the opening 14b. Hereinafter, components, members, etc. that are the same as or equivalent to those of the above-mentioned wall 2u will be given the same reference numerals, and duplicated descriptions will be omitted as appropriate, and only different portions will be described.

[0128] In this modification, the opening is formed adjacent to one side of the periphery of the wall portion, and the reinforcing member is disposed on the other side of the periphery of the wall portion, which faces the one side of the opening. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 23, the opening 14b is formed adjacent to the left periphery 36 of the periphery 30 of the wall portion 200. The right side reinforcing member 70R is disposed on the right side of the opening 14b, which faces the left periphery 36. In other words, the right side reinforcing member 70R is disposed on the right side of the opening 14b.

[0129] In the wall 2v according to this modification, even if an external force is applied to the wall 2v due to an earthquake or the like, the external force also generates stress in the right-side reinforcement member 70R, which resists the external force. Since the right-side reinforcement member 70R is disposed on the right peripheral edge portion 38 side, it is possible to prevent cracks originating from the opening 14 from progressing over a wide area.

[0130] [Modification 3 of the seventh embodiment] Next, a third modification of the seventh embodiment will be described. Fig. 24 is a front view showing an example of a wall 2w according to the third modification of the seventh embodiment. The wall 2w has a different arrangement pattern of the right reinforcing members 70R1-70R5 and the left reinforcing members 70L1-70L5 from the wall 2t of the seventh embodiment. Hereinafter, the same or equivalent components, members, etc. as those of the wall 2t described above will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and duplicated descriptions will be omitted as appropriate, and only different portions will be described.

[0131] In this modification, the opening is formed with two gaps between the opening and the side, and a plurality of reinforcing members are arranged to form a checkered pattern in each gap. The opening has at least one corner, and at least one of the reinforcing members is arranged to contact the corner. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 24, the right reinforcing members 70R1-70R5 and the left reinforcing members 70L1-70L5 are arranged to form a checkered pattern on the right and left sides of the opening 14, respectively. In this modification, the right reinforcing members 70R1-70R5 and the left reinforcing members 70L1-70L5 are arranged so that a portion of each of them contacts the corner 150 of the opening 14.

[0132] In the wall 2w according to this modification, the right-side reinforcement members 70R1-70R5 and the left-side reinforcement members 70L1-70L5 are arranged to form a checkered pattern on the right and left sides of the opening 14, respectively. Therefore, even if an external force is applied to the wall 2w due to an earthquake or the like, the external force also generates stress in the right-side reinforcement members 70R1-70R5 and the left-side reinforcement members 70L1-70L5, and the right-side reinforcement members 70R1-70R5 and the left-side reinforcement members 70L1-70L5 resist the stress. Since the right-side reinforcement members 70R1-70R5 and the left-side reinforcement members 70L1-70L5 are arranged in a checkered pattern on the right and left sides of the opening 14, it is possible to prevent cracks originating from the opening 14 from progressing over a wide area.

[0133] Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the walls 2a to 2w according to the above-mentioned embodiment, and includes all aspects included in the concept of the present invention and the scope of the claims. In addition, each configuration may be appropriately and selectively combined so as to achieve at least a part of the above-mentioned problems and effects. For example, the shape, material, arrangement, size, etc. of each component in the above-mentioned embodiment may be appropriately changed according to the specific embodiment of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0134] 2 wall, 14 opening, 20-26 first to fourth reinforcement members (reinforcement members), 30 periphery, 36 left periphery (side), 38 right periphery (side), 200 wall portion

Claims

1. A wall portion; An opening penetrating the wall portion; A reinforcing material attached to the wall portion, A wall, characterized in that the reinforcing material is arranged around the opening so as to form a gap in the width direction between the reinforcing material and a side portion of a peripheral edge of the wall portion.

2. The reinforcing material is formed in a strip shape. The wall of claim 1.

3. the opening has at least one corner; the reinforcement is disposed adjacent the opening; A portion of the reinforcement faces the corner.

3. A wall according to claim 2.

4. the stiffener is disposed at an angle to an edge of the opening that forms the corner; A wall according to claim 3.

5. The reinforcing material extends in the vertical direction on the side of the opening, A wall according to claim 3.

6. The opening is formed in a circular shape, The reinforcement is disposed adjacent to the opening and surrounds the opening.

3. A wall according to claim 2.

7. The opening is disposed adjacent a portion of a periphery of the wall portion; The reinforcing member is disposed between the reinforcing member and a portion of the periphery, with the opening being disposed therebetween.

3. A wall according to claim 2.

8. The reinforcing material is provided in plurality, The reinforcing members are arranged such that a plurality of the reinforcing members form at least one intersection. A wall according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The reinforcing material includes at least carbon fiber reinforced resin.

2. The wall of claim 1.

Images