Battery pack and vehicle including the same

Abstract

To provide a battery pack and a vehicle including the same, and achieve a technical object for a battery pack that can improve the same volume and weight contrast energy efficiency and a vehicle including the same.SOLUTION: A battery pack according to the present disclosure includes: a housing; a plurality of battery cells having a first surface and a second surface on opposite sides, including a vent and a terminal formed on the first surface, and disposed inside the housing; a guide member disposed between the housing and the first surface and guiding the flow of exhaust emitted from the vent; and a buffer member disposed between the housing and the first surface and absorbing the impact applied to the terminal.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 583,186, filed in the United States Patent and Trademark Office on September 15, 2023, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] The present disclosure relates to a battery pack and a vehicle including the same. [Background technology]

[0003] Unlike primary batteries, which cannot be recharged, secondary batteries can be charged and discharged. Low-capacity secondary batteries are used in small, portable electronic devices such as smartphones, feature phones, laptops, digital cameras, and camcorders, while large-capacity secondary batteries are widely used as motor drive power sources and power storage batteries in hybrid and electric vehicles. Such secondary batteries include an electrode assembly consisting of a positive electrode and a negative electrode, a case for housing the electrode assembly, and an electrode terminal connected to the electrode assembly.

[0004] The secondary battery may be used as a battery pack formed of a number of unit battery cells connected in series and / or parallel to provide high energy density. The battery pack may be formed by connecting electrode terminals of a number of unit batteries to each other according to the required amount of power, for example, to realize a high-power secondary battery for an electric vehicle.

[0005] The above information disclosed in this Background of the Invention section is merely intended to enhance the understanding of the background of the invention and may therefore include information that does not constitute prior art. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] An object of the present invention is to provide a battery pack and a vehicle including the same that can improve energy efficiency relative to the same volume and weight.

[0007] However, the technical problems that the present invention aims to solve are not limited to the problems mentioned above, and other problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the invention described below. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] A battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention for solving the above technical problems includes: a housing; a plurality of battery cells disposed inside the housing, the battery cells having first and second opposing sides and a vent and a terminal formed on the first side; a guide member disposed between the housing and the first side for guiding the flow of waste discharged from the vent; and a buffer member disposed between the housing and the first side for absorbing impact applied to the terminals.

[0009] The housing may include a housing body; a first cover coupled to the housing body and positioned opposite the first surface; and a second cover coupled to the housing body and positioned opposite the second surface.

[0010] The housing may further include a cooling channel disposed inside the second cover and through which a coolant flows.

[0011] The first surface may be disposed facing downward, and the first cover may be disposed below the housing body.

[0012] The guide member may include: a bus bar holder disposed between the first cover and the first surface, and having a bus bar connected to the terminal; a vent bracket disposed between the first cover and the bus bar holder; a plurality of transmission holes formed through the bus bar holder and the vent bracket; a first chamber disposed inside the vent bracket and connected to the transmission holes; and a second chamber disposed outside the vent bracket and accommodating the buffer member.

[0013] The plurality of battery cells may be arranged along a first direction, and the first chamber and the second chamber may extend along the first direction.

[0014] The first chambers and the second chambers may be arranged alternately along a second direction that intersects the first direction.

[0015] The vent bracket may include a bracket body disposed to surround the first chamber; a first extension extending from the bracket body and contacting the first cover; and a second extension extending from the first extension and contacting the housing body.

[0016] The guide member may further include a sealing member for sealing the first chamber and the transfer hole.

[0017] The sealing member may include a first sealing member disposed between the first cover and the first extension portion; a second sealing member disposed between the bus bar holder and the bracket body; and a third sealing member disposed between the bus bar holder and the first surface.

[0018] The sealing member may further include a fourth sealing member disposed within the second chamber.

[0019] The guide member may further include a fixing member connected to the vent bracket and configured to prevent the vent bracket from moving.

[0020] The fixing member may include: a first fixing body that penetrates the second extension and is inserted into the housing body; a second fixing body that is disposed inside the housing body and is coupled to the first fixing body; and a pressure flange that extends from the first fixing body and presses the second extension toward the housing body.

[0021] The guide member may further include a plurality of reinforcing members for reinforcing the rigidity of the bent bracket.

[0022] The plurality of battery cells may be arranged along a first direction, and the transmission holes and the reinforcing members may be alternately arranged along the first direction.

[0023] The reinforcing member may protrude from the bracket body and be aligned with a longitudinal direction in a second direction that intersects with the first direction.

[0024] The terminals may be provided in pairs, and the buffer member may include: a first pad disposed on one side of the vent bracket and facing one of the pair of terminals; and a second pad disposed on the other side of the vent bracket and facing the remaining one of the pair of terminals.

[0025] The first pad and the second pad may be provided to be elastically deformable.

[0026] A vehicle according to one embodiment of the present invention includes: a vehicle body; and a battery pack coupled to the vehicle body; the battery pack includes a housing; a plurality of battery cells disposed inside the housing, the battery cells having first and second opposing surfaces and a vent and a terminal formed on the first surface; a guide member disposed between the housing and the first surface, for guiding the flow of waste discharged from the vent; and a buffer member disposed between the housing and the first surface, for absorbing impacts applied to the terminals.

[0027] The battery pack may be disposed under the vehicle body, with the first surface facing downward. Effect of the Invention

[0028] According to the present invention, by integrating a venting path into the space under the battery pack for evaluating bollard performance through collision analysis, the integration density of the battery cells can be improved, thereby improving energy efficiency.

[0029] However, the effects that can be obtained through the present invention are not limited to the effects described above, and other technical effects not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the invention described below.

[0030] The following drawings attached to this specification illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention and, together with the detailed description of the invention described below, serve to further understand the technical concept of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited only to the matters described in such drawings. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0031] [Figure 1] 1 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Diagram 2] 1 is a bottom perspective view illustrating a schematic configuration of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 3] 1 is an exploded perspective view illustrating a schematic configuration of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic configuration of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 5] 1 is a perspective view illustrating a schematic configuration of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 6] 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic configuration of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a guide member according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a guide member according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9]FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a guide member according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a guide member according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] FIG. 2 is an enlarged view showing a schematic configuration of a buffer member according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] FIG. 2 is an enlarged view showing a schematic configuration of a buffer member according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 13] 4 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a fourth sealing member in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 14] 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0032] Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. Prior to this, the terms and words used in this specification and claims should not be interpreted as being limited to their ordinary or dictionary meanings, but should be interpreted as meanings and concepts that correspond to the technical ideas of the present invention, in accordance with the principle that the inventor can appropriately define the concepts of terms in order to best describe his / her invention. Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations illustrated in the drawings are only some of the most preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not represent the entire technical ideas of the present invention, and therefore there may be various equivalents and modifications that can replace them at the time of this application.

[0033] Additionally, as used herein, the words "comprise," "include," and / or "comprising," "including," specify the presence of stated features, numbers, steps, operations, members, elements, and / or groups thereof, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, operations, members, elements, and / or groups.

[0034] In addition, in order to facilitate understanding of the invention, the accompanying drawings may not be drawn to scale, and the dimensions of some components may be exaggerated. Also, the same reference numerals may be used to refer to the same components in different embodiments.

[0035] A reference to two comparative objects being "identical" means that they are "substantially identical." Thus, substantially identical may include cases where there is a deviation that is considered to be a low level in the art, for example, within 5%. Furthermore, a certain parameter being uniform in a given region may mean that it is uniform in an average sense.

[0036] Although the terms "first," "second," etc. are used to describe various elements, it should be understood that these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are used merely to distinguish one element from another element, and it should be understood that a first element may also be a second element, unless otherwise specified.

[0037] Throughout the specification, unless specifically stated to the contrary, each element may be singular or plural.

[0038] An arbitrary structure is disposed "on (or on) the "top (or bottom)" of a component or "above (or below)" a component, which may mean not only that the arbitrary structure is disposed in contact with the upper surface (or lower surface) of the component, but also that other structures may be interposed between the component and the arbitrary structure disposed on (or below) the component.

[0039] Additionally, when a component is described as being "on," "connected to," or "coupled to" another component, it should be understood that the components may be directly coupled or connected to each other, but that other components may be "intervening" between each component, or that each component may be "coupled," "coupled," or "connected" through other components.

[0040] As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Also, in describing embodiments of the present disclosure, the use of "may" refers to "one or more embodiments of the present disclosure." The use of "one or more" and "one or more" preceding a list of elements modifies the entire list of elements and not the individual elements of the list.

[0041] Throughout the specification, when "A and / or B" is used, this means A, B, or A and B, unless otherwise specified, and when "C to D" is used, this means C or more and D or less, unless otherwise specified.

[0042] When constructs such as "at least one of A, B and C," "at least one of A, B or C," "at least one selected from the group A, B and C," and "at least one selected from A, B and C" are used to specify a list of elements A, B, and C, the constructs may refer to any and all compatible combinations.

[0043] The term "use" may be considered synonymous with the term "utilize." As used herein, the terms "substantially," "about," and similar terms are used as terms of approximation rather than terms of degree and are intended to take into account inherent variations in measured or calculated values ​​that one of ordinary skill in the art would recognize.

[0044] Terms such as first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and / or sections, but these elements, components, regions, layers, and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. The terms are used to distinguish one element, component, region, drawing layer, or section from another element, component, region, drawing layer, or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, level, or section discussed below could be named a second element, component, region, level, or section without departing from the teachings of the exemplary embodiments.

[0045] Spatially relative terms such as "beneath," "below," "lower," "above," "upper," and the like may be used herein for ease of description to describe the relationship of one element or feature to other element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the drawings. Spatially relative positions may be understood to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the drawings is turned over, elements described as "below" or "below" other elements would be understood as "above" or "upper" other elements. Thus, the term "below" can encompass both an orientation of above and below.

[0046] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of the present disclosure and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

[0047] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the configuration of a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a bottom perspective view showing the configuration of a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view showing the configuration of a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] The first direction described below may be exemplified as a direction aligned with the Y-axis on the basis of FIGS. 1 to 3, and the second direction may be exemplified as a direction aligned with the X-axis.

[0049] 1 to 4, a battery pack 1 according to this embodiment includes a housing 100, a battery cell 200, a guide member 300, and a buffer member 400. As shown in FIG.

[0050] The housing 100 forms the general exterior of the battery pack 1, and can function as a structure for entirely supporting the battery cells 200, the guide members 300, and the buffer members 400, which will be described later.

[0051] The housing 100 may include a housing body 110, a first cover 120, and a second cover 130.

[0052] The housing body 110 may include a main body 111 , a first partition 112 and a second partition 113 .

[0053] The main body 111 may be formed in a box shape with an open interior and an open upper and lower sides. The cross-sectional shape of the main body 111 is not limited to the shape shown in Fig. 3, and may be modified into various shapes depending on the number and arrangement of the battery cells 200 described below.

[0054] The first partition wall 112 and the second partition wall 113 are disposed inside the main body 111 and can divide the internal space of the main body 111. That is, the first partition wall 112 and the second partition wall 113 can reinforce the structural rigidity of the main body 111 and function as a component that divides the internal space of the main body 111 in which the battery cells 200 are accommodated into a plurality of accommodation spaces. The first partition wall 112 and the second partition wall 113 can be disposed to intersect with each other. For example, the first partition wall 112 can be disposed such that the longitudinal direction of the first partition wall 112 is aligned with the first direction, and the second partition wall 113 can be disposed such that the longitudinal direction of the first partition wall 112 is aligned with the second direction.

[0055] The first partition 112 and the second partition 113 may be formed in one or more pieces. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the first partition 112 may be formed in a single piece, and the second partition 113 may be formed in a plurality of pieces. The first partition 112 may be disposed in the center of the main body 111, and the plurality of second partitions 113 may be arranged at set intervals along a direction parallel to the first direction. Although FIG. 3 illustrates an example in which the first partition 112 is formed in a single piece, the first partition 112 may be formed in a plurality of pieces, unlike this. In this case, the plurality of first partitions 112 may be arranged at set intervals along a direction parallel to the second direction. The number of the first partitions 112 and the second partitions 113 may be variously changed in design depending on the size of the main body 111, the number of battery cells 200, etc., which will be described later.

[0056] The first cover 120 and the second cover 130 are coupled to the housing body 110 and can close the internal space of the housing body 110 .

[0057] For example, the first cover 120 may be formed to have a substantially plate shape and may be disposed to face a lower surface of the housing body 110. The first cover 120 may be fixed to the housing body 110 by various types of coupling methods, such as bolting, welding, and fitting.

[0058] The second cover 130 may be formed to have a substantially plate shape and may be disposed to face an upper surface of the housing body 110. The second cover 130 may be fixed to the housing body 110 by various types of coupling methods, such as bolting, welding, and fitting.

[0059] The housing 100 may further include cooling channels 140 .

[0060] The cooling channel 140 is disposed inside the second cover 130 and may provide a flow path for a coolant supplied from the outside. The cooling channel 140 may function as a component for cooling the battery cells 200 through a heat exchange action between the coolant flowing inside the cooling channel 140 and the battery cells 200 described below. The cooling channel 140 may be extended in a zigzag shape inside the second cover 130 so that the coolant circulates over the entire area of ​​the second cover 130. The coolant flowing through the cooling channel 140 may be designed to be various types of heat exchange media such as water, insulating oil, etc.

[0061] The battery cell 200 can function as a unit structure for storing and supplying power in the battery pack 1.

[0062] FIG. 5 is a perspective view illustrating a schematic configuration of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic configuration of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0063] Referring to Figures 5 and 6, the battery cell 200 may include at least one electrode assembly 10 wound between a positive electrode 11 and a negative electrode 12 with a separator 13, which is an insulator, interposed therebetween, a case 20 in which the electrode assembly 10 is housed, and a cap assembly 30 coupled to an opening of the case 20.

[0064] In the following description, the battery cell 200 is a lithium ion secondary battery having a rectangular shape, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the battery cell 200 may be a lithium polymer battery or a cylindrical battery.

[0065] The positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 may include a coated portion, which is an area where an active material is applied to a current collector formed of a thin metal wheel, and a non-coated portion, which is an area where the active material is not coated, 11a, 12a.

[0066] The positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 may be wound up with a separator 13, which is an insulator, interposed therebetween. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the electrode assembly 10 may have a structure in which positive electrodes and negative electrodes made of a plurality of sheets are alternately stacked with a separator sandwiched between them.

[0067] The case 20 forms the overall appearance of the battery cell 200 and may be made of a conductive metal such as aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or nickel-plated steel. The case 20 may also provide a space in which the electrode assembly 10 is housed.

[0068] The cap assembly 30 may include a cap plate 31 that covers the opening of the case 20, and the case 20 and the cap plate 31 may be made of a conductive material. Here, the terminal 21 electrically connected to the positive electrode 11 or the negative electrode 12 may be installed to penetrate the cap plate 31 and protrude outward.

[0069] In addition, the terminals 21 protruding outward from the cap plate 31 may be formed in pairs. The pair of terminals 21 may be connected to the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12, respectively, and may function as the positive and negative terminals of the battery cell 200. More specifically, the terminals 21 may be electrically connected to a current collector including first and second current collectors 40, 50 (hereinafter referred to as positive and negative current collectors) joined by welding to the positive electrode uncoated portion 11a or the negative electrode uncoated portion 12a. For example, the pair of terminals 21 may be joined to the positive and negative current collectors 40, 50, respectively, by welding. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the terminals 21 and the positive and negative current collectors 40, 50 may be integrally joined to each other. The outer peripheral surface of the upper pillar of the terminal 21 may be threaded and fixed to the cap plate 31 by a nut.

[0070] However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the terminal 21 may be riveted or welded to the cap plate 31 using a rivet structure.

[0071] In addition, the cap plate 31 may be made of a thin plate and may be coupled to the opening of the case 20. The cap plate 31 may be formed with an electrolyte injection hole 32 in which a sealing plug 33 may be installed, and a vent 34 may be installed.

[0072] The vent 34 can be opened and closed in response to a change in the internal pressure of the case 20. That is, the vent 34 can be maintained in a closed state to seal the case 20 during normal operation of the electrode assembly 10. The vent 34 is opened when the internal pressure of the case 20 rises above a preset level due to overcharging or the occurrence of a fire, etc., and can discharge emissions such as flames and gas from inside the case 20 to the outside of the case 20.

[0073] Also, an insulating member may be installed between the electrode assembly 10 and the cap plate 31. Here, the insulating member may include first and second lower insulating members 60, 70, each of which may be installed between the electrode assembly 10 and the cap plate 31.

[0074] Furthermore, according to the present embodiment, one end of a separating member that can be installed to face one side of the electrode assembly 10 may be installed between the insulating member and the terminal 21 .

[0075] Here, the separating members may include first and second separating members 80,90.

[0076] Therefore, one ends of first and second separators 80 and 90 that may be installed to face one side of the electrode assembly 10 may be installed between the first and second lower insulating members 60 and 70 and the positive and negative terminals 21 and 22 .

[0077] As a result, the terminals 21 welded to the positive and negative current collectors 40,50 can be coupled to one ends of the first and second lower insulating members 60,70 and the first and second separating members 80,90.

[0078] The battery cell 200 may include a first surface 201 and a second surface 202 that are opposite to each other. Here, the first surface 201 may refer to an upper surface of the cap plate 31, and the second surface 202 may refer to a bottom surface of the case 20. Accordingly, the terminal 21 and the vent 34 may be formed on the first surface 201 of the battery cell 200.

[0079] The battery cell 200 may be disposed inside the housing 100. A first surface 201 of the battery cell 200 may be disposed to face the first cover 120 inside the housing 100. That is, the first surface 201 may be disposed to face downward, and the terminal 21 and the vent 34 formed on the first surface 201 may also be disposed to face downward.

[0080] The second surface 202 of the battery cell 200 may be disposed to face the second cover 130. That is, the second surface 202 may be disposed to face upward. The second surface 202 may be spaced apart from the second cover 130 by a predetermined distance.

[0081] A heat dissipation member 141 for improving the efficiency of heat exchange between the battery cell 200 and the refrigerant flowing through the cooling channel 140 may be installed between the second surface 202 and the second cover 130. The heat dissipation member 141 may be formed of a material having high thermal conductivity, such as a thermal glue. The heat dissipation member 141 may be applied in a liquid or gel state onto the second cover 130 or the second surface 202, and then hardened to be fixed between the second surface 202 and the second cover 130. The shape of the heat dissipation member 141 is not limited to the shapes illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, and may be variously modified in design depending on the shape of the battery cell 200 and the interval between the second surface 202 and the second cover 130, etc.

[0082] A plurality of battery cells 200 may be provided. The plurality of battery cells 200 may be disposed inside the housing 100. The plurality of battery cells 200 may be disposed in a set number and shape in different accommodation spaces of the housing 100 divided by the main body 111, the first partition wall 112, and the second partition wall 113. The plurality of battery cells 200 may be arranged along a first direction inside the housing 100. A plurality of rows of the battery cells 200 arranged along the first direction may be arranged along a second direction. For example, 24 battery cells 200 may be arranged in the first direction in each accommodation space of the housing 100, and the 24 battery cells 200 arranged in the first direction may be arranged in two rows along the second direction. However, the number and arrangement of the plurality of battery cells 200 are not limited thereto, and various numbers and arrangements may be used.

[0083] The guide member 300 may be disposed between the housing 100 and the first surface 201 of the battery cell 200. The guide member 300 may function as a component for guiding the flow of exhaust material discharged from the vent 34 in the event of an explosion or thermal runaway of the battery cell 200, inside the housing 100. Here, the exhaust material may be various substances discharged from the vent 34 in the event of an explosion or thermal runaway of the battery cell 200, such as gas, flame, smoke, and other flying objects.

[0084] FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view showing the configuration of a guide member according to one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a guide member according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 9 and 10 are cross-sectional perspective views showing the configuration of a guide member according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0085] 1 to 10, the guide member 300 may include a bus bar holder 310, a vent bracket 320, a transmission hole 330, a first chamber 340, and a second chamber 350.

[0086] The bus bar holder 310 may be disposed between the first cover 120 and the first surface 201 of the battery cell 200. The bus bar holder 310 may be formed to have a substantially plate shape and may be mounted on the first surface 201 of the battery cell 200. The bus bar holder 310 may be formed of an electrically insulating material.

[0087] A plurality of bus bar holders 310 may be provided. The plurality of bus bar holders 310 may be individually arranged in each of the accommodating spaces of the housing 100 divided by the main body 111, the first partition wall 112, and the second partition wall 113. The area of ​​the bus bar holder 310 may be smaller than the area of ​​each of the accommodating spaces and larger than the sum of the areas of the first surfaces 201 of the plurality of battery cells 200 arranged in each of the accommodating spaces.

[0088] The bus bar holder 310 may include a bus bar 311 .

[0089] The bus bar 311 may be supported by the bus bar holder 310 and electrically connected to a terminal of the battery cell 200. The bus bar 311 may be exemplified as various types of connection means that are electrically connected to the battery cell 200 and can form a charge / discharge path of the battery cell 200. The bus bar 311 may be made of an electrically conductive material such as nickel, aluminum, copper, etc. One surface of the bus bar 311 may be fixed to the terminal 21 of the battery cell 200 by welding, etc. The other surface of the bus bar 311 may be disposed to face the first cover 120.

[0090] A plurality of bus bars 311 may be provided. The plurality of bus bars 311 may be arranged at positions facing the terminals 21 of the plurality of battery cells 200. The plurality of bus bars 311 may be arranged in a plurality of rows along the first direction and the second direction. The shape and arrangement of the plurality of bus bars 311 are not limited to those shown in Figs. 3 and 7, and may be variously modified in design according to a series or parallel connection structure between the plurality of battery cells 200.

[0091] A flexible circuit board (not shown) and various sensors (not shown) capable of sensing status information such as temperature, current, and voltage of each battery cell 200 may be additionally installed on the bus bar holder 310.

[0092] The vent bracket 320 may be disposed between the first cover 120 and the bus bar holder 310. The vent bracket 320 may support the battery cells 200 and the bus bar holder 310 with respect to the first cover 120. The vent bracket 320 may space the first cover 120 and the bus bar holder 310 from each other to provide a space in which a first chamber 340 and a second chamber 350, which will be described later, may be formed between the first cover 120 and the bus bar holder 310. The thickness of the vent bracket 320 may be 0.5 mm to 3 mm.

[0093] The bent bracket 320 may include a bracket body 321 , a first extension 322 , and a second extension 323 .

[0094] The bracket body 321 may form the exterior of the center of the vent bracket 320. The bracket body 321 may be formed to have a cup shape with an open interior and an open bottom. The bracket body 321 may be disposed between the bus bar holder 310 and the first cover 120. The open side of the bracket body 321, i.e., a lower surface of the bracket body 321, may be disposed to face the first cover 120. An upper surface of the bracket body 321 may be disposed to face the bus bar holder 310. The upper surface of the bracket body 321 may be spaced apart from the bus bar holder 310, or may be in direct contact with the bus bar holder 310. The upper surface of the bracket body 321 may be disposed to face the vent 34 of the battery cell 200 across the bus bar holder 310.

[0095] The bracket body 321 may extend along a direction in which a longitudinal direction is parallel to the first direction, and accordingly, an upper surface of the bracket body 321 may be disposed to face the vents 34 of the plurality of battery cells 200 arranged along the first direction with the bus bar holder 310 interposed therebetween.

[0096] A plurality of bracket bodies 321 may be provided, and each bracket body 321 may be disposed individually for each different row of the battery cells 200 arranged along the first direction.

[0097] The first extension portion 322 may form the appearance of an edge of the bracket body 321. The first extension portion 322 may extend from a lower end portion of the bracket body 321 along a width direction of the bracket body 321, i.e., a direction parallel to the second direction. The first extension portion 322 may contact an upper surface of the first cover 120. Accordingly, the first extension portion 322 may support the bracket body 321 between the bus bar holder 310 and the first cover 120.

[0098] The second extension portion 323 may extend from the first extension portion 322 and contact the housing body 110. The second extension portion 323 may be formed to protrude from the first extension portion 322 toward the bus bar holder 310 so as to bulge upward.

[0099] A plurality of second extensions 323 may be provided. The plurality of second extensions 323 may be individually disposed at positions facing the second partition wall 113 within the entire area of ​​the first extension part 322. An upper surface of the second extension part 323 may contact a lower surface of the second partition wall 113.

[0100] The second extension 323 may be formed to be hollow as shown in FIG. 10, or alternatively, may be formed to be filled.

[0101] The transmission hole 330 may function as a component that provides a path through which the exhaust discharged from the vent 34 is transmitted to the first chamber 340 described below. The transmission hole 330 may be formed to have a shape of a hole that vertically penetrates the bus bar holder 310 and the vent bracket 320, more specifically, the bracket body 321, from top to bottom. Both upper and lower ends of the transmission hole 330 may be connected to the vent 34 of the battery cell 200 and the first chamber 340 described below, respectively. The transmission hole 330 may be disposed to face the vent 34 of the battery cell 200. The cross-sectional shape of the transmission hole 330 may be variously modified, such as a circle, a polygon, etc., in addition to the ellipse shown in FIG. 9.

[0102] A plurality of transmission holes 330 may be provided. The plurality of transmission holes 330 may be arranged at set intervals along the longitudinal direction, i.e., the first direction, of the bracket body 321. The plurality of transmission holes 330 may be disposed to face the vents 34 formed in the different battery cells 200, respectively. The interval between adjacent transmission holes 330 may be the same as the interval between the vents 34 formed in the adjacent battery cells 200.

[0103] The first chamber 340 may be disposed inside the vent bracket 320. The first chamber 340 may refer to a space surrounded by the inner surface of the vent bracket 320 among the entire space formed between the bus bar holder 310 and the first cover 120. An upper end of the first chamber 340 may be connected to a lower end of the transmission hole 330 vertically penetrating the bus bar holder 310 and the vent bracket 320. A longitudinal direction of the first chamber 340 may be arranged parallel to a longitudinal direction of the vent bracket 320. That is, the first chamber 340 may be formed to have a flow path shape whose longitudinal direction extends along the first direction. A longitudinal end of the first chamber 340 may be connected to an external space of the housing 100. Accordingly, when the battery cell 200 explodes or experiences thermal runaway, the discharged material discharged from the vent 34 may be discharged to the external space of the housing 100 via the transmission hole 330 and the first chamber 340 in sequence. The height of the first chamber 340 may be greater than or equal to 12 mm and less than or equal to 20 mm.

[0104] The second chamber 350 may be disposed outside the vent bracket 320. It may refer to the entire space formed between the bus bar holder 310 and the first cover 120, excluding the first chamber 340. The length of the second chamber 350 may be aligned with the length of the vent bracket 320. That is, the second chamber 350 may be formed to have a flow path shape whose length extends along the first direction. The second chamber 350 may accommodate the bus bar 311 connected to the terminal 21 of the battery cell 200 and the buffer member 400 described below.

[0105] The first chambers 340 and the second chambers 350 may be alternately arranged along a second direction intersecting the first direction. That is, a pair of second chambers 350 may be arranged on both sides of any one of the first chambers 340. Accordingly, the battery pack according to this embodiment may improve the volume ratio of the battery cells 200 by integrating a venting path into a space for evaluating bollard performance through a crash analysis.

[0106] The guide member 300 may further include a sealing member 360 .

[0107] The sealing member 360 may function as a component for sealing the first chamber 340 and the transfer hole 330 so that the waste discharged from the vent 34 is prevented from flowing out from the first chamber 340 and the transfer hole 330 .

[0108] The sealing member 360 may include a first sealing member 361 , a second sealing member 362 , and a third sealing member 363 .

[0109] The first sealing member 361 is disposed between the first cover 120 and the first extension 322, and can seal the gap between the first cover 120 and the first extension 322. The first sealing member 361 is formed to have an approximately strip shape, and the upper and lower surfaces can contact the lower surface of the first extension 322 and the upper surface of the first cover 120, respectively. The first sealing member 361 can be a glue or adhesive that is applied between the first cover 120 and the first extension 322 in a liquid or gel state and then hardened. Alternatively, the first sealing member 361 can be formed of an elastically deformable material such as rubber or silicone. Accordingly, the upper and lower surfaces of the first sealing member 361 can be tightly attached to the first cover 120 and the first extension 322 by an independent elastic restoring force. The specific shape of the first sealing member 361 is not limited to the shape shown in FIG. 7, and can be modified into various shapes that can seal the gap between the first cover 120 and the first extension 322.

[0110] The second sealing member 362 is disposed between the bus bar holder 310 and the bracket body 321 to seal the gap between the bus bar holder 310 and the bracket body 321. The second sealing member 362 is formed in an approximately strip shape, and its upper and lower surfaces may contact the lower surface of the bus bar holder 310 and the upper surface of the bracket body 321, respectively. A pair of second sealing members 362 may be disposed for any one bracket body 321. The pair of second sealing members 362 may be disposed to face each other with the transmission hole 330 in between.

[0111] The second sealing member 362 may be a glue or adhesive that is applied in a liquid or gel state between the bus bar holder 310 and the bracket body 321 and then hardened. Alternatively, the second sealing member 362 may be made of an elastically deformable material such as rubber or silicone. Accordingly, the upper and lower surfaces of the second sealing member 362 may be tightly attached to the bus bar holder 310 and the bracket body 321 due to its own elastic restoring force. The specific shape of the second sealing member 362 is not limited to the shape shown in FIG. 7, and the design may be modified to various shapes that can seal the gap between the bus bar holder 310 and the bracket body 321.

[0112] The third sealing member 363 is disposed between the bus bar holder 310 and the first surface 201 of the battery cell 200 to seal the gap between the bus bar holder 310 and the first surface 201. The third sealing member 363 is formed to have an approximately strip shape, and upper and lower surfaces may contact the first surface 201 and an upper surface of the bus bar holder 310, respectively. A pair of third sealing members 363 may be disposed for any one bracket body 321. The pair of third sealing members 363 may be disposed to face each other with the transmission hole 330 in between.

[0113] The third sealing member 363 may be a glue or adhesive that is applied in a liquid or gel state between the bus bar holder 310 and the first surface 201 of the battery cell 200 and then hardened. Alternatively, the third sealing member 363 may be made of an elastically deformable material such as rubber or silicone. Accordingly, the upper and lower surfaces of the third sealing member 363 may be tightly attached to the bus bar holder 310 and the first surface 201 due to its own elastic restoring force. The specific shape of the third sealing member 363 is not limited to the shape shown in FIG. 7, and the design may be modified into various shapes that can seal the gap between the bus bar holder 310 and the first surface 201.

[0114] The guide member 300 may further include a fixing member 370 .

[0115] The fixing member 370 is connected to the vent bracket 320 and can prevent the vent bracket 320 from moving between the bus bar holder 310 and the first cover 120. Accordingly, the fixing member 370 can prevent the sealing performance of the sealing member 360 that seals the transmission hole 330 and the first chamber 340 from being reduced due to the movement of the vent bracket 320.

[0116] The fixed member 370 may include a first fixed body 371 , a second fixed body 372 , and a pressure flange 373 .

[0117] The first fixed body 371 may be formed in a rod shape vertically penetrating the second extension portion 323 in the up-down direction. An upper end portion of the second extension portion 323 may penetrate the second extension portion 323 and be inserted into the housing body 110, more specifically, into the second partition wall 113. A screw thread may be formed on an outer circumferential surface of the first fixed body 371.

[0118] The second fixed body 372 is coupled to the first fixed body 371 and can prevent the first fixed body 371 from coming off the second extension 323. The second fixed body 372 can be disposed inside the housing body 110, more specifically, the second partition 113. The second fixed body 372 can be formed to have a hollow ring shape with a screw thread formed on the inner circumferential surface. The inner surface of the second fixed body 372 can be screw-coupled to the outer surface of the first fixed body 371. The second fixed body 372 can be completely coupled to the first fixed body 371, so that the lower surface of the second fixed body 372 can come into contact with the inner surface of the second partition 113. Accordingly, when the second fixed body 372 is completely coupled to the first fixed body 371, the contact force with the second partition 113 can prevent the first fixed body 371 from coming off the second partition 113 and the second extension 323.

[0119] The pressure flange 373 extends from the first fixed body 371 and can press the second extension part 323 towards the housing body 110 in conjunction with the coupling of the first fixed body 371 and the second fixed body 372. The pressure flange 373 can have a disk shape extending from a lower end of the first fixed body 371 in a radial direction of the first fixed body 371. The upper end of the first fixed body 371 is inserted into the second partition wall 113, so that the upper surface of the pressure flange 373 can contact the outer surface of the second extension part 323. When the second fixed body 372 is completely coupled to the first fixed body 371, the pressure flange 373 can press the second extension part 323 towards the housing body 110 by a reaction force generated by the contact between the second fixed body 372 and the second partition wall 113.

[0120] The guide member 300 may further include a reinforcing member 380 .

[0121] The reinforcing member 380 may be provided in the vent bracket 320 to reinforce the rigidity of the vent bracket 320. That is, the reinforcing member 380 may function as a component that prevents the vent bracket 320 from being deformed due to the pressure of the waste discharged from the vent 34 by enhancing the independent rigidity of the vent bracket 320.

[0122] As an example, the reinforcing member 380 may have the form of a rib protruding from the upper side of the bracket body 321 toward the first chamber 340. The reinforcing member 380 may be disposed such that its longitudinal direction is aligned with the width direction of the bracket body 321, i.e., the second direction. A plurality of reinforcing members 380 may be provided. The plurality of reinforcing members 380 may be arranged at set intervals along the longitudinal direction of the bracket body 321, i.e., the first direction. In this case, the plurality of transmission holes 330 and the plurality of reinforcing members 380 may be alternately disposed along the longitudinal direction of the bracket body 321, i.e., the first direction.

[0123] The buffer member 400 may be disposed between the housing 100 and the first surface 201 of the battery cell 200. The buffer member 400 is disposed to face the terminal 21 of the battery cell 200 and can absorb an impact applied to the terminal 21. That is, the buffer member 400 can function as a component that prevents damage to the battery cell 200, the terminal 21, the bus bar 311, etc., caused by an impact applied from outside the housing 100.

[0124] 11 and 12 are enlarged views each showing a schematic configuration of a buffer member according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0125] 1 to 12, the cushioning member 400 may include a first pad 410 and a second pad 420.

[0126] The first pad 410 and the second pad 420 may be disposed between the bus bar holder 310 and the first cover 120, more specifically, inside the second chamber 350. The first pad 410 and the second pad 420 may be disposed on either side of the vent bracket 320, with the vent bracket 320 in between.

[0127] The first pad 410 may be disposed to face one of the pair of terminals 21 of the battery cell 200. As an example, the first pad 410 may be disposed to face the terminal 21 adjacent to the first bulkhead 112 or the main body 111 of the pair of terminals 21 of the battery cell 200. The first pad 410 may be disposed to face the terminal 21 across the bus bar 311. A lower surface of the first pad 410 may contact an upper surface of the first cover 120. An upper surface of the first pad 410 may be spaced apart from the bus bar 311, or may be in direct contact with the bus bar 311. The first pad 410 may be formed of an elastically deformable material. Accordingly, the first pad 410 may be elastically deformed by an impact applied from the outside, and may absorb the impact transmitted to the bus bar 311 and the terminal 21.

[0128] The first pad 410 may be made of an insulating material. Accordingly, the first pad 410 may prevent safety accidents caused by short circuits by electrically insulating the bus bar 311 and the terminal 21 from the first cover 120. For example, the first pad 410 may include at least one of silicone, rubber, and other synthetic resin materials that are elastically deformable and have insulating properties.

[0129] The first pad 410 may include a first protrusion 411. The first protrusion 411 may protrude upward from an upper side of the first pad 410 and may contact a lower side of the bus bar holder 310. In this case, the first pad 410 may be disposed to entirely surround the bus bar 311 protruding downward from the bus bar holder 310. Accordingly, the first pad 410 may be prevented from changing its relative position with respect to the bus bar 311 when an impact is applied from the outside.

[0130] The second pad 420 may be disposed to face the remaining terminal 21 of the pair of terminals 21 of the battery cell 200. As an example, the second pad 420 may be disposed to face the terminal 21 adjacent to the battery cell 200 adjacent in the second direction of the pair of terminals 21 of the battery cell 200. The second pad 420 may be disposed to face the terminal 21 across the bus bar 311. A lower surface of the second pad 420 may contact an upper surface of the first cover 120. An upper surface of the second pad 420 may be spaced apart from the bus bar 311, and may also be in direct contact with the bus bar 311. The second pad 420 may be formed of an elastically deformable material such as rubber or silicone. Accordingly, the second pad 420 may be elastically deformed by an impact applied from the outside, and may absorb the impact transmitted to the bus bar 311 and the terminal 21.

[0131] The second pad 420 may be formed of an insulating material. Accordingly, the second pad 420 may prevent safety accidents caused by short circuits by electrically insulating the bus bar 311 and the terminal 21 from the first cover 120. As an example, the second pad 420 may include at least one of silicone, rubber, and other synthetic resin materials that are elastically deformable and have insulating properties.

[0132] The length of the second pad 420 aligned in the second direction may be greater than the length of the first pad 410 aligned in the second direction. Accordingly, the second pads 420 may be formed on each of a pair of battery cells 200 adjacent to each other in the second direction and disposed to face a pair of terminals 21 disposed adjacent to each other.

[0133] The second pad 420 may include a second protrusion 421. The second protrusion 421 may protrude upward from an upper side of the second pad 420 and may contact a lower side of the bus bar holder 310. In this case, the second pad 420 may be disposed to entirely surround the bus bar 311 protruding downward from the bus bar holder 310. Accordingly, the second pad 420 may be prevented from changing its relative position with respect to the bus bar 311 when an impact is applied from the outside.

[0134] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a fourth sealing member according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0135] With reference to FIG. 13, the sealing member 360 may further include a fourth sealing member 364 .

[0136] The fourth sealing member 364 may be disposed inside the second chamber 350. The fourth sealing member 364 may function as a component that blocks the diffusion of waste matter that has flowed out from the first chamber 340 or the transfer hole 330 to the second chamber 350 inside the second chamber 350. Accordingly, the fourth sealing member 364 may preliminarily ensure sealing performance for the first chamber 340 or the transfer hole 330 even if the first sealing member 361, the second sealing member 362, and the third sealing member 363 are damaged or removed from their fixed positions due to an external impact, a pressure increase caused by thermal runaway of the battery cell 200, or the like.

[0137] The fourth sealing member 364 may include a material having excellent sealing performance, insulation property, and heat resistance, such as at least one of silicon, rubber, epoxy, polyurethane, and aerogel.

[0138] The fourth sealing member 364 may be injected into the second chamber 350 in a liquid or gel state and then hardened. Alternatively, the fourth sealing member 364 may be manufactured in a solid state and then inserted into the second chamber 350. The fourth sealing member 364 may be fixed to the surfaces of the first cover 120, the vent bracket 320, the first pad 410, and the second pad 420 that face the internal space of the second chamber 350. The fourth sealing member 364 may be fixed to the surfaces of the first cover 120, the vent bracket 320, the first pad 410, and the second pad 420 by its own adhesive force, and may be pressed onto the surfaces of the first cover 120, the vent bracket 320, the first pad 410, and the second pad 420. Accordingly, the fourth sealing member 364 may seal the internal space of the second chamber 350 without any gaps.

[0139] A vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below.

[0140] FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0141] Referring to FIGS. 1 to 14, a vehicle may include a battery pack 1 and a vehicle body 2.

[0142] The battery pack 1 has the same configuration as the battery pack 1 described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 13, and therefore a duplicated description thereof will be omitted.

[0143] The vehicle body 2 forms a framework of the vehicle and supports the battery pack 1. The vehicle body 2 may be exemplified by a frame body, a monocoque body, a skateboard platform, etc. that are commonly applied to vehicles. A plurality of wheels that rotate by receiving driving force from a motor, an engine, etc. may be connected to the vehicle body 2.

[0144] The battery pack 1 may be disposed under the vehicle body 2. For example, the battery pack 1 may be coupled to a floor panel of the vehicle body 2, or the like.

[0145] In this case, the first cover 120 of the housing 100 may be disposed facing downward, and the first surface 201 of the battery cell 200 may also be disposed facing downward. Accordingly, the vehicle according to this embodiment may improve the integration degree of the battery cell 200 and improve energy efficiency by integrating a venting path into the lower space of the battery pack 1 for evaluating bollard performance through a collision analysis.

[0146] The above-mentioned vehicle may be modified in various ways within the scope of the means of transportation to which the battery pack 1 is attached, such as an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, an electric bike, or other electric mobility.

[0147] Although the present invention has been described above using limited examples and drawings, it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited thereto, and various modifications and variations can be made by those having ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains within the technical spirit of the present invention and the equivalent scope of the claims described below. [Explanation of symbols]

[0148] 1 Battery Pack 2. Body 10 Electrode assembly 11 Positive electrode 11a Plain area 11a Positive electrode uncoated area 12 Negative electrode 12a Negative electrode uncoated area 12a Plain area 13 Separator 20 cases 21 Positive terminal 22 Negative terminal 30 Cap Assembly 31 Cap plate 32 Electrolyte inlet 33 Sealing stopper 34 Vent 40 Negative electrode current collector, first current collector 50 Negative electrode current collector, second current collector 60 First lower insulating member 70 Second lower insulating member 80 First separation member 90 Second separation member 100 Housing 110 Housing body 111 Main Body 112 1st bulkhead 113 Second bulkhead 120 First Cover 130 Second Cover 140 Cooling Channel 141 Heat dissipation materials 200 Battery Cells 201 Page 1 202 2nd page 300 Guide member 310 Busbar holder 311 Busbar 320 Vent bracket 321 Bracket body 322 1st extension 323 Second extension 330 Transmission Hall 340 First Chamber 350 Second Chamber 360 Sealing material 361 First sealing member 362 Second sealing member 363 Third sealing member 364 Fourth sealing member 370 Fixing member 371 First Fixed Body 372 Second Fixed Body 373 Pressure Flange 380 Reinforcement members 400 Cushioning material 410 1st Pad 411 1st protrusion 420 2nd Pad 421 Second protrusion

Claims

1. housing; a plurality of battery cells disposed within the housing, the battery cells having opposed first and second sides and a vent and a terminal formed in the first side; a guide member disposed between the housing and the first surface to guide the flow of waste material discharged from the vent; and a buffer member disposed between the housing and the first surface, the buffer member absorbing an impact applied to the terminals.

2. The housing includes: Housing body; A first cover coupled to the housing body and disposed opposite the first surface; and The battery pack according to claim 1 , further comprising: a second cover coupled to the housing body and disposed opposite the second surface.

3. The battery pack according to claim 2 , wherein the housing further comprises: a cooling channel disposed inside the second cover and through which a coolant flows.

4. The battery pack according to claim 2 , wherein the first surface is disposed facing downward, and the first cover is disposed below the housing body.

5. The guide member is a bus bar holder disposed between the first cover and the first surface, the bus bar holder including a bus bar connected to the terminal; a vent bracket disposed between the first cover and the bus bar holder; a plurality of transmission holes formed through the bus bar holder and the bent bracket; a first chamber disposed inside the vent bracket and connected to the transmission hole; and 3. The battery pack according to claim 2, further comprising: a second chamber disposed outside the vent bracket and accommodating the buffer member.

6. The battery cells are arranged along a first direction, The battery pack according to claim 5 , wherein the first chamber and the second chamber extend along the first direction.

7. The battery pack according to claim 6, wherein the first chambers and the second chambers are alternately arranged along a second direction intersecting the first direction.

8. The vent bracket is a bracket body disposed to surround the first chamber; a first extension extending from the bracket body and contacting the first cover; and 6. The battery pack according to claim 5, further comprising: a second extension extending from the first extension and contacting the housing body.

9. The battery pack according to claim 8 , wherein the guide member further comprises: a sealing member that seals the first chamber and the transfer hole.

10. The sealing member is a first sealing member disposed between the first cover and the first extension; a second sealing member disposed between the bus bar holder and the bracket body; and The battery pack according to claim 9 , further comprising: a third sealing member disposed between the bus bar holder and the first surface.

11. The battery pack of claim 10, wherein the sealing member further comprises: a fourth sealing member disposed inside the second chamber.

12. The battery pack according to claim 8 , wherein the guide member further comprises: a fixing member connected to the vent bracket and preventing the vent bracket from moving.

13. The fixing member is a first fixed body that passes through the second extension and is inserted into the housing body; a second fixed body disposed inside the housing body and coupled to the first fixed body; 13. The battery pack according to claim 12, further comprising: a pressure flange extending from the first fixed body and pressing the second extension toward the housing body.

14. The battery pack according to claim 8 , wherein the guide member further comprises a plurality of reinforcing members for reinforcing the rigidity of the vent bracket.

15. The battery cells are arranged along a first direction, The battery pack of claim 14, wherein the transmission holes and the reinforcing members are alternately arranged along the first direction.

16. The battery pack according to claim 15, wherein the reinforcing member protrudes from the bracket body and is arranged such that a longitudinal direction of the reinforcing member is aligned with a second direction intersecting the first direction.

17. The terminals are provided in pairs, The buffer member is a first pad disposed on one side of the bent bracket and facing one of the pair of terminals; and The battery pack according to any one of claims 5 to 16, further comprising: a second pad disposed on the other side of the bent bracket and facing the remaining one of the pair of terminals.

18. The battery pack according to claim 17, wherein the first pad and the second pad are provided to be elastically deformable.

19. Vehicle body; and a battery pack coupled to the vehicle body; The battery pack includes: housing; a plurality of battery cells disposed within the housing, the battery cells having opposed first and second sides and a vent and a terminal formed in the first side; a guide member disposed between the housing and the first surface to guide the flow of waste material discharged from the vent; and a shock absorbing member disposed between the housing and the first surface, the shock absorbing member absorbing a shock applied to the terminal.

20. The vehicle according to claim 19, wherein the battery pack is disposed under the vehicle body, and the first surface is disposed facing downward.

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