Vibration control bearing

Abstract

To provide a vibration control bearing that is environmentally friendly, has high damping effect, maintains the function, suppresses rise of temperature, and has preferable vibration absorption effect.SOLUTION: A vibration control bearing includes: at least a main column 10 having a columnar body constituted of a zinc metal or a zinc alloy; two support plates 20 respectively disposed at both ends of the vibration control bearing; and a plurality of first material layers 30 and a plurality of second material layers 40 which are alternately installed between the two support plates respectively and to which the at least one main column is fitted so as to surround the at least one main column.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an anti-vibration bearing, and in particular to an anti-vibration bearing that is mounted on large structures such as buildings and bridges, as well as on machinery and equipment, to absorb earthquake and environmental vibration energy, which recrystallizes at room temperature after an earthquake to avoid strain hardening and maintain its functionality, and which has a high specific heat to prevent an increase in the temperature of structures due to the earthquake process, while also avoiding a weakening of the structural strength, and thus exhibits a high vibration absorption effect. [Background technology]

[0002] Currently, large objects such as buildings, bridges, and equipment are often equipped with bearings that have vibration absorption and vibration suppression functions to absorb energy and vibration during earthquakes. For example, U.S. Patent No. 5,655,756 (hereinafter referred to as the reference design) discloses a conventional bearing structure (Lead Rubber Bearing, LRB). The bearing of the reference design has a main column, and support plates are installed at both ends of the main column, and the support plates are fixed to a floor or a large object, and a plurality of metal layers and rubber layers are provided between the two support plates, which are cross-placed with each other. According to this configuration, during an earthquake, the main column, which is made of the cross-placed rubber layers, metal layers, and lead, deforms to obtain a vibration absorption effect, thereby reducing damage caused by the earthquake.

[0003] However, in the reference bearing structure, the main pillar is made of lead, and although the main pillar made of lead can absorb the energy of an earthquake by bending and deforming, lead is a toxic heavy metal with a melting point of about 327°C, which has a serious adverse effect on the environment. In addition, during an earthquake, the lead main pillar easily generates high heat due to repeated bending and deformation, and since lead has a low specific heat, the temperature of the main pillar of the conventional bearing can easily rise to 300°C or more due to the heat generated when absorbing the energy of an earthquake. This affects the function of the main pillar and the rubber layer, leading to their melting, which affects the function of the conventional bearing, reducing the energy absorption efficiency and even leading to the breakage of the bearing, which results in damage to the structure of the bearing and a decrease in the support strength. Even if the temperature of the bearing does not reach the melting point of lead during use, the high temperature softens the materials in the bearing (including lead and rubber), significantly reducing the structural strength of the bearing, causing a large displacement of the conventional bearing and a decrease in the support capacity and vibration absorption effect of the bearing.

[0004] Furthermore, current academic research has used tin as the main pole construction material, which has at least the following drawbacks and problems: 1. Tin is less toxic than lead (neurotoxic), but it is still toxic and has an impact on the environment. Secondly, the melting point of tin is about 232°C, which is much lower than that of lead, so it can damage the main pillars during an earthquake. Also, since it melts easily, it can have a negative effect on the overall function of conventional bearings, reducing their absorption efficiency, and even damage the structure of conventional bearings, thereby adversely affecting their support strength. 3: When the temperature of tin drops below 13.2°C, it changes from the β-form to the α-form of gray tin and turns into powder, causing irreversible destruction and losing its function. 4. The earth's tin content is low and is estimated to be depleted within approximately 20 to 40 years, making tin very expensive and difficult to obtain. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] U.S. Pat. No. 5,655,756 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] Considering the problems and shortcomings of the conventional bearings, the use of lead bearings has been gradually banned or avoided. In addition, in order to solve problems such as energy absorption and environmental protection, other vibration absorbing materials and energy absorbing mechanisms have been studied around the world. One of the solutions is to remove the lead main pillar, but the vibration absorption effect becomes insufficient and the bearing displacement becomes too large, so it is necessary to use it in combination with other dampers such as hydraulic dampers. Therefore, not only is the cost high, but there is also a problem in use because it is necessary to secure space to accommodate the bearing and the damper. Furthermore, tin bearings also have the above-mentioned shortcomings and problems in use, so there is room for improvement in conventional bearings. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT EMBODIMENT In view of the structure, use and insufficient effectiveness of conventional bearings, the present invention aims to provide an anti-vibration bearing which overcomes the conventional drawbacks through extensive research and experimentation.

[0008] The main object of the present invention is to provide an anti-vibration bearing having a main post made of a tough material having a shear strain capacity of at least 50% which is formed by metal processing of zinc metal or zinc alloy, and vibration effect can be achieved by deformation of the main post and deformation of the first material layer and the second material layer, and the non-lead main post can prevent the main post from losing its function due to high heat and high temperature caused by repeated bending deformation, or from melting the main post and causing serious adverse effects on the environment, thereby providing an anti-vibration bearing which is environmentally friendly, has good damping effect, maintains its function, suppresses temperature rise, and has a suitable vibration absorption effect.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention comprises: At least one main column, the column being made of a material of zinc metal or a zinc alloy, and the material is metal processed to have a shear strain capacity of at least 50%; Two support plates spaced apart from each other and disposed at both ends of the anti-vibration bearing; The at least one main pole is fitted into a plurality of first material layers and a plurality of second material layers, which are alternately installed between the two support plates and surround the at least one main pole. Effect of the Invention

[0010] According to the above technical means, the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention has at least the following advantages. First: Vibration absorption effect: When using the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention, the two support plates are attached to the ground and the object, respectively, and during an earthquake, the main column, the first material layer, and the second material layer are deformed to provide a vibration absorption effect that prevents the vibration and energy of earthquakes and the environment from being directly transmitted to large objects such as buildings, bridges, and equipment, and the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention provides a sufficient damping effect without the need for other dampers such as hydraulic dampers. Therefore, it is economical because the required costs can be significantly reduced, and it is highly practical because it does not require additional space to accommodate other dampers. Second: Environmental protection: The main pole of the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention is made of zinc metal or zinc alloy, zinc is an environmentally friendly and biodegradable material, and is also an essential component for maintaining the normal function of the human body. Therefore, even if the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention reaches the end of its service life and needs to be dismantled, it will not cause environmental pollution and is in line with environmental protection laws. Third: Improved damping effect: The main pillar of the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention is made of the zinc metal or zinc alloy. The zinc has high yield stress, high bearing capacity, and large damping effect. Therefore, the main pillar made of zinc metal or zinc alloy not only saves materials, but also reduces the displacement of the anti-vibration bearing, greatly improves the damping effect, and enhances the earthquake resistance effect. It is also economical, so that it can greatly improve the engineering application and economic effect. 4. Maintaining overall function: The main pole of the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention is made of zinc metal or zinc alloy, and the melting point of zinc is 420℃, which is higher than the melting point of lead (327℃), so even if the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention absorbs vibration energy during an earthquake, the temperature rise does not reach the melting point of zinc. Therefore, the function of the main pole of the present invention does not decrease during an earthquake, and the overall function of the main pole and the anti-vibration bearing can be maintained. 5. Suppression of temperature rise: The main pillar of the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention is made of zinc metal or zinc alloy, which has a high specific heat and thermal conductivity. Therefore, during an earthquake, after absorbing the vibration energy of the earthquake, the temperature does not rise easily, and the function of the main pillar to absorb vibration energy is not affected. 6. Recrystallization at low temperature: Zinc recrystallizes at minus 12 degrees Celsius, and the energy absorption properties change. The main pole of the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention uses zinc metal or zinc alloy in a mass percent, which allows a lower recrystallization temperature and improves toughness. In particular, a zinc alloy with a zinc content of 60% to 90% by mass and an aluminum content of 40% to 10% by mass has good toughness, and since the main pole recrystallizes at a low temperature, there is almost no damage due to low cycle fatigue after absorbing earthquake energy. Furthermore, the properties change from a brittle material with poor mechanical properties (elongation strain, less than 10%) to a tough material with very good mechanical properties, so that the basic requirements for earthquake energy absorption can be met. Seven: Improved toughness and strength: The main pillar of the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention is made of zinc metal or zinc alloy, and the material constituting the main pillar is subjected to a metal processing method including annealing, extrusion, ECAP, large-scale plastic deformation processing, hydrostatic extrusion, rolling, die casting, thermomechanical processing, spark plasma sintering, sintering, argon plasma processing, spinning forming, axial forming, shear forming, flow forming, forging, high-pressure torsion processing, or tempering, etc., so that the main pillar changes from a brittle material with poor mechanical properties (elongation strain less than 10%) to a tough material with good mechanical properties with a shear strain capacity of at least 50%. Furthermore, the metal processing method can use pressure, shear force, torsion force, bending moment, tension force, or a combination of the above forces. Through metal processing, zinc metal or zinc alloy can be subjected to at least one same / different degree of strains at various (same or different) temperatures and processing steps for the same / different time intervals to enhance its toughness and energy absorption function, which can provide better strength, improve deformation and energy absorption functions, and improve the vibration energy absorption function of anti-vibration bearings during earthquakes. 8. Improved stability: Since the strength of zinc is greater than that of lead or tin, if the strength of the main pole is the same, the diameter required to manufacture a zinc main pole is smaller than that of a lead main pole or a tin main pole. Therefore, the opening of the receiving hole of the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention can be made smaller, which effectively improves the structural stability of the entire anti-vibration bearing. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1] 1 is a perspective cross-sectional view of a first preferred embodiment of an anti-vibration bearing according to the present invention; FIG. [Diagram 2] 1 is a side cross-sectional view of a first preferred embodiment of an anti-vibration bearing according to the present invention; [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a plan sectional view of the longitudinal section along line 3-3 in FIG. 2 of the first preferred embodiment of the anti-vibration bearing according to the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a plan sectional view of a second preferred embodiment of an anti-vibration bearing according to the present invention; [Diagram 5] FIG. 13 is a perspective sectional view of a third preferred embodiment of an anti-vibration bearing according to the present invention; [Figure 6] FIG. 13 is a side cross-sectional view of a third preferred embodiment of an anti-vibration bearing according to the present invention. [Figure 7] FIG. 13 is a side sectional view of a fourth preferred embodiment of an anti-vibration bearing according to the present invention. [Figure 8] FIG. 13 is a side sectional view of a fifth preferred embodiment of an anti-vibration bearing according to the present invention. [Figure 9] FIG. 13 is a side sectional view of a sixth preferred embodiment of an anti-vibration bearing according to the present invention. [Figure 10] FIG. 13 is a side sectional view of a seventh preferred embodiment of an anti-vibration bearing according to the present invention. [Figure 11] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the appearance of a test specimen of the anti-vibration bearing according to the present invention. [Figure 12] FIG. 2 is an external side view of a test specimen of an anti-vibration bearing according to the present invention. [Figure 13] FIG. 2 is an external plan view of a test specimen of the anti-vibration bearing according to the present invention. [Figure 14] 14 is a cross-sectional side view of a test specimen of an anti-vibration bearing according to the present invention taken along the longitudinal section line 14-14 in FIG. 12. [Figure 15] FIG. 2 is a response relationship diagram of the hysteresis loop when the horizontal (or lateral) relative displacement of the anti-vibration bearing according to the present invention is 33 millimeters (mm). [Figure 16] FIG. 2 is a response relationship diagram of the hysteresis loop when the horizontal (or lateral) relative displacement of the anti-vibration bearing according to the present invention is 49.5 millimeters (mm). [Figure 17] FIG. 2 is a response relationship diagram of the hysteresis loop when the horizontal (or lateral) relative displacement of the anti-vibration bearing according to the present invention is 66 millimeters (mm). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0012] In order to understand the technical features and practical effects of the present invention, and to realize the present invention in accordance with the contents of the specification, the present invention will be described in detail below based on the preferred embodiments shown in the specification and drawings.

[0013] The present invention is an anti-vibration bearing that is attached to an object such as a building, a bridge, a facility, or equipment. Referring to a first preferred embodiment shown in Figs. 1 to 3, the anti-vibration bearing according to the present invention comprises a main pole 10, two support plates 20, a plurality of first material layers 30, and a plurality of second material layers 40, the cross section of the main pole 10 includes a circular, square, or other geometric shape, and the main pole 10 is a columnar body made of a tough material having a shear strain capacity of at least 50% that is made by metal processing zinc metal or zinc alloy.

[0014] Zinc is an environmentally friendly and biodegradable material, and is also an essential component for maintaining the normal function of the human body. The purity of zinc metal is 99% or more, defined in terms of mass percent. For example, a purity of 99.9% zinc metal means that the zinc content is 99.9% of the total mass (100%) of the zinc metal, and the remainder is impurities in the zinc metal. Furthermore, zinc metal with a purity of 99% to 99.5% can improve the vibration energy absorption capacity in metal processing with fewer processing steps and longer processing time. On the other hand, zinc metal with a purity of 99.5% to 99.9% can increase the vibration energy absorption capacity in metal processing in a more economical manner with less zinc material. Zinc metal with a purity of 99.9% to 99.98% can improve the vibration energy absorption capacity in a more economical manner with less zinc material, and can avoid damage due to low cycle fatigue. Zinc metal with a purity of 99.98% to 99.995% can increase toughness and strength by shortening the processing time in metal processing, and can recrystallize at room temperature to improve vibration energy absorption capacity, avoid damage due to low cycle fatigue, and extend the service life. Zinc metal with a purity of 99.995% to 100% has high toughness itself, and can increase strength and toughness by shortening the metal processing period, improve the deformation capacity of the bearing, lower the recrystallization temperature of the main column 10, improve the vibration energy absorption capacity, and avoid damage due to low cycle fatigue. In this way, zinc metal can be restored to like-new condition by recrystallization at low temperature after an earthquake, so it has the excellent effect of enabling continuous and long-term use.

[0015] Furthermore, the zinc content in the zinc alloy is 50 mass% or more and 99 mass% or less with respect to the total mass of the zinc alloy (i.e., 50 mass%≦zinc content≦99 mass%). In some embodiments, the zinc alloy may include zinc and a first component, and the first component may include, but is not limited to, aluminum, copper, lithium, iron, magnesium, manganese, calcium, zirconium, bismuth, chromium, titanium, germanium, strontium, lead, silver, or a combination thereof. In this way, if the weight ratio of zinc in the main column 10 is reduced, its toughness can be increased. Furthermore, preferably, the zinc alloy includes zinc and aluminum, and the zinc content is 60 mass% to 90 mass% and the aluminum content is 10 mass% to 40 mass% with respect to the total mass of the zinc alloy. The adoption of the above-mentioned zinc alloy can increase the toughness and malleability of the main column 10. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the zinc content is 90% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the zinc alloy, and the zinc alloy that satisfies the above zinc content can increase the production of the main pole 10 and meet the basic needs of the construction in a more economical way. In other embodiments, the zinc content is 95% by mass or more and 99% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the zinc alloy, and the zinc alloy that satisfies the above zinc content requires more processing steps and longer processing time in metal processing to improve toughness and ductility. Therefore, since the purity of the mass ratio of the zinc material of the main pole 10 of the present invention is 60% by mass or more and 100% by mass, the lower recrystallization temperature of the zinc metal or zinc alloy improves toughness and ductility, enhances the vibration energy absorption capacity, and avoids damage due to low cycle fatigue, allowing continuous and long-term use.

[0016] The two support plates 20 are disposed at both ends of the anti-vibration bearing, and are arranged parallel to each other with a gap therebetween. The shape of the two support plates 20 may be circular, rectangular, or other geometric shapes. The two support plates 20 are connected to the ground, large objects such as buildings, bridges, and machines, and small objects such as equipment, and a pair of receiving holes 21 for receiving the ends of the main poles 10 are formed in the center of each of the two support plates 20. The two support plates 20 can be connected to structures, equipment, foundations, abutments, or floors by a fastening method such as bolts, welding, or rivets, but are not limited thereto. In addition, in FIG. 1, each of the two support plates 20 has a plurality of bolt holes 60 arranged in a circular shape with a gap therebetween on the support plate 20.

[0017] The first material layer 30 and the second material layer 40 are alternately installed between the two support plates 20, and the main pole 10 is fitted so as to surround the main pole 10. The first material layer 30 and the second material layer 40 may be a sheet body having a circular, rectangular or other geometric shape corresponding to the shape of the two support plates 20, but may have a shape different from that of the two support plates 20. For example, when each of the support plates 20 is rectangular, the first material layer 30 and the second material layer 40 may be circular. In addition, each of the first material layers 30 and each of the second material layers 40 are made of different flexible materials. For example, each of the first material layers 30 is made of rubber, metal, carbon fiber, or a composite material, and each of the second material layers 40 is made of metal, rubber, carbon fiber, or a composite material. Furthermore, the main column 10 penetrates two support plates 20, a plurality of first material layers 30, and a plurality of second material layers 40, and the thicknesses of each of the plurality of first material layers 30 may be the same or different, and the thicknesses of each of the plurality of second material layers 40 may be the same or different.

[0018] As shown in Figures 2, 9 and 10, the shear strain of the main column 10 is defined as the horizontal deformation or lateral deformation D of the main column 10 divided by the height H of the main column 10 subjected to shear deformation, i.e., D / H, and the horizontal deformation or lateral deformation D of the main column 10 refers to the relative horizontal displacement or lateral displacement in the horizontal direction between the top end and the bottom end of the main column 10 penetrating the multiple first material layers 30 and the multiple second material layers 40. The height H of the main column 10 subjected to shear deformation is the sum of the thicknesses of the multiple first material layers 30 and the multiple second material layers 40 through which the main column 10 penetrates.

[0019] According to the above technical features, when the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention is used, the two support plates 20 are fixed to the floor and the object, respectively, and during an earthquake, the main column 10, the first material layer 30, and the second material layer 40 are deformed, thereby providing a vibration absorption effect to prevent damage caused by earthquake or environmental vibration and energy being directly transmitted to large objects such as buildings, bridges, or equipment. In addition, the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention provides a sufficient damping effect without the need for other dampers such as hydraulic dampers, which can significantly reduce costs, making it economical and very convenient to use as it does not require additional space to accommodate other dampers. Furthermore, the main pillar 10 is a columnar body made of a tough material having a shear strain capacity of at least 50% and is fabricated by metal processing zinc metal or zinc alloy. Since zinc is an environmentally friendly and biodegradable material and is also an essential component for maintaining the normal functions of the human body, the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention does not cause environmental pollution problems even when it is dismantled after reaching the end of its useful life, and is in compliance with environmental protection laws.

[0020] Furthermore, since zinc has a high yield stress, high bearing capacity, and large damping effect, the zinc main pillar 10 can not only save materials, but also suppress the displacement of the vibration-proof bearing and greatly improve the damping effect, thereby strengthening the earthquake resistance effect and being economical. Furthermore, since the melting point of zinc is 420°C, which is higher than that of lead (327°C), even if the vibration-proof bearing of the present invention absorbs vibration energy during an earthquake and the temperature rises, the increased temperature does not reach the melting point of zinc. Therefore, the main pillar 10 of the present invention can function properly during an earthquake and the functions of the main pillar 10 and the vibration-proof bearing can be continuously maintained. Furthermore, since zinc has a high specific heat and thermal conductivity, the temperature is not easily increased after absorbing the vibration energy of an earthquake, so the vibration energy absorption function of the main pillar 10 is not reduced.

[0021] Furthermore, the zinc or zinc alloy in the main pillar 10 is annealed or tempered at a temperature of 40°C to 415°C to improve toughness and malleability, and various grain sizes can be obtained to meet the needs of various projects.

[0022] Furthermore, the zinc or zinc alloy in the main column 10 may be subjected to an annealing process, an extrusion process, an ECAP (Equal Channel Angular Pressing) process, a severe plastic deformation process (SPD), a hydrostatic extrusion process, a metal rolling process, a die casting process, a thermal-mechanical processing, a spark plasma sintering process, a sintering process, an argon plasma process, a spinning forming process, an axial forming process, a shear forming process, a flow forming process, a forging process, a high pressure torsion process (HPT), or a tempering process. The main pillar 10 is processed by metal processing such as annealing process to become a tough material with at least 50% shear strain capacity, which provides better toughness, ductility and strength, thus improving deformation and energy absorption capacity. The material of the main pillar 10 can also be annealed or tempered at a temperature of 40℃~415℃ to obtain various grain sizes to meet the needs of various projects.

[0023] Furthermore, the zinc metal or zinc alloy is manufactured by metal processing, and the metal processing method can use pressure, shear force, torsion force, bending moment, tensile force, or a combination of the above forces, and the zinc metal or zinc alloy can be subjected to at least one same / different degree of strain at various (same or different) temperatures from -12°C to 415°C, or undergo processing steps of the same / different time intervals, thereby improving its toughness and energy absorption function, and improving the vibration energy absorption ability of the anti-vibration bearing during earthquakes. Thus, the metal processing method of the material of the main column 10 can use a combination of pressure and torsion force, a combination of pressure and shear force, or a combination of pressure and bending moment to improve the toughness and vibration energy absorption effect of the main column 10. The combination of forces includes a combination of pressure and torsion, a combination of pressure and shear force, and a combination of pressure and bending moment.

[0024] In addition, in order to verify that the use of metal processed zinc metal or zinc alloy as the material of the main pillar 10 in the present invention can achieve significant and important functions and effects, various experiments were carried out on the anti-vibration bearing. As shown in Figs. 11 to 14, a test specimen corresponding to the first preferred embodiment of the present invention (the difference between the test specimen and the first preferred embodiment is that the outside of the anti-vibration bearing is covered with a first material layer 30 to prevent it from being affected by weather, but the first material layer 30 has no effect on the actual use function and mechanical behavior of the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention) was used to carry out relevant experimental tests. The diameter of the test specimen is 146 millimeters (mm), the height is 85 millimeters (mm), and the main pillar 10 is made of zinc. As shown in Fig. 14, according to the definition of the height H of the main pillar 10 subjected to the shear deformation, the height H is 53 millimeters (mm), the diameter of the main pillar 10 is 12.5 millimeters (mm), and the cross-sectional area of ​​the main pillar 10 is 122.7185 square millimeters (mm). 2). There are a total of 11 first material layers 30, and each first material layer 30 has a thickness of 3 millimeters (mm), so the total thickness of the multiple first material layers 30 is 33 millimeters (mm). Each first material layer 30 is made of rubber, and the shear modulus of rubber is 1.077 MPa (i.e., 10.979 kgf / cm 2 ). There are ten second material layers 40 in total, and each second material layer 40 has a thickness of 2 mm, so that the total thickness of the plurality of second material layers 40 is 20 mm. Each second material layer 40 is made of steel, and the height H of the main column 10 is 53 mm (i.e., 33 mm+20 mm), which is the total of the plurality of first material layers 30 and the plurality of second material layers 40 through which the main column 10 penetrates, and each support plate 20 is made of steel and has a thickness of 16 mm. Note that Figs. 15 to 17 show hysteresis loops between the relative horizontal displacement and the horizontal force or shear force when the vibration-proof bearing of the present invention undergoes relative displacement in different horizontal directions under a vertical pressure of 10 MPa.

[0025] In the experiment on the above test specimen, the frequency of the horizontal cyclic loading is set to 0.4 Hz (period 2.5 seconds). Figure 15 is a response relationship diagram of the hysteresis loop when the relative horizontal displacement (i.e., the deformation D in Figure 14) of the vibration-proof bearing (main column 10 as well) according to the present invention is 33 millimeters (mm), and according to the definition of the present invention, the shear strain (D / H) of the zinc main column 10 in this experiment is 33 millimeters (mm) / 53 millimeters (mm) = 62.264%, while according to the definition of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (hereinafter referred to as AASHTO) seismic isolation bridge design standard and specification, the shear strain of the first material layer 30 is 33 millimeters (mm) / 33 millimeters (mm) = 100% (AASHTO does not define the shear strain of the main column 10). Figure 16 is a response relationship diagram of the hysteresis loop when the relative horizontal displacement (i.e., deformation D in Figure 14) of the vibration-proof bearing of the present invention (as well as the main column 10) is 49.5 millimeters (mm). According to the definition of the present invention, the shear strain of the main column 10 as the test specimen in the experiment is 49.5 millimeters (mm) / 53 millimeters (mm) = 93.396%, while according to the AASHTO definition, the shear strain of the first material layer 30 is 49.5 millimeters (mm) / 33 millimeters (mm) = 150%. FIG. 17 is a response relationship diagram of the hysteresis loop when the relative horizontal displacement (i.e., the deformation D in FIG. 14) of the vibration-proof bearing of the present invention (as well as the main column 10) is 66 millimeters (mm). According to the definition of the present invention, the shear strain of the main column 10 as the test specimen in the experiment is 66 millimeters (mm) / 53 millimeters (mm)=124.528%, while according to the AASHTO definition, the shear strain of the first material layer 30 is 66 millimeters (mm) / 33 millimeters (mm)=200%.

[0026] As shown in Figure 15, when the relative horizontal displacement is 33 millimeters (mm), the characteristic strength of the vibration-proof bearing of the present invention is 3.488 kilonewtons (kN), but according to the AASHTO design standards and specifications for seismic isolation bridges, the characteristic strength of a lead rubber bearing (LRB) of the same size is only 0.99402 kN (i.e., 6.36173 x lead core diameter x lead core diameter N (Newton) = 6.36173 x 12.5 x 12.5 Newtons = 994.02 Newtons (N) = 0.99402 kilonewtons). From the above characteristic strength, it can be seen that the characteristic strength of the vibration-proof bearing of the present invention is about 3.5090 times that of the lead rubber bearing. Also, according to the experimental results shown in FIG. 15, when the relative horizontal displacement is 33 millimeters (mm), the average absorbed energy of the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention in each cycle is 469.898 kN·mm, but according to the AASHTO definition, the average absorbed energy of the lead-rubber bearing of the same size in each cycle is 131.2106 kN·mm. Therefore, it can be seen that the vibration energy absorption function of the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention is about 3.5812 times that of the lead-rubber bearing. Furthermore, according to the experimental results shown in FIG. 15, the equivalent effective damping ratio of the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention is 12.0874%, but according to the AASHTO definition, the equivalent effective damping ratio of the lead-rubber bearing of the same size and rubber material (same shear modulus of elasticity 1.077 MPa) is 3.9733%. Therefore, it can be seen that the equivalent effective damping ratio of the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention is about 3.04216 times that of the lead-rubber bearing.

[0027] As shown in Figure 16, when the relative horizontal displacement is 49.5 millimeters (mm), the characteristic strength of the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention is 4.447 kilonewtons (kN), but according to the AASHTO definition, the characteristic strength of a lead-rubber bearing of the same size is only 0.99402 kN, so it can be seen that the characteristic strength of the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention is about 4.4738 times that of the lead-rubber bearing. Furthermore, according to the experimental results shown in Figure 16, the average absorbed energy in each cycle of the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention is 1196.2347 kN·mm, but according to the AASHTO definition, the average absorbed energy in each cycle of the lead-rubber bearing of the same size is 196.8160 kN·mm. Therefore, it can be seen that the vibration energy absorption effect of the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention is about 6.0779 times that of the lead-rubber bearing. Furthermore, according to the experimental results shown in FIG. 16, the equivalent damping rate of the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention is 13.0480%, whereas according to the AASHTO definition, the equivalent damping rate of a lead-rubber bearing of the same size and rubber material is 2.7052%, so it can be seen that the equivalent damping rate of the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention is approximately 4.8233 times that of the lead-rubber bearing.

[0028] As shown in Figure 17, when the relative horizontal displacement is 66 millimeters (mm), the characteristic strength of the anti-vibration bearing of this invention is 4.850 kilonewtons (kN), but according to the AASHTO definition, the characteristic strength of a lead-rubber bearing of the same size is only 0.99402 kN, so it can be seen that the characteristic strength of the anti-vibration bearing of this invention is about 4.8792 times that of the lead-rubber bearing. Also, according to the experimental results shown in Figure 17, the average absorbed energy in each cycle of the anti-vibration bearing of this invention is 1513.0443 kN·mm, but according to the AASHTO definition, the average absorbed energy in each cycle of a lead-rubber bearing of the same size is 262.4213 kN·mm, so it can be seen that the vibration energy absorption effect of the anti-vibration bearing of this invention is about 5.7657 times that of the lead-rubber bearing. Furthermore, according to the experimental results shown in Figure 17, the equivalent damping rate of the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention is 10.4673%, while according to the AASHTO definition, the equivalent damping rate of a lead-rubber bearing of the same size and rubber material is 2.05066%, so it can be seen that the equivalent damping rate of the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention is approximately 5.104357 times that of the lead-rubber bearing.

[0029] According to the hysteresis loop response of the above test specimen, it can be seen that the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention has sufficiently stable mechanical behavior and good toughness, and compared with the characteristics of conventional lead rubber bearings, it can also be proven that the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention has much higher strength and vibration energy absorption capacity, and has excellent effects.

[0030] According to a second preferred embodiment of the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention shown in Fig. 4, compared with the first preferred embodiment shown in Figs. 1-3, in this second preferred embodiment, the anti-vibration bearing is provided with a plurality of main pillars 10. Each main pillar 10 is arranged at an interval with respect to the center of the anti-vibration bearing, and the deformation of each main pillar 10 provides a damping effect.

[0031] According to the third preferred embodiment of the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention shown in Figures 5 and 6, compared with the first preferred embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 3, in this third preferred embodiment, a restraining unit 50 is provided between the main column 10 and the first material layer 30, the second material layer 40, and the two support plates 20 in the anti-vibration bearing, surrounding the outside of the main column 10. Note that this restraining unit 50 is made of a deformable material or a high specific heat material in order to provide the main column 10 with a restraining function, a deformation space, and a function of suppressing temperature rise, and is preferably made of a deformable soft material, a high specific heat material, a high thermal conductivity material, a hollow cylinder, or a spiral spring.

[0032] According to a fourth preferred embodiment of the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention shown in FIG. 7, compared with the first preferred embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, in this fourth preferred embodiment, the main pillar 10 of the anti-vibration bearing penetrates the first material layer 30 and the second material layer 40, but does not penetrate the two support plates 20.

[0033] According to a fifth preferred embodiment of the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention shown in Figure 8, compared to the first preferred embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 3, in this fifth preferred embodiment, the main pillar 10 of the anti-vibration bearing penetrates the first material layer 30 and the second material layer 40, and also penetrates part of the thickness direction of the two support plates 20.

[0034] According to a sixth preferred embodiment of the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention shown in Figure 9, compared to the first preferred embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 3, in this sixth preferred embodiment, the main pillar 10 of the anti-vibration bearing penetrates the first material layer 30 and the second material layer 40, as well as penetrating one of the support plates 20 and penetrating a portion of the other support plate 20 in the thickness direction.

[0035] Referring to the seventh preferred embodiment of the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention shown in FIG. 10, compared with the first preferred embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, in this seventh preferred embodiment, the main pole 10 of the anti-vibration bearing only penetrates a part of the first material layer 30 and the second material layer 40.

[0036] According to the above technical features, the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention mainly obtains a damping effect by the deformation of the main pillar 10, and at the same time, obtains a vibration absorbing effect by the deformation of the first material layer 30 and the second material layer 40, so that it can prevent damage to large objects such as buildings and bridges and small objects such as equipment caused by direct transmission of earthquake vibrations and energy. In addition, the main pillar 10 made of zinc metal or zinc alloy has a relatively high melting point, specific heat, and thermal conductivity, so that it can prevent the deterioration of the function of the main pillar 10 caused by heat generated by repeated deformation and the serious impact on the environment caused by the melting of the main pillar 10. In addition, since zinc metal or zinc alloy recrystallizes at low temperatures, after absorbing the energy of an earthquake, there is almost no damage due to low cycle fatigue, and its properties change from a brittle material with poor mechanical properties to a tough material with very good mechanical properties, so that it can meet the basic requirements for earthquake energy absorption. In addition, in the present invention, the zinc metal or zinc alloy constituting the main pillar 10 can be subjected to at least one same / different degree of strain or processing process at the same / different time interval to improve its toughness and energy absorption effect. This provides better strength and improves the deformation and energy absorption capabilities, thereby improving the vibration energy absorption function of the anti-vibration bearing during earthquakes. In addition, the present invention further provides the main pillars 10 with a restraining function, deformation space, and temperature rise suppression function by installing a restraining unit 50 on each main pillar 10, thereby improving the vibration isolation function of the anti-vibration bearing of the present invention, and providing an anti-vibration bearing that is environmentally friendly, has excellent damping effect, maintains overall function, and suppresses temperature rise, and has a suitable vibration absorption effect. [Explanation of symbols]

[0037] 10 Main Pillar 20 Support plate 21 Receptor hole 30 1st material layer 40 Second material layer 50 Detention Unit 60 bolt holes D. Deformation amount H Height

Claims

1. An anti-vibration bearing, At least one main column, the column being made of a material such as zinc metal or a zinc alloy, and the column has a shear strain capacity of at least 50% due to metal working of the material; Two support plates spaced apart from each other and disposed at both ends of the anti-vibration bearing; An anti-vibration bearing comprising a plurality of first material layers and a plurality of second material layers alternately installed between the two support plates and into which the at least one main pole is fitted to surround the at least one main pole.

2. 2. The anti-vibration bearing according to claim 1, wherein the number of said main posts is one.

3. 2. The anti-vibration bearing according to claim 1, wherein the number of said main posts is more than one.

4. 2. The anti-vibration bearing of claim 1, wherein said main post passes through said first plurality of layers of material and said second plurality of layers of material.

5. 2. The anti-vibration bearing of claim 1, wherein said main post passes through said two support plates, said first layers of material and said second layers of material.

6. 2. The anti-vibration bearing of claim 1, wherein the main post passes through a portion of the first plurality of layers of material and a portion of the second plurality of layers of material.

7. 2. The anti-vibration bearing of claim 1, wherein each of said plurality of layers of first material has the same thickness.

8. 2. The anti-vibration bearing of claim 1, wherein each of said plurality of layers of second material has the same thickness.

9. 2. The anti-vibration bearing according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said first material layers has a different thickness.

10. 2. The anti-vibration bearing according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said plurality of second material layers has a different thickness.

11. 5. The anti-vibration bearing according to claim 4, wherein at least one of said plurality of second material layers has a different thickness.

12. 6. The anti-vibration bearing according to claim 5, wherein at least one of said plurality of second material layers has a different thickness.

13. The anti-vibration bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that a restraining unit surrounding the exterior of the main pole is installed between the main pole and the plurality of first material layers and the plurality of second material layers.

14. 2. The anti-vibration bearing according to claim 1, wherein the main pillar penetrates the first material layers and the second material layers, and penetrates a portion of one of the support plates in the thickness direction.

15. 2. The anti-vibration bearing according to claim 1, wherein the main pillar penetrates the first material layers and the second material layers, and penetrates a portion of the thickness of the two support plates.

16. 2. The anti-vibration bearing according to claim 1, wherein the main pillar penetrates the plurality of first material layers, the plurality of second material layers, and one of the support plates, and penetrates a portion of the other support plate in the thickness direction.

17. 2. The anti-vibration bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass fraction of zinc material in the main pole is at least 60%.

18. The anti-vibration bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal processing method for the material constituting the main column is an annealing process, an extrusion process, an ECAP process, a large-scale deformation processing process, a hydrostatic extrusion process, a rolling process, a die casting process, a thermomechanical process, a spark plasma sintering process, a sintering process, an argon plasma treatment, a spinning forming process, an axial forming process, a shear forming process, a flow forming process, a forging process, a high-pressure torsion processing process, or a tempering process.

19. The anti-vibration bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the main pillar is the zinc alloy, and the zinc content of the zinc alloy is 50 mass% or more and 99 mass% or less, based on the total mass of the zinc alloy.

20. 20. The anti-vibration bearing of claim 19, wherein the zinc alloy comprises zinc and a first component, the first component comprising aluminum, copper, lithium, iron, magnesium, manganese, calcium, zirconium, bismuth, chromium, titanium, germanium, strontium, lead, silver, or combinations thereof.

21. 20. The anti-vibration bearing according to claim 19, wherein the zinc content of the zinc alloy is 60% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the zinc alloy.

22. 2. The anti-vibration bearing according to claim 1, wherein the material of said main pole is zinc metal, and the purity of said zinc metal is 99% or more.

23. 23. An anti-vibration bearing as claimed in claim 22, characterized in that the zinc metal has a purity of 99% to 99.5%.

24. 23. An anti-vibration bearing as claimed in claim 22, characterized in that the zinc metal has a purity of 99.5% to 99.9%.

25. 23. An anti-vibration bearing as claimed in claim 22, characterized in that the zinc metal has a purity of 99.9% to 99.98%.

26. 23. An anti-vibration bearing as claimed in claim 22, characterized in that the zinc metal has a purity of 99.98% to 99.995%.

27. 23. An anti-vibration bearing as claimed in claim 22, characterized in that the zinc metal has a purity of between 99.995% and 100%.

28. 2. The anti-vibration bearing of claim 1, wherein the material from which the main post is made has undergone at least one strain-inducing metal working process.

29. 2. The anti-vibration bearing of claim 1, wherein the material from which the main post is made is subjected to multiple strain-inducing metal working processes.

30. 2. The anti-vibration bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the material from which the main pole is made is subjected to at least one strain-inducing metal working process at the same temperature.

31. 2. The anti-vibration bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the material from which the main post is made has undergone at least one strain-inducing metal working process at different temperatures.

32. 2. The anti-vibration bearing of claim 1, wherein the metal working technique for the material that constitutes the main column uses pressure, shear force, torsion force, bending moment, tension force, or a combination of the aforementioned forces.

33. 2. The anti-vibration bearing of claim 1, wherein the metal working technique for the material that constitutes the main post uses a combination of pressure and torsion forces.

34. 2. The anti-vibration bearing of claim 1, wherein the metal working technique for the material that constitutes the main post uses a combination of pressure and shear forces.

35. 2. The anti-vibration bearing according to claim 1, wherein the metal working method for the material constituting the main post uses a combination of pressure and bending moment.

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