Tolerance ring, and assembly having tolerance ring

Abstract

To provide a tolerance ring located between assemblies involving moving parts.SOLUTION: A tolerance ring (100) includes: a plurality of projections (120) protruding radially inward or radially outward; a substrate (119); and an overlying layer (104) including at least one of a thermal enhancement layer and a retention layer. The thermal enhancement layer includes at least one of i) Vickers hardness less than 400 VPM and ii) thermal conductivity greater than 100 W / m K. The tolerance ring (100) is adapted to provide at least one of a) thermal transfer between an inner member and an outer member, b) a coefficient of friction between the retention layer and the outer member greater than a coefficient of friction between the substrate (119) and the outer member, and c) retention force Rf between the inner member and the outer member greater than 0.1 times assembly force Af.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention generally relates to a tolerance ring positioned between assemblies with moving parts. do. [Background technology]

[0002] In general, tolerance rings can be used to couple movement between parts. The tolerance ring is disposed in the gap between the outer surface of the inner component and the inner surface of the bore of the outer component. Such assemblies may include, but are not limited to, rotating within the assembly. Rotating parts such as rotating shafts and rotors that rotate The tolerance ring is also used for generator assemblies, motor assemblies, and engine It can be used in assemblies such as clutch assemblies and retention mechanisms. Such an assembly may be used in automotive applications.

[0003] In order that its features and advantages may be obtained and more fully understood, the following description is given in the accompanying drawings, in which: A more complete description will now be given with reference to the embodiments. However, the drawings only show some of the embodiments. These statements are intended to illustrate the nature of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0004] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective end view of one embodiment of a tolerance ring. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective side view of one embodiment of a tolerance ring. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a top view of one embodiment of a protrusion for a tolerance ring. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of another embodiment of a tolerance ring having layers. [Figure 5A] FIG. 5A is a perspective end view of one embodiment of the assembly. [Figure 5B] FIG. 5B is a perspective side view of one embodiment of the assembly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0005] The use of the same reference numbers in different drawings indicates similar or identical items.

[0006] The following description in combination with the drawings will provide an aid in understanding the teachings disclosed herein. The following discussion focuses on specific implementations and embodiments of the present teachings. are provided to aid in explaining the present teachings and are not intended to limit the scope or applicability of the present teachings. This should not be construed as limiting. Other embodiments may be used based on the teachings as disclosed herein. It can be used.

[0007] The terms "comprises," "comprising," "including "includes," "including," "has," "has "having" or any other variation thereof is intended to include a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a method, article, or apparatus that comprises the recited features is not necessarily The present invention is not limited to those features and may not be used in any manner, article or device not expressly described. In addition, unless expressly stated, "or" does not necessarily mean "or" in any sense. Use inclusive or instead of exclusive or For example, condition A or B is satisfied by either: A is satisfied if A is true (exists) and B is false (does not exist), or A is false (does not exist) and B is true both A and B are true (exist).

[0008] In addition, the use of "a" or "an" is used to describe elements and parts described in the supplemental specification. This is done merely for convenience and to give a general sense of the scope of the invention. This statement may include one, at least one, or or the singular form including the plural, or vice versa. For example, Where an item is described herein, a plurality of items may be substituted for that single item. Similarly, where a plurality of items is described herein, a single item may be used to refer to the plurality of items. Additionally, the use of "about" or "approximately" may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. are employed to convey spatial or numerical relationships that describe values ​​or relationships of

[0009] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein refer to the have the same meaning as commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art The materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and are not intended to be limiting. To the extent not provided in the document, many details regarding specific materials and processing steps are conventional. Motor / alternator / turbocharger / engine assembly and parts These can be found in textbooks and other sources available within the art.

[0010] 1-4 illustrate a tolerance ring 100 according to some embodiments. The ring 100 is shaped like a tolerance ring (approximately annular) centered on the central axis 600. The tolerance ring 100 includes a first band of bendable material 102. The band 102 may have an axial end 115 and a second axial end 117. In one embodiment, the band 102 may include an inner sidewall portion 103a and an outer sidewall The sidewall portion 103 may include an axial edge 105. In this embodiment, the side wall portion 103 has a first axial edge portion 105a and a second axial edge portion 105b. In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 or band 102 may have: Along at least one axial end 115, 117 of the sidewall 103, a flat of resilient material In some embodiments, the top of the material may have a non-formed portion 220 extending circumferentially therethrough. The side unformed band 220 and the lower unformed band 222 form a side wall of the tolerance ring 100. 103 at each axial end 105, 107. A non-formed band 220 extends axially along the length of the sidewall 103 between the bands 220, 222. 20, 222. In one embodiment, the tolerance ring 100 and / or The band 102 has a gap 106 that defines a first circumferential end 611 and a second circumferential end 613. In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1-2, the first circumference of the band 102 may include The circumferential end 611 and the second circumferential end 613 do not come into contact with each other (for example, in the case of a split tolerance ring configuration). 102), leaving an axial gap 106 adjacent the outer periphery of the band 102. In an embodiment, the band may be curved so that the ends overlap each other. In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the band is a continuous, uninterrupted tolerance band. In one embodiment, the inner sidewall 103a may include an inner surface. In one embodiment, the exterior sidewall portion 103b can include an outer surface. In the embodiment, the band 102 may include a plurality of protrusions 120 around the circumference of the band 102. In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 comprises an inner member 306 and an outer member 307. 02 may be fixed relative to each other.

[0011] In one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-4, the tolerance ring 100 is made of a composite material. The tolerance ring 100 can include at least one substrate 119 and at least The substrate 119 may include at least one coating layer 104. The coating layer 104 may be disposed on any portion of the substrate 119. The coating layer 104 may be continuous or discontinuous across the substrate 119. The inner surface of the inner side wall portion 103a may be configured to conform to the shape of the band 102. In one embodiment, the outer surface of the outer sidewall portion 103b may have a coating layer 104. The cover layer 104 may have a shape that conforms to the shape of the base 102. It may be connected at least in part, particularly along the protruding portion 120 of the substrate. In a further embodiment, the coating layer 104 is formed on the radially outer surface or The entire main surface of the side wall portion 103, for example, the side wall portion 104, is covered with the inner surface in the radial direction. 03 to the radially inner surface 103a or the radially outer surface 103b. In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the coating layer 104, 104' is a tolerance phosphorus. The entire main surface of the side wall portion 103, e.g., , connected to the radially inner surface 103a and the radially outer surface 103b of the side wall portion 103; In a particular embodiment, the coating layer 104 may be formed to have a contact surface with another surface of another component. Alternatively, the second group may be coupled to the radially inner surface of the substrate 119 to form a second group. A material 119' may be located on top of the cover layer 104. In yet another embodiment, multiple substrates 119 and multiple coating layers 104 may be positioned above or below each other in any configuration. In some embodiments, the band 102 and / or the plurality of protrusions 120 may be formed on a plurality of substrates 1 19, and multiple coating layers 104 may be positioned above or below each other in any configuration. In some embodiments, multiple substrates 119 and multiple coating layers 104 may be arranged in a ba The recess 102 may include a plurality of protrusions 120 .

[0012] The coating layer 104 may include multiple compositions or layers. In some embodiments, the coating layer 104 may include at least one of a thermal enhancement layer 104a and a retention layer 104b. In some embodiments, the thermal enhancement layer 104a has a Vickers hardness of <400 VPM and and / or a thermal conductivity of >100 W / m·K. can have both a Vickers hardness of <400 VPM and a thermal conductivity of >100 W / m K. In some embodiments, the thermal enhancement layer 104a is It may be possible to provide heat transfer between the member 306 and the outer member 302. In some embodiments, the retainer layer 104b is formed between the inner member 306 and the outer member 302. Holding force R f and the assembly can be performed with an assembly force A f R f >0.1A f Holding force R f For at least one of the inner part 306 or the outer part 302 This may be defined as the force required to hold the tolerance ring 100 in a static state. Force A f The tolerance ring 100 is attached to at least one of the inner component 306 or the outer component 302. The force required to assemble both the assembly 2 and the assembly 3 may be defined as the force required to assemble both the assembly 2 and the assembly 3. In other embodiments, the thermal enhancement layer 104a and the retention layer 104b may be a single homogenous layer. In an embodiment, the thermal enhancement layer 104a and the retention layer 104b are separate layers within the coating layer 104. In one embodiment, the combination of the thermal enhancement layer 104a and the retention layer 104b The composition may form a composition gradient within the coating layer 104. In one embodiment, the coating layer 104 ( The thermal enhancement layer 104a or the retention layer 104b may be used to provide a tolerance layer. The outer surface or radially outer surface or portion of the sidewall 103b of the ring 100 may be defined. In the embodiment, the covering layer 104 (at least one of the thermal enhancement layer 104a and the retention layer 104b) The tolerance ring 100 has an inner surface or a radially inner surface or a side wall portion 1 It may define a portion of 03a.

[0013] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the substrate 119 is at least partially comprised of metal. Metals include aluminum, zinc, copper, beryllium, magnesium, It may contain tin, titanium, tungsten, iron, bronze, or alloys thereof, or other types. More specifically, the substrate may be made of a low iron alloy such as steel, for example stainless steel or carbon steel. For example, the substrate 119 may be comprised at least in part of 301 stainless steel. 301 stainless steel can also be partially included. 301 stainless steel is available in 1 / 4 hardness, 1 / 2 hardness, 3 / 4 hardness, The substrate 119 may be a woven mesh or an expanded mesh. It may include targrid.

[0014] In one embodiment, the cover layer 104 (at least one of the thermal enhancement layer 104a or the retention layer 104b) At least one of the metals may be at least partially comprised of a metal. Aluminum, zinc, copper, beryllium, magnesium, tin, titanium, tungsten, iron, blue The coating layer 104 (thermal enhancement layer) may include copper or an alloy thereof, or may be of other types. At least one of the retainer layers 104a and 104b may be made of a metal alloy (such as the listed metals). metals, including those listed above, anodized metals, passivated metals, or any combination thereof. The cover layer 104 (at least one of the thermal enhancement layer 104a and the retention layer 104b) may include a combination of the above. At least one of the coverings may include a woven mesh or an expanded metal grid. Layer 104 may be electroplated, chemically coated, anodized, hot-dip galvanized, vacuum plated, or passivated. Transformation, abrasive treatment, grinding, polishing, burnishing, sandblasting, etching, abrasion , calendaring, zinc plating, knurling, peening, pickling, thermal spraying, surface hardening , metal infiltration, or any other process known in the metalworking art. This is also fine.

[0015] Optionally, the substrate 119 may be etched to prevent corrosion of the tolerance ring substrate prior to processing. The layer 704 may be coated with corrosion protection layers 704 and 705. In addition, a corrosion protection layer 708 may be formed on the layer 704. Each of layers 704, 705 and 708 may be applied over a thickness of about 7-15 mm. The layers 704 and 705 may have a thickness of about 1 to 50 microns. containing lead, iron, manganese phosphates or any combination thereof, or a nanoceramic layer. Additionally, layers 704 and 705 may be formed using functional silanes, nanoscale silane-based protons, Primers, Hydrolyzed Silanes, Organosilane Adhesion Promoters, Solvent / Water-Based Silane Primers, Chlorinated polyolefin, passivated surface, commercially available zinc (mechanical / galvanic) or zinc Layer 70 may include a lead-nickel coating, a lead-nickel coating, or any combination thereof. 8 is a functional silane, nanoscale silane-based primer, hydrolyzed silane, organosilane The corrosion protection layer 704 may include a silane adhesion promoter, or a solvent / water based silane primer. , 705 and 708 can be removed or retained during processing.

[0016] Optionally, the tolerance ring 100 may further include a corrosion resistant coating 125. The coating 125 may be about 1 to 50 microns thick, such as about 5 to 20 microns, or about 7 to 15 microns. The corrosion resistant coating may have a thickness of microns. The adhesion promoter layer 127 may include an epoxy layer 129. The adhesion promoter layer 127 may include an epoxy layer 129. or any combination thereof, or a nanoceramic layer. The adhesion promoter layer 127 may be a functional silane, a nanoscale silane-based layer, a hydrolyzed silane, an ol Ganosilane adhesion promoters, solvent / water based silane primers, chlorinated polyolefins, passivation Surface, commercially available zinc (mechanical / galvanic) or zinc-nickel coating, or The epoxy layer 129 may include any combination thereof. UV cured epoxy, IR cured epoxy, electron beam cured epoxy, radiation cured epoxy, Alternatively, the epoxy resin may be an air-cured epoxy. ter, diglycidyl ether, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, oxirane, oxy Cyclopropane, Ethylene oxide, 1,2-epoxypropane, 2-methyloxyla 9,10-epoxy-9,10-dihydroanthracene, or any combination thereof The epoxy resin layer 129 may further include a hardener. The curing agent is an amine, an acid anhydride, or a phenol novolak poly[N-(4-hydroxyphenyl Phenol novolak hardeners such as phenolic phenol phosphate (PHPMI) and resol phenol phosphatase Formaldehyde, aliphatic amine compounds, polycarboxylic acid anhydrides, polyacrylic acid salts, isopropyl alcohols, Cyanates, encapsulated polyisocyanates, boron trifluoride amine complexes, chromium-based curing The polymerizable composition may include an acid anhydride, a polyamide, or any combination thereof. As mentioned above, R is replaced by C X H Y X Z A U The possible equation RC=OOC=O-R' is satisfied. The amines can be monoethylamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, aliphatic amines such as cycloaliphatic amines, cycloaliphatic amines, cycloaliphatic amines, Aromatic amines such as amidoamines, polyamides, dicyandiamide, and imidazole derivatives; or any combination thereof.

[0017] In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 (substrate 119 or coating layer 104) (including at least one of them) have sufficient rigidity to withstand axial and longitudinal forces The tolerance ring 100 may be a single piece, two pieces, or , welded, adhesive, fasteners, threads, or any other suitable fastening means. The housing may be made of several parts.

[0018] In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 is made of a resilient material (such as a burr) of the substrate 119. The curved shape of the strip may be formed from a flat strip of metal (forming the band 102). Before folding the cover layer 104 (at least one of the thermal enhancement layer 104a or the retention layer 104b) into the shape of a The substrate may be coated, covered, or disposed on one surface thereof. In an embodiment, the coating layer 104 is a coating, covering, or other material on both sides of the substrate 119. The covering layer 104 (at least one of the thermal improvement layer 104a and the retention layer 104b) may be disposed. These include, but are not limited to, physical or chemical vapor deposition, thermal spraying, plating, powder coating, The coating may be applied to the substrate 119 by known methods such as coating or other chemical or electrochemical techniques. The coating layer 104 (thermally enhancing layer 104a or protective layer 104b) may be deposited through a coating. (including at least one of the following) includes, but is not limited to, roll pressing, lamination, By known methods such as electrochemical welding, explosive welding, laser cladding, or by other chemical or electrical methods. The coating layer 104 may be coated onto the substrate 119 by chemical or vapor deposition techniques. The cover layer 104 may be attached to the surface of the band 102 opposite the surfaces 2, 306. The band 102 may be coated, laminated, covered or bonded to the coating layer 104. , coating, or covering to provide a uniform thickness around the band 102. Before or after the coating layer 104 is attached to the substrate 119, the resulting layer structure is , stamping (e.g., press molding using a suitably shaped mold, rotary weld The protrusions 120 can be formed by forming a wave or the like. The cover layer 104 may be formed from both a strip of elastic material and a cover layer 104. The material of 04 may be selected to be flexible to facilitate this stamping process. The covering layer 104 is formed on the inner side wall portion 103a or the outer side wall portion 103b. After the protrusions 120 are formed, the laminated structure is In the illustrated embodiment, the cover layer 104 is an outer In other embodiments, the cover layer 104 may be the inner material.

[0019] In one embodiment, the sidewall 103 has a thickness T in the range of 0.2 mm to 25 mm. SW of In a more specific embodiment, the side wall portion 103 may have a thickness of 0.25 mm to 1 mm range, 0.3mm~1mm range, 0.35mm~1mm range, 0.4m m~1mm range, 0.45mm~1mm range, 0.5mm~1mm range, 0 .55mm~1mm range, 0.6mm~1mm range, 0.65mm~1mm range Within the range of 0.7mm~1mm, Within the range of 0.75mm~1mm, 0.8mm~1m m range, 0.85mm~1mm range, 0.9mm~1mm range, and even 0. Thickness T in the range of 0.2mm to 2mm, such as in the range of 95mm to 1mm SW Possess In another embodiment, the thickness T SW is in the range of 0.2mm~0.9mm, Within the range of 0.2mm~0.85mm, within the range of 0.2mm~0.8mm, within the range of 0.2mm~0 Within 0.75mm, Within 0.2mm~0.7mm, Within 0.2mm~0.65mm Within the range of 0.2mm~0.6mm, Within the range of 0.2mm~0.6mm, 0.2mm Within the range of ~0.55mm, within the range of 0.2mm~0.5mm, 0.2mm~0.45mm Within the range of 0.2mm~0.4mm, Within the range of 0.2mm~0.35mm, 0. 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm, or even 0.2 mm to 0.25 mm. In a more particular embodiment, the sidewall 103 is 0.2mm~2mm thick T SW may have the following structure:

[0020] In one embodiment, the substrate 119 has a thickness T in the range of 0.075 mm to 25 mm. S of In a more specific embodiment, the substrate 119 may have a thickness in the range of 0.25 mm to 1 mm. , within the range of 0.3mm~1mm, within the range of 0.35mm~1mm, 0.4mm~1mm Within range, within 0.45mm~1mm, within 0.5mm~1mm, 0.55mm~ Within 1mm, within 0.6mm~1mm, within 0.65mm~1mm, 0.7 Within mm~1mm, Within 0.75mm~1mm, Within 0.8mm~1mm, Within the range of 0.85mm to 1mm, 0.9mm to 1mm, and even 0.95mm to 1 Thickness T in the range of 0.075 mm to 2 mm S Other implementations may include In the embodiment, the base material 119 is in the range of 0.075 mm to 0.9 mm, Within 0.85mm, within 0.075mm~0.8mm, within 0.075mm~0.7 Within 5mm, within 0.075mm~0.7mm, 0.075mm~0.65mm Within the range, Within the range of 0.075mm~0.6mm, Within the range of 0.075mm~0.6mm , within the range of 0.075mm~0.55mm, within the range of 0.075mm~0.5mm, 0. Within the range of 0.075mm~0.45mm, within the range of 0.075mm~0.4mm, 0.075 Within the range of 0.075 mm to 0.35 mm, 0.075 mm to 0.3 mm, and even 0.075 Thickness T in the range of 0.075mm~0.95mm, such as in the range of 0.25mm~0.075mm S In a more specific embodiment, the substrate 119 may have a thickness of 0.075 mm to 0.8 mm. Thickness T S may have.

[0021] In one embodiment, the coating layer 104 has a thickness in the range of 0.01 microns to 500 microns. Thickness T OL In a more particular embodiment, the coating layer 104 may have a thickness of 0.2 microns. ~200 microns, 0.3 microns to 150 microns, 0.35 microns 0.45 microns to 125 microns, 0.4 microns to 115 microns, 0.45 microns to 125 microns 0.5 microns to 100 microns, 0.5 microns to 90 microns, 0.55 microns 0.6 microns to 85 microns, 0.6 microns to 75 microns, 0.65 microns 0.75 microns, 0.7 microns to 65 microns, 0.7 microns to 50 microns, 0.75 microns ~45 microns, 0.8 microns to 40 microns, 0.85 microns to Within the range of 35 microns, within the range of 0.9 microns to 30 microns, and even 0.95 microns Thickness T in the range of 0.15 microns to 250 microns OLIn another embodiment, the coating layer 104 may have a thickness between 0.2 microns and 250 microns. Within the range of 0.2 microns to 150 microns, within the range of 0.2 microns to 125 microns Ron range, 0.2 microns to 100 microns, 0.2 microns to 95 microns in the range of 0.2 microns to 90 microns, in the range of 0.2 microns to 85 microns Within range, Within range of 0.2 microns to 80 microns, Within range of 0.2 microns to 75 microns Within the range of 0.2 microns to 70 microns, within the range of 0.2 microns to 65 microns, Within the range of 0.2 microns to 60 microns, within the range of 0.2 microns to 50 microns, 0. Within the range of 2 microns to 25 microns, and even within the range of 0.2 microns to 10 microns. The thickness T ranges from 0.2 microns to 500 microns. OL More specific implementations may include: In the embodiment, the coating layer 104 has a thickness T of 100 microns to 200 microns. OL Have do.

[0022] In one embodiment, the thermal enhancement layer 104a has a thickness in the range of 0.2 microns to 200 microns. Within the range of 0.3 microns to 150 microns, within the range of 0.35 microns to 125 microns Within the range of 0.4 microns to 115 microns, 0.45 microns to 100 microns Within the range, 0.5 microns to 90 microns, 0.55 microns to 85 microns Within the range of 0.6 microns to 75 microns, within the range of 0.65 microns to 65 microns Within the range of 0.7 microns to 50 microns, within the range of 0.75 microns to 45 microns , in the range of 0.8 microns to 40 microns, in the range of 0.85 microns to 35 microns, Within the range of 0.9 microns to 30 microns, and even within the range of 0.95 microns to 25 microns Thickness T within the range of 0.15 microns to 500 microns TEL Other In an embodiment, the thermal enhancement layer 104a has a thickness in the range of 0.2 microns to 250 microns. Within the range of 0.2 microns to 150 microns, within the range of 0.2 microns to 125 microns, Within the range of 0.2 microns to 100 microns, within the range of 0.2 microns to 95 microns, 0 .2 microns to 90 microns, 0.2 microns to 85 microns, 0.2 Within the range of 0.2 microns to 80 microns, within the range of 0.2 microns to 75 microns, 0.2 microns to 70 microns, 0.2 microns to 65 microns, 0.2 microns ~60 microns, 0.2 microns to 50 microns, 0.2 microns to 2 0.2 microns, such as in the range of 0.5 microns, and even in the range of 0.2 microns to 10 microns. Thickness T in the range of 100~500 microns TEL In a more particular embodiment, The thermal enhancement layer 104a has a thickness T TEL may have.

[0023] In one embodiment, the retention layer 104b has a thickness in the range of 0.2 microns to 200 microns. Within the range of 0.3 microns to 150 microns, within the range of 0.35 microns to 125 microns , 0.4 microns to 115 microns, 0.45 microns to 100 microns Within the range of 0.5 microns to 90 microns, within the range of 0.55 microns to 85 microns , in the range of 0.6 microns to 75 microns, in the range of 0.65 microns to 65 microns, Within the range of 0.7 microns to 50 microns, within the range of 0.75 microns to 45 microns, 0 .8 microns to 40 microns, 0.85 microns to 35 microns, 0. Within the range of 9 microns to 30 microns, and even within the range of 0.95 microns to 25 microns. The thickness T ranges from 0.15 microns to 500 microns. R Other embodiments may include: In the present embodiment, the retention layer 104b is in the range of 0.2 microns to 250 microns, 0.2 microns to 150 microns, 0.2 microns to 125 microns, 0.2 microns 0.2 microns to 100 microns, 0.2 microns to 95 microns, 0.2 microns ~90 microns, 0.2 microns to 85 microns, 0.2 microns to 8 0 microns, 0.2 microns to 75 microns, 0.2 microns to 70 microns Within the range of Kron, within the range of 0.2 microns to 65 microns, 0.2 microns to 60 microns in the range of 0.2 microns to 50 microns, in the range of 0.2 microns to 25 microns Within the range of 0.2 microns to 500 microns, and even within the range of 0.2 microns to 10 microns. Thickness T in the micron range R In a more particular embodiment, the retainer layer 104b The thickness T is 100 microns to 200 microns. R may have.

[0024] In one embodiment, referring to FIGS. 1-3, the tolerance ring 100 has a length of at least 5 m. m, at least 10mm, at least 25mm, at least 50mm, at least 75m m, inner radius R of at least 100 mm R1 The inner radius R R1 is 150mm or less , 125mm or less, 100mm or less, 90mm or less, 75mm or less, 50mm or less The tolerance ring 100 has a minimum of 5 mm, a minimum of 10 mm, and a minimum of 2 Outer radius R of 5mm, at least 50mm, at least 75mm, at least 100mm R 2. The tolerance ring 100 may have a length of 150 mm or less, 125 mm or less, 100 m Outer radius R of m or less, 90mm or less, 75mm or less, 50mm or less R2 More particularly, In certain embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 has an outer radius R of 3 mm to 150 mm. R2 may have.

[0025] In one embodiment, the tolerance ring 100 has a axial length measured between the axial ends 115, 117. 500mm or less, 250mm or less, 150mm or less, 100mm or less, 50mm or less , axial length L of 25 mm or less R The tolerance ring 100 may have an axis. Measured between the directional ends 115, 117, at least 5 mm, at least 10 mm, at least At least 25mm, at least 50mm, at least 100mm, at least 250mm axial Length L R In a more particular embodiment, the tolerance ring 10 0 is the axial length L of 6mm~250mm R The inner radius R R1 is the axis Direction length L R The outer radius R R2 is the axial length L R can vary along .

[0026] 1-4, in some embodiments, at least one protrusion 120 is The tolerance ring 100 may be at least partially coupled to the protrusion 102. The tolerance ring 100 may have a protrusion 120 formed thereon. The protrusion 120 may be monolithic with the sidewall 103. That is, the protrusion 120 may be integral with the sidewall 103. In another particular embodiment, at least one of the protrusions 120 may have a sidewall portion 1 03. For example, the separate part may be attached by adhesive, welding, etc. , crimping, or any other suitable process understood in the art. In one embodiment, the protrusion 120 may be attached to the tolerance ring 10. The axially inwardly extending edge 115, 117 of the sidewall 103 of the first embodiment may be located axially inwardly of the axial edges 115, 117 of the sidewall 103 of the second embodiment. In the embodiment, at least one protrusion 120 extends or protrudes radially outward from the side wall 103. In one embodiment, at least one protrusion 120 may extend radially outward from the sidewall 103. In one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. Another protrusion 120 is oriented circumferentially downward on the side wall 103 of the tolerance ring. In an alternative embodiment, the at least one protrusion 120 may include a tolerance. The protrusions 120 may be oriented axially below the sidewall 103 of the ring. In one embodiment, the protrusion 120 may extend away from the central axis 600. In one embodiment, the protrusions 120 may be self-contained individual pieces. May be a separate structure, retaining grease applied prior to assembly to reduce subsequent leakage Or it may be minimized.

[0027] As shown, the tolerance ring 100 may include a row or series of protrusions 120. In other embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 may have two rows or series of projections 120 or , three rows or three series of protrusions 120, etc. Furthermore, the total number N WS may be ≥ 3, such as ≥ 4, ≥ 5, ≥ 6, ≥ 7, ≥ 8, or ≥ 9 in each column. Furthermore, N WS ≦30, ≦25, ≦20, or ≦15. WS is the above mentioned N WS It can be within a range between and including any of the values.

[0028] In one embodiment, the plurality of protrusions 120 are arranged in at least two circumferentially extending rows. In certain embodiments, the plurality of protrusions 120 may be arranged in a number of groups, each group consisting of at least four protrusions. at least one circumferentially extending row, at least five circumferentially extending rows, or even at least They may be arranged in at least three circumferentially extending rows, such as six circumferentially extending rows. In other embodiments, the plurality of projections 120 may be arranged in 15 or fewer circumferentially extending rows, 10 or fewer 25 or fewer circumferentially extending rows, such as 10 or fewer circumferentially extending rows, or even 7 or fewer circumferentially extending rows. The electrodes can be arranged in rows extending in the direction.

[0029] In one embodiment, the protrusions 120 may each define an axially diverging line. In one embodiment, the axial diverging lines of at least two of the protrusions 120 are That is, at least two of the protrusions 120 can be oriented parallel to each other. In a more particular embodiment, all of the protrusions 120 can be oriented flush with one another. It can be oriented in rows.

[0030] In one embodiment, at least two protrusions 120 are arranged in different directions from the sidewall 103. In a more particular embodiment, at least two protrusions 120 can extend in opposite radial directions from the inner side wall portion 103a and the outer side wall portion 103b. In a more particular embodiment, the at least two protrusions 120 are arranged in opposing axial directions. In one embodiment, the at least two protrusions 120 can extend from each other. That is, the sides of at least two of the protrusions 120 can extend in a direction away from each other. may be closer to each other than other portions of the protrusion 120.

[0031] Each protrusion 120 defines an aspect ratio measured by its length compared to its width. The length of the protrusion 120 can be determined by the length of the protrusion 120 in the axial or circumferential direction. The width of a protrusion may be defined as the greater of its length and width in the axial or circumferential direction. In one embodiment, the length of the protrusion 120 may be defined as the smaller dimension of the length or width of the protrusion 120. At least one of the protrusions 120 has a ratio of at least 1.5:1, at least 2:1 , at least 3:1, at least 4:1, at least 5:1, or even at least 10 In one embodiment, the aspect ratio may be at least 1.1:1, such as 1:1. In the above, the aspect ratio is preferably less than 100:1, such as less than 50:1, or even less than 25:1. It can be below.

[0032] The protrusions 120 are formed by, for example, stamping, pressing, punching, cutting, etc. In one embodiment, at least one of the protrusions 120 may be formed by a process such as , before the sidewall portion 103 is formed, for example, before the flat sheet is rolled to form the sidewall portion 103. In one embodiment, at least one of the protrusions 120 may form a sidewall 103. For example, it may be formed after a flat sheet is rolled to form the sidewalls 103 .

[0033] In one embodiment, at least two of the protrusions 120 have the same geometric shape relative to one another. In a further embodiment, all of the protrusions 120 may have a shape or size that is greater than or equal to one another. In other embodiments, the protrusions 120 may have the same geometric shape or size. At least two may have different geometric shapes or sizes relative to each other. In the embodiment, all of the protrusions 120 may have different geometric shapes or sizes relative to each other. do.

[0034] The protrusions 120 may be carefully selected and designed for force transmission or spring material properties. The geometry of 120 may be selected to provide desired elastic / plastic deformation properties. For example, At least one of the protrusions 120 is moved in a direction that changes the rotational or axial movement of the protrusions 120. The deformation characteristics may vary from inner to outer protrusions 120. In addition to considering the material tolerances during manufacturing of the side members 302 and 306, By selecting the material so as to compensate for the differential thermal expansion and wear that may occur in the These designs can ensure that the assembled parts 302, Zero clearance tolerance ring to ensure 306 does not loosen at elevated temperatures 100 is applicable.

[0035] As best shown in FIGS. 1-3, the protrusions 120 may have a polygonal cross-section. In some embodiments, the protrusions 120 may have a polygonal, circular, or semicircular cross-section. In some embodiments, the protrusion 120 has at least one shoulder or At least one of the corrugations 230 may include a corrugation without a shoulder. Length L W In some embodiments, each corrugated structure 230 may include a corrugated a first corrugated side 242 on a first side of the corrugated body 240; and a second corrugated side 244 on a second side of the corrugated body opposite the first corrugation side 242. The corrugated body 240 extends between the upper non-forming band 220 and the lower non-forming band 222. Each corrugated body 240 may include a generally arcuate shaped structure that forms a plateau 250. The generally arcuate shaped portion extends between the upper non-forming band 220 and the lower non-forming band 102. The corrugated structure 230 may include a first shoulder 246 and a second shoulder 247. The corrugated structure may have a first shoulder 246 and a second shoulder 248. 1 so as to extend axially, or the first shoulder 246 and second shoulder 248 may be oriented to extend radially. In the embodiment, the protrusion 120 is formed by a smaller upper non-forming band 220 and a lower non-forming band 22 2 and may include a flat plateau portion 250.

[0036] As best shown in FIG. 3, each corrugated body 240 may have a corrugated side 24 depending on the embodiment. 2, a generally rectangular footprint that represents the periphery or shape of the corrugated body 240 prior to formation of 244. The footprint 252 may include a non-forming band 220, 222 and , and may be surrounded by adjacent non-forming portions 224. The footprint 252 may define a radial edge of a footprint length L WBF and, Footprint width W WBF The protrusion 120 or the plateau 250 may have Height H measured from the side wall 103 to the top of the protrusion 120 or the plateau 250 P Have In certain embodiments, the outer radius R R2 is the height H of the protrusion 120 or the elevated portion 250 P To It can be based on H P is ≦4%R R2 , ≦3%R R2 , ≦2%R R2 , or ≦1% R R2 Such as ≦5%R R2 It can be said that H P is ≧0.2%R R2 , ≧0.3 %R R2 , ≧0.4%R R2 , or ≧0.5%R R2 Such as ≧0.1%R R2 Toshiko Furthermore, H P is the above %R R2 The range is between and including any of the values. Each corrugated side 242, 244 has a length L WS It can include L WS ≧101%L WBF , ≧102%L WBF , ≧103%L WBF , ≧104%L WB F , or ≧105%L WBF Such as ≧L WBF It can be said that L WS Also, ≦ 120%L WBF , ≦115%L WBF , or ≦110%L WBF Such as ≦125%L WBFFurthermore, L WS is the above %L WBF Between any of the values The range may be inclusive of the above.

[0037] The corrugated sides 242, 244 are spaced apart from the outermost vertical edge 260 of the first corrugated side 242 and the outermost vertical edge 262 of the second corrugated side 244. Overall width W measured between the outermost vertical edges 262 of 244 WS It can include W WS ≧101%W WBF , ≧102%W WBF , ≧103%W WBF , ≧104%W WB F , or ≧ 105%W WBF Such as ≧W WBF Furthermore, W WS teeth, ≦145%W WBF , ≦140%W WBF , ≦135%W WBF , ≦130%W WBF , Or ≦125%W WBF Such as ≦150%W WBF Furthermore, W WS is the above %W WBF It can be within a range between and including any of the values.

[0038] In certain embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 3, each corrugated body 240 has a The bottom width W measured at the interface between the upper non-forming band 220 or the lower non-forming band 222 W BB , and the apex width W measured at the apex of each corrugated body 240 WBP Equipped with. WBP teeth , ≦75%W WBB , ≦70%W WBB , ≦65%W WBB , ≦60%W WBB , ≦55 %WWBB , or ≦50%W WBB Such as ≦W WBB In another aspect, Hey, W WBP ≧30%W WBB , ≧35%W WBB , or ≧40%W WBB Toi ≧25%W WBB Furthermore, W WBP is the above 5%W WBB Value It may be within any range therebetween and inclusive.

[0039] The footprint 250 of the corrugated body 240 is H WBF ×W WBF Area A is equal to FP of Both corrugated sides 242, 244 may include non-formed portions in each corrugation structure 230. The total area is equal to the surface area of ​​material removed or altered from the corrugated body 240 and the portion 224. A WS It can include. WS ≦80%A FP , ≦75%A FP , ≦70%A F P , ≦65%A FP , or ≦60%A FP Such as ≦A FP Other forms can be used. In regards to A WS ≧25%A FP , ≧30%A FP , ≧35%A FP , ≧40%A FP , ≧45%A FP , or ≧50%A FP Furthermore, A WS is the above %A FP It can be within a range between and including any of the values.

[0040] In another embodiment, A WS is the footprint of the waveform body A OFP and the overlapping area , one or more non-formed portions, an upper non-formed band, a lower non-formed band, or a combination thereof. A OU and an overlapping area. OU ≦45%A OFP , ≦40%A OFP , ≦35%A OFP , ≦30%A OFP , or ≦25%A OFP Such as ≦A OFP Let's say Furthermore, A OU ≧2%A OFP , ≧3%A OFP , ≧4%A OFP ,also is ≧5%A OFP Such as ≧1%A OFP It can be said that. A OU is the above %A OF P It can be within a range between and including any of the values.

[0041] In yet another embodiment, A OU ≦30%A WS , ≦25%A WS , ≦20%A WS , or ≦15%A WS Such as ≦A WS In addition, A OU ≧2%A WS , ≧3%A WS , ≧4%A WS , or ≧ 5%A WS Such as ≧1%A WS To A OU is the above %A WS Between and within the range of values can be done.

[0042] In another embodiment, A OFP ≧75%A WS , ≧80%A WS , or ≧85%A W S Such as ≧70%A WS Furthermore, A OFP ≦99%A WS ,≦ 98%A WS , ≦97%A WS , ≦96%A WS , or ≦95%A WS Such as ≦A WS It can be said that. A OFP is the above A WS Between and including any of the values It can be said that:

[0043] FIG. 3 illustrates that each corrugated side 242, 244 is adjacent to the first portion of the corrugated body 240. and inner arcuate ends 270, 272 that define a first side edge and a second side edge. Each arcuate end 270, 272 has a thickness of ≧101%H WBF , ≧102%H WBF , ≧10 3%H WBF , ≧104%H WBF , or ≧105%H WBF Such as ≧H WBF Let's say The arc length L that can be AE and L AE In another embodiment, L AE ≦175%H WBF , ≦150%H WBF , ≦145%H WBF , ≦140%H WB F , ≦135%H WBF , ≦130%H WBF , or ≦125%H WBF Such as ≦20 0%H WBF It can be said that LAE Also, the above %H WBF Between any of the values ​​and It may be within the range inclusive.

[0044] In another embodiment, each non-forming portion 224 has a length of W WBB Approximately the same width W US Can contain In this embodiment, W US ≧65%W WBB , ≧70%W WBB , ≧75%W WBB , ≧80%W WBB , ≧85%W WBB , ≧90%W WBB , ≧95%W WBB , ≧96%W WBB , ≧97%W WBB , ≧98%W WBB , ≥99%W WBB , or ≧1 00%W WBB Such as ≧60%W WBB Furthermore, W US is ≦12 0%W WBB , ≦115%W WBB , ≦110%W WBB , ≦105%W WBB , ≦10 4%W WBB , ≦103%W WBB , ≦102%W WBB , or ≦101%W WBB Toi ≦125%W WBB It can be said that W US Also, the above %W WBB Any of the values The range may be between and inclusive of these.

[0045] 5A-5B are diagrams illustrating the tolerance ring 10 shown in FIGS. 1-3 according to some embodiments. Assembly 2 is shown incorporating a housing 10. Assembly 2 may include, but is not limited to, a housing 10. The outer member 302 further includes an outer member 302, such as a ring. The outer member 302 extends along a central axis 600. The outer member 302 may have one axial end 305 and a second axial end 307. A bore 30 is formed to receive an inner member 306, such as, but not limited to, a stator. The bore 304 may include at least one radial or axial portion relative to the central axis 600. The inner member 306 may have a first axial end 315 and a second axial end 317. In some embodiments, the inner member 306 generates heat. The member 306 may be part of a subassembly that generates heat through radiation, conduction, or convection. The tolerance ring 100 is used to provide a fit between the outer member 302 and the inner member 306. The tolerance ring 100 may be used in the assembly 2 as an inner or outer member 302, 303. When the components 302, 306 are attached to the other components 302, 306, the protrusions 120 act as guides to aid in axial placement of the other components 302, 306. In some embodiments, the protrusions 12 of the tolerance ring 100 may act as guides. 0 points radially outward in assembly 2 toward the housing or outer member 302 In some embodiments, the protrusions 120 of the tolerance ring 100 may be Assembly 2 may face radially inward toward inner member 306 or toward inner member 306. The rotor 2 may also include a rotor 350. The rotor 350 is aligned along a central axis 600. The rotor 350 may have a first axial end 355 and a second axial end 357. The rotor 350 may include a hub 351 and a plurality of blades 352. Rotating or moving within bore 304 creates or produces torque about the rotor axis. Electrical assemblies (including but not limited to alternator assemblies) and motors In assemblies such as engine assemblies, clutch assemblies, and retention mechanisms It can also be used to generate electricity.

[0046] In some embodiments, the annular gap 206 is formed between the outer surface 308 of the inner member 306 and The size of the annular gap 206 may be between the inner surface 310 of the bore 304 and the inner The diameter of member 306 and bore 304 may vary within the tolerance ring dimensions listed above. In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 includes an inner member 306 and the outer member 302, and is radially compressed outward and Adapted to apply an inward radial force to the inner member 306 to maintain their relative position. The inner radius R R1 and outer radius R R2 In some embodiments, the tolerance The sling 100 is not secured to at least one of the inner member 306 or the outer member 302. In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 may be a form fit, a pressure fit, or a combination of both. or via a bond (including but not limited to an adhesive bond) to the inner member 306 or The adhesive may be fixed to at least one of the outer members 302. Not limited to, but includes fluoropolymers, epoxy resins, polyimide resins, polyether / polyamide resins copolymer, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), E TFE copolymer, perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), or any combination thereof Within bore 304 may include any known adhesive material common in the annular member art. To prevent the inner member 306 from vibrating at the annular gap 206, a tolerance ring 10 is provided in the annular gap 206. 0 can be embedded to create a zero clearance fit between the components. , the gap between the parts 302 and 306 in the assembly 2 is zeroed so that there is no clearance between them. It can be reduced to b.

[0047] In one embodiment, the outer member 302 comprises a rotating electric motor, generator, or alternator. The material may include any material commonly used in the art of inerter assemblies. The outer member 302 may be any suitable material having sufficient rigidity to withstand axial and longitudinal forces. In certain embodiments, the outer member 302 is injection molded. In another embodiment, the outer member 302 may comprise a machined polymer. Metals or alloys formed by processes, including but not limited to aluminum, zinc, Copper, magnesium, tin, platinum, titanium, tungsten, lead, iron, bronze, steel, spring steel, In yet another embodiment, the outer member 302 may comprise a The outer member 302 may comprise a single one part, two parts, or a joint made by welding, adhesive, fasteners, threading or any other suitable fastening means. It may be made of several parts joined together by steps.

[0048] In one embodiment, the outer member 302 is at least 5 mm away from the central axis 600. At least 10mm, at least 15mm, at least 20mm, at least 30mm, Inner radius R of at least 40 mm OC1 The inner radius R OC1 5mm or less, 10m It can be less than m, less than 15 mm, less than 20 mm, less than 30 mm, and less than 40 mm. outer member 302 is at least 5 mm, at least 10 mm, at least 15 mm, at least 2 0mm, at least 30mm, at least 40mm outer radius R OC2 The outer radius R OC2 is 5mm or less, 10mm or less, 15mm or less, 20mm or less, 30mm or less, It can be 40mm or less.

[0049] In one embodiment, the outer member 302 is 5 mm long, measured between the axial ends 115, 117. Shafts of m or less, 10mm or less, 15mm or less, 20mm or less, 30mm or less, and 40mm or less Direction length L OC The outer member 302 may have a length between the axial ends 115, 117. Measured at least 5 mm, at least 10 mm, at least 15 mm, at least 2 0 mm, at least 30 mm, at least 40 mm axial length L OC It is possible to have Inner radius R OC1 is the axial length L OC The outer radius R OC2 is the axis Direction length L OC can vary along the

[0050] In one embodiment, the inner member 306 is a rotating electric motor, generator, or alternator. The material may include any material commonly used in the art of inerter assemblies. The inner member 306 may be any suitable material having sufficient rigidity to withstand axial and longitudinal forces. In certain embodiments, the inner member 306 is injection molded. In another embodiment, the inner member 306 may comprise a machined polymer. Metals or alloys formed by processes, including but not limited to aluminum, zinc, Copper, magnesium, tin, platinum, titanium, tungsten, lead, iron, bronze, steel, spring steel, In yet another embodiment, the inner member 306 may comprise a The inner member 306 may comprise a single one part, two parts, or a joint made by welding, adhesive, fasteners, threading or any other suitable fastening means. It may be made of several parts joined together by steps.

[0051] In one embodiment, the inner member 306 is at least 5 mm away from the central axis 600. At least 10mm, at least 15mm, at least 20mm, at least 30mm, Inner radius R of at least 40 mm IC1 The inner radius R IC1 5mm or less, 10m m or less, 15 mm or less, 20 mm or less, 30 mm or less, or 40 mm or less. 306 is at least 5mm, at least 10mm, at least 15mm, at least 2 0mm, at least 30mm, at least 40mm outer radius R IC2 The outer radius R IC2 is 5mm or less, 10mm or less, 15mm or less, 20mm or less, 30mm or less, It can be 40mm or less.

[0052] In one embodiment, the inner member 306 is 5 mm long, measured between the axial ends 115, 117. Shafts of m or less, 10mm or less, 15mm or less, 20mm or less, 30mm or less, and 40mm or less Direction length L IC The inner member 306 may have a length between the axial ends 115, 117. Measured at least 5 mm, at least 10 mm, at least 15 mm, at least 2 0 mm, at least 30 mm, at least 40 mm axial length LIC It is possible to have Inner radius R IC1 is the axial length L IC The outer radius R OC2 is the axis Direction length L IC can vary along the

[0053] In use, the band 102 of the tolerance ring 100 is attached to the part 302 in the assembly 2. , 306. The other of the components 302, 306 may be elastically deformable when disposed between the components 302, 306. The tolerance ring is compressed in the gap 206 between 302 and 306, preferably at the protrusion 1 The assembly 2 may be mounted such that only the projection 120 is deformed. This deformation is due to the shape of the projection 120. Depending on the shape and / or profile and the size of the gap 206, it may be elastic or plastic. do.

[0054] In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 (including the substrate 119 and the coating layer 104) In some embodiments, the inner member 306 and the outer member 302 may be thermally conductive. In this form, the thermal conductivity is 1000W / m 2 K or less, 750W / m 2 K or less, 500W / m 2 K or less, 400W / m 2 K or less, 300W / m 2 K or less, 250W / m 2 Below K, 200W / m 2 K or less, 150W / m 2 K or less, 125W / m 2 K or less, 100W / m 2 K or less, 75W / m 2 K or less, 50W / m 2 K or less, 25W / m 2 K or less, 10W / m 2 K or less, or 5W / m 2In some embodiments, the thermal conductivity is at least At least 10W / m 2 K, at least 25 W / m 2 K, at least 50 W / m 2 K, less Both 75W / m 2 K, at least 100 W / m 2 K, at least 125 W / m 2 K, small At least 150W / m 2 K, at least 200 W / m 2 K, at least 250 W / m 2 K, At least 300W / m 2 K, at least 400 W / m 2 K, at least 500 W / m 2 K, at least 750 W / m 2 K, at least 1000 W / m 2 K, at least 1500 W / m 2 In some embodiments, the thermal conductivity may be at least 300 W / m 2 K and 600W / m 2 It can be in the range of K or less.

[0055] In some embodiments, the cover layer 104 (thermally enhancing layer 104a or retaining layer 104b) At least one of them is provided between the inner member 306 and the outer member 302 to provide thermal conductivity. In some embodiments, the contact conductance is 1000 W / m K or less. 750W / m·K or less, 500W / m·K or less, 400W / m·K or less, 300W / m· K or less, 250W / m K or less, 200W / m K or less, 150W / m K or less, 125 W / m K or less, 100 W / m K or less, 75 W / m K or less, 50 W / m K or less, 2 5W / m·K or less, 10W / m 2 K or less, or 5 W / m K or less. In the form, the thermal conductivity is at least 10 W / m K, at least 25 W / m K, At least 50W / m K, at least 75W / m K, at least 100W / m K, At least 125W / m K, at least 150W / m K, at least 200W / m K , at least 250W / m K, at least 300W / m K, at least 400W / m ·K, at least 500W / m·K, at least 750W / m·K, at least 1000 In some embodiments, the thermal conductivity may be at least 1500 W / m K. The conductivity may be in the range of at least 300 W / m·K and up to 600 W / m·K.

[0056] In some embodiments, the cover layer 104 (thermally enhancing layer 104a or retaining layer 104b) In some embodiments, the hardness of the at least one of the hardness values ​​may be a Vickers hardness. , Vickers hardness is 600VPM or less, 550VPM or less, 500VPM or less, 450 VPM or less, 400VPM or less, 350VPM or less, 300VPM or less, 325VPM or more Lower, 315VPM or less, 300VPM or less, 250VPM or less, 200VPM or less, 15 It may be 0 VPM or less, 100 VPM or less, or 50 VPM or less. The Vickers hardness is at least 50 VPM, at least 75 VPM, at least 1 00VPM, at least 150VPM, at least 200VPM, at least 250VP M, at least 300VPM, at least 350VPM, at least 400VPM, at least At least 450VPM, at least 500VPM, at least 550VPM, at least 6 00 VPM, at least 650 VPM, or at least 700 VPM. In this state, the Vickers hardness is within a range of at least 300 VPM and not more than 400 VPM. It is possible.

[0057] In one embodiment, the tolerance ring 100 is configured to have a thickness of about 100 mm relative to the member 306 and the outer member 302. At least 2kgf, at least 3kgf, at least 4kgf, or less in the longitudinal direction. At least 5kgf, at least 10kgf, or even at least 15kgf Assembly force A of at least 1kgf f The assembly 2 can be installed or assembled by In further embodiments, the assembly 2 has a weight of 19 kgf or less, 18 kgf or less, 17 kgf or less. Assembly force A of 20 kg or less, such as 16 kgf or less f Installed by can be assembled.

[0058] In one embodiment, the tolerance ring 100 is configured to have a thickness of about 100 mm relative to the member 306 and the outer member 302. At least 2kgf, at least 3kgf, at least 4kgf, or less in the longitudinal direction. At least 5kgf, at least 10kgf, or even at least 15kgf Holding force R of at least 1kgf f In a further embodiment, The sling 100 may be rated at 19 kgf or less, 18 kgf or less, 17 kgf or less, or even 16 kgf or less, i.e. holding force R of 20 kg or less f In some embodiments, In R f >0.2A f , R f >0.3A f , R f >0.4A f , R f >0.5A f , R f >0.6Af , R f >0.7A f , R f >0.8A f , R f >0.9A f , or R f >1A f R f >0.1A f It is.

[0059] In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 (including the substrate 119 and the coating layer 104) (including) is at least 10%, at least 2% between the inner member 306 and the outer member 302 5%, at least 35%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 92%, at least 95%, at least 97%, at least 99%, At least 5% of the annular contact surface, such as at least 99.5%, or at least 99.9% In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 (including the substrate 119 and The thickness of the inner member 306 and the outer member 302 (including the coating layer 104) is 99.5% or less. 99% or less, 97% or less, 95% or less, 92% or less, 90% or less, 85% or less, 80% or less lower, 75% or less, 70% or less, 65% or less, 60% or less, 50% or less, 35% or less, 25 %, 10% or less, or 5% or less. In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 (including the substrate 119 and the coating layer 104) The amount of the air gap between the inner member 306 and the outer member 302 is within the range of 70% to 99.5%. The contact area ratio may be as shown in FIG.

[0060] In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 (including the substrate 119 and the coating layer 104) (including) is the outer member 302 and 0.9 or less, 0.8 or less, 0.7 or less, 0.6 or less, 0. 0.95, such as 0.5 or less, 0.4 or less, 0.3 or less, 0.2 or less, or even 0.1 or less In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 (substrate 119 and the coating layer 104) and the outer member 302 have a thickness of 0.07 or more, 0.1 or more, 0 0.05 or greater, such as 0.15 or greater, 0.2 or greater, 0.25 or greater, or even 0.3 or greater In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 (substrate 119 and the coating layer 104) with the outer member 302 has a friction coefficient in the range of 0.12 to 0.95. It may have several μ.

[0061] In some embodiments, the cover layer 104 (including at least the retainer layer 104b) has an outer Side member 302 and 0.9 or less, 0.8 or less, 0.7 or less, 0.6 or less, 0.5 or less, 0. A friction coefficient of 0.95 or less, such as 0.4 or less, 0.3 or less, 0.2 or less, or even 0.1 or less In some embodiments, the cover layer 104 (at least the retainer layer 104 b) is an outer member 302 and is 0.07 or more, 0.1 or more, 0.15 or more, 0.2 or less The friction coefficient may be 0.05 or greater, such as 0.25 or greater, or even 0.3 or greater. In some embodiments, the cover layer 104 (including at least the retainer layer 104b) is The member 302 may have a coefficient of friction μ1 in the range of 0.12 to 0.95.

[0062] In some embodiments, the substrate 119 has a thickness of 0.9 or less, 0.8 or less, and a thickness of 100 or less. below, 0.7 or less, 0.6 or less, 0.5 or less, 0.4 or less, 0.3 or less, 0.2 or less, or It may even have a coefficient of friction μ2 of 0.95 or less, such as 0.1 or less. In the present embodiment, the substrate 119 has a thickness of 0.07 or more, 0.1 or more, 0.15 or more, or A friction coefficient μ2 of 0.05 or more, such as 0.2 or more, 0.25 or more, or even 0.3 or more In some embodiments, the substrate 119 may have an outer member 302 and a thickness of 0.12 to 1.0 mm. In some embodiments, μ>μ, μ1>1.1μ2, μ1>1.2μ2, μ1>1.5μ2, μ1>2μ2, or μ1>3 μ1>μ2, such as μ2.

[0063] In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 (including the substrate 119 and the coating layer 104) (including) is at least about 2 microns, or about 5 microns, at least about 10 microns, or It further has a surface roughness of at least about 1 micron, such as at least about 100 microns. The surface of the tolerance ring 100 (including the substrate 119 and the coating layer 104) The roughness is about 150 microns or less, about 100 microns or less, or even about 80 microns or less. In some embodiments, the thickness of the trella may be about 200 microns or less. The sling 100 (including the substrate 119 and the coating layer 104) has a thickness in the range of 1 to 100 microns. The surface roughness may be within the range of 0.1 to 100 nm.

[0064] In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 includes an inner or outer member 302, 3 For example, the tolerance ring 100 may be secured to one of the elastic gripping members 06 of the band 102. In this example, the cover layer 104 may be secured or held to the inner member 306 by a The protrusions 120 are provided only on the inner surface of the band 102, and extend from the band 102, e.g. The outer surface of the side member 302 may extend radially outward toward the side member 302. may not have a cover layer 104, which provides more resistance to relative motion. Unwanted movement of the tolerance ring 100 within the bore 304 may be prevented. Additionally, unwanted vibrations within the bore 304 of the outer member 302 or the inner member 306 may be prevented. In some embodiments, the interface between the outer member 302 and the outer surface of the band 102 may include a has sufficient friction to hold the tolerance ring 100 in place against the outer member 302. The tolerance ring 100 has a contact area between its surface and the band 102. The frictional engagement between the outer member 302 and the inner member 306 allows the outer member 302 to be fixed to the inner member 306. 306 between the outer member 302 and the inner member 306 for fitting the tolerance ring 100. The radial, axial or circumferential movement is very small, nearly nonexistent or nonexistent. A unidirectional compression is applied.

[0065] The tolerance ring 100 provides the spring member characteristics required for the particular force control application for which it is intended. This allows the tolerance ring to be formed with a protrusion 120 that can be designed to The range of typical performance achieved by variations in the tolerance ring geometry alone is It can be designed to satisfy force control functions that are not possible within the

[0066] Typically, the mating members of the assembly 2 and the protrusions 120 of the tolerance ring are The projections 120 themselves have dimensional variability within a given tolerance. The amount, and therefore the forces generated within the assembly 2, may vary from assembly to assembly. However, when the protrusions 120 are compressed beyond their "elastic region", they become increasingly The material behaves more plastically and limits the further increase in force due to further compression. This effect is If the parts 120 are designed to be compressed into their "plastic region", the tolerance ring The slider 100 applies sliding force control (either axial or rotational) to control the force change caused by compression fluctuation. This can be important when trying to minimize movement.

[0067] As mentioned above, the protrusions 120 are positioned to protrude away from the band 102. There may be multiple separate contact surfaces with one of the side and outer members 302, 306. The protrusions 120 may be configured to deform or compress, which dissipates the load forces inward and outward. A separate joint that transmits radially within the tolerance ring 100 between the members 302, 306 The shape and size of each protrusion 120 may be determined based on the particular application. In some embodiments, the protrusions 120 may be located on the inner and outer members 30. 2, 306 and provide radial stiffness therebetween. In some variations, the trailer may be capable of transmitting directional forces (e.g., 200 N or more). The tension sling protrusions 120 are designed to provide a tension force of approximately 1200 N / m between the inner and outer members 302, 306. m or more, approximately 1300N / mm or more, approximately 1500N / mm or more, approximately 1700N / mm or more, Approx. 2000N / mm or more, Approx. 2100N / mm or more, Approx. 2200N / mm or more, Approx. 230 0N / mm or more, approximately 2400N / mm or more, approximately 2500N / mm or more, approximately 3000N / m m or more, about 1100 N / mm, about 3500 N / mm, or even about 4000 N / mm or more In yet another embodiment, the radial stiffness may be about 1000 N / mm or more, such as about 1000 N / mm or more. In the embodiment, the tolerance ring projection 120 is disposed between the inner and outer members 302, 306 at approximately 7000N / mm or less, approximately 6500N / mm or less, approximately 6000N / mm or less, approximately 5500 N / mm or less, or even about 7500 N / mm or less, such as about 5000 N / mm or less Each protrusion 120 may provide directional stiffness. The footprint area may be relatively small, and the covering layer 104 At the same time, frictional force is reduced.

[0068] According to yet another aspect, a method includes providing an inner member 306 and an outer member 302. The method includes forming a tolerance ring 100 from an inner member 306 and an outer member 30 2, and the tolerance ring is disposed radially inward or radially outward. The tolerance ring has a plurality of protrusions protruding outwardly, and the tolerance ring is connected to the substrate, the thermal improvement layer, and the protection layer. and a coating layer including at least one of the support layers, the thermal enhancement layer having: i) a bit width of <400 VPM; or ii) a thermal conductivity of >100 W / m K, The sling provides: a) heat transfer between the inner and outer members; and b) friction between the retaining layer and the outer member. A coefficient μ1 and a coefficient of friction μ2 between the substrate and the outer member are given, and μ1>μ2, or c ) Holding force R between the inner and outer members f , and at least one of The assembly is performed with the assembly force A. f R f >0.1A f It is.

[0069] In some embodiments, the assembly 2 has low weight and space requirements; good damping of impacts, shocks and vibrations of the assembly 2; low installation and maintenance effort reduction in part count or part complexity; tighter tolerance requirements; simpler assembly procedures; A simple mechanism; joint stiffness that isolates the bearings (paliers) from the vibrations of the stator reduced wear; improved magnetic noise quality; grease-free operation; or corrosion resistance It differentiates itself from commonly used sliding or rotating assemblies by providing In some embodiments, the tolerance ring 100 includes an inner member 306 and an outer member 308. By filling the microcavities on the surface of the member 302 with the coating layer 104 of the tolerance ring 100, Thus, and / or by changing the shape of the protrusion 120, the inner member 306 or the outer member 30 By creating more contact with at least one of the two, the tolerance ring Increasing the joint conductivity between the components can provide improved heat transfer. In one embodiment, the tolerance ring 100 is configured to be attached to the inner member 306 or the inner member 306 during use of the assembly 2. Application of the coating layer 104 to at least one of the outer members 302 provides a coating layer 104 that is This may provide improved retention with at least one of the side members 302 .

[0070] Many different aspects and embodiments are possible. Some of these aspects and embodiments are listed below. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art will understand these aspects and embodiments in a simple manner. It will be understood that the following embodiments are illustrative and not limiting of the scope of the present invention. The embodiment may be according to one or more of the above-mentioned embodiments.

[0071] Example 1: Substrate with Vickers hardness <400 VPM or thermal conductivity >100 W / m K and a coating layer having a thermal enhancement layer having at least one of the properties. The thermal improvement layer is provided with a plurality of protrusions protruding inward or outward in the radial direction. A tolerance ring defining a portion of an exterior surface of the tolerance ring. Embodiment 2: An inner member, an outer member, and a tolerance plate disposed between the inner member and the outer member. and a sling, the tolerance ring being disposed radially inward or radially outward. The tolerance ring has a substrate and a cover layer having a retention layer. a) a tolerance ring having a friction coefficient μ1 between the retaining layer and the outer member and a base material A friction coefficient μ2 is applied between the outer member and the outer member, and μ1>μ2, or b) a tolerance ring The gasket has a holding force R between the inner and outer members. f and the assembly is subjected to an assembly force A f of Yes, R f >0.1A f That is, the assembly. Embodiment 3: A heat generating inner member, an outer member, and a heat generating device disposed between the inner member and the outer member. and a tolerance ring, the tolerance ring being disposed radially inward or The tolerance ring has a plurality of protrusions protruding radially outward, and the tolerance ring is connected to the substrate, the thermal improvement layer, and and a coating layer having a retaining layer, the thermal enhancement layer having: i) a Vickers hardness of <400 VPM; or ii) at least one of a thermal conductivity of >100 W / m K and a tolerance ring , providing heat transfer between the inner member and the outer member, and a tolerance ring; A friction coefficient μ1 is applied between the support layer and the outer member, and a friction coefficient μ2 is applied between the base material and the outer member. and μ1>μ2, and the tolerance ring has a retention force R between the inner and outer members. f of The assembly is performed by applying an assembly force A. f R f >0.1A f That is, the assembly. Embodiment 4: The thermal enhancement layer has a Vickers hardness of <400 VPM and a hardness of >100 W / m K. The tolerance ring according to any one of embodiments 1 and 3, is assembly. Embodiment 5: The transmission according to any one of embodiments 1 to 4, in which the protruding portion protrudes radially outward. Tolerance ring or assembly. Embodiment 6: R f >0.4A f , R f >0.5A f , R f >0.6A f , R f >0.7A f , R f >0.8A f , R f >0.9A f or R f >1A f R f >0.35A f The assembly according to any one of embodiments 2 to 5, wherein Embodiment 7: Embodiment 2, in which the inner member comprises a stator and the outer member comprises a housing Assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 6. Embodiment 8: Any one of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the covering layer comprises a deposited coating. Item 14. A tolerance ring or assembly according to item 13. Embodiment 9: The method of any one of embodiments 1 to 8, wherein the coating layer comprises a cladding. tolerance ring or assembly. Embodiment 10: The tolerance of any one of embodiments 1 to 9, wherein the substrate comprises steel. Ring or assembly. Embodiment 11: The trailer of embodiment 10, wherein the metal comprises carbon steel or stainless steel. sling or assembly. Embodiment 12: The thermal enhancement layer is made of zinc, copper, magnesium, nickel, tin, lead, aluminum. Any of the first to eleventh embodiments, comprising a metal comprising at least one of aluminum or an alloy thereof. 3. The tolerance ring or assembly according to claim 1 . Embodiment 13: The coating layer has a thickness in the range of 10 microns to 200 microns. 13. The tolerance ring or assembly according to any one of aspects 1 to 12. Embodiment 14: An embodiment in which the substrate has a thickness in the range of 0.075 mm to 0.8 mm. 14. The tolerance ring or assembly according to any one of 1 to 13. Embodiment 15: A practical embodiment in which the tolerance ring has an outer radius in the range of 3 mm to 150 mm. The tolerance ring or assembly according to any one of embodiments 1 to 14. Embodiment 16: Any of embodiments 1 to 15, wherein the tolerance ring has an axial gap. 11. The tolerance ring or assembly of claim 1. Embodiment 17: The tolerance ring has a length in the range of 6 mm to 250 mm. 17. The tolerance ring or assembly according to any one of aspects 1 to 16. Embodiment 18: The protrusion deforms between the inner member and the outer member, as in any one of embodiments 1 to 1. 8. A tolerance ring or assembly according to any one of claims 7 to 7.

[0072] This specification uses examples, including the best mode, but is not intended to be limiting of the scope of the invention. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. The present invention is defined by the claims and may include other examples that may occur to one of ordinary skill in the art. If they have structural elements that are not different from the claim language, or if they If the difference between the literal and the structural elements is insubstantial, the claim is considered to be within the scope of the claim. For example, embodiments may be used in windshield wiper motors and tolerance ring controllers. It may relate to rotating devices such as electric motors, axial sliding applications such as ram adjustment mechanisms, etc.

[0073] Although only certain embodiments have been shown and described herein, they are not intended to be limiting. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. It will be clear to

Claims

1. A substrate; At least one of Vickers hardness < 400 VPM or thermal conductivity > 100 W / m K a coating layer comprising a thermal enhancement layer comprising A tolerance ring comprising: A plurality of protrusions protruding radially inward or radially outward are provided, The thermal enhancement layer defines a portion of an outer surface of the tolerance ring. ng.

2. An inner member; An outer member; a tolerance ring disposed between the inner member and the outer member; An assembly comprising: The tolerance ring includes a plurality of protrusions protruding radially inward or radially outward, The tolerance ring is A substrate; a covering layer having a retaining layer; a) the tolerance ring has a coefficient of friction μ between the retainer layer and the outer member; １ and before The coefficient of friction μ between the substrate and the outer member ２ Add μ １ >μ ２ or b) the tolerance ring exerts a retention force R between the inner member and the outer member; ｆ Grant The assembly is assembled with an assembly force A ｆ With R ｆ >0.1A ｆ That is, the assembly.

3. A heat generating inner member; An outer member; a tolerance ring disposed between the inner member and the outer member; An assembly comprising: The tolerance ring includes a plurality of protrusions protruding radially inward or radially outward, The tolerance ring is A substrate; a coating layer comprising a thermal enhancement layer and a retention layer; The thermal enhancement layer has: i) a Vickers hardness of <400 VPM; or ii) >100 W / m. and wherein the tolerance ring has at least one of a thermal conductivity of 0.1 to 0.5 K and a thermal conductivity of 0.1 to 0.5 K. It is designed to provide heat transfer between the side members, The tolerance ring has a coefficient of friction μ between the retainer layer and the outer member. １ and the above group The coefficient of friction μ between the material and the outer member ２ Add μ １ >μ ２ and The tolerance ring has a retention force R between the inner member and the outer member. ｆ and The assembly is subjected to an assembly force A ｆ With R ｆ >0.1A ｆ That is, the assembly.

4. The thermal enhancement layer has a Vickers hardness of <400 VPM and a thermal conductivity of >100 W / mK. The tolerance ring or assembly of any one of claims 1 and 3, Yellowtail.

5. The tolerance according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the protrusion protrudes radially outward. Ring or assembly.

6. R ｆ >0.35A ｆ The assembly according to any one of claims 2 to 5,

7. Claims 2 to 6, wherein the inner member comprises a stator and the outer member comprises a housing.

13. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

8. The coating layer according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the coating layer comprises a deposited coating. tolerance ring or assembly.

9. The trailer according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the covering layer comprises a cladding. sling or assembly.

10. A tolerance ring according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the substrate comprises steel. assembly.

11. The thermal enhancement layer is made of zinc, copper, magnesium, nickel, tin, lead, aluminum or the like. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising the step of: Tolerance ring or assembly.

12. 1. The coating layer has a thickness in the range of 10 microns to 200 microns.

2. A tolerance ring or assembly as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. Any of claims 1 to 12, wherein the substrate has a thickness in the range of 0.075 to 0.8 mm.

13. The tolerance ring or assembly of claim 12.

14. The tolerance ring has an outer radius in the range of 3 mm to 150 mm.

14. A tolerance ring or assembly according to any one of claims 13.

15. The tolerance ring according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the tolerance ring has an axial gap. tolerance ring or assembly.

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