Base material, surface material joint, roof panel, and wall panel

Abstract

To provide a base member, a surface material joint, a roof panel, and a wall panel that can improve the in-plane shear strength of a surface material joint while maintaining heat transfer performance.SOLUTION: A base member 1 according to the present invention consists of a longitudinal structural steel having a base web portion 10 and a first base flange portion 11 and a second base flange portion 12 extending from both ends of the base web portion 10. A plurality of long holes 13 extending in the material axis direction 1A are provided in a staggered pattern in the base web portion 10, and a surface material is joined to the upper surface of the first base flange portion 10. The structural steel is made of steel material having a yield point of 400 N / mm2 or more and 500 N / mm2 or less.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a base member to which a surface material is joined, a surface material joint, a roof panel, and a wall panel. [Background technology]

[0002] The following Patent Document 1 shows a configuration in which multiple roof panels are installed on the upper part of a building. The roof panels are formed with a base frame formed in a framework shape and a roof surface material attached to this base frame. It describes that after a support structure (roof panels, beams, brackets, etc.) is installed on the upper part of the building, the roof panels are attached on top of the support structure.

[0003] The following Patent Document 2 describes a frame material made of a shaped steel having a flange portion and a web portion, in which a large number of long holes are provided in the web portion in n rows in the longitudinal direction and discontinuously. Patent Document 2 explains that when the length of the long holes is L, the distance between the holes is a, and α is a constant, and the heat path difference X is expressed as X=(n-α)(La) / 2, by providing the long holes so as to satisfy the relationship 15mm≦X≦150mm, it is possible to improve the heat transfer resistance while suppressing deterioration of mechanical properties. The mechanical properties refer to the moment of inertia. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 7-180253 [Patent Document 2] JP 2008-106562 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] The roof panel described in Patent Document 1 is sometimes called a preset roof, and is manufactured in a factory to minimize on-site construction labor. In order to improve the construction accuracy of such roof panels, the present inventors are considering using shaped steel for the base material (such as the base frame in Patent Document 1) to which the surface material is joined.

[0006] In order to satisfy the requirements of today's highly insulated houses, it is required to lower the U-value of roofs, etc., but the U-value becomes high when shaped steel is used as a base member. Therefore, when the use of shaped steel with multiple long holes in the web portion as described in Patent Document 2 (hereinafter, such shaped steel may be referred to as "low heat transfer shaped steel") was considered as a base member, the structural performance (in-plane shear strength) of a surface material joint in which a surface material is joined to a base member was reduced. After various studies, the inventors of the present invention found that the cause is believed to be that the steel material between the long holes becomes plastic due to the multiple long holes provided in the web portion of the base member or the low heat transfer shaped steel, and the cross section that resists torsion is reduced (i.e., the torsional rigidity is reduced). It is believed that the in-plane shear strength of the surface material joint can be improved by reducing the area occupied by the long holes in the web portion, but the heat transfer performance is deteriorated when the area occupied by the long holes is reduced.

[0007] The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and one of its objects is to provide a base member, a surface material joint, a roof panel, and a wall panel that can improve the in-plane shear strength of the surface material joint while maintaining heat transfer performance. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] In one embodiment, the base member according to the present invention is made of a longitudinal shaped steel having a base web portion and a first base flange portion and a second base flange portion extending from both ends of the base web portion, and a plurality of long holes extending in the material axial direction are provided in a staggered pattern in the base web portion, and a face material is joined to the upper surface of the first base flange portion. The base member has a yield point of 400 N / mm 2 Above 500N / mm 2The structural steel is made up of the following steel materials:

[0009] In one embodiment, the surface material joint of the present invention comprises a plurality of base members each made of the above-mentioned base member and arranged at intervals from each other in a width direction perpendicular to the material axis direction, and at least one surface material joined to the upper surface of a first base flange portion of the plurality of base members.

[0010] In one embodiment, the roof panel of the present invention comprises a plurality of base members, each of which is made of the above-mentioned base members and which are arranged at intervals in the width direction perpendicular to the material axis direction, at least one face material joined to the upper surface of the first base flange portion of the plurality of base members, a plurality of roofing materials arranged on the face material, and a pair of runners made of longitudinal channel steel having a runner web portion and a first runner flange portion and a second runner flange portion extending from both ends of the runner web portion, which extend in the spacing direction of the plurality of base members at both ends of the plurality of base members and are joined to the plurality of base members with the ends of the plurality of base members inserted inside the groove formed by the runner web portion, the first runner flange portion and the second runner flange portion.

[0011] In one embodiment, a wall panel according to the present invention comprises a plurality of base members, each made of the above-mentioned base member and arranged at intervals in the width direction perpendicular to the material axis direction, at least one face member joined to an upper surface of a first base flange portion of the plurality of base members, a plurality of wall members arranged on the face members, and a pair of runners made of elongated channel steel having a runner web portion and a first runner flange portion and a second runner flange portion extending from both ends of the runner web portion, the pair of runners extending in the spacing direction of the plurality of base members at both ends of the plurality of base members and joined to the plurality of base members with the ends of the plurality of base members inserted inside grooves formed by the runner web portion, the first runner flange portion and the second runner flange portion. Effect of the Invention

[0012] According to the base member, surface material assembly, roof panel, and wall panel of the present invention, the shaped steel constituting the base member has a yield point of 400 N / mm 2 Above 500N / mm 2 Because it is constructed from the following steel materials, it is possible to improve the in-plane shear strength of the surface material joint while maintaining heat transfer performance. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0013] [Figure 1] 1 is a cross-sectional view of an underlay member according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a right side view showing the base member of FIG. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a surface material joined body provided with the base member of FIG. 1. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a front view showing the surface material joined body of FIG. 3. [Diagram 5] FIG. 4 is a right side view showing the surface material joined body of FIG. 3. [Figure 6] 6 is a cross-sectional view of the panel assembly taken along line VI-VI in FIG. 3. [Figure 7] 4 is a plan view showing a surface material bonded body with the surface material of FIG. 3 removed. FIG. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing region VIII in FIG. [Figure 9] FIG. 5 is a side view showing the base member and the foundation body of FIG. 4. [Figure 10] 10 is an exploded perspective view of the first fastening body and the second fastening body of FIG. 9. FIG. [Figure 11] FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a first usage mode (additional heat insulation specification) of the surface material assembly of FIG. 3. [Figure 12] FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a second usage mode (filled insulation specification) of the surface material assembly of FIG. 3. [Figure 13] FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a state in which the surface material joint shown in FIG. 3 is subjected to shaking. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing a twist of the base member of FIG. 13. [Figure 15] FIG. 13 is a plan view showing an in-plane shear test of a panel assembly. [Figure 16]16 is an explanation showing the dimensions of each part of the surface material joint in the in-plane shear test of FIG. 15. [Figure 17] 16 is an explanation showing the dimensions of each part of the surface material joint in the in-plane shear test of FIG. 15. [Figure 18] 16 is an explanation showing the dimensions of each part of the surface material joint in the in-plane shear test of FIG. 15. [Figure 19] 16 is an explanation showing the dimensions of each part of the surface material joint in the in-plane shear test of FIG. 15. [Figure 20] 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the dimensions of each part of a base member when a low heat-transfer steel having a long hole is used as the base member. FIG. [Figure 21] 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the dimensions of each part of a base member when a low heat-transfer steel having a long hole is used as the base member. FIG. [Figure 22] FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a load-deformation angle curve obtained in a simulation for investigating in-plane shear strength. [Diagram 23] 16 is a graph showing the relationship between load and shear deformation angle obtained in the in-plane shear test of FIG. 15. [Figure 24] 13 is a graph showing a comparison between the analysis results of a simulation and the results of an actual test. [Diagram 25] FIG. [Figure 26] 1 is a graph showing the difference in in-plane shear strength depending on whether or not a runner is present. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0014] Hereinafter, the embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to each embodiment, and the components can be modified and embodied without departing from the gist of the present invention. In addition, various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining multiple components disclosed in each embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiments. Furthermore, components of different embodiments may be appropriately combined.

[0015] Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a base member 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is a right side view showing the base member 1 of Fig. 1. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the base member 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention is composed of a longitudinal shaped steel having a base web portion 10 and a first base flange portion 11 and a second base flange portion 12 extending from both ends of the base web portion 10. The shaped steel may be formed by bending a specified steel material (steel plate), and the base web portion 10, the first base flange portion 11 and the second base flange portion 12 may be integrally formed from the same steel material.

[0016] The base web portion 10 may extend in the material axis direction 1A and height direction 1B of the base member 1. The first base flange portion 11 and the second base flange portion 12 may extend in the material axis direction 1A and width direction 1C of the base member 1. The first base flange portion 11 and the second base flange portion 12 may extend parallel to and spaced apart from each other in the height direction 1B. The material axis direction 1A, height direction 1B and width direction 1C may be perpendicular to each other.

[0017] The base member 1 can be used as a base for the face material 20 in the face material joint 2 (see FIG. 3, etc.) described later. Structural plywood or the like may be used as the face material 20. The base member 1 is adapted so that the face material 20 is joined to the upper surface (outer surface) of the first base flange portion 11. As shown in FIG. 6 described later, the face material 20 may be joined by driving a fastening member 21 (a screw, a screw or a nail) into the first base flange portion 11 through the face material 20 in a state in which the face material 20 is superimposed on the upper surface of the first base flange portion 11. A plurality of roof materials or a plurality of wall materials may be arranged on the face material 20. That is, the first base flange portion 11 may be arranged on the outdoor side of the building, and the second base flange portion 12 may be arranged on the indoor side of the building.

[0018] As shown in FIG. 2, the base web portion 10 has a plurality of slots 13 extending in the material axis direction 1A in a staggered arrangement. The plurality of slots 13 may extend longer in the material axis direction 1A than in the height direction 1B. By providing the plurality of slots 13 in a staggered arrangement in the base web portion 10, the heat transfer path between the first base flange portion 11 and the second base flange portion 12 through the base web portion 10 is lengthened, and the heat transfer resistance can be improved. In other words, the structural steel constituting the base member 1 of this embodiment has low heat transfer compared to structural steel not having the slots 13. The structural steel constituting the base member 1 is sometimes called "low heat transfer structural steel."

[0019] As will be explained later with reference to the drawings, providing a plurality of long holes 13 in a staggered pattern in the base web portion 10 tends to reduce the structural performance (in-plane shear strength) of the surface material assembly 2 in which the surface material 20 is joined to the base member 1. This is thought to be because the steel between the long holes 13 becomes plastic, reducing the cross-section that resists twisting. It is thought that the in-plane shear strength of the surface material assembly 2 can be improved by reducing the area occupied by the long holes 13, but reducing the area occupied by the long holes 13 deteriorates the heat transfer performance.

[0020] The inventors have come to the idea that by increasing the strength of the steel material constituting the shaped steel, it is possible to improve the in-plane shear strength of the surface material joint 2 while maintaining the heat transfer performance. In the base member 1 of this embodiment, the yield point is 400 N / mm 2 Above 500N / mm 2 The steel sections are made of the following steel materials. The yield point is 400N / mm 2 By setting the value to 400 N / mm or more, the in-plane shear strength of the surface material assembly 2 can be improved while maintaining the heat transfer performance. As will be described in detail later, 2 As a result of the above, an in-plane shear strength equivalent to that of a surface member joint 2 using a steel section made of ordinary steel without a long hole 13 can be ensured.

[0021] On the other hand, when the strength of the steel material is high, the ease of driving the fastening member 21 (screw, bolt or nail) when joining the face member 20 to the upper surface of the first base flange portion 11 tends to decrease. In the base member 1 of this embodiment, the yield point is 500 N / mm 2 Since the above-mentioned condition is satisfied, the deterioration of the casting property of the fastening member 21 can be suppressed.

[0022] The base member 1 of this embodiment will be described in more detail below.

[0023] The plate thickness of the steel material constituting the shaped steel may be 0.8 mm. The type of steel constituting the steel material may be high-tensile steel (high tensile steel). High-tensile steel may be of 490N class or higher. The steel material may be a plated material. The plating may be a ternary alloy plating containing zinc-aluminum-magnesium. Specific examples of such ternary alloy plating include ZAM (registered trademark), SD (registered trademark), and ZEXEED (registered trademark). The plating may also be other plating such as zinc-aluminum alloy plating (GL). The coating weight of the plating is 80 g / m 2 The upper limit of the coating weight of the plating is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 350 g / m from the viewpoint of manufacturing. 2 etc.

[0024] The base member 1 may further have a first lip portion 14 extending from a tip of the first base flange portion 11 and a second lip portion 15 extending from a tip of the second base flange portion 12. The first lip portion 14 and the second lip portion 15 may extend parallel to the base web portion 10. The extension widths of the first lip portion 14 and the second lip portion 15 in the height direction 1B of the base member 1 may be shorter than the extension width of the base web portion 10 in the height direction 1B. The tips of the first lip portion 14 and the second lip portion 15 may be spaced apart from each other.

[0025] When the height of the base member 1 (the distance between the upper surface of the first base flange portion 11 and the lower surface (outer surface) of the second base flange portion 12 in the height direction 1B) is 90 mm, the extension widths of the first lip portion 14 and the second lip portion 15 in the height direction 1B may each be 20 mm, and the distance between the tips of the first lip portion 14 and the second lip portion 15 in the height direction 1B may be 50 mm. In this case, the width of the base member 1 (the distance between the outer surface of the base web portion 10 and the outer surfaces of the first lip portion 14 and the second lip portion 15 in the width direction 1C) may be 50 mm.

[0026] It is preferable that the ratio W1:W2 of the width W1 of the long hole 13 in the material axis direction 1A to the width W2 between the long holes 13 in the material axis direction 1A is 10:1. The larger the width W1 of the long hole 13 is relative to the width W2 between the long holes 13, the more the heat transfer performance can be improved. On the other hand, if the width W1 of the long hole 13 is too large relative to the width W2 between the long holes 13, there is a concern that the in-plane shear strength may decrease. By making the ratio W1:W2 10:1, it is possible to balance the heat transfer performance and the in-plane shear strength. The width W1 of the long hole 13 may be 60 mm, and the width W2 between the long holes 13 may be 6 mm. It is possible to more reliably balance the heat transfer performance and the in-plane shear strength.

[0027] The plurality of long holes 13 may be arranged to form a plurality of rows R1 to R5 spaced apart from each other in a height direction 1B perpendicular to the material axis direction 1A. In the illustrated embodiment, the plurality of long holes 13 form five rows R1 to R5. When the row R1 of the plurality of long holes 13 closest to the first base flange portion 11 among the rows R1 to R5 is defined as the first row R1, it is preferable that the ratio H0:D0 of the height H0 of the shaped steel to the distance D0 from the upper surface of the first base flange portion 11 to the upper end of the first row R1 is 90:13. The greater the distance D0 from the upper surface of the first base flange portion 11 to the upper end of the first row R1 relative to the height H0 of the shaped steel, the more the in-plane shear strength reduction can be suppressed. On the other hand, if the distance D0 from the top surface of the first base flange portion 11 to the top end of the first row R1 is too large relative to the height H0 of the shaped steel, the distance between the rows of the long holes 13 will be small, raising concerns about reduced insulation and in-plane shear strength. By setting the ratio H0:D0 to 90:13, it is possible to achieve a balance between suppressing the decrease in in-plane shear strength and maintaining insulation. The height H0 of the shaped steel may be 90 mm, and the distance D0 from the top surface of the first base flange portion 11 to the top end of the first row R1 may be 13 mm. This makes it possible to more reliably achieve a balance between in-plane shear strength and insulation.

[0028] The long holes 13 in rows R1 to R5 adjacent to each other in the height direction 1B are arranged with a shift in the material axis direction 1A. The amount of shift in the arrangement of the long holes 13 in the material axis direction 1A may be half the extension width of the long holes 13 in the material axis direction 1A. The extension width of each long hole 13 in the height direction 1B of the base member 1 may be 4 mm, and the distance between the long holes 13 in the height direction 1B may be 11 mm.

[0029] Next, Fig. 3 is a plan view showing the panel assembly 2 with the base member 1 of Fig. 1, Fig. 4 is a front view showing the panel assembly 2 of Fig. 3, Fig. 5 is a right side view showing the panel assembly 2 of Fig. 3, and Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the panel assembly 2 along the line VI-VI of Fig. 3. Fig. 7 is a plan view showing the panel assembly 2 in a state where the panel 20 of Fig. 3 has been removed, and Fig. 8 is a perspective view showing the region VIII of Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a side view showing the base member 1 and the base body 24 of Fig. 4, and Fig. 10 is a perspective view showing the first fastening body 5 and the second fastening body 6 of Fig. 9 in an exploded view. In Fig. 9, a part of the second lip portion 15 of the base member 1 is cut out so that the second fastening body 6 can be seen.

[0030] A surface material joint 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of base members 1 and at least one surface material 20.

[0031] Each of the multiple base members 1 is composed of the base member 1 described using Figures 1 and 2, and is arranged at intervals from one another in the width direction 1C perpendicular to the material axis direction 1A, as particularly shown in Figures 3, 4, and 7. The base members 1 may be arranged parallel to one another. Furthermore, the lengths of the base members 1 in the material axis direction 1A may be equal to one another. In the illustrated embodiment, five base members 1 are provided in the surface material joint 2, but the number of base members 1 provided in the surface material joint 2 may be changed as desired.

[0032] The face material 20 is joined to the upper surfaces of the first base flange portions 11 of the multiple base members 1. As described above, structural plywood or the like may be used as the face material 20. As particularly shown in Fig. 6, the face material 20 may be joined by driving fastening members 21 (screws, bolts or nails) into the first base flange portion 11 through the face material 20 with the face material 20 overlapping the upper surface of the first base flange portion 11.

[0033] The face materials 20 may be arranged adjacent to each other. In the illustrated embodiment, three face materials 20 are arranged side by side in the material axis direction 1A of the base member 1. One face material 20 is arranged across five base members 1 arranged at intervals in the width direction 1C. However, the number of face materials 20 arranged side by side in the material axis direction 1A and the width direction 1C of the base member 1 may be changed arbitrarily. The joining of the face materials 20 to the upper surface of the first base flange portion 11 may be performed at multiple positions on each base member 1 that are spaced apart from each other in the material axis direction 1A.

[0034] The surface material joint 2 may further include a pair of runners 22. As shown in FIG. 8, the runner 22 may be made of a longitudinal channel steel having a runner web portion 220 and a first runner flange portion 221 and a second runner flange portion 222 extending from both ends of the runner web portion 220. As shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 7, etc., the runner 22 may be arranged so as to extend in the separation direction of the multiple base members 1 at both ends of the multiple base members 1. Also, as shown in FIG. 8, the runner 22 may be joined to the multiple base members 1 with the ends of the multiple base members 1 inserted inside the groove 223 formed by the runner web portion 220, the first runner flange portion 221, and the second runner flange portion 222. By providing such a runner 22, the in-plane shear strength of the surface material joint 2 can be improved.

[0035] The runner 22 and the base member 1 may be joined by inserting an end of the base member 1 inside the groove 223 and driving a fastening member 21 through the first runner flange portion 221 into the first base flange portion 11.

[0036] The surface material joint 2 may further include a connector 23 that is superimposed on the upper surfaces of the first base flange portion 11 and the first runner flange portion 221 and joined to the runner 22 and the base member 1. By using the connector 23, the runner 22 and the base member 1 can be joined more integrally.

[0037] The connector 23 may have a base surface 230 (see FIG. 8) that is superimposed on the upper surfaces of the first base flange portion 11 and the first runner flange portion 221. The base surface 230 of the connector 23 disposed at the end of the runner 22 may be L-shaped, and the base surface 230 of the connector 23 disposed at the middle portion of the runner 22 may be T-shaped. With the base surface 230 superimposed on the upper surface of the first runner flange portion 221, the fastening member 21 may be driven into the first base flange portion 11, penetrating both the base surface 230 and the first runner flange portion 221. In addition, at a position where the base surface 230 is superimposed only on the first base flange portion 11, the fastening member 21 may be driven into the first base flange portion 11, penetrating the base surface 230.

[0038] The connector 23 may further have a depending surface 231 extending from one end of the base surface 230 so as to follow the outer surface of the runner web portion 220. The depending surface 231 may be pressed against the outer surface of the runner web portion 220, thereby positioning the connector 23 along the material axis direction 1A of the base member 1.

[0039] The surface material joint 2 may further include a base body 24 on which the lower surfaces (outer surfaces) of the second base flange portions 12 of the multiple base members 1 are placed. The base body 24 may be a frame body on which both ends of each base member 1 in the material axis direction 1A and the base members 1 arranged on both sides in the width direction 1C of the multiple base members 1 are placed. The base body 24 may be made of wood. The base body 24 may have multiple columnar members arranged to form a frame. The multiple columnar members may include a pair of horizontal members 241, 242 that are spaced apart from each other in the material axis direction 1A of the base member 1 and extend in the width direction 1C of the base member 1, on which both ends of each base member 1 in the material axis direction 1A are placed, and a pair of vertical members 243, 244 that are spaced apart from each other in the width direction 1C of the base member 1 and extend in the material axis direction 1A of the base member 1, on which the base members 1 arranged on both sides in the width direction 1C are placed. The horizontal members 241, 242 may protrude further outward from the frame than the vertical members 243, 244 in the width direction 1C of the base member 1. The base body 24 in the figure has a shape suitable for simulation by FEM analysis to investigate the in-plane shear strength described later. When the surface material joint 2 is installed on the roof of a building, the pair of horizontal members 241, 242 may correspond to a purlin.

[0040] At least one through bolt 25 may be attached to the horizontal members 241, 242 and the vertical members 243, 244. The through bolts 25 attached to the horizontal members 241, 242 may be configured so that the amount of protrusion from the outer surface of the horizontal members 241, 242 can be adjusted in the material axis direction 1A of the base member 1. The through bolts 25 attached to the vertical members 243, 244 may be configured so that the amount of protrusion from the outer surface of the vertical members 243, 244 can be adjusted in the width direction 1C of the base member 1. The positioning of the surface material joint 2 may be performed using the through bolt 25 protruding from the outer surface. In addition, the through bolt 25 may be removed after the positioning of the surface material joint 2.

[0041] Any method and materials can be used to join the base member 1 and the foundation body 24 (horizontal members 241, 242 and vertical members 243, 244), but a first fastening body 5 and a second fastening body 6 as shown in Figures 9 and 10 may be used.

[0042] As shown in FIG. 9, the base body 24 has a through hole 24c extending from the lower surface 24a to the upper surface 24b. The first fastening body 5 is inserted from the lower surface 24a to 24c of the base body 24. The second fastening body 6 is disposed inside the base member 1. The first fastening body 5 and the second fastening body 6 are screwed together to fasten and join the base body 24 and the base member 1. The first fastening body 5 has a head 50 that can be rotated by operation from below the base body 24, and the second fastening body 6 is configured or disposed so that co-rotation with the first fastening body 5 is restricted when screwed together. That is, the first fastening body 5 and the second fastening body 6 are configured to be screwed together by rotating the head 50 from below the base body 24 without holding the second fastening body 6 by hand.

[0043] The head 50 of the first fastening body 5 may protrude from the lower surface 24a of the base body 24 as shown in the figure. However, the head 50 of the first fastening body 5 may be accommodated in a recess provided in the lower surface 24a.

[0044] The second fastening body 6 may be configured or arranged in any manner so that co-rotation is restricted when it is screwed into the first fastening body 5. The second fastening body 6 may be configured or arranged so that it receives a reaction force from another member, such as the base member 1, when it is screwed into the first fastening body 5. For example, the co-rotation of the second fastening body 6 may be restricted by abutting or fitting with another member, such as the base member 1, or by being fixed to the other member.

[0045] In the illustrated embodiment, the second fastener 6 may include a square root bolt 60 and a washer 61 .

[0046] As shown in FIG. 10, the square root bolt 60 is a bolt having a corner 60b at the base of the shaft 60a. The shaft 60a has a thread on its outer periphery. The base of the shaft 60a is the connection between the head 60c and the shaft 60a, and is sometimes called a neck or the like. The corner 60b is a polygonal cross section. The width of the corner 60b is larger than the diameter of the shaft 60a. The width of the corner 60b is smaller than the diameter of the head 60c. The width of the corner 60b may be the dimension between a pair of opposing sides, or the diameter of the smallest circle that can contain the cross section of the corner 60b.

[0047] The washer 61 is a member having an opening 61a through which the shaft 60a and the corner 60b of the square root bolt 60 can be inserted. The corner 60b of the square root bolt 60 is inserted into the opening 61a of the washer 61. The washer 61 is disposed inside the base member 1, more specifically between the base web portion 10 and the second lip portion 15 of the base member 1, and is configured or disposed so as to take a reaction force from the base member 1 when the square root bolt 60 and the first fastening body 5 are screwed together. In this way, the corner 60b of the square root bolt 60 is inserted into the opening 61a of the washer 61, and the washer 61 takes a reaction force from the base member 1, so that the co-rotation of the second fastening body 6 when screwed together with the first fastening body 5 can be restricted.

[0048] The first fastening body 5 may have a nut body 51 that can be screwed onto the square root bolt 60, and a bolt 52 screwed onto the nut body 51. The nut body 51 has a certain length and is sometimes called a long nut. The nut body 51 has an axial hole 51a with a thread on the inner circumferential surface. The head 50 described above is provided at one end of the bolt 52. The bolt 52 has an axial portion 52a that can be screwed into the axial hole 51a of the nut body 51. The first fastening body 5 may further have a washer 53 attached to the bolt 52 so as to be interposed between the lower surface 24a of the base body 24 and the head 50.

[0049] With the shaft portion 52a of the bolt 52 screwed into the shaft hole 51a of the nut body 51, the nut body 51 can be inserted into the through hole 24c (see FIG. 9) of the base body 24, and one end of the shaft portion 60a of the square root bolt 60 can be pressed against one end of the shaft hole 51a of the nut body 51. After this pressing, the head 50 can be rotated to screw the shaft portion 60a of the square root bolt 60 into the shaft hole 51a of the nut body 51. The square root bolt 60 can be screwed into the nut body 51 inside 24c.

[0050] Here, it is preferable that the amount of penetration of the bolt 52 into the nut body 51 is greater than the amount of penetration of the square root bolt 60 into the nut body 51. The amount of friction or resistance between the nut body 51 and the bolt 52 can be made greater than the amount of friction or resistance between the nut body 51 and the square root bolt 60, and by rotating the head 50, the square root bolt 60 can be screwed into the nut body 51 more reliably.

[0051] 3, 7, etc., the base member 1 may be joined to the horizontal members 241, 242 at both ends in the material axis direction 1A by the first fasteners 5 and the second fasteners 6. The base member 1 may be joined to the vertical members 243, 244 by the first fasteners 5 and the second fasteners 6 at a plurality of positions spaced apart from each other in the material axis direction 1A.

[0052] A roof panel can be constructed by placing multiple roofing materials on the surface material 20 of the surface material assembly 2 as described above. Ceramic or metal roofing materials can be used as the roofing materials. A roof panel is a unit to which multiple roofing materials are pre-attached, and the roof of a building can be formed by installing multiple roof panels on the top of the building.

[0053] A roof panel according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: A plurality of base members 1, each of which is composed of the base member 1 described with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 and is arranged at intervals in a width direction 1C perpendicular to a material axis direction 1A; At least one face material 20 joined to the upper surface of the first base flange portion 11 of the plurality of base members 1; A plurality of roofing materials arranged on the surface material 20; a pair of runners 22 each made of a longitudinal channel steel having a runner web portion 220 and a first runner flange portion 221 and a second runner flange portion 222 extending from both ends of the runner web portion 220, the pair of runners 22 extending in the direction of separation of the plurality of base members 1 at both ends of the plurality of base members 1 and joined to the plurality of base members 1 with the ends of the plurality of base members 1 inserted inside a groove 223 formed by the runner web portion 220, the first runner flange portion 221 and the second runner flange portion 222; Equipped with.

[0054] Alternatively, a wall panel can be constructed by placing multiple wall materials on the surface material 20 of the surface material assembly 2 as described above. As the wall material, a ceramic or metal wall material can be used. The wall panel is a unit to which multiple wall materials are attached in advance, and the wall of a building can be formed by installing multiple wall panels on the side of a building.

[0055] The wall panel according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: A plurality of base members 1, each of which is composed of the base member 1 described with reference to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 and is arranged at intervals in a width direction 1C perpendicular to a material axis direction 1A; At least one face material 20 joined to the upper surface of the first base flange portion 11 of the plurality of base members 1; A plurality of wall materials arranged on the surface material 20; a pair of runners 22 each made of a longitudinal channel steel having a runner web portion 220 and a first runner flange portion 221 and a second runner flange portion 222 extending from both ends of the runner web portion 220, the pair of runners 22 extending in the direction of separation of the plurality of base members 1 at both ends of the plurality of base members 1 and joined to the plurality of base members 1 with the ends of the plurality of base members 1 inserted inside a groove 223 formed by the runner web portion 220, the first runner flange portion 221 and the second runner flange portion 222; Equipped with.

[0056] Next, Fig. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a first usage mode (additional insulation specification) of the surface material assembly 2 of Fig. 3. A thermal insulation structure can be added to the surface material assembly 2 of Fig. 3. In the first usage mode shown in Fig. 11, a first insulating material 71 is inserted between the base members 1. As the first insulating material 71, an extruded polystyrene foam or the like can be used. Also, the first insulating material 71 can be fixed to the surface material 20 by a spindle stud or the like.

[0057] A second insulating material 72 may be disposed on the face material 20. The second insulating material 72 may be fixed to the face material 20 by a spindle stud, a screw, or the like.

[0058] A plurality of girders 73 and a second facing material 74 may be disposed on the second insulating material 72. Wooden battens or the like may be used as the girders 73. Structural plywood or the like may be used as the second facing material 74. The girders 73 are disposed spaced apart from one another in the width direction 1C of the base member 1, and an air layer 76 is formed between the facing material 20 and the second facing material 74.

[0059] Next, Fig. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing a second usage mode (filled insulation specification) of the surface material assembly 2 of Fig. 3. A thermal insulation structure can be added to the surface material assembly 2 of Fig. 3. In the second usage mode shown in Fig. 12, the second insulation material 72 is omitted from the first usage mode shown in Fig. 11. In the second usage mode, a plurality of girders 73 and a second surface material 74 are arranged on the surface material 20. The rest is the same as the first usage mode.

[0060] Next, Fig. 13 is an explanatory diagram that shows a state in which shaking is applied to the surface material joint 2 of Fig. 3, and Fig. 14 is an explanatory diagram that shows the twisting of the base member 1 of Fig. 13. As shown in Fig. 13, when shaking along the width direction 1C of the base member 1 is applied to the surface material joint 2, the surface material joint 2 is distorted in the width direction 1C as a whole. At this time, since the surface material 20 is merely joined to the base member 1 by the fastening member 21, the surface material joint 2 is not a completely rigid body as a whole, and a relative displacement occurs between the base member 1 and the surface material 20. Due to this relative displacement, a load L along the width direction 1C acts on the base member 1, causing a twisting in the base member 1.

[0061] FIG. 14(a) shows the twist of the base member 1 when a shaped steel without a long hole 13 is used as the base member 1, and FIG. 14(b) shows the twist of the base member 1 when a shaped steel with a long hole 13 is used as the base member 1. As shown in FIG. 14(a), when the base member 1 does not have a long hole 13, the base member 1 is twisted as a whole. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 14(b), when the base web portion 10 of the base member 1 has a long hole 13, a plastic hinge PH is formed between the long holes 13, especially between the long holes 13 in the first row R1 (see FIG. 2), and the contribution of the base web portion 10 closer to the second base flange portion 12 than the plastic hinge PH to the rigidity in the width direction 1C is reduced. Therefore, when the base web portion 10 of the base member 1 has a long hole 13, the rigidity of the base member 1 is reduced, and the in-plane shear strength of the surface material joint 2 is reduced. Therefore, as described above, in the base member 1 of the present embodiment, the yield point is 400 N / mm 2 Above 500N / mm 2 By constructing the structural steel using the following steel materials, it is possible to ensure an in-plane shear strength equivalent to that of a surface material joint 2 using structural steel made of ordinary steel that does not have a long hole 13.

[0062] Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to such an example. It is clear that a person having ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention pertains can conceive of various modified or altered examples within the scope of the technical ideas described in the claims, and it is understood that these also naturally belong to the technical scope of the present invention. EXAMPLES

[0063] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0064] The thermal transmittance U value of the roof panel was calculated when only the base member 1 as the rafter material was changed based on the first usage mode (additional insulation specification) of the surface material assembly 2 shown in Fig. 11 and the second usage mode (filled insulation specification) of the surface material assembly 2 shown in Fig. 12. The results are shown in Table 1 below. "Wood (cedar)" in Table 1 shows the case where a square cedar column is used as the base member 1, "C-shaped steel" shows the case where a shaped steel without a long hole 13 is used as the base member 1, and "low heat transfer shaped steel" shows the case where a shaped steel with a long hole 13 is used as the base member 1 as explained using Figs. 1 and 2.

[0065] [Table 1]

[0066] When using cedar or C-shaped steel, which are common rafter materials, the U-value of cedar is lower, and C-shaped steel has inferior insulation properties. When C-shaped steel is replaced with low heat transfer steel, the U-value is about the same as that of cedar, and it can be seen that the same level of insulation performance (heat transfer performance) can be obtained as when cedar is used.

[0067] The inventors performed a simulation by FEM analysis to investigate the in-plane shear strength of the panel joint 2 according to the embodiment of the present invention. The basic elements of the simulation were based on the in-plane shear test of the panel-covered roof structural member of the allowable stress design of a wooden frame construction house. That is, as shown in FIG. 15, five base members 1 were placed on the foundation body 24, which is a wooden frame body, and the base members 1 were joined to the horizontal members 241, 242 and / or vertical members 243, 244 of the foundation body 24, and a test body 80 was set in which the panel 20 was joined on the base members 1. The test body 80 corresponds to the panel joint 2 described using FIG. 3 to FIG. 10. The dimensions (mm) of each part of the test body 80 are as shown in FIG. 16 to FIG. 19. In addition, the dimensions of each part of the base member 1 when a low heat-conductive steel having a long hole 13 is used as the base member 1 are as shown in FIG. 20 and FIG. 21. The dimensions of the test specimen 80 are 1.82 m wide and 2.73 m long, the cross-sectional dimensions of the horizontal members 241, 242 and the vertical members 243, 244 are 150 x 105 mm, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the base member 1 are C-90 x 45 x 20 mm (0.8 mmt). The horizontal members 241, 242 and the vertical members 243, 244 are made of Douglas fir, and the surface material 20 is equivalent to 12 mmt structural plywood grade 2.

[0068] The test specimen 80 was placed horizontally, one horizontal member 241 was fixed to the base 81, and the actuator 82 was connected to the other horizontal member 242. Note that the fixed girder in the in-plane shear test of the surface material-covered roof structural member in the Allowable Stress Design of Wooden Frame Construction Houses (2017 Edition) corresponds to one horizontal member 241, and the load-applying girder in the same test corresponds to the other horizontal member 242.

[0069] As shown in FIG. 15, multiple displacement gauges H1, H2, V3, and V4 were connected to horizontal members 241, 242 and vertical members 243, 244. When vibration 83 was applied to the test piece 80 by an actuator 82, the apparent shear deformation angle γ (rad), the shear deformation angle θ (rad) of the leg, and the true shear deformation angle γ0 (rad), which are expressed by the following equations 1 to 3, were calculated from the outputs of the displacement gauges H1, H2, V3, and V4. γ = (δ1 - δ2) / H (1) θ = (δ3 - δ4) / V (2) γ0=γ-θ (3) where δ1 is the output of displacement gauge H1 (horizontal displacement of the loaded girder (mm)), δ2 is the output of displacement gauge H2 (horizontal displacement of the fixed girder (mm)), H is the distance (mm) between displacement gauges H1 and H2, δ3 is the output of displacement gauge V3 (vertical displacement of the beam foot (mm)), δ4 is the output of displacement gauge V4 (vertical displacement of the beam foot (mm)), and V is the distance (mm) between displacement gauges V3 and V4.

[0070] The test was repeated with alternating positive and negative loads, with apparent shear deformation angles of 1 / 450, 1 / 300, 1 / 200, 1 / 150, 1 / 100, 1 / 75, and 1 / 50rad alternating three times each, and then the load was cut off to 1 / 15rad. An envelope diagram was created from the test results obtained based on the load-deformation angle curve shown in Fig. 22. The short-term allowable shear strength was calculated from the short-term standard shear strength, and the floor magnification was calculated.

[0071] When the base material 1 for the rafters is made of structural steel, when calculating the short-term standard shear strength P0 in the evaluation method for the horizontal structural components of a panel-covered sloped roof in the Allowable Stress Design for Wooden Frame Construction Houses (2017 Edition), P0 is determined as the strength at a specific deformation, 1 / 150 rad.

[0072] Simulations were performed using the above-mentioned FEM analysis while changing the steel material (steel type) of the base member 1 used in the test specimen 80. A graph (Fig. 23) of the relationship between load and shear deformation angle was obtained for each base member 1. From the relationship graph in Fig. 23, the strength during deformation was read and the floor magnification was calculated. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0073] [Table 2]

[0074] As can be seen by comparing the floor factor of C-shaped steel without slots 13 when a 400N class steel type (ordinary steel) is used, and the floor factor of low heat transfer steel with slots 13 when the same 400N class steel type (ordinary steel) is used, the floor factor decreases by about 15% when low heat transfer steel is used as the base material 1. It was confirmed that by increasing the tensile strength of the steel type of the base material 1 to 540N class or higher, it is possible to ensure a floor factor equivalent to that of C-shaped steel without slots 13, and to obtain the same in-plane shear force. The yield point of 540N class steel is 400N / mm 2 From this result, the yield point is 400N / mm 2 It was confirmed that by constructing the structural steel of the base member 1 using the above steel materials, it is possible to ensure an in-plane shear strength equivalent to that of a surface material joint 2 using structural steel without a long hole 13.

[0075] On the other hand, when the strength of the steel material is high, the ease of driving the fastening member (screw, bolt or nail) when joining the face plate 20 to the upper surface of the first base flange portion 11 tends to decrease. In the base member 1 of the present embodiment, the yield point is 500 N / mm 2 Since the above-mentioned condition is satisfied, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the ease of casting of the fastening member.

[0076] The load-shear deformation angle relationship graph in Fig. 23 was created by simulation (FEM analysis), but the results of the simulation were compared with the results of actual tests as shown in Fig. 24, and it was confirmed that there were no problems with the values ​​of the numerical analysis.

[0077] The retention of in-plane shear force by high-tensile strength can be confirmed from the plastic strain contour diagram shown in Figure 25. The grey area seen above the first base flange 11 is the area where strain is concentrated. For ordinary steel, the plastic strain in the web is discontinuous in the case of C-shaped steel, whereas for low heat-conductive steel, strain is concentrated in the remaining part of the first row of slots 13 from the first base flange 11. This is thought to have led to a state in which force could not be fully transmitted to the web below the first row, resulting in a decrease in strength. As the steel grade is upgraded from 490N to 590N grade, the strain in the remaining part decreases. It is presumed that this leads to the retention of in-plane shear force when high-tensile strength is used.

[0078] The inventors also investigated the difference in in-plane shear strength depending on whether or not the runner 22 was used. That is, a test specimen 80 was set under the same conditions except for the presence or absence of the runner 22, and the graph of the load-shear deformation angle relationship shown in FIG. 26 was obtained. Note that low heat-conductive steel made of 590N-class steel was used as the base member 1. When the runner 22 was used, the strength during deformation was 5.3kN, whereas when the runner 22 was omitted, the strength during deformation was 1.8kN. It was thus confirmed that the in-plane shear strength of the surface material joint 2 can be significantly improved by using the runner 22.

[0079] The invention described in this specification can also be described as follows. [1] A base member is made of a longitudinal steel section having a base web portion and a first base flange portion and a second base flange portion extending from both ends of the base web portion, and a plurality of long holes extending in a material axial direction are provided in a staggered pattern in the base web portion, and a face material is joined to an upper surface of the first base flange portion, Yield point is 400N / mm 2 Above 500N / mm 2 The steel section is made of the following steel materials: Undercoat material. [2] The ratio W1:W2 of the width W1 of the long hole in the material axis direction to the width W2 between the long holes in the material axis direction is 10:1. 2. The base member according to claim 1. [3] The width W1 of the slot is 60 mm, and the width W2 between the slots is 6 mm. 3. The base member according to claim 2. [4] the plurality of long holes are arranged in a plurality of rows spaced apart from each other in a height direction perpendicular to the material axis direction, and when the row of the plurality of long holes closest to the first base flange portion is defined as a first row, a ratio H0:D0 of a height H0 of the structural steel to a distance D0 from an upper surface of the first base flange portion to an upper end of the first row is 90:13; 4. A base member according to any one of claims 1 to 3. [5] The height H0 of the steel section is 90 mm, and the distance D0 from the upper surface of the first base flange portion to the upper end of the first row is 13 mm. 5. The base member according to claim 4. [6] A plurality of base members each comprising the base member according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and arranged at intervals in a width direction perpendicular to the material axis direction; At least one face material joined to an upper surface of the first base flange portion of the plurality of base members; A surface material joint comprising: [7] A pair of runners is made of elongated channel steel having a runner web portion and a first runner flange portion and a second runner flange portion extending from both ends of the runner web portion, and extends in the separation direction of the plurality of base members at both ends of the plurality of base members, and is joined to the plurality of base members with the ends of the plurality of base members inserted inside the grooves formed by the runner web portion, the first runner flange portion, and the second runner flange portion. 7. The surface material joint assembly according to claim 6, further comprising: [8] A plurality of base members each comprising the base member according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and arranged at intervals in a width direction perpendicular to the material axis direction; At least one face material joined to an upper surface of the first base flange portion of the plurality of base members; A plurality of roofing materials arranged on the surface material; a pair of runners each made of a longitudinal channel steel having a runner web portion and a first runner flange portion and a second runner flange portion extending from both ends of the runner web portion, the pair of runners extending in a direction separating the plurality of base members at both ends of the plurality of base members and joined to the plurality of base members with the ends of the plurality of base members inserted inside grooves formed by the runner web portion, the first runner flange portion and the second runner flange portion; Equipped with Roof panel. [9] A plurality of base members each comprising the base member according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and arranged at intervals in a width direction perpendicular to the material axis direction; At least one face material joined to an upper surface of the first base flange portion of the plurality of base members; A plurality of wall materials arranged on the surface material; a pair of runners each made of a longitudinal channel steel having a runner web portion and a first runner flange portion and a second runner flange portion extending from both ends of the runner web portion, the pair of runners extending in a direction separating the plurality of base members at both ends of the plurality of base members and joined to the plurality of base members with the ends of the plurality of base members inserted inside grooves formed by the runner web portion, the first runner flange portion and the second runner flange portion; Equipped with Wall panel. [Explanation of symbols]

[0080] 1: Base material 1A: Material axis direction 1B: Height direction 10: Base web section 11: First base flange 12: Second base flange 13: Long hole 20: Surface material D0: Distance R1: First column

Claims

1. A base member comprising a longitudinal steel section having a base web portion and a first base flange portion and a second base flange portion extending from both ends of the base web portion, a plurality of long holes extending in a material axial direction are provided in a staggered pattern in the base web portion, and a face material is joined to an upper surface of the first base flange portion, Yield point is 400N / mm 2 More than 500N / mm 2 The steel section is made of the following steel materials: Undercoat material.

2. a ratio W1:W2 of a width W1 of the long hole in the material axis direction to a width W2 between the long holes in the material axis direction is 10:1; the plurality of long holes are arranged in a plurality of rows spaced apart from each other in a height direction perpendicular to the material axis direction, and when the row of the plurality of long holes closest to the first base flange portion is defined as a first row, a ratio H0:D0 of a height H0 of the structural steel to a distance D0 from an upper surface of the first base flange portion to an upper end of the first row is 90:13; The base member according to claim 1 .

3. A ratio W1:W2 of a width W1 of the long hole in the material axis direction to a width W2 between the long holes in the material axis direction is 10:

1. The base member according to claim 1 .

4. The width W1 of the slot is 60 mm, and the width W2 between the slots is 6 mm. The base member according to claim 3 .

5. the plurality of long holes are arranged in a plurality of rows spaced apart from each other in a height direction perpendicular to the material axis direction, and when the row of the plurality of long holes closest to the first base flange portion is defined as a first row, a ratio H0:D0 of a height H0 of the structural steel to a distance D0 from an upper surface of the first base flange portion to an upper end of the first row is 90:13; The base member according to claim 1 .

6. The height H0 of the steel section is 90 mm, and the distance D0 from the upper surface of the first base flange portion to the upper end of the first row is 13 mm. The base member according to claim 5 .

7. A plurality of base members each comprising the base member according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and arranged at intervals in a width direction perpendicular to the material axis direction; At least one face material joined to an upper surface of the first base flange portion of each of the plurality of base members; A surface material joint comprising:

8. A pair of runners is made of longitudinal channel steel having a runner web portion and a first runner flange portion and a second runner flange portion extending from both ends of the runner web portion, and extends in a direction separating the plurality of base members at both ends of the plurality of base members, and is joined to the plurality of base members with the ends of the plurality of base members inserted inside grooves formed by the runner web portion, the first runner flange portion, and the second runner flange portion. The face material joint body according to claim 7, further comprising:

9. A plurality of base members each comprising the base member according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and arranged at intervals in a width direction perpendicular to the material axis direction; At least one face material joined to an upper surface of the first base flange portion of each of the plurality of base members; A plurality of roofing materials arranged on the surface material; a pair of runners each made of a longitudinal channel steel having a runner web portion and a first runner flange portion and a second runner flange portion extending from both ends of the runner web portion, the pair of runners extending in a direction separating the plurality of base members at both ends of the plurality of base members and joined to the plurality of base members with ends of the plurality of base members inserted inside grooves formed by the runner web portion, the first runner flange portion and the second runner flange portion; Equipped with Roof panel.

10. A plurality of base members each comprising the base member according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and arranged at intervals in a width direction perpendicular to the material axis direction; At least one face material joined to an upper surface of the first base flange portion of each of the plurality of base members; A plurality of wall materials arranged on the surface material; a pair of runners each made of a longitudinal channel steel having a runner web portion and a first runner flange portion and a second runner flange portion extending from both ends of the runner web portion, the pair of runners extending in a direction separating the plurality of base members at both ends of the plurality of base members and joined to the plurality of base members with ends of the plurality of base members inserted inside grooves formed by the runner web portion, the first runner flange portion and the second runner flange portion; Equipped with Wall panel.

Images