Solid carbon production apparatus and solid carbon production method

Abstract

To provide a solid carbon production apparatus in which solid carbon is generated inside a catalyst tube, the apparatus enabling solid carbon to be separated from the catalyst tube with a simple configuration, and also allowing the destruction of bridges formed by bridging phenomena.SOLUTION: A solid carbon production apparatus 20A comprises a catalyst tube 31 having a one-side opening 31a and an other-side opening 31b, where solid carbon is generated inside the catalyst tube 31 by flowing a process gas between the one-side opening 31a and the other-side opening 31b. The catalyst tube 31 is installed such that the one-side opening 31a is positioned lower than the other-side opening 31b. The apparatus also comprises injection means 33 that injects a separation gas into the catalyst tube 31 from the one-side opening 31a toward the other-side opening 31b.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a solid carbon production apparatus and a solid carbon production method for producing solid carbon within a catalyst tube. [Background technology]

[0002] For example, a technology is known in which a portion of combustion exhaust gas containing carbon monoxide generated from facilities where combustion, pyrolysis, etc. are carried out, such as waste incineration facilities, chemical plant facilities, power generation facilities, etc., is supplied to a solid carbon production device and carbon is precipitated to produce solid carbon (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

[0003] The solid carbon production apparatus of Patent Document 1 is configured to include a plurality of plate-shaped catalysts, which are fixedly arranged in parallel in a vertical direction with their plate surfaces facing each other within the apparatus, and to deposit solid carbon on the catalysts by contacting the catalysts with the combustion exhaust gas fed from the top of the apparatus. In this solid carbon production apparatus, a cylindrical section is defined by the plate-shaped catalysts facing each other and the inner wall of the apparatus. Inside the cylindrical section, a scraper is disposed as a separation means for separating the carbon deposited on the catalyst from the catalyst. The scraper is supported by a support member such as a chain so as to be slidable along the surface shape of the catalyst. Then, inside the cylindrical section, the scraper is moved via the support member to remove the solid carbon deposited on the catalyst. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2004-84965 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] The solid carbon production apparatus of Patent Document 1 is configured to mechanically remove solid carbon deposited on a catalyst by using a scraper, which requires a scraper, a support member for supporting the scraper, and a drive unit for moving the scraper via the support member, making the apparatus configuration complicated.

[0006] Furthermore, in the solid carbon manufacturing apparatus of Patent Document 1, if a bridge phenomenon occurs in which particles of solid carbon precipitated on the catalyst adhere to each other and grow against gravity to form an arch-shaped structure (hereinafter referred to as a "bridge"), the bridge cannot be destroyed by a scraper configured to scrape off the solid carbon precipitated on the catalyst, and there is a risk that the bridge will block the cylindrical portion.

[0007] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above problems, and has an object to provide a solid carbon production apparatus and a solid carbon production method that are configured to produce solid carbon inside a catalyst tube, and that can separate solid carbon from a catalyst tube with a simple configuration and destroy bridges that are generated due to the bridging phenomenon. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The characteristic configuration of the solid carbon production apparatus according to the present invention for solving the above problems is as follows: A solid carbon production apparatus comprising a catalyst tube having one side opening and another side opening, and configured to generate solid carbon within the catalyst tube by passing a treatment gas between the one side opening and the other side opening, The catalyst tube is installed such that the one side opening is disposed lower than the other side opening, The present invention further comprises an injection means for injecting a separation gas into the catalyst tube from the one side opening toward the other side opening.

[0009] According to the solid carbon production apparatus of this configuration, the solid carbon generated in the catalyst tube is blown away by the separation gas injected into the catalyst tube. In this way, the solid carbon can be separated from the catalyst tube by a simple injection means that injects the separation gas into the catalyst tube. The catalyst tube is installed so that one side opening is located lower than the other side opening. When a bridge phenomenon occurs in a catalyst tube installed in this way, the solid carbon precipitated in the catalyst tube grows against gravity, that is, grows from the one side opening located on the lower side toward the other side opening located on the upper side, forming a bridge with a bottom curved upwardly convex. The bridge formed in this way has a lower rigidity against pressure in the direction opposite to the direction of gravity than against pressure in the direction of gravity. According to the solid carbon production apparatus of this configuration, the separation gas is injected into the catalyst tube from the one side opening located on the lower side toward the other side opening located on the upper side, so that the pressure of the separation gas can be applied to the bridge in the direction opposite to the direction of gravity. This makes it possible to easily destroy the bridge and prevent the catalyst tube from being blocked.

[0010] In the solid carbon production apparatus according to the present invention, As the separation gas, it is preferable to use the process gas and / or an inert gas.

[0011] According to the solid carbon production apparatus of this configuration, since the processing gas and / or the inert gas is used as the separation gas, it is possible to prevent combustion due to reaction with the processing gas, and to safely separate the solid carbon from the catalyst tube.

[0012] In the solid carbon production apparatus according to the present invention, The injection means is an injection nozzle arranged to be capable of injecting the separation gas toward the inside of the catalyst tube; A Venturi tube arranged along the injection direction of the injection nozzle; Including, It is preferable that a gap is provided between the Venturi tube and the injection nozzle.

[0013] According to the solid carbon production apparatus of this configuration, when the separation gas is injected from the injection nozzle toward the inside of the catalyst tube, in addition to the separation gas, surrounding gas sucked in from the gap between the Venturi tube and the injection nozzle by the Venturi effect is injected into the catalyst tube, so that solid carbon can be separated from the catalyst tube more efficiently.

[0014] In the solid carbon production apparatus according to the present invention, The injection means preferably includes a Laval nozzle arranged to be able to inject the separation gas into the catalyst tube.

[0015] According to the solid carbon production apparatus having this configuration, the separation gas is accelerated in the Laval nozzle and can be sprayed at high speed, so that the effect of separating solid carbon from the catalyst tube can be further increased.

[0016] In the solid carbon production apparatus according to the present invention, It is preferable that the apparatus further comprises a recovery means for recovering the solid carbon separated from the catalyst tubes by the separation gas.

[0017] If the solid carbon separated from the catalyst tube by the separation gas accumulates inside the solid carbon production apparatus to a certain extent or more, there is a risk of malfunction such as stagnation of the flow of the treatment gas, and therefore it is necessary to stop the operation of the apparatus and remove the solid carbon accumulated inside the apparatus, which reduces the productivity of solid carbon. Therefore, in the solid carbon production apparatus of this configuration, the solid carbon separated from the catalyst tube by the separation gas is recovered by a recovery means. This makes it unnecessary to stop the operation of the apparatus to recover the solid carbon, and allows continuous operation, thereby improving the productivity of solid carbon.

[0018] In the solid carbon production apparatus according to the present invention, The injection means preferably injects the separation gas at regular time intervals and / or when a pressure difference between the upstream side and downstream side of the gas flow of the process gas in the catalyst tube exceeds a specified value.

[0019] According to the solid carbon production apparatus of this configuration, the separation gas is injected at regular time intervals and / or when the differential pressure between the upstream and downstream sides of the gas flow of the treatment gas in the catalyst tube exceeds a specified value, so that it is possible to reliably prevent the catalyst tube from being blocked by the bridging phenomenon.

[0020] Next, the characteristic configuration of the method for producing solid carbon according to the present invention for solving the problems is as follows: A method for producing solid carbon, comprising the steps of: passing a treatment gas between a one-side opening and a other-side opening of a catalyst tube to generate solid carbon within the catalyst tube, the method comprising the steps of: The catalyst tube is installed such that the one side opening is disposed lower than the other side opening, The method further comprises the step of injecting a separation gas into the catalyst tube from the one side opening toward the other side opening.

[0021] According to the solid carbon production method of this configuration, the injection step is performed to inject a separation gas into the catalyst tube from one opening located on the lower side toward the other opening located on the upper side. This not only makes it possible to separate solid carbon from the catalyst tube, but also makes it possible to apply pressure from the separation gas to the bridge in the direction opposite to the direction of gravity, making it possible to easily destroy the bridge. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0022] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a carbon dioxide solid carbonization facility equipped with a solid carbon production apparatus according to the present invention. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a structural explanatory diagram that illustrates a solid carbon production apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a structural explanatory diagram that illustrates a solid carbon production apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a structural explanatory diagram that illustrates a solid carbon production apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 5]FIG. 5 is a structural explanatory diagram that illustrates a solid carbon production apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0023] The present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the following embodiment, an example in which the solid carbon production device of the present invention is applied to a carbon dioxide solid carbonization facility attached to a waste incineration treatment facility will be described. However, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments described below or the configurations shown in the drawings. In the following description, the exhaust gas supply line 7, the treated gas line 10, and the hydrogen supply line 23 are gas pipelines composed of required pipes, ducts, etc.

[0024] <Outline of carbon dioxide solid carbonization equipment> Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a carbon dioxide solid carbonization facility 1 equipped with a solid carbon production apparatus 20 according to the present invention. The carbon dioxide solid carbonization facility 1 shown in Fig. 1 (hereinafter simply referred to as "solid carbonization facility 1") is equipped with a carbon dioxide capture device 5. Combustion exhaust gas discharged from an incinerator of a waste incineration treatment facility 3 is introduced into the carbon dioxide capture device 5 via an exhaust gas supply line 7. The carbon dioxide capture device 5 captures carbon dioxide contained in the combustion exhaust gas.

[0025] Here, the carbon dioxide capture device 5 may be, for example, a device using a chemical absorption method, a membrane separation method, a physical absorption method, a solid absorption method, or the like. The carbon dioxide capture device 5 using the chemical absorption method uses, for example, an amine absorption liquid, and is configured to separate and capture only carbon dioxide by chemically bonding (reacting) carbon dioxide in the combustion exhaust gas with the amine. The carbon dioxide capture device 5 using the membrane separation method is configured to separate and capture carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas using a solid thin film having a separation function and utilizing its permeability selectivity. The carbon dioxide capture device 5 using the physical absorption method is configured to separate and capture carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas by dissolving it in a liquid. The carbon dioxide capture device 5 using the solid absorption method is configured to use zeolite, activated carbon, or the like as an adsorbent for physical adsorption, or an inorganic porous material carrying an alkali metal or amines as an adsorbent for chemical adsorption, and to separate and capture carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas by adsorbing it to the adsorbent.

[0026] 1 further includes a reverse shift reactor 15 and a solid carbon production apparatus 20 disposed on a process gas line 10 through which the process gas from the carbon dioxide capture apparatus 5 flows. Note that in the solid carbonization apparatus 1, the process gas flowing through the process gas line 10 before being introduced into the reverse shift reactor 15 may be preheated and heated by a preheater (not shown) and a heater (not shown) as necessary.

[0027] <Reverse shift reactor> The reverse shift reactor 15 is supplied with a process gas containing carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide recovery unit 5 via a process gas line 10, and also with hydrogen from a hydrogen supply means 25 including, for example, a hydrogen storage tank 21 and a hydrogen supply line 23, via the process gas line 10. In the reverse shift reactor 15, carbon monoxide and water are produced from carbon dioxide and hydrogen by the reverse shift reaction represented by the following formula (1). CO2 + H2 → CO + H2O (1)

[0028] The reverse shift reactor 15 is a device filled with a metal catalyst that promotes the reaction shown in the above formula (1), and performs both oxidation-reduction reactions (reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide and production of water by oxidation (combustion) of hydrogen) inside the device.

[0029] <Solid carbon production equipment> The solid carbon production device 20 converts (reduces) the carbon monoxide produced by the reverse shift reactor 15 into carbon through a solid carbonization reaction (carbon precipitation reaction) shown in the following formula (2), and also produces carbon dioxide as a by-product. 2CO → C + CO2 (2)

[0030] The solid carbon production apparatus 20 is an apparatus filled with a metal catalyst that promotes the reaction of the above formula (2), and performs both reduction and oxidation of carbon monoxide inside the apparatus. In the solid carbon production apparatus 20, carbon monoxide is passed through the inside of the apparatus and brought into contact with the metal catalyst, whereby carbon is precipitated on the surface of the metal catalyst inside the apparatus. The catalytic reaction temperature inside the solid carbon production apparatus 20 is preferably 400 to 700°C (about 500°C in this example).

[0031] In the solid carbonization facility 1 as described above, mainly, a carbon dioxide recovery process, a reverse shift reaction process, and a carbon deposition reaction process are carried out.

[0032] <Carbon dioxide capture process> The carbon dioxide capture step is carried out by introducing the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the incinerator of the waste incineration facility 3 and subjected to dust removal and hazardous substance removal treatments into the carbon dioxide capture device 5 via the exhaust gas supply line 7, and then introducing the combustion exhaust gas into an absorption tower containing, for example, an amine-based absorbing liquid to bring the combustion exhaust gas into contact with the absorbing liquid, sending the absorbing liquid that has absorbed the carbon dioxide contained in the combustion exhaust gas from the absorption tower to a regeneration tower, and releasing and capturing the carbon dioxide from the absorbing liquid in the regeneration tower. The treated gas containing carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide capture device 5 is introduced into the reverse shift reactor 15 via the treated gas line 10.

[0033] <Reverse shift reaction process> The reverse shift reaction step is carried out by introducing a treated gas containing hydrogen from the hydrogen supply means 25 together with carbon dioxide into the reverse shift reactor 15, and proceeding with the reverse shift reaction represented by the above formula (1) due to the reduction of carbon dioxide and the oxidation of hydrogen inside the reactor. In the reverse shift reaction step, carbon monoxide and water (water vapor) are produced.

[0034] <Carbon deposition reaction process> The carbon deposition reaction step is carried out by introducing the treated gas containing carbon monoxide produced in the reverse shift reaction step into the solid carbon production apparatus 20, and proceeding with the reaction represented by the above formula (2) due to the reduction and oxidation of carbon monoxide inside the apparatus. In the carbon deposition reaction step, carbon monoxide is converted (reduced) into carbon by the action of the metal catalyst, and carbon is deposited on the surface of the metal catalyst inside the solid carbon production apparatus 20. The deposited carbon is collected as solid carbon.

[0035] <Detailed explanation of solid carbon production equipment> Next, a detailed description will be given of the solid carbon manufacturing apparatus 20. The solid carbon manufacturing apparatus 20 collectively refers to solid carbon manufacturing apparatuses 20A, 20B, 20C, and 20D according to a plurality of embodiments described below.

[0036] First Embodiment 2 is a structural explanatory diagram showing a solid carbon production apparatus 20A according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The solid carbon production apparatus 20A shown in FIG. 2 includes a casing 30, a catalyst tube 31, a processing gas supply means 32, an injection means 33, a recovery means 34, and a controller 35.

[0037] <Casing> The inside of the casing 30 is partitioned by a lower partition plate 41 and an upper partition plate 42, which are arranged with their plate surfaces facing each other and at a predetermined interval in the up-down direction (vertical direction). In this example, the inside of the casing 30 is divided into three chambers by the lower partition plate 41 and the upper partition plate 42. Inside the casing 30, a gas introduction chamber 43 is defined and formed on one side (lower side) of the lower partition plate 41. Inside the casing 30, a gas discharge chamber 44 is defined and formed on the other side (upper side) of the upper partition plate 42. Inside the casing 30, a reaction chamber 45 is defined and formed between the lower partition plate 41 and the upper partition plate 42. In addition, in the reaction chamber 45, a heater (not shown) for heating the catalyst tube 31 is arranged outside the catalyst tube 31.

[0038] A differential pressure gauge 47 is attached to the casing 30. The differential pressure gauge 47 measures the differential pressure between the pressure in the gas inlet chamber 43 and the pressure in the gas outlet chamber 44, i.e., the differential pressure between the upstream and downstream sides of the gas flow of the treatment gas in the catalyst tube 31. A measurement signal of this differential pressure gauge 47 is sent to the controller 35.

[0039] <Catalyst tube> The catalyst tube 31 is made of a metal that can be a metal catalyst that promotes the reaction of the formula (2), and is a tubular (cylindrical in this example) catalyst having an insertion hole 48 that forms a flow path through which the process gas can pass. The catalyst tube 31 is installed so that one side opening 31a is located lower than the other side opening 31b. In this example, the catalyst tube 31 is attached to the lower partition plate 41 and the upper partition plate 42 in a penetrating state by an attachment means (not shown) so that the insertion hole 48 faces the up-down direction (vertical direction), the one side opening 31a that opens vertically downward faces the gas introduction chamber 43, and the other side opening 31b that opens vertically upward faces the gas outlet chamber 44. In the catalyst tube 31, the process gas flows from the gas introduction chamber 43 to the gas outlet chamber 44 through the insertion hole 48.

[0040] <Processing gas supply means> The process gas supply means 32 includes a blower 50 that delivers the process gas taken in through the process gas line 10, and a process gas supply pipe 51 for supplying the process gas delivered from the blower 50 to the gas introduction chamber 43. The blower 50 is mainly composed of a blower body 52, a motor 53 connected to the blower body 52, and an inverter 54 that controls the rotation speed of the motor 53. In the process gas supply pipe 51, the upstream side of the process gas flow is connected to the delivery port of the blower 50, and the downstream side of the process gas flow is connected in communication with the gas introduction chamber 43.

[0041] <Injection means> The injection means 33 injects the separation gas into the catalyst tube 31 from one side opening (lower opening) 31a to the other side opening (upper opening) 31b of the catalyst tube 31, and includes a gas storage section 60 and an injection section 61. The gas storage section 60 may be, for example, a high-pressure gas cylinder that stores an inert gas such as nitrogen gas under high pressure as the separation gas. The injection section 61 has a circular tube section 61a extending horizontally to correspond to the multiple catalyst tubes 31 arranged in the casing 30, and end wall sections 61b that close both ends of the circular tube section 61a. A plurality of openings 62 (hereinafter referred to as "injection nozzles 62") are drilled in the peripheral surface of the circular tube section 61a for injecting the separation gas into the tube from one side opening 31a to the other side opening 31b of each of the multiple catalyst tubes 31. The gas storage section 60 and the circular tube section 61a are connected via a separation gas supply pipe 63. A pressure reducing valve 64 and an on-off valve 65 are provided in the separation gas supply pipe 63 in this order from the upstream side to the downstream side of the gas flow.

[0042] <Method of recovery> The recovery means 34 recovers the solid carbon separated from the catalyst tubes 31 by the separation gas, and is connected in communication with the gas outlet chamber 44. Examples of the recovery means 34 include a dust collector that uses a metal filter to filter the gas containing solid carbon, and a centrifugal dust collector called a cyclone.

[0043] <Controller> The controller 35 is mainly composed of a computer, and controls the processing gas supply means 32 and the injection means 33 .

[0044] In the solid carbon production apparatus 20A shown in Fig. 2 and configured as described above, the process gas from the process gas line 10 is supplied to the gas introduction chamber 43 via the blower 50 and the process gas supply pipe 51. At this time, the controller 35 transmits a predetermined control signal to the inverter 54 of the blower 50, and controls the rotation speed of the motor 53 so that the supply amount of the process gas is constant and suitable for the carbon deposition reaction. The process gas introduced into the gas introduction chamber 43 flows from the one side opening 31a into the inside of the catalyst tube 31, and as it flows toward the other side opening 31b, the reaction shown in the above formula (2) progresses due to the catalytic action of the catalyst tube 31, and solid carbon, shown by the symbol "SC" in Fig. 2, is deposited on the surface of the inner circumference side of the catalyst tube 31.

[0045] In the solid carbon manufacturing apparatus 20A, a valve opening operation signal is sent from the controller 35 to the on-off valve 65 at regular time intervals measured by a timer control circuit 35a built into the controller 35 and / or when the differential pressure measured by the differential pressure gauge 47 exceeds a specified value. This causes an operation to separate and remove the solid carbon precipitated by the carbon precipitation reaction in the catalyst tube 31 by the injection means 33.

[0046] <Injection process> When the on-off valve 65 is opened by a valve opening operation signal from the controller 35, the inert gas from the gas storage unit 60 is supplied to each injection nozzle 62 via the separation gas supply pipe 63 and the circular pipe portion 61a, and the inert gas is injected from each injection nozzle 62 toward the inside of the catalyst pipe 31. As a result, the solid carbon generated inside the catalyst pipe 31 is blown away by the separation gas (inert gas and surrounding gas) injected into the catalyst pipe 31, and combustion due to reaction with the treatment gas is prevented, and the solid carbon can be safely separated from the catalyst pipe 31. In this way, the solid carbon can be efficiently and safely separated from the catalyst pipe 31 by the injection means 33, which has a simple configuration in which the separation gas is injected into the catalyst pipe 31 from the injection nozzle 62 formed by opening a key portion of the circular pipe portion 61a, and requires little power. Note that the controller 35 may repeatedly transmit a valve opening operation signal and a valve closing operation signal to the on-off valve 65 during a certain period of time, so that the separation gas is repeatedly injected in a pulsed manner.

[0047] In the solid carbon production apparatus 20A, the catalyst tube 31 is installed in such an orientation that the insertion hole 48 faces the up-down direction (vertical direction), with one side opening 31a opened vertically downward facing the gas introduction chamber 43 and the other side opening 31b opened vertically upward facing the gas discharge chamber 44. When a bridge phenomenon occurs in the catalyst tube 31 installed in this way, the solid carbon precipitated in the catalyst tube 31 grows against gravity, that is, grows from the one side opening 31a arranged on the lower side toward the other side opening 31b arranged on the upper side, and a bridge shown by the symbol "BR" in FIG. 2 is formed, in which the bottom is curved upwardly convexly. The bridge thus formed to block the inside of the catalyst tube 33 has a lower rigidity against pressure in the direction opposite to the direction of gravity than against pressure in the direction of gravity.

[0048] In the solid carbon production apparatus 20A, the separation gas is injected into the catalyst tube 31 from the one side opening 31a toward the other side opening 31b, so that the pressure of the separation gas can be applied to the bridge in the direction opposite to the direction of gravity. This makes it possible to easily break the bridge and prevent the catalyst tube 31 from being clogged.

[0049] The solid carbon separated and removed from the catalyst tubes 31 by carrying out the above-mentioned injection process is recovered by recovery means 34, and the recovered solid carbon is effectively utilized, for example, as a purification agent for combustion exhaust gas or as a material for industrial products.

[0050] Second Embodiment 3 is a structural explanatory diagram that shows a solid carbon manufacturing apparatus 20B according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In the second embodiment, the same or similar parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals in the drawings, and detailed explanations thereof are omitted. In the following, the explanation will be centered on the parts unique to the second embodiment (the same applies to the third and fourth embodiments described later).

[0051] In the second embodiment, the injection means 33, as in the first embodiment, injects the separation gas into the catalyst tube 31 from one side opening (lower opening) 31a toward the other side opening (upper opening) 31b of the catalyst tube 31, and includes a gas storage unit 60 and an injection nozzle 66. A plurality of injection nozzles 66 are disposed in the gas introduction chamber 43 so as to correspond to the plurality of catalyst tubes 31 disposed in the casing 30. Each of the plurality of injection nozzles 66 is mounted in communication with a distribution pipe 67 so as to be able to inject the separation gas into the corresponding catalyst tube 31 from one side opening 31a toward the other side opening 31b. The gas storage unit 60 and the distribution pipe 67 are connected via a separation gas supply pipe 63. Instead of the injection nozzle 66 and the distribution pipe 67, the injection unit 61 in the first embodiment may be adopted.

[0052] The injection means 33 further includes a Venturi tube 68 arranged along the injection direction of the injection nozzle 66. The Venturi tube 68 is connected to the lower end side of each catalyst tube 31 so that a gap is provided between the Venturi tube 68 and the injection nozzle 66.

[0053] <Injection process> When the on-off valve 65 is opened by a valve open operation signal from the controller 35, the inert gas from the gas storage unit 60 is supplied to each injection nozzle 66 via the separation gas supply pipe 63 and the distribution pipe 67, and the inert gas is injected from each injection nozzle 66 toward the inside of the catalyst tube 31. Then, in addition to the inert gas, surrounding gas (treatment gas) sucked in by the Venturi effect from the gap between the injection nozzle 66 and the Venturi tube 68 is injected into the catalyst tube 31. This makes it possible to separate solid carbon from the catalyst tube 31 more efficiently.

[0054] Third Embodiment FIG. 4 is a structural explanatory diagram showing a solid carbon production apparatus 20C according to a third embodiment of the present invention. In the solid carbon production apparatus 20C according to the third embodiment shown in FIG. 4, a Laval nozzle 70 is adopted instead of the injection nozzle 66 and the Venturi tube 68 in the solid carbon production apparatus 20B according to the second embodiment. Other than that, the configuration is the same as that of the solid carbon production apparatus 20B according to the second embodiment. As shown in the partially enlarged view in FIG. 4, the Laval nozzle 70 is formed with a required dimensional ratio in a shape that leads from a trumpet-shaped suction part 72 formed on the base part 71 side connected to the distribution pipe 67 to a diffuser 74 through a throat part 73, and a peripheral gas suction part 75 is formed connected to the outlet side of the diffuser 74. The peripheral gas suction part 75 has a larger diameter than the tip diameter of the diffuser 74, and a plurality of elongated peripheral gas suction holes 76 are provided on the circumferential surface of the peripheral gas suction part 75 so as to be equally divided along the axis.

[0055] In the solid carbon manufacturing apparatus 20C of the third embodiment, too, a valve opening operation signal is transmitted from the controller 35 to the on-off valve 65 at regular time intervals measured by a timer control circuit 35a built into the controller 35 and / or when the differential pressure measured by the differential pressure gauge 47 exceeds a specified value. This causes an operation to separate and remove the solid carbon precipitated by the carbon deposition reaction in the catalyst tube 31 by the injection means 33.

[0056] <Injection process> When the on-off valve 65 is opened by a valve opening operation signal from the controller 35, the inert gas from the gas storage unit 60 is supplied to each Laval nozzle 70 via the separation gas supply pipe 63 and the distribution pipe 67. Then, the inert gas is accelerated to the sonic speed when passing through the throat part 73 of the Laval nozzle 70, and the peripheral gas (processing gas) is attracted and introduced from the peripheral gas suction hole 76 by the airflow ejected at high speed from the diffuser 74, and is ejected from the nozzle outlet 77 into the inside of the catalyst tube 31. The separation gas (inert gas and processing gas) from the nozzle outlet 77 is ejected at high speed accompanied by shock waves due to the shape of the Laval nozzle. At the same time, the diffusion of the separation gas ejected from the nozzle outlet 77 is suppressed by the peripheral gas attraction action in the peripheral gas suction part 75, and the separation gas is flowed into the inner part of the catalyst tube 31 at high speed while maintaining its straightness. In this way, the separation gas is accelerated in the Laval nozzle 70 and can be sprayed at high speed, thereby further increasing the effect of separating solid carbon from the catalyst tubes 31, and enabling solid carbon to be separated from the catalyst tubes 31 more efficiently.

[0057] Fourth Embodiment 5 is a structural explanatory diagram that shows a solid carbon production apparatus 20D according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In the solid carbon production apparatus 20D of the fourth embodiment, the lower part that defines the gas introduction chamber 43 in the casing 30 is formed in a funnel shape. The downstream side of the process gas flow in the process gas supply pipe 51 is connected to the end of the lower part of the casing 30 that is formed in a funnel shape. In the solid carbon production apparatus 20D of the fourth embodiment, the process gas supply means 32 is configured to also function as the "injection means" of the present invention.

[0058] In the solid carbon manufacturing apparatus 20D of the fourth embodiment, the controller 35 transmits a predetermined control signal to the inverter 54 of the blower 50 to temporarily increase the output of the blower 50 at regular intervals based on the timing of the timer control circuit 35a built in the controller 35 and / or when the differential pressure measured by the differential pressure gauge 47 exceeds a specified value, and controls the rotation speed of the motor 53 so as to supply a processing gas amount that generates a pressure that can destroy the bridge as well as blow away the solid carbon generated in the catalyst tube 31. As a result, the solid carbon generated in the catalyst tube 31 can be blown away by the processing gas supplied from the processing gas supply means 32 and flowing from the one side opening 31a to the other side opening 31b, and the solid carbon can be separated from the catalyst tube 31. Even if a bridge occurs due to the bridge phenomenon, the bridge can be easily destroyed, and the blockage of the catalyst tube 31 can be prevented.

[0059] Although the solid carbon manufacturing apparatus of the present invention has been described above based on a number of embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the configurations described in the above embodiments, and the configurations can be appropriately changed within the scope of the gist of the present invention, such as by appropriately combining the configurations described in the respective embodiments. [Industrial Applicability]

[0060] The solid carbon production apparatus of the present invention can be used in applications such as thermal power plants, steel mills, oil refineries, hydrogen production facilities, general waste incineration facilities, and biomass power plants, in which solid carbon is obtained by contacting a gas containing carbon monoxide produced from carbon dioxide contained in combustion exhaust gas with a catalyst tube, thereby reducing carbon dioxide. [Explanation of symbols]

[0061] 20A~20D Solid carbon production equipment 31 Catalyst tube 31a One side opening 31b Other side opening 32 Processing gas supply means (also serves as "injection means") 33 Injection means 34 Recovery Methods 35 Controller 35a Timer control circuit 47 Differential pressure gauge 62,66 Injection nozzle 68 Venturi Tube 70 Laval Nozzle

Claims

1. A solid carbon production apparatus comprising a catalyst tube having one side opening and another side opening, and configured to generate solid carbon within the catalyst tube by passing a treatment gas between the one side opening and the other side opening, The catalyst tube is installed such that the one side opening is disposed lower than the other side opening, a solid carbon producing apparatus comprising an injection means for injecting a separation gas into the catalyst tube from the one side opening toward the other side opening.

2. 2. The solid carbon production apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the treatment gas and / or an inert gas is used as the separation gas.

3. The injection means is an injection nozzle arranged to be capable of injecting the separation gas toward the inside of the catalyst tube; A Venturi tube arranged along the injection direction of the injection nozzle; Including, 3. The solid carbon production device according to claim 1, wherein a gap is provided between the Venturi tube and the injection nozzle.

4. 3. The solid carbon production apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the injection means includes a Laval nozzle arranged to be capable of injecting the separation gas into the catalyst tube.

5. 3. The solid carbon production apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a recovery means for recovering the solid carbon separated from the catalyst tube by the separation gas.

6. 3. The solid carbon production apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the injection means injects the separated gas at regular time intervals and / or when a pressure difference between the upstream and downstream sides of the gas flow of the treatment gas in the catalyst tube exceeds a specified value.

7. A method for producing solid carbon, comprising the steps of: passing a treatment gas between a one-side opening and a other-side opening of a catalyst tube to generate solid carbon within the catalyst tube, the method comprising the steps of: The catalyst tube is installed such that the one side opening is disposed lower than the other side opening, A method for producing solid carbon, comprising the step of injecting a separation gas into the catalyst tube from the one side opening toward the other side opening.

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