Device, method and program

Abstract

To increase deliverable power to a power transaction market using a storage battery.SOLUTION: A device calculates a reference value in a predetermined time zone on the basis of SOC-related information acquired at time in timing before start of the predetermined time zone, information showing charge and discharge amounts of a storage battery in a period from the time to the start of the predetermined time zone, upper limit capacity information of the storage battery, charge efficiency of the storage battery, discharge efficiency of the storage battery, and time information showing length of the predetermined time zone, and calculates deliverable power of the storage battery in the predetermined time zone on the basis of the upper limit capacity information, the discharge efficiency of the storage battery, and the time information showing length of each of the time zone and the period.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 11

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a technique for calculating the power of a storage battery, and more particularly to a technique for calculating the power that can be provided from a storage battery for power trading. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Publication No. 2021-105755 (Patent Document 1) discloses that selling bid data including the available amount of supply and demand adjustment capacity and the time periods during which supply and demand adjustment capacity can be provided is transferred to an electricity trading agreement calculation device from a selling bidder terminal device installed in the office of a supply and demand adjustment capacity provider, which is the selling bidder in the supply and demand adjustment market, for the purpose of agreement. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent Publication No. 2021-105755 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] When supplying the amount of power of supply and demand adjustment capacity to an electricity trading market such as a supply and demand adjustment market by using the charging and discharging of a storage battery, the amount of power that can be supplied is determined based on the in-house load and charging plan predicted in advance, and is then bid on the electricity market. In such an electricity trading market, until the actual supply and demand cross section is reached, which is the time when supply and demand are actually implemented, it is not known how much of the agreed bid amount is required to be supplied by the adjustment command, so there is a problem that only bids that include the available power can be made low in order to enable recovery charging of the storage battery and to enable continuous bidding. Patent Document 1 describes a method of bidding on a supply and demand adjustment market with the available supply amount calculated in advance, but does not propose a technology to solve this problem.

[0005] The present disclosure has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and has an object to provide a technique capable of increasing the amount of electricity that can be provided from a storage battery to the electricity trading market. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] According to one aspect of this disclosure, an apparatus for calculating the power that can be supplied from a storage battery includes: a means for calculating a reference value for a specified time period of the storage battery based on SOC-related information of the storage battery acquired by the apparatus at a time before the start of the specified time period among one or more time periods that can constitute a trading period in an electricity trading market, information indicating the charge / discharge amount of the storage battery during the period from the specified time period to the start of the specified time period, upper limit capacity information of the storage battery, the charging efficiency of the storage battery, the discharging efficiency of the storage battery, and time information indicating the length of the specified time period; and a means for calculating the supplyable power of the storage battery during the specified time period based on at least the upper limit capacity information of the storage battery, the discharge efficiency of the storage battery, time information indicating the length of the specified time period, and time information indicating the length of the period.

[0007] According to another aspect of this disclosure, an apparatus for calculating the power that can be supplied from a storage battery includes: a means for calculating, for a specified time period among one or more time periods that can constitute a trading period in an energy trading market, dischargeable power and a reference value of the storage battery for the specified time period based on SOC-related information of the storage battery acquired by the apparatus at a time before the start of the specified time period, information indicating the charge / discharge amount of the storage battery for the period from the specified time period to the start of the specified time period, upper limit capacity information of the storage battery, the charging efficiency of the storage battery, the discharging efficiency of the storage battery, and time information indicating the length of the specified time period; and a means for calculating the supplyable power of the storage battery for the specified time period based on the dischargeable power and the reference value.

[0008] In the above disclosure, the reference value calculated by the means for calculating the reference value in a predetermined time period indicates power equal to or less than the rated output of the storage battery.

[0009] In the above disclosure, the dischargeable power and the reference value calculated by the means for calculating the dischargeable power and the reference value in a predetermined time period respectively indicate power equal to or less than the rated output of the storage battery.

[0010] In the above disclosure, the supplyable power calculated by the means for calculating the supplyable power of the storage battery indicates power equal to or less than the rated output of the storage battery.

[0011] In the above disclosure, the electricity trading market includes a supply and demand adjustment market in which adjustment power is traded, and the information indicating the charge / discharge amount of the storage battery during a period indicates the adjustment power agreed upon for each of one or more time periods that make up the period.

[0012] In the above disclosure, the time refers to a time before the start of the predetermined time slot and before the deadline for registering the reference value calculated for the predetermined time slot in the energy trading market.

[0013] In the above disclosure, the device further includes a command unit that outputs commands to control charging and discharging of the storage battery, and the commands include commands to control charging and discharging of the storage battery during a specified time period using a reference value calculated for the specified time period and a combined value of charging and discharging power based on multiple purposes of the storage battery.

[0014] In the above disclosure, the device further includes a command unit that outputs commands to control charging and discharging of the storage battery, and the commands include a reference value and a sum of regulated power for exchanging power between the storage battery and a power transmission and distribution equipment device including a power system managed by a power transmission and distribution business operator, and a command for exchanging a reference value and available power between the storage battery and a power transmission and distribution equipment device including a power system managed by a power transmission and distribution business operator, including a command for charging and discharging power for arbitrage.

[0015] A method according to another aspect of the present disclosure is a method implemented by a processor, and includes the steps of: calculating a reference value for a specified time period of a storage battery based on SOC-related information of the storage battery acquired at a time before the start of the specified time period among one or more time periods that can constitute a trading period in an energy trading market, information indicating the charge / discharge amount of the storage battery during a period from the start of the specified time period to the start of the specified time period, upper limit capacity information of the storage battery, the charging efficiency of the storage battery, the discharging efficiency of the storage battery, and time information indicating the length of the specified time period; and calculating a supplyable power of the storage battery during the specified time period based on at least the upper limit capacity information of the storage battery, the discharge efficiency of the storage battery, time information indicating the length of the specified time period, and time information indicating the length of the period.

[0016] A method according to another aspect of the present disclosure is a method implemented by a processor, and includes the steps of: calculating, for a specified time period among one or more time periods that can constitute a trading period in an energy trading market, dischargeable power and a reference value of the storage battery during the specified time period based on SOC-related information of the storage battery acquired at a time before the start of the specified time period, information indicating the charge / discharge amount of the storage battery during the period from the time until the start of the specified time period, upper limit capacity information of the storage battery, the charging efficiency of the storage battery, the discharging efficiency of the storage battery, and time information indicating the length of the specified time period; and calculating, based on the dischargeable power and the reference value, the supplyable power of the storage battery during the specified time period.

[0017] In another aspect of the present disclosure, a program for causing a processor to execute the above-described method is provided. Effect of the Invention

[0018] According to the present disclosure, it is possible to increase the amount of electricity that can be provided to the electricity trading market using storage batteries. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0019] [Figure 1]1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a control system configuration for a group of distributed power sources according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 2] 1 is a diagram illustrating a network system according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 3] 2 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of a server 10. FIG. [Figure 4] 2 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of a higher-level control device 30. FIG. [Diagram 5] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration according to the present embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of transaction information 195 according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] 1 is a diagram showing a schematic diagram of a concept of calculation of a reference value and an outputtable power according to the present embodiment; [Figure 8] 2 is a diagram illustrating charging efficiency and discharging efficiency in the power storage system of FIG. 1. [Figure 9] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a schematic diagram of calculation of dischargeable power An+4Ref in FIG. 7. [Figure 10] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a schematic diagram of calculation of the chargeable power Bn+4Ref in FIG. 7. [Figure 11] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a schematic diagram of a calculation procedure of the outputtable power according to the embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a schematic diagram of a procedure for analytically deriving the outputtable power according to the embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 13] 11A to 11C are diagrams illustrating changes in time ΔT according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 14] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a selling bid pattern according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a process flow in the energy trading market corresponding to the bidding pattern shown in FIG. 14. [Figure 16] FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a process flow in the energy trading market corresponding to the bidding pattern shown in FIG. 14. [Figure 17] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a bidding plan in an aggregator according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 18] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a bidding plan in an aggregator according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 19] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a bidding plan in an aggregator according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 20] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a flowchart of a process according to the present embodiment. [Figure 21] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a flowchart of a process according to the present embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0020] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the same members are denoted by the same reference numerals. Their names and functions are also the same. Therefore, detailed description thereof will not be repeated.

[0021] <Terminology> The main terms used in this disclosure will be explained.

[0022] "Adjustment capacity" is the ability to adjust supply and demand that electricity transmission and distribution companies need to adjust the supply and demand balance in their electricity supply areas, and adjustment capacity is procured from the supply and demand adjustment market.

[0023] Then, commands are sent to power plants and storage plants to actually supply the balancing power procured from the market to the power grid. These commands are called "balancing commands." In other words, balancing commands are commands for the power transmission and distribution companies to use the balancing power to adjust the supply and demand balance.

[0024] "Aggregation" refers to bundling one or more resources that can provide balancing power, such as storage batteries, and controlling them together for the purpose of energy trading.

[0025] "Aggregator" refers to an entity that performs aggregation.

[0026] A "block" is a unit time period that can constitute a trading period in the energy trading market. A block is a time period managed when trading, and has a predetermined length.

[0027] In this embodiment, the power transaction includes bidding, winning bids, and agreements. In the supply and demand adjustment market, a consumer or a power storage plant makes a selling bid for adjustment capacity (supplyable power (W)), and a power transmission and distribution business operator or the like makes a buying bid for adjustment capacity. When both bids are won in the trading market and an agreement is made between the two parties, a transaction is established. Transaction information handled in such a transaction includes, for example, information on a bid amount from a consumer or a power storage plant indicating power (W) that does not exceed the supplyable power, a winning bid amount indicating power that does not exceed the power indicated by the bid amount, and an agreement amount indicating power that does not exceed the power indicated by the winning bid amount. The transaction information further includes a buying bid amount from a power transmission and distribution business operator as the bid amount, but in the present disclosure, the bid amount mainly indicates a selling bid amount from a consumer or a power storage plant. In addition, in the block, actual supply and demand is carried out for a storage battery by charging according to a reference value registered for the block and discharging according to an adjustment command.

[0028] "Remaining capacity" refers to the dischargeable capacity (Wh: watt-hours) of a storage battery at a given time.

[0029] "SOC (State Of Charge)" is an index that indicates the charging state of a storage battery. The index includes, for example, "remaining capacity."

[0030] "GC (Gate Close)" is the time before the start of actual supply and demand for a block and corresponds to the deadline for registering the reference value of that block in the market trading server.

[0031] "Available electricity" refers to the amount of dischargeable electricity (W) that can be bid on the supply and demand adjustment market from a storage battery during a certain period of time.

[0032] "SOC related information" is a summary of specific examples of an index (SOC) that indicates the state of charge of a storage battery. The SOC related information includes, for example, a calculated value (%) calculated from the maximum dischargeable capacity (Wh) of the storage battery and the dischargeable capacity (Wh) at a certain point in time, a value indicating only the remaining capacity, which is the dischargeable capacity (Wh) at a certain point in time, and a value calculated by a predetermined calculation using at least two or more parameters or all parameters among a plurality of parameters such as past charge / discharge power (W), charge / discharge current (A: amperes), charge / discharge voltage (V: volts), elapsed time, the number of past charge / discharge cycles, and battery deterioration information of the storage battery.

[0033] The "reference value" is the charging power that serves as the reference when measuring the discharge power as an adjustment power in the supply and demand adjustment market, and indicates the charging power that must be a constant value (W) in a block or a specified time period (e.g., 30 minutes). In addition, the reference value may include charging power for other uses, such as charging power by energy management. The reference value in a situation where no charging is performed at all is 0, and the reference value may be 0.

[0034] The "baseline value plan" is synonymous with the charging plan value (W) or "planned output value" (W) based on the base value of the storage battery in the period (block) that is the subject of trading in the supply and demand adjustment market.

[0035] The "upper limit capacity information" is information indicating the maximum dischargeable capacity (Wh) of the storage battery, and includes information indicating the maximum remaining capacity or rated capacity (Wh) that can be discharged. It is not limited to this, and may include information indicating the contract output (W) x block time (hours).

[0036] "Upper limit output information" is information indicating the maximum dischargeable power (W) of the storage battery or the maximum chargeable power (W) of the storage battery, and includes information indicating the maximum dischargeable power, the maximum chargeable power, or the rated output, but is not limited to these, and may also include information indicating the contracted output (W) for the block.

[0037] <Disclosed Technology> When charging and discharging electricity in an electricity trading market such as a balancing market using a power source such as a storage battery, the available electricity is calculated in advance based on the battery's charging plan, etc., and is bid on the electricity market, etc. In a balancing market, a base value plan (energy management plan and charging plan) must be registered in advance in the balancing market system, but the value of this base value plan can be changed up until the GC immediately before actual supply and demand.

[0038] In this disclosure, based on the background of such transactions, a method for calculating the amount of bids (supplyable power) to the supply and demand adjustment market is shown, on the premise that the reference value plan is changed at least one hour before the actual supply and demand. In addition, charging of a power source such as a storage battery is controlled based on the changed reference value. As a result, it is possible to increase the amount of available bids by placing a bid based on controlling a power source such as a storage battery based on a reference value that is changed within an assumed range, rather than placing a bid based on a reference value plan predicted (or assumed) in advance.

[0039] The following describes a mechanism for increasing the amount of power that can be bid on the electricity market, assuming that the base value plan, etc. will be changed immediately before actual supply and demand is reached.

[0040] In the following, the supply and demand adjustment market and the wholesale electricity market are shown as electricity trading markets to which the present disclosure is applied, but the present disclosure may be applied to various markets such as the capacity market without being limited to these electricity trading markets. The adjustment capacity agreed upon in such an electricity trading market includes, for example, the primary adjustment capacity, the secondary adjustment capacity (1), the secondary adjustment capacity (2), the tertiary adjustment capacity (1), the tertiary adjustment capacity (2), and their composite products in the supply and demand adjustment market, the adjustment capacity for surplus utilization in the surplus utilization power source contract, the activation command power in the capacity market, the purchased electricity (= arbitrage charging, reference value) in the wholesale electricity market, and the sold electricity (= arbitrage discharge).

[0041] <System> FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an example of a control system configuration for a group of distributed power sources according to this embodiment. The system shown in FIG. 1 is a VPP (Virtual Power Plant) system. The VPP system is a mechanism for bundling a large number of energy resources and controlling these energy resources to function like a single power plant. In this embodiment, a chargeable and dischargeable storage battery 50 provided in a consumer or power storage facility 40 constitutes a "power adjustment resource" that provides adjustment power to the supply and demand adjustment market. The consumer or power storage facility 40 will be referred to as consumer facility 40 below.

[0042] The customer facility 40 includes a lower-level control device 20, a power storage system 27 having a storage battery 50 and a PCS (Power Conditioning System) 23, a meter 22, a distribution board 25, equipment 24 such as loads and other power sources, and a gateway 21 for communicating with a higher-level control device 30 and the like. The storage battery 50 is connected to the distribution board 25 via the storage system 27 and the meter 22, and the equipment 24 is also connected to the distribution board 25. In addition, a power system 100 for power transmission and distribution managed by a power transmission and distribution company is connected to the distribution board 25 via a meter 26 located outside the customer facility 40. The meter 22 and 26 are composed of smart meters that measure power, etc. The meter 26 measures the power exchanged between the customer facility 40 and the power system 100, and the meter 22 connected directly above the storage system 27 measures the input and output power of the storage battery 50. The low-level control device 20 performs various processes such as deriving the amount of power based on the measured values ​​from the measuring instruments 22 and 26 .

[0043] The PCS 23 of the power storage system 27 controls the start / end of charging and charging power of the storage battery 50 and the start / end of discharging and discharging power in accordance with commands from the lower-level control device 20. In charging, the PCS 23 converts AC power supplied from the power system 100 via the meter 26, the distribution board 25, and the meter 22 into DC power. In discharging, the PCS 23 converts DC power supplied from the storage battery 50 into AC power, and the AC power is output to the power system 100 via the meter 22, the distribution board 25, and the meter 26.

[0044] The consumer equipment 40 acquires SOC-related information. Here, the remaining capacity of the storage battery 50 is typically used as the SOC-related information. Focusing on the fact that the voltage or current of the storage battery 50 has a correlation with the remaining capacity of the storage battery 50, a detection circuit (not shown) measures the voltage or current of the storage battery 50 and detects the remaining capacity based on cumulative information of the measured voltage or current and the above correlation. Note that the method of detecting the remaining capacity is not limited to this.

[0045] The system in FIG. 1 includes a market trading server 10A, an intermediate supply server 10B ("intermediate supply" is an abbreviation of "central load dispatching center") and a command server 10C on the power transmission and distribution business side, a higher-level control device 30, and a plurality of customer facilities 40 each having a lower-level control device 20. These devices communicate with each other via a wired or wireless communication network, such as a dedicated line, a closed network, or the Internet. The number of customer facilities 40 included in the system is not limited to a plurality of units, and may be one or more units. In the system, the multiple customer facilities 40 form an aggregation in which power adjustment resources are bundled together. A representative lower-level control device 20 or higher-level control device 30 among the multiple customer facilities 40 serves as an aggregator that manages the adjustment power of the aggregation. Alternatively, the lower-level control device 20 of each customer facility 40 may operate as an aggregator that manages its own adjustment power resource (storage battery 50). In this embodiment, for example, the upper controller 30 communicates with the lower controller 20 of each customer facility 40, so that the multiple customer facilities 40 act as aggregators for aggregations in which power adjustment resources are bundled together.

[0046] The business operator that has the intermediate supply server 10B and the command server 10C is a power transmission and distribution business operator, but the business operator that has the upper control device 30 may be a power generation business operator or a retail electricity business operator, or may be a business operator that combines these functions. The business operator that has the upper control device 30 concludes a VPP service contract with the consumer, etc. that has the consumer equipment 40. The lower control device 20 of each consumer equipment 40 controls the charging and discharging of the storage battery 50 via the upper control device 30.

[0047] In the electricity market, trading of products handled in the market is carried out for blocks, which are unit time periods having a predetermined length to be traded. Each market server 10D includes servers for various markets, such as a server for a supply and demand adjustment market and a server for a wholesale electricity market. Each market server 10D receives, for example, a buying bid (e.g., a buying bid from an electricity transmission and distribution business operator) and a selling bid (e.g., a selling bid based on the adjustment capacity supply amount from a consumer contracted by the aggregator or a selling bid from a power plant) from the market trading server 10A held by the aggregator, and matches the two to establish a contract. In order to balance supply and demand in the block, the intermediate supply server 10B and the command server 10C of the electricity transmission and distribution business operator transmit a command to adjust the adjustment capacity according to the available power supply agreed upon for the block to the power plant and the upper control device 30 of the aggregator.

[0048] The supply and demand adjustment market server can be applied to the primary adjustment reserve, secondary adjustment reserve (1), secondary adjustment reserve (2), tertiary adjustment reserve (1), tertiary adjustment reserve (2), etc., which will be described later. The names secondary adjustment reserve (1), secondary adjustment reserve (2), tertiary adjustment reserve (1), and tertiary adjustment reserve (2) correspond to the official names of the supply and demand adjustment market operation menu, and (1) and (2) in these are represented as circled numbers 1 and circled numbers 2, respectively, in the official names, but in this specification they are represented as (1) and (2) without circled numbers.

[0049] The wholesale electricity market server comprises a spot market (synonymous with the one-day-ahead market) for arbitrage trading, and an hour-ahead market. In the hour-ahead market, electricity sales, purchases, and electricity purchases for the reference value can be traded up until just before actual supply and demand.

[0050] The upper control device 30 includes an I / F (abbreviation of Interface) having a communication circuit for communicating with various servers, and an I / F having a communication circuit for communicating with the lower control device 20 of the consumer equipment 40. The upper control device 30 generates and transmits a control command to the lower control device 20 of each consumer equipment 40 based on an adjustment command received from the intermediate supply server 10B or the command server 10C. The lower control device 20 controls the discharge of the storage battery 50 according to the control command. Such power discharged from the storage battery 50 is supplied to the power system 100 as an adjustment power in the supply and demand adjustment market. This allows the power transmission and distribution business operator to procure adjustment power from power plants and consumers based on the agreement of adjustment power via the supply and demand adjustment market, and as a result, the supply and demand balance can be maintained.

[0051] 1, solid arrows indicate wired or wireless communication lines (communication networks), dashed arrows indicate power lines, and thick arrows indicate main information transmission routes between the market trading server 10A, the upper control device 30, and customer facilities 40 (devices within the customer facilities 40) in energy trading.

[0052] <Network configuration and device configuration> Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a network system according to the present embodiment. Fig. 2(A) shows a schematic example of a network system for communicating transaction information in an electricity market, and Fig. 2(B) shows a schematic example of a network system for communicating information for supply and demand adjustment including an adjustment command.

[0053] In the transaction information communication network system of Fig. 2(A), the servers for transactions (market transaction server 10A and each market server 10D) and the upper controller 30 are connected to a wired or wireless network 1A. The upper controller 30 connected to the network 1A communicates with the lower controllers 20 of each consumer facility 40, and also communicates with the transaction server via the network 1A. Transaction information is transferred between these devices in the form of, for example, a CSV (Comma Separated Values) file. Such transaction information is information on electricity transactions for each electricity trading market stored in an HDD (Hard Disk Drive) 154 of each market server 10D, and includes service information 164 that can be provided to consumers.

[0054] In the communication network system of information including adjustment commands for supply and demand adjustment shown in Fig. 2(B), the server (intermediate supply server 10B or command server 10C) that transmits the adjustment commands and the upper controller 30 are connected to a network 1B, which is a dedicated line. The upper controller 30 connected to the network 1B communicates with the lower controllers 20 of each customer facility 40, and also communicates with the adjustment command server via the network 1B.

[0055] In this embodiment, the upper control device 30 is implemented, for example, in a cloud-based server, but the implementation format is not limited to this. Also, in FIG. 2, the market trading server 10A, the lower control device 20, and the upper control device 30 are shown implemented in a desktop PC (Personal Computer), but the implementation format of these devices is not limited to a desktop PC. For example, the lower control device 20 may be a portable information processing terminal (for example, a laptop PC, a tablet terminal, or a smartphone). In the following description, the market trading server 10A, the intermediate supply server 10B, the command server 10C, and each market server 10D are collectively referred to as the server 10 in the common description.

[0056] 3 is a diagram showing a schematic diagram of a hardware configuration of the server 10. As shown in FIG. 3, the server 10 includes, as main components, a processor 151 such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) that executes a program, a ROM (Read Only Memory) 152 that stores data in a non-volatile manner, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 153 that includes a working area when the processor 151 executes the program and also includes an area for volatilely storing data generated by the execution of the program or input data, an HDD (Hard Disk Drive) 154 that stores programs and data in a non-volatile manner, a communication IF (Interface) 155, an input device 156 that accepts operations for the server 10, a display 157 that displays information, a power circuit 158, a timer 162, an I / O (Input / Output) section 163 for communicatively connecting an external device, and an R / W (Read / Write) section 160 that reads and writes data from and to a storage medium 161. These components are connected to each other by a data bus.

[0057] The input device 156 and the display 157 may be integrated into a device such as a touch panel 159. The communication IF 155 includes an interface circuit for controlling communication between the network and the server 10.

[0058] The processing in the server 10 is realized by each piece of hardware and software (programs) executed by the processor 151. Such software may be stored in advance in the HDD 154. In addition, the software may be stored in the storage medium 161 and distributed as a program product. In addition, the software may be provided as a downloadable program product by an information provider connected to the Internet. Such software is read from the storage medium 161 by the R / W unit 160 or downloaded via the communication IF 155, and then temporarily stored in the HDD 154. The software is read from the HDD 154 by the processor 151 and stored in the RAM 153 in the form of an executable program. The processor 151 executes the program.

[0059] 4 is a diagram showing a schematic diagram of the hardware configuration of the upper control device 30. As shown in FIG. 4, the upper control device 30 includes, as main components, a processor 171 such as a CPU that executes a program, a ROM 172 that stores data in a non-volatile manner, a RAM 173 that includes a working area when the processor 171 executes the program and also includes an area for volatilely storing data generated by the execution of the program or input data, an HDD 174 that stores programs and data in a non-volatile manner, a communication IF 175, an input device 176 that accepts operations for the upper control device 30, a display 177 that displays information, a power circuit 178, a timer 182, and an R / W unit 180 that reads and writes data from and to a storage medium 181. These components are connected to each other by a data bus.

[0060] The input device 176 and the display 177 may be integrated and provided as a device such as a touch panel 179. The communication IF 175 includes an interface circuit for controlling communication between the upper control device 30 and the GW. The upper control device 30 may be configured without the input device 176 and the display 177. In such a configuration, the upper control device 30 transfers information to an external device via the communication IF 175 and causes the external device to display the information. Such information for display includes display control data from a GUI unit 65, which will be described later. In addition, the upper control device 30 receives operation information for the device from the external device via the communication IF 175. Such an external device may include the lower control device 20.

[0061] The processing in the upper control device 30 is realized by each piece of hardware and software (programs) executed by the processor 171. Such software may be stored in advance in the HDD 174. In addition, the software may be stored in the storage medium 181 and distributed as a program product. In addition, the software may be provided as a downloadable program product by an information provider connected to the Internet. Such software is read from the storage medium 181 by the R / W unit 180 or downloaded via the communication IF 175, and then temporarily stored in the HDD 174. The software is read from the HDD 174 by the processor 171 and stored in the RAM 173 in the form of an executable program. The processor 171 executes the program.

[0062] HDD 174 includes a system program 190 such as an OS (Operating System), an application program 197 executed under the system program 190, attribute information 194 including attributes of storage battery 50 and attributes related to charging and discharging, and transaction information 195 related to electricity trading. Application program 197 includes a trading program for electricity trading, a control program for controlling charging and discharging of storage battery 50, and the like.

[0063] The attribute information 194 includes information on the upper limit capacity, deterioration information, rated capacity, rated output, etc. of the storage battery 50. The attribute information 194 further includes information on the AD conversion efficiency η C and DA efficiency ηd.

[0064] The transaction information 195 includes information for identifying uncontracted blocks, bidded blocks, and contracted blocks. The transaction information 195 also includes information on the available power and bid amount (= bid power) for the bidded blocks, and information on the successful bid amount (= contract amount, contracted power) for the contracted blocks. The transaction information 195 further includes information on the reference value and reference value plan for each block, and information on the charging and discharging state of the storage battery 50 (such as "Arb discharge" (W), "Arb charge" (W), and "adjustment power supply" (W) described later). This charging and discharging state is related to information indicating the charging and discharging amount, and the charging and discharging state may include a state in which the storage battery 50 has stopped charging and discharging (i.e., a state in which neither charging nor discharging (adjustment power supply) is being performed). In this embodiment, for the sake of simplicity, the charging and discharging state of the storage battery 50 is assumed to be any one of "Arb discharge", "Arb charge", and "adjustment power supply".

[0065] At least a part of the service information 164 in the HDD 154 of each market server 10D is transmitted to the upper control device 30, whereby the transaction information 195 is stored (updated) in the HDD 174.

[0066] Each of the components constituting the server 10 and the upper control device 30 shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 can be provided as a general information processing device. Therefore, it can be said that the essential part of the present invention is software stored in the RAM 153 (173), the HDD 154 (174), and the storage medium 161 (181), or software that can be downloaded via a network. Note that the hardware configuration of the lower control device 20 is similar to the hardware configuration of the upper control device 30 shown in Fig. 4, and therefore the description will not be repeated here.

[0067] Storage medium 161 in FIG. 3 and storage medium 181 in FIG. 4 include volatile storage media or non-volatile storage media, for example, general-purpose semiconductor storage devices such as CF (registered trademark, Compact Flash) and SD (registered trademark, Secure Digital), or magnetic storage media such as a flexible disk, or optical storage media such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory).

[0068] <Functional configuration> Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a functional configuration according to the present embodiment. Fig. 6 is a diagram showing an example of trading information 195 according to the embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 shows main functions realized by the upper control device 30 executing the application program 197. These functions may be implemented in the lower control device 20 or the market trading server 10A.

[0069] 5, the upper control device 30 includes a remaining capacity acquisition unit 51, a determination unit 52 that determines the available power, a control command unit 60 that outputs a control command to control charging and discharging of the storage battery 50, a communication control unit 61 that controls communication via the I / F, an attribute management unit 62 that manages attribute information 194, a transaction management unit 63 that manages storage or updating of transaction information 195, a schedule management unit 64, and a GUI (Graphical User Interface) unit 65 that provides the upper control device 30 with an interface with the outside. The GUI unit 65 generates display control data for visualizing various information including the transaction information 195. The display 157 is controlled according to the display control data, so that the information is visibly output.

[0070] The determination unit 52 includes a supplyable power acquisition unit 54 that acquires the supplyable power together with a reference value from the storage battery 50, and an output unit 55 that stores the acquired reference value and supplyable power or transmits them for trading. The supplyable power acquisition unit 54 includes a dischargeable power calculation unit 541 that calculates the dischargeable power of the storage battery 50, a chargeable power calculation unit 542 that calculates the chargeable output power of the storage battery 50, and a supplyable power calculation unit 543 that calculates the supplyable power of the storage battery 50. The chargeable power calculated by the chargeable power calculation unit 542 corresponds to the reference value.

[0071] The control command unit 60 outputs control commands to the lower-level control device 20 to exchange reference values ​​of power and regulated power, as well as charging and discharging power for arbitrage, for each block between the storage battery 50 and the power transmission and distribution equipment including the power system 100 managed by the power transmission and distribution business operator, and causes the lower-level control device 20 to charge and discharge the storage battery 50 in accordance with the control commands.

[0072] The schedule management unit 64 manages a schedule related to transactions for each block. The schedule includes a schedule related to bidding including a bidding deadline and a schedule including GC for each block. The schedule related to transactions may be managed together with the transaction information 195.

[0073] Here, in this embodiment, the consumer can also carry out power trading in both the supply and demand adjustment market and the wholesale power market. In the wholesale power market, arbitrage trading is carried out in which the storage battery 50 is charged or discharged according to the market price. In such arbitrage trading, the state of the storage battery 50 may include a discharged state (Arb discharge), a charged state (Arb charge), and a state in which neither Arb charge nor Arb discharge is carried out. The transaction information 195 shown in FIG. 6 includes the charge and discharge state of the storage battery 50 in each block Bn (n=1, 2, 3, . . .) in question. The state of the storage battery 50 includes three types of states, Arb discharge, Arb charge, and adjustment power supply, but the types of states are not limited to these. For example, the types of states may include a state in which the storage battery 50 does not carry out charging or discharging.

[0074] The communication control unit 61 communicates transaction information via the network 1A to which the market transaction server 10A and other transaction devices belong. n The information on the reference value determined for a given block B n and a function of transmitting the block B to the transaction device by a predetermined time (GC) before the start of the time period. n a function of transmitting bidding information including a bid amount (= bid power) based on the available power calculated before the bidding deadline for the block B to the trading device by the bidding deadline; n The bidding information includes a function of receiving, from the trading device, contract information indicating the successful bid amount (=contract amount, contracted power) corresponding to the bid amount indicated by the bidding information by the start of the bidding.

[0075] The communication control unit 61 also has a function to receive an adjustment command according to the contract information of the supply and demand adjustment market via the network 1B to which the intermediate supply server 10B and the command server 10C belong, and a function to transmit a command to the lower control device 20 to control the charging and discharging of the storage battery 50. This control command includes a control command based on the received adjustment command. The communication control unit 61 also has a function to receive information on the purchased power and the sold power according to the contract information of the wholesale power market via the network 1A to which each market server 10D and the market trading server 10A belong, and a function to transmit a command to the lower control device 20 to control the charging and discharging of the storage battery 50, which is calculated based on the purchased and sold power information.

[0076] <Concept of calculating standard values ​​and available power supply> In this embodiment, the upper control device 30 operates as an aggregator, treats the storage batteries 50 of multiple lower control devices 20 as one adjustment power resource, and calculates a reference value and a supplyable power for each block by charging and discharging for the adjustment power resource. The upper control device 30 may also treat the storage batteries 50 of each lower control device 20 as an individual adjustment power resource, and calculate a reference value and a supplyable power for each block for each storage battery 50.

[0077] The concept explained below can be applied to primary control reserve, secondary control reserve (1), secondary control reserve (2), tertiary control reserve (1), tertiary control reserve (2), etc. that can be operated in the supply and demand adjustment market. Note that the names secondary control reserve (1), secondary control reserve (2), tertiary control reserve (1), and tertiary control reserve (2) correspond to the official names of the operation menu of the supply and demand adjustment market, and (1) and (2) in these are represented as circled numbers 1 and circled numbers 2, respectively, in the official names, but in this specification they are represented as (1) and (2) without circled numbers.

[0078] (Time to calculate reference value and available power supply) A case will be described where the supplyable power is calculated for a specific block (target block) that is the subject of bidding in the supply and demand adjustment market. In this embodiment, the bid power for the specific block to the supply and demand adjustment market is determined so as not to exceed the supplyable power, so the supplyable power for the specific block is calculated before the bidding deadline. The bid power indicates a value equal to or less than the calculated supplyable power. The more successful bid power determined on the supply and demand adjustment market side with the bid power as the upper limit increases, the more the consumer's income increases. Therefore, if there is no other use for the discharged power from the storage battery 50 in the specific block other than the supply and demand adjustment market transaction, the bid power for the specific block = the supplyable power for the specific block.

[0079] The time when the reference value for a specified block is calculated is set to time T1 (strictly speaking, the time when the values ​​of SOC information and the like required to calculate the reference value are confirmed is T1, and the time when the reference value itself is calculated is a time after T1). Time T1 indicates a time before the start of actual supply and demand for the specified block and a time before GC, which is the deadline for registering the reference value for the specified block. The block of the time slot including time T1 is a block preceding the specified block. Information indicating the state of the storage battery 50 (related to information indicating the charge / discharge amount of the storage battery) for each block from the block of time T1 to the start of the specified block is transferred from each market server 10D to the upper control device 30 and stored in the HDD 174 as trading information 195.

[0080] Under these assumptions, the supplyable power of a given block is calculated at a time before the time T1 before the GC of the given block. This previous time is any time before the bidding deadline for each type of control capacity operated. More specifically, in the case of tertiary control capacity (2), the bidding deadline is before 2 p.m. on the day before the start date of the given block because bidding is conducted day before, and in the case of primary control capacity to tertiary control capacity (1), the bidding deadline is one week before the given block because trading is conducted weekly. The supplyable power of a given block is calculated at such any time before the bidding deadline.

[0081] In this way, the upper control device 30 first calculates the supplyable power for a specified block that is the subject of bidding, and submits a bid to the market server 10D via the market trading server 10A by the subsequent bidding deadline, and then calculates a reference value for the specified block at time T1, and registers (transmits) the reference value to the market server 10D via the market trading server 10A by the subsequent GC.

[0082] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a concept of calculation of the reference value and the available power supply according to the present embodiment. In FIG. 7, a block B n The length of time t for each block (n=1,2,3,...) and block B n 7 shows the update period T of the reference value of . In FIG. 7, the update period T corresponds to time t, but T and t do not necessarily correspond.

[0083] Time t is the minimum time unit for which the planned output value (reference value) is constant, for example, t = 30 minutes. For simplicity of calculation, when the update period T = 3 hours and time t = 30 minutes, it is easier to calculate the reference value if the planned output value (reference value) does not change for a period of 3 hours, which corresponds to (t = 30 minutes x 6 blocks), but theoretically the reference value may be changed every t. n The GC of each block B is one hour before the start of the block time period (start of actual supply and demand). nThe reference value and available power are calculated. However, it should be noted that the reference value can only be updated every T. n In, a smaller value of n indicates a preceding block, and a larger value of n indicates a following block.

[0084] The minimum time unit t at which the reference value becomes constant can be any length of time and is not limited to 30 minutes. For example, this concept can be applied even if it is changed to 15 minutes, 10 minutes, 5 minutes, etc.

[0085] In FIG. 7, block B is the block to be bid on. n+4 At time T1 in FIG. n+4 The time is a predetermined time ΔT before the start of actual supply and demand. n-1 SOC is shown. Time ΔT is 2 hours (a time the length of 4 blocks). Time ΔT can be changed, and the number of blocks in time ΔT changes accordingly. Note that time T1 refers to a point in time, but may also include the concept of a relatively short time of a predetermined length.

[0086] In Figure 7, block B n+4 At any time between time T1 and time T1+t before the start of actual supply and demand (the time indicated by the black circle in FIG. 7), block B n+4 Available power B n+4 Calculate the predicted value of Bid. More specifically, for block B n+4 Regarding Block B n+4 Standard value B n+4 Calculate Ref and change it before GC. n+4 At any time before GC (for example, the time of the black circle in Figure 7), the available power B n+4 In FIG. 7, the predicted value of Bid is calculated. n In Figure 7, this corresponds to the start time of block B. n-1 ~Block B n+3Each block is a block in which some products in the supply and demand adjustment market or wholesale electricity market have already been sold, or in which no contract has been concluded.

[0087] In this embodiment, the update timing of the available power of a given block is determined by the time ΔT, so the error 71 becomes larger as the time period ΔT becomes longer, or the contract output at the time ΔT (block B n Available electricity B n The error 71 increases as the number of adjustment commands in the time ΔT increases, or as the adjustment force required by the adjustment command increases. The graph of FIG. 7 sloping upward at time ΔT indicates that no adjustment command is output at time ΔT and each block B n Planned standard value B n The graph shows the so-called SOC increase scenario, where Ref is charged and the SOC increases. In contrast, the graph sloping downwards shows that at time ΔT, the contracted maximum power is provided by the adjustment command and each block B n Planned standard value B n This shows a so-called SOC drop scenario, in which Ref is charged and the SOC decreases.

[0088] In this way, since the above two scenarios are assumed during the time ΔT, at the end of the time ΔT (i.e., the predetermined block B n+4 At the start of the current limit, an error 71 occurs in the SOC, and the difference between the rated capacity X of the storage battery 50 and the error 71 is n+4 The amount of electricity that can be supplied (the amount of electricity that can be supplied as adjustment capacity) in Block B n+4 The available power (adjustment capacity) in is expressed as the dischargeable power (A n+4 Absolute value of Ref and reference value (B n+4 Based on the Ref (e.g., dischargeable power (A n+4 The absolute value of Ref is the reference value (B n+4 Calculated by adding to Ref.

[0089] In this embodiment, the SOC in the storage battery 50 is handled using the AD conversion efficiency (=charging efficiency) ηc and the DA conversion efficiency (=discharging efficiency) ηd, which will be described later, and the dischargeable power A n Ref (negative value) and chargeable power (or reference value) B n Handles Ref (positive value).

[0090] (Charge / discharge efficiency) Fig. 8 is a diagram for explaining the charging efficiency and discharging efficiency in the power storage system of Fig. 1. In Fig. 8, AD conversion efficiency ηc and DA conversion efficiency ηd are shown as the charging efficiency and discharging efficiency.

[0091] The power storage system 27 includes a PCS (Power Conditioning System) 23 and a storage battery 50. The power storage system 27 may include a plurality of storage batteries 50. The storage battery 50 is a secondary battery that charges and discharges DC power, and the type of the storage battery is not limited. For example, the storage battery includes a lithium ion battery or a sodium sulfur battery. The storage battery is not limited to a single secondary battery, and may be a set of a plurality of secondary batteries.

[0092] The PCS 23 includes an AC end including a node connected to the power system 100, and a DC end including a node connected to the storage battery 50. The PCS 23 includes a converter 231 that converts AC (alternating current) power and DC (direct current) power into each other and outputs the power. The converter 231 converts AC power received at the AC end from the power system 100 into DC power, and outputs the converted DC power to the storage battery 50 via the DC end. The storage battery 50 is charged by the DC power from the PCS 23. The converter 231 converts DC power received at the DC end from the storage battery 50 into AC power, and outputs the converted AC power to the power system 100 via the AC end. The AC power received at the AC end is, for example, 200V (volts) for home use, and the power received at the DC end is, for example, several V to several tens of V according to the specifications of the storage battery 50.

[0093] The conversion efficiency (0%<conversion efficiency≦100%) calculated by output power / input power, which is an attribute unique to converter 231, includes AD conversion efficiency ηc when AC power is converted to DC power, and DA conversion efficiency ηd when DC power is converted to AC power.

[0094] (Dischargeable power A n+4 Calculation of Ref) Figure 9 shows the dischargeable power A in Figure 7. n+4 9 is a diagram showing a schematic diagram of calculation of Ref. n+4 Dischargeable power A n+4 Ref is the time for each block B in time ΔT. n The change in the state of charge (SOC) at the DC terminal at time t is used to calculate the change in the state of charge (SOC). More specifically, for each block B n Depending on the state of the storage battery 50 (either Arb discharge, Arb charge, or regulation power supply), the situation in which the SOC decreases the most is assumed, and the dischargeable power A n+4 Ref is derived according to the procedure shown in FIG.

[0095] More specifically, the dischargeable power calculation unit 541 calculates the dischargeable power of each block B n The state of the storage battery 50 (the state of Arb discharge, Arb charge, or regulation power supply and the corresponding contracted power) is obtained for each block B n The SOC increase or decrease is calculated based on the condition of the block. n If the state is Arb discharge, it is calculated according to formula 91 in FIG. 9, if it is Arb charge, it is calculated according to formula 92 in FIG. 9, and if it is regulation power provision, it is calculated according to formula 93 in FIG. n Since Ref is a negative value, the calculated value according to formula 91 is also a negative value. n Bid-B n The term Ref) is assumed to be positive (to make this value positive, the contract power B n Bid is B n (Note that the contract must be greater than Ref.) Block B in Figure 9 nThe βn term for is defined by any of Equations 91, 92 and 93.

[0096] The dischargeable power calculation unit 541 calculates the output (dischargeable power) at the AC terminal as A n+4 An equation for calculating the SOC change in the storage battery 50 as the absolute value of Ref is derived as equation 94 in Fig. 9. The second term on the right side of equation 94 is information indicating the charge / discharge amount of the storage battery 50 in ΔT time, and indicates the contracted adjustment power, Arb discharge, or Arb charge power for each of one or more blocks Bn constituting the ΔT time. If an uncontracted block is mixed in, it is sufficient to consider that there is no SOC change in the block.

[0097] The dischargeable power calculation unit 541 calculates the dischargeable power (A n+4 The formula (1) for calculating the absolute value of Ref is derived. n+4 Since it is possible to assume a case where the absolute value of Ref) exceeds the rated output, the dischargeable power calculation unit 541 calculates the value (A n+4 The absolute value of Ref) is compared with the rated output of the storage battery 50, and based on the comparison result, the smaller one is set as the dischargeable power A n+4 Determine (calculate) Ref.

[0098] (Rechargeable power B n+4 Calculation of Ref) Figure 10 shows the chargeable power B in Figure 7. n+4 10 is a diagram showing a schematic diagram of calculation of Ref. n+4 Chargeable power B n+4 Ref is the time for each block B in time ΔT. n The change in the state of charge (SOC) at the DC terminal at time t is used to calculate the change in the state of charge (SOC). More specifically, for each block B n According to the state of the storage battery 50 (either Arb discharge, Arb charge, or regulation power supply) in the n+4 Ref is derived using the procedure shown in Figure 10. n+4 Ref is block B n+4 This corresponds to the standard value.

[0099] More specifically, the chargeable power calculation unit 542 calculates the chargeable power for each block B n The state of the storage battery 50 (the state of Arb discharge, Arb charge, or regulation power supply and the corresponding contracted power) is obtained for each block B n The SOC increase or decrease is calculated based on the condition of the block. n If the state is Arb discharge, it is calculated according to formula 91 in FIG. 10, and if it is Arb charge or adjustment power supply, it is calculated according to formula 92 in FIG. 10. n Since Ref is a negative value, the calculated value according to Equation 91 is also negative. In addition, in order to assume that the SOC increases the most, in the state of supplying control reserve, B n Bid=0. Therefore, when the power supply is adjusted, the increase or decrease in SOC is the chargeable power B n It can be calculated according to Equation 92, which deals only with Ref. Block B in Figure 10 n The αn ​​term for is defined in either Equation 91 or 92.

[0100] The chargeable power calculation unit 542 calculates the output (chargeable power) at the AC terminal by B n+4 An equation for calculating the SOC change in the storage battery 50 as Ref is derived as Equation 95 in Fig. 10. The second term in parentheses on the right side of Equation 95 is information indicating the charge / discharge amount of the storage battery 50 in ΔT time, and indicates the contracted adjustment power, Arb discharge, or Arb charge power for each of one or more blocks Bn constituting the ΔT time. Note that if an uncontracted block is mixed in, it is sufficient to consider that there is no SOC change in the block.

[0101] The chargeable power calculation unit 542 calculates the chargeable power (B n+4 The formula (2) for calculating Ref is derived. The calculated value (B n+4 Since it is possible that the chargeable power (B Ref) may exceed the rated output, the chargeable power calculation unit 542 calculates the chargeable power (B n+4 Ref) is compared with the rated output of the storage battery 50, and based on the comparison result, the smaller one is set as the chargeable power Bn+4 Determine (calculate) Ref.

[0102] (Available power B n+4 Bid Determination) 11 is a diagram showing a schematic diagram of a calculation procedure of the available power supply according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11(A) shows an increase scenario and a decrease scenario for the change in SOC shown in FIG. 7, and FIG. 11(B) shows the calculation procedure. Block B n+4 The available power of B is n+4 Shown as Bid.

[0103] Block B n+4 The available power of the adjustment capacity of Block B is n+4 Chargeable power B at the start of n+4 Ref to the block B n+4 Therefore, the supplyable power calculation unit 543 calculates the chargeable power B n+4 Dischargeable power to Ref A n+4 Calculate the sum of the absolute values ​​of Ref, compare this calculated value with the rated output, and select the smaller of the two as block B. n+4 Adjustment capacity of available power B n+4 Bid is decided. Available power B n+4 Bid is a given block B n+4 This may correspond to a contract output of

[0104] (Analytical calculation of available power) In the above procedure, a given block B n+4 Chargeable power B n Ref and dischargeable power A n The time when Ref can be calculated (confirmed) is set as a predetermined block B n+4 Block B before time ΔT nThe time T1 is set as the time of calculation because the SOC used for the calculation can be determined (obtained) at time T1. The inventors have found that it is possible to calculate (determine) the outputtable power of a given block without such a time restriction. The calculation procedure is shown in FIG. 12.

[0105] FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a procedure for analytically deriving the available power according to the embodiment of the present invention. In such analytical derivation, each block B n All blocks have agreed on the adjustment capacity, i.e., each block B n The charge and discharge state of indicates "adjustment power supply". Therefore, the dischargeable power A n The βn term for calculating Ref is given by Equation 121((-1 / ηd)(B n Bid-B n The chargeable power B is shown by Ref) × t) n Alpha for calculating Ref n The term is Equation 122 (ηcB n Ref × t). Note that the contracted adjustment capacity in Equation 121 (B n Bid-B n Ref) is Block B n It is a positive value corresponding to the difference between the available power for supply and the reference power.

[0106] Prescribed Block B n+4 Available power for B n+4 Equations 121 and 122 are substituted into the βn term and the αn ​​term on the right side of equation 123 in FIG. 12, which calculates Bid. n+4 In the calculation, block B n Whatever the value of variable n, (any block B n (The same applies for available power B) n Find the solution as the bid, i.e., the available power B n Calculate the convergence value of Bid. For example, B n+4 Bid=B n+3 Bid=B n+2 Bid=Bn+1 Bid=B n By solving equation 123 with Bid=S, the value S is given by equation 124 in FIG.

[0107] On the right hand side of Equation 124 (η c η d -1) is a negative value, so the second term on the right side of Equation 124 is a negative value. n-1 SOC is (B n-1 When SOC=X, the second term is the largest negative value among the possible values ​​of the second term, so the value S (output power S) is the smallest value among the possible values ​​of the value S. Based on this relationship, B in Equation 124 n-1 Substituting X for SOC and solving equation 124 yields equation (5) in FIG. 12.

[0108] Equation (5) is block B n SOC information about B n Ref, A n Ref, B n The variables in Equation (5) (period T, rated capacity X, and conversion efficiency ηd) are not included in the Bid variable. n Therefore, the value S (outputtable power S) calculated by the formula (5) changes only depending on the change in the value of the time ΔT, that is, only depending on the time T1. For example, when the time T1 is the end of a predetermined block B n+4 The closer to the start time of (the shorter the time ΔT), the larger the available power S will be.

[0109] The value S calculated from the formula (5) in this way indicates the adjustment capacity (supplyable power) that can be bid on the market for the predetermined block without being restricted that the time T1 is the time when the SOC is fixed. n+4 Available electricity B n+4Bid can be calculated according to formula (5). It is clear from formula (5) that the value of S is also influenced by the capacity of X. However, when the rated capacity X of the storage battery is large, it is also conceivable that the value of S may be larger than the rated output. In that case, the deliverable power can be set to the rated output. For example, the calculated value of formula (5) is compared with the rated output, and based on the result of the comparison, the smaller one is finally set as the value S (deliverable power S). In this way, the value S (deliverable power S) is set to indicate power equal to or less than the rated output.

[0110] The inventors also obtained the following findings regarding the available power supply. n-1 , B n , B n+1 , B n+2 and B. n+3 If the state of each block is Arb charge or Arb discharge, block B n+4 The SOC value at the start of Block B can be estimated more accurately (determinable). n+4 If only Block B is used, it will be possible to supply the rated capacity X amount of power. However, Block B n+4 In Block B, the number of adjustment commands or the actual adjustment power required by the adjustment command is unknown. n+5 After this point, the available power supply will be significantly reduced, and the extent of this reduction will be unclear. Therefore, it is desirable to set the available power supply for a given block to the value S calculated by equation (5).

[0111] (Change in time ΔT) 13 is a diagram for explaining the change of the time ΔT and the unit time T of the block according to the embodiment of the present invention. In the above-mentioned process, the time ΔT, which is the timing for updating the reference value of the predetermined block (target block), is set to the default value (2 hours) as shown in pattern 1 of FIG. n+4 The value is calculated using the target.

[0112] Currently, the processing performance of bidding or winning bids in market trading systems has improved, and for example, processing is automated and can be performed up until just before GC. Therefore, the time ΔT can be treated as a variable parameter along with such improvements in processing performance. For example, the time ΔT can be changed in 30-minute increments from 1 hour to n hours before. The range (length of period) for accumulating the time t is changed according to the change in the time ΔT.

[0113] According to formula (5), to increase the adjustable capacity's available power supply S, it is better for the time ΔT to be shorter. In other words, the longer the time ΔT, the smaller the adjustable capacity's available power supply S. For example, pattern 2 in Figure 13 shows a time ΔT of 1.5 hours, which is shorter than pattern 1's ΔT = 2 hours. If the target block's adjustable capacity supply time T (= the period during which the reference value can be updated) is the same 30 minutes as pattern 1 (3 hours in Figure 13), the adjustable capacity's available power supply S can be increased.

[0114] In addition, the time T for the target adjustment capacity supply in a given block (= the period during which the reference value can be updated) is also a parameter that changes according to market requirements. The longer the time T, the smaller the adjustment capacity supplyable power S calculated according to formula (5) becomes. Pattern 2 in FIG. 13 indicates that the time T is 3 hours, which is much longer than the 30 minutes of pattern 1, and ΔT is 1.5 hours, which is shorter than pattern 1, but the adjustment capacity supplyable power S of pattern 2 is smaller in total than pattern 1.

[0115] (Bidding Pattern) FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a selling bid pattern according to the embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 14, the consumers or the power storage plants are located in blocks B1 to B 56 The sell bid is conducted for the bidding period. The time per block is T=3 hours, that is, the cycle in which the reference value can be updated is 3 hours. Figures 15 and 16 are diagrams showing the process flow in the energy trading market corresponding to the bidding pattern shown in Figure 14.

[0116] In FIG. 14, in the bidding one week in advance, for the combination of a product that is considered to be high priced in the market price forecast (either primary, secondary (1) and (2), or tertiary (1) is determined for each block) and the corresponding block, the consumer or power storage plant submits a bid at or below the available power supply S calculated by formula (5) (step T1 in FIG. 15). When a contract is made for the bid, the product of the block is confirmed. The contracted block 141 in FIG. 14 shows such a confirmed block. The contracted block 141 is, for example, blocks B1 to B 10 , Block B 13 ~B 27 and Block B 34 ~B 44 Shows.

[0117] Next, in the day-ahead bidding, the consumer or the power storage station performs a tertiary (2) market price prediction for the block 142 that has not been contracted in the week-ahead bidding, and submits a bid for the block that is considered to be high-priced at or below the available power S calculated by formula (5) (step T2 in FIG. 15). Then, in the block 143 of the hour-ahead bidding, the consumer or the power storage station purchases power for the reference value, and if the price is attractive, submits a bid for arbitrage charging and discharging with the charge or discharge amount calculated by formula (1) or formula (2) (step T4 in FIG. 16), and submits a bid with the reference value calculated by formula (3) (step T6 in FIG. 16). In steps T3 and T5 in FIG. 16, the upper control device 30 receives SOC information of the storage battery 50 from the lower control device 20 every 30 minutes. The interval for receiving SOC information is not limited to 30 minutes, and may be shorter than 30 minutes.

[0118] (Aggregator Bidding Plan) 17 to 19 are diagrams showing an example of a bidding plan in an aggregator according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 17, bidding is difficult in a time section where bidding is possible in the spot market of the wholesale power market before 10:00 on the previous day. More specifically, when block 1 in FIG. 17 is contracted as a weekly product, the SOC at the start of block 3 is unknown, and similarly, the value (wh) of the amount of power that can be bought and sold for blocks 5 and 6 is unknown, so that the amount of power that can be bid cannot be determined. Note that, in a time section where bidding is possible in the tertiary (2) before 14:00 on the previous day, when bidding is made for the reference value of power purchase in the hourly market of the wholesale power market based on the available power supply calculated in the embodiment, bidding in the tertiary (2) is possible for blocks 3, 5, and 6. In a time section where bidding is possible in the hourly market of the wholesale power market ΔT hours before the actual supply and demand on the day, bidding for selling power based on the dischargeable power calculated by formula (1) and bidding for buying power based on the chargeable power calculated by formula (2) are possible.

[0119] 18 shows a bidding plan that assumes bidding in the spot market before 10:00 the day before, using the charge / discharge amount calculated by the procedure shown in this embodiment. More specifically, in order to enable spot market bidding, in the time period before the bidding block, power buying and selling based on the dischargeable power of formula (1) or the chargeable power of formula (2) is planned to be performed in the hour-ahead market (for SOC control: fine adjustment of power selling and fine adjustment of power buying). This assumption makes it possible to concentrate on "power buying" or "power selling" during the time period when the price in the spot market on the previous day is high or low.

[0120] In FIG. 19, the supply of adjustment capacity (supplyable power) in the primary adjustment capacity is bid on the spot market on the assumption that the SOC value is approximately the same before the start of the block and after the end of the block. More specifically, in the time period of "power purchase" in the spot market in FIG. 19, the SOC is increased from 10% to 90%, for example. Also, in the time period of "power sale" in the spot market in FIG. 19, the SOC is decreased from 90% to 10%. However, in reality, such an assumption of primary adjustment capacity (= the assumption that the SOC is approximately constant before and after the start of the supply of primary adjustment capacity) cannot be made, the SOC value is unknown before and after the start of the block, and further, there is a charge / discharge loss in the storage battery 50, so the SOC tends to be small.

[0121] <Control Command Section> The control command unit 60 of the upper control device 30 outputs a control command to control charging and discharging of the storage battery 50. For example, the control command unit 60 receives the remaining capacity detected for the storage battery 50 from the lower control device 20, compares the received remaining capacity with a target value (= the target remaining capacity of the storage battery), determines a control amount (charging and discharging power) that makes them match, and outputs a control command to instruct charging and discharging with the determined control amount. Such a control amount is determined, for example, by using feedback control.

[0122] In addition, the control command unit 60 calculates the total value of the charging and discharging power based on multiple purposes of the storage battery 50 (= various market products in the supply and demand adjustment market, such as primary adjustment capacity, secondary adjustment capacity (1), secondary adjustment capacity (2), tertiary adjustment capacity (1), tertiary adjustment capacity (2), and combination products of these) during the time period before the start of a specified block, and uses the calculated total value to output a control command to control the charging and discharging of the storage battery 50 so that it does not become depleted or fully charged.

[0123] In addition, the control command unit 60 outputs a control command for controlling charging and discharging in a specified block so that the storage battery 50 does not become depleted or fully charged, using a reference value calculated for the specified block and a combined value of the charging and discharging power based on multiple purposes of the storage battery 50.

[0124] The multiple purposes described above are the purposes of using the storage battery 50, and include, for example, the purpose of exchanging the charge and discharge of the storage battery 50 with the equipment 24 such as the load and other power sources in FIG. 1 as electric power (= peak cut, peak shift, absorbing surplus electric power from renewable energy generation, leveling out power generation output, and other energy management purposes). Further purposes of use include the exchange of electric power for various contracts such as wholesale electric power markets (e.g., purchasing electric power (= arbitrage charging), selling electric power (= arbitrage discharging)) other than the supply and demand adjustment market and bilateral contracts. For example, when an agreement is made for selling electric power in the wholesale electric power market, when a bid is made as a power source for initiating a capacity market command, and when a contract for utilizing surplus capacity is concluded with a local general power transmission and distribution company, the storage battery 50 is used by discharging the storage battery 50 to provide electric power, or by reducing the amount of charge, etc. The multiple purposes are not limited to these, and may include other purposes.

[0125] The lower-level control device 20 measures the discharging and charging power of the storage battery 50 for each of the multiple usage purposes of the storage battery 50, and transfers the measured power information to the upper-level control device 30. The upper-level control device 30 can calculate a total value of charging and discharging power based on the multiple purposes from the power for each usage purpose received from the lower-level control device 20. For example, the control command unit 60 calculates the difference between the total value (kWh) and the rated capacity X, and determines the charging and discharging power (kW) by, for example, feedback control so that the difference becomes constant (target), and outputs a command to charge and discharge the determined power.

[0126] <Flowchart> 20 and 21 are diagrams showing an example of a flowchart of the process according to this embodiment. The process according to this flowchart is realized by the processor 171 of the upper control device 30 executing the application program 197. With reference to the flowchart, a case of bidding on a predetermined block shown in FIG. 7 or FIG. 11(A) will be described.

[0127] 20, processor 171 determines whether the time to calculate the supplyable power for a specific block that is the target of the bid among the consecutive blocks, that is, time T1, has arrived (step S20). Time T1 is acquired, for example, from the bidding schedule indicated by transaction information 195. Processor 171 compares time T1 with the time measured by timer 182, and determines whether timer 182 has measured time T1 based on the comparison result.

[0128] If the processor 171 determines that the time T1 has not yet arrived (NO in step S20), it repeats step S20. However, if the processor 171 determines that the time T1 has arrived (YES in step S20), it acquires time information (step S21). This time information includes the time ΔT, the time t, and the period T acquired from the transaction information 195. The processor 171 acquires the block B to which the time T1 belongs. n As Block B n From a given block (target block) B n+4 The block numbers of the blocks up to are acquired (step S22). The block numbers are acquired based on the time ΔT and the time t. For example, block B n , B n+1 , B n+2 , B n+3 , B n+4 Block B is obtained. n-1 ~Block B n+3 Each block is either a sold (contracted) or uncontracted block.

[0129] The processor 171 extracts each block B n , B n+1 , B n+2 , B n+3 For each of the above, the processor 171 acquires the charge / discharge amount (Arb discharge amount, Arb charge amount, adjustment power supply amount, charge / discharge amount=0 in the case of no contract) according to the state (step S24). In addition, the processor 171 acquires the attributes related to charge / discharge (rated capacity X, rated output, AD conversion efficiency η C and DA conversion efficiency ηd) are obtained (step S25).

[0130] The processor 171, as the supplyable power acquisition unit 54, n+4 Available electricity B n+4 More specifically, the processor 171, which serves as the dischargeable power calculation unit 541, acquires a bid from a predetermined block B n+4 Dischargeable power A n+4 Ref (step S27), and the chargeable power calculation unit 542 calculates the predetermined block B n+4 Chargeable power B n+4 Ref is determined (calculated) (step S30).

[0131] More specifically, in step S27, the dischargeable power calculation unit 541 calculates the dischargeable power of each block B n , B n+1 , B n+2 , B n+3 Calculate the βn term of the charge / discharge power amount for the predetermined block B (step S28), and use the βn term n+4 Dischargeable power A n+4 Ref is calculated according to (Equation 1, which is an absolute value in the equation but is omitted for simplicity) (step S29). The dischargeable power calculation unit 541 compares the dischargeable power calculated by (Equation 1) with the rated output, and the smaller one is finally determined as the dischargeable power A n+4 Ref (step S29a).

[0132] More specifically, in step S30, the chargeable power calculation unit 542 calculates the chargeable power for each block B n , B n+1 , B n+2 , B n+3 The charge and discharge power amount α n The term is calculated (step S31), and α n Using the term, a given block B n+4 About chargeable power B n+4 The chargeable power calculation unit 542 calculates the chargeable power (or the reference value) according to (Equation 2) (or (Equation 3)) (step S32). The chargeable power calculation unit 542 compares the chargeable power (or the reference value) with the rated output, and the smaller one is finally determined as the chargeable power B n+4 Ref (step S33).

[0133] The supplyable power acquisition unit 54 acquires the dischargeable power A n+4 Absolute value of Ref and chargeable power B n+4 Calculate the sum of Ref, compare the calculated value with the rated output, and based on the comparison result, select the smaller one as the available power B. n+4 Set it to Bid (step S34).

[0134] In this way, the dischargeable power A n+4 Absolute value of Ref, chargeable power B n+4 Ref and available power B n+4 The bids are each set to indicate power less than or equal to the rated power if the corresponding calculated value exceeds the rated power.

[0135] 21 shows a process in which the supplyable power S analytically derived is used as the supplyable power. In FIG. 21, the processor 171 determines whether or not a predetermined time has arrived at which the supplyable power S should be calculated (e.g., a time at which the value of the supplyable power S is transmitted to be used for market bidding by the market trading server 10A) (step S40), and if the predetermined time has not arrived (NO in step S40), repeats step S40. When the processor 171 determines that the predetermined time has arrived (YES in step S40), it acquires information on time information (time ΔT and period T) and attributes (rated capacity X and DA conversion efficiency ηd, the values ​​of X and ηd may vary depending on aging deterioration or the state of the power storage system and are variable values ​​rather than fixed values) (step S41), sets the value indicated by the acquired information to equation (5), and calculates the supplyable power S according to equation 5 (step S42).

[0136] The functions of the upper control device 30 shown in this embodiment may be installed in the lower control device 20 or the market trading server 10A, and the processing of the upper control device 30 may be performed by the lower control device 20 or the market trading server 10A.

[0137] In this embodiment, the rated output may change depending on the state of the power storage system 27 (environmental conditions including the ambient temperature, deterioration, etc.). In other words, it is not a fixed value. Therefore, upper limit output information measured (detected) for the storage battery 50 at each time may be used. Furthermore, the SOC-related information and the charge / discharge efficiency always contain errors, and this error leads to a calculation error of the available power. The charge / discharge efficiency also changes depending on the implementation conditions of charging and discharging (such as the value of SOC at which charging and discharging are performed). Furthermore, the measurement error of the SOC increases as charging and discharging are repeated. Therefore, it is necessary to use these parameter values ​​by applying a mechanism for further reducing the errors after taking these errors into consideration, such as by making it possible to calculate the average value of the charge / discharge efficiency and using that value, or by applying an operation of the power storage system 27 that resets the accumulated error of the SOC value for the SOC-related information.

[0138] <Advantages> In the past, when charging and discharging electricity using a power source (such as a storage battery), assuming agreements for each product in the electricity market such as the supply and demand adjustment market, technology was proposed to determine the bidding amount based on a benchmark value plan using predictions of SOC-related information.

[0139] In contrast, in this embodiment, the predetermined block B n+4 At time T1 before the start of actual supply and demand, the dischargeable power A n Ref and chargeable power B n Ref (reference value B n+4 Ref) is calculated. This dischargeable power A n Ref and chargeable power B n Ref is time T1 to a given block B n+4 One or more blocks B within ΔT time until the start of n The charge and discharge amount (term β n , term α n ) is calculated based on the dischargeable power A n Ref and chargeable power B nRef is derived as the maximum value that does not exceed the rated output. Therefore, after securing the reference value and the supply margin of the contract adjustment reserve (equivalent to the error 71) within the ΔT time, the specified block B n+4 In order to secure as much available power S as possible, a given block B n+4 Standard value B in n+4 Refs can be planned and registered or re-registered in GC.

[0140] This makes it possible to increase the amount of bids (available power) for a given block, compared to the conventional method of determining the amount of bids based on a reference value plan using forecasts of SOC-related information. Also, since forecasts are unnecessary and the available power S can be calculated in advance, bidding for each of consecutive blocks becomes possible in the weekly market and the day-ahead market.

[0141] The embodiments disclosed herein should be considered to be illustrative and not restrictive in all respects. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, not by the description of the embodiments described above, and is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope of the claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0142] 1A, 1B network, 10 server, 10A market transaction server, 10B intermediate supply server, 10C command server, 10D market server, 20 lower control device, 21 gateway, 22, 26 measuring instrument, 24 equipment, 25 distribution board, 27 power storage system, 30 upper control device, 40 consumer equipment, 50 storage battery, 51 remaining capacity acquisition unit, 52 decision unit, 54 available power acquisition unit, 55 output unit, 60 control command unit, 61 communication control unit, 541 dischargeable power calculation unit, 542 chargeable power calculation unit, 543 available power calculation unit, 100 power system, 151, 171 processor, 153, 173 RAM, 156, 176 input device, 157, 177 display, 158, 178 power circuit, 159, 179 Touch panel, 161, 181 Storage medium, 162, 182 Timer, 172 ROM, 194 Attribute information, 195 Transaction information, 197 Application program, ηc AD conversion efficiency, ηd DA conversion efficiency.

Claims

1. An apparatus for calculating available power from a storage battery, For a predetermined time period among one or more time periods that can constitute a trading period in the energy trading market, a means for calculating a reference value of the storage battery during the specified time period based on SOC-related information of the storage battery acquired by the device at a time before the start of the specified time period, information indicating the charge / discharge amount of the storage battery during a period from the time of acquisition to the start of the specified time period, upper limit capacity information of the storage battery, the charging efficiency of the storage battery, the discharging efficiency of the storage battery, and time information indicating the length of the specified time period; An apparatus comprising: a means for calculating the output power of the storage battery during a specified time period based on at least the upper limit capacity information of the storage battery, the discharge efficiency of the storage battery, time information indicating the length of the specified time period, and time information indicating the length of the period.

2. An apparatus for calculating available power from a storage battery, For a predetermined time period among one or more time periods that can constitute a trading period in the energy trading market, a means for calculating a dischargeable power and a reference value of the storage battery during the specified time period based on SOC-related information of the storage battery acquired by the device at a time before the start of the specified time period, information indicating the charge / discharge amount of the storage battery during the period from the time acquired by the device to the start of the specified time period, upper limit capacity information of the storage battery, the charging efficiency of the storage battery, the discharging efficiency of the storage battery, and time information indicating the length of the specified time period; and a means for calculating the dischargeable power of the storage battery in the specified time period based on the dischargeable power and the reference value.

3. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the reference value calculated by the means for calculating a reference value for the predetermined time period indicates a power that is equal to or lower than a rated output of the storage battery.

4. The device according to claim 2 , wherein the dischargeable power and the reference value calculated by the means for calculating the dischargeable power and the reference value in the predetermined time period respectively indicate power equal to or lower than a rated output of the storage battery.

5. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the available power calculated by the means for calculating the available power of the storage battery indicates a power equal to or less than a rated output of the storage battery.

6. The electricity trading market includes a supply and demand adjustment market in which adjustment power is traded, The device according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the information indicating the charge / discharge amount of the storage battery during the period indicates the adjustment capacity agreed upon for each of the one or more time periods constituting the period.

7. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the time indicates a time before a start of the predetermined time period and before a deadline for registering the reference value calculated for the predetermined time period in the energy trading market.

8. A command unit that outputs a command to control charging and discharging the storage battery, The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the command includes a command to control charging and discharging of the storage battery during the specified time period using the reference value calculated for the specified time period and a combined value of charging and discharging power based on multiple purposes of the storage battery.

9. A command unit that outputs a command to control charging and discharging the storage battery, The instruction: The storage battery and a power transmission and distribution equipment including a power system managed by a power transmission and distribution business operator, the combined value of the reference value and regulated power for exchanging power between the storage battery and the power transmission and distribution equipment including a power system managed by a power transmission and distribution business operator, and a charge and discharge power command for arbitrage. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

10. 1. A processor-implemented method comprising: For a predetermined time period among one or more time periods that can constitute a trading period in the energy trading market, calculating a reference value for the storage battery in the specified time period based on SOC-related information of the storage battery acquired at a time before the start of the specified time period, information indicating a charge / discharge amount of the storage battery in a period from the acquired time to the start of the specified time period, upper limit capacity information of the storage battery, a charging efficiency of the storage battery, a discharging efficiency of the storage battery, and time information indicating a length of the specified time period; A method comprising a step of calculating the output power of the storage battery during a specified time period based on at least upper limit capacity information of the storage battery, the discharge efficiency of the storage battery, time information indicating the length of the specified time period, and time information indicating the length of the period.

11. 1. A processor-implemented method comprising: For a predetermined time period among one or more time periods that can constitute a trading period in the energy trading market, calculating a dischargeable power and a reference value of the storage battery during the specified time period based on SOC-related information of the storage battery acquired at a time before the start of the specified time period, information indicating the charge / discharge amount of the storage battery during a period from the acquired time to the start of the specified time period, upper limit capacity information of the storage battery, the charging efficiency of the storage battery, the discharging efficiency of the storage battery, and time information indicating the length of the specified time period; and calculating a supplyable power of the storage battery during the specified time period based on the dischargeable power and the reference value.

12. A program for causing a processor to execute the method according to claim 10 or 11.

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