Waterproof sheet structure

Abstract

To provide a waterproof sheet structure capable of suppressing degradation of a waterproof sheet caused by microbes.SOLUTION: A waterproof sheet structure of the present invention provides waterproofing for a skeleton, including a waterproof sheet disposed at the side of the skeleton, and an insulation sheet disposed on the waterproof sheet at the opposite side of the skeleton. The insulation sheet has a plasticizer content of 0.10 mass% or less. The waterproof sheet preferably contains a plasticizer. Further, the waterproof sheet preferably contains a polyvinyl chloride-based resin.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a sheet waterproofing structure that provides waterproofing to a structure. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, with the demand for buildings to be more durable, many buildings have adopted sheet waterproofing structures in which waterproof sheets (resin sheets) are laid and installed on the roofs, verandas, and other structural members.

[0003] For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a sheet-type waterproof and thermal insulation structure in which a heat insulating material, an insulating sheet, and a waterproof sheet are laid in this order from the roof substrate side. In this type of sheet-type waterproof and thermal insulation structure, the insulating sheet is provided between the heat insulating material and the waterproof sheet, so that the migration of the plasticizer contained in the waterproof sheet to the heat insulating material is suppressed. This increases the durability of the sheet-type waterproof and thermal insulation structure.

[0004] On the other hand, soil and sand blown in by wind and rain accumulates on the top surface of such sheet waterproof and heat-insulating structures over many years of use. Various microorganisms adhere to the soil and sand, and it has been found that these microorganisms accelerate the deterioration of the waterproof sheet. However, there are many unknowns about the effect of microorganisms on the waterproof sheet, and therefore there is room for further study on a sheet waterproof structure that suppresses deterioration caused by microorganisms. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] JP 2005-139821 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] If the waterproof sheet deteriorates due to microorganisms, the durability of the building will be reduced. An object of the present invention is to provide a sheet waterproof structure capable of suppressing deterioration of a waterproof sheet caused by microorganisms. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] Such an object can be achieved by the present invention described in (1) to (10) below. (1) A sheet waterproofing structure that provides waterproofing to the structure, A waterproof sheet provided on the body side; An insulating sheet provided on the opposite side of the waterproof sheet from the body; Equipped with A sheet waterproof structure, wherein the insulating sheet has a plasticizer content of 0.10 mass % or less.

[0008] (2) A sheet waterproof structure as described in (1) above, in which the waterproof sheet contains a plasticizer. (3) A sheet waterproof structure as described in (2) above, wherein the waterproof sheet contains a polyvinyl chloride resin.

[0009] (4) The plasticizer contained in the waterproof sheet has a molecular weight of 300 or more and a solubility parameter of 8.2 (cal / cm 3 ) 1 / 2 More than 9.8(cal / cm 3 ) 1 / 2 A sheet waterproofing structure as described in (2) or (3) above, which is as follows.

[0010] (5) A sheet waterproof structure described in any one of (1) to (4) above, wherein the waterproof sheet is arranged to cover the surface of the body, and the insulating sheet is arranged to be in contact with the waterproof sheet.

[0011] (6) A sheet waterproof structure described in any one of (1) to (5) above, wherein the insulating sheet includes a laminate formed by laminating, in order from the waterproof sheet side, a first resin layer, an intermediate layer, and a second resin layer.

[0012] (7) A sheet waterproof structure as described in (6) above, wherein the intermediate layer has a fiber layer containing fiber.

[0013] (8) A sheet waterproof structure as described in (7) above, wherein the fiber is a resin fiber. (9) A sheet waterproof structure according to any one of (6) to (8) above, wherein the first resin layer and the second resin layer contain polyethylene. (10) A sheet waterproof structure according to any one of (1) to (9) above, further comprising a functional layer containing an antibacterial agent or an antifungal agent, the functional layer being provided between the waterproof sheet and the insulating sheet. Effect of the Invention

[0014] According to the present invention, a sheet waterproof structure capable of suppressing deterioration of a waterproof sheet caused by microorganisms is obtained. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0015] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a sheet waterproof structure according to a first embodiment. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the sheet waterproof structure shown in FIG. [Diagram 3] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a sheet waterproof structure according to a second embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a sheet waterproof structure according to a third embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0016] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A sheet waterproof structure according to the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0017] 1. First embodiment First, the sheet waterproof structure according to the first embodiment will be described.

[0018] Fig. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a sheet waterproof structure 10 according to a first embodiment. Fig. 1 illustrates a part of the sheet waterproof structure 10 applied to a body 100 including a floor portion 101 and a wall portion 102. Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the sheet waterproof structure 10 shown in Fig. 1.

[0019] The position where the sheet waterproof structure 10 is applied is not limited to the floor portion 101 facing vertically upward and the wall portion 102 facing horizontally, but may be a ceiling portion facing vertically downward. In the following explanation, the upper side of each figure of the present application will be referred to as "upper" and the lower side as "lower". In addition, for convenience of illustration, each part is illustrated in a different dimensional ratio from the actual one in each figure.

[0020] 1.1. Overview of sheet waterproofing structure The sheet waterproof structure 10 shown in Fig. 1 is applied to the surface of a floor section 101 of a building body 100 and to the surface of a wall section 102 erected from the outer edge of the floor section 101. This sheet waterproof structure 10 comprises a waterproof sheet 30 laid on the floor section 101 and the wall section 102, an insulating sheet 40 covering the waterproof sheet 30, and a floor material 50 arranged on the insulating sheet 40.

[0021] The waterproof sheet 30 has waterproof properties, which prevents the structure 100 from being directly exposed to rainwater. The waterproof sheet 30 also preferably has light-shielding properties, which prevents the structure 100 from being directly exposed to sunlight.

[0022] In addition, a fixed disk (not shown) may be provided on the floor portion 101. The fixed disk is composed of a metal plate and a resin layer covering the metal plate. By joining this resin layer and the waterproof sheet 30, the waterproof sheet 30 can be stably fixed to the floor portion 101.

[0023] The insulating sheet 40 is provided on the waterproof sheet 30, and insulates the waterproof sheet 30 from the external environment. In this specification, "insulation" refers to preventing the waterproof sheet 30 from being directly exposed to the external environment. Specifically, it protects the waterproof sheet 30 from contact with various foreign substances contained in moisture derived from rain, snow, etc., such as soil and sand such as mud and sand, and biological substances such as fallen leaves and insect carcasses. In addition, "on the waterproof sheet 30" refers to the opposite side of the waterproof sheet 30 from the main body 100. The insulating sheet 40 may cover the entire surface of the waterproof sheet 30, or may cover only a portion of it.

[0024] The insulating sheet 40 has a plasticizer content of 0.10 mass % or less. As a result of the inventor's investigation, it was found that the insulating sheet 40 with a reduced plasticizer content has good shielding properties against microorganisms such as bacteria. The reason for this is that the insulating sheet 40 containing almost no plasticizer is less susceptible to degradation because decomposition of the plasticizer by microorganisms or substances such as enzymes produced by microorganisms is suppressed.

[0025] Microorganisms are often found attached to soil and sand, biological substances, and the like as described above. If the insulating sheet 40 has a shielding property against microorganisms, enzymes, and other substances attached to these, the insulating sheet 40 can be prevented from becoming a path for the microorganisms, enzymes, and other substances. This can prevent contact between the waterproof sheet 30 and microorganisms, enzymes, and other substances. In this specification, the property of preventing contact between the waterproof sheet 30 and microorganisms, enzymes, and other substances is referred to as "insulating property." In addition, in this specification, "microorganisms, enzymes, and other substances" are also simply referred to as "microorganisms."

[0026] According to the sheet waterproof structure 10 in which the insulating sheet 40 with good insulating properties is arranged on the waterproof sheet 30, deterioration of the waterproof sheet 30 caused by microorganisms can be suppressed, and water leakage into the structure 100 can be suppressed.

[0027] 1.2. Tarpaulin The waterproof sheet 30 is made of a resin sheet containing a resin material.

[0028] 1.2.1.Resin materials The resin material is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include vinyl chloride resins such as polyvinyl chloride, polyolefin resins, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers, etc., and one or more of these may be used in combination. Among these, vinyl chloride resins are preferably used. This allows the waterproof sheet 30 to have excellent solvent welding properties and heat fusion properties, resulting in a waterproof sheet 30 that is excellent in workability during construction, for example.

[0029] The vinyl chloride resin is not particularly limited as long as it is a polymer containing vinyl chloride, that is, an oligomer, a prepolymer, or a polymer. Examples of the vinyl chloride resin include a monomer polymer of vinyl chloride, a copolymer of vinyl chloride with vinyl acetate, ethylene, propylene, or the like, and a mixture of two or more of these polymers.

[0030] Plasticizers The waterproof sheet 30 may contain a plasticizer. This can impart flexibility to the waterproof sheet 30. The plasticizer contained in the waterproof sheet 30 preferably has a molecular weight of 300 or more. The molecular weight of the plasticizer affects leakage of the plasticizer in the waterproof sheet 30. By using a plasticizer whose molecular weight is within the above range, the plasticizer is less likely to leak over time even when the waterproof sheet 30 is exposed to rainwater, sunlight, or microorganisms. This can prevent a decrease in the flexibility of the waterproof sheet 30 due to leakage (bleed-out) of the plasticizer, and can accurately prevent the occurrence of cracks, breaks, and the like in the waterproof sheet 30.

[0031] The molecular weight of the plasticizer is preferably 800 or more and 5,000 or less, and more preferably 1,000 or more and 3,500 or less.

[0032] Furthermore, when the molecular weight of the plasticizer is within the above range, in addition to the above effects, there is also an effect of suppressing decomposition of the plasticizer by microorganisms. Plasticizers with a relatively high molecular weight are not easily decomposed by microorganisms. Therefore, even if the waterproof sheet 30 is exposed to microorganisms, there is a high probability that the plasticizer will remain. As a result, deterioration of the waterproof sheet 30 is suppressed, and the decrease in durability of the sheet waterproof structure 10 can be suppressed.

[0033] If the molecular weight of the plasticizer is below the lower limit, the plasticizer may leak and may be easily decomposed by microorganisms. On the other hand, the molecular weight of the plasticizer may be above the upper limit, but in that case, the flexibility of the waterproof sheet 30 may be decreased.

[0034] Examples of plasticizers having such molecular weight include adipate plasticizers, phthalate plasticizers, trimellitate plasticizers, (meth)acrylic acid ester polymers, epoxy plasticizers, ethylene copolymer elastomers, chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), (meth)acrylic resins (PMMA), polyester polymers, polyvinyl acetate resins (PVAc), acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), etc., and one or more of these may be used in combination. The plasticizer contained in the waterproof sheet 30 is preferably a (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer, an epoxy plasticizer, an ethylene copolymer elastomer, or a polyester polymer.

[0035] The (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer is a polymer containing a (meth)acrylic acid ester as a main monomer component. The term "(meth)acrylic acid ester" is used to include both acrylic acid ester and methacrylic acid ester.

[0036] The (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer may be a homopolymer or a copolymer. When the (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer is a copolymer, it may be a random copolymer or a block copolymer. Examples of copolymerizable monomers in the copolymer include (meth)acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, ethylene, and propylene. The (meth)acrylic acid ester polymer may be a graft copolymer in which the side chain is graft-polymerized.

[0037] The (meth)acrylic acid ester monomer is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include (meth)acrylic acid alkyl esters, (meth)acrylic acid cycloalkyl esters, and (meth)acrylic acid aryl esters.

[0038] Examples of (meth)acrylic acid alkyl esters include methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, propyl (meth)acrylate, isopropyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate, sec-butyl (meth)acrylate, tert-butyl (meth)acrylate, pentyl (meth)acrylate, hexyl (meth)acrylate, heptyl (meth)acrylate, octyl (meth)acrylate, isooctyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, nonyl (meth)acrylate, isononyl (meth)acrylate, decyl (meth)acrylate, isodecyl (meth)acrylate, undecyl (meth)acrylate, dodecyl (meth)acrylate, tridecyl (meth)acrylate, tetradecyl (meth)acrylate, pentadecyl (meth)acrylate, hexadecyl (meth)acrylate, heptadecyl (meth)acrylate, and octadecyl (meth)acrylate.

[0039] Examples of the cycloalkyl (meth)acrylate include cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate. Examples of the aryl (meth)acrylate include phenyl (meth)acrylate.

[0040] These (meth)acrylic acid esters may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.

[0041] Among these, the monomer is preferably an alkyl (meth)acrylate, and more preferably methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, or octyl (meth)acrylate. By using a polymer of these monomers as the plasticizer, leakage of the plasticizer from the waterproof sheet 30 can be more accurately suppressed, and decomposition of the plasticizer by microorganisms can be suppressed.

[0042] As such a (meth)acrylic acid ester-based polymer, for example, a commercially available product such as an acrylic polymer (product name: Alphon) manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd. can be used.

[0043] Examples of epoxy plasticizers include compounds obtained by epoxidizing unsaturated fatty acid esters. Epoxidized soybean oil (molecular weight 950) and epoxidized linseed oil (molecular weight 950) can be used as epoxy plasticizers.

[0044] As such an epoxy-based plasticizer, for example, commercially available products such as epoxy-based plasticizer manufactured by New Japan Chemical Co., Ltd. (product name: Sanso Cizer) or epoxy-based plasticizer manufactured by ADEKA Corporation (product name: Adeka Cizer) can be used.

[0045] The ethylene-based copolymer elastomer is a copolymer elastomer containing ethylene as a unit, and examples thereof include ethylene-vinyl acetate block copolymer (EVA), as well as ethylene-(meth)acrylic acid ester copolymers such as ethylene-ethyl acrylate block copolymer (EEA) and ethylene-methyl methacrylate block copolymer (EMMA). Of these, the ethylene-based copolymer elastomer is preferably an ethylene-(meth)acrylic acid ester copolymer. This makes it possible to more accurately prevent the plasticizer from leaking from the waterproof sheet 30 and to prevent the plasticizer from being decomposed by microorganisms.

[0046] The polyester polymer may be a polymer of a polyhydric alcohol and a polycarboxylic acid, and the molecular terminals of the polyester polymer may be blocked with a monohydric alcohol or a monocarboxylic acid.

[0047] Examples of polyhydric alcohols include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, and neopentyl glycol.

[0048] Examples of polyvalent carboxylic acids include oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, trimellitic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, maleic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, and terephthalic acid.

[0049] Examples of polyester polymers include poly(ethylene glycol / adipic acid) ester, poly(1,3-butanediol / adipic acid) ester, and poly(propylene glycol / sebacic acid) ester.

[0050] As such polyester polymers, for example, commercially available products such as polyester plasticizer manufactured by ADEKA CORPORATION (product name: Adeka Cizer) and polyester plasticizer manufactured by DIC Corporation (product name: Polysizer) can be used.

[0051] The plasticizer is preferably a non-functional homopolymer, since such a plasticizer is less likely to leak from the waterproof sheet 30.

[0052] Furthermore, the non-functional homopolymer preferably has a glass transition temperature Tg of −100° C. or higher and −30° C. or lower, and more preferably has a glass transition temperature Tg of −95° C. or higher and −75° C. or lower. A homopolymer (plasticizer) having a glass transition temperature Tg within the above range is preferred because it is less likely to leak from the waterproof sheet 30.

[0053] The content of the plasticizer in the waterproof sheet 30 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 20.0 parts by mass or more and 90.0 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 50.0 parts by mass or more and 75.0 parts by mass or less, relative to 100.0 parts by mass of the resin material. This ensures that the waterproof sheet 30 has excellent flexibility and can reliably perform its function as the waterproof sheet 30 to prevent water from penetrating into the structure 100. In addition, the plasticizer is easily retained by the resin material, and leakage of the plasticizer from the waterproof sheet 30 can be more reliably suppressed. Furthermore, even if the waterproof sheet 30 is exposed to microorganisms, a sufficient amount of plasticizer can remain, and deterioration of the waterproof sheet 30 can be reliably suppressed.

[0054] The waterproof sheet 30 may also contain a low molecular weight plasticizer, for example, less than 300. Examples of such plasticizers include phthalate ester plasticizers, aliphatic dibasic acid ester plasticizers, aromatic carboxylate ester plasticizers, trimellitate ester plasticizers, etc. By containing such a low molecular weight plasticizer, dirt is less likely to adhere to the surface of the waterproof sheet 30.

[0055] Examples of phthalate plasticizers include DINP (diisononyl phthalate), DOP (dioctyl phthalate), DIBP (diisobutyl phthalate), and DHP (diheptyl phthalate).

[0056] Examples of the aliphatic dibasic acid ester plasticizer include DOA (di-2-ethylhexyl adipate), DIDA (diisodecyl adipate), and DOS (di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate).

[0057] Examples of aromatic carboxylate plasticizers include benzoates of ethylene glycol.

[0058] An example of the trimellitic acid ester plasticizer is TOTM (trioctyl trimellitate).

[0059] In addition, when the waterproof sheet 30 contains a vinyl chloride resin, the plasticizer contained in the waterproof sheet 30 has a solubility parameter of 8.2 (cal / cm 3 ) 1 / 2 More than 9.8(cal / cm 3 ) 1 / 2 The following plasticizers are preferably used. The solubility parameter of the plasticizer affects leakage of the plasticizer in the waterproof sheet 30. By using a plasticizer whose solubility parameter is within the above range, the plasticizer is less likely to leak over time even when the waterproof sheet 30 is exposed to rainwater, sunlight, and microorganisms. This makes it possible to suppress a decrease in the flexibility of the waterproof sheet 30 due to leakage (bleed-out) of the plasticizer, and to accurately suppress the occurrence of cracks, breaks, and the like in the waterproof sheet 30.

[0060] Examples of the plasticizer having such a solubility parameter include the above-mentioned plasticizers, and in particular, (meth)acrylic acid ester-based polymers, epoxy-based plasticizers, ethylene-based copolymer elastomers, and polyester-based polymers are preferably used.

[0061] On the other hand, the solubility parameter of the vinyl chloride resin contained in the waterproof sheet 30 is 9.4 (cal / cm 3 ) 1 / 2 More than 10.8(cal / cm 3 ) 1 / 2 It is preferable that the cal / cm 3 ) 1 / 2 More than 9.9(cal / cm 3 ) 1 / 2 It is more preferable that the solubility parameter is equal to or less than 1000 MPa. A vinyl chloride resin having such a solubility parameter has excellent affinity with a plasticizer having a solubility parameter within the above range. Therefore, a waterproof sheet 30 containing such a vinyl chloride resin can more effectively prevent leakage of the plasticizer.

[0062] In this specification, the solubility parameter (SP value) refers to the Hansen solubility parameter, which is a solubility parameter introduced by Hildebrand, divided into three components, a dispersion term δD, a polar term δP, and a hydrogen bond term δH, and expressed in a three-dimensional space.

[0063] The dispersion term ΔD represents the effect due to dispersion forces, the polar term ΔP represents the effect due to dipole-dipole forces, and the hydrogen bond term ΔH represents the effect due to hydrogen bonding forces. δD: Energy derived from intermolecular dispersion forces δP: Energy derived from intermolecular polar forces δH: Energy derived from hydrogen bonding forces between molecules Each unit is MPa. 0.5 It is.

[0064] The following relationship is found between Hildebrand's SP score and Hansen's HSP. Hildebrand's SP 2 = δD 2 +δP 2 +δH 2

[0065] The definition and calculation of HSP are described in Hansen Solubility Parameters: A Users Handbook by Charles M. Hansen (CRC Press, 2007).

[0066] Here, the dispersion term reflects van der Waals forces, the polar term reflects dipole moments, and the hydrogen bond term reflects the effects of water, alcohol, etc. Also, it can be determined that substances with similar HSP vectors have high solubility.

[0067] The HSP distance (Ra) is, for example, the HSP of vinyl chloride resin (δD 1 , δP 1 , δH 1) and the HSP of the plasticizer is (δD 2 , δP 2 , δH 2 ), it can be calculated using the following formula.

[0068] HSP distance (Ra)= {4×(δD 1 -δD 2 ) 2 +(δP 1 -δP 2 ) 2 +(δH 1 -δH 2 ) 2} 0.5

[0069] In the waterproof sheet 30, the HSP distance between the polyvinyl chloride resin and the plasticizer is preferably 20 or less, and more preferably 10 or less. This provides a particularly good affinity between the two. This makes it possible to particularly effectively suppress leakage of the plasticizer from the waterproof sheet 30.

[0070] 1.2.3. Other Additives The waterproof sheet 30 may contain other additives, such as stabilizers, stabilizing aids, antioxidants, UV absorbers, processing aids, lubricants, fillers, flame retardants, shielding materials, and coloring materials.

[0071] Examples of the stabilizer include organotin stabilizers, organosilicon stabilizers, ester stabilizers such as butyl stearate, calcium-zinc stabilizers, barium-zinc stabilizers, and barium-cadmium stabilizers.

[0072] Examples of stabilizing agents in this case include epoxidized polybutadiene, organic phosphates such as tricresyl phosphate (TCP), trixylyl phosphate (TXP), tributyl phosphate (TBP), tri-2-ethylhexyl phosphate, and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate.

[0073] As the antioxidant, ultraviolet absorber, processing aid, lubricant, filler, flame retardant, shielding material and coloring material, materials known as additives used in molded articles using vinyl chloride resins can be appropriately used.

[0074] 1.2.4. Structure of the waterproof sheet The waterproof sheet 30 may be composed of a single layer of resin sheet, but may have a multi-layer structure in which one or more resin sheets or other layers are laminated in the thickness direction. Examples of other layers include a fiber layer (fiber sheet). Examples of the multi-layer structure include a structure in which a fiber layer is sandwiched between two layers of resin sheets.

[0075] The fiber layer is composed of an aggregate of fibers, and may be, for example, a fabric such as a woven fabric or a nonwoven fabric, or a net formed of multiple lattices of warp and weft threads, etc. By having such a fiber layer, it is possible to improve the mechanical strength, such as tear strength and tensile strength, and durability, such as repeated fatigue resistance, of the waterproof sheet 30.

[0076] The thickness of the waterproof sheet 30 is not particularly limited, but is preferably, for example, about 0.5 mm to 3 mm, and more preferably about 0.8 mm to 3 mm. This allows the floor portion 101 and the wall portion 102 to be securely covered by the waterproof sheet 30. In addition, even if the waterproof sheet 30 is blown by the wind, the occurrence of cracks in the waterproof sheet 30 can be suppressed.

[0077] In addition, an arbitrary layer may be provided between the waterproof sheet 30 and the structure 100 as necessary. Examples of the arbitrary layer include an adhesive layer, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and a cross sheet. Examples of the cross sheet include a cross sheet made of a woven fabric made of polyethylene. In addition, instead of this, a fireproof sheet made of glass fiber, an aluminum foil laminate sheet for pinhole inspection, a walking board made of a high-rigidity board such as a calcium silicate board, an asbestos slate board, or a lightweight aerated concrete board may be used. Furthermore, these may be used as the upper layer, and a heat insulating layer made of expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foam, polyisocyanurate foam, phenol foam, or the like may be used as the lower layer. This ensures the cushioning, insulation, and heat insulation properties of the sheet waterproof structure 10.

[0078] The waterproof sheet 30 may also contain a substance that has a function of inactivating microorganisms (antibacterial function). Examples of substances that have an antibacterial function include antibacterial agents and antifungal agents, which will be described later. By containing such a substance, the resistance of the waterproof sheet 30 to microorganisms can be increased.

[0079] 1.2.5.How waterproof sheets are manufactured The waterproof sheet 30 is manufactured, for example, as follows. First, a resin material such as a polyvinyl chloride resin and various additives such as a plasticizer are mixed uniformly using a mixer. This results in a powdered or pelletized resin composition. Next, this resin composition is heated and kneaded, and then formed into a sheet using a roll to obtain a heated waterproof sheet. Next, the heated waterproof sheet is further heat-pressed and cooled to obtain the waterproof sheet 30.

[0080] 1.3.Insulation Sheet The insulating sheet 40 is provided so as to cover the waterproof sheet 30. The insulating sheet 40 has a plasticizer content of 0.10% by mass or less, preferably 0.05% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.03% by mass or less. If the plasticizer content in the insulating sheet 40 is within the above range, the insulating sheet 40 has good shielding properties against microorganisms. As a result, the performance of the waterproof sheet 30 can be maintained for a long period of time, and the durability of the sheet waterproof structure 10 can be increased.

[0081] When the plasticizer content in the insulating sheet 40 exceeds the upper limit, a large amount of the plasticizer is decomposed by microorganisms. The microorganisms decompose the plasticizer, which causes the insulating sheet 40 to deteriorate. When the insulating sheet 40 deteriorates, the insulating properties decrease, and the waterproof sheet 30 becomes more susceptible to exposure to microorganisms. As described above, the waterproof sheet 30 often contains a plasticizer. Therefore, when the waterproof sheet 30 is exposed to microorganisms, the plasticizer is decomposed, causing the waterproof sheet 30 to deteriorate.

[0082] Methods for measuring the content of the plasticizer in the insulating sheet 40 include, for example, gas chromatography mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and the method is appropriately selected depending on the constituent material of the insulating sheet 40. Note that, if necessary, a sample of the insulating sheet 40 may be pretreated. One example of the pretreatment is a process in which the sample is brought into contact with an organic solvent to dissolve the plasticizer contained therein.

[0083] Examples of plasticizers to be measured include adipate ester plasticizers, phthalate ester plasticizers, trimellitate ester plasticizers, (meth)acrylic ester polymers, epoxy plasticizers, ethylene copolymer elastomers, chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), (meth)acrylic resin (PMMA), polyester polymers, polyvinyl acetate resin (PVAc), acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR).

[0084] Of these, in the case where the molecular weight of the plasticizer is low, it is preferable that the plasticizer to be measured is, in particular, an adipate ester plasticizer, a phthalate ester plasticizer, or a trimellitate ester plasticizer, since the plasticizer is easily decomposed by microorganisms. When the total content of these is within the above range, the insulating property of the insulating sheet 40 can be particularly improved.

[0085] Examples of the constituent material of the insulating sheet 40 include a resin material, a metal material, an oxide material, etc. Furthermore, the constituent material of the insulating sheet 40 may be a composite material of two or more of these materials.

[0086] Examples of resin materials include low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyamide, acrylic resin, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, etc. In this specification, low-density polyethylene refers to polyethylene having a density of 0.94 g / cm 3 The following polyethylene is referred to: High density polyethylene has a density of 0.94 g / cm 3Polyvinyl chloride refers to polyethylene of higher purity. In addition, polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyamides such as nylon, and the like are particularly preferred for this resin material, with high-density polyethylene being more preferred. These materials have a particularly low plasticizer content, which contributes to the realization of an insulating sheet 40 with high insulating properties. Furthermore, when polyvinyl chloride is used as a constituent material of the insulating sheet 40 and also as a constituent material of the waterproof sheet 30, the affinity between the two is good, and therefore a sheet waterproof structure 10 with excellent properties can be obtained.

[0087] Examples of metal materials include simple substances or alloys of aluminum, titanium, nickel, etc., stainless steel, etc. Examples of oxide materials include oxides of alumina, zirconia, titania, magnesia, silica, etc. These materials are substantially free of plasticizers, and therefore contribute to realizing an insulating sheet 40 with a particularly low plasticizer content.

[0088] 2 is an example of a single-layer sheet of these constituent materials, but may be a multi-layer sheet. Examples of single-layer sheets include resin sheets, resin films, and metal foils. In the case of a multi-layer sheet, the constituent materials of the layers may be the same or different.

[0089] Furthermore, the insulating sheet 40 may have a fiber layer containing fibers made of the above-mentioned constituent materials. The fiber layer may be a fabric such as a nonwoven fabric or a woven fabric, a net, or paper. By including the fiber layer, the mechanical strength and durability of the insulating sheet 40 can be improved. Specific examples of the fiber layer include a resin cloth sheet containing resin fibers, a glass cloth sheet containing glass fibers, and a carbon cloth sheet containing carbon fibers.

[0090] The thickness of the insulating sheet 40 is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 10 μm to 2000 μm, more preferably about 30 μm to 500 μm, and even more preferably about 50 μm to 200 μm, so that the insulating sheet 40 can have a sufficient insulating property.

[0091] The tensile strength of the insulating sheet 40 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100 [N / 50 mm] or more, and more preferably 300 [N / 50 mm] or more. This can particularly increase the mechanical strength and durability of the insulating sheet 40. The tensile strength of the insulating sheet 40 is measured in accordance with the A method specified in JIS L 1096:2020. The size of the test piece is 300 mm in length and 50 mm in width. The length between the clamps of the tensile tester is 200 mm, the tensile speed is 200 mm / min, and the measurement temperature is 20°C.

[0092] The breaking elongation of the insulating sheet 40 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5.0% to 40.0%, and more preferably 10.0% to 30.0%. This makes it difficult for the insulating sheet 40 to break even if a person or object hits the insulating sheet 40 and tensile stress is applied to it. This further improves the insulation of the insulating sheet 40. The breaking elongation of the insulating sheet 40 is measured in accordance with the A method specified in JIS L 1096:2020. The size of the test piece is 300 mm in length and 50 mm in width. The length between the clamps of the tensile tester is 200 mm, the tensile speed is 200 mm / min, and the measurement temperature is 20°C.

[0093] If the breaking elongation is below the lower limit, the insulating sheet 40 may break easily due to the small breaking elongation. On the other hand, if the breaking elongation is above the upper limit, the insulating sheet 40 may become slack or lift easily due to the tendency to stretch.

[0094] The upper surface 401 of the insulating sheet 40 may be subjected to a surface treatment as required. Examples of the surface treatment include embossing and matte finishing. These treatments provide an anti-slip effect on the upper surface 401. As a result, when the upper surface 401 of the insulating sheet 40 is used directly as a floor surface, a non-slip floor surface can be provided.

[0095] If necessary, an optional layer may be provided between the insulating sheet 40 and the waterproof sheet 30. Examples of the optional layer include an adhesive layer, a pressure sensitive adhesive layer, and the like.

[0096] On the other hand, the insulating sheet 40 and the waterproof sheet 30 may simply be in contact with each other without the use of an adhesive or the like. In this case, a tiny air layer will exist between the insulating sheet 40 and the waterproof sheet 30. In this case, the air layer will inhibit the movement of microorganisms, making it difficult for the microorganisms to come into contact with the waterproof sheet 30. In addition, even if the insulating sheet 40 expands or contracts, this will not affect the waterproof sheet 30, which has the advantage of making it difficult for deterioration of the waterproof sheet 30 to occur.

[0097] 1.4.Flooring The flooring 50 is placed on the insulating sheet 40. Examples of the flooring 50 include walking boards made of highly rigid boards such as calcium silicate boards, asbestos slate boards, and lightweight aerated concrete boards. This prevents the flooring 50 and the waterproof sheet 30 from coming into direct contact with each other, effectively suppressing deterioration of the waterproof sheet 30 due to friction and the like. The floor material 50 may be provided as necessary and may be omitted.

[0098] 2. Second embodiment Next, a sheet waterproof structure according to a second embodiment will be described. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a sheet waterproof structure 10 according to the second embodiment.

[0099] The second embodiment will be described below, focusing on the differences from the first embodiment and omitting the description of the similarities. Note that in FIG. 3 of the second embodiment, the same reference numerals are used for the same configurations as the first embodiment.

[0100] 2.1.Multilayer structure The sheet waterproof structure 10 according to the second embodiment is similar to the sheet waterproof structure 10 according to the first embodiment, except that the insulating sheet 40 has a multi-layer structure. That is, the insulating sheet 40 shown in Fig. 3 also has a plasticizer content of 0.10 mass % or less, preferably 0.05 mass % or less, and more preferably 0.03 mass % or less, similar to the first embodiment. This makes it possible to obtain a sheet waterproof structure 10 capable of suppressing deterioration of the waterproof sheet 30 caused by microorganisms, similar to the first embodiment.

[0101] The plasticizer content of the insulating sheet 40 having a multi-layer structure is determined as follows. First, the plasticizer content of each of the first resin layer 41, the intermediate layer 43, and the second resin layer 42 is measured. Next, the average value of each measurement value is calculated. The calculated average value is regarded as the plasticizer content of the insulating sheet 40.

[0102] The insulating sheet 40 shown in FIG. 3 includes a laminate in which a first resin layer 41, an intermediate layer 43, and a second resin layer 42 are laminated in this order. The insulating sheet 40 has such a multi-layer structure, which can improve the covering ability of the insulating sheet 40 with respect to the waterproof sheet 30. In other words, even if there is a pinhole or the like in one of the layers constituting the multi-layer structure, the influence of the pinhole or the like is less likely to be exposed as a whole because it is covered by another layer. This can further improve the insulation provided by the insulating sheet 40. In addition, each layer can have a different function. This can improve, for example, the mechanical strength and durability of the insulating sheet 40.

[0103] The first resin layer 41 is disposed on the waterproof sheet 30 side. The first resin layer 41 covers the lower surface of the intermediate layer 43, and ensures continuity as a multi-layer structure even when the intermediate layer 43 is highly discontinuous. As a result, for example, the intermediate layer 43 contributes to increasing mechanical strength and durability, and the first resin layer 41 contributes to increasing insulation properties.

[0104] The second resin layer 42 is disposed on the opposite side to the waterproof sheet 30. The second resin layer 42 covers the upper surface of the intermediate layer 43, and ensures continuity as a multi-layer structure even when the intermediate layer 43 is highly discontinuous. As a result, for example, the intermediate layer 43 contributes to increasing mechanical strength and durability, and the second resin layer 42 contributes to increasing insulation properties.

[0105] The first resin layer 41 and the second resin layer 42 each contain a resin material. Examples of the resin material include low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyamide, acrylic resin, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, etc. The resin material may also be a polymer blend or polymer alloy containing two or more of these materials.

[0106] Of these, polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene are preferably used as the resin material, polyethylene is more preferably used, and high-density polyethylene is even more preferably used. These have a particularly low plasticizer content, which contributes to realizing insulating sheet 40 with particularly good insulating properties. In addition, these have low water absorption and high flexibility, which also enhances the insulating properties of insulating sheet 40.

[0107] The resin material contained in the first resin layer 41 and the resin material contained in the second resin layer 42 may be the same or different. When the resin materials are the same, the thermal expansion coefficients of the first resin layer 41 and the second resin layer 42 can be made close to each other, thereby preventing unintended warping of the insulating sheet 40. When the resin materials are different, optimal characteristics can be achieved depending on the arrangement.

[0108] The first resin layer 41 and the second resin layer 42 may each contain various additives. Examples of the additives include antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, processing aids, lubricants, fillers, flame retardants, shielding materials, and coloring materials.

[0109] Among these, the antioxidant suppresses the deterioration of the insulating properties due to oxidation of the first resin layer 41 and the second resin layer 42. In addition, the ultraviolet absorbing agent suppresses the deterioration of the first resin layer 41, the second resin layer 42, and the intermediate layer 43 due to ultraviolet rays.

[0110] The shielding material and coloring material impart light-shielding properties to the first resin layer 41 and the second resin layer 42. This can reduce the amount of exposure to each layer below them, suppressing deterioration due to light.

[0111] The thickness of each of the first resin layer 41 and the second resin layer 42 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 μm to 100 μm, more preferably 10 μm to 60 μm, and even more preferably 15 μm to 50 μm. This ensures sufficient insulation and mechanical strength from the first resin layer 41, and also ensures good flexibility and ease of handling of the insulating sheet 40.

[0112] If each thickness is below the lower limit, the insulating properties and mechanical strength of the insulating sheet 40 may decrease. On the other hand, if each thickness exceeds the upper limit, the flexibility and handleability of the insulating sheet 40 may decrease.

[0113] The thickness of the first resin layer 41 and the thickness of the second resin layer 42 may be the same as each other or may be different from each other. When the thicknesses are different from each other, it is preferable to make the second resin layer 42 thicker than the first resin layer 41, considering that the second resin layer 42 is closer to the external environment. This increases the insulation especially in the upper part of the insulating sheet 40, thereby improving the insulation overall.

[0114] In this case, the difference in thickness is preferably 5 μm to 50 μm, more preferably 10 μm to 30 μm, which provides a good balance of thickness and can suppress the occurrence of unintended warping.

[0115] The intermediate layer 43 is disposed between the first resin layer 41 and the second resin layer 42. The intermediate layer 43 preferably has a mechanical strength greater than those of the first resin layer 41 and the second resin layer 42. As a result, the intermediate layer 43 contributes to increasing the mechanical strength and durability of the insulating sheet 40. The mechanical strength in this case is the tensile strength [N / 50 mm] according to the test method specified in JIS L 1096:2020.

[0116] Examples of the constituent material of the intermediate layer 43 include a resin material, a metal material, and an oxide material. The details of each material are as described above. The constituent material of the intermediate layer 43 may be a composite material of two or more of these materials. Furthermore, when the intermediate layer 34 contains a resin material, the insulating sheet 40 becomes easier to cut. This improves the workability of the insulating sheet 40. The content of the resin material in the intermediate layer 43 is preferably 90% by mass or more. On the other hand, the intermediate layer 43 may contain a metal material. Since the metal material is an inorganic material, it contributes to realizing the insulating sheet 40 having excellent weather resistance and insulating properties. The content of the metal material in the intermediate layer 43 is preferably 90% by mass or more.

[0117] The intermediate layer 43 may have a fiber layer containing fibers made of the above-mentioned constituent materials. The fiber layer may be a fabric such as a nonwoven fabric or a woven fabric, a net, or paper. The intermediate layer 43 may include a fiber layer, which can improve the mechanical strength and durability of the insulating sheet 40. Specific examples of the fiber layer include a resin cross sheet containing resin fibers, a glass cross sheet containing glass fibers, a carbon cross sheet containing carbon fibers, and a metal cross sheet containing metal fibers. Of these, a resin cross sheet is preferably used for the intermediate layer 43. The resin cross sheet has good flexibility and is less likely to cause the resin fibers to fall off. Therefore, the resin cross sheet contributes to realizing the insulating sheet 40 with excellent insulating properties. In addition, the resin cross sheet has excellent adhesion to the first resin layer 41 and the second resin layer 42, so that it can also contribute to realizing the insulating sheet 40 with excellent insulating properties from that viewpoint.

[0118] The resin material constituting the resin cross sheet is the resin material described above, but in particular, the same material as the resin material contained in the first resin layer 41 or the resin material contained in the second resin layer 42 is preferably used, and more preferably the same material as both. This provides an intermediate layer 43 that has excellent adhesion to the first resin layer 41 and the second resin layer 42. As a result, an insulating sheet 40 with particularly good insulation properties is obtained.

[0119] In addition, the resin material constituting the resin cloth sheet is preferably a polyolefin such as polyethylene or polypropylene, a polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate, or a polyamide such as nylon, more preferably polyethylene, and even more preferably high density polyethylene, which has a particularly low plasticizer content and contributes to realizing an insulating sheet 40 with particularly good insulating properties.

[0120] Furthermore, when the first resin layer 41, the second resin layer 42, and the intermediate layer 43 all contain polyethylene, the adhesion between the layers can be particularly improved, thereby making it possible to particularly improve the insulating properties of the insulating sheet 40.

[0121] The thickness of intermediate layer 43 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 μm to 1000 μm, more preferably 75 μm to 500 μm, and even more preferably 100 μm to 200 μm. If the thickness of intermediate layer 43 is within the above range, the mechanical strength and durability of insulating sheet 40 can be sufficiently ensured, and insulating sheet 40 can also be ensured to have good flexibility and handleability.

[0122] The number of threads per inch in the resin cloth sheet is not particularly limited, but is preferably 4×4 threads / inch or more and 20×20 threads / inch or less, and more preferably 6×6 threads / inch or more and 16×16 threads / inch or less. This allows the insulation sheet 40 to have both flexibility and mechanical strength. In addition, by optimizing the aperture ratio of the intermediate layer 43, the adhesion between the first resin layer 41 and the second resin layer 42 and the intermediate layer 43 can be ensured, while the insulation provided by the intermediate layer 43 can also be improved. As a result, this contributes to realizing an insulation sheet 40 with particularly good insulation properties.

[0123] If the thread count is below the lower limit, the flexibility and mechanical strength of the insulating sheet 40 may decrease, depending on the fiber material. On the other hand, if the thread count is above the upper limit, the adhesion between the first resin layer 41 and the second resin layer 42 and the intermediate layer 43 may decrease, depending on the fiber material.

[0124] In addition to the above-mentioned layers, any layer for any purpose may be added to the insulating sheet 40. For example, an adhesive layer may be provided between the first resin layer 41 and the intermediate layer 43 and / or between the second resin layer 42 and the intermediate layer 43.

[0125] 2.2. Manufacturing method of insulating sheet The insulating sheet 40 shown in Fig. 3 is manufactured by a dry lamination method, a solventless lamination method, an extrusion lamination method, or the like. The dry lamination method is a method in which an adhesive diluted with a solvent is applied to the intermediate layer 43, dried, and then the first resin layer 41 and the second resin layer 42 are pressed and bonded together. The solventless lamination method is a method in which a molten material is applied to the intermediate layer 43 to form the first resin layer 41 and the second resin layer 42. The extrusion lamination method is a method in which raw materials such as pellets are melted and extruded into a film shape by an extruder to form the first resin layer 41 and the second resin layer 42, and are bonded to the intermediate layer 43.

[0126] 3. Third embodiment Next, a sheet waterproof structure according to a third embodiment will be described. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a sheet waterproof structure 10 according to the third embodiment.

[0127] The third embodiment will be described below, focusing on the differences from the first embodiment and omitting the description of the similarities. In FIG. 4 of the third embodiment, the same reference numerals are used for the same configurations as the first embodiment.

[0128] The sheet waterproof structure 10 shown in FIG. 4 is similar to the sheet waterproof structure 10 shown in FIG. 2, except that it further includes a functional layer 60 provided between the waterproof sheet 30 and the insulating sheet 40.

[0129] The functional layer 60 shown in Fig. 4 has a function of inactivating microorganisms. With this function, even if the insulating function of the insulating sheet 40 is reduced or the insulating sheet 40 is peeled off, deterioration of the waterproof sheet 30 caused by microorganisms can be more reliably suppressed. As a result, a sheet-type waterproof structure 10 that can suppress water leakage into the structure 100 for a longer period of time can be realized.

[0130] The functional layer 60 includes a base material and a substance having a function of inactivating microorganisms (antibacterial function). Examples of substances having antibacterial function include antibacterial agents and antifungal agents. Antibacterial agents exert their growth inhibition and sterilization effects mainly by destroying, denaturing, and inhibiting the functions of bacterial cell structures. Antifungal agents exert their growth inhibition and sterilization effects mainly on fungi (mold). Hereinafter, these are abbreviated as "antibacterial agents". In other words, the antibacterial agents below are substances that exhibit antibacterial function against both bacteria and fungi.

[0131] The functional layer 60 contains an antibacterial agent, which increases the resistance of the functional layer 60 to microorganisms that have penetrated the insulating sheet 40 or invaded through gaps, etc. This makes it possible to more reliably suppress deterioration of the waterproof sheet 30 due to microorganisms even if the insulating function of the insulating sheet 40 is reduced or peeling of the insulating sheet 40 occurs.

[0132] The functional layer 60 also has the function of replenishing an antibacterial agent to the waterproof sheet 30. For example, if the waterproof sheet 30 contains an antibacterial agent, the antibacterial agent may leak from the waterproof sheet 30 over time. Even in such a case, if the antibacterial agent can be replenished from the functional layer 60, the resistance of the waterproof sheet 30 to microorganisms can be well maintained.

[0133] The antibacterial agent contained in the functional layer 60 may be, for example, an inorganic antibacterial agent or an organic antibacterial agent.

[0134] Inorganic antibacterial agents are antibacterial agents that contain inorganic antibacterial compounds as the main component and can maintain their antibacterial function for a long period of time. Examples of inorganic antibacterial agents include metal-supported antibacterial agents and inorganic-organic composite antibacterial agents.

[0135] Metal-supported antibacterial agents are substances in which antibacterial metals or metal ions having antibacterial activity are supported on a carrier. Examples of metal-supported antibacterial agents include silicate-based antibacterial agents such as zeolite (aluminosilicate), magnesium aluminometasilicate, and calcium silicate; phosphate-based antibacterial agents such as zirconium phosphate, calcium phosphate, and calcium phosphate double salt; oxide-based antibacterial agents such as silica, silica gel, zinc oxide, and alkaline earth metal (hydr)oxide; glass-based antibacterial agents such as soluble glass and composite glass; and potassium titanate.

[0136] The inorganic-organic composite antibacterial agent is a substance in which an organic antibacterial agent is supported on an inorganic carrier. Examples of the inorganic-organic composite antibacterial agent include layered phosphate-quaternary ammonium.

[0137] The organic antibacterial agent is an antibacterial agent whose main component is an organic antibacterial compound, and has excellent affinity with resin materials. Examples of the organic antibacterial agent include organic synthetic antibacterial agents and natural product antibacterial agents.

[0138] Examples of organic synthetic antibacterial agents include antibacterial agents that inhibit microbial biosynthesis, such as phenol-based antibacterial agents, pyridine / quinoline-based antibacterial agents, triazine-based antibacterial agents, isothiazolone-based antibacterial agents, and anilide-based antibacterial agents; antibacterial agents that inhibit the energy acquisition system of microorganisms, such as nitrile-based antibacterial agents and imidazole / thiazole-based antibacterial agents; antibacterial agents that damage the biological substances of microorganisms, such as alcohol-based antibacterial agents, aldehyde-based antibacterial agents, and disulfide-based antibacterial agents; and antibacterial agents that destroy the cell structure of microorganisms, such as carboxylic acid-based antibacterial agents, ester-based antibacterial agents, ether-based antibacterial agents, quaternary ammonium salt-based antibacterial agents, biguanide-based antibacterial agents, and surfactant-based antibacterial agents.

[0139] Examples of natural antibacterial agents include animal-derived antibacterial agents such as chitin, chitosan, and propolis; plant-derived antibacterial agents such as hinokitiol, tea catechin, mustard, and wasabi extract; and microbial-derived antibacterial agents such as polylysine.

[0140] The content of the antibacterial agent is preferably 0.01 parts by mass or more and 10 parts by mass or less, more preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more and 5 parts by mass or less, relative to 100 parts by mass of the base material. By setting the content of the antibacterial agent within the above range, it is possible to realize a functional layer 60 that can more reliably inactivate microorganisms. In addition, it is possible to suppress deterioration of the mechanical properties of the functional layer 60. Furthermore, it is possible to effectively replenish the antibacterial agent contained in the functional layer 60 to the waterproof sheet 30.

[0141] If the content of the antibacterial agent is below the lower limit, microorganisms may not be sufficiently inactivated in the functional layer 60. Also, a sufficient amount of the antibacterial agent may not be supplied from the functional layer 60 to the waterproof sheet 30. On the other hand, if the content of the antibacterial agent is above the upper limit, the mechanical properties of the functional layer 60 may be deteriorated.

[0142] The antibacterial agent may be dispersed throughout the functional layer 60, or may be distributed in layers on the surface or inside of the functional layer 60.

[0143] In the former case, the antibacterial agent can be dispersed by kneading the base material with the antibacterial agent, which allows the functional layer 60 to exhibit better antibacterial function.

[0144] In the latter case, the antibacterial agent can be applied to the surface of the sheet made of the base material. This allows the functional layer 60 to be easily manufactured. In addition, the continuity of the antibacterial function can be improved. In the latter case, applying the antibacterial agent to the surface of the sheet made of the base material that faces the insulating sheet 40 makes it easier to protect the functional layer 60 from microorganisms. On the other hand, applying the antibacterial agent to the surface of the sheet made of the base material that faces the waterproof sheet 30 makes it easier to replenish the antibacterial agent to the waterproof sheet 30.

[0145] The functional layer 60 preferably contains a resin material as a base material. Examples of the resin material include low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyamide, acrylic resin, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, etc. In particular, polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyamides such as nylon, etc. are preferably used, and high-density polyethylene is more preferably used.

[0146] The content of the plasticizer in the functional layer 60 is preferably 1.00% by mass or less, more preferably 0.50% by mass or less, and even more preferably 0.10% by mass or less. If the content of the plasticizer in the functional layer 60 is within the above range, the functional layer 60 has good shielding properties against microorganisms. As a result, the performance of the waterproof sheet 30 can be maintained for a long period of time, and the durability of the sheet waterproof structure 10 can be further improved.

[0147] The method for measuring the plasticizer content in the functional layer 60 is the same as the method for measuring the plasticizer content in the insulating sheet 40 .

[0148] The thickness of the functional layer 60 is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 5 μm to 1000 μm, more preferably about 10 μm to 500 μm, and even more preferably about 15 μm to 200 μm, for example. This ensures sufficient mechanical strength in the functional layer 60, so that the antibacterial function can be maintained for a long period of time.

[0149] In addition, an optional layer may be provided between the insulating sheet 40 and the functional layer 60, and between the functional layer 60 and the waterproof sheet 30, as necessary. Examples of the optional layer include an adhesive layer, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and the like.

[0150] On the other hand, the insulating sheet 40 and the functional layer 60, and the functional layer 60 and the waterproof sheet 30 may simply be in contact with each other without the use of adhesive or the like. In this case, a tiny air layer is interposed. In this case, the air layer inhibits the movement of microorganisms, making it difficult for the microorganisms to come into contact with the waterproof sheet 30. In addition, even if the insulating sheet 40 or the functional layer 60 expands or contracts, the influence does not extend to the waterproof sheet 30, so there is an advantage that deterioration of the waterproof sheet 30 is unlikely to occur.

[0151] 4. Advantages of the above embodiment As described above, the sheet waterproof structure 10 according to the embodiment is a sheet waterproof structure that waterproofs the structure 100, and includes the waterproof sheet 30 provided on the structure 100 side, and the insulating sheet 40 provided on the opposite side of the waterproof sheet 30 from the structure 100. The insulating sheet 40 has a plasticizer content of 0.10 mass % or less.

[0152] According to this configuration, the insulating sheet 40 is difficult for substances such as microorganisms and enzymes to penetrate, so that it is possible to suppress contact between the waterproof sheet 30 and substances such as microorganisms and enzymes. Therefore, according to the sheet waterproof structure 10 in which the insulating sheet 40 is disposed on the waterproof sheet 30, it is possible to suppress deterioration of the waterproof sheet 30 due to microorganisms, and the durability of the structure 100 can be increased.

[0153] In addition, the waterproof sheet 30 preferably contains a plasticizer. Such a configuration can impart flexibility to the waterproof sheet 30.

[0154] Moreover, the waterproof sheet 30 preferably contains a vinyl chloride resin. According to such a configuration, the waterproof sheet 30 can have excellent solvent weldability and heat fusion property, so that a waterproof sheet 30 having excellent workability in construction, for example, can be obtained.

[0155] The plasticizer contained in the waterproof sheet 30 has a molecular weight of 300 or more and a solubility parameter of 8.2 (cal / cm 3 )1 / 2 More than 9.8(cal / cm 3 ) 1 / 2 It is preferable that:

[0156] According to this configuration, the plasticizer is less likely to leak over time even when the waterproof sheet 30 is exposed to rainwater or sunlight. This makes it possible to prevent the waterproof sheet 30 from losing flexibility due to the leakage (bleed-out) of the plasticizer, and to appropriately prevent the waterproof sheet 30 from cracking or breaking.

[0157] In addition, it is preferable that the waterproof sheet 30 is provided so as to cover the surface of the body 100 , and the insulating sheet 40 is provided so as to be in contact with the waterproof sheet 30 .

[0158] According to this configuration, a tiny air layer exists between the insulating sheet 40 and the waterproof sheet 30. This air layer inhibits the movement of microorganisms, making it difficult for the microorganisms to come into contact with the waterproof sheet 30. In addition, even if the insulating sheet 40 expands or contracts, this does not affect the waterproof sheet 30, which has the advantage of making it difficult for deterioration of the waterproof sheet 30 to occur.

[0159] The insulating sheet 40 may include a laminate in which a first resin layer 41, an intermediate layer 43, and a second resin layer 42 are laminated in this order from the waterproof sheet 30 side.

[0160] This configuration can improve the covering ability of the insulating sheet 40 over the waterproof sheet 30. In other words, even if there is a pinhole or the like in one of the layers constituting the multi-layer structure, the effect of the pinhole or the like is less likely to be exposed as a whole because it is covered by another layer. Also, each layer can be given a different function. This can increase, for example, the mechanical strength and durability of the insulating sheet 40.

[0161] The intermediate layer 43 may also have a fiber layer containing fibers. With this configuration, the mechanical strength and durability of the intermediate layer 43 can be improved.

[0162] The fibers may also be resin fibers. Resin fibers have good flexibility and are less likely to fall off, so that it is possible to realize insulating sheet 40 with excellent insulation properties. In addition, intermediate layer 43 containing resin fibers has excellent adhesion to first resin layer 41 and second resin layer 42, so that it is possible to realize insulating sheet 40 with excellent insulation properties from that viewpoint as well.

[0163] The first resin layer 41 and the second resin layer 42 may also contain polyethylene. With this configuration, the content of plasticizer in the polyethylene is particularly low, making it possible to realize insulating sheet 40 with particularly good insulating properties. In addition, polyethylene has low water absorption and high flexibility, which also enhances the insulating properties of insulating sheet 40.

[0164] In addition, a functional layer 60 may be provided between the waterproof sheet 30 and the insulating sheet 40 and contains an antibacterial agent or an antifungal agent.

[0165] This configuration increases the resistance of the functional layer 60 to microorganisms that have penetrated the insulating sheet 40 or invaded through gaps, etc. As a result, even if the insulating function of the insulating sheet 40 is reduced or the insulating sheet 40 is peeled off, deterioration of the waterproof sheet 30 due to microorganisms can be more reliably suppressed. The functional layer 60 also has the function of replenishing an antibacterial agent to the waterproof sheet 30. For example, if the waterproof sheet 30 contains an antibacterial agent, the antibacterial agent may leak from the waterproof sheet 30 over time. Even in such a case, if the antibacterial agent can be replenished from the functional layer 60, the resistance of the waterproof sheet 30 to microorganisms can be well maintained.

[0166] Although the sheet waterproofing structure according to the present invention has been described above based on the above embodiment, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, the sheet waterproofing structure according to the present invention may be one in which each part of the above embodiment is replaced with an arbitrary structure having the same function, or an arbitrary structure may be added to the above embodiment. EXAMPLES

[0167] Next, specific examples of the present invention will be described. 5. Fabrication of sheet waterproof structure Sheet waterproof structures were prepared for each of the examples and comparative examples shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3. The waterproof sheet and the insulating sheet were simply in contact with each other.

[0168] Among the examples, in Examples 1, 2, 19, 20, and 21, an insulating sheet having a single layer structure was used, and in Examples 3 to 18 and 22 to 24, an insulating sheet having a multilayer structure was used.

[0169] Among the comparative examples, in comparative example 1, no insulating sheet was used, in comparative example 2, a single-layer insulating sheet made of polyurethane was used, and in comparative example 3, a single-layer insulating sheet made of polyvinyl chloride resin was used.

[0170] Tables 1, 2, and 3 show the structure, constituent materials, thickness, plasticizer content, etc. of the insulation sheet, as well as the constituent materials, thickness, molecular weight of the plasticizer, solubility parameter of the plasticizer, etc. of the waterproof sheet. The symbols in Tables 1, 2, and 3 correspond to the materials shown below.

[0171] PVC: Polyvinyl chloride resin (SP value: 9.5 (cal / cm 3 ) 1 / 2 ) HDPE: High density polyethylene PET: Polyethylene terephthalate PP: Polypropylene TPU: Polyurethane PE fiber: Polyethylene cloth sheet PP fiber: Polypropylene cloth sheet Al: Aluminum foil Inorganic 1: Inorganic antibacterial agents (metal-supported antibacterial agents) Inorganic 2: Inorganic antibacterial agents (phosphate-based antibacterial agents) Organic 1: Organic antibacterial agents (surfactant-based antibacterial agents)

[0172] In addition, the molecular weight and solubility parameter of the plasticizer contained in each waterproof sheet correspond to the plasticizer shown below.

[0173] Epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO, ADEKA "O-130P", molecular weight: 950, SP value: 9.0 (cal / cm 3 ) 1 / 2 ) Non-functional acrylic acid ester monomer polymer ("Alphon UP-1021" manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd., molecular weight: 1600, SP value: 9.2 (cal / cm 3 ) 1 / 2 ) Polyester polymer (DIC "Polysizer W-2640-S", molecular weight: 2600, SP value: 9.3 (cal / cm 3 ) 1 / 2 ) Ethylene-acrylate copolymer (Elvaloy HP441, manufactured by Mitsui Dow Polychemicals, weight average molecular weight: 198,000, SP value: 9.2 (cal / cm 3 ) 1 / 2 ) Trioctyl trimellitate (TOTM, molecular weight: 550, SP value: 9.0 (cal / cm 3 ) 1 / 2 ) Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer ("Levaprene 700" manufactured by Hiraizumi Yoko Co., Ltd., weight average molecular weight: 270,000, SP value: 8.7 (cal / cm 3 ) 1 / 2 ) Dibutyl phthalate (DBP, molecular weight: 280, SP value: 9.3 (cal / cm 3 ) 1 / 2 ) Diethyl phthalate (DEP, molecular weight: 220, SP value: 10.0 (cal / cm 3 )1 / 2 ) Bis(2-butoxyethyl) phthalate (DBEP, molecular weight: 365, SP value: 8.0 (cal / cm 3 ) 1 / 2 )

[0174] When two types of plasticizers are used in combination, the molecular weights and solubility parameters of the two types of plasticizers are listed with a " / " in Tables 1, 2, and 3. Among these, the two types of plasticizers were blended at a mass ratio of "2 / 5" in Example 10, at a mass ratio of "5 / 4" in Example 12, and at a mass ratio of "4 / 5" in Example 14.

[0175] 6. Evaluation of sheet waterproofing structure 6.1.Tensile strength of insulation sheet Test pieces of a predetermined size were cut out from the insulating sheet used in the sheet waterproof structure of each Example and Comparative Example. The tensile strength of the obtained test pieces was then measured. The measurement results were evaluated in accordance with the following evaluation criteria. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3.

[0176] A: Tensile strength is 500 [N / 50 mm] or more. B: Tensile strength is 100 [N / 50 mm] or more and less than 500 [N / 50 mm] C: Tensile strength is less than 100 [N / 50 mm]

[0177] 6.2. Workability (ease of cutting the insulation sheet) The insulating sheets used in the sheet waterproofing structures of each Example and Comparative Example were evaluated for workability at the construction site. The workability was evaluated based on the ease of cutting the insulating sheets with a utility knife against the following evaluation criteria. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3.

[0178] A: High cuttability B: Slightly easier to cut C: Low cuttability

[0179] 6.3. Leakage of plasticizer due to repeated wetting and drying in muddy piles A test piece measuring 90 mm in length and 90 mm in width was cut out from each of the waterproof sheets of the Examples and Comparative Examples. The weight [g] of the test piece was then measured as the initial weight [g].

[0180] Next, each test piece was placed in a storage tank, and then 15 g of mud and 25 mL of pure water were placed in the storage tank, and each test piece was immersed. In this state, the storage tank was placed in an oven at 80 ° C and stored for 84 days. At this time, 25 mL of pure water was added every 12 hours to repeat the dry and wet states. Then, each test piece was taken out of the storage tank, washed, and dried. The mud used was test powder 1 (11 types, manufactured by the Japan Powder Industry and Technology Association) specified in JIS Z 8901:2006.

[0181] Next, the weight [g] of each test piece after the repeated wetting and drying was measured as the weight [g] after the repeated wetting and drying. Next, assuming the initial weight to be 100.0%, the ratio of the weight after the repeated wetting and drying was calculated as the residual rate [%] of plasticizer in the waterproof sheet. The calculation results were then evaluated against the following evaluation criteria. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3.

[0182] A: Residual plasticizer rate is 96.0% or more. B: Residual rate of plasticizer is 90.0% or more and less than 96.0% C: Residual plasticizer rate is less than 90.0%

[0183] 6.4. Assessment of Microbial Impact 6.4.1. Deterioration of insulation sheets due to microorganisms Two test pieces of a predetermined size were cut out from the insulating sheet used in the sheet waterproof structure of each Example and Comparative Example.

[0184] Next, the breaking elongation of one of the test pieces was measured. The measurement result was designated as the "breaking elongation before exposure to microorganisms."

[0185] Next, another test piece was immersed in a bacterial culture solution prepared as follows.

[0186] First, 10 mL of MS medium was prepared, and 10 μL of a culture solution of Gordonia bacteria cultured in 1 / 2 concentration Miller's LB medium for 24 hours was added to obtain a mixed solution. Next, the resulting mixed solution was stirred at a stirring speed of 121 rpm and a temperature of 30°C for 48 hours to culture the bacteria. This resulted in a bacterial culture solution.

[0187] Next, the test pieces were immersed in the bacterial culture solution for 48 hours, after which their breaking elongation was measured. The measurement results are referred to as "breaking elongation after exposure to microorganisms."

[0188] Next, the "residual elongation rate of the insulating sheet" was calculated based on the following formula. Residual elongation rate of insulating sheet (%) = [elongation at break after exposure to microorganisms] / [elongation at break before exposure to microorganisms] × 100

[0189] The calculated deterioration degree of the insulating sheet was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3.

[0190] A: Deterioration of the insulation sheet is small (residual elongation is 95% or more) B: Insulation sheet is moderately deteriorated (residual elongation is 80% or more but less than 95%) C: The insulation sheet has deteriorated significantly (residual elongation is less than 80%)

[0191] 6.4.2. Deterioration of waterproof sheets due to microorganisms Two test pieces of a predetermined size were cut out from the waterproof sheet used in the sheet waterproof structure of each Example and Comparative Example.

[0192] Next, the breaking elongation of one of the test pieces was measured. The measurement result was designated as the "breaking elongation before exposure to microorganisms."

[0193] Next, another test piece was immersed in a bacterial culture solution prepared as follows.

[0194] First, 10 mL of MS medium was prepared, and 10 μL of a culture solution of Gordonia bacteria cultured in 1 / 2 concentration Miller's LB medium for 24 hours was added to obtain a mixed solution. Next, the resulting mixed solution was stirred at a stirring speed of 121 rpm and a temperature of 30°C for 48 hours to culture the bacteria. This resulted in a bacterial culture solution.

[0195] Next, the test pieces were immersed in the bacterial culture solution for 48 hours, after which their breaking elongation was measured. The measurement results are referred to as "breaking elongation after exposure to microorganisms."

[0196] Next, the "residual elongation rate of the waterproof sheet" was calculated based on the following formula. Residual elongation rate of waterproof sheet (%) = [breaking elongation after exposure to microorganisms] / [breaking elongation before exposure to microorganisms] × 100

[0197] The calculated deterioration degree of the waterproof sheet was evaluated according to the following evaluation criteria. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3.

[0198] A: The degree of deterioration of the waterproof sheet is small (residual elongation rate is 90% or more) B: The degree of deterioration of the waterproof sheet is moderate (residual elongation is between 70% and 90%) C: The waterproof sheet is highly deteriorated (residual elongation is less than 70%)

[0199] 6.4.3. Overall assessment of microbial impacts Based on the results of the evaluation of the degree of deterioration of the insulating sheet and the waterproof sheet separately as described above, the sheet-based waterproof structures of the examples and comparative examples were evaluated for their degree of deterioration in a comprehensive manner as follows.

[0200] First, the degree of deterioration of each sheet was scored based on the following scoring criteria: In a sheet waterproof structure, the insulation sheet is placed closer to the external environment than the waterproof sheet, so the scoring criteria for the overall evaluation are set so that the influence of the degree of deterioration of the insulation sheet is greater than that of the waterproof sheet.

[0201] When the insulation sheet deterioration evaluation result is A, the score is 0 points. When the insulation sheet deterioration evaluation result is B, the score is 2 points. When the insulation sheet deterioration evaluation result is C, the score is 4 points. When the waterproof sheet deterioration evaluation result is A, the score is 0 points. When the deterioration of the waterproof sheet is evaluated as B, the score is 1 point. When the waterproof sheet deterioration evaluation result is C, the score is 2 points. In addition, when the insulating sheet was not present, the score was 4 points.

[0202] The calculated scores were then summed up and evaluated against the following criteria. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3 as the overall evaluation results.

[0203] A: The total deterioration score is 0 to 2 points. B: The total deterioration score is between 3 and 5 points. C: The total deterioration score is 6 or more.

[0204] [Table 1]

[0205] [Table 2]

[0206] [Table 3]

[0207] As shown in Tables 1, 2, and 3, the overall evaluation of the waterproof sheet structure of each example was relatively good. This result was mainly due to the fact that the degree of deterioration of the insulation sheet due to microorganisms was small. In addition, particularly when the insulation sheet structure was multi-layered, good results were also obtained in terms of mechanical strength.

[0208] On the other hand, the sheet-based waterproof structures of the comparative examples received relatively poor overall evaluations. This result was mainly due to the absence of an insulating sheet or the high degree of deterioration of the insulating sheet. [Explanation of symbols]

[0209] 10 Sheet waterproof structure 30 Tarpaulin 40 Insulation sheet 41 1st resin layer 42 Second resin layer 43 Middle Class 50 Flooring 60 Functional Layers 100 skeleton 101 Floor section 102 Wall section 401 Top surface

Claims

1. A sheet waterproofing structure that provides waterproofing to a structure, A waterproof sheet provided on the body side; An insulating sheet provided on the opposite side of the waterproof sheet from the body; Equipped with A sheet waterproof structure, wherein the insulating sheet has a plasticizer content of 0.10 mass % or less.

2. The sheet waterproof structure according to claim 1 , wherein the waterproof sheet contains a plasticizer.

3. The sheet waterproof structure according to claim 2 , wherein the waterproof sheet contains a polyvinyl chloride resin.

4. The plasticizer contained in the waterproof sheet is The molecular weight is 300 or more, The solubility parameter is 8.2 (cal / cm 3 ) 1 / 2 More than 9.8 (cal / cm 3 ) 1 / 2 The sheet waterproof structure according to claim 2 or 3, wherein:

5. The waterproof sheet is provided so as to cover the surface of the body, The sheet waterproof structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the insulating sheet is provided so as to be in contact with the waterproof sheet.

6. The sheet waterproof structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the insulating sheet includes a laminate in which a first resin layer, an intermediate layer, and a second resin layer are laminated in this order from the waterproof sheet side.

7. The sheet waterproof structure according to claim 6 , wherein the intermediate layer has a fiber layer containing fiber.

8. The sheet waterproof structure according to claim 7, wherein the fibers are resin fibers.

9. The sheet waterproof structure according to claim 6 , wherein the first resin layer and the second resin layer contain polyethylene.

10. The sheet waterproof structure according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a functional layer containing an antibacterial agent or an antifungal agent, the functional layer being provided between the waterproof sheet and the insulating sheet.

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