Method and production system

Abstract

To specify a method for processing toothed components which enables improved noise control.SOLUTION: A method is provided which has: a rolling test step of toothed components; and a gearing measurement step of at least a subset of the toothed components; where a measurement requirement and a scope of the gearing measurement are determined on a component-specific basis as in accordance with a result of the rolling test. It is first determined, depending on the result of the rolling test of a component, whether this component is measured by means of a gearing measurement, i.e., the measurement requirement is determined.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method comprising a rolling test of a toothed component and a gear measurement of at least a part of the toothed component. The present invention also relates to a production system.

Background Art

[0002] In modern motor vehicles that are partially or fully powered by an electric motor, when driving with the electric motor, the noise of the transmission is no longer masked by the noise of the combustion engine. Therefore, the noise of the transmission is heard more clearly and is felt unpleasant by vehicle occupants.

[0003] It is known that all manufactured gears are subjected to a rolling test or a noise test on a rolling test bench. If a gear is found to have noise, the gear is measured with a coordinate measuring machine or a gear measuring machine. Furthermore, random samples of gears are measured with a gear measuring machine.

[0004] The time constraint factor in the procedure outlined above is the measurement time of the gear measuring machine, which often operates in a purely tactile manner. Measuring the relevant gear parameters, including important ripple analysis regarding the noise behavior, requires up to 20 minutes using the tactile measurement system of the gear measuring machine, depending on the part shape. It is clear that due to such measurement times, not all parts can be tactilely measured as part of a series production.

[0005] Hybrid gear measuring machines use both an optical measuring device and a tactile measuring device for coordinate measurement. By using the optical measuring device, the measurement time can be shortened compared to a pure tactile measurement system. However, to completely measure all relevant parameters, significantly more measurement time is required than indicated by the cycle of the gear cutting machine. In this specification, the terms "measurement time" and "measurement period" are used synonymously.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0006] Despite the aforementioned problems regarding the measurement period, there is a certain demand for further improvement in the quality control of the noise behavior of gears. This can be achieved, for example, by increasing the measurement range, i.e., the number of parameters measured with the gear, and can also be achieved by including the sample size, i.e., the number of gears measured, up to the measurement of all the gears produced.

[0007] When a tactile gear measurement system is used for gear measurement, the above measures will result in a further significant increase in the measurement time. Even when using a hybrid gear measuring instrument, the goal of measuring all the gears produced cannot be achieved. The measurement time for the parameters "pitch", "profile", "tooth flank (flank)", and "waviness" is about 2 - 3 minutes, including the recording of auxiliary variables such as the axial position and the load on the hybrid gear measuring instrument. However, in the machine cycle, the measurable time may be specified to be less than 60 seconds. That is, although hybrid measurement can significantly shorten the measurement time, it is still far from the machine cycle.

[0008] Under such a background, the present invention is based on the technical problem of identifying a machining method for toothed parts that can improve noise control. Furthermore, a production system is also specified.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0009] The above-mentioned technical problems are solved in each case by the features of the independent claims. Further designs of the present invention are obtained from the dependent claims and the following description.

[0010] According to the present invention, there is provided a method including a rolling test step of a toothed part and a gear measurement step of at least a part of the toothed part. This method is characterized in that the measurement requirements and the range of gear measurement are determined part-specifically according to the results of the rolling test.

[0011] That is, for the part, based on the result of the rolling test of this part, it is first determined whether this part is to be measured by gear measurement, that is, the measurement requirements are determined. Therefore, determining the measurement requirements is a YES / NO decision. In this case, the part is either transferred to gear measurement or not transferred to gear measurement.

[0012] When there is a need for measurement, determining the scope of gear measurement is particularly related to determining the parameters to be measured on the part, such as pitch, concentricity, etc. This is because, as a result of the investigation by the applicant, it has been found that specific dynamic abnormalities or dynamic deviations of the gear measured by the rolling test can be assigned to specific geometric deviations of the gear. Therefore, the term "scope" does not indicate the dimensions in the sense of the geometric perimeter of the part, but rather indicates the specification or compilation of the test characteristics or parameters to be measured for the measurement of this part, that is, the measurement operation.

[0013] If it is found by the rolling test that, for example, the dynamic abnormality of the gear is not the result of the waviness of the tooth surface but the result of the pitch error, then for the part, the time-consuming waviness measurement can be omitted. In other words, the geometric parameters related to the significant dynamic deviation of the gear can be identified based on the result of the rolling test, and the measurement operation can be limited to these geometric parameters based on the part-specific criteria.

[0014] Thereby, for the gears of each part for which measurement is required, only the gear-specific measurement scope is implemented, thus shortening the overall measurement time.

[0015] Therefore, it may be provided that a complete set of measurement parameters is defined for the gears of the parts to be manufactured. This measurement parameter includes the entire set of parameters for gear measurement that cover all geometric deviations related to this gear, such as pitch, concentricity, runout, tooth surface shape, profile shape, angular deviation in the profile and flank directions, tooth thickness deviation, surface waviness or topology deviation, etc.

[0016] It may also be provided that a set of measurement parameters, which is a selection or a part of this complete set of measurement parameters, is selected based on component-specific criteria, and at least one parameter or several parameters of this complete set of measurement parameters are not part of the set of measurement parameters determined based on component-specific criteria. In this way, each component is measured as needed with a measurement period as short as possible, and only the necessary parameters specific to the component are measured.

[0017] In other words, the measurement operation for gear measurement can be optimized based on component-specific criteria using the rolling test results of this component. In particular, the measurement operation for gear measurement can be reduced based on component-specific criteria based on a complete set of measurement parameters.

[0018] The term "complete set of measurement parameters" is only introduced in this specification to facilitate understanding. For example, any gear measuring instrument has a specific range of functions that can be used for each gear to be measured. Therefore, even without a definition of the "complete set of measurement parameters", it is easy to adapt the measurement range to a specific component by selecting for each component from the range of available functions of the gear measuring instrument. As a result, there also arise component-specific measurement ranges, for example, pitch measurement without waviness measurement is carried out for the first component based on the rolling test, while waviness measurement is carried out for the second component based on the rolling test. The definition of a pool of specific parameters may be useful for gear measurement and a component-specific selection may be made therefrom, and thus it may be carried out as a preparatory method step, but it is not essential for the success or implementation of the method.

[0019] It may be provided to carry out a rolling test for each component. In this case, the rolling test is called a 100% test. That is, each component undergoes a rolling test after final finishing (hard finishing).

[0020] According to one design of this method, it is provided that the number of parts on which the rolling test is carried out is greater than the number of parts on which the gear measurement is carried out. Therefore, the gear measurement is not a 100% test. That is, not all parts are subject to gear measurement after finishing.

[0021] Also, for parts whose rolling test results meet the specific required quality of the rolling test, there is no measurement requirement and no gear measurement is carried out, and for parts whose rolling test results do not meet the specific required quality of the rolling test, there is a measurement requirement and gear measurement is carried out, which may be provided.

[0022] According to one design of this method, the deviation determined by the rolling test is provided as a frequency spectrum, and gear test characteristics such as runout error, wobbling, first and / or higher-order pitch error, surface undulation, and flank shape error are assigned to the individual frequencies and / or frequency ranges of the frequency spectrum.

[0023] The frequency number is defined in a known manner, in particular as a multiple of the rotational speed. Frequency analysis is the analysis of the rotational frequency and its multiples, and as a result of such frequency analysis, a frequency spectrum is obtained. In other words, it is in particular the conversion of frequency analysis from the time plane to the rotational plane. The first frequency number corresponds in particular to the rotational frequency during the rolling test, and the second frequency number corresponds to twice the rotational frequency of the rolling test at other times. The frequency spectrum may be related to, for example, the rotational speed or rotational frequency of the toothed part, the rotational speed or rotational frequency of the master gear, the frequency of gear meshing, etc. Therefore, the frequency spectra can be converted into each other without loss of information.

[0024] It may be provided to use the dominant frequency number of the frequency spectrum to determine the part-specific test characteristics measured in the gear measurement or the parameters of the gear to be measured.

[0025] According to one design of this method, conclusions are drawn about the need for correction for specific test characteristics or parameters to be measured, particularly based on the dominant order, and as a result, the presence of specific gear errors can be concluded based on the rolling test, and in particular, the presence of specific geometric gear errors can be concluded.

[0026] For test characteristics or parameters to be measured for which the dominant frequency has not been determined in the rolling test, it may be provided not to perform gear measurement.

[0027] The quality requirements of the rolling test may have absolute or relative limit values for the amplitudes of one or more frequencies in the order spectrum.

[0028] It may be provided that the first range of the order spectrum is an indicator of the first gear deviation, the second range of the order spectrum is an indicator of a second gear deviation different from the first gear deviation, the order related to the first range is smaller than the order related to the second range, an abnormality in the order of the first range triggers the measurement requirement for the first gear deviation, and an abnormality in the order of the second range triggers the measurement requirement for the second gear deviation.

[0029] According to one design of this method, the first range of the order spectrum is an indicator of the pitch error, the second range of the order spectrum is an indicator of the waviness deviation, the order related to the first range is smaller than the order related to the second range, an abnormality in the order of the first range triggers the measurement requirement for pitch measurement, and an abnormality in the order of the second range triggers the measurement requirement for waviness.

[0030] The single order of the order spectrum is an indicator of the gear deviation assigned to this single order, and it may be provided that a further single order of the order spectrum is an indicator of the second gear deviation assigned to this further single order, different from the first gear deviation. Here, the single order is different from the further single order, and the abnormality of the single order triggers the measurement requirement of the gear deviation assigned to this order, and the abnormality of the further single order triggers the measurement requirement of the further gear deviation assigned to this further single order.

[0031] According to one design of this method, it is provided that the correction of the final finishing process is determined based on the results of the running test and / or the results of the gear measurement. As is well known, this is a so-called method, for example, correction values such as the shaft position or the feed rate of the final finishing process are determined based on the measured gear deviation in order to compensate for the measured deviation.

[0032] For each gear, after the gear measurement, it may be provided that an end-of-line test is carried out using an end-of-line test bench. The end-of-line test bench is particularly a gear test bench, or the end-of-line test of the gear is carried out using an end-of-line test bench without prior gear measurement after the running test for each gear. Each gear may be supplied to the end-of-line test bench and tested on the end-of-line test bench. In this way, the end-of-line test bench can be called a 100% test.

[0033] The running test is not an end-of-line test, but a separate method step independent of the end-of-line test, and is carried out on a separate running test bench independent of the end-of-line test bench.

[0034] The rolling test is different from the end-of-line test in that, for example, the test gear is not mounted on the gearbox housing during the rolling test. In contrast, the test gear is mounted on the gearbox housing for testing during the end-of-line test, in its fully assembled state, in particular together with the corresponding mating gear that is attached together with the test gear in the fully assembled state. As a result, a further difference arises between the end-of-line test and the rolling test, since during the rolling test the test gear rolls with the master gear and not with the actual gears mounted in the fully assembled state.

[0035] The toothed part may be provided to be finally finished before the rolling test, and the final finishing is carried out using a gear cutting machine.

[0036] The final finishing may be a method of machining with a geometrically undefined cutting edge.

[0037] The final finishing may be a polishing process. The final finishing may be a single-pass or continuous-pass grinding process. The final finishing may be a generating grinding process or a generating profile grinding process. The grinding tool for grinding may be a grinding worm or a grinding wheel. The grinding tool for grinding may be a dressable grinding tool or a non-dressable grinding tool. Preferably, the final finishing may be a continuous generating grinding with a dressable grinding worm.

[0038] The final finishing may be gear honing.

[0039] The final finishing may be gear lapping.

[0040] The final finishing may have one or more processing steps selected from "grinding", "honing", or "lapping".

[0041] The gear cutting machine may be a gear grinding machine. The gear grinding machine may have a dressing device equipped with a dresser for dressing a dressable grinding tool.

[0042] The gear cutting machine can be a gear lapping machine.

[0043] The gear cutting machine can be a gear honing machine.

[0044] According to one design of the present method, the rolling test is carried out using a test bench for the rolling test.

[0045] The result of the rolling test can show the analysis of the rotational error.

[0046] The rolling test can be a rolling test of a single tooth flank. The test bench for the rolling test can be a test bench for the rolling test of a single tooth flank.

[0047] The rolling test of a single tooth flank is characterized in that the test gear and the master gear of the test bench that rotates together with the test gear have a constant center distance from each other. During the test, the master gear and the test gear are in a state where a single tooth flank is in contact with each other. It may be provided that the test gear is rotationally driven by a motor. In order to set the test torque and the test speed, or in order to set the test torque curve and the speed curve, the master gear is appropriately braked by another motor, in particular. The torsional acceleration sensor and the incremental angle measurement system can be arranged on the drive shaft of the test gear. The geometric deviation of the test gear generates measurable errors in rotational transmission and rotational acceleration. A vibration sensor can also be used.

[0048] The results of the rolling test of a single tooth flank can be specified as, for example, contact, rolling deviation, contact error, tooth-to-tooth amplitude, maximum rolling deviation, transmission error, and dynamic backlash, noise behavior, surface error.

[0049] The rolling test can be a double flank rolling test. The test bench for the rolling test can be a test bench for the double flank rolling test. The double flank rolling test is characterized in that the test gear and the master gear of the test bench that rolls together with the test gear have a variable center distance from each other. During the test, the master gear and the test gear are in a state where two tooth flanks are in contact. For example, a force is applied to press the master gear attached to an axially movable shaft against the test gear with two tooth flanks in contact with a defined force. The geometric deviation of the test gear generates a measurable axial displacement of the master gear shaft held by the test slide. A displacement transducer, a rotary encoder, an accelerometer, and a vibration sensor can be used for the measurement.

[0050] The results of the double flank rolling test can be specified, for example, by the center distance, runout, rolling jump, rolling deviation, two ball dimensions, noise behavior, etc.

[0051] According to one design of this method, gear measurement is carried out by a coordinate measuring machine. The coordinate measuring machine can be a gear measuring instrument.

[0052] The rolling method by rotational error analysis, that is, especially the single flank rolling test and the double flank rolling test, are at the level of the art and are well known. The core of the present invention is not the rolling test, that is, the single flank rolling test or the double flank rolling test, but to use the results of such rolling tests, especially the single flank rolling test or the double flank rolling test, to determine the measurement requirements and measurement range in the gear measurement of specific parts. Therefore, the present invention relates especially to the measurement of rolling test control, and the term "rolling test control" relates to the recognition of measurement requirements and measurement range, and the measurement process itself is not controlled by the rolling test. Therefore, since the results of the rolling test trigger the part-specific measurement in a series of processes, or the measurement requirements and measurement range of the part-specific gear measurement are determined based on the results of the rolling test, it is also possible to call the gear measurement triggered by the rolling test.

[0053] The gear measuring machine can have a rotary table for holding the gear to be measured and rotating it around the rotation axis of the gear.

[0054] The gear measuring instrument can have a tactile measuring device. The tactile measuring device can have a measuring probe with a contact ball set to contact the gear to be measured. The tactile measuring device can have a plurality of replaceable measuring probes, and each measuring probe has a sensing ball with a different diameter. The tactile measuring device can operate according to a measuring principle or a switching principle.

[0055] The gear measuring instrument can have an optical measuring device. The optical measuring device can be an optical distance sensor such as a confocal chromatic sensor, a laser distance measurement system, etc.

[0056] The present invention also relates to a production system having a rolling test bench for rolling test of toothed parts, a gear measuring instrument for measuring toothed parts, and a control device, wherein the control device is set to control the production system to implement the method according to the present invention.

[0057] The production system can have a gear cutting machine for the final finishing of toothed parts.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0058] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings showing exemplary embodiments, and the drawings are schematically shown in each case.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

Figure 11

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0059] Figure 1 shows a flowchart of the method according to the present invention. The sequence according to Figure 1 is repeated for a series of productions according to the present invention for each toothed part to be processed, and is schematically described below with examples of toothed parts.

[0060] According to the present invention, the final finishing of the toothed part is first carried out in method step (A).

[0061] The toothed part supplied to method step (A) has been pre-toothed and hardened before final finishing.

[0062] The pre-toothing can be carried out, for example, by milling, especially hobbing. According to an alternative exemplary embodiment, it is understood that other processes can also be used for pre-toothing, in particular processes for cutting with geometrically defined cutting edges such as gear skiving.

[0063] In method step (B), the toothed part is subjected to a rolling test after final finishing. Depending on the result of the rolling test, the measurement requirements and ranges of the toothed part are determined based on part-specific criteria.

[0064] If it is shown that a rolling test by method step (B) requires measurement, in method step (C), gear measurement is performed on the toothed part corresponding to the circumference determined during the rolling test.

[0065] After gear measurement, the toothed part undergoes an end-of-line test according to method step (D).

[0066] If it is shown that measurement is not required in method step (B), gear measurement of the toothed part is not performed, but the toothed part is directly supplied to the end-of-line test according to method step (D) after the rolling test. According to an alternative exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the end-of-line test may be omitted.

[0067] The flowchart of FIG. 1 shows that a rolling test is performed for each toothed part. Further, an end-of-line test is performed for each toothed part. However, not all gear parts are subjected to gear measurement.

[0068] As already stated in the introductory part of this specification, gear measurement is the most time-consuming method step among the described method steps. For this reason, first, the result of the rolling test is used to determine whether gear measurement must be performed on the toothed part, and if gear measurement is to be performed, to what extent gear measurement must be performed, that is, what test characteristics or parameters to be measured should actually be recorded for the toothed part by gear measurement.

[0069] In a series of production providing the sequence according to FIG. 1 for each toothed part, therefore, it is particularly provided that the number of toothed parts for which the rolling test is performed is greater than the number of toothed parts for which gear measurement is performed.

[0070] Figure 2 shows a schematic example of the results of the rolling test according to method step (B). The measured rotational error is plotted in units of μrad above the order. The order is defined in a known way as a multiple of the rotational speed. Order analysis refers to the analysis of the rotational frequency and its multiples. In other words, in particular, it is the conversion of frequency analysis from the time plane to the rotational plane. The first order corresponds to the rotational frequency during the rolling test, and the second order corresponds to twice the rotational frequency during the rolling test. Thus, the deviation determined by the rolling test is provided as an order spectrum having an order corresponding to a multiple of the rotational frequency during the rolling test. The individual orders or order ranges of the order spectrum can assign the test characteristics or geometric deviations of the gears of the toothed parts.

[0071] The abnormality of the rolling test occurring in order range I is caused by, for example, the pitch error of the gears of the toothed parts. Order range I extends, for example, from the first order to about 160 orders.

[0072] The abnormality of the rolling test occurring in order range II is caused by, for example, the deviation of the profile or tooth surface of the gears of the toothed parts. Order range II extends, for example, from 160 orders to 430 orders.

[0073] The abnormality of the rolling test occurring in order range III is caused by, for example, the waviness on the tooth surface of the gears of the toothed parts. Order range III extends, for example, from 290 orders to 500 orders.

[0074] The values shown for the ranges of the order ranges should be understood as mere examples for explaining the procedure according to the present invention.

[0075] To show the first example of the evaluation of the part-specific order spectrum, assume that for the first part, the abnormal or dominant order occurs exclusively in order range I, while for this first part, the order amplitudes in order ranges II and III are completely insignificant. From this, for example, in this first part, it can be inferred that since the dominant order determined during the rolling test clearly indicates the pitch error and there is no problem with the deviation in the waviness range, time-consuming measurements of the tooth surface waviness are not necessary.

[0076] Therefore, since the dominant order in order range I indicating the pitch error is detected, there is a need for measurement for this first toothed part. Therefore, according to the method of step (C), the relevant gear of the first part must be measured. However, for example, since no abnormality is expected based on the results of the rolling test regarding the tooth surface waviness, the measurement range of this first part can be limited to, for example, pitch measurement.

[0077] However, as a second example, when analyzing the order spectrum of the second toothed part, dominant orders may occur in both order range I and order range III, indicating a deviation related to the pitch and suggesting a critical value on the tooth surface. Therefore, for this second part as well, it can be determined based on the order analysis that there is a need for measurement, that is, gear measurement must be performed for this second toothed part. In this case, for the second part, in addition to the pitch measurement, the tooth surface waviness must also be measured, so the measurement range is wider than that of the first part described above.

[0078] When the need for measurement is confirmed, the measurement range can thus be defined based on part-specific criteria by using the analysis of the order spectrum to determine which geometric deviations of the gear of the part are the cause of the dominant order according to the analysis of the order spectrum.

[0079] In addition to the order ranges I, II, and III described above, individual orders can also be assigned to specific test characteristics or specific geometric deviations of the related gears.

[0080] For example, the first order of the order spectrum from the rolling test explains the runout error of the gear, and the associated rotational error of the first order is denoted as IV in this specification. The second order of the order spectrum from the rolling test corresponds to the vibration of the gear, and the associated rotational error of the second order is denoted as V in this specification.

[0081] The order range denoted as VI extends from the third order to the first tooth engagement order of the rolling test, and the dominant order within this order range indicates the pitch error that occurs periodically.

[0082] The order range denoted as VII is assigned to the orders of the rolling test that cannot be assigned to the meshing frequency or its harmonics or harmonic sidebands, and these orders can also be collectively referred to as ghost orders.

[0083] The individual tooth engagement orders according to the first, second, third, and fourth meshing sequences are denoted as VIII.

[0084] IX refers to the range that affects the sidebands of the harmonic meshing frequency modulated by the periodic pitch deviation.

[0085] The tooth engagement orders of the fifth tooth and above are denoted as X and are usually caused by the undulation of the surface of the wavefront.

[0086] Therefore, it is clear that some information regarding the geometric deviation of the gear of the toothed component can already be derived from the analysis of the order spectrum of the rolling test. According to the present invention, the measurement requirements for rolling test control are now determined based on this information, that is, the measurement of the time-consuming gear geometry is limited to the actually necessary measurements.

[0087] Furthermore, this also means that if no abnormalities requiring gear measurement are found in the relevant gears of the toothed component during the rolling test, the gear measurement will not be performed.

[0088] The analysis of the order spectrum of the rolling test can be carried out based on predefined quality requirements or quality characteristics. For example, the absolute or relative limit values for the amplitude of the rotational error can be specified for the order range or for individual orders. Exceeding the relevant limit values triggers the measurement requirements for the assigned test characteristics accordingly.

[0089] Specifically, for example, it is provided that the rotational error of the first order in the rolling test may be at most 20 μrad, or at most 40 μrad, or at most 60 μrad. As in the example shown in FIG. 2, if this value is exceeded, it is necessary to measure pitch and concentricity.

[0090] Regarding the rotational error of the second order, i.e., the wobble, such limit values of acceptable rotational error can be lowered. For example, it may be provided that the rotational error of the second order may be at most 10 μrad or 20 μrad. As a result, in the example shown in FIG. 2, since the rotational error of the second order here is about 55 μrad, there is a measurement requirement.

[0091] Thus, the limit values for acceptable rotational error can be defined for various order ranges or for various individual orders. Exceeding the limit values triggers the measurement requirements for one or more test characteristics of the gear assigned to each order range or each order.

[0092] Such limit values can also be defined relatively, for example, by forming a ratio of rotational errors of different orders, or by normalizing the rotational error for a specific order and comparing it with the limit values defined for the normalized rotational error.

[0093] Orders exceeding the specified limit values can also be referred to as the dominant orders of the order spectrum. Alternatively, if the analysis of the order spectrum of the rolling test shows that it exceeds the specified limit values, it can be said that a specific order or order range exhibits anomalies or stands out.

[0094] The final finishing correction can be determined based on the results of the rolling test and / or the results of gear measurement. These corrections can include, for example, a corrected axial movement, or a correction value for the axial movement for final finishing, or corrections for specific production parameters such as cutting depth, feed rate, etc.

[0095] Figure 3 shows a gear measuring instrument 100 for measuring gears. The component BT is shown below with some being helical gears and some being spur gears. The component BT is only an alternative for all kinds of toothed components. It is understood that the method according to the present invention can be used regardless of the tooth shape or the specific design of the toothed component.

[0096] The gear measuring instrument 100 is a coordinate measuring machine having a rotary table 102 for holding and rotating the component BT about the rotation axis C. The gear measuring instrument 100 has an optical measuring device 104 for optical gear measurement and a tactile measuring device 108 having a measuring probe 110 for tactile gear measurement. Therefore, since the gear measuring instrument 100 enables both tactile measurement and optical measurement, it can be called a hybrid coordinate measuring machine.

[0097] When the measurement requirements are determined according to the rolling test, the corresponding gear measurement is performed with the gear measuring instrument 100 shown as an example in Figure 3.

[0098] Figure 4 schematically shows an example of measuring the pitch P of the toothed component BT. Here, the tooth surface F of the component BT is measured by the optical measuring device 104 or the tactile measuring device 108. The pitch P is measured particularly at the height (level) of the pitch circle T of the toothed component BT.

[0099] FIG. 5 shows a schematic example of a component BT designed as a helical gear. To detect undulations, a measurement grid G is defined along width B and height H to detect the entire tooth surface F. The thus-defined measurement grid G is scanned by tactile measurement or optical measurement to detect measurement points corresponding to the measurement grid on the tooth surface. Such measurement results of undulations are schematically shown as an example on the right side of FIG. 5, where the deviations are plotted over the height and width of the tooth surface.

[0100] FIG. 6 shows a schematic example of a gear cutting machine 200 for gear grinding. The gear cutting machine 200 has a workpiece spindle for holding a workpiece BT to be processed and a tool spindle 204 for holding a grinding tool. The grinding tool 206 is designed as a dressable grinding worm in this embodiment. As is well known, the gear cutting machine 200 has controlled machine axes to perform relative movements for the grinding of toothed components BT. The corresponding degrees of freedom of movement or machine axes are designated as X, Y, Z, A, B, and C in this embodiment, and the axes C2 and B2 are assigned to a dressing device 208 for dressing the grinding tool 206. The axis Z1 is used to clamp shaft-like components.

[0101] FIG. 7 shows a schematic example of a dressable grinding worm 206 during the grinding of a toothed component BT.

[0102] FIG. 8 shows a schematic example of a test bench 300 for a gear rolling test of a single tooth surface. The test bench 300 has a master gear 302 that is in meshing engagement with a toothed component BT to be tested for rolling. The center distance a1 between the shaft 303 carrying the master gear 302 and the shaft 308 carrying the toothed component BT is constant in this embodiment. Furthermore, devices or gear testers suitable for both single-tooth-surface gear tests and double-tooth-surface gear tests are known, such as the gear tester of the applicant sold under the name, for example, R300. Such testers are suitable for, for example, single-tooth-surface rolling tests, structure-borne noise, and torsional acceleration tests, and double-tooth-surface rolling tests.

[0103] The torque and speed for testing the toothed component BT are set via the drive units 310 and 306. The measured values are recorded by sensors 304, 312, 314, and 316, which can be angle sensors, rotational acceleration sensors, vibration or noise sensors.

[0104] FIG. 9 shows a schematic example of a test rig 400 for a double flank rolling test. A master gear 410 is accommodated on a shaft 416, which is held in a loadable carriage 404 displaceable relative to a support structure 402. The master gear is elastically preloaded in the direction of the toothed component BT in order to produce a defined contact in two flank contacts between the master gear 410 and the toothed component BT. The center distance a2 between the shaft 416 and the shaft 412 on which the toothed component BT is held is variable in the present embodiment. A drive unit 414 for rotationally driving the shaft 412 is assigned to the shaft 412. Furthermore, sensors 406, 408 for measuring changes in the center distance a2 are provided. The reference numeral 28 denotes a further sensor 28 which can perform angle measurement and / or rotational acceleration measurement and / or vibration measurement.

[0105] FIG. 10 shows a schematic example of an end-of-line test rig 500, in which the toothed component BT is attached to a gearbox housing 502, and bearings 508, 510 corresponding to the attached state are provided on both the toothed component BT and a corresponding mating gear 512. Drive units 504 and 506 are provided in order to set the desired speed and torque for testing the toothed component BT. It may be provided that the gearbox housing and the toothed component 512 or the mating gear 512 are part of the gear actually incorporated. Alternatively, the housing 512 may merely be a housing structurally identical to the housing in which the associated toothed component BT is accommodated in a fully assembled state. This also applies analogously to the associated mating gear 512. The end-of-line test rig 500 may also be referred to as a gear test rig.

[0106] FIG. 11 shows a schematic example of a production system 600 having a gear cutting machine 200 for the final finishing of the toothed part BT, a rolling test stand 300 or 400 for the rolling test of the toothed part BT, a gear measuring instrument 100 for measuring the toothed part BT, and an end-of-line test stand 500. The production system 600 also has a control device 602, which is set to control the production system 600 in order to implement the method according to the present invention described above.

[0107] Therefore, the control device 602 is used to automatically determine whether there is a measurement requirement after the rolling test of the toothed part. If there is a measurement requirement, the toothed part BT is supplied to the gear measuring instrument 100, where it is measured up to a defined range specific to the part. Or, if there is no measurement requirement, the toothed part BT can be directly supplied to the end-of-line test stand 500 after the rolling test.

[0108] The results of the gear measurement using the gear measuring instrument 100 can be used to derive correction values for the gear grinding machine 200. Similarly, the correction of the gear grinding machine can also be determined based on the results of the rolling test.

Claims

1. Method steps for rolling tests of toothed components; a method step of gear measurement of at least a portion of said toothed component; having A method in which the measurement requirements and ranges of gear metrology are determined on a part-specific basis based on the results of rolling tests.

2. A rolling test is carried out on each toothed component, The method of claim 1.

3. the number of the toothed components on which the rolling tests are performed is greater than the number of the toothed components on which the gear measurements are performed; The method according to claim 1 or 2.

4. For toothed components whose results of the rolling test meet the specified quality requirements of the rolling test, there is no need for measurement, and no measurement of the gears is carried out; For toothed components whose results of the rolling test do not meet the specified quality requirements of the rolling test, there is a need for measurement and gear measurements are carried out; The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. the deviations determined by the rolling test are provided as an order spectrum, individual orders and / or order ranges of the order spectrum being assigned to test features of the gear, such as runout error, wobble, first order and / or higher order pitch errors, surface waviness, tooth flank form errors, etc. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. a test characteristic of the gear to be measured in the gear metrology is determined part-specifically based on a dominant order of the order spectrum; The method according to claim 5.

7. For test characteristics for which the dominant order was not determined in the rolling test, no gear measurements are performed. The method according to claim 6.

8. The quality requirements for the rolling test have absolute or relative limits for one or more amplitudes of the order spectrum; The method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, dependent on claim 4.

9. a first range of the order spectrum being indicative of a first gear deviation and a second range of the order spectrum being indicative of a second gear deviation different from the first gear deviation, the orders associated with the first range being smaller than the orders associated with the second range, anomalies in the orders of the first range triggering a request for measurement of the first gear deviation and anomalies in the orders of the second range triggering a request for measurement of the second gear deviation, in particular a first range of the order spectrum is indicative of a pitch error and a second range of the order spectrum is indicative of a waviness deviation, the orders associated with the first range being smaller than the orders associated with the second range, anomalies in the orders in the first range triggering a measurement request for a pitch measurement and anomalies in the orders in the second range triggering a measurement request for a waviness measurement; and / or a single order of the order spectrum being an indication of a gear deviation assigned to said single order, a further single order of the order spectrum being an indication of a second gear deviation different from the first gear deviation and assigned to said further single order, said single order being different from said further single order, an anomaly of said single order triggering a request for measurement of the gear deviation assigned to said order, an anomaly of said further single order triggering a request for measurement of a further gear deviation assigned to said further single order, The method according to any one of claims 5 to 8.

10. Corrections for the final finishing process are determined based on the results of the rolling test and / or the results of the gear measurements. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. an end-of-line test is carried out on each toothed part after the gear measurement by means of an end-of-line test stand, said end-of-line test stand being in particular a gear test stand, or said end-of-line test of the gears is carried out on each toothed part after the rolling test by means of said end-of-line test stand without a preceding gear measurement, The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. The rolling test is performed by the rolling test stand; The gear is measured using a coordinate measuring machine. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. the toothed component is subjected to a final finish prior to the rolling test, the final finishing being carried out using a gear cutting machine; The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. 1. A production system comprising: a rolling test stand for testing toothed parts; A gear measuring instrument for measuring toothed components is provided, A production system comprising a control device, the control device being configured to control the production system for carrying out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

15. Characterized by gear cutting machines for the final finishing of toothed components, The production system according to claim 14.

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