Management system

Abstract

To provide a management system capable of managing a game token possessed by a player.SOLUTION: A management system for game tokens includes: a player specifying device that is installed in a predetermined place of a casino facility and specifies that a player is present in the predetermined place by specifying the player; a database that stores possessor information of game tokens; and a management device that determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the possessor information by referring to the database; wherein the management device determines whether or not there is an abnormality in a combination of the predetermined place where the player specified by the player specifying device is present and the possessor information stored in the database.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a management system for gaming tokens in a casino facility.

Background Art

[0002] In a facility (typically a casino) that provides games using gaming tables, players are registered as members and issued membership cards. Member information (typically, a member ID) for identifying the registered member is stored in the membership card. When a player who is a member plays a game at a gaming table, the player passes the membership card to an operator (typically, a dealer of the gaming table or a pit manager who manages a plurality of gaming tables including the said gaming table). The operator reads the membership card with a card scanner. A management device connected to the card scanner identifies the member and stores in a storage means, in association with the member information, the play status of the member (for example, the number of plays, win / loss results, bet amount, balance, incentive points, etc.).

[0003] Motivated by the benefits obtained from incentive points, members proactively provide their membership cards to the operator before playing. Game providers can utilize information on the play status of members for marketing instead of giving benefits to members, and also enjoy the advantage of being able to utilize it for detecting fraud.

Disclosure of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] In a casino facility, it is desirable to appropriately manage the gaming tokens held by players.

[0005] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a management system capable of managing the gaming tokens held by players.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] The management system according to one aspect of the present invention determines an abnormality in the holder information by referring to a database storing the holder information. This management system is a management system for gaming substitute currency, and has a configuration including a database storing the holder information of the gaming substitute currency, and a management device that refers to the database and determines whether there is an abnormality in the holder information.

[0007] The above management system may determine an abnormality in the combination of the player's location and the holder information. That is, the above management system may be installed at a predetermined location in the casino facility, and may further include a player identification device that identifies the player and thereby identifies that the player is at the predetermined location. The management device may determine whether there is an abnormality in the combination of the predetermined location where the player identified by the player identification device is located and the holder information stored in the database.

[0008] The above management system may determine whether it complies with the rules for taking out and / or bringing in at the gate. That is, in the above management system, the player identification device may be installed at the gate of the casino facility and may identify that the player is at the gate as the location. The management device may determine whether there is an abnormality in accordance with the rules for taking out and / or bringing in the gaming substitute currency in the casino facility.

[0009] The above management system may be used when taking out is prohibited. That is, in the above management system, the management device may determine that there is an abnormality when the player identified as being at the gate is stored as the holder of the gaming substitute currency in the database.

[0010] The above management system may be used when a withdrawal limit amount is set. That is, in the above management system, the database may further store information on the amount of the substitute game currency, and the management device may refer to the database to identify the amount of the substitute game currency held by the player identified by the player identification device, and determine the abnormality according to the identified amount.

[0011] The above management system may determine an abnormality by comparing the declared amount with the amount in the database. That is, in the above management system, the management device may compare the amount of the substitute game currency declared by the player identified by the player identification device with the amount identified by referring to the database, and determine the abnormality based on the comparison result.

[0012] The above management system may determine that there is an abnormality when the holder in the database is different from the actual holder. That is, in the above management system, the substitute game currency may have readable identification information, the database may store the holder information of the substitute game currency in association with the identification information, the management system may further include a player identification device for identifying a player, and a reading device for reading the identification information of the substitute game currency held by the player identified by the player identification device, and the management device may determine that there is the abnormality when the player identified by the player identification device and the identification information read by the reading device are not associated in the database.

[0013] The above management system may determine an abnormality based on the holding time. That is, in the above management system, the database may store, as the information of the holder, holding time information indicating the time when the holder acquired the substitute game currency or the holding time, and the management device may determine the presence or absence of an abnormality in the holding time information.

[0014] The above management system may determine that there is an abnormality when the holding time is too long. That is, in the above management system, the management device may determine that there is the abnormality when the consecutive holding times of the same holder obtained from the holding time information exceed a predetermined threshold value.

[0015] The above management system may determine an abnormality in the history of the holder. That is, in the above management system, the database may store the history of the holder as the information of the holder, and the management device may determine an abnormality in the history of the holder.

[0016] The above management system may determine that there is an abnormality when the number of tokens held by the same holder is too large. That is, in the above management system, the management device may determine that there is the abnormality when the number of the game substitute coins held by the same holder is equal to or more than a predetermined threshold value.

[0017] The management system according to one aspect of the present invention is a management system in a facility that provides a game using a gaming table having a play position, and includes a members card having a card RFID tag storing member information, and a card RFID reader provided at the play position of the gaming table and configured to read the member information from the card RFID tag.

[0018] With this configuration, since the member information stored in the members card is read at the play position, the member does not need to hand the members card to the dealer, and the dealer also does not need to operate on the members card, and the management system can grasp which member has arrived at which play position.

[0019] The above management system may further include a chip determination device that determines chip identification information of the payout chips paid out to the play position, a storage medium that stores the member information in association with the chip identification information of the chips owned by the member corresponding to the member information, and a control device that stores the member information read at the play position and the chip identification information of the payout chips determined at the play position in the storage medium in association with each other.

[0020] With this configuration, it is possible to store which member the payout chip has been paid out to, so it is possible to grasp which player holds which chip.

[0021] The above management system may further include a chip determination device that determines the value of the payout chips paid out to the play position, a storage medium that stores the member information in association with the value of the chips owned by the member corresponding to the member information, and a control device that stores the member information read at the play position and the value of the payout chips determined at the play position in the storage medium in association with each other.

[0022] With this configuration, it is possible to store which member has been paid out payout chips of what value, so it is possible to grasp the value of the chips held by the member.

[0023] The above management system may further include a storage medium that stores the member information in association with the bet amount corresponding to the member information, a chip determination device that determines the chip identification information of the bet chips bet at the play position, a database that stores the correspondence between the chip identification information and the value of the bet chips, and a control device that refers to the database, determines the value corresponding to the chip identification information determined at the play position, and updates the bet amount associated with the member information stored in the storage medium for the member information read at the play position based on the value.

[0024] With this configuration, it is possible to remember how much each member bet. This bet amount can be used, for example, as incentive points for the member.

[0025] The above management system may further include a storage medium for storing the member information in association with the bet amount corresponding to the member information, a chip determination device for determining the value of the bet chip bet on the play position, and a control device for updating the bet amount associated with the member information stored in the storage medium for the member information read at the play position based on the value of the bet chip determined at the play position.

[0026] With this configuration as well, it is possible to remember how much each member bet. This bet amount can be used, for example, as incentive points for the member.

[0027] The above management system may further include a chip determination device for determining the chip identification information of reserve chips not bet on at the play position, a storage medium for storing the member information in association with the chip identification information of the chips owned by the member corresponding to the member information, and a control device for storing in the storage medium the member information read at the play position in association with the chip identification information of the reserve chips determined at the play position.

[0028] With this configuration, even if the member is not stored or not definitely stored as the owner of the reserve chips held by the member, by placing such reserve chips at the play position, the member information of the member can be associated as the owner of the chip. Also, in the case of a discrepancy in the owner, it can be discovered, and by recording such a discrepancy, it is also possible to discover fraud.

[0029] The above management system may further include a chip determination device that determines the value of reserve chips not bet at the play position, a storage medium that stores the member information in association with the value of the chips owned by the member corresponding to the member information, and a control device that stores the member information read at the play position in association with the value of the reserve chips determined at the play position in the storage medium.

[0030] Even in a case where the member is not stored or not definitely stored as the owner of the reserve chips held by the member, by placing such reserve chips at the play position, the member information of the member can be associated as the owner of the chips. Also, in the case of a discrepancy in the owner, it can be discovered, and by recording such a discrepancy, it becomes possible to detect fraud.

[0031] In the above management system, the chip identification information of the chip may be stored in a chip RFID tag built into the chip, and the chip determination device and the card RFID reader may be the same device, and the device may read the chip RFID tag and the card RFID tag.

[0032] With this configuration, the members card can be read using a device for reading bet chips.

[0033] In the above management system, the value of the chip may be stored in a chip RFID tag built into the chip, and the chip determination device and the card RFID reader may be the same device, and the device may read the chip RFID tag and the card RFID tag.

[0034] Even with this configuration, the members card can be read using a device for reading bet chips.

[0035] In the above management system, when one of the card RFID readers reads a plurality of the member information from a plurality of the membership cards simultaneously, the control device may store the read plurality of the member information and the chip identification information in association with each other in the storage medium.

[0036] With this configuration, when there are a plurality of member information to be associated with the chip identification information, it can be associated with the chip identification information.

[0037] In the above management system, the storage medium may be provided in the chip, may be provided in the membership card, or may be provided in a database capable of communicating with the card RFID reader and the chip determination means.

[0038] In the above management system, the play position may be provided with the card RFID reader for a sitting player and the card RFID reader for a backbet player.

[0039] With this configuration, member information about a backbet player can also be grasped.

[0040] In the above management system, the membership card may include a regular membership card in which member information unique to a registered member is stored in the card RFID tag, and an irregular membership card in which temporary member information is stored in the card RFID tag.

[0041] With this configuration, even an unregistered player who has not registered as a member can be managed using the membership card.

[0042] In the above management system, a plurality of the irregular membership cards may store different temporary member information in the card RFID tag.

[0043] With this configuration, even for unregistered players, the chips they possess can be managed.

[0044] In the above management system, the gaming table may have a plurality of the play positions, and the card RFID reader may be provided at each of the plurality of play positions.

[0045] With this configuration, even if there are a plurality of play positions on the gaming table, members can be identified for each play position.

Advantages of the Invention

[0046] According to the present invention, since the member information stored in the members card is read at the play position, the player does not need to hand the members card to the dealer, and the dealer does not need to operate on the members card either. The management system can grasp which player has arrived at which play position.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0047]

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[0048] (First Embodiment) The overall outline of the table game management system according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the overall outline of the system. On the gaming table 1004 for baccarat games, there are bet areas for the player 1441, banker 1442, tie 1443, player pair 1444, and banker pair 1445 for each player position 1131 to 1135. In addition, a chip placement area 1025 is provided for each player position, and a chip reading device 1002 for reading the RFID of the gaming tokens 1001 placed in the chip placement area is provided.

[0049] Furthermore, in each chip placement area 1025, there is a pay area 1026 for the dealer to place the gaming tokens 1001 taken out from the chip tray 1009 when paying out the gaming tokens 1001 to the winning player from the chip tray 1009 of the gaming table 1004.

[0050] Furthermore, a control device 1003 for grasping the RFID reading result of the gaming tokens 1001 read by the chip reading device 1002 is further provided.

[0051] A player who starts to participate in the game bets 1001 substitute gaming tokens in the bet area within the chip placement area. When the chip reader 1002 reads the RFID of the bet substitute gaming tokens 1001, the control device 1003 grasps the ID information of the RFID and the information regarding the holder of the substitute gaming tokens 1001 associated with it on the database.

[0052] Based on the result of the game, if the casino wins, the dealer collects the substitute gaming tokens 1001 bet by the losing player and puts them into the chip tray 1009. The RFID of the substitute gaming tokens 1001 in the chip tray 1009 is grasped by the chip reader 1002, and the control device 1003 records on the database that the holder of the substitute gaming tokens 1001 collected by the casino is the casino.

[0053] Based on the result of the game, for the winning player, the dealer pays out from the chip tray to the winning player an amount of substitute gaming tokens 1001 corresponding to the amount of the bet chips according to the rules of the game.

[0054] When paying out, the payout chips may be placed in the above-mentioned pay area 1026, or may also be placed within the chip placement area outside the pay area.

[0055] Here, the method of recording the holder information of the payout chips will be described with reference to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 shows the method of recording the information regarding the holder of the substitute gaming tokens 1001 when paying out chips to the winning player.

[0056] If multiple players place betting chips within the same player position and there are two or more stacks, since the chip reading device 1002 reads all the gaming tokens 1001 placed within the chip placement area 1025 at once, during the game, without knowing which gaming token 1001 belongs to which player, it acquires the ID 1010 of the wagered gaming tokens. After the winning or losing result of the game is determined, when making a payment to the winning player, the dealer makes a payout from the chip tray 1009 for each player (each stack). The gaming tokens 1001 taken out from the chip tray 1009 are placed within the chip placement area 1025. The chip reading device 1002 reads the ID 1011 of the payout chips placed within the chip placement area 1025.

[0057] The paid-out gaming tokens 1001 are received by the winning player together with the initially wagered gaming tokens 1001. At this time, since the betting chips and the payout chips move outside the chip placement area 1025, the IDs of the betting chips and the payout chips disappear from the reading result by the chip reading device 1002. Thereby, the control device 1003 grasps which player the paid-out payout chips were paid out to by associating it with the information regarding the holder of the betting chips.

[0058] The control device 1003 stores the grasped information regarding the holder of the payout chips in association with the ID of the gaming token on the database.

[0059] As described above, traceability of the holders of the gaming tokens 1001 becomes possible, and if there is an illegal transfer etc. of the gaming tokens 1001, it becomes possible to discover that the holder information stored in the database is different from the actual holder.

[0060] Note that it can be grasped that for the determination of the actual holder, face recognition technology or IDs such as membership cards are used.

[0061] In the above description, the IDs of the substitute game currencies are managed on the database, but the substitute game currency 1001 itself may have a configuration in which the holder information is stored.

[0062] In addition, the above-described pay area 1026 may be configured such that, in addition to being provided for each player position, the area is configured independently of each player position, and the reading by the chip reader 1002 is also performed independently.

[0063] Furthermore, a configuration may be adopted in which it is possible to select whether to use the pay area 1026 depending on the reading performance of the chip reader 1002.

[0064] Furthermore, this table game management system may also be connected to an RFID reader that reads the chips in the chip tray 1009 by RFID, a camera that reads the bet chips, a winning / losing result determination device such as a shoe that determines the winning / losing result of the game, etc., and may be configured such that information can be mutually utilized.

[0065] (Second Embodiment) First, the substitute game currency used in the substitute game currency management system according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 3 shows the substitute game currency 1 used in the system. In the figure, an RFID tag 2 capable of storing various information is embedded in the substitute game currency 1. The RFID tag 2 includes a region 21 where data cannot be rewritten and a region 22 where data can be rewritten.

[0066] In the area 21 where data cannot be rewritten, as fixed information 3, information that does not change while the gaming substitute currency 1 is in use, or information that has no change, or information that must not be changed, is stored. Specifically, as fixed information 3, production information of the gaming substitute currency 1, product information, casino information, amount information, serial number, etc. are stored. The production information includes the date and time when the gaming substitute currency was manufactured, the manufacturing machine, etc. The product information includes information indicating that it is a chip for the VIP area of a casino, information indicating the type of chip (e.g., information indicating that it is a rolling chip or a cash chip), etc.

[0067] The area 21 where data cannot be rewritten may be an area where writing is functionally impossible due to the specifications of the RFID tag, or may be an area that is locked so that data cannot be written after writing the necessary information in an area where writing is possible.

[0068] In the area 22 where data can be rewritten, as variable information 4, information that changes while the gaming substitute currency 1 is in use is stored. For example, as variable information 4, as shown in FIG. 3, location-related information 220 including information 221 regarding date and time, information 222 regarding location and event, information 223 regarding the holder, etc. is stored.

[0069] The fixed information 3 and the variable information 4 may be encrypted to prevent unauthorized reading and writing of information by others. Also, the fixed information 3 and the variable information 4 may be stored as metadata.

[0070] FIG. 4 shows an example of a method for recording data of the variable information 4 of the gaming substitute currency 1. As shown in FIG. 4, the location-related information 220 consisting of date and time, time information 221, location and event information 222, and holder information 223 is grouped as a single block, and the information of the block is connected in a chain so that the history of the location-related information 220 of the gaming substitute currency 1 can be grasped.

[0071] FIG. 4 shows an example of the variation information 4 stored in the gaming substitute currency 1, and the movement of the gaming substitute currency 1 can be grasped as follows. At 16:02 on January 28, 2019, Mr. A exchanges cash and the gaming substitute currency 1 at the cage 5. At 16:15 on the same day, Mr. A places a bet using the gaming substitute currency 1 at Table No. 325. At 16:43 on the same day, Mr. B receives the gaming substitute currency 1 as the repayment for winning the bet at Table No. 325. At 17:01 on the same day, Mr. B leaves the casino with the gaming substitute currency 1.

[0072] The variation information 4 may be configured to store only the latest information, or may store information on all the locations where it has been written. Also, as shown in FIG. 4, some of the information on multiple locations may be selected and stored. When some are selected and stored, it may store multiple pieces of information on locations including at least the latest location information 220 among all the location information 220. With the above configuration, the history of the use or movement of a certain gaming substitute currency 1 can be understood from the variation information 4 of the gaming substitute currency 1. That is, the traceability information of the gaming substitute currency 1 is written in the gaming substitute currency 1 itself and is in a graspable configuration.

[0073] Next, the management system of the gaming substitute currency 1 of the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 5 shows the overall overview of the system.

[0074] First, in the factory 6, the gaming substitute currency 1 has the variation information 4 including the information on the completion of manufacturing or the shipment from the factory rewritten as the location-related information 220 in the rewritable area 22 of the data of the RFID tag 2 by the writing device 14.

[0075] The gaming substitute currency 1 shipped from the factory 6 is subjected to acceptance processing in the casino's backyard 7. In the backyard 7, the reading device 13 reads the variable information 4 stored in the area 22 where the data of the gaming substitute currency 1 can be rewritten. Based on the reading result, the management control device 15 determines whether the location-related information 220 indicating that it has been written at the factory 6 is written as the information to be written as the latest variable information 4. If there is no writing record at the factory 6, an error signal is generated as gaming substitute currency suspected of fraud. As a result, it becomes possible to reject the acceptance of the gaming substitute currency on the casino side or to request an investigation from the factory side. If there is no problem with the writing record, the writing device 14 writes the location-related information 220 indicating the backyard into the area 22 where the data of the RFID tag 2 can be rewritten. At the time of writing, the location information indicating the backyard may be described in addition to the location information indicating the factory, or the location information indicating the factory may be deleted and the location information indicating the backyard may be described. Also, the reading and writing of the gaming substitute currency in the above-mentioned backyard 7 can be performed in conjunction with the normal validation and activation operations of the gaming substitute currency.

[0076] The gaming substitute currency 1 for which the acceptance inspection has been completed in the backyard 7 is transported to the casino's warehouse 8 or cage 9. In the warehouse 8 or cage 9, the reading device 13 reads the variable information 4 stored in the area 22 where the data of the gaming substitute currency 1 can be rewritten. Based on the reading result, the management control device 15 determines whether the location-related information 220 indicating that it has been written in the backyard 7 is written as the information to be written as the latest variable information 4. Also, it may be checked whether information indicating the factory 6 is written in the history of the variable information 4. Similar to the inspection in the above-mentioned backyard 7, the management control device 15 determines whether there is any abnormality in the history of the location information. If there is no problem with the reading result, the writing device 14 writes the location-related information 22 indicating the warehouse 8 or cage 9 into the area 22 where the data can be rewritten.

[0077] The player purchases the game substitute currency 1 at the cage 9. When the player purchases the game substitute currency 1, the writing device 14 in the cage 9 writes, as the change information 4, the time when the game substitute currency was purchased and information indicating that the holder of the game substitute currency has changed from a casino staff to a customer. The player may be configured to be identified and recorded by face recognition technology, an ID card such as a casino membership card or a My Number card, etc.

[0078] The player uses the exchanged game substitute currency 1 and places the game substitute currency 1 in the betting area 11 on the game table to place a bet. The reading device 13 reads, from the RFID tag 2 of the bet game substitute currency 1, the location-related information 220 consisting of date and time, time information 221, location, event information 222, and holder information 223, and the management control device 15 determines whether there is any abnormality. For example, if a certain period of time has passed since the date and time of the information on use at the game table or the information on exchange at the cage, which was written last, or if the holder information 223 stored in the game substitute currency 1 is different from the holder information 223 identified by face recognition or an ID card, it can be determined that there is an abnormality.

[0079] When there is no problem with the reading result, for the bet game substitute currency 1, the writing device 14 adds the location-related information 220 to the rewritable area 22 of the data. The location-related information 220 includes date and time, time information 221, location, event information 222, and holder information 223. At the table, for example, the change information 4 including the player position number where the game substitute currency 1 is placed and the player's information is written by the writing device 14. The player's information may be identified by an ID card or face recognition. Usually, since multiple game substitute currencies 1 are stacked and placed in the betting area 11, the writing is performed collectively in the stacked state.

[0080] When a player takes out gaming substitute currency 1 from the casino floor, the player goes through the exit process at Gate 10. At the time of exit, information 220 regarding the location is read by the reading device 13, and the management control device 15 determines whether there is any abnormality in the fluctuation information 4. Also, at Gate 10, the writing device 14 writes the location indicating the exit, event information 222, and the fluctuation information 4 including the holder information 223.

[0081] When a player brings in the gaming substitute currency 1 that was taken out previously when entering the casino floor, information regarding the location is read by the reading device 13, and the management control device 15 determines whether there is any abnormality in the fluctuation information 4. For example, regarding the gaming substitute currency 1 that has once been taken out of the casino, if the holder at the time of exiting the casino is different from the holder at the time of entering, it can be grasped that there has been an act of transferring the gaming substitute currency outside the casino.

[0082] When the determination based on the reading result of the reading device 13 by the above-described management control device 15 is abnormal, the management control device 15 may output an alarm to the cage 9 or Gate 10. When the holder of the gaming substitute currency 1 exchanges money at the cage 9 or exits from Gate 10, the money exchange can be rejected or individual checks can be performed based on the alarm output by the management control device 15. Also, when the determination result is abnormal, the management control device 15 may issue a warning to interrupt the game to the dealer at each gaming table, issue a warning to the pit, and the pit manager may make a judgment such as interrupting or continuing the game, or may make a judgment on countermeasures such as exchanging the gaming substitute currency 1. Alternatively, the management control device 15 may be connected to the overall management control device 18 of the casino and may be configured to issue a warning to the overall management control device 18.

[0083] Similarly, when cashing in is performed in the cage, the management control device 15 may read the change information 4 by the reading device 13 and determine abnormalities. Specifically, an abnormality may be determined when a certain period of time has elapsed since the date and time of the information on use at the gaming table or the information on cashing in at the cage that was last written, or when a person different from the holder information 223 stored in the gaming substitute currency 1 attempts to cash in. When an abnormality is determined, the management control device 15 may output a warning and reject the cashing in of the gaming substitute currency 1 for which an abnormality has been determined.

[0084] Also, in the above description, the form in which writing is performed by the writing device 14 after reading by the reading device 13 and determination by the management control device has been described, but a configuration in which reading and writing are performed simultaneously may also be used.

[0085] Hereinafter, details of application examples of the present invention will be shown.

[0086] At the factory 6, reading and / or writing of the RFID tag 2 is performed at the time of completion of production or at the time of shipment. The writing device 14 writes production information and product information as fixed information 3, locks it so that it cannot be rewritten as necessary, and writes the change information 4.

[0087] In the backyard 6, when receiving the gaming substitute currency 1 shipped from the factory and activating it as a usable gaming substitute currency 1, reading and / or writing of the RFID tag 2 is performed.

[0088] At the warehouse 8, when moving the gaming substitute currency 1 from the warehouse 8 to the cage 9 or when moving the gaming substitute currency 1 from the cage 9 to the warehouse 8, reading and / or writing of the RFID tag 2 is performed. Alternatively, reading and / or writing of the RFID tag 2 may be performed on the gaming substitute currency 1 stored in the warehouse 8 at regular intervals or at a predetermined timing.

[0089] In the cage 9, when moving from or to the warehouse 8, and when exchanging the customer's cash for the gaming tokens 1, the RFID tag 2 is read and / or written. When the exchange is carried out in the cage 9, the location indicating the exchange, the event information 222, and the player information who has carried out the exchange are written as the holder information 223 into the variable information 4. The holder information 223 can be obtained from the player's casino ID card, face recognition system, credit card, etc.

[0090] At the gate 10, when the player enters or exits, the RFID tag 2 is read and / or written. For all the gaming tokens 1 taken out of the casino when the player exits, the location indicating the taking out, the event information 222, and the holder information 223 indicating the player who takes out are written as the variable information 4 for registration. Similarly, when entering, the location indicating the bringing in, the event information 222, and the holder information 223 indicating the player who brings in are written as the variable information 4 for registration of the gaming tokens 1 brought into the casino.

[0091] In the bet area 11, when the player participates in the bet, the RFID tag 2 is read and / or written for the gaming tokens 1 placed in the bet area 11. Also, when the dealer pays back the player, the RFID tag 2 is read and / or written for the gaming tokens 1 placed in the bet area 11.

[0092] In the chip tray 12, the RFID tag 2 is read and / or written for the gaming tokens 1 collected in the chip tray and the gaming tokens 1 stored.

[0093] The gaming table further has a payment area, and when the dealer pays back the player, the RFID tag 2 may be read and / or written for the gaming tokens 1 placed in the bet area 11.

[0094] The management control device 15 has a function of determining whether there is an abnormality in the location-related information 220 obtained from the reading results of the reading device 13 at each location. As the determination of whether there is an abnormality, it can be determined whether there is any event that the device has not been used for a predetermined period or longer since the previous writing, or the location-related information that should have been written is not written.

[0095] The event that the device has not been used for a predetermined period or longer since the previous writing is 1) The information regarding the location is the information indicating cage 9, and the writing of the next information has taken more than a predetermined time. 2) The information regarding the location is the information indicating entry at gate 10, and the writing of the next information has taken more than a predetermined time. 3) The information regarding the location is the information indicating exit at gate 10, and the writing of the next information has taken more than a predetermined time. It is any of the above situations.

[0096] The event that the location-related information that should have been written is not written is 4) When entering the game arcade, as the information regarding the latest location of area 22 where the data of the game substitute currency 1 can be rewritten, the information indicating exit at gate 10 is not written. 5) When using cage 9, the information indicating backyard 7 is not written. 6) When exiting the game arcade, the information indicating cage 9 or backyard 7 is not written. It is any of the above situations.

[0097] Based on the information 223 regarding the holder obtained from the reading device 13, as an event for determining whether there is an abnormality, the management control device 15 1) A person different from the last holder stored in area 22 where data can be rewritten exchanges, exchanges, or exits the game arcade with the game substitute currency 1 inside the game arcade. 2) A person different from the holder at the time of leaving the game, who is stored in the rewritable area 22 of the data, brings the game substitute currency into the game hall. It is possible to determine any of the following situations.

[0098] Based on the information indicating the location of the bet area 11 obtained from the reading device 13, or the location of the chip tray 12, or the information indicating the payment area, the management control device 15 determines whether it is abnormal as an event. 1) A person different from the final holder stored in the rewritable area 22 of the data uses the game substitute currency 1 on the game table. 2) A person different from the person at the time of purchasing the game substitute currency 1 in the cage 9 of the game substitute currency 1, which has no usage record on the game table, exchanges it for money in the cage 9. 3) The game substitute currency 1 without information indicating the cage 9 or the backyard 7 is used in the game hall. 4) The information regarding the latest location is the information indicating the bet area 11 or the payment area, and after a predetermined period has elapsed, it is exchanged for money in the cage 9 or used on the game table. Determine any of the situations 1) to 4) above.

[0099] FIG. 8 shows a database according to another embodiment of the present invention. The management system further includes a database 17 that records the same fixed information 3 and variable information 4 in addition to the game substitute currency 1. The management control device 15 records information in the database 17 based on the reading result of the reading device 13, and collates the fixed information 3 and variable information 4 stored in the game substitute currency 1 with the information in the database to determine abnormalities.

[0100] In the RFID tag 2 in the embodiment of the present invention, the functionally non-writable area of the non-rewritable area 21 of the data may be the TID. After writing the necessary information in the non-rewritable area 21 of the data, the locked area that cannot be written may be the EPC or the user area. The rewritable area 22 of the data may be the EPC or the user area.

[0101] The reading device 13 and the writing device 14 may vary in form depending on the location. For example, in the factory 6, they are on a platform as shown in FIG. 6, in the gate 10, they are box-shaped, and in the bed area 11 and the chip tray 12, the bed area 11 and the chip tray 12 themselves may have the functions of the reading device 13 and the writing device 14. Also, the gaming substitute coins 1 may be stacked as they are, or reading and writing may be performed while they are housed in a chip case or the like. Further, the reading device 13 and the writing device 14 may be integrated.

[0102] In the above embodiment, the case where there is one RFID tag on the gaming substitute coin and the single RFID tag has an area where data cannot be written and an area where data can be rewritten has been described. On the other hand, a form is also conceivable in which two RFID tags are placed on the gaming substitute coin, one RFID tag stores fixed information and is locked so that data cannot be written, and the other RFID tag is made capable of rewriting data in order to record variable information.

[0103] However, in this case, when a plurality of gaming substitute coins are read collectively, as shown in FIG. 7A, since the information group of the fixed information 3 and the information group of the variable information 4 are read separately, the combination of the fixed information and the variable information of a specific gaming substitute coin cannot be determined, and there is a problem that a gaming substitute coin with an abnormality in the variable information cannot be specified.

[0104] On the other hand, when there is one RFID tag, as shown in FIG. 7B, even when a plurality of gaming substitute coins are read collectively, the mutual correspondence relationship between the fixed information and the variable information read by the reading device can be grasped. Therefore, it is considered better to implement it with a single RFID tag.

[0105] In general, the larger the diameter of an RFID tag, the higher the reading accuracy. Therefore, when an RFID tag is inserted into a gaming token, it is desirable for the RFID tag to have a diameter of at least the radius of the gaming token. However, when two RFID tags are inserted into a gaming token, the diameter of each individual RFID tag becomes smaller, which is not preferable. Also, when two RFID tags are inserted, the number of RFID tags to be read increases, which also leads to a decrease in the reading speed when reading multiple gaming tokens.

[0106] In view of the above points, it is considered more effective to implement with a single RFID tag.

[0107] (Third Embodiment) The overall outline of a table game management system in a casino having a plurality of gaming tables according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the overall outline of the system. The table game management system in a casino having a plurality of gaming tables 2004 includes a game recording device 2011 that records a game played on the gaming table 2004 as an image via a plurality of cameras 2002 including gaming tokens 1, an image analysis device 2012 that analyzes the recorded image, a chip reader 25 that reads the RFID attached to the gaming token 1, and a game result determination device 18 that determines and displays the game result of each game on the gaming table 2004.

[0108] The game result determination device 18 is, for example, a card distribution device 2003, which is a so-called electronic shoe already used by those skilled in the art. The rules of the game are programmed in advance, and it has a structure that can read the information of the distributed card C and determine the win or loss of the game. For example, in the baccarat game, the win of the banker, the win of the player, and a tie (draw) are basically determined by the ranks of two to three cards, and the determination result (win / loss result) is displayed on the result display lamp 2013.

[0109] In the figure, the gaming table 2004 is a baccarat table, which is provided with five sitting numbers 13 (sitting number 1 131, sitting number 2 132, sitting number 3 133, sitting number 5 134, sitting number 6 135), and five game participants can participate in the game. A betting area 44 is provided for each sitting number 13. The betting area 44 for the sitting number 13 includes areas for player (PLAYER) 441, banker (BANKER) 442, tie (TIE) 443, player pair (P) 444, and banker pair (B) 445. Each game participant places the gaming substitute currency 1 of the amount to be bet at the position corresponding to the object to be bet, thereby making a bet. In FIG. 9, for example, two gaming substitute currencies 1 are placed and bet on the tie 443 of the sitting number 5, and two gaming substitute currencies 1 are placed and bet on the player 441. The gaming table 2004 is further provided with a player card area 45 for placing the drawn player cards and a banker card area 46 for placing the drawn banker cards.

[0110] The control device 2014 can grasp, via the camera 2002 and the image analysis device 2012, at which position (player, banker, tie, pair) in the betting area 2008 each player 2006 bets the gaming substitute currency 1, the type of the gaming substitute currency 1 (the gaming substitute currency 1 is assigned different value amounts for each color), and the number of sheets. That is, the control device 2014 can grasp, for example, that two gaming substitute currencies 1 are bet on the tie 443 of the sitting number 5 and two gaming substitute currencies 1 are bet on the player 441.

[0111] As shown in Fig. 9, the chip reader 25 is arranged so that it can collectively read the RFID of the gaming tokens 1 within the reading area, treating the entire bet area as one reading area for each sitting number. The RFID attached to the gaming token 1 has unique ID information, the amount, type, manufacturing information, holder information, etc. of the gaming token 1 written thereon. Alternatively, in the database, the ID information may be associated with the amount, type, manufacturing information, holder information, etc. of the gaming token 1 and stored. By reading the RFID attached to the gaming token 1, the chip reader 25 can grasp the gaming token 1 for each sitting number and can grasp the total amount or number of pieces. That is, for example, if 4 gaming tokens are bet in the sitting number 5, the type, amount, and ID of each can be grasped.

[0112] As shown in Fig. 10, based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device 2012, the control device 2014 grasps the total amount or total number of the gaming tokens 1 for each sitting number from the type and number of the gaming tokens 1 bet in each bet area of each sitting number, and compares it with the total amount or total number of the gaming tokens 1 for each sitting number based on the information of the RFID of the gaming tokens 1 read by the chip reader 25 to determine whether they match. Furthermore, it can output the sitting numbers for which the above determination is inconsistent and can identify the sitting numbers with problems.

[0113] If the total amount or total number of gaming substitute coins 1 for each sitting number based on the reading result of the chip reader 25 is less than the total amount or total number of gaming substitute coins 1 for each sitting number based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device 2012, it is possible that the RFID attached to the gaming substitute coin 1 is broken, is an unreadable RFID, or that the gaming substitute coin 1 is not attached with an RFID. In FIG. 10, for the gaming substitute coins 1 wagered on the sitting number 1, the total number of reads based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device 2012 is 4, while the total number of reads based on the RFID reading by the chip reader 25 is 3. Therefore, it is considered that one of the four gaming substitute coins 1 wagered on the sitting number 1 had an unreadable RFID.

[0114] If the total amount or total number of gaming substitute coins 1 for each sitting number based on the reading result of the chip reader 25 is more than the total amount or total number of gaming substitute coins 1 for each sitting number based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device 2012, it is possible that the image analysis device 2012 could not read the gaming substitute coin 1 due to factors such as the gaming substitute coin 1 being in the blind spot of the camera. In FIG. 10, for the gaming substitute coins 1 wagered on the sitting number 3, the total number of reads based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device 2012 is 1, while the total number of reads based on the RFID reading by the chip reader 25 is 2. Therefore, although there were two gaming substitute coins 1 wagered on the sitting number 3, it is considered possible that the image analysis device 2012 could only recognize one of them.

[0115] The ID information of the RFID attached to the gaming substitute coin 1 is registered in the casino's database, and information on production and shipping at the factory, as well as information on receipt, validation, and activation at the casino, is recorded. The control device 2014 can compare the information of the RFID read by the chip reader 25 with the information in the database to determine whether it is genuine or counterfeit as something that should be used in the casino.

[0116] With this configuration, the camera can grasp the type and number of substitute gaming tokens 1 bet on each bed area, and based on the RFID information of the substitute gaming tokens 1 read by the chip reader 25, it is possible to determine the authenticity and defective substitute gaming tokens 1 for each sitting number.

[0117] In addition, the system further includes a game participant identification means by a face recognition system or a player ID card, and the control device 2014 can associate the game participant information identified by the game participant identification means with the sitting number. The control device 2014 can store the bet amount, repayment or recovery amount, and win-loss information stored for each sitting number for each game participant. Also, information on a game participant playing multiple games at multiple tables can be collectively stored.

[0118] The control device 2014 can determine the total amount of substitute gaming tokens 1 in the chip tray 17 of the dealer 2005 of the gaming table 2004 using the chip tray determination device 12. After the game ends and is settled, according to the recovery of the losing substitute gaming tokens 1 bet by each player 2006 and the amount of payment 9W to the winning chips for the winning player 2006W, it is possible to compare and calculate whether the total amount of substitute gaming tokens 1 in the chip tray 17 has increased or decreased according to the win-loss result of the game. The chip tray determination device may grasp the total amount of substitute gaming tokens 1 in the chip tray 17 by photographing the substitute gaming tokens 1 stored in the chip tray 17 using the camera 2002 and based on the analysis of the image analysis device 2012, or by providing an RFID reader in the chip tray 17 to detect the total amount of substitute gaming tokens 1 stored in the chip tray 17.

[0119] In this example, fraud or errors are detected based on the game's win / loss result, information on which type of gaming substitute currency 1 was wagered, how many were wagered, and at which position (player, banker, tie, pair) in the wagering area 2008, and the increase or decrease in the gaming substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17 after the collection of losing chips and the repayment for winning gaming substitute currency 1 are completed. Therefore, even without knowing the movement of the gaming substitute currency 1 after the game ends, that is, whether the wagered gaming substitute currency 1 has moved to the player's side or the dealer's side, fraud or errors can be detected.

[0120] Here, the game's win / loss result can be determined according to the baccarat rules by reading the rank of the card C dealt in that game in the card dealing device 2003, for example, in the case of baccarat. Also, the game's win / loss result can be determined by photographing the gaming table 2004 with the camera 2002, analyzing the image with the image analysis device 2012, and comparing the analysis result with the game rules by the control device 2014. In this case, the game result determination device is composed of the camera 2002, the image analysis device 2012, and the control device 2014. Information on each player of each sitting number 7, which type of gaming substitute currency 1 was wagered, how many were wagered, and at which position (player, banker, tie, player pair, banker pair) in the wagering area 2008 can be obtained by photographing the gaming substitute currency 1 placed in the wagering area 2008 with the camera 2002 and analyzing the image for each play position 7 with the image analysis device 2012.

[0121] Also, the increase or decrease in the gaming substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17 before and after the collection of losing gaming substitute currency 1 and the repayment for winning gaming substitute currency 1 are made can be calculated by comparing the total amount of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17 before the collection of losing gaming substitute currency 1 and the repayment for winning gaming substitute currency 1 and the total amount of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17 after the collection of losing gaming substitute currency 1 and the repayment for winning gaming substitute currency 1 are made.

[0122] For example, before the start of the game, assume that the total amount of the game substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17 is Bb, and after the game ends and the collection of losing chips and the repayment for winning chips are completed, the total amount of the game substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17 is Ba. Also, in this game, assume that the total amount of all play positions 7 of the game substitute currency 1 bet in the player area is bp, the total amount of all play positions 7 of the game substitute currency 1 bet in the banker area is bb, and the total amount of all play positions 7 of the game substitute currency 1 bet in the tie area is bt. For example, when the winning or losing result of this game is a win for the banker, Ba - Bb = bp - bb + bt should hold. Alternatively, the total amount Ba of the game substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17 after the game ends should be (Bb + bp - bb + bt). If it is not like that, it can be determined that there is fraud or a mistake in the collection or repayment of chips.

[0123] FIG. 14A is a diagram showing details of the chip tray of the present embodiment, and FIG. 14B is a diagram showing another example of the chip tray. The chip tray 17 is provided with a collection chip tray 171 for collecting and temporarily storing the game substitute currency 1L bet by the losing player 2006L, and a repayment chip tray 172 for storing the game substitute currency 1W for repayment. The image analysis device 2012 and the control device 2014 grasp the position, type, and number of the game substitute currency 1L bet by the losing player 2006L, and calculate the increased amount of the game substitute currency 1L in the game (the amount of the game substitute currency 1 that should be in the collection chip tray 171). Further, the image analysis device 2012 and the control device 2014 grasp the actual total amount of the game substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 171 after collection, and compare the should-be total amount with the actual total amount to determine whether there is a difference.

[0124] The control device 2014 further repays the gaming substitute currency 1 to be repaid, and when the repayment is completed, based on the position, type, and number of chips wagered by each game participant on the gaming table and the game result, it calculates the total amount that should be in the chip tray for the chips to be repaid in the game, and compares it with the actual total amount in the said chip tray, and can determine whether there is a difference between the total amount that should be and the actual total amount.

[0125] Also, for the repayment of the gaming substitute currency 1W to the winning player 2006W, by using the gaming substitute currency 1 in the repayment chip tray 172, it is possible to ensure sufficient time to grasp the actual total amount of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the collection chip tray 171 after the image analysis device 2012 and the control device 2014 have collected it.

[0126] As described above, in this embodiment, the control device 2014 calculates the chip balance for each game based on the amount of wagered chips on the gaming table 2004 and the win / loss result of the game, and verifies the increase in the remaining amount of chips in the chip tray 17 after the game. If a difference is detected in this verification, the control device 2014 issues an alarm or adds a record to that effect to the recording of the video taken by the camera 2002. The casino operator can investigate the cause of the difference by checking the video.

[0127] The table game management system of this embodiment adds and subtracts the increase or decrease amount of chips in the game calculated from the position, type, and number of the gaming substitute currency 1 wagered by all players 2006 in the game and the win / loss result of the game obtained by the win / loss result determination device from the total amount of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17 before the settlement of each game, and compares the total amount that should be in the chip tray 17 after the settlement at the end of the game with the actual total amount of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17 at the end of the game obtained via the image analysis device 2012, and determines whether there is a difference between the total amount that should be and the actual total amount.

[0128] The control device 2014 grasps the position, type, and number of chips wagered by each player via the image analysis device 2012. When all the losing chips wagered by each player have been collected, it grasps the actual total amount of chips in the chip tray, and from the total amount of chips in the chip tray before settlement of each game, it adds the increase in the chip tray 17 in that game calculated from the position, type, and number of chips wagered by the losing player, and compares the supposed total amount of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17 with the actual total amount of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17, and determines whether there is a difference between the supposed total amount and the actual total amount.

[0129] The control device 2014 compares the supposed total amount of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17, which is obtained by adding the increase in the chip tray 17 in that game calculated from the position, type, and number of the gaming substitute currency 1 wagered by the losing player to the total amount of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17 before settlement of each game, with the actual total amount of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17. If it determines that there is no difference between the supposed total amount and the actual total amount, and if it determines that there is a difference between the supposed total amount in the chip tray 17 after settlement at the end of the game and the actual total amount of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 17 at the end of the game obtained via the image analysis device 2012, it determines that there is an error in payment and generates a payment error signal to notify the error in payment.

[0130] The chip tray 17 is provided with a recovery chip tray 171 for collecting and temporarily storing the gaming substitute currency 1 wagered by the losing player. The image analysis device 2012 compares the supposed total amount of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the recovery chip tray 171, which is obtained by adding the increase in the gaming substitute currency 1 in that game calculated from the position, type, and number of the gaming substitute currency 1L wagered by the losing player, with the actual total amount of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the recovery chip tray 171, and determines whether there is a difference between the supposed total amount and the actual total amount.

[0131] When the control device 2014 determines that there is a difference in that the actual total amount of the gaming tokens 1 grasped in the chip tray 17 of the dealer 2005 on the gaming table 2004 does not correspond to the increase or decrease amount of the chips calculated from the chip amounts wagered by all players and the win / loss result of the game, the game recording device 2011 indexes or times the acquired video, or identifies and can play back the collection scene or payment scene of the gaming tokens 1 so that the recording of the game in which the above difference occurred can be analyzed in the game recording device 2011.

[0132] In this way, the control device 2014 obtains the total amount of chips in the chip tray 17 after settlement at the end of the game via the image analysis device 2012. In this case, the post-settlement judgment is assumed to occur when any of the following 1) to 4) occurs. 1) When the repayment for the winning gaming tokens 1 is completed, 2) When the card C used in the game is collected and discarded in the discard area 41 or discard slot 42 of the table, 3) When a predetermined button attached to the win / loss result determination device is pressed, 4) When the marker 43 indicating the win / loss is reset.

[0133] In addition, the control device 2014 grasps the position (the position wagered by the player, the banker, or the pair) and the amount (type and number) of the chips wagered at each play position 7 on the gaming table 2004, and compares the win / loss history of each player 2006 obtained from the win / loss result of each game and the amount of the chips obtained (the winning amount) with the statistical data of a large number (big data) of past games to extract as a special situation (set by the casino) an artificial intelligence utilization type or deep learning structure. Typically, the occurrence of a winning amount of a certain amount (one million dollars) or more, or at a play position 7 on a certain gaming table 2004, a state where the amount of the wagered chips when losing is small and the amount of the wagered chips when winning is large continues for several games, and this can be extracted as a special situation when compared with the statistical data (big data, etc.) of past games. It is equipped with a control device 2014 having an artificial intelligence utilization type or deep learning structure.

[0134] Furthermore, the control device 2014 of the management system of this table game is structured such that it can identify (integrated with the image analysis device 2012) an individual player 2006 in a special situation or at a play position 7 where a win of a predetermined amount or more has been achieved. Such identification of the player 2006 is done in the image analysis device 2012 by obtaining a face image through feature point extraction or the like, and attaching and identifying an identity number (ID, etc.). Then, when the identified player 2006 leaves and arrives at another gaming table, the control device 2014 has a warning function to notify the presence of the identified player at the other gaming table. Specifically, it notifies the pit manager who manages each gaming table 2004 and each table supervisor (which may be a dealer), to prevent further special phenomena.

[0135] The control device 2014 can identify the collected gaming substitute currency 1 for each sitting number based on the RFID ID information of the collected gaming substitute currency 1 determined by the chip tray determination device and the RFID ID information of the gaming substitute currency 1 read by the chip reader 25.

[0136] In FIG. 11, gaming substitute currency 1 is being wagered as shown in the detailed tables of FIGS. 12 and 13. From the analysis by the image analysis device 2012, the location (player, banker, etc.) and the number of pieces (and amount) where the gaming substitute currency 1 is being wagered can be grasped. On the other hand, from the reading by the chip reader 25, the RFID ID attached to the gaming substitute currency 1 for each sitting number can be grasped. Furthermore, since the chip tray determination device can determine the ID of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the chip tray 9, by grasping the ID that has increased before and after collection, the collected gaming substitute currency 1 can be grasped. In FIGS. 11 to 13, when the game result is a win for the banker, it can be seen from the analysis result of the image analysis device 2012 that 2 pieces wagered on the banker pair should be collected, and among the IDs of the collected chips determined by the chip tray determination device, it can be seen that 2 pieces with IDs 6 and 18, which the chip reader 25 has read as being wagered at sitting number 5, have been collected.

[0137] The control device 2014 further grasps the total amount or total number of gaming substitute coins 1 to be recovered for each sitting number determined using the game result obtained from the game result determination device and the measurement results of the position, amount, and number of gaming substitute coins 1 based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device. Therefore, the control device 2014 can compare the total amount or total number of recovered gaming substitute coins 1 for each sitting number determined based on RFID with the total amount or total number of gaming substitute coins 1 to be recovered based on the image analysis result, and determine whether they match.

[0138] For example, when the reading result by the chip reading device 25 for sitting number 1 is "A, B, C, D, E", the analysis result by the image analysis device 2012 is "2 pieces for Tie and 2 pieces for Banker", the game result is "Banker wins", and the reading result by the chip tray determination device 18 is "A, B", it can be seen that the chips A and B bet on Tie have been correctly recovered.

[0139] The control device 2014 can further determine whether the RFID ID information of the recovered gaming substitute coins 1 determined by the chip tray determination device matches the RFID ID information of the bet gaming substitute coins 1 read by the chip reading device 25. By this determination, it can be determined whether the gaming substitute coins 1 recovered in the chip tray are the gaming substitute coins 1 bet on the gaming table, and whether they are not gaming substitute coins 1 recovered illegally from other places.

[0140] The control device 2014 can further determine the types of chips such as cash chips, rolling chips, and promotion chips based on the RFID information read by the chip reading device 25, and can store the bet amount and the recovered or repaid amount for each determined chip type.

[0141] A rolling chip is a special chip that can be purchased by specific members and cannot be exchanged for cash. The amount of money spent on purchasing rolling chips is managed for each member. It must be used for betting and consumed. Also, the repayment for bets made using rolling chips is made with cash chips. By storing the amount of rolling chips bet or recovered based on the RFID information read by the chip reader 25, the amount of rolling chips that a specific member should have can be ascertained.

[0142] The chip reader 25 further has the function of a confirmation area and can read the gaming tokens 1 placed for repayment. As shown in FIG. 15, when making a repayment to the banker of sitting number 2, the gaming tokens 1 for repayment are placed in the chip reader 25 and read. In FIG. 15, it is placed beside the winning gaming tokens 1 bet on the banker of sitting number 2. The control device 2014 compares the repayment amount determined using the measurement results of the position, amount, and number of gaming tokens 1 based on the game result obtained from the game result determination device and the image analysis result by the image analysis device with the amount of gaming tokens 1 placed for each sitting number based on the reading result of the chip reader 25, determines whether the repayment amounts match or not, and can output the result. In FIG. 16, the total number of gaming tokens 1 to be paid for sitting number 1 is 4, while the reading result of the chip reader 25 is 3, so they do not match. When the repayment amounts do not match, a non - matching signal is output, and the dealer can re - place the gaming tokens 1 for repayment based on the output signal. When the gaming tokens 1 are re - placed, a new determination can be made and the determination result can be output. The area where the gaming tokens 1 for repayment are placed can be anywhere within the chip reader 25. Also, as shown in FIG. 15, separately from the bet area, a payment confirmation area 26 can be arranged on the dealer side of the bet area. In FIG. 7, the gaming tokens 1 for repayment are placed in the payment confirmation area 26 of sitting number 6, the chip reader 25 reads them, the control device 2014 makes a determination, and the repayment chip is placed beside the winning gaming tokens 1 placed on the banker.

[0143] Also, for the confirmation area, image analysis may be performed by the image analysis device 2012, and the control device 2014 may perform collation with the reading result of the chip reading device 25 to determine whether the total number of sheets matches.

[0144] Based on the determination made, the control device 2014 can output a signal. The signal may be output so as to be displayed on the display unit of the chip tray 9 or the display unit of the card distribution device 2003, or the signal may be output to the pit manager or the casino backyard.

[0145] As shown in FIG. 17, the chip reading device 25 may use the entire bet area as one reading area for each sitting number, or as shown in FIG. 18, the player bet area and the banker bet area for each sitting number may be set as one reading area, and the tie bet area, the player pair bet area, and the banker pair bet area may be set as one reading area. Also, as shown in FIGS. 19 and 22, each of the tie bet area, the player pair bet area, and the side bet area of the banker pair bet area may be set as one reading area.

[0146] Hereinafter, the gaming substitute currency 1 used in the embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 20 is an external view of the gaming substitute currency 1 used in this system, and FIG. 21 is a front sectional view. A plurality of plastic layers of different colors are laminated, and at least an intermediate coloring layer 101 is provided. A white layer 102 or a light color layer (not shown, but any layer lighter in color than the coloring layer 101) is laminated on both sides of the intermediate coloring layer 101, forming a multilayer structure. By having such a coloring layer 101 and laminating a white layer 102 or a light color layer (not shown, but any layer lighter in color than the coloring layer 101) on both sides of this intermediate coloring layer 101, a stripe pattern in the lamination direction is formed on the side surface as shown in FIG. 20. By changing the color of the coloring layer 101 (such as red, green, yellow, or blue), the type of the gaming substitute currency 1 (such as 10 points, 20 points, 100 points, 1000 points, etc.) can be specified.

[0147] As shown in FIG. 21, the colored layer 101 may be formed by a plurality of colored layers (three layers in FIG. 21). Since the plurality of colored layers (three layers in FIG. 21) are thermocompression bonded to each other, the three-layer structure is not visible as shown in FIG. 21, and FIG. 21 represents three layers for explanatory purposes. Further, a partial cutout B is provided in the middle layer of the three layers of the colored layer 101, and an RFID is incorporated therein.

[0148] Also, the gaming substitute currency 1 is not limited to a structure in which plastics are laminated, and may have an appearance similar to that of the colored layer 101.

[0149] The method by which the image analysis device 2012 analyzes the gaming substitute currency 1 is shown in detail below. The image analysis device 2012 performs image analysis on the image recorded in the recording device 11, and recognizes at least two colors of a reference color R different from the specific color 121 that is at least partially applied to the gaming substitute currency 1 and present in the image. The specific color 121 is at least partially applied at a predetermined position or in a predetermined shape of the gaming substitute currency 1. For example, it may be applied as the colored layer 101, applied circumferentially on the side surface of the gaming substitute currency 1, or applied as a predetermined mark on the surface of the gaming substitute currency 1. Further, the reference color R may be, for example, the color of a specific area of the gaming table 2004, or a color applied at a location different from the specific color 121 in the gaming substitute currency 1.

[0150] The image analysis device 2012 includes, for example, an artificial intelligence device 12a that identifies a specific color by means of deep learning technology or the like, and determines the number and types of the gaming substitute currencies 1 arranged on the gaming table 2004. The recognition device 12 may further determine the position of the gaming substitute currency 1 on the gaming table 2004.

[0151] The image analysis device 2012 acquires a plurality of images of the gaming substitute currency 1 and the reference color R irradiated with different illuminances, and learns by a person teaching the acquired images and the correct colors of the specific color 121 of the gaming substitute currency 1 and the reference color R in each image as teaching data, and creates a learning model 13a (recognition program). Note that for the images of the gaming substitute currency 1 and the reference color R irradiated with the same illuminance condition, since the specific color 121 and the reference color R are irradiated with the same illuminance, the relative relationship between the specific color 121 and the reference color R can be acquired. For example, this relative relationship may be used for the recognition of the specific color 121.

[0152] Also, the chip recognition device 12 may extract the center line C of the gaming substitute currency 1 by a method of measuring features on the image such as shape, brightness, saturation, and color tone, using the result of image analysis of the image photographed by the camera 2002 and recorded as an image without using artificial intelligence.

[0153] The artificial intelligence device 12a further has a configuration of recognizing at least two colors including the specific color 121 in the peripheral image and the reference color R different from the specific color 121 by analyzing the peripheral image of a predetermined range around the extracted center line C (for example, a range of 8 pixels orthogonal to the center line centered on the center line). When analyzing the peripheral image of a predetermined range around the extracted center line C, the image may be analyzed as it is, or may be analyzed after performing image processing such as color enhancement and noise removal so that the recognition of the specific color 121 becomes easy.

[0154] In summary, the artificial intelligence device 12a of the recognition device 12 has a configuration of extracting the center line C from the image of the gaming substitute currency 1 and recognizing at least two colors including the specific color 121 in the peripheral image and the reference color R different from the specific color 121 by analyzing the peripheral image of a predetermined range centered on the center line C, and is an artificial intelligence device taught with a plurality of peripheral images of the gaming substitute currency 1 and the reference color R irradiated with different illuminances as teaching data.

[0155] In another embodiment of the present invention, the control device 2014 further 1) In each game, during the period from the start of card drawing or from the game start operation by the dealer pressing the start button 4s until the game win / loss result is displayed by the card distribution device, whether there is any movement of the chips is checked. 2) After the end of each game, while the dealer is collecting the chips wagered by the losing players among the game participants, whether there is any movement of the chips by persons other than the dealer is checked. 3) After the end of each game, while the dealer is collecting the chips wagered by the losing players among the game participants, whether any chips are added is checked. 4) After the end of each game, whether payment is made to the position of the chips wagered by the winning players among the game participants is checked. 5) After the end of each game, whether the winning players among the game participants have taken the wagered chips and the paid chips is checked. It is provided with a function for determining at least one of the above.

[0156] Furthermore, the control device 2014 may be configured to determine at least one of the above 1) to 5) by detecting the hand movements of the dealer and the game participants, the chip movements, or the hand movements and chip movements using the analysis results of the image analysis device 2012.

[0157] As a characteristic function of the present invention, the control device 2014 has the functions shown in the following 1) to 5) according to the rules of the baccarat game and determines whether any irregularities contrary to the rules are being committed. That is, 1) In each game, from the signal indicating the start of card drawing obtained from the card distribution device 2003 or from the game start operation by the dealer 2005 pressing the start button 4s until the game win / loss result is displayed by the card distribution device 2003, whether there is any movement of the gaming tokens 1 is monitored based on the information obtained by the image analysis device 2012 using the camera 2002. 2) After the end of each game, while the dealer 2005 is collecting the gaming tokens 1 wagered by the losers among the game participants 2006, it is monitored by the information obtained by the image analysis device 2012 using the camera 2002 whether the loser 6 is taking the gaming tokens 1 fraudulently. 3) After the end of each game, while the dealer 2005 is collecting the gaming tokens 1 wagered by the losers among the game participants, it is monitored by the information obtained by the image analysis device 2012 using the camera 2002 whether a person other than the dealer 2005 (winner or loser) adds the winning gaming tokens 1W or rearranges the gaming tokens 1 newly on the winning side that has not wagered. 4) After the end of each game, it is monitored by the information obtained by the image analysis device 2012 using the camera 2002 whether the correct winning gaming tokens 1W are placed at the position of the gaming tokens 1 wagered by the winner among the game participants 2006. 5) After the end of each game (the dealer 2005 operates the card distribution device 2003 to display the winning and losing results on the display lamp 13), it is monitored by the information obtained by the image analysis device 2012 using the camera 2002 whether the winner 6W among the game participants 2006 takes the wagered gaming tokens 1 and the paid winning gaming tokens 1W.

[0158] In the above-described embodiment, the image analysis device 2012 and the control device 2014 are devices having an artificial intelligence utilization type or a deep learning structure. Specifically, however, the image analysis device 2012 and the control device 2014 may perform image analysis and the various types of control described above using, for example, a Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm, a Convolutional Neutral Network (CNN), deep learning, machine learning, or the like. These technologies are technologies for performing image recognition on a captured image to recognize an object included in the image. In particular, in recent years, object recognition with high accuracy has been performed using deep learning technology in which neural networks are layered. This deep learning technology generally recognizes an object with high accuracy by stacking layers in multiple stages in an intermediate layer between the input layer and the output layer of the neural network. In this deep learning technology, in particular, the convolutional neural network has attracted attention for having higher performance than recognizing an object based on conventional image feature amounts.

[0159] In a convolutional neural network, a recognition target image with a label is learned, and the main object included in the recognition target image is recognized. When there are a plurality of main objects in the learning image, a region rectangle is specified, and learning is performed by attaching a label to the image corresponding to the specified region. Further, in a convolutional neural network, it is also possible to determine the main object in the image and the position of the object.

[0160] To further explain the convolutional neural network, in the object recognition process, candidate regions are extracted based on local features by performing edge extraction processing or the like on the image of the object to be recognized, and after extracting feature vectors by inputting the candidate regions into the convolutional neural network, classification is performed, and the candidate region with the highest confidence level among the classified regions is obtained as the recognition result. The confidence level is a quantity indicating to what extent the similarity of the main body of the image learned together with a certain image region and a label is relatively higher than the similarity of other classes.

[0161] As described above, various embodiments of the present invention have been explained. However, the above-described embodiments can of course be modified by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention, and the apparatus of the present embodiment may be appropriately modified according to the needs in the applicable game.

[0162] (Appendix) In order to solve the above conventional problems, the game substitute currency management system of the present invention A single RFID tag having a region where data cannot be rewritten and a region where data can be rewritten is attached to the game substitute currency. The region where data of the RFID tag cannot be rewritten stores, as fixed information, at least one of production information, product information, casino information, amount information, and serial number of the game substitute currency. The region where data can be rewritten stores, as variable information, information regarding the location of the game substitute currency. It is configured such that the variable information stored in the region where data can be rewritten in the same RFID tag can be extracted from the fixed information stored in the region where data cannot be rewritten. The system A writing device that writes information regarding the location of the game substitute currency to the region where data can be rewritten. A reading device that collectively reads the fixed information stored in an area where the data of the plurality of substitute game tokens cannot be rewritten, and reads the information regarding the location stored in an area where the data corresponding to each fixed information can be rewritten based on the read fixed information; A management control device that examines the information regarding the location obtained from the reading device; and further includes: The area where the data can be rewritten stores information regarding a plurality of locations, including at least the latest information regarding the location among all the information regarding the locations written by the writing device. The management control device has a function of determining whether there is an abnormality in the history of the information regarding the location obtained from the reading device. If there is an abnormality, it generates an error signal and is configured to be able to specify the fixed information of the substitute game token determined to be abnormal.

[0163] Furthermore, the area where the data can be rewritten is configured to store, together with the information regarding the location, information on the time when the writing device wrote to the substitute game token. The management control device determines, as the determination of whether there is the abnormality, whether there is any event that the substitute game token has not been used for a predetermined period or more since the previous writing, or that the information regarding the location that should have been written is not written, based on the information regarding the location obtained from the reading device.

[0164] Furthermore, the management control device includes at least one of information indicating a cage, information indicating entry or exit, or information indicating a backyard in the information regarding the location. The event that the substitute game token has not been used for a predetermined period or more since the previous writing is as follows: 1) The information regarding the latest location indicates a cage, and the writing of the next information has passed a predetermined time or more. 2) The information regarding the latest location indicates entry, and the writing of the next information has passed a predetermined time or more. 3) The information regarding the latest location indicates exit, and the writing of the next information has passed a predetermined time or more. in any of the following situations, the event that the information regarding the location where the information should be written has not been written is 4) when entering the game arcade, information indicating exit is not written as the information regarding the latest location of the area where the data of the game substitute currency can be rewritten, 5) when used in the cage, information indicating the backyard is not written, 6) when exiting the game arcade, information indicating the cage or the backyard is not written, it may be any of the following situations.

[0165] Furthermore, the information regarding the location may include information regarding the holder who owns the game substitute currency.

[0166] Furthermore, as an event for the management control device to determine whether there is an abnormality based on the information regarding the holder obtained from the reading device, 1) A person different from the last holder stored in the area where the data can be rewritten exchanges, exchanges, or exits the game arcade with the game substitute currency. 2) A person different from the holder at the time of exit stored in the area where the data can be rewritten brings the game substitute currency into the game arcade. It may be equipped with a function to determine any of the above situations 1) or 2).

[0167] Furthermore, the information regarding the holder who owns the game substitute currency may be specified by face authentication or reading of an ID card.

[0168] Furthermore, the information regarding the location may further include information indicating the location of the chip tray of the specific game table, or information indicating the bet area, or information indicating the payment area.

[0169] Furthermore, based on the information indicating the location of the chip tray of the game table obtained from the reading device, or the location of the bet area, or the information indicating the payment area, as an event for determining whether there is an abnormality, 1) A person different from the last holder stored in the area where the data can be rewritten uses the game substitute currency on the game table. 2) A person different from the person who purchased the game substitute currency at the cage for the game substitute currency without a usage record on the game table exchanges it for cash at the cage. 3) Game substitute currency without information indicating the cage or the backyard is used within the game venue. 4) The information regarding the latest location is the information indicating the bet area or the payment area, and after a lapse of a predetermined period or more, it is exchanged for cash at the cage or used on the game table. It may be provided with a function for determining any one of the situations from 1) to 4) above.

[0170] Furthermore, the information possessed by the RFID tag may be encrypted.

[0171] Furthermore, the area where the data cannot be rewritten may be configured such that data cannot be functionally written, or may be locked so that data cannot be written.

[0172] Moreover, the reading device is configured to collectively read the fixed information stored in the area where the data cannot be rewritten and the information regarding the location stored in the area where the data can be rewritten. The management control device may be configured to extract and grasp the information regarding the location stored in the area where the data can be rewritten in the same RFID tag from the plurality of fixed information of the plurality of game substitute currencies read by the reading device.

[0173] In order to solve the above conventional problems, the game substitute currency of the present invention includes a single RFID tag having an area where data cannot be rewritten and an area where data can be rewritten. The area where the data cannot be rewritten stores, as fixed information, at least one of the production information, product information, casino information, amount information, and serial number of the game substitute currency. The area where the data can be rewritten is configured to store, as variable information, information regarding the location of the game substitute currency written by a writing device. It is configured such that the variable information stored in the area where the data cannot be rewritten in the same RFID tag can be extracted from the fixed information stored in the area where the data cannot be rewritten.

[0174] Furthermore, the game substitute currency may be configured to collectively read the fixed information stored in the area where the data cannot be rewritten of a plurality of the game substitute currencies by a reading device, and based on the read fixed information, read the information regarding the location stored in the area where the data can be rewritten.

[0175] To solve the above conventional problems, the table game management system of the present invention includes game substitute currencies each attached with an individually identifiable RFID, a game table for playing a game using the game substitute currency, a game recording device that records, as an image, the game substitute currency wagered by each game participant in the game played on the game table via a camera, an image analysis device that analyzes the image of the recorded game substitute currency, a chip reading device that reads the RFID attached to the game substitute currency wagered by each game participant, and a control device that grasps the image analysis result of the image analysis device and the reading result of the chip reading device. The game table includes a plurality of bet areas including at least a player bet area and a banker bet area for each sitting number. The chip reading device reads the gaming substitute currency with the entire bet area as one reading area for each sitting number, or divides the whole into a plurality of reading areas fewer than the number of bet areas, and reads the gaming substitute currency for each reading area. Based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device, the control device independently grasps the type and number of the wagered gaming substitute currency for each bet area including at least the player's bet area and the banker's bet area, and determines whether the total amount or total number of the gaming substitute currency for each sitting number or each reading area based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device matches the total amount or total number of the gaming substitute currency for each sitting number or each reading area based on the reading result of the chip reading device, and is configured to be able to output the determination result.

[0176] Further, the control device may be configured to be able to output the sitting number with a discrepant determination result.

[0177] Further, when the total amount or total number of the gaming substitute currency for each sitting number based on the reading result of the chip reading device is less than the total amount or total number of the gaming substitute currency for each sitting number based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device, the control device may be configured to be able to generate a signal indicating that the RFID attached to the gaming substitute currency is broken or there may be no RFID attached to the gaming substitute currency.

[0178] Further, when the total amount or total number of the gaming substitute currency for each sitting number based on the reading result of the chip reading device is more than the total amount or total number of the gaming substitute currency for each sitting number based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device, the control device may be configured to be able to generate a signal indicating the possibility of a reading error of the gaming substitute currency by the image analysis device.

[0179] Furthermore, it may further include a database that stores the ID of the RFID attached to the gaming substitute currency. The control device may be configured to compare the ID of the RFID based on the reading result of the chip reader with the ID stored in the database, determine the authenticity of the gaming substitute currency, and output the determination result.

[0180] Furthermore, it may further include a chip tray that holds the gaming substitute currency used by the dealer on the gaming table, a chip tray determination device capable of grasping the types and quantities of the gaming substitute currency stored in the chip tray, and a game result determination device that determines the game results of each game on the gaming table. The control device has a calculation function of performing the calculation of the casino side's revenue and expenditure on the gaming table for each recovery and repayment of each game, using the game results obtained from the game result determination device and the measurement results of the position, amount, and quantity of the gaming substitute currency based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device. When the recovery of the losing chips bet by each game participant is completed, compare the amount of chips to be recovered in the game calculated from the position, type, and quantity of the chips bet by each game participant on the gaming table and the game result with the actual recovery amount in the chip tray, and determine whether there is an irregularity or mistake in the recovery of the gaming substitute currency by determining whether there is a difference between the amount to be recovered and the actual recovery amount. It may be provided with a repayment determination function of repaying the chips to be repaid, and when the repayment is completed, comparing the total amount that the chip tray should have based on the amount of chips to be repaid in the game calculated from the position, type, and quantity of the chips bet by each game participant on the gaming table and the game result with the actual total amount in the chip tray, and determining that there is an irregularity or mistake in the repayment if it is determined that there is a difference between the total amount that should be and the actual total amount.

[0181] Further, based on the RFID ID information of the collected gaming substitute currency determined by the chip tray determination device and the RFID ID information of the gaming substitute currency read by the chip reading device, the control device identifies the collected gaming substitute currency for each sitting number. The ID, amount, or number of the identified gaming substitute currency is compared with the ID, amount, or number of the gaming substitute currency to be collected for each sitting number determined using the game result obtained from the game result determination device and the measurement results of the position, amount, and number of the gaming substitute currency based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device, and it may be configured to determine whether they match for each sitting number.

[0182] Further, in each game, based on the RFID ID information of the gaming substitute currency read by the chip reading device, the control device determines the type classified by the use purpose or use objective of the gaming substitute currency, and may be configured to store the amount wagered for each type of the gaming substitute currency or the amount recovered or repaid for each sitting number.

[0183] Further, in a plurality of games, the control device may be configured to store the cumulative amount wagered for each type of the gaming substitute currency or the cumulative amount recovered or repaid for each sitting number.

[0184] Also, the type of the gaming substitute currency may be at least a cash chip, a rolling chip, or a promotion chip.

[0185] Further, the control device may be configured to identify the holder based on the ID information of the rolling chip and store the cumulative amount wagered by the rolling chip or the cumulative amount recovered or repaid for each holder.

[0186] Further, the chip reading device reads the gaming substitute currency for repayment placed on the chip reading device for each sitting number. The control device may be configured to compare the repayment amount determined using the game result obtained from the game result determination device and the measurement results of the position, amount, and number of substitute game tokens based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device, with the amount of the substitute game tokens placed for each sitting number based on the reading result of the chip reading device, and to determine whether the repayment amounts match or not, and be capable of outputting the result.

[0187] Further, when the determination result of the repayment amount does not match, the control device may display a non - match indication. Additionally, when there is a change in the amount of the substitute game tokens placed in the chip reading device for each sitting number read by the chip reading device, the control device may perform a re - determination and be capable of re - outputting whether they match or not.

[0188] Also, the control device may be configured to compare the amount of the substitute game tokens for repayment placed for each sitting number with the increase or decrease amount of the chip tray before and after repayment, and determine whether there is a difference.

[0189] Further, the chip reading device may be provided with a payment confirmation area arranged on the dealer side of the bet area where the substitute game tokens for repayment are placed.

[0190] Furthermore, it may further include a game participant identification means by a face recognition system or a player ID card. The control device may be configured to associate the sitting number with the information of the game participant identified by the game participant identification means.

[0191] Also, it may further include a display device that performs a display based on the output of the control device.

[0192] Also, the game table may further include a side bet bet area. The side bet bet area is provided adjacent to the bet area for each sitting number. The chip reading device can read at least one of the bet areas for side bets together. The control device grasps the type and number of the substitute game currency bet on at least one of the bet areas for side bets based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device, and determines whether the total amount or total number of the substitute game currency in at least one side bet area based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device matches the total amount or total number of the substitute game currency in the corresponding side bet area based on the reading result of the chip reading device, and may be configured to output a signal of the determination result.

[0193] Another embodiment of the present invention is a management system for table games, substitute game currency with individually identifiable RFID attached, a game table for playing a game using the substitute game currency, a game recording device that records, as an image via a camera, the substitute game currency bet by each game participant in the game played on the game table, an image analysis device that analyzes the image of the recorded substitute game currency, a chip reading device that reads the RFID attached to the substitute game currency bet by each game participant, and a control device that grasps the image analysis result of the image analysis device and the reading result of the chip reading device. The game table includes a bet area composed of a bet area for players, a bet area for the banker, and a bet area for side bets. In the bet area for side bets, the bet areas for each sitting number are provided adjacent to each other. The chip reading device can read at least one of the bet areas for side bets together. Based on the image analysis result by the said image analysis device, the said control device independently grasps the type and number of the game substitute currency wagered for the at least one side bet bed area, and determines whether the total amount or total number of the game substitute currency in the at least one side bet bed area based on the image analysis result by the said image analysis device matches the total amount or total number of the game substitute currency of the said side bet based on the reading result of the said chip reading device, and is configured to be able to output a signal of the determination result.

[0194] Also, the said control device may be configured to be able to output the side bet with the inconsistent determination result.

[0195] Also, when the total amount or total number of the game substitute currency for each side bet based on the reading result of the said chip reading device is less than the total amount or total number of the game substitute currency for each side bet based on the image analysis result by the said image analysis device, the said control device may be configured to be able to generate a signal indicating that the RFID attached to the game substitute currency is broken or there may be no RFID attached to the game substitute currency.

[0196] Also, when the total amount or total number of the game substitute currency for each side bet based on the reading result of the said chip reading device is more than the total amount or total number of the game substitute currency for each side bet based on the image analysis result by the said image analysis device, the said control device may be configured to be able to generate a signal indicating the possibility of a reading error of the game substitute currency by the said image analysis device.

[0197] Also, it further includes a database storing the ID of the RFID attached to the game substitute currency. The said control device may be configured to collate the ID of the RFID based on the reading result of the said chip reading device with the ID stored in the said database and determine the authenticity of the said game substitute currency.

[0198] Further, the control device identifies the game substitute currency collected for each side bet based on the RFID ID information of the collected game substitute currency determined by the chip tray determination device and the RFID ID information of the game substitute currency read by the chip reading device, and uses the game result obtained from the game result determination device and the measurement results of the position, amount, and number of game substitute currency based on the image analysis result by the image analysis device to determine the ID or amount or number to be collected for each side bet, and compares the ID or amount or number of the game substitute currency collected for each side bet with the ID or amount or number of the game substitute currency collected for each side bet, and may be configured to determine whether the collected amounts match or not for each side bet.

[0199] (Fourth Embodiment) Hereinafter, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described.

[0200] (First Example) FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the configuration of a management system according to a first example of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. In the management system 110, the holder of the game substitute currency is traced without using a database. For this purpose, the information of the holder is stored in the game substitute currency. The management system 110 includes a substantially elliptical game table 4004. A player 82 is located on one side (the lower side in FIG. 23) of the game table 4004, and a dealer (not shown) is located on the opposite side. On the upper surface of the game table 4004, bet areas 41a to 41e (hereinafter, collectively referred to as "bet area 41") are partitioned for each of a plurality of play positions. The bet area 41 is an area where the player 82 places the game substitute currency 83 to make a bet. On the dealer position side of the game table 4004, a chip tray 12 for placing the dealer's game substitute currency 82 is provided.

[0201] The gaming substitute currency 83 has the same configuration as the gaming substitute currency in the above-described embodiment. That is, an RFID tag 2 having a non-rewritable area 21 for storing fixed information 3 and a rewritable area 22 for storing variable information 4 is embedded in the gaming substitute currency 83. The RFID tag 2 stores, as unique information 3, a chip ID (identification information) that uniquely identifies the gaming substitute currency 83. Further, the RFID tag 2 stores, as variable information 4, a user ID that uniquely identifies the holder of the gaming substitute currency 83.

[0202] Note that a common user ID is assigned to the casino or the dealer. When the gaming substitute currency 83 is owned by the casino (including the case where it is stored in the chip tray 12), the user ID indicating the casino or the dealer is stored in the variable information 4.

[0203] RFID antennas 511a to 511e (hereinafter, collectively referred to as "RFID antenna 511") are provided in each of the bet areas 41a to 41e of the gaming table 4004. Specifically, the RFID antenna 511 is embedded under the felt of the gaming table 4004 at the position where the corresponding bet area 41 is partitioned. An RFID antenna 513 is also provided in the chip tray 12.

[0204] The RFID antenna 511 reads and writes data to and from the RFID tag 2 embedded in the gaming substitute currency 83 placed in the corresponding bet area 41. The RFID antenna 513 reads and writes to and from the RFID tag 2 embedded in the gaming substitute currency 83 placed in the chip tray 12.

[0205] The RFID antennas 511a to 511e and the RFID antenna 513 are connected to the RF control device 54. In FIG. 23, only the line connecting the antenna 511e and the RF control device 54 is shown, and the lines connecting the antennas 511a to 511d and the RF control device 54 are omitted for the sake of clarity of the drawing. However, the antennas 511a to 511d are also connected to the RF control device 54 in the same manner as the antenna 511e. The same applies to the following drawings. The RF control device 54 controls reading and writing for each antenna. The RF control device 54 controls reading and writing by distinguishing each antenna. For this purpose, each antenna is assigned an area ID that uniquely identifies the area where reading and writing are performed by the antenna. Also, when performing reading, the RF control device 54 performs reading periodically.

[0206] By referring to this area ID, it is possible to identify whether the read gaming substitute currency 83 is in the chip tray 12 or in the bet area 41. For the bet area 41, it is also possible to identify which of the bet areas 41a to 41e of the play positions it is.

[0207] When performing reading, the RF control device 54 receives the data read by the antenna from each antenna and identifies the area ID, that is, the area where the data was read. Also, when performing writing, the RF control device 54 identifies the antenna for writing, that is, the area ID, and transmits the data to be written. Thereby, the RF control device 54 can control reading and writing individually for each antenna.

[0208] The RF control device 54 outputs the user ID of the gaming substitute currency 83 (the "User ID" in FIG. 23) and the area ID of the area where the user ID was read (the "Area ID" in FIG. 23) based on the data read by each antenna. The management system 110 further includes a management control device 56 connected to the RF control device 54. The management control device 56 receives the user ID and the area ID from the RF control device 54 and designates the user ID to be written to the RFID tag 2 for the RF control device 54.

[0209] Note that, as described below, the user ID stored in the RFID tag 2 of the gaming substitute currency 83 is changed when the gaming substitute currency 83 moves. However, in the RFID tag 2, as the change information 4, in addition to the latest user ID, past user IDs are also stored. Therefore, by referring to this change information 4, it is possible to investigate the change of the holder for each gaming substitute currency 83. Also, in the following description, expressions such as "rewrite the user ID" mean changing at least the latest user ID, and do not necessarily mean erasing the information of the past user ID at the same time.

[0210] The management control device 56 updates the change information 4 of the gaming substitute currency 83 based on the data (user ID and area ID) of the gaming substitute currency 83 received from the RF control device 54. Hereinafter, the method of updating the change information 4 will be described.

[0211] FIGS. 24 to 26 are diagrams for explaining an example of updating the change information. As shown in FIG. 24, the player bets the gaming substitute currency 831 in the bet area 41b. The management control device 56 is input with the user ID of the bet chip 831 and the area ID of the bet area 41b obtained by reading the RFID tag 2 of the gaming substitute currency (hereinafter also referred to as the "bet chip 831") that the player has bet in the bet area.

[0212] At the stage of placing the bet, as shown in FIG. 24, the same user ID (in the example of FIG. 24, "P1") is read from the bet area 41b, and the same ID (in the example of FIG. 24, "D" indicating that the holder is a casino or dealer) is also read from the chip tray 12. When this player wins the game, as shown in FIG. 25, the dealer pays out (repays) the gaming substitute currency (hereinafter also referred to as "payout chip 832") from the chip tray 12 and places it next to the bet chip 831 in the bet area 41b.

[0213] Then, in addition to "P1", "D" will be read as the user ID from the bet area 41b. When the user IDs of the gaming substitute currency 83 read from the same bet area 41 are of two types, and one of them is "D" and the other is the user ID assigned to the player, the management control device 56 controls the RF control device 54 to rewrite the user IDs of all the gaming substitute currency 83 in the bet area 41 to the user ID assigned to the player (in the case of FIG. 25, "P1"). In this case, the same "P1" will be added as the latest user ID to the bet chip 831 where "P1" was stored as the user ID.

[0214] On the other hand, when the player loses the game, as shown in FIG. 26, the dealer collects the bet chip 831 into the chip tray 12. Then, in addition to "D", "P1" will be read as the user ID from the chip tray 12. When there is a user ID assigned to the player (in the example of FIG. 26, "P1") other than "D" in the user IDs of the gaming substitute currency 83 read from the chip tray 12, the management control device 56 rewrites the user IDs of all the gaming substitute currency 83 in the chip tray 12 to "D".

[0215] In addition, a collection float for temporarily storing the gaming tokens 83 collected in the chip tray 12 may be provided, and the antenna may be divided between the collection float and other parts, and the above processing may be performed only on the gaming tokens 83 collected in the collection float.

[0216] By the above processing of the management control device 56, the user ID stored in the gaming token 83 is updated according to the change of the actual holder. That is, in the present embodiment, the user ID is stored in the RFID tag 2 of the gaming token 83, and for the payout chip 832, the user ID is updated so that the holder is the same as the holder of the bet chip 831. Therefore, without using the database or player identification system described later, and without the management control device 56 grasping the progress of the game (betting stage, game stage, settlement stage), it is possible to trace the change of the holder due to the game performed on the gaming table 4004.

[0217] When a player newly purchases a gaming token 83, the player is identified using the player identification system described later, and the user ID of the casino or dealer is rewritten to the user ID of the identified player, and then the gaming token 83 is handed over to the player. Also, when a player exchanges a gaming token 83 for money, the user ID of the gaming token 83 handed over from the player is rewritten to the user ID of the casino or dealer.

[0218] (Second example) FIG. 27 is a diagram showing the configuration of the management system according to the second example of the fourth embodiment. The management system 120 includes a player identification system in addition to the configuration of the management system 110 of the first example. The player identification system includes an image recognition system composed of a camera 52 and an image recognition device 55, and a card authentication system composed of a card 81 and a card reader 53, but either one may be used.

[0219] The camera 52 captures the face of the player 82 located in the play position and outputs the image generated by the capture to the image recognition device 55. The image recognition device 55 is equipped with a face recognition engine based on a neural network that has learned the face images of a plurality of players 82 registered in advance (hereinafter, the registered players are also referred to as "members"). The image recognition device 55 inputs the image from the camera 52 into the neural network to identify which member's face image the input face image is. Note that when the image recognition device 55 determines that the image from the camera 52 is not the face of any registered member, it outputs a result indicating that the face image is a non-member's face image.

[0220] In addition, the image recognition device 55 identifies the play position of the member based on the position in the image where the face is authenticated. The image recognition device 55 outputs the area ID (the "Area ID" in FIG. 27) of the identified play position together with the user ID (the "User ID" in FIG. 27) of the member corresponding to the image from the camera 52. Note that when the image recognition device 55 cannot identify which member it is, it outputs "Unknown" as the user ID.

[0221] The card reader 53 scans the members card 81 handed from the player 82 to the dealer and reads the information stored in the members card 81. The members card 81 is a magnetic card with a magnetic stripe formed thereon, and at least the user ID of the player 82 (member) is stored on the magnetic stripe. When the dealer receives the members card 81 from the player 82, the dealer scans the members card 81 using the card reader 53 and inputs the play position of the player 82 into the card reader 53. The card reader 53 outputs the user ID (the "User ID" in FIG. 27) read from the members card 81 and the area ID (the "Area ID" in FIG. 27) of the play position input by the dealer.

[0222] The management control device 56 receives the user ID and area ID stored in the gaming substitute currency 83 and read using the antenna 511 from the RF control device 54, the user ID and area ID identified based on the player's face image from the image recognition device 55, and the user ID obtained by reading the members card 81 from the card reader 53 and the area ID designated by the dealer.

[0223] For the same area ID, if the user ID read from the antenna 511, that is, the user ID stored as the holder of the gaming substitute currency 83 bet in the bet area 41, does not match the user ID read from the members card 81 or the user ID identified by the image recognition device 55, that is, the player identified by the player identification system, the management control device 56 controls the RF control device 54 to rewrite the user ID stored as the holder in the variable area 4 of the gaming substitute currency 83 bet in the bet area 41 to the user ID of the player identified by the player identification system.

[0224] The RF control device 54 writes the user ID of the player identified by the player identification system into the rewritable area 22 of the RFID tag 2 of the gaming substitute currency 83 placed in the bet area 41 using the antenna 511. At this time, the RF control device 54 also records in the writable area 22 that the user ID as the holder information has been rewritten due to the mismatch of the user ID. Thereby, when the casino or the dealer acquires this gaming substitute currency 83, by referring to the history of the change of the holder, it is possible to know that there was a mismatch of the holder, and it is also possible to identify the player involved in such a mismatch.

[0225] In the player identification system, only one of the following two methods may be used to identify a player: identifying the player by the face recognition system or identifying the player by reading the membership card 81. That is, when a registered member arrives at the playing position, it is not always necessary to identify the player by using the membership card 81. In this case, the player is identified only by the face recognition system. Also, even when the player's face cannot be captured well and face authentication fails, the player may be identified by the membership card 81.

[0226] Furthermore, it is also possible that the player is identified by both face authentication and the membership card 81. In this case, the user ID of the player identified by face authentication may be different from the user ID of the player identified by the membership card 81. If either one of these user IDs matches the user ID read from the gaming substitute currency 83, the management control device 56 controls the RF control device 54 to record, in the writable area 22 of the gaming substitute currency 83, the user ID that does not match the user ID read from the gaming substitute currency 83, along with a notice that there is a discrepancy in the player identification by the player identification system.

[0227] Also in this example, as in the first example, the user ID stored in the gaming substitute currency 83 is updated according to the actual holder. Further, in this example, when the user ID of the player identified by the player identification system does not match the user ID stored in the gaming substitute currency 83, the discrepancy is corrected and the fact that such a discrepancy has occurred is recorded in the gaming substitute currency 83. Therefore, by referring to this record in the gaming substitute currency 83, it is possible to know that there has been an exchange of the gaming substitute currency 83 between players and to identify the players involved.

[0228] When cashing in the substitute gaming currency 83, by using the same player identification system as described above, if the user ID of the player (the user attempting to cash in) identified by face authentication or the membership card 81 is different from the user ID stored in the substitute gaming currency 83 to be cashed in, an alarm to that effect may be output and the operator may be prevented from authorizing the cashing in.

[0229] (Third Example) FIG. 28 is a diagram showing the configuration of the management system according to the third example of the fourth embodiment. The management system 130 includes a database 57 in addition to the configuration of the management system 110 of the first example. In the database 57, a chip ID (「Chip ID」 in FIG. 28) that uniquely identifies the substitute gaming currency 83 and the user ID of the player who holds the substitute gaming currency 83 are stored in association with each other. As described above, although the substitute gaming currency 83 is purchased, used in a game, and cashed in, resulting in a change of the holder, the database 57 records the history of past holders. Therefore, by referring to the database 57, it is possible to know the change of the holder for each substitute gaming currency 83.

[0230] In this example, the substitute gaming currency 83 only needs to have the write-protected area 21 and does not need to have the writable area 22. That is, it is sufficient if at least the chip ID is stored in the substitute gaming currency 83. Further, the RF control device 54 may not have a writing function and may be an RF reader having only a reading function.

[0231] The management control device 56 updates the database 57 based on the data (chip ID and area ID) of the substitute gaming currency 83 received from the RF control device 54. Hereinafter, the method of updating the database 57 will be described.

[0232] Figs. 29 to 31 are diagrams for explaining an example of updating the database 57. As shown in Fig. 29, the player bets game substitute currency 831 in the bet area 41b. The management control device 56 is input with the chip ID of the bet chip 831 and the area ID of the bet area 41b obtained by reading the RFID tag 2 of the bet chip 831 that the player has bet in the bet area 41b.

[0233] At the stage of betting, as shown in Fig. 29, "C00001" to "C00005" are read as chip IDs from the bet area 41b, and "C20001" to "C20100" are read as chip IDs from the chip tray 12. Then, the RF control device 54 outputs to the management control device 56 a set of the chip ID read by the antennas 511 and 513 and the area ID corresponding to the antennas 511 and 513. In the example of Fig. 29, in the RF control device 54, combinations of the chip IDs "C00001" to "C00005" and the area ID "Area 2", and combinations of the chip IDs "C20001" to "C20100" and the area ID "Area T" (the area ID representing the chip tray 12) are obtained and output to the management control device 56.

[0234] When this player wins the game, as shown in Fig. 30, the payout chip 832 is paid out (repaid) from the chip tray 12 by the dealer and placed next to the bet chip 831 in the bet area 41b. Then, in the RF control device 54, combinations of the chip IDs "C00001" to "C00005" and "C20001" to "C20005" and the area ID "Area 2", and combinations of the chip IDs "C20006" to "C20100" and the area ID "Area T" are obtained and output to the management control device 56.

[0235] The management control device 56 refers to the database 57 for all the read chip IDs to obtain the user ID associated with the chip ID. Then, the management control device 56 refers to the combination of the chip ID and the area ID obtained from the RF control device 54, and if the user IDs are different for a plurality of chip IDs associated with the same area ID, it updates the database 57 so that those user IDs become the same user ID.

[0236] Specifically, when there are a player's user ID and a casino or dealer's user ID as the user IDs of a plurality of gaming tokens 83 read with the area ID of the same bet area 41, the management control device 56 rewrites the casino or dealer's user ID to the player's user ID to unify the user IDs of the chip IDs that are paired with the same area ID.

[0237] On the other hand, when the player loses the game, as shown in FIG. 31, the bet chip 831 is collected by the dealer into the chip tray 12. Then, from the chip tray 12, in addition to "C20001" to "C20100", "C00001" to "C00005" will be read as the chip ID. The RF control device 54 obtains the combination of this chip ID "C20001" to "C20100" and "C00001" to "C00005" and the area ID "Area T" of the chip tray 12, and outputs this to the management control device 56.

[0238] The management control device 56 refers to the database 57 for all the read chip IDs to obtain the user ID associated with the chip ID. Then, the management control device 56 refers to the combination of the chip ID and the area ID obtained from the RF control device 54, and if the user IDs are different for a plurality of chip IDs that are paired with the same area ID, it updates the database 57 so that those user IDs become the same user ID.

[0239] Specifically, when there are a player's user ID and a casino or dealer's user ID as the user IDs of a plurality of gaming substitute coins 83 read by the area ID of the chip tray 12, the management control device 56 rewrites the player's user ID to the casino or dealer's user ID, thereby setting the user IDs of all chip IDs associated with the area ID of the chip tray 12 to the casino or dealer's user ID.

[0240] By the above processing of the management control device 56, the user ID stored in the database 57 is updated according to the actual holder. That is, in the present embodiment, for the gaming substitute coins 83 associated with different user IDs in the same area, the database 57 is rewritten so as to unify them to one of the user IDs according to the area. Therefore, without using the above-described player identification system and without the management control device 56 grasping the progress of the game (betting stage, game stage, settlement stage), it is possible to trace the change of the holder due to the game conducted on the gaming table 4004.

[0241] Also, in the above example, the management control device 56 determines that the payout chip 831 is a payout chip 831 based on the fact that it is read in the bet area 41 and the user ID is set to "D" in the database 57, and rewrites its user ID to the player's user ID. Instead of this, the chip ID of the payout chip 832 may be specified based on the difference in the chip IDs read from the chip tray 12 before and after the payout.

[0242] For example, in the examples of FIGS. 29 and 30, before the payout, as shown in FIG. 29, chip IDs "C20001" to "C20100" are read from the chip tray 12, whereas after the payout, as shown in FIG. 30, chip IDs "C20006" to "C20100" are read from the chip tray 12. Therefore, the management control device 56 can determine from this difference that the chip IDs "C20001" to "C20005" have been paid out.

[0243] (Fourth Example) FIG. 32 is a diagram showing the configuration of the management system of the fourth example of the fourth embodiment. In addition to the configuration of the management system 110 of the first example, the management system 140 includes a player identification system, a database 57, and a card distribution device (electronic shoe) 4003. Further, on the dealer side from the bet area 41 of each play position on the gaming table 4004, pay areas 42a to 42e (hereinafter, collectively referred to as "pay area 42") are provided. In addition, antennas 512a to 512e (hereinafter, collectively referred to as "antenna 512") are provided corresponding to the respective areas in the pay areas 42a to 42e.

[0244] When the dealer pays out (repays) the gaming substitute currency 83 to the player 82 who has won the game, the dealer places the gaming substitute currency 83 taken out from the chip tray 12 in the pay area 42 of the winning player 82 and then places it in the bet area 41 of that player 82.

[0245] The camera 52 in this example also captures the bet chips 831 bet in the bet area 41 in addition to the player 82. Further, the image recognition device 55 performs image recognition processing not only on the face of the player but also on the bet chips 831 in the bet area 41, recognizes on which bet target (player, banker, tie, player pair, banker pair, etc.) in the bet area 41 the bet chips 831 in each bet area 41 are bet, and outputs the recognition result as the bet content ("Betting" in FIG. 32).

[0246] Note that the camera for capturing the face of the player 82 and the camera for capturing the bet chips 831 may be separate cameras. Also, the image recognition device for identifying the player based on the image of the player's face and the image recognition device for recognizing the bet content based on the image of the bet chips 831 may be separate devices.

[0247] In this example, the card dispenser 4003 determines the progress status of the game (i.e., any one of in-betting, in-game, and in-settlement) and outputs it to the RF control device 54. When the first card is drawn, the card dispenser 4003 determines that the game has started, and according to the baccarat game rules, based on the reading result of the drawn card, it determines that the game has ended. Also, when the game start button is pressed, the card dispenser 4003 determines that the settlement has ended and the betting has started.

[0248] Also, the card dispenser 4003 reads at least the rank of the drawn card, and according to the baccarat game rules, determines game results such as player win, banker win, tie, player pair, banker pair, etc.

[0249] Based on the bet content obtained from the image recognition device 55 and the game result obtained from the card dispenser 4003, the management control device 56 determines which play position receives the payout. Further, since the management control device 56 also acquires the player's user ID for each play position from the image recognition device 55 and the card reader 53, it also determines which player receives the payout based on this information.

[0250] When the game progress status received from the card dispenser 4003 is in settlement, the RF control device 54 activates the antenna 512 in the pay area 42 to read and write to the RFID tag of the gaming substitute currency 83.

[0251] When the user ID associated with the chip ID of the payout chip 832 read in the pay area 42 is the user ID of the casino or the dealer with reference to the database 57, the management control device 56 rewrites that user ID with the user ID associated with the chip ID of the bet chip 831 placed in the corresponding bet area 41 at that time.

[0252] Note that when the dealer collects the bet chips 831 of the losing player, the antenna 512 in the pay area 42 may read the chip ID of the bet chip 831. In this case, since the chip ID read in the pay area 42 will match the chip ID read in the corresponding bet area 41 immediately before it, it is thus determined that the chip ID has been read in the pay area 42 during collection, and in this case, the user ID of the gaming substitute currency 83 read in the pay area 42 is not rewritten.

[0253] Note that in this example, the management system 140 has been described as including a player identification system, a database 57, and a card dispenser (electronic shoe) 4003. However, similar to the first example, in a management system that does not include a player identification system, a database 57, and a card dispenser (electronic shoe) 4003, an antenna 512 corresponding to the pay area 42 may be provided in the same manner as in this example to update the user ID.

[0254] In the management system 140 of this example, a pay area 42 is provided and is distinguished from the bet area 41. By reading and writing the RFID tag of the gaming substitute currency 83, the reading and writing of the payout chip 832 paid out from the chip tray 12 can be performed at high speed. That is, as in the first to third examples above, if the same antenna 512 as that of the bet chip 831 is used for reading and writing the payout chip 832, it is necessary to read and write the bet chip 831 for reading and writing the payout chip 832, which takes time. In the payout area 42, however, it is only necessary to read and write the payout chip 832, so the reading and writing can be performed in a relatively short time and will not cause a major obstacle to the game operation.

[0255] (Fifth example) FIG. 33 is a diagram showing the configuration of a management system according to a fifth example of the fourth embodiment. The management system 150 has the same configuration as the management system 140 of the fourth example shown in FIG. 32. That is, the management system 150 includes a player identification system, a database 57, and a card dispensing device (electronic shoe) 4003 in addition to the configuration of the management system 110 of the first example.

[0256] The camera 52 in this example also captures the bet chips 831 bet in the bet area 41 in addition to the player 82. Further, the image recognition device 55 performs image recognition processing not only on the face of the player but also on the bet chips 831 in the bet area 41, and recognizes on which bet target (player, banker, tie, player pair, banker pair, etc.) in the bet area 41 the bet chips 831 in each bet area 41 are placed, and outputs the recognition result as the bet content ("Betting" in FIG. 32).

[0257] Note that the camera that captures the face of the player 82 and the camera that captures the bet chips 831 may be separate cameras. Also, the image recognition device that identifies the player based on the image of the player's face and the image recognition device that recognizes the bet content based on the image of the bet chips 831 may be separate devices.

[0258] The card dispensing device 4003 determines the game result including the player's win, the banker's win, tie, player pair, banker pair, etc. according to the rules of the baccarat game by reading at least the rank of the cards drawn in order.

[0259] The management control device 56 determines which play position receives a payout (repayment) based on the bet content obtained from the image recognition device 55 and the game result obtained from the card dispensing device 4003. The management control device 56 further obtains the user ID of the player for each play position from the image recognition device 55 or the card reader 53, and also determines which player receives a payout (repayment) based on this information.

[0260] The management control device 56 receives, from the RF control device 54, for each bed area 41, a set of the area ID of the bed area 41 and the chip ID of the bed chip 831 read in the bed area 41. As described above, since the management control device 56 determines which play position receives the payout, it refers to the database 57 to obtain the user ID associated with the chip ID read at the play position that receives the payout, and updates the user ID associated with the chip ID of the payout chip 832 to be paid out with the obtained user ID.

[0261] Note that the management control device 56 recognizes the chip ID that has disappeared from the chip tray 12 before and after the payout as the chip ID of the payout chip 832. Also, when there are a plurality of players who receive the payout, the dealer makes the payouts in order from one end in a predetermined direction (for example, makes the payouts in order from the right - hand - side end to the left - hand - side end of the dealer). Thereby, even when there are a plurality of players who receive the payout, it is possible to determine for which play position or player the payout chip 832 taken out from the chip tray 12 was taken out.

[0262] Also, since the management control device 56 can determine the play position of the losing player, it updates the database 57 so that the user ID associated with the chip ID read from the bed area 41 of the play position is set to "D" representing the casino or the dealer.

[0263] As described above, in this example, by grasping the bed content and the game result, the management control device 56 can determine which player or bet chip 831 at the play position is paid out and which player or bet chip 831 at the play position is collected, and can also specify the chip IDs of those bet chips 831 and payout chips 832. Therefore, in the database 57, it is possible to change the user ID associated with which chip ID and to determine which user ID should be changed. As a result, it is possible to trace the holder of the game substitute currency 83.

[0264] (Sixth example) FIG. 34 is a diagram showing the configuration of the management system according to the sixth example of the fourth embodiment. The management system 160 has the same configuration as that of the second example. In baccarat, as described above, a plurality of play positions are provided on the game table 4004, and a bet area 41 is provided for each play position at a position corresponding to each play position on the game table 4004. In principle, one player plays at one play position.

[0265] However, when all the play positions are occupied, a player (back bet player) who bets on the bet area 41 assigned to the sitting player appears behind the player (sitting player) playing at the play position, and such bets are allowed in some casinos or game tables 4004. With back betting, a plurality of game substitute currencies 83 with different user IDs are bet on the same bet area. The management system 160 in this example enables tracing of the holder of the game substitute currency 83 even in such a case.

[0266] In the management system 160 of this example, similar to the second example, the user ID of the game substitute currency 83 is stored in the rewritable area 22 of the RFID tag 2 of the game substitute currency 83, and no database is used. However, it has a player identification system for identifying players.

[0267] In the example of FIG. 35, a bed chip 831a with a user ID of "P1" and a bed chip 831b with a user ID of "P2" are bedded in the same bed area 41b. At this time, from the bed area 41b, "P1" and "P2" are read as the user IDs of the game substitute currency 83.

[0268] FIGS. 36 to 38 are diagrams for explaining an example of a payout when both players win the game. First, as shown in FIG. 35, a payout is made to the player 82a with the user ID "P1". At this time, the management system 160 cannot distinguish whether the payout is made to the player 82a with the user ID "P1" or the player 82b with the user ID "P2", and also cannot make the writing information different for a plurality of game substitute currencies 83 within one bet area 41. Therefore, the management control device 56 controls the RF control device 54 to rewrite the user ID to the selective information of "P1 or P2" for all the game substitute currencies 83 in the bet area 41b.

[0269] When the player 82a who has received the payout takes his own bed chip 831a and payout chip 832a from the bet area 41b, as shown in FIG. 37, a bed chip 831b with the user ID of "P1 or P2" remains in the bet area 41b. The dealer confirms that the player 82a has taken the game substitute currency 83 and pays out a payout chip 832b with the user ID of "D" to the bed chip 831b, as shown in FIG. 38. At this time, the management control device 56 controls the RF control device 54 to rewrite the user ID to "P1 or P2" for all the game substitute currencies 83 in the bet area 41.

[0270] As a result, the players 82a and 82b who bet in the same bet area 41 will both own the game substitute currency 83 in which "P1 or P2" is recorded as the user ID.

[0271] If these players 82a and 82b bet again on the same bet area 41 using their gaming substitute currency 83, then "P1 or P2" will be recorded as the user ID for any of the bet chips 831a and 831b. Alternatively, some of the bet chips may include gaming substitute currency 83 with the user ID being "P1" or "P2". Even in these cases, when making a payout according to the game result, the management control device 56 controls the RF control device 54 to selectively write "P1 or P2" as the user ID for all the gaming substitute currency 83 placed in the bet area 41 at the time of payout.

[0272] In addition, when a bet chip 831 with the user ID "P1 or P2" is collected into the chip tray 12, "D", representing the casino or the dealer, will be written as the user ID.

[0273] After that, when players 82a and 82b bet alone on the bet area 41 with gaming substitute currency 83 in which the user IDs of multiple users are selectively recorded, and the user ID of the player identified by the player identification system matches any of the user IDs in the options, the management control device 56 controls the RF control device 54 to rewrite the selective user ID of the gaming substitute currency 83 to the matching user ID.

[0274] For example, when player 82a bets alone on the bet area 41 with gaming substitute currency 83 in which "P1 or P2" is recorded as the user ID, the user ID "P1 or P2" is read from the bet chip 831 in the bet area 41 by the RF control device 54, and the player identification system recognizes that the user ID of the player betting on the bet area 41 is "P1". In this case, since the user ID "P1" matches, the management control device 56 controls the RF control device 54 to rewrite the user ID of the bet chip 831 in the bet area 41 to "P1".

[0275] On the other hand, when a player who owns the gaming substitute currency 83 in which the user ID is selectively recorded bets, if a player having a user ID not available as an option bets in the same bet area 41 and receives a payout according to the result of the game, the user ID of the gaming substitute currency 83 is selectively written so as to also include the player's user ID as an option.

[0276] For example, when player 82a bets the gaming substitute currency 83 in which "P1 or P2" is recorded as the user ID in the bet area 41, and another player bets the gaming substitute currency 83 in which "P3" is recorded as the user ID in the same bet area 41, when making a payout according to the result of the game, the management control device 56 controls the RF control device 54 to rewrite the user ID of all the gaming substitute currencies 83 including the payout chip in the bet area 41 to "P1 or P2 or P3".

[0277] As described above, in this example, by allowing selective recording as the user ID, it is possible to trace the holder even when a plurality of players bet in the same bet area. Furthermore, by using the player identification system, it is also possible to definitely rewrite the selectively recorded user ID.

[0278] In addition, when a plurality of players have bet in the same bet area 41, some players win and some players lose, the bet chips of the losing players are collected first. For the collected bet chips, when read by the chip tray 12, "D" is recorded as the user ID, and the above processing may be performed on the bet chips that receive the payout of the payout chip 832 and the payout chips paid out therefor.

[0279] (The 7th example) FIG. 39 is a diagram showing the configuration of the management system of the seventh example of the fourth embodiment. The management system 170 has the same configuration as the management system 130 of the third example. Also in the management system 170, when a plurality of players bet on the same bet area 41, it is possible to trace the holders of the gaming substitute currency 83.

[0280] FIGS. 40 to 44 are diagrams for explaining an example of updating the database 57. When player 82a bets bet chip 831a on bet area 41b and player 82b bets bet chip 831b on the same bet area 41b, as shown in FIG. 40, in the RF control device 54, from this bet area 41b, as user IDs, the chip IDs "C00001" to "C00005" of bet chip 831a and the chip IDs "C10001" to "C10005" of bet chip 831b are read out and output to the management control device 56 as a combination with the area ID "Area 2" of the bet area 41. Also, from the chip tray 12, chip IDs "C20001" to "C20100" are read out, and in the management control device 56, a combination with the area ID "Arrea T" of the chip tray 12 is obtained.

[0281] As shown in FIG. 40, at this point, in the database 57, the user ID "P1" is associated with the chip IDs "C00001" to "C00005", the user ID "P2" is associated with the chip IDs "C10001" to "C10005", and the user ID "D" is associated with the chip IDs "C20001" to "C20100".

[0282] If as a result of the game, both players 82a and 82b win, then as shown in FIG. 41, the dealer first pays out to either the bet chip 831a or the bet chip 831b. At this time, from the bet area 41b, in addition to the chip IDs "C00001" to "C00005" of the bet chip 831a and the chip IDs "C10001" to "C10005" of the bet chip 831b, the chip IDs "C20001" to "C20005" of the payout chip 832a are read, and are output to the management control device 56 as a combination with the area ID "Area 2" of the bet area 41.

[0283] At this stage, since the management control device 56 cannot yet determine whether the payout chip 832a has been paid out to the bet chip 831a with the chip IDs "C00001" to "C00005" or to the bet chip 831b with the chip IDs "C10001" to "C10005", the database 57 is not updated.

[0284] Next, when player 82a takes the bet chip 831a and the payout chip 832a paid out for it from the bet area 41b, as shown in FIG. 41, only the chip IDs "C10001" to "C10005" of the remaining bet chip 831b are read from the bet area 41b. Based on this change, the management control device 56 determines that the payout chip 832a with the chip IDs "C20001" to "C20005" read in the bet area 41b has been paid out to the bet chip 831a with the chip IDs "C00001" to "C00005", and rewrites the user ID associated with the chip IDs "C20001" to "C20005" in the database 57 from "D" to "P1", that is, to the user ID associated with the bet chip 831a that was removed from the bet area 41b together with the payout chip 832a with the chip IDs "C20001" to "C20005".

[0285] The dealer confirms that the bet chip 831a and the payout chip 832a paid out therefor are removed from the bet area 41b, and as shown in FIG. 43, pays out the payout chip 832b for the bet chip 831b to the same bet area 41b. Then, from the bet area 41b, the chip IDs “C10001” to “C10005” of the bet chip 831b and the chip IDs “C20006” to “C20010” of the payout chip 832b are read and recorded in the management control device 56 in combination with the area ID “Area 2” of the bet area 41.

[0286] Thereafter, when the player 82b takes this bet chip 831b and payout chip 832b, as shown in FIG. 44, no chip ID is read from the bet area 41b, and only the chip IDs read from the chip tray 12 are input to the management control device 56. Based on this change, the management control device 56 determines that the payout chip 832b with the chip IDs “C20006” to “C20010” has been passed to the same player as the player with the chip IDs “C10001” to “C10005”, and updates the database 57 so that the user ID associated with the chip IDs “C20006” to “C20010” is the same as the user ID associated with the chip IDs “C10001” to “C10005”.

[0287] As described above, according to the management system 170 of this example, it is detected that the bet chip 831 and the payout chip 832 are removed from the bet area together, and the database 57 is updated so that the user ID of the payout chip 832 becomes the same as the user ID of the bet chip 831. Therefore, even when the game substitute currency 83 of a plurality of players is bet in the same bet area 41, by making payouts to those players in order, it is possible to grasp to which player the payout chip 832 has been paid out, update the database 57, and trace the holders of the game substitute currency.

[0288] (Eighth Example) FIG. 45 is a diagram showing the configuration of the management system of the eighth example of the fourth embodiment. The management system 180 has the same configuration as the management system 140 of the fourth example. However, in the management system 180, a player pair area 44, a tie area 45, and a banker pair area 46 are provided as bet areas on the gaming table 4004. In addition, antennas 514, 515, and 516 are provided on the gaming table 4004 corresponding to the player pair area 44, the tie area 45, and the banker pair area 46, respectively.

[0289] Each of these areas 44 to 46 is partitioned for each play position within the area. When a player bets on these areas 44 to 46, the player places a bet chip at a position (partition) corresponding to his / her own play position within these areas.

[0290] That is, the player pair area 44, the tie area 45, and the banker pair area 46 are shared bet areas shared by a plurality of players. In the example of FIG. 45, players 82a to 82c are participating in the game, and among them, players 82b and 82c have placed bet chips 831b and 831c in the tie area 45, respectively.

[0291] In the case of this example, for the shared bet areas 44 to 46, the trace of the holder of the gaming substitute currency 83 can be performed in the same manner as in the sixth example or the seventh example. Even when the management system 180 does not have the database 57, the trace of the holder of the gaming substitute currency 83 can be performed in the same manner as in the sixth example. Even when the management system 180 does not have a player identification system, the trace of the holder of the gaming substitute currency 83 can be performed for the shared bet area in the same manner as in the seventh example.

[0292] (Ninth Example) Figure 46 is a diagram showing the configuration of the management system of the ninth example of the fourth embodiment. The management system 190 includes a player identification system. In this example, the trace of the game substitute currency 83 is performed without using the database 57. Also, on the game table 4004, pay areas 42a to 42e and corresponding antennas 512a to 512e are provided. Further, in the fixed information 3 of the RFID tag 2 of the game substitute currency 83, information indicating the amount (value) of the game substitute currency 83 is stored, and in the variable information 4, the user ID of the holder is stored.

[0293] Note that in this example, the database 57 may be used. In that case, a chip ID is stored in the game substitute currency 83, and the amount (value) of the game substitute currency 83 and the user ID of the holder are stored in the database 57 in association with the chip ID.

[0294] As shown in FIG. 47, when the bet chips 831a (five chips with an amount of "100") of the player 82a and the bet chips 831b (two chips with an amount of "1000") of the player 82b are placed in the bet area 41b, five game substitute currencies 83 with an amount of "100" and a user ID of "P1" are read from this bet area 41b, and two game substitute currencies 83 with an amount of "1000" and a user ID of "P2" are read. These, together with the area ID of the bet area 41, which is "Area 2", are output to the management control device 56.

[0295] The management control device 56 detects the bet amount for each player by calculating the total value of the bet chips for each player for each bet area 41. In the case of FIG. 47, the management control device 56 detects that the bet amount of the user ID "P1" is "500" and the bet amount of the user ID "P2" is "2000".

[0296] If neither player 82a nor player 82b wins as a result of the game, the dealer pays out (reimburses) each of the bet chips 831a and 831b in turn. As shown in FIG. 48, first, when paying out the payout chip 832a for the bet chip 831a, the dealer places the payout chip 832a in the pay area 42b.

[0297] At this time, the RF control device 54 reads the game substitute currency 83 in the pay area 42b, reads that there are five game substitute currencies 83 with a face value of "100", and outputs this to the management control device 56. The management control device 56 detects the payout amount by calculating the total amount of the payout chips 832a read in the pay area 42b.

[0298] The management control device 56 compares the payout amount of the payout chip 832a with the bet amount for each player in the bet area 41b, and identifies the player whose bet amount matches the payout amount. In the case of FIG. 48, five payout chips 832a with a face value of "100" are read from the pay area 42b, and it is detected that the payout amount is "500". The management control device 56 determines that this payout amount "500" matches the bet amount "500" of the bet chip 831a of the user ID "P1", and rewrites the user ID of the payout chip 832a to "P1".

[0299] After that, when player 82a takes the payout chip 832a and the bet chip 831a, as shown in FIG. 49, the bet chip 831b of player 82b remains in the bet area 41b. When the dealer places the payout chip 832b to be paid out for this bet chip 831b in the pay area 42b, the management control device 56 detects the payout amount of the payout chip 832b by calculating the total amount of this payout chip 832b.

[0300] The management control device 56 compares the payout amount of the payout chip 832b with the bet amount for each player in the bet area 41b to identify the player whose bet amount matches the payout amount. In the case of FIG. 49, two payout chips 832b with an amount of "1000" are read from the payout area 42b, and it is detected that the payout amount is "2000". The management control device 56 determines that this payout amount "2000" matches the bet amount "2000" of the bet chip 831b with the user ID "P2", and rewrites the user ID of the payout chip 832b to "P2".

[0301] As described above, in the management control system 190 of this example, even when multiple players are betting in the same bet area 41 and their bet amounts are different, based on the bet amount and the payout amount of the payout chip, it is determined which player the payout chip is being paid out to.

[0302] (Example 10) In the above Examples 1 to 9, when the player 82 is a non-member who is not registered as a member, since such a non-member is not assigned a user ID, the player 82 cannot be identified by the player identification system. Also, as described above, for the gaming substitute currency 83 owned by a non-member, since the RFID tag 2 or the database 57 cannot store a valid user ID, "Unknown" is recorded as the user ID.

[0303] When the management system pays out the payout chip 832 to a non-member player, the user ID of the payout chip 832 is set to "Unkown", and when the bet chip 831 is collected from a non-member player, the user ID of the bet chip 831 is set to "D".

[0304] When a dealer pays out in a case where a player who is a member and a player who is not a member bet in the same betting area 41, if both players win the game, the dealer may always pay out from the non-member or always pay out from the member under the following rules.

[0305] For example, when a rule of always paying out from the non-member first is applied, for the first paid-out payout chip 832, the management system rewrites its user ID to "Unknown", and for the later paid-out payout chips 832, using the above example, rewrites it to the user ID of the player who is a member.

[0306] Also, for example, when a rule of always paying out from the member first is applied, for the first paid-out payout chip 832, the management system rewrites its user ID to the user ID specified from the bet chip 831, and for the later paid-out payout chips 832, rewrites the user ID to "Unknown".

[0307] In addition, when the dealer identifies a player using a card authentication system, since the dealer scans the members card 81 himself / herself, he / she can grasp which player is a member. However, when identifying a player by a face recognition system, he / she cannot grasp which player is a member. Therefore, as a recognition result by the face recognition system, visual information indicating the play position or betting area where the user ID is recognized may be shown to the dealer on a monitor or the like.

[0308] (Example 11) FIG. 50 is a diagram showing an example of a betting area in the 11th example of the fourth embodiment. In this example, the betting area 41 for each play position is divided into a betting area 411 for members and a betting area 412 for non-members, and the antenna is also divided into an antenna 5111 for members and an antenna 5112 for non-members.

[0309] By controlling the RF control device 54, the management control device 56 rewrites the user ID of the gaming substitute currency 83 for the bet chips 831 bet in the bet area 411 for members in the same manner as in the first to ninth examples described above. For the betting chips 831 bet in the non-member bet area 412, the user IDs of all the payout chips 832 paid out therefor are rewritten to "Unknown".

[0310] According to this example, the user ID assigned to the player and the gaming substitute currency 83 stored in itself or in the database 57, and the gaming substitute currency 83 for which the user ID assigned to the player is not stored in itself or in the database 57 (the user ID is "Unknow") are not read mixedly, and the trace of the gaming substitute currency 83 for which the user ID assigned to the player is stored in itself or in the database 57 can be effectively performed.

[0311] FIGS. 51A and 51B are diagrams showing other examples of the bet area in the eleventh example of the fourth embodiment. In this example, the bet area 41 of each play position is selectively set to the member bet area 41 as shown in FIG. 51A or the non-member bet area 41 as shown in FIG. 51B.

[0312] In the vicinity of each bet area 41, a display unit 413 is provided that variably displays whether the bet area 41 is set for members or non-members. This display unit 413 is installed under the rashia of the gaming table 4004, and the display information can be visually recognized by the player through the rashia.

[0313] Note that the means for visually indicating whether each betting area 41 is set for members or non-members is not limited to the display unit 413 embedded under the felt of the gaming table 4004. For example, a monitor installed on the gaming table 4004 so as to be visible to the player may display whether each betting area 41 is set for members or non-members.

[0314] By controlling the RF control device 54, when the betting area 41 is set for members, the management control device 56 rewrites the user ID of the gaming substitute currency 83 for the betting chips 831 bet there in the same manner as in the first to ninth examples above. When the betting area 41 is set for non-members, for the betting chips 831 bet there, the management control device 56 rewrites all the user IDs of the payout chips 832 paid out therefor to "Unknown".

[0315] Also according to this example, the user ID assigned to the player and the gaming substitute currency 83 stored in the player himself or the database 57 and the gaming substitute currency 83 for which the user ID assigned to the player is not stored in the player himself or the database 57 (the user ID is "Unknow") are not read mixedly, and the trace of the gaming substitute currency 83 for which the user ID assigned to the player is stored in the player himself or the database 57 can be effectively performed.

[0316] (12th example) In the first to ninth examples above, even when the exchange of gaming substitute currencies 83 between the dealer and the player is performed on the gaming table 4003, it is possible to trace the holder of the gaming substitute currency 83. In this case, the management system includes a progress determination means for determining the progress of the game (that is, any one of during betting, during the game, and during settlement). As such progress determination means, the card distribution device 4003 can be used, but any other means may be used.

[0317] In the management system of this example, the management control device 56 controls the RF control device 54 in the bed to cause each antenna to perform periodic reading at predetermined time intervals. When the management control device 56 reads a gaming substitute currency 83 with a user ID of "D" in any of the bed areas 41 or any of the pay areas 42 (hereinafter referred to as the "reading area of the gaming table 4004") in the bed, and when the gaming substitute currency 83 with a user ID assigned to a member is read in the chip tray 12, it is determined that the conversion of the gaming substitute currency 83 is being performed.

[0318] This is because, in the operation of baccarat, during betting, it is impossible for the gaming substitute currency 83 to move from the chip tray 12 to above the gaming table 4003 other than for conversion, and it is also impossible for the player's gaming substitute currency 83 above the gaming table 4003 to move to the chip tray 12. When the game is in progress, such a movement of the gaming substitute currency 83 is an illegal act. Therefore, when the management control device 56 detects such a movement of the gaming substitute currency 83 during the game, it may output an alarm.

[0319] When the management control device 56 reads a gaming substitute currency 83 with a user ID that is the user ID assigned to a member or "Unknown" in the chip tray 12 during betting, it determines that the gaming substitute currency 83 is the gaming substitute currency 83 (pre-conversion chips) taken out from the player to the gaming table 4004 for conversion between chips.

[0320] Specifically, when a user ID is stored in the gaming substitute currency 83 itself, the management control device 56 determines that it is an exchange when the user ID or "Unknown" given to a member from the chip tray 12 is read during betting. When the user ID is stored in the database 57, the management control device 56 determines that an exchange is being made when the number of gaming substitute currencies 83 read from the chip tray 12 decreases during betting. Alternatively, when the user ID is stored in the database 57, the management control device 56 may determine that an exchange is being made when the number of gaming substitute currencies 83 read from the chip tray increases during betting.

[0321] In addition, when a gaming substitute currency 83 with a user ID of "D", indicating that it is held by a casino or dealer, is read in the reading area of the gaming table 4004 during betting, the management control device 56 determines that the gaming substitute currency 83 is the gaming substitute currency 83 (chip after exchange) given to the player corresponding to the chip before exchange.

[0322] Specifically, when a user ID is stored in the gaming substitute currency 83 situation, the management control device 56 determines that it is an exchange when the user ID "D" is read from the reading area of the gaming table 4004 during betting. When the user ID is stored in the database 57, the management control device 56 periodically reads the reading area of the gaming table 4004 during betting and refers to the database 57 for each reading to determine that a gaming substitute currency 83 with a user ID of "D" has been read from the reading area of the gaming table 4004.

[0323] The management control device 56 rewrites the user ID of the chip before exchange to "D" representing the casino or the dealer, and rewrites the user ID of the chip after exchange to the user ID of the chip before exchange. Specifically, when the user ID is stored in the RFID tag 2 of the gaming substitute currency 83, the management control device 56 controls the RF control device 54 to rewrite the user IDs stored in the corresponding chip before exchange and the chip after exchange. When the user ID is stored in the database 57 in association with the chip ID, the management control device 56 rewrites the user ID associated with the corresponding chip ID in the database 57.

[0324] Also, after identifying the chip before exchange and the chip after exchange, the management control device 56 controls the RF control device 54 so as to exchange their user IDs (when the user ID is stored in the gaming substitute currency 83), or may update the database 57 (when the user ID is stored in the database 57).

[0325] In the above embodiment, the members card 81 is a magnetic card, and the card reader 53 is a magnetic card reader that reads information from the magnetic stripe of the members card 81. Instead, an RFID tag may be embedded in the members card 81 and the user ID may be recorded in the RFID tag. In this case, as the card reader 53, an RFID reader including an antenna and the RF control device 54 is used. Also, such an antenna may be provided at each play position. In this case, the player can have the user ID read at each play position without handing over his or her members card 81 to the dealer. The user ID read from the members card 81 is transmitted to the RF control device 54 together with the information specifying the play position from each antenna. Further, the antenna 511 provided in the bet area 41 and the RF control device 54 may be used as an RFID reader for reading the members card 81. In this case, the player can have the user ID read by the antenna 511 by placing the members card 81 in the bet area 41 at his or her play position.

[0326] According to the first to eleventh examples of the fourth embodiment described above, the following techniques are disclosed. (A1) A management system for managing substitute game currency, a holder identification means for identifying the holder of the substitute game currency by referring to a storage means that stores the holder of the substitute game currency when the substitute game currency is used; a player identification means for identifying the player who used the substitute game currency when the substitute game currency is used; the control means stores the player identified by the player identification means as the holder in the storage means when the holder identified by the holder identification means does not match the player identified by the player identification means for the used substitute game currency.

[0327] (A2) The management system according to (A1), wherein the control means stores that there is a mismatch in the storage means when the holder identified by the holder identification means does not match the player identified by the player identification means for the used substitute game currency.

[0328] (A3) The management system according to (A1), wherein the player identification means identifies the player who used the substitute game currency by face authentication or ID card reading.

[0329] (A4) The management system according to (A1), wherein the storage means is a database or an RFID tag incorporated in the substitute game currency.

[0330] (A5) A management system for managing substitute game currency, a storage means that stores the holder of the substitute game currency; a player identification means for identifying the player who receives the repayment of the substitute game currency; control means for storing the player as the holder in the storage means for the substitute game currency to be repaid; A management system comprising:

[0331] (A6) The specific means further specifies the bet area assigned to the player, The control device determines to which player the game substitute currency is to be repaid by specifying to which of the bet areas the repaid game substitute currency is to be repaid, the management system of (A5).

[0332] (A7) When the game substitute currency stored as the holder by the player specified by the specific means and the game substitute currency not stored as the holder by the player specified by the specific means are bet in the bet area, For the game substitute currency to be repaid for the game substitute currency stored as the holder by the player specified by the specific means, the player specified by the specific means is stored as the holder of the game substitute currency, the management system of (A5).

[0333] (A8) Further includes a detection device for detecting the amount of the game substitute currency to be repaid, When the game substitute currency stored as the holder by the player specified by the specific means and the game substitute currency not stored as the holder by the player specified by the specific means are bet in the bet area, For the game substitute currency to be repaid to the bet area after the amount corresponding to the repayment of the game substitute currency not stored as the holder by the player specified by the specific means is detected by the detection device, the player specified by the specific means is stored as the holder of the game substitute currency, the management system of (A5).

[0334] (A9) Further includes a detection device for detecting the amount of the game substitute currency to be repaid, When the control device has the game substitute currency stored with the player identified by the identification means as the holder and the game substitute currency not stored with the player identified by the identification means as the holder bet in the bet area, For the game substitute currency first detected by the detection device for the bet area, a management system of (A5) that stores the player identified by the identification means as the holder of the game substitute currency.

[0335] (A10) The bet area includes an area for betting the game substitute currency stored with the player identified by the identification means as the holder and an area for betting the game substitute currency not stored with the player identified by the identification means as the holder, in any of the management systems of (A6) to (A9).

[0336] (A11) An output means for outputting visual information for distinguishing between the bet area where the game substitute currency stored with the player identified by the identification means as the holder is bet and the bet area where the game substitute currency not stored with the player identified by the identification means as the holder is bet, in any of the management systems of (A6) to (A10).

[0337] (A12) A management system for managing game substitute currency, A storage means for storing the holders of the game substitute currency, A player identification means for identifying a plurality of candidate players who may receive the stack of the game substitute currency paid out, For each of the game substitute currency constituting the stack to be paid out, a control means for storing the plurality of candidate players as the holders in the storage means, A management system comprising.

[0338] (A13) The player identification means identifies a plurality of players who receive the payout as a result of betting in the same bet area as the plurality of candidate players in the management system of (A12).

[0339] (A14) The player identification means identifies a betting player who bets the game substitute currency, The management system further includes a holder identification means for identifying the plurality of candidate players stored as the holders in the storage means for the bet game substitute currency. (A12) When the betting player identified by the player identification means matches any of the plurality of candidate players identified by the holder identification means, the control means determines the matching candidate player as the holder and stores it in the storage means in the management system of (A12).

[0340] (B1) A management system for managing chips storing identification information used in a game on a gaming table, A first identification device that reads the identification information stored in the bet chip placed in the bet area on the gaming table, A second identification device that acquires the identification information stored in the payout chip paid out for the bet chip, A storage device that stores the identification information in association with the holder of the chip storing the identification information, A control device that stores, in the storage device, the holder associated with the identification information read by the first identification device from the bet chip as the holder associated with the identification information of the payout chip acquired by the second identification device, A management system comprising:

[0341] (B2) In the management system of (B1), the second identification device is the first identification device, and acquires the identification information stored in the payout chip by reading the identification information stored in the payout chip placed in the bet area.

[0342] (B3) The second identification device is a device that reads the identification information stored in the plurality of chips in the dealer's chip tray, and obtains the identification information stored in the payout chip from the difference between the plurality of pieces of identification information read before the payout of the payout chip and the plurality of pieces of identification information read after the payout of the payout chip, which is the management system of (B1).

[0343] (B4) The second identification device obtains the identification information stored in the payout chip by reading the identification information stored in the payout chip placed in a payout area different from the bet area on the gaming table, which is the management system of (B1).

[0344] (B5) The first identification device periodically reads the identification information. When the control device stops reading the identification information read by the first identification device from the bet chip, the control device stores, in the storage device, the holder associated with the unreadable identification information as the holder associated with the identification information of the payout chip acquired by the second identification device, which is the management system of (B1).

[0345] (B6) The second identification device obtains the identification information by periodically reading the identification information stored in the payout chip. When the control device stops reading the identification information read by the second identification device from the payout chip, the control device stores, in the storage device, the holder associated with the identification information read by the first identification device from the bet chip as the holder associated with the unreadable identification information, which is the management system of (B1).

[0346] (B7) A management system for managing chips storing identification information, which is used in a game on a gaming table. A first identification device that obtains the identification information stored in the exchange-before chips given by a player to the gaming table for exchanging between the chips. A second identification device that acquires the identification information stored in the exchanged chip given to the player corresponding to the pre-exchange chip; A storage device that stores the identification information in association with the holder of the chip storing the identification information; A control device that stores, in the storage device, the holder associated with the identification information of the pre-exchange chip acquired by the first identification device as the holder associated with the identification information of the exchanged chip acquired by the second identification device; A management system comprising:

[0347] (B8) The control device further stores, in the storage device, the holder associated with the identification information of the pre-exchange chip acquired by the second identification device as the holder associated with the identification information of the exchanged chip acquired by the first identification device, in the management system of (B7).

[0348] (B9) The first identification device is a reading device that reads the identification information of a plurality of the chips in the dealer's chip tray, and acquires the increased identification information as the identification information stored in the pre-exchange chip, in the management system of (B7).

[0349] (B10) The second identification device is a reading device that reads the identification information of a plurality of the chips in the dealer's chip tray, and acquires the decreased identification information as the identification information stored in the exchanged chip, in the management system of (B7).

[0350] (B11) A management system for managing the exchange of chips storing identification information, used in a game on a gaming table, A reading device that reads the identification information stored in the chip placed in a reading area on the gaming table for exchange; A storage device that stores the identification information in association with the holder of the chip storing the identification information; When the holder associated with the identification information stored in the first chip read by the reading device is different from the holder associated with the identification information stored in the second chip different from the first chip read by the reading device, the control device stores, in the storage device, the holder associated with the identification information stored in the first chip as the holder associated with the identification information stored in the second chip. A management system comprising the above.

[0351] (Fifth Embodiment) FIG. 52 is a diagram showing the configuration of the management system according to the fifth embodiment. The management system 210 according to the present embodiment can be used in addition to or instead of the system for identifying any one of the players in the first to fourth embodiments described above. That is, in the present embodiment, as the player identification system, a system for identifying a player by face authentication and a system for identifying a player by scanning a membership card have been described. However, the player identification system according to the present embodiment can also be used in addition to these systems, or can be used instead of these systems.

[0352] As shown in FIG. 52, at each play position of the gaming table 5004 according to the present embodiment, card reading areas 61a to 61e (hereinafter, collectively referred to as "card reading area 61") for reading the membership card 810 are provided in front of the bet area 41.

[0353] The membership card 810 has a card RFID tag 811 built therein. The user ID is stored in the card RFID tag 811.

[0354] In the card reading area 61, card reading antennas 711a to 711e (hereinafter, collectively referred to as "card reading antenna 711") for reading the card RFID tag 811 of the members card 810 placed there are embedded. The card reading antenna 711 is connected to the RF control device 54. The RF control device 54 controls the card reading antenna 711 to read information from the card RFID tag 811.

[0355] According to this example, even when identifying a player with a members card, in order to associate the play position with the member, it is not necessary for a casino operator such as a dealer or a pit operator to scan the members card and specify the play position as in the above-described embodiment. The player only needs to place his or her members card 810 in the card reading area 61 on the front side of the bet area 41 of the gaming table 5004, and the play position can be associated with the member.

[0356] Also, in this example, in the card reading area 61, among the gaming substitute currency 83 held by the player, the gaming substitute currency that has not been bet in the bet area 41 (hereinafter, also referred to as "reserve chip 833") is also read. In this example, the gaming substitute currency 83 has an RFID tag 2 (hereinafter, also referred to as "chip RFID tag 2" to distinguish it from the card RIFD tag 811). The chip RFID tag 2 stores information on the chip ID and / or value (amount) of the gaming substitute currency 83.

[0357] In the example of FIG. 52, when player 82a wins the game and receives a payout, the paid-out payout chip 832b is read in the bet area 41b. In database 57, the holder of this payout chip 832b is updated from the dealer or casino to player 82a. Specifically, in database 57, the user ID associated with the chip ID of payout chip 832b is changed from the user ID indicating the dealer or casino, and the chip ID of payout chip 832 is rewritten with the user ID of user 82a, that is, the user ID read from membership card 810 in the membership card reading area 61b.

[0358] Alternatively, when payout chip 832b is read in card reading area 61b, the user ID associated with the payout chip 832b may be rewritten with the user ID read from membership card 810 in the card reading area 61b.

[0359] Also, in database 57, when the user ID is associated with and stored the value of gaming substitute currency 83 held by the member of the user ID, when payout chip 832b is read in the bet area 41b or the card reading area 61b, database 57 may be updated to associate the value of the payout chip 832b with the user ID read in the card reading area 61b.

[0360] Also, the user ID may be associated with the chip ID and / or value of gaming substitute currency 83 held by the member of the user ID, and instead of database 57, it may be stored in the card RFID tag 811 of membership card 810 held by the member. In this case, in the card reading area 61, in addition to reading, writing can be performed on the membership card 810.

[0361] When the pay-out chip 832b is read in the bet area 41b or the card reading area 61b, by storing the chip ID and / or value of the pay-out chip 832b in the members card 810, the user ID stored in the members card 810 will be associated with the chip ID and / or value of the gaming substitute currency 83 held by the member of the user ID.

[0362] Alternatively, the user ID may be associated with the chip ID and / or value of the gaming substitute currency held by the member of the user ID and stored in the chip RFID tag 2 instead of the database 57. In this case, in the bet area 41 or the card reading area 61, in addition to reading, writing can be performed on the chip RFID tag 2.

[0363] When the chip ID and / or value of the pay-out chip 832b is read in the bet area 41b or the card reading area 61b, by storing the user ID of the members card 810 read in the card reading area 61b in the chip RFID tag 2 of the pay-out chip 832b, the user ID stored in the members card 810 will be associated with the chip ID and / or value of the gaming substitute currency 83 held by the member of the user ID.

[0364] Also, regarding the chip ID of the gaming substitute currency 83 that can no longer be read by either the card reading antenna 711 or the antenna 511 in the bet area 41 (hereinafter also referred to as the "chip reading antenna 511" for distinction from the card reading antenna 711), it may be recorded that it has been recovered and is held by the dealer or the casino. Alternatively, regarding the value of the gaming substitute currency 83 that can no longer be read by either the card reading antenna 711 or the chip reading antenna 511, it may be recorded that the value has been transferred to the dealer or the casino.

[0365] In addition, the database 57 may record not only information on members and the substitute game currency held by those members, but also the betting performance of each member. In this case, when the substitute game currency 83 is bet in the betting area 41, the chip ID of the betting chip 831 is read in the betting area 41, and the value thereof, that is, the bet amount, is determined by referring to the database 57. Alternatively, when the value is stored in the chip RFID tag 2, the bet amount can be determined by reading the value in the betting area 41. The bet amount is recorded in the database 57 as the betting performance of the member in association with the user ID of the members card 810 read in the card reading area 61 of the play position.

[0366] Also, in the above embodiment, at each play position, a card reading area 61 is provided separately from the betting area 41, a chip reading antenna 511 is provided in the betting area 41, and a card reading antenna 711 is provided in the card reading area 61. However, without providing the card reading area 61 and the card reading antenna 711, the chip reading antenna 511 in the betting area 41 may be used to read and write to the card RFID tag 811 of the members card 810.

[0367] That is, in the above embodiment, the antenna for reading the chip RFID tag 2 of the substitute game currency 83 such as the payout chip 832 and the antenna for reading the members card 810 may be the same antenna at each play position.

[0368] Also, in the above-described embodiment, a card reading area 61 for the back bet player may be provided between each play position. As described above, since the back bet player shares the same bet area 41 as the sitting player, it is necessary to determine whether the payout chip 832 has been paid out to the sitting player or the back bet player. For this problem, the solution means of the above-described embodiment (for example, associating both the user ID of the sitting player and the user ID of the back bet player with the chip ID of the payout chip 832, etc.) can be used to handle it.

[0369] Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, even when a plurality of members cards 810 are simultaneously read in one card reading area 61 and a plurality of stacks of bet chips 831 are bet in the corresponding one bet area 41, the association between the user ID and the chip ID can be performed in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment.

[0370] Also, in the present embodiment, for a player who has not registered as a member, a members card for non-members may be provided by the dealer on the gaming table 5004. Hereinafter, the members card provided to a registered member is particularly referred to as a "regular members card", and the members card provided to an unregistered player is particularly referred to as an "irregular members card".

[0371] The irregular members card may store, as the user ID, a temporary user ID indicating that the player is an unregistered player. In this case, the temporary user IDs may be different from each other in a plurality of irregular members cards. As a result, although it is not possible to identify an individual unregistered player, it is possible to distinguish and manage unregistered players from each other. Also, when an unregistered player registers as a member, it is also possible to transfer the information recorded on the irregular members card of that person to the regular members card.

[0372] In addition, in the present embodiment, the members card 810 may always be placed in the card reading area 61 and always be read and written in the card reading area 61. When associating the user ID of the player 82 with the chip ID or value of the substitute game currency 83 owned by the player 82 in the database 57 or the chip RFID tag 2, first read the members card 810 in the card reading area 61, and then until another members card 810 is read, or until it is released by the dealer, the database 57 or the chip RFID tag 2 may be updated on the assumption that the player 82 of the members card 810 is always playing at that play position.

[0373] Also, when the player arrives at the play position and places the members card 810 and the substitute game currency 83 (reserve chip 833) he or she holds in the card reading area 61, the RF control device 54 reads the card RFID tag 811 of the members card 810 and the chip RFID tag 2 of the reserve chip 833 using the card reading antenna 711. On the other hand, in the database 57, for each member, the user ID is associated with the substitute game currency 83 held by the member and stored.

[0374] The management control device 56 determines whether or not the combination of the user ID stored in the card RFID tag 811 and the chip ID stored in the chip RFID tag 2 read by the RF control device 54 is stored in the database 57. When the combination of the user ID and the chip ID read by the RF control device 54 is not stored in the database 57, the management control device 56 outputs an alert.

[0375] By the fifth embodiment described above, the following technology is disclosed. (C1) The management system of one embodiment is a management system 210 in a facility that provides a game using a gaming table 5004 having a play position, and includes a members card 810 with a built-in card RFID tag 811 storing member information (user ID), and a card RFID reader (card reading antenna 711 and RF control device 54) provided at the play position of the gaming table 5004 for reading member information (user ID) from the card RFID tag 811.

[0376] (C2) The management system 210 of (C1) above may further include a chip determination device (chip reading antenna 511 and RF control device 54) for determining chip identification information (chip ID) of a payout chip (payout chip 832) paid out at the play position, a storage medium (database 57, chip RFID tag 2, or card RFID tag 811) for associatively storing member information (user ID) and chip identification information (chip ID) of a chip (gaming substitute currency 83) owned by a member corresponding to the member information (user ID), and a management control device 56 for associatively storing the member information (user ID) read at the play position and the chip identification information (chip ID) of the payout chip 832 determined at the play position in the storage medium (database 57, chip RFID tag 2, or card RFID tag 811).

[0377] (C3) The management system 210 of (C1) may further include a chip determination device (chip reading antenna 711, an image recognition system for recognizing the amount, or a management control device 56 for determining from bet content and game results) that determines the value (amount) of the payout chip (payout chip 832) paid out at the play position, a storage medium (database 57, chip RFID tag 2, or card RFID tag 811) that stores the member information (user ID) in association with the value (amount) of the chips (game substitute currency) owned by the member corresponding to the member information (user ID), and a management control device 56 that stores the member information (user ID) read at the play position in association with the value (amount) of the payout chip (payout chip 832) determined at the play position in the storage medium (database 57, chip RFID tag 2, or card RFID tag 811).

[0378] (C4) The management system 210 of (C1) may further include a storage medium (database 57, chip RFID tag 2, or card RFID tag 811) that stores the member information (user ID) in association with the bet amount corresponding to the member information (user ID), a chip determination device (chip reading antenna 511 and RF control device 54) that determines the chip identification information (chip ID) of the bet chip 831 bet at the play position, a database 57 that stores the correspondence between the chip identification information (chip ID) and the value (amount) of the bet chip 831, and a management control device 56 that refers to the database 57, determines the value (amount) corresponding to the chip identification information (chip ID) determined at the play position, and updates the bet amount associated with the member information (user ID) stored in the storage medium (database 57, chip RFID tag 2, or card RFID tag 811) for the member information (user ID) read at the play position based on the value (amount).

[0379] (C5) The management system 210 of (C1) may further include a storage medium (database 57, chip RFID tag 2, or card RFID tag 811) that stores the member information (user ID) in association with the bet amount corresponding to the member information (user ID), a chip determination device (chip reading antenna 511 and database 57, chip reading antenna 511, or an image recognition system that determines the value (amount) of the chip) that determines the value (amount) of the bet chip 831 bet on the play position, and a management control device 56 that updates the bet amount associated with the member information (user ID) stored in the storage medium (database 57, chip RFID tag 2, or card RFID tag 811) for the member information (user ID) read at the play position based on the value (amount) of the bet chip 831 determined at the play position.

[0380] (C6) The management system 210 of (C1) may further include a chip determination device (card reading antenna 711 and RF control device 54) that determines the chip identification information (chip ID) of the reserve chip 833 not bet on the play position, a storage medium (database 57, chip RFID tag 2, or card RFID tag 811) that stores the member information (user ID) in association with the chip identification information (chip ID) of the chips (gaming tokens 83) owned by the member corresponding to the member information (user ID), and a management control device 56 that stores the member information (user ID) read at the play position and the chip identification information (chip ID) of the reserve chip 833 determined at the play position in the storage medium (database 57, chip RFID tag 2, or card RFID tag 811) in association with each other.

[0381] (C7) The management system described in (C1) above may further include a chip determination device (card reading antenna 711 and RF control device 54, or an image recognition system for determining the value (amount) of the reserve chip 833 that is not bet at the play position), a storage medium (database 57, chip RFID tag 2, or card RFID tag 811) that stores the member information (user ID) in association with the value (amount) of the chips (game tokens 83) owned by the member corresponding to the member information (user ID), and a management control device 56 that stores the member information (user ID) read at the play position and the value (amount) of the reserve chip 833 determined at the play position in the storage medium (database 57, chip RFID tag 2, or card RFID tag 811) in association with each other.

[0382] (C8) In any of the management systems 210 described in (C2), (C4), or (C6) above, chip identification information (chip ID) of the chip (game token 83) may be stored in the chip RFID tag 2 built into the chip (game token 83). The chip determination device (chip reading antenna 511 and RF control device 54) and the card RFID reader (card reading antenna 711 and RF control device 54) may be the same device, and the device may read the chip RFID tag 2 and the card RFID tag 811.

[0383] (C9) In any of the management systems 210 described in (C3), (C5), or (C6) above, the value (amount) of the chip (game token 83) is stored in the chip RFID tag 2 built into the chip (game token 83). The chip determination device (chip reading antenna 511 and RF control device 54) and the card RFID reader (card reading antenna 711 and RF control device 54) may be the same device, and the device may read the chip RFID tag 2 and the card RFID tag 811.

[0384] (C10) In the management system 210 of (C2) above, when one card RFID reader (card reading antenna 711 and RF control device 54) reads a plurality of member information (user IDs) from a plurality of members' cards 810 simultaneously, the management control device 56 may associate the plurality of read member information (user IDs) with the chip identification information (chip ID) and store them in a storage medium (database 57, chip RFID tag 2, or card RFID tag 811).

[0385] (C11) In the management system 210 of (C2) to (C7) above, the storage medium may be provided in a chip (gaming substitute currency 83).

[0386] (C12) In the management system 210 of (C2) to (C7) above, the storage medium may be provided in the members' card 810.

[0387] (C13) In the management system 210 of (C2) to (C7) above, the storage medium may be provided in the database 57.

[0388] (C14) In the management system 210 of (C1) above, a card RFID reader (card reading antenna 711) for a sitting player and a card RFID reader (card reading antenna) for a backbet player may be provided at the play position.

[0389] (C15) In the management system 210 of (C1) above, the members' card 810 may include a regular members' card in which member information unique to the registered member is stored in the card RFID tag 811, and an irregular members' card in which temporary member information is stored in the card RFID tag 811.

[0390] (C16) In the management system 210 of (C15) above, a plurality of irregular members' cards may have different temporary member information stored in the card RFID tag 811.

[0391] (C17) In the management system 210 of (C1) above, the gaming table 5004 may have a plurality of play positions, and the card RFID reader (card reading antenna 711 and RF control device 54) may be provided at each of the plurality of play positions.

[0392] (Sixth Embodiment) In some of the above embodiments, a database storing information on substitute gaming currency was used to manage the substitute gaming currency. In this embodiment, an example of the utilization of the database constructed and updated as described above will be described. The database in this embodiment may be updated by any of the methods described in the above embodiments, or may be updated by a method other than the methods described in the above embodiments.

[0393] FIG. 53 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a management system for substitute gaming currency according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. This management system 600 for substitute gaming currency is a system that determines an abnormality in the holder information by referring to a database storing the holder information. As shown in FIG. 53, the management system 600 for substitute gaming currency includes a database 603 storing the holder information of the substitute gaming currency, a management device 602 that refers to the database 603 and determines the presence or absence of an abnormality in the holder information, a player identification device 601 installed at a predetermined location in the casino facility that identifies a player and thereby identifies that the player is at the predetermined location, and an alarm device 604 that outputs an alarm when an abnormality is detected by the management device 602.

[0394] Specifically, the management system 600 determines an abnormality in the combination of the player's location and the holder information. That is, the management device 602 determines the presence or absence of an abnormality in the combination of the predetermined location where the player identified by the player identification device 601 is located and the holder information stored in the database 603.

[0395] In this embodiment, when the management system 600 restricts (including prohibits) taking out or bringing in the gaming substitute currency 1 outside or inside the casino facility, it determines whether the gate complies with the taking-out rules / bringing-in rules, and determines that a situation where a violation of the restriction is about to occur is abnormal. For this purpose, the player identification device 601 and the alarm device 604 are installed at the gate 10 of the casino facility. That is, the player identification device 601 identifies that the player is at the gate 10, and the alarm device 604 outputs an alarm in a manner recognizable by the casino staff or the player at the gate 10.

[0396] The player identification device 601 identifies players entering the casino facility through the gate 10 and players leaving the casino facility. The player identification device 601 identifies players by biometric authentication technologies such as face authentication or ID cards such as the casino membership card or the My Number card.

[0397] The database 603 stores a table 6031 that associates information identifying the gaming substitute currency 1 (chip ID) with information identifying the player who holds the gaming substitute currency 1 (holder information: player ID), and a table 6032 that associates information identifying the gaming substitute currency 1 (chip ID) with amount information. By referring to these tables 6031 and 6032, it is possible to know which player holds how much gaming substitute currency 1. When a player plays a game using the gaming substitute currency 1 at the casino facility, the amount of gaming substitute currency 1 held by the player increases or decreases, and accordingly, the table 6031 is updated. Instead of using the two tables, i.e., the table 6031 that stores the association between the chip ID and the player ID and the table 6032 that stores the association between the chip ID and the amount information, a single table that stores the association between the chip ID, the player ID, and the amount information may be used.

[0398] The management device 602 determines whether there is any abnormality in accordance with the rules for taking out and / or bringing in the gaming substitute currency 1 in the casino facility. In this embodiment, taking out the gaming substitute currency 1 from the casino facility and bringing in the gaming substitute currency 1 into the casino facility are prohibited. Therefore, when the player identified as being at the gate 10 is stored as the holder of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the database 603, the management device 602 determines that there is an abnormality.

[0399] Specifically, for the player passing through (entering or exiting) the gate 10, the management device 602 refers to the database 603 using the player ID of the player identified by the player identification device 601 to check whether the player holds the gaming substitute currency 1. When the player identified by the player identification device 601 holds the gaming substitute currency 1, the gate management device 602 outputs an alarm signal to the alarm device 604.

[0400] The alarm device 604 is provided at the gate 10 and outputs an alert such as a buzzer sound upon receiving the alarm signal. Note that the alarm device 604 may be a device that transmits the alarm signal to a security room away from the gate 10, or may be a device that records this alarm signal so that it can be verified later.

[0401] According to the management system 600 in the above example, when the carrying out of the gaming substitute currency 1 outside the casino facility is prohibited, by identifying the player who intends to leave the casino facility at the gate 10, it is possible to refer to the database 603 to check whether the player owns the gaming substitute currency 1, and it is possible to detect that the player is attempting to carry out the gaming substitute currency 1 outside the casino facility in violation of the rules. Also, for this detection, in the casino facility, while recording (tracing) the change of the holder of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the database 603, by referring to the database 603 at the gate 10 to check whether the player owns the gaming substitute currency 1, there is no need to inspect the belongings of the player who intends to leave the casino facility to find the gaming substitute currency 1, etc., and the player can exit the casino facility smoothly.

[0402] Also, according to the management system 600 in the above example, when the carrying in of the gaming substitute currency 1 into the casino facility is prohibited, by identifying the player who intends to enter the casino facility at the gate 10, it is possible to refer to the database 603 to check whether the player owns the gaming substitute currency 1, and it is possible to detect that the player is attempting to carry in the gaming substitute currency 1 into the casino facility in violation of the rules. Also, for this detection, in the casino facility, while recording (tracing) the change of the holder of the gaming substitute currency 1 in the database 603, by referring to the database 603 at the gates 10 to check whether the player owns the gaming substitute currency 1, there is no need to inspect the belongings of the player who intends to enter the casino facility to find the gaming substitute currency 1, etc., and the player can enter the casino facility smoothly.

[0403] Even when a casino facility adopts a rule that allows the carrying out and / or carrying in of gaming tokens 1 below a predetermined limit, the management system 600 of the present embodiment can be applied. In this case, the management device 602 refers to the database 603 to identify the total amount of gaming tokens 1 associated with the player who is about to pass through the gate 10 (exit and / or entry), and determines abnormality according to the identified amount. Specifically, the management device 602 determines that it is normal when the identified amount is below the limit defined by the rule, and determines that it is abnormal when the identified amount exceeds the limit defined by the rule. When the management device 602 determines that it is abnormal, it outputs an alarm signal.

[0404] Also, even when a casino facility adopts a rule that requires declaration at the gate 10 when carrying out and / or carrying in gaming tokens 1, the management system 600 of the present embodiment can be applied. In this case, a chip ID is read from the gaming tokens 1 related to the declaration of carrying out or carrying in by a chip reader (not shown). The management device 602 refers to the database 603 to check whether the combination of the chip ID read from the declared gaming tokens 1 and the player identified by the player identification device 601 is stored in the database 603, that is, whether the declared amount of the gaming tokens 1 based on the reading by the chip reader matches the total amount of the gaming tokens 1 stored as being held by the player in the database 603. When the collation is successful, the management device 602 determines that it is normal, and when the collation fails, it determines that it is abnormal.

[0405] Incidentally, at this time, the chip reader may read the chip ID of the gaming substitute currency 1 related to the declaration, and the management device 602 compares the read chip ID with the chip ID of the gaming substitute currency 1 stored in the database 603 as being held by the player identified by the player identification device 601. If they match, it may be determined as normal, and if there is gaming substitute currency 1 that does not match, it may be determined as abnormal. That is, the management device 602 may compare the declared amount with the amount stored in the database 603 to determine abnormality.

[0406] By using such a management system 600, when there is a limit on the amount of gaming substitute currency 1 that can be taken out of the casino facility and / or a limit on the amount that can be brought into the casino facility, such a take-out limit and / or bring-in limit can be surely realized.

[0407] In the above example, an example in which the management system 600 manages the gaming substitute currency 1 at the gate 10 has been described. However, the management system 600 can identify a player at any other place where the player can be identified and check the database 603 to determine whether the player at that place has the gaming substitute currency 1 that he / she should have, or whether the player at that place has the gaming substitute currency 1 that he / she should not have, and may output an alarm as necessary.

[0408] For example, in the management system 600, the player identification device 601 and the alarm device 604 may be installed in a cage for exchanging the gaming substitute currency 1 and cash (purchasing the gaming substitute currency 1 and cashing in the gaming substitute currency 1). In this case, for a player who attempts to purchase the gaming substitute currency 1 or cash in the gaming substitute currency 1, the database 603 may be checked to detect an abnormality in the holder information. For example, when the holder's history is stored in the database 603 as in the above embodiment as the holder information, the management device 602 may determine that it is abnormal when the history of the holder is illegal (for example, when it has changed from the ownership of a certain player to the ownership of another player without going through the ownership of the dealer or the casino facility).

[0409] In addition, for example, when the holder of the gaming substitute currency 1 has not been changed by a predetermined player for a certain period of time or more (e.g., 24 hours or more) and is held by the same player, since it means that the player has been in the casino facility for a certain period of time or more (e.g., 24 hours or more), an alarm signal for the player may be output in such a case. For this purpose, in the database 603, when the holder of the gaming substitute currency 1 is changed, the holder is updated and the time is recorded.

[0410] Furthermore, for example, the management device 602 may determine that there is an abnormality when the number of gaming substitute currencies 1 held by the same player is equal to or more than a predetermined threshold value by referring to the database 603. That is, the management device 602 may determine that it is abnormal when the player holds the gaming substitute currency 1 exceeding a predetermined number that can be carried around in the casino facility (e.g., 10,000 pieces, etc.).

Explanation of Signs

[0411] 1 Gaming substitute currency 2 RFID tag 3 Fixed information 4 Variable information 5 Blockchain information 6 Factory 7 Backyard 8 Warehouse 9 Cage 10 Gate 11 Bet area 12 Chip tray 13 Reading device 14 Writing device 15 Management control device 16 RFID antenna 17 Database 21 Area where data cannot be rewritten (rewritable area) 22 Area where data can be rewritten (non-rewritable area) 41 Bet area 42 Pay Area 44 Player Pair Area 45 Tie Area 46 Banker Pair Area 53 Card Reader 54 RF Control Device 55 Image Recognition Device 56 Management Control Device 57 Database 61 Card Reading Area 81 Members Card 82 Player 83 Game Substitute Currency 110 - 210 Management System 220 Location - related Information 221 Date and Time Information 222 Location and Event Information 223 Holder Information 511, 512, 513 Antenna 711 Card Reading Antenna 810 Members Card 811 Card RFID Tag 831 Bet Chip 832 Payout Chip 833 Reserve Chip 1001 Game Substitute Currency 1002 Chip Reading Device 1003 Control Device 1004 Game Table 1009 Chip Tray 1025 Chip Placement Area 1026 Pay Area 2002 Camera 2003 Card Distribution Device 2004 Game Table 2005 Dealer 2006 Customer (Game Participant / Player) 2007 Chair 2008 Betting Area 2009 Chip 2010 Area 2010P Player Area 2010B Bank Area 2011 Game Recording Device 2012 Image Analysis Device 2013 Result Display Lamp 2014 Control Device 5004 Game Table

Claims

1. A gaming token management system, comprising: A database storing information on holders of the gaming tokens; A management device that refers to the database and determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the owner information; A management system comprising:

2. a player identification device that is installed in a predetermined location of the casino facility and identifies a player, thereby identifying that the player is in the predetermined location; The management system according to claim 1 , wherein the management device determines whether or not there is an abnormality in a combination of the predetermined location where the player identified by the player identification device is located and the owner information stored in the database.

3. the player identification device is installed at a gate of the casino facility, and identifies that the player is at the gate as the location; The management system according to claim 2 , wherein the management device determines whether or not the abnormality exists in accordance with rules for taking out and / or bringing in the gaming tokens in the casino facility.

4. 4. The management system according to claim 3, wherein the management device determines that the abnormality has occurred when the player identified as being at the gate is stored in the database as a holder of the gaming token.

5. The database further stores information on the value of the gaming tokens, 4. The management system according to claim 3, wherein the management device refers to the database to identify an amount of the gaming tokens held by the player identified by the player identification device, and determines whether the abnormality exists based on the identified amount.

6. 6. The management system according to claim 5, wherein the management device compares an amount of the gaming token declared by the player identified by the player identification device with an amount identified by referring to the database, and determines the abnormality based on a comparison result.

7. The gaming token has readable identification information, the database stores the holder information of the gaming token and the identification information in association with each other; The management system further comprises: A player identification device that identifies a player; a reading device that reads identification information of the gaming token held by the player identified by the player identification device, 2. The management system according to claim 1, wherein the management device determines that the abnormality exists when the player identified by the player identification device and the identification information read by the reading device are not associated in the database.

8. the database stores, as information about the holder, possession time information indicating the time when the holder acquired the gaming token or the duration for which the holder has possessed the token; The management system according to claim 1 , wherein the management device determines whether or not there is an abnormality in the possession time information.

9. The management system according to claim 8 , wherein the management device determines that the abnormality exists when a continuous possession time of the same possessor obtained from the possession time information exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

10. The database stores a history of the holder as the information of the holder, The management system according to claim 1 , wherein the management device determines anomalies in the history of the holder.

11. 2. The management system according to claim 1, wherein the management device determines that the abnormality exists when the number of the gaming tokens held by the same holder is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value.

12. A management system for a facility that provides games using a gaming table having a play position, comprising: A member's card having an RFID tag embedded therein that stores member information; a card RFID reader provided at the play position of the gaming table for reading the member information from the card RFID tag; A management system comprising:

13. a chip determination device for determining chip identification information of a chip to be paid out to the play position; a storage medium that stores the member information and the chip identification information of the chip owned by the member corresponding to the member information in association with each other; A control device that associates the member information read at the play position with the chip identification information of the payout chip determined at the play position and stores them in the storage medium; The management system of claim 12 further comprising:

14. a chip determination device for determining the value of a payout chip to be paid out to the play position; a storage medium that stores the member information and the value of the chip owned by the member corresponding to the member information in association with each other; a control device that associates the member information read at the play position with the value of the payout chip determined at the play position and stores the information in the storage medium; The management system of claim 12 further comprising:

15. a storage medium for storing the member information and a bet amount corresponding to the member information in association with each other; a chip determination device for determining chip identification information of a bet chip betted at the play position; a database storing a correspondence between the chip identification information and the value of the bet chip; a control device that refers to the database to determine the value corresponding to the chip identification information determined at the play position, and updates the bet amount associated with the member information stored in the storage medium for the member information read at the play position based on the determined value; The management system of claim 12 further comprising:

16. a storage medium for storing the member information and a bet amount corresponding to the member information in association with each other; a chip determination device for determining the value of a bet chip bet on the play position; A control device that updates the bet amount associated with the member information stored in the storage medium for the member information read at the play position based on the value of the bet chip determined at the play position; The management system of claim 12 further comprising:

17. a chip determination device for determining chip identification information of a reserve chip not bet at the play position; a storage medium that stores the member information and the chip identification information of the chip owned by the member corresponding to the member information in association with each other; a control device that associates the member information read at the play position with the chip identification information of the reserve chip determined at the play position and stores the associated information in the storage medium; The management system of claim 12 further comprising:

18. a chip determination device for determining the value of a reserve chip not bet in the play position; a storage medium for storing the member information and the value of the chips owned by the member corresponding to the member information in association with each other; a control device that associates the member information read at the play position with the value of the reserve chip determined at the play position and stores the information in the storage medium; The management system of claim 12 further comprising:

19. The chip identification information of the chip is stored in a chip RFID tag built into the chip, The chip identification device and the card RFID reader are the same device, and the device reads the chip RFID tag and the card RFID tag; 18. The management system according to claim 13, 15 or 17.

20. The value of the chip is stored in a chip RFID tag built into the chip, The chip identification device and the card RFID reader are the same device, and the device reads the chip RFID tag and the card RFID tag; 19. The management system according to claim 14, 16 or 18.

21. The management system according to claim 13, wherein when one of the card RFID readers simultaneously reads multiple pieces of member information from multiple member cards, the control device associates the read multiple pieces of member information with the chip identification information and stores them in the storage medium.

22. The management system according to any one of claims 13 to 18, wherein the storage medium is provided in the chip.

23. 19. The management system according to claim 13, wherein the storage medium is provided in the member's card.

24. 19. The management system according to claim 13, wherein the storage medium is provided in a database capable of communicating with the card RFID reader and the chip determination means.

25. 13. The management system according to claim 12, wherein the playing position is provided with the card RFID reader for a sitting player and the card RFID reader for a back bet player.

26. The management system according to claim 12, wherein the member's cards include a regular member's card in which member information specific to a registered member is stored in the card RFID tag, and a non-regular member's card in which temporary member information is stored in the card RFID tag.

27. 27. The management system according to claim 26, wherein the non-regular membership cards each have different provisional member information stored in the card RFID tag.

28. the gaming table has a plurality of the play positions; The management system according to claim 12 , wherein the card RFID reader is provided at each of the plurality of playing positions.

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