Feed composition, manufacturing method thereof, feed using the same, and feeding methods for livestock

Abstract

To provide a feed composition with high quality that can effectively utilize activated carbon used in the production of brewed alcohol, as well as to provide a method for producing the same, to provide feed using the same, and to provide a feeding method for livestock.SOLUTION: The present invention relates to a feed composition comprising a fermentation product of a plant and activated carbon that has adsorbed components contained in the fermented liquid produced during the brewing process of alcoholic beverages, as well as a method for producing the same, a feed using the same, and a feeding method for livestock.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a feed composition, a method for producing the same, a feed using the same, and a method for feeding livestock.

Background Art

[0002] In the production of brewing liquor, activated carbon is used. For example, in the production of sake, activated carbon is used in the clarification filtration of sake. The activated carbon used in this clarification filtration (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "sake-treated carbon") is used as compost or fertilizer. However, since sake-treated carbon is very inexpensive and is taken away, further effective utilization is an issue.

[0003] Regarding sake-treated carbon, it has been reported that it has pol inhibitory activity (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).

[0004] On the other hand, it is known that when livestock eat charcoal, it can reduce the odor of feces (for example, see Non-Patent Document 2), prevent diarrhea (for example, see Non-Patent Document 3), and have an effect of increasing body weight (for example, see Non-Patent Document 4).

[0005] As described above, a new method for utilizing the activated carbon used in the production of brewing liquor is required. In addition, the feed given to livestock is required to be of high quality, and at present, the development of new materials useful as high-quality feed is required.

Prior Art Documents

Non-Patent Documents

[0006]

Non-Patent Document 1

Non-Patent Document 2

Non-Patent Document 3

Non-Patent Document 4

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0007] The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems and achieve the following objectives. That is, the present invention aims to effectively utilize the activated carbon used in the production of brewing liquor, and provide a high-quality feed composition, a method for producing the same, a feed using the same, and a method for feeding livestock.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0008] As a result of intensive studies by the present inventors to solve the above problems, it has been found that by fermenting a plant and activated carbon that adsorbs components contained in the liquid in the fermented product generated in the production process of brewing liquor, the activated carbon used in the production of brewing liquor can be effectively utilized, and a high-quality feed composition, a method for producing the same, a feed using the same, and a method for feeding livestock can be provided.

[0009] The present invention is based on the above findings by the present inventors, and the means for solving the above problems are as follows. That is, <1> A feed composition characterized by containing a fermentation product of a plant and activated carbon that adsorbs components contained in the liquid in the fermented product generated in the production process of brewing liquor. <2> The method for producing a feed composition according to <1>, wherein it includes a fermentation step of fermenting a plant and activated carbon adsorbed with components contained in the liquid in the fermented product generated in the process of producing brewed liquor to obtain a fermentation product. The method for producing a feed composition is characterized by this. <3> A feed characterized by containing the feed composition according to <1>. <4> A feeding method for livestock, characterized by including feeding the livestock with the feed composition according to <1>.

Advantages of the Invention

[0010] According to the present invention, the above-mentioned various problems in the prior art can be solved, the above-mentioned object can be achieved, the activated carbon used in the production of brewed liquor can be effectively utilized, and a high-quality feed composition, a method for producing the same, a feed using the same, and a feeding method for livestock can be provided.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0011]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0012] (Feed Composition and Method for Producing the Same) The feed composition of the present invention contains a fermentation product of a plant and activated carbon adsorbed with components contained in the liquid in the fermented product generated in the process of producing brewed liquor, and further contains other components as necessary. The feed composition can be preferably produced by the method for producing the feed composition of the present invention. Hereinafter, the feed composition of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the description of the method for producing the feed composition of the present invention.

[0013] <Method for Producing Feed Composition> The method for producing the feed composition of the present invention is a method for producing the feed composition of the present invention, which includes at least a fermentation step and, if necessary, further includes other steps.

[0014] - Fermentation Step - The fermentation step is a step of fermenting a plant and activated carbon adsorbed with components contained in the liquid in the fermentation product generated in the production process of brewed liquor to obtain a fermentation product.

[0015] -- Plant -- The plant is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. However, in terms of producing a high-quality feed composition, seed plants are preferred, angiosperms are more preferred, gramineous plants or leguminous plants are even more preferred, and gramineous plants are particularly preferred. The plant may be a forage grass cultivated for livestock feed.

[0016] Examples of the gramineous plants include Italian ryegrass, orchardgrass, tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, timothy, perennial ryegrass, sudangrass, rosegrass, guinea grass, para grass, corn, sorghum, etc.

[0017] Examples of the leguminous plants include alfalfa, clover (red clover, white clover), etc.

[0018] The part of the plant is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose, and examples include stems, leaves, etc.

[0019] The size (length) of the plant is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

[0020] --Activated carbon that adsorbs components contained in the liquid in the fermented product produced in the brewing process of brewed liquor-- There are no particular restrictions on the activated carbon that adsorbs the components contained in the liquid in the fermented product produced in the brewing process of brewed liquor, and it can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, activated carbon immersed in sake after the upper tank, or activated carbon that adsorbs the components contained in sake after the upper tank (sake treatment carbon), etc. can be mentioned.

[0021] There are no particular restrictions on the nutrient components contained in the activated carbon that adsorbs the components contained in the liquid in the fermented product produced in the brewing process of brewed liquor, and they can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

[0022] As an example of the nutrient components in the activated carbon that adsorbs the components contained in the liquid in the fermented product produced in the brewing process of brewed liquor, for example, the following can be mentioned. Note that moisture can be analyzed using the drying method, crude protein using the Kjeldahl method, crude fat using the diethyl ether extraction method, crude fiber using the static method, and crude ash using the direct ashing method. · Moisture ··· 50 - 55% by mass · Crude protein (CP) ··· 5 - 11% by mass · Crude fat (EE) ··· 1 - 3% by mass · Crude fiber (CF) ··· 7 - 31% by mass · Crude ash (CA) ··· 1 - 7% by mass · Soluble nitrogen-free substances (NFE) ··· 4 - 26% by mass

[0023] ---Method for producing activated carbon that adsorbs components contained in the liquid in the fermented product produced in the brewing process of brewed liquor--- The method for producing the activated carbon that adsorbs the components contained in the liquid in the fermented product produced in the brewing process of brewed liquor includes a treatment process and, if necessary, further includes other treatments.

[0024] ----Treatment process---- The treatment process is a process of treating the liquid in the fermented product produced in the brewing process of brewed liquor with activated carbon. The above treatment process can be carried out in the same manner as the clarification process for removing unnecessary components contained in brewed liquor. For example, in the sake manufacturing process, the process for clarifying the sake after pressing corresponds to the above treatment process. By the above treatment process, components that are unnecessary in the production of brewed liquor can be adsorbed onto activated carbon.

[0025] There is no particular limitation on the above brewed liquor, and it can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, sake, mirin, umeshu, wine, beer, etc. can be mentioned.

[0026] Components that are unnecessary in the production of the above brewed liquor include, for example, flavin-based and melanin-based pigments that cause coloring of alcoholic beverages, proteins that cause protein turbidity (white haze), etc.

[0027] There is no particular limitation on the method of the above treatment, and it can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, a method of adding the above activated carbon to the liquid in the fermented product produced in the brewed liquor production process, stirring, and then allowing it to stand can be mentioned. The liquid in the fermented product produced in the brewed liquor production process can be prepared by solid-liquid separation of the fermented product.

[0028] There is no particular limitation on the above activated carbon, and those used in the production of brewed liquor can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. Commercially available products may be used as the above activated carbon, or activated carbon prepared by a known method may also be used.

[0029] There is no particular limitation on the plant raw materials used in the production of the above activated carbon, and they can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, cedar, cypress, birch, maple, beech, bamboo, oak, kunugi, persimmon, and Japanese sumac can be mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0030] The amount of the activated carbon used is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, 0.1 to 2 kg of activated carbon is used per 1 kL of the liquid in the fermentation product generated in the production process of brewed liquor.

[0031] The conditions for the stirring are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

[0032] The period for the standing is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, it may be overnight.

[0033] In addition, in the above treatment step, in addition to the activated carbon, a filter aid or a sediment-lowering agent may be further used.

[0034] The filter aid is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose from those used in the production of brewed liquor. For example, plant-derived cellulose, diatomaceous earth, etc. may be mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. As the filter aid, a commercially available product may be used, or a filter aid prepared by a known method may be used. The amount of the filter aid used is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

[0035] The sediment-lowering agent is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose from those used in the production of brewed liquor. For example, sodium alginate, activated clay, bentonite, silicon dioxide, persimmon tannin, etc. may be mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. As the sediment-lowering agent, a commercially available product may be used, or a sediment-lowering agent prepared by a known method may be used. The amount of the sediment-lowering agent used is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

[0036] ----Other Treatments---- In the method for producing activated carbon that adsorbs components contained in the liquid in the fermented product generated in the production process of the fermented liquor, the other treatment is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, there are a preparation treatment for preparing the liquid in the fermented product generated in the production process of the fermented liquor, a recovery treatment for recovering the activated carbon after the treatment process, and the like.

[0037] The preparation treatment is a treatment for separating the fermented product generated in the production process of the fermented liquor into a liquid and a solid, and preparing the liquid in the fermented product generated in the production process of the fermented liquor.

[0038] For example, when the fermented liquor is sake, the preparation treatment corresponds to the upper tank in the sake production process. The upper tank is a treatment for separating the moromi, which is the fermented product generated in the production process, into liquid sake and solid sake lees, and preparing sake.

[0039] The method of the preparation treatment is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, there are a method using an automatic press, a method by hanging in a bag, a method by pressing in a tank, and the like.

[0040] The recovery treatment is a treatment for recovering the activated carbon after the treatment process.

[0041] The method of the recovery treatment is not particularly limited as long as the solid and the liquid can be separated, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, filtration and the like are included.

[0042] The method of the filtration is not particularly limited and can be performed using a known device. In the filtration, other components such as the above-mentioned filter aid may be further used.

[0043] The method of using the filter aid is not particularly limited, and a known method can be appropriately selected. For example, there is a method of attaching it to the filter cloth or mesh of a filter and using it.

[0044] --Fermentation-- As long as a fermentation product can be obtained by fermenting a plant and activated carbon that has adsorbed components contained in the liquid in the fermented material produced in the manufacturing process of brewed liquor, there are no particular limitations, and it can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. However, anaerobic fermentation is preferred.

[0045] Examples of the anaerobic fermentation include a method in which the plant and activated carbon that has adsorbed components contained in the liquid in the fermented material produced in the manufacturing process of brewed liquor are placed in an oxygen-impermeable pouch, mixed, sealed, and fermented. Commercially available products can be used as the oxygen-impermeable pouch. Examples of commercially available products of the oxygen-impermeable pouch include Anero Pack (manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc.).

[0046] There are no particular limitations on the temperature of the fermentation, and it can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. However, from the viewpoint of producing a high-quality feed composition, it is preferably 0°C or higher and 40°C or lower, more preferably 10°C or higher and 35°C or lower, still more preferably 20°C or higher and 35°C or lower, and particularly preferably 25°C or higher and 35°C or lower.

[0047] There are no particular limitations on the time of the fermentation, and it can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. However, from the viewpoint of producing a high-quality feed composition, it is preferably 3 days or longer, more preferably 10 days or longer, still more preferably 15 days or longer, preferably 20 days or longer, and particularly preferably 25 days or longer.

[0048] There are no particular limitations on the lower limit value of the usage amount (mass%) of the activated carbon that has adsorbed components contained in the liquid in the fermented material produced in the manufacturing process of brewed liquor with respect to the plant, and it can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. However, from the viewpoint of producing a high-quality feed composition, it is preferably 0.5 mass% or higher, more preferably 0.8 mass% or higher, still more preferably 1 mass% or higher, particularly preferably 5 mass% or higher, and most preferably 8 mass% or higher. The upper limit value (mass %) of the amount of activated carbon that adsorbs the components contained in the liquid in the fermented product produced in the production process of the brewed liquor with respect to the plant is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. However, from the viewpoint of producing a high-quality feed composition, 60% or less is preferable, 50% or less is more preferable, 40% or less is further preferable, 30% or less is even more preferable, 20% or less is particularly preferable, and 15% or less is most preferable. Note that a numerical range having as the lower limit value any of the numerical values shown as the lower limit value and as the upper limit value any of the numerical values shown as the upper limit value is preferable. Among these, from the viewpoint of producing a high-quality feed composition, 0.5 mass % or more and 60% or less is preferable, 0.5 mass % or more and 50% or less is more preferable, 0.8 mass % or more and 40% or less is further preferable, 1 mass % or more and 30% or less is even more preferable, 5 mass % or more and 20% or less is particularly preferable, and 8 mass % or more and 15% or less is most preferable.

[0049] -Other processes- In the method for producing the feed composition, the other processes are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose, and examples thereof include a mixing process.

[0050] The mixing process is a process of mixing the plant and the activated carbon that adsorbs the components contained in the liquid in the fermented product produced in the production process of the brewed liquor before the fermentation process. The method of mixing is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

[0051] <Feed composition> The feed composition of the present invention contains at least a fermentation product of a plant and activated carbon that adsorbs the components contained in the liquid in the fermented product produced in the production process of the brewed liquor, and further contains other components as necessary. The plant and the activated carbon that adsorbs the components contained in the liquid in the fermented product produced in the production process of the brewed liquor are as described in the above <Method for producing feed composition>. The fermentation product of the plant and activated carbon adsorbed with the components contained in the liquid in the fermented product generated in the production process of brewed liquor can be produced by the above-mentioned <Method for producing a feed composition>.

[0052] -Other components- As other components in the feed composition, there is no particular limitation as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, and they can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, components used in feed can be mentioned. The other components may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The content of the other components in the feed composition is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

[0053] As a production method when the feed composition contains the other components, there is no particular limitation and it can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, it can be produced by mixing the fermentation product of the plant and activated carbon adsorbed with the components contained in the liquid in the fermented product generated in the production process of brewed liquor and the other components.

[0054] The feed composition can be preferably used as a feed composition for livestock. There is no particular limitation on the livestock, and it can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, cows, pigs, chickens, goats, sheep, etc. can be mentioned. Among these, cows are preferred. There is no particular limitation on the age of the livestock, and it can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

[0055] The quality of the feed composition can be confirmed, for example, by measuring the total content of acids (total acids), the total content of lactic acid and acetic acid, the content of lactic acid, the content of acetic acid, the weight loss rate (weight loss rate during the production process), or the pH, Freek score, and V-Score of the feed composition. The total content of the acids (total acids) means the total amount of malic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, and acetic acid.

[0056] There is no particular limitation on the lower limit value of the total content (% by mass) of acid (total acid) in the feed composition, and it can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. However, from the perspective of producing a high-quality feed composition, 0.5% by mass or more is preferable, 0.7% by mass or more is more preferable, 0.9% by mass or more is further preferable, 1% by mass or more is particularly preferable, and 1.5% by mass or more is most preferable. There is no particular limitation on the upper limit value of the content (% by mass) of acid (total acid) in the feed composition, and it can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. However, from the perspective of producing a high-quality feed composition, 5% by mass or less is preferable, 4% by mass or less is more preferable, 3% by mass or less is further preferable, 2% by mass or less is particularly preferable, and 1.7% by mass or less is most preferable. In addition, a numerical range with any one of the numerical values shown as the lower limit value and any one of the numerical values shown as the upper limit value as the lower limit value and the upper limit value is preferable. Among these, from the perspective of producing a high-quality feed composition, 0.5% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less is preferable, 0.7% by mass or more and 4% by mass or less is more preferable, 0.9% by mass or more and 3% by mass or less is further preferable, 1% by mass or more and 2% by mass or less is particularly preferable, and 1.5% by mass or more and 1.7% by mass or less is most preferable.

[0057] The total content of acid (total acid) in the feed composition is measured as follows by capillary electrophoresis. The sample is shredded into pieces 5 - 10 mm in length. 80 mL of distilled water is added to 20 g of the sample, and extraction is carried out at 5°C with shaking for 24 hours. The obtained extract is filtered through filter paper (No. 5A, manufactured by ADVANTREC), and malic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, and lactic acid in the filtrate are measured using a capillary electrophoresis apparatus (model: G7100A, manufactured by Agilent technology), and the total amount of malic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, and acetic acid is taken as the total acid.

[0058] The lower limit of the total content (mass %) of lactic acid and acetic acid in the feed composition is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. However, from the perspective of producing high-quality feed compositions, 0.3% by mass or more is preferable, 0.5% by mass or more is more preferable, 0.8% by mass or more is further preferable, 1% by mass or more is particularly preferable, and 1.2% by mass or more is most preferable. The upper limit of the total content (mass %) of lactic acid and acetic acid in the feed composition is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. However, from the perspective of producing high-quality feed compositions, 5% by mass or less is preferable, 4% by mass or less is more preferable, 3% by mass or less is further preferable, 2% by mass or less is particularly preferable, and 1.5% by mass or less is most preferable. In addition, a numerical range having as the lower limit any of the numerical values shown as the lower limit and as the upper limit any of the numerical values shown as the upper limit is preferable. Among these, from the perspective of producing high-quality feed compositions, 0.3% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less is preferable, 0.5% by mass or more and 4% by mass or less is more preferable, 0.8% by mass or more and 3% by mass or less is further preferable, 1% by mass or more and 2% by mass or less is particularly preferable, and 1.2% by mass or more and 1.5% by mass or less is most preferable.

[0059] The total content of lactic acid and acetic acid in the feed composition is measured as follows by capillary electrophoresis. The sample is shredded into pieces 5 to 10 mm in length. 80 mL of distilled water is added to 20 g of the sample, and extraction is performed at 5°C with shaking for 24 hours. The obtained extract is filtered through filter paper (No. 5A, manufactured by ADVANTREC), and acetic acid and lactic acid in the filtrate are measured using a capillary electrophoresis apparatus (model: G7100A, manufactured by Agilent technology).

[0060] The lower limit of the content (% by mass) of lactic acid in the feed composition is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. However, from the viewpoint of producing a high-quality feed composition, 0.1% by mass or more is preferable, 0.3% by mass or more is more preferable, 0.5% by mass or more is further preferable, 0.6% by mass or more is particularly preferable, and 0.7% by mass or more is most preferable. The upper limit of the content (% by mass) of lactic acid in the feed composition is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. However, from the viewpoint of producing a high-quality feed composition, 5% by mass or less is preferable, 4% by mass or less is more preferable, 3% by mass or less is further preferable, 2% by mass or less is particularly preferable, and 1% by mass or less is most preferable. In addition, a numerical range having as the lower limit any of the numerical values shown as the lower limit and as the upper limit any of the numerical values shown as the upper limit is preferable. Among these, from the viewpoint of producing a high-quality feed composition, 0.1% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less is preferable, 0.3% by mass or more and 4% by mass or less is more preferable, 0.5% by mass or more and 3% by mass or less is further preferable, 0.6% by mass or more and 2% by mass or less is particularly preferable, and 0.7% by mass or more and 1% by mass or less is most preferable.

[0061] The content of lactic acid in the feed composition is measured by capillary electrophoresis as follows. The sample is shredded into pieces 5 to 10 mm in size, 80 mL of distilled water is added to 20 g of the sample, and extraction is carried out at 5°C with shaking for 24 hours. The obtained extract is filtered through filter paper (No. 5A, manufactured by ADVANTREC), and lactic acid in the filtrate is measured using a capillary electrophoresis apparatus (model: G7100A, manufactured by Agilent technology).

[0062] The lower limit of the content (% by mass) of acetic acid in the feed composition is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. However, from the viewpoint of producing a high-quality feed composition, 0.2% by mass or more is preferable, 0.3% by mass or more is more preferable, 0.4% by mass or more is further preferable, 0.5% by mass or more is particularly preferable, and 0.6% by mass or more is most preferable. The upper limit value of the acetic acid content (mass%) in the feed composition is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. However, from the perspective of producing a high-quality feed composition, 5% by mass or less is preferable, 4% by mass or less is more preferable, 3% by mass or less is further preferable, 2% by mass or less is particularly preferable, and 0.9% by mass or less is most preferable. Note that a numerical range with any of the numerical values indicated as the lower limit value and any of the numerical values indicated as the upper limit value as the lower limit value and the upper limit value is preferable. Among these, from the perspective of producing a high-quality feed composition, 0.2% by mass or more and 5% by mass or less is preferable, 0.3% by mass or more and 4% by mass or less is more preferable, 0.4% by mass or more and 3% by mass or less is further preferable, 0.5% by mass or more and 2% by mass or less is particularly preferable, and 0.6% by mass or more and 0.9% by mass or less is most preferable.

[0063] The acetic acid content in the feed composition is measured as follows by capillary electrophoresis. The sample is shredded into pieces 5 to 10 mm in length, 80 mL of distilled water is added to 20 g of the sample, and extraction is carried out at 5°C with shaking for 24 hours. The obtained extract is filtered through filter paper (No. 5A, manufactured by ADVANTREC), and acetic acid in the filtrate is measured using a capillary electrophoresis apparatus (model: G7100A, manufactured by Agilent technology).

[0064] The weight loss rate (%) during the manufacturing process in the feed composition is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. However, from the perspective of producing a high-quality feed composition, 15% by mass or less is preferable, 13% by mass or less is more preferable, 12% by mass or less is further preferable, and 11.8% by mass or less is particularly preferable.

[0065] The weight loss rate (%) during the manufacturing process in the feed composition is measured using an analytical balance (model CPA225D: manufactured by sartorius) before and after manufacturing, and calculated by the following formula 1.

Equation

[0066] The pH of the feed composition is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. However, from the viewpoint of producing a high-quality feed composition, a pH of 7 or less is preferable, a pH of 6 or less is more preferable, and a pH of 5 or less is particularly preferable.

[0067] The pH of the feed composition is measured as follows using a pH meter. The sample is shredded into pieces 5 to 10 mm in size, 80 mL of distilled water is added to 20 g of the sample, and extraction is carried out at 5°C with shaking for 24 hours. The obtained extract is filtered through filter paper (No. 5A, manufactured by ADVANTREC), and the pH of the filtrate is measured using a pH meter (model F-52T, manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.).

[0068] The freek score is a method for chemically evaluating the fermentation quality of silage, and is a point evaluation according to the composition ratio (molar ratio) of lactic acid, acetic acid, and butyric acid to the total amount of organic acids produced. A score of 0 to 25 points is given to the lactic acid value, 0 to 25 points to the acetic acid value, and -10 to 50 points to the butyric acid value, and five grades (excellent, good, fair, medium, poor) are set according to the total score (Research in Animal Science 2009, Vol. 63, No. 3: 339-344, Table 1).

[0069] The grade of the freek score of the feed composition is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. However, from the viewpoint of producing a high-quality feed composition, excellent, good, or fair is preferable, and excellent or good is more preferable.

[0070] The V-Score is evaluated from the volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) contents of the fermentation product substances that greatly affect the quality, and is a point evaluation according to the ratio of volatile basic nitrogen to total nitrogen (VBN / TN), the total content of acetic acid and propionic acid, and the content of butyric acid. A score of 0 to 50 points is given to VBN / TN, 0 to 10 points to the total content of acetic acid and propionic acid, and 0 to 40 points to the content of butyric acid, and three grades (good, fair, poor) are set according to the total score (Research in Animal Science 2009, Vol. 63, No. 3: 339-344, Table 2).

[0071] There are no particular restrictions on the grade of the V-Score of the feed composition, and it can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. However, in terms of manufacturing a high-quality feed composition, good or acceptable is preferable, and good is more preferable.

[0072] In the present invention, a high-quality feed composition means that the total content of acids (total acids), the total content of lactic acid and acetic acid, the content of lactic acid, the content of acetic acid, the weight loss rate (weight loss rate during the manufacturing process), the pH of the feed composition, the Freek score, or the V-Score in the feed composition is within the above-mentioned preferable ranges.

[0073] (Feed) The feed of the present invention contains at least the feed composition of the present invention, and may further contain other components as necessary.

[0074] The feed can be suitably used for livestock feed. There are no particular restrictions on the livestock, and it can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, cows, pigs, chickens, goats, sheep, etc. can be mentioned. There are no particular restrictions on the age of the livestock, and it can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

[0075] -Feed composition- The feed composition is the feed composition of the present invention described above.

[0076] There are no particular restrictions on the content of the feed composition in the feed, and it can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

[0077] -Other components- There are no particular restrictions on the other components in the feed, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, and they can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, components used in livestock feed can be mentioned. The other components may be used alone or in combination of two or more. The content of the other components in the feed is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

[0078] The method for manufacturing the feed is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. The shape, structure, and size of the feed are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

[0079] The feeding amount, feeding period, and feeding frequency (feeding interval) of the feed to livestock are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

[0080] (Feeding method for livestock) The feeding method of the present invention to livestock (hereinafter, may also be referred to as "feeding method") includes at least a feeding step, and may further include other steps as necessary.

[0081] - Feeding step - The feeding step is a step of feeding the livestock with the feed composition of the present invention.

[0082] -- Livestock -- The livestock is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. For example, cows, pigs, chickens, goats, sheep, etc. can be mentioned. The age of the livestock is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

[0083] -- Feed composition -- The feed composition is the feed composition of the present invention described above.

[0084] -- Feeding -- The method of feeding is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose. The feeding amount, feeding period, and feeding frequency (feeding interval) of the feed composition to livestock are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.

Examples

[0085] Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited to these examples at all.

[0086] (Production Example 1 Production of sake-treated charcoal) Using sake after upper tank (ordinary sake, manufactured by Hakutsuru Sake Brewing Co., Ltd.) as the liquid in the fermented product generated in the sake brewing process, activated carbon that adsorbs the components contained in the liquid in the fermented product generated in the sake brewing process was produced as follows. 30 kg of a filter aid (Celish, manufactured by Kawakita Chemical Co., Ltd.) was suspended in water, filtered with a filter press, and the filter aid was attached to the filter cloth of the filter. 300 kg of activated carbon (Kujaku Special Selection YV-Special, manufactured by Kawakita Chemical Co., Ltd.) was added to 300 kL of the sake after upper tank, stirred well, allowed to stand overnight, then filtered with a filter to separate the sake and the activated carbon, and the activated carbon that adsorbs the components contained in the liquid in the fermented product generated in the sake brewing process (hereinafter, may be referred to as "sake-treated charcoal") was recovered.

[0087] The results of measuring the nutritional components of the sake-treated charcoal obtained above are shown below. For moisture, the drying method was used; for crude protein, the Kjeldahl method was used; for crude fat, the diethyl ether extraction method was used; for crude fiber, the static method was used; and for crude ash, the direct ashing method was used for analysis. · Moisture ··· 51% by mass · Crude protein (CP) ··· 10% by mass · Crude fat (EE) ··· 1% by mass · Crude fiber (CF) ··· 27% by mass · Crude ash (CA) ··· 1% by mass · Nitrogen-free extract (NFE) ··· 10% by mass

[0088] <Example 1> The stems and leaves of sorghum were cut into pieces about 5 cm long. 25 g of the cut sorghum was placed in an anaeropack (model: A-41, manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co., Ltd.), and the sake-treated charcoal produced in Production Example 1 was added so that the weight ratio was 1%, mixed well, and then sealed. It was fermented at 30°C for 1 month to produce a feed composition.

[0089] <Evaluation 1 Acid Composition and pH> For the feed composition, the total content (wt%) of acids (total acids), the content (wt%) of malic acid, the content (wt%) of citric acid, the content (wt%) of succinic acid, the content (wt%) of lactic acid, and the content (wt%) of acetic acid were measured as follows by capillary electrophoresis, and the results are shown in Table 1. The sample was shredded into pieces 5 - 10 mm in size, 80 mL of distilled water was added to 20 g of the sample, and extraction was carried out at 5°C with shaking for 24 hours. The obtained extract was filtered through filter paper (No. 5A, manufactured by ADVANTREC), and malic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, acetic acid, and lactic acid in the filtrate were measured using a capillary electrophoresis apparatus (model: G7100A, manufactured by Agilent technology). The total amount of malic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, and acetic acid was taken as the total content of acids (total acids).

[0090] For the feed composition, the content (wt%) of butyric acid and the content (wt%) of propionic acid were measured as follows by GC / MS, and the results are shown in Table 1. The sample was shredded into pieces 5 - 10 mm in size, 80 mL of distilled water was added to 20 g of the sample, and extraction was carried out at 5°C with shaking for 24 hours. The obtained extract was filtered through filter paper (No. 5A, manufactured by ADVANTREC). After adding twice the volume of 2 - propanol (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Corporation) to the filtrate, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 15 minutes, centrifuged at 12300×g for 2 minutes using a centrifuge (model: 5424, manufactured by eppendorf). 720 μL of the supernatant was added to an equal volume of 2 - propanol, and 160 μL of an internal standard solution [a solution of 200 ppm heptanoic acid (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) in ethanol (SIGMA, 17 v / v%)] was added. Butyric acid and propionic acid in the solution were measured using GC / MS (Shimadzu GC - 2010, GC - MS QP2010Plus, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).

[0091] The total content (wt%) of lactic acid and acetic acid in the feed composition was calculated and shown in Table 1 and Figure 1. The pH of the feed composition was measured using a pH meter (model F-52T, manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.), and the results are shown in Table 1 and Figure 2.

[0092]

Table 1

[0093] <Evaluation 2 General composition and weight loss rate> The moisture content (weight %) of the feed composition was measured as follows by the drying method, and the results are shown in Table 2. 1 g of the sample was placed in a muffle furnace (model: FP-41, manufactured by Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd.), dried at 135 °C for 2 hours, cooled in a desiccator, and the mass was measured. The moisture content (weight %) was calculated by the following formula 2.

Equation

[0094] The crude protein (CP) (weight %) and total nitrogen (TN) (weight %) of the feed composition were measured as follows by the Kjeldahl method, and the results are shown in Table 2. 0.5 g of the sample was added to a Kjeldahl tube (manufactured by Nakayama Rika Seisakusho Co., Ltd.), 1 tablet of Keltab C (manufactured by Thompson & Capper), 11 mL of sulfuric acid (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Corporation), and 5 mL of hydrogen peroxide (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Corporation) were added, and it was heated at 420 °C for 90 minutes using a Kjeldahl decomposition apparatus (model: DK 20S, manufactured by Actak Co., Ltd.). After cooling, the mixture to which 100 mL of distilled water was added was used as a titration sample, and TN was measured using an automatic distillation titrator (model: Super Kjeldahl 1500, manufactured by Actak Co., Ltd.). CP was calculated by multiplying the obtained TN value by the conversion factor 5.95.

[0095] The volatile basic nitrogen (ammonia nitrogen) (VBN) (weight %) of the feed composition was measured as follows by the steam distillation method, and the results are shown in Table 2. The sample was shredded into pieces 5 to 10 mm in size. 80 mL of distilled water was added to 20 g of the sample, and extraction was carried out at 5 °C with shaking for 24 hours. The obtained extract was filtered through filter paper (No. 5A, manufactured by ADVANTREC), and a mixture of 40 mL of the filtrate and 60 mL of distilled water added to a Kjeldahl flask (manufactured by Nakayama Rika Seisakusho Co., Ltd.) was used as the distillation sample, and VBN was measured using an automatic distillation titrator (model: Super Kjeldahl 1500, manufactured by ACTAC).

[0096] The weight loss rate (%) of the feed composition (weight loss rate during the manufacturing process) was measured using an analytical balance (model CPA225D: manufactured by Sartorius) before and after manufacturing, and calculated using the following formula 1. The results are shown in Table 2 and Figure 3. [Number]

[0097] [Table 2]

[0098] [Evaluation 3 Freak Score] The ratio of the total content (weight %) of lactic acid, acetic acid, and butyric acid to the total content (weight %) of acid (total acid) was calculated and shown in Table 3. The scores of the Freak Score for lactic acid, acetic acid, and butyric acid are shown in Table 3. From these, the total score was calculated and the grade of the Freak Score is shown in Table 3.

[0099] [Table 3]

[0100] [Evaluation 4 V-Score] The ratio (VBN / TN) of volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) (weight %) to total nitrogen (TN) content (weight %) was calculated and shown in Table 4. The total content (weight %) of acetic acid + propionic acid was calculated and shown in Table 4. Volatile fatty acids (VFA) above butyric acid (by weight %) were measured by the GC / MS method as follows, and the results are shown in Table 4. The sample was shredded into pieces 5 - 10 mm in size. 80 mL of distilled water was added to 20 g of the sample, and extraction was carried out at 5°C with shaking for 24 hours. The obtained extract was filtered through filter paper (No. 5A, manufactured by ADVANTREC). After adding twice the volume of 2 - propanol (manufactured by FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation) to the filtrate, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 15 minutes, centrifuged at 12300×g for 2 minutes using a centrifuge (model: 5424, manufactured by eppendorf). 720 μL of the supernatant was added to an equal volume of 2 - propanol, and 160 μL of an internal standard solution [a solution of 200 ppm heptanoic acid (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) in ethanol (manufactured by SIGMA, 17 v / v%)] was added. Volatile fatty acids (VFA) above butyric acid in the solution were measured using GC / MS (Shimadzu GC - 2010, GC - MS QP2010Plus, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). Table 4 shows the V - Score points for VBN / TN, acetic acid + propionic acid, and VFA above butyric acid. From these, the total score was calculated and the V - Score grade is shown in Table 4.

[0101]

Table 4

[0102] <Example 2> A feed composition was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the sake - treated charcoal produced in Production Example 1 was added so that the weight ratio was 10%. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 4.

[0103] <Example 3> A feed composition was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the sake - treated charcoal produced in Production Example 1 was added so that the weight ratio was 25%. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 4.

[0104] <Example 4> A feed composition was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the sake - treated charcoal produced in Production Example 1 was added so that the weight ratio was 50%. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 4.

[0105] <Comparative Example 1> A feed composition was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the sake-treated charcoal produced in Production Example 1 was not added. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 4.

[0106] <Comparative Example 2> A feed composition was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that activated carbon (Kujaku Tokusen YV-Toku, manufactured by Kawakita Chemical Co., Ltd.) (untreated charcoal) was added at a weight ratio of 1% instead of the sake-treated charcoal produced in Production Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 4.

[0107] <Comparative Example 3> A feed composition was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that activated carbon (Kujaku Tokusen YV-Toku, manufactured by Kawakita Chemical Co., Ltd.) (untreated charcoal) was added at a weight ratio of 10% instead of the sake-treated charcoal produced in Production Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 4.

[0108] <Comparative Example 4> A feed composition was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that activated carbon (Kujaku Tokusen YV-Toku, manufactured by Kawakita Chemical Co., Ltd.) (untreated charcoal) was added at a weight ratio of 25% instead of the sake-treated charcoal produced in Production Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 4.

[0109] <Comparative Example 5> A feed composition was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that activated carbon (Kujaku Tokusen YV-Toku, manufactured by Kawakita Chemical Co., Ltd.) (untreated charcoal) was added at a weight ratio of 50% instead of the sake-treated charcoal produced in Production Example 1. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 4.

[0110] From the results in Table 1, it was found that the feed composition containing the fermentation product of a plant and activated carbon that adsorbs the components contained in the liquid in the fermentation product generated in the production process of brewed liquor is a high-quality feed composition with a high total content of acids (total acids), a high content of lactic acid, a high content of acetic acid, and a low pH.

[0111] From the results in Table 2, it was found that the feed composition containing the fermentation product of a plant and activated carbon that adsorbs the components contained in the liquid in the fermented product generated in the brewing process of fermented liquor is a high-quality feed composition with a low weight loss rate during the manufacturing process.

[0112] From the results in Table 3, it was found that the feed composition containing the fermentation product of a plant and activated carbon that adsorbs the components contained in the liquid in the fermented product generated in the brewing process of fermented liquor is a high-quality feed composition with high Freak scores and V-Score grades.

[0113] Examples of the aspects of the present invention include, for example, the following. <1> A feed composition characterized by containing a fermentation product of a plant and activated carbon that adsorbs the components contained in the liquid in the fermented product generated in the brewing process of fermented liquor. <2> The feed composition according to <1>, wherein the plant includes a gramineous plant or a leguminous plant. <3> The feed composition according to <1>, wherein the total content of malic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, lactic acid and acetic acid is 0.7% by mass or more. <4> The feed composition according to <1>, wherein the total content of lactic acid and acetic acid is 0.5% by mass or more. <5> A method for producing a feed composition according to any one of <1> to <4>, characterized by including a fermentation step of fermenting a plant and activated carbon that adsorbs the components contained in the liquid in the fermented product generated in the brewing process of fermented liquor to obtain a fermentation product. <6> A feed characterized by containing the feed composition according to any one of <1> to <4>. <7> A method for feeding livestock, characterized by including a feeding step of feeding the livestock with the feed composition according to any one of <1> to <4>.

Claims

1. A feed composition comprising a fermentation product of a plant and activated carbon adsorbed with components contained in the liquid in the fermented product produced in the manufacturing process of fermented liquor.

2. The feed composition according to Claim 1, wherein the plant includes a plant of the Gramineae family or a plant of the Leguminosae family.

3. The feed composition according to Claim 1, wherein the total content of malic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, lactic acid and acetic acid is 0.7% by mass or more.

4. The feed composition according to Claim 1, wherein the total content of lactic acid and acetic acid is 0.5% by mass or more.

5. A method for producing a feed composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized by including a fermentation step of fermenting a plant and activated carbon adsorbed with components contained in the liquid in the fermented product produced in the manufacturing process of fermented liquor to obtain a fermentation product.

6. A feed characterized by comprising the feed composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 4.

7. A method for feeding livestock, characterized by including a feeding step of feeding the livestock with the feed composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 4.

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