REALLOCATION AND RESERVATION OF RESOURCE FOR HIGH-PRIORITY COMMUNICATION AND QoS FEEDBACK

Abstract

To provide a method for reallocating and reserving resources for quality of service, QoS, feedback, and for handling some events for high priority communications in a wireless communication network in the field of wireless communication.SOLUTION: The present invention relates to an implementation of such an approach for an entity of a wireless communication network or a system that performs sidelink communications, such as a V2X Mode 3 UE, or a Mode 4 UE. Specifically, an improved technique for resource reallocation and reservation is presented for high-priority communication, for QoS feedback, and for handling some events in a wireless communication network.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communications, and more particularly, to methods of resource reallocation and reservation for high-priority communications, quality of service, QoS, feedback, and handling of several events in a wireless communication network. Embodiments relate to implementations of such methods for entities of a wireless communication network or system that perform sidelink communications such as V2X mode 3 UEs or mode 4 UEs.

Background Art

[0002] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an example of a terrestrial wireless network 100 including a core network 102 and a radio access network 104. The radio access network 104 may include a plurality of base stations gNB1 to gNB5, each serving a specific area around the base stations schematically represented by respective cells 1061 to 1065. The base stations are provided to serve users within the cells. The term base station, BS refers to a gNB in a 5G network, an eNB in UMTS / LTE / LTE-A / LTE-A Pro, or just a BS in other mobile communication standards. A user can be a fixed device or a mobile device. The wireless communication system can also be accessed by mobile or fixed IoT devices that connect to the base stations or users. The mobile device or IoT device may include physical devices, ground vehicles such as robots or cars, the latter also being called drones, aerial vehicles such as manned or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), buildings, and other items or devices, and these devices have network connectivity to enable them to collect and exchange data across existing network infrastructures. FIG. 1 shows an exemplary diagram of only five cells, but the wireless communication system may include more such cells. FIG. 1 shows two user equipment, also called UE, UE1 and UE2, which are within cell 1062 and served by base station gNB2. Another user UE3 is shown within cell 1064 and served by base station gNB4. Arrows 1081, 1082, and 1083 schematically represent uplink / downlink connections for transmitting data from user UE1, UE2, and UE3 to base stations gNB2, gNB4 or from base stations gNB2, gNB4 to user UE1, UE2, UE3. Further, FIG. 1 shows two IoT devices 1101 and 1102 within cell 1064, which can be fixed devices or mobile devices As schematically represented by arrow 1121, the IoT device 1101 accesses the wireless communication system via the base station gNB4 to receive and transmit data. As schematically represented by arrow 1122, the IoT device 1102 accesses the wireless communication system via the user UE3. Each of the base stations gNB1 to gNB5 can be connected to the core network 102 via respective backhaul links 1141 to 1145, schematically represented by arrows pointing to "Core" in FIG. 1, for example, via the S1 interface. The core network 102 can be connected to one or more external networks. Further, some or all of each of the base stations gNB1 to gNB5 can be connected to each other via respective backhaul links 1161 to 1165, schematically represented by arrows pointing to "gNBs" in FIG. 1, for example, via the S1 or X2 interface, or the XN interface in NR.

[0003] For data transmission, a physical resource grid can be used. The physical resource grid can comprise a set of resource elements to which various physical channels and physical signals are mapped. For example, the physical channels can include physical downlink and uplink shared channels (PDSCH, PUSCH) that carry user-specific data, also referred to as downlink and uplink payload data, for example, a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) that carries a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB), for example, physical downlink and uplink control channels (PDCCH, PUCCH) that carry downlink control information (DCI). In the uplink, the physical channels can further include a physical random access channel (PRACH or RACH) that is used by the UE to access the network once the UE has synchronized and acquired the MIB and SIB. The physical signals can comprise reference signals or symbols (RS), synchronization signals, etc. The resource grid can comprise a frame or radio frame that has a certain duration in the time domain and a given bandwidth in the frequency domain. The frame can have a number of subframes of a predefined length. Each subframe can include two slots of six or seven OFDM symbols, depending on the length of the cyclic prefix (CP). The frame can also consist of a smaller number of OFDM symbols when using, for example, a shortened transmission time interval (sTTI), or a mini-slot / non-slot-based frame structure with very few OFDM symbols.

[0004] The wireless communication system can be an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system, or any other single-tone or multi-carrier system that uses frequency division multiplexing, such as, for example, DFT-s-OFDM, or any other IFFT-based signal with or without a cyclic prefix (CP). Other waveforms can be used, such as non-orthogonal waveforms for multiple access, for example, filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC), generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM), or universal filtered multi-carrier (UFMC). The wireless communication system can operate according to, for example, the LTE Advanced Pro standard, or the 5G or NR, New Radio, standard.

[0005] The wireless network or communication system shown in FIG. 1 can be a heterogeneous network having a separate overlay network, for example, a network of macro cells, each macro cell including a macro base station such as gNB1 to gNB5, and a network of small cell base stations such as femto base stations or pico base stations (not shown in FIG. 1).

[0006] In addition to the terrestrial wireless network described above, there also exists a non-terrestrial wireless communication network including a spaceborne transceiver such as a satellite, and / or an airborne transceiver such as an unmanned aerial vehicle system. The non-terrestrial wireless communication network or system can operate in a manner similar to the terrestrial system described above with reference to FIG. 1, for example, according to the LTE Advanced Pro standard, or the 5G or NR, New Radio, standard.

[0007] As described above, the wireless communication network can be used by an application to provide a service to a UE within the RAN with a certain quality of service, QoS. QoS can be monitored within the wireless communication network. For example, in LTE, QoS can be determined for each evolved packet system, EPS, bearer as described in detail in reference [1], while in NR, QoS can be determined for each flow as described in detail in reference [2]. Reference [2] refers to the allocation / retention priority (ARP) that determines whether pre-allocated resources should be re-allocated in LTE and NR based on a higher priority service. ARP has a range of levels from 1 to 15 and is represented by a preemption capability that defines whether a service data flow can obtain resources already allocated to another service data flow with a lower priority level, and by a preemption vulnerability information that defines whether a service data flow can lose the resources allocated to it in order to admit a service data flow with a higher priority level. The preemption capability and preemption can consist of "yes" or "no" flags depending on the priority of the service as described in reference [3]. ARP can be considered when creating a new EPS bearer in a fully loaded wireless network, i.e., a network that currently has insufficient resources. An emergency VoIP call is a typical example where existing bearers are removed in the event that an emergency call must be made.

[0008] In the context of LTE, the network entities that handle the monitoring of the application server and reporting to the application server in EPS are the Service Capability Exposure Function (SCEF) and the Mobility Management Entity (MME). For the 3GPP architecture for service capability exposure in EPS, it is described in detail in Reference [4] with reference to Figure 4.2-2. The procedures for monitoring event configuration and deletion in the MME / SGSN are also described in detail in Reference [4] with reference to Figure 4.2.

[0009] In the context of NR, the network entities that handle the monitoring of the application server and reporting to the application server in 5GS are the Access and Mobility Management (AMF) and the Network Exposure Function (NEF). Event Exposure using the NEF is described in detail in Reference [5] with reference to Figure 4.15.3.2.3-1, and the list of event-based monitoring capabilities and the corresponding network functions (NFs) that detect events is shown in Table 4.15.3.1-1 of Reference [5].

[0010] In a mobile communication network, for example, in a network such as an LTE or 5G / NR network as described above with reference to FIG. 1, there may be UEs that communicate directly with each other on one or more sidelink (SL) channels using, for example, the PC5 interface. UEs that communicate directly with each other on the sidelink may include vehicles that communicate directly with other vehicles (V2V communication), and vehicles that communicate with other entities of the wireless communication network, such as roadside entities like traffic lights, traffic signs, or pedestrians (V2X communication). Other UEs may not be related to vehicles and may be equipped with any of the above-described devices. Such devices may also communicate directly with each other (D2D communication) using the SL channel.

[0011] Considering two UEs that communicate directly with each other on the sidelink, both UEs may be served by the same base station, that is, both UEs may be within the coverage area of a base station, such as one of the base stations shown in FIG. 1. This is called the "in-coverage" scenario. According to another example, both UEs communicating on the sidelink may not be served by a base station, which is called the "out-of-coverage" scenario. Note that "out-of-coverage" does not mean that the two UEs are not within one of the cells shown in FIG. 1, but rather that these UEs are not connected to a base station, for example, they are not in the RRC connected state. Another scenario is called the "partial coverage" scenario, according to which one of the two UEs communicating with each other on the sidelink is served by a base station, while the other UE is not served by a base station. For the two UEs communicating directly with each other on the sidelink, both UEs may be served by the same base station, that is, both UEs may be within the coverage area of a base station, such as one of the base stations shown in FIG. 1. This is called the "in-coverage" scenario. According to another example, both UEs communicating on the sidelink may not be served by a base station, which is called the "out-of-coverage" scenario. Note that "out-of-coverage" does not mean that the two UEs are not within one of the cells shown in FIG. 1, but rather that these UEs are not connected to a base station, for example, they are not in the RRC connected state. Another scenario is called the "partial coverage" scenario, according to which one of the two UEs communicating with each other on the sidelink is served by a base station, while the other UE is not served by a base station.

[0012] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a situation where two UEs communicating directly with each other are both within the coverage area of a base station. The base station gNB basically has a coverage area schematically represented by a circle 200, corresponding to the cell schematically shown in FIG. 1. The UEs communicating directly with each other include a first vehicle 202 and a second vehicle 204, both of which are within the coverage area 200 of the base station gNB. Both vehicles 202 and 204 are connected to the base station gNB and, in addition, are directly connected to each other on the PC5 interface. Scheduling and / or interference management of V2V traffic is assisted by the gNB via control signaling on the Uu interface, which is the radio interface between the base station and the UE. The gNB allocates resources to be used for V2V communication on the sidelink. This configuration is also called a mode 3 configuration.

[0013] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a situation where a UE is not within the coverage area of a base station, that is, each UE communicating directly with each other is not connected to the base station, but may be within the cell of a physical wireless communication network. Three vehicles 206, 208, and 210 are shown to communicate directly with each other on the sidelink, for example, using the PC5 interface. Scheduling and / or interference management of V2V traffic is based on an algorithm implemented between the vehicles. This configuration is also called a mode 4 configuration. As described above, the scenario in FIG. 3, which is an out-of-coverage scenario, does not mean that each mode 4 UE is outside the coverage area 200 of the base station, but rather means that each mode 4 UE is not served by the base station or is not connected to the base station of the coverage area. Therefore, there may be a situation where, in addition to the mode 3 UEs 202 and 204, mode 4 UEs 206, 208, and 210 also exist within the coverage area 200 shown in FIG. 2.

[0014] When vertical applications, such as V2X applications, run on a cellular network such as 3GPP EPS or 5GS, information about network conditions, such as congestion, can help the application adjust itself according to the network capabilities. The network conditions can include the instantaneous network status and / or a prediction of the network status. Considering V2X as an exemplary application, the importance of network status feedback can be explained for various scenarios and use cases.

[0015] The benefits and necessity of network feedback to the application are recognized in 3GPP standardization for V2X applications. - "In the V2X scenario, for a given CoR (category of requirements), the LoA (level of automation) can be adjusted in the range between 1 and 5, and this adjustment in LoA can be a result of a specific network condition (e.g., congestion). The V2X application can monitor the network condition and adapt the LoA for a given CoR corresponding to the V2X scenario. This change in LoA should also be communicated by the V2X application server to the V2X UE." [3GPP TR 23.795 clause 5.2] - "[AR-6.3.2-a] The V2X application enabler server shall enable the inherent server of the V2X application to monitor the network condition and to monitor the QoS for a single V2X UE or, collectively, for a group of V2X UEs having ongoing sessions (supporting V2X services and being in proximity)." [3GPP TR 23.795 clause 6.3.2] - "[AR-6.3.2-b] The 3GPP network system (EPS / 5GS) shall be able to report changes in QoS for V2X UEs to the V2X application enabler server." [3GPP TR 23.795 clause 6.3.2]

[0016] In the conventional 5G core network, 5GC, when the bit rate of GFBR (Guaranteed Flow Bit Rate) drops below the guaranteed rate, a notification is sent to the application. However, it is as follows: - This notification is limited to GFBR traffic and is not applicable to other flow types, - This notification does not exist in the case of a decrease in any other QoS factor, such as delay or PDB, - There is no notification to inform the application about an improvement in this rate or any other QoS factor, such as the RAN bit rate.

[0017] Therefore, the conventional notification cannot handle the network monitoring required by vertical applications such as V2X. In addition to the notification mechanism, in the core network of conventional systems such as EPC and 5GC, there is a mechanism for exposing some network events or capabilities to the application. However, such network exposure capabilities for the highly reliable and efficient performance of vertical applications such as V2X. Therefore, the conventional methods for handling high-priority transmissions and QoS are not sufficient in many situations, such as in vehicle scenarios where it is necessary to handle limited resources or some events in the system.

[0018] It should be noted that the information in the above section is only for enhancing the understanding of the background of the present invention and may therefore include information that does not form prior art already known to those skilled in the art.

Prior Art Documents

Non-Patent Literature

[0019]

Non-Patent Literature 1

Non-Patent Literature 2

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0020] Starting from the prior art described above, the object underlying the present invention is to provide an improved method for resource reallocation and reservation for high-priority communication, for QoS feedback, and for handling some events in a wireless communication network.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0021] This object is achieved by the subject matter as defined in the independent claims, and advantageous further developments are defined in the dependent claims.

[0022] Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0023]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

Figure 11

Figure 12

Figure 13

Figure 14

Figure 15(a)

Figure 15(b)

Figure 15(c)

Figure 16

Embodiments for Carrying out the Invention

[0024] Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the same or similar elements are assigned the same reference numerals.

[0025] 3GPP has defined several use cases for NR V2X, such as vehicle platooning, extended sensors, advanced driving, and remote driving. To realize such use cases, new technologies used in 5G NR can be incorporated along with the reuse of existing LTE V2X mechanisms. Since the 5G NR network is compatible with multiple numerologies and subcarrier spacings, SCSs, the NR V2X network will be able to use multiple resource pools with different SCSs. The selection of the relevant resource pool with a given SCS may depend on the application service that requests resources for transmission. It depends on the application to determine the QoS level expected from the network according to the service provided. For example, in LTE, for the V2X broadcast service There are eight different levels of priority and reliability that can be assigned to different application services. In an example where an application requests high priority, a resource pool numerology with a higher SCS may be mainly selected to meet the latency requirements. The base station BS can ensure that it meets the priority and reliability requirements in mode 3 operation. NR currently supports the following numerologies.

[0026]

Table 1

[0027] The initial vehicle-to-everything, V2X, specifications are included in Release 14 of the 3GPP standard. Resource scheduling and allocation are modified according to V2X requirements compared to the original device-to-device, D2D, communication standard. Cellular V2X operates in the above two configurations, mode 3 and mode 4, from the perspective of resource allocation. A V2X UE operating in mode 3 obtains scheduling information for sidelink, SL, transmission from a base station such as BS, eNB, or gNB, while a mode 4 UE autonomously performs resource selection. The vehicle can also transmit messages in one of two ways, namely, at regular intervals over a certain duration, called semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) transmission, or only once in a single instance, called one-shot, OS, transmission. For each of these transmissions, there is a ProSe per packet priority (PPPP) indicator and a ProSe per packet reliability (PPPR) indicator that indicate the level of priority and reliability required for the packet from a given application added to each broadcast packet.

[0028] Extended V2X addresses the achievement of a certain quality of service, QoS, for a given application service. For example, when the resource pool is highly loaded with traffic such as V2X traffic and has a high occupancy within the pool, the BS may not be able to provide the expected QoS requirements for a given application in the case of mode 3 SL transmission. In the case of mode 4 SL transmission, the UE may autonomously allocate resources without any guarantee in the QoS requirements.

[0029] The problem with conventional implementations is that some critical applications, especially those that send high-priority messages and require high reliability, may not be able to function as expected in such scenarios, thereby affecting the performance of the desired service. Also, there may be a possibility of communicating back any information that the RAN cannot meet the required QoS to the application.

[0030] This is addressed by various aspects of the present invention, which will be described in more detail below. It should be noted that each aspect will be described separately, but two or more or all of those aspects may be combined.

[0031] First aspect: Sidelink pause / resume / shift priority Embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention may be implemented in a wireless communication system as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, including a base station and a user such as a mobile terminal or an IoT device. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system for communicating information between a transmitter 300 and one or more receivers 3021 - 302 n and. The transmitter 300 and the receivers 302 may communicate via a wireless communication link or channel 304a, 304b, 304c such as a wireless link. The transmitter 300 includes one or more antennas ANT Tor an antenna array having a plurality of antenna elements, a signal processor 300a, and a transceiver 300b. The receiver 302 includes one or more antennas ANT coupled to each other R or an antenna array having a plurality of antennas, a signal processor 302a1, 302a n and transceivers 302b1, 302b n and includes.

[0032] According to one embodiment, for example, as also shown in FIG. 2, the transmitter 300 may be a base station, and the receiver may be a UE. The base station 300 and the UE 302 may communicate via respective first wireless communication links 304a and 304b such as a radio link using the Uu interface. However, the UE 302 may communicate with each other via a second wireless communication link 304c such as a radio link using the PC5 interface.

[0033] According to one embodiment, for example, as also shown in FIG. 3, the transmitter 300 may be a first UE, and the receiver may be a further UE. The first UE 300 and the further UE 302 may communicate via respective wireless communication links 304a to 304c such as a radio link using the PC5 interface.

[0034] The transmitter 300 and the one or more receivers 302 may operate in accordance with the teachings of the invention described herein.

[0035] Sidelink pause / resume / shift priority The present invention is an apparatus for a wireless communication system, the wireless communication system providing a set of resources including a plurality of resources to be allocated for each transmission, the transmission including one or more first transmissions having a first priority level and one or more second transmissions having a second priority level, the first priority level being higher than the second priority level, If there is not enough resource from a set of resources for the next first transmission, the apparatus is configured to receive a signal, There is provided an apparatus that causes the apparatus to stop an ongoing second transmission so that the signal releases resources for transmitting or receiving the first transmission.

[0036] According to an embodiment, stopping the ongoing second transmission includes pausing the second transmission for a predefined time or a pause interval, the signal comprises a message indicating a pause interval during which the second transmission is to be paused, and the interval is selected to be suitable for transmitting or receiving the first transmission.

[0037] According to an embodiment, the message further indicates a configuration that is to be used when resuming the second transmission after the first transmission is completed, the message indicates a configuration that is to be used when resuming the second transmission, and the configuration is the same configuration used for the first second transmission, or one of a plurality of other configurations known in the apparatus, or a new configuration.

[0038] According to an embodiment, each transmission includes at least one or a plurality of third transmissions having a third priority level, and the first priority level and the second priority level are higher than the third priority level, a wireless communication system provides a plurality of sets of resources, the plurality of sets of resources including a first set of resources including resources to be allocated for the first transmission and the second transmission, and a second set of resources including resources to be allocated for the third transmission.

[0039] According to an embodiment, the resources comprise a plurality of subcarriers, and a subcarrier spacing, SCS, of the resources of the first set of resources is higher than an SCS of the resources of the second set of resources.

[0040] According to an embodiment, the transmission has certain low latency and / or high reliability requirements associated with it, and / or given quota requirements, to ensure that the application service meets a required quality of service, QoS; Stopping the ongoing second transmission on the resources to be released includes reallocating resources in the second set of resources for the second transmission if certain low latency and high reliability requirements and quota requirements of the second transmission can be met.

[0041] According to an embodiment, the second transmission is buffered in a buffer of the device, and the device: If the range of the second transmission to the target exceeds the maximum range, or If the first transmission exceeds the timer, The buffered second transmission is configured to be flushed from the buffer.

[0042] According to an embodiment, the first transmission comprises a message having a first priority associated therewith and the second transmission comprises a message having a second priority associated therewith; The first message comprises one or more of an emergency and safety-related message, such as an accident warning message, a road obstacle warning, or an emergency vehicle approaching message.

[0043] According to an embodiment, The wireless communication system includes a plurality of base stations, gNBs, and a plurality of user devices, UEs, and the apparatus comprises a UE; a UE coupled to one or more other UEs via a sidelink; The UE is configured for sidelink communication with one or more other UEs, Resources from a set of resources for sidelink communication with one or more other UEs are scheduled by the gNB.

[0044] According to an embodiment, A wireless communication system includes a plurality of user devices, UEs, and an apparatus includes a UE, The UE is coupled to one or more other UEs via a sidelink, The UE is configured for sidelink communication with one or more other UEs, and the UE is configured to autonomously schedule resources from a set of resources for sidelink communication.

[0045] According to an embodiment, a signal includes sidelink control information, SCI, a message, and causes one or more other UEs that occupy resources described in the SCI message, which will be used for a first transmission, to suspend or shift a second transmission.

[0046] According to an embodiment, the priority of a message is statically mapped to a corresponding service.

[0047] According to an embodiment, a set of resources includes a plurality of resources that are continuous or discontinuous across a frequency domain and adjacent or non - adjacent across a time domain.

[0048] According to an embodiment, a set of resources defines a resource pool.

[0049] The present invention is a transmitter for a wireless communication system, the wireless communication system providing a predefined set of resources, which are to be allocated for each transmission, the transmission including one or more first transmissions having a first priority level and one or more second transmissions having a second priority level, the first priority level being higher than the second priority level, if there is not enough resource from the set of resources for the next first transmission, the transmitter is - to signal to the receiver to stop the second transmission in order to free the resources used by the ongoing second transmission, and - to reallocate the freed resources for the first transmission configured to perform.

[0050] According to an embodiment, the transmitter is configured to determine that the ratio of used resources from the set of resources has reached a predefined threshold, or that the ratio of unused resources from the set of resources has dropped below a predefined threshold, or that there is not enough unused resource within the set of resources for allocation to the first transmission configured to.

[0051] Accordingly, according to an embodiment of the first aspect, the transmitter can perform resource allocation in a highly congested resource pool due to its ability to interrupt lower-priority transmissions for which resources are already permitted. For example, when the UE is out of coverage and operating in mode 4 (see FIG. 3), the UE can send a sidelink control information (SCI) message for a higher-priority transmission, such as an emergency or safety-related message, and other UEs occupying the resources described in the higher-transmission SCI can pause or shift their lower-priority transmissions, thereby giving priority to the higher-priority transmission. According to an embodiment, the MAC layer can be responsible for priority handling of packets arriving at the physical layer, and if a lower-priority message has already been allocated a grant within the congested resource pool and has already started transmission on the SL, the solution of the present invention makes it possible to reallocate resources to a higher-priority message. According to an embodiment, a network entity such as a BS or UE can pause or shift a lower-priority transmission so that the resources can be reallocated for a higher-priority transmission. Further, the BS can reallocate resources for a second transmission within an alternative resource pool, for example, to a resource pool with a lower subcarrier spacing (SCS) for a lower-priority transmission, if the requirements of the above transmission can be met.

[0052] For the case of a mode 3 UE, the embodiment can support signaling for SPS pause or shift. Since resources can be reserved for transmission only in the method of semi-persistent scheduling (SPS), according to an embodiment, new parameters in the SPS configuration can be used to represent the pause or shift interval, or the reduced-frequency interval (SPS interval).

[0053] In the case of a Mode 4 UE, the embodiment causes a UE that occupies resources for a lower-priority transmission to suspend or shift its transmission until a higher-priority transmission is completed. The priority of the transmitted packet can be mapped to the corresponding V2X service and can be assumed to be static and secure. For example, in the case of a Mode 4 UE, the mapping can be hard-coded to prevent a V2X application from interrupting and manipulating the priority for its own beneficial gain.

[0054] Second aspect: Embodiments of the second aspect of the present invention can be implemented in a wireless communication system as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 and as described above with reference to FIG. 4, including a base station and a user such as a mobile terminal or an IoT device. The transmitters 300 and one or more receivers 302 can operate according to the teachings of the present invention described herein.

[0055] Occupancy threshold The present invention provides a transmitter for a wireless communication system, the wireless communication system providing a set of resources including a plurality of resources to be allocated for each transmission, the transmission including one or more first transmissions having a first priority level and one or more second transmissions having a second priority level, the first priority level being higher than the second priority level, when the occupancy of the set of resources reaches a predefined threshold, the transmitter - reserves an amount of unoccupied resources from the set of resources for the first transmission, and - allocates the reserved resources for the first transmission is provided.

[0056] According to an embodiment, the transmitter is configured to reserve an amount of unoccupied resources when it reaches a certain occupancy or traffic load threshold.

[0057] According to an embodiment, when the occupancy rate or traffic load reaches a threshold, the transmitter starts: - allocating only the reserved resources for the first transmission, and - stopping allocating resources for the second transmission and is configured to do so.

[0058] According to an embodiment, each transmission includes at least a third transmission having a third priority level, and the first priority level and the second priority level are higher than the third priority level, the wireless communication system provides a plurality of sets of resources, and the plurality of sets of resources include a first set of resources including resources to be allocated for the first transmission and the second transmission, and a second set of resources including resources to be allocated for the third transmission.

[0059] According to an embodiment, a transmission has certain low latency and / or high reliability requirements and / or quota requirements associated therewith to ensure that the application service meets the required quality of service, QoS, in response to stopping allocating resources for the second transmission, the transmitter is configured to allocate resources for the second transmission in the second set of resources if certain low latency and / or high reliability requirements and / or quota requirements of the second transmission can be met.

[0060] According to an embodiment, the resource includes a plurality of subcarriers, and the subcarrier spacing, SCS, of the resources in the first set of resources is higher than the SCS of the resources in the second set of resources.

[0061] According to an embodiment, the transmitter is configured to select the amount of resources to be reserved for a first transmission based on the real-time load of a set of resources or based on the expected load.

[0062] According to an embodiment, a wireless communication system includes a plurality of base stations, gNBs, and a plurality of user devices, UEs, the transmitter includes a gNB, a UE is coupled to one or more other UEs via a sidelink, the UE is configured for sidelink communication with one or more other UEs, resources from a set of resources for sidelink communication with one or more other UEs are scheduled by the gNB.

[0063] According to an embodiment, a wireless communication system includes a plurality of user devices, UEs, the transmitter includes one of the UEs, a UE is coupled to one or more other UEs via a sidelink, the UE is configured for sidelink communication with one or more other UEs, and the UE is configured to autonomously schedule resources from a set of resources for sidelink communication.

[0064] According to an embodiment, the set of resources comprises a plurality of resources that are continuous or discontinuous across a frequency domain and adjacent or non-adjacent across a time domain.

[0065] According to an embodiment, the set of resources defines a resource pool.

[0066] Therefore, the embodiment of the second aspect is mainly developed around preemptively securing resources within a resource pool for high-priority transmission, along with the condition that a certain occupancy rate or traffic load threshold has been reached. This is, for example, another embodiment to ensure that high-priority SL transmissions occur without delay. A small set of fixed resources that will be reserved for high-priority transmission can be based on the real-time load, or the expected load, of the resource pool. According to the embodiment, the reservation can be activated only after the occupancy rate of the resource pool reaches this predefined threshold.

[0067] Third aspect: Embodiments of the third aspect of the present invention can be implemented in a wireless communication system as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, including a base station and a user such as a mobile terminal or an IoT device. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system 308 having a core network 310 to which an application server 312 can be connected. The application server runs an application to provide a certain service to a receiver with a certain quality of service, QoS. Further, the system includes a radio access network, RAN, 314 coupled to the core network 310, and the RAN 314 includes a plurality of transmitters and receivers. The wireless communication system 308 can operate according to the teachings of the present invention described herein. FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system 308 having a core network 310 to which an application server 312 can be connected. The application server runs an application to provide a certain service to a receiver with a certain quality of service, QoS. Further, the system includes a radio access network, RAN, 314 coupled to the core network 310, and the RAN 314 includes a plurality of transmitters and receivers. The wireless communication system 308 can operate according to the teachings of the present invention described herein.

[0068] QOS feedback The present invention is a wireless communication system, a radio access network, RAN, including a plurality of transmitters and receivers, the RAN, and a core network, CN, coupled to the RAN, wherein an application server is connectable to the core network, CN, the application server is configured to run an application, and the application is configured to provide a certain service to a receiver within the RAN, the CN. A wireless communication system is configured to obtain at least a part of the status of a RAN, and to notify an application and / or a receiver that executes a service provided by the application of the RAN status and / or any change in the RAN status, so that the performance of the service depends on the RAN status and the application can modify its requirements accordingly, and a wireless communication system is provided.

[0069] According to the present invention, - the performance has quality of service, QoS, and the application requests the network and / or the wireless communication system to provide the service to the receiver with a certain QoS, - the wireless communication system is configured to use the RAN status to determine whether a certain QoS can be fulfilled by the RAN or not, and to signal to the application and / or the receiver whether a certain QoS can be fulfilled or not.

[0070] According to the present invention, the wireless communication system - in response to a request from the application, or - in response to an event in the RAN, or - at a certain interval, the interval being set by the application, for example, at a certain interval is configured to obtain the status of the RAN.

[0071] According to the present invention, an event in the RAN is - a failure or malfunction of one or more RAN entities, - a decrease or increase in wireless coverage in the RAN, - a handover of a UE from one cell in the RAN to another cell in the RAN, - one or more UEs connect to the RAN or disconnect from the RAN, for example, a radio link failure comprises one or more of the following.

[0072] According to the present invention, the core network is configured to - request status reports from the RAN and / or subscribe to events from the RAN, and - push status reports or events to the application, - signal and / or report status reports or events to the application and / or to an application function (AF) and / or to a network function (NF).

[0073] According to the present invention, the RAN is configured to - collect data related to the status of the RAN from one or more RAN entities, - process the data and / or detect status events for creating status reports, and - signal status reports and / or events to the core network.

[0074] According to the present invention, the RAN comprises one or more base stations, gNBs, for serving respective UEs, and the gNB is configured to collect and process data related to the status of the cells served by the gNB, and to signal and / or report status reports and / or events to the core network.

[0075] According to the present invention, the gNB is configured to collect and process data related to the status of one or more cells served by other gNBs.

[0076] According to the present invention, The core network comprises a Network Data Analytics Entity or Function, NWDAF, The RAN - collects data related to the status of the RAN from one or more RAN entities, and - signals data to the core network is configured to perform The NWDAF - processes data from the RAN to create status reports and / or detect events and / or predict future status and / or predict possible or likely future events, and - signals and / or reports status reports and / or predictions to applications and / or receivers is configured to perform.

[0077] According to the present invention, the RAN comprises one or more base stations, gNBs, for serving respective UEs, and the gNBs are configured to collect data related to the status of the cells served by the gNBs, and to signal data to the NWDAF through network functions (NFs) such as an access and mobility function (AMF) and / or a session management function (SMF).

[0078] According to the present invention, the gNBs are configured to collect and process data related to the status of one or more cells served by other gNBs.

[0079] According to the present invention, the RAN - collects data related to the status of the RAN from one or more RAN entities, - To create status reports and / or detect events, data is processed, and - To signal and / or report status reports and / or events to an application and / or a receiver that executes services provided by the application is configured to perform.

[0080] According to the present invention, the RAN includes one or more base stations, gNBs, for serving respective UEs, and the gNB is configured to collect and process data related to the status of the cells served by the gNB, and to signal and / or report status reports and / or events to an application and / or a receiver that executes services provided by the application.

[0081] According to the present invention, the gNB is configured to collect and process data related to the status of one or more cells served by other gNBs.

[0082] According to the present invention, the status report includes - Signal traffic load in the RAN, - Resources in the RAN, - Congestion in the RAN, - Interference of all UEs of one or more cells in the RAN, - Achievable QoS requirements in the RAN including one or more of.

[0083] According to the present invention, a wireless communication system is configured to report whether a certain QoS can be fulfilled or cannot be fulfilled in response to an application request from a core network for reporting on QoS or another RAN measurement that causes a change in achievable QoS.

[0084] According to the present invention, an event includes a change in the RAN and / or network, for example, congestion in the RAN, overload in the RAN, a decrease or increase in the achievable QoS.

[0085] According to the present invention, in response to an application subscribing to a notification from the core network regarding a QoS change or another RAN event that causes a change in the achievable QoS in a wireless communication system, the wireless communication system is configured to signal whether a certain QoS can be fulfilled or cannot be fulfilled.

[0086] According to the present invention, the RAN is configured to provide a set of resources including a plurality of resources to be allocated for each transmission, the transmission includes one or more first transmissions having a first priority level and one or more second transmissions having a second priority level, and the first priority level is higher than the second priority level. When the wireless communication system determines that the set of resources is fully occupied by the first transmission, the wireless communication system is configured to notify the application and / or the receiver that it cannot meet a certain QoS.

[0087] According to the present invention, the wireless communication system of the present invention comprises an application server connected to the core network, and in response to signaling from the wireless communication system, the application and / or the receiver is configured to adapt to a change in the achievable QoS.

[0088] Therefore, according to the embodiment of the third aspect, the communication system provides a path or mechanism or procedure for the RAN side to notify the application whether a certain service can be fulfilled with the desired QoS. For example, when the resource pool is completely occupied by high-priority transmissions, the BS can inform the application or the application server that, for example, in the case of a fully autonomous vehicle, it is not possible to meet the required priority and reliability (QoS), so that the application can modify its behavior accordingly. Related network entities (in the case of LTE) or network functions (in the case of 5G) related to the application layer can subscribe to monitor various changes in QoS-related events or RAN events. Then, these events can be signaled back to the application function.

[0089] Fourth aspect: Embodiments of the fourth aspect of the present invention can be implemented in a wireless communication system as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, and 5. The wireless communication system 308 can operate according to the teachings of the present invention described herein.

[0090] Push notification The present invention is a wireless communication system, an application server configured such that the application server executes an application, and the application is configured to provide a certain service to a receiver within the RAN, an application server, a core network to which the application server is connected, a radio access network, RAN, coupled to the core network, the RAN including a plurality of transmitters and receivers, and the RAN. The core network is configured to send push notifications to an application, such as an application server or an application client, where the push notification indicates that an event has occurred, thereby providing a wireless communication system.

[0091] According to an embodiment, the core network is - configured to monitor the situation or status of the wireless communication system and - configured to determine whether an event has occurred in the wireless communication system.

[0092] According to an embodiment, the application server is configured to receive push notifications without an explicit subscription to the corresponding event.

[0093] According to an embodiment, the push notification is - for example, in the case of a natural disaster where a part of the system completely breaks down, critical or major situations or failures in the RAN or any other part of the system, or - for example, in the case of V2X, when the application server detects a dangerous situation on the road, such as a major accident, fire, etc., and requests the network to send a push notification to all other application servers that are active within the relevant area, such as V2X application servers, critical situations detected by another application server, or - critical situations detected by a UE, such as a V2X UE, such as a major accident, fire, etc. to notify the application server of critical events or warnings, such as the above.

[0094] ​Thus, according to an embodiment of the fourth aspect, an application server may receive one or more push notifications, for example, without an explicit subscription to any corresponding event, to provide a path and / or mechanism and / or procedure for push notifications originating from various sources such as a RAN, another application server, a core network, etc. Of course, the scenarios mentioned herein are merely examples, and the sources of the push notifications mentioned are not exhaustive.

[0095] System The present invention relates to a wireless communication network, at least one device according to the present invention, and at least one transmitter according to the present invention and provides a wireless communication network comprising the same.

[0096] According to an embodiment, a set of resources comprises a plurality of resources that are continuous or discontinuous across a frequency domain and adjacent or non - adjacent across a time domain.

[0097] According to an embodiment, a set of resources defines a resource pool.

[0098] According to an embodiment, a receiver and a transmitter are - a mobile terminal, or - a fixed terminal, or - a cellular IoT - UE, or - an IoT device, or - a ground vehicle, or - an aerial vehicle, or - a drone, or - a mobile base station, or - a roadside unit, or - a building, or - Any other item or device that enables the item / device to communicate using a wireless communication network, any other item or device with network connectivity, such as a sensor or an actuator, and - A macrocell base station, or - A small cell base station, or - A roadside unit, or - A UE, or - A remote radio head, or - An AMF, or - An SMF, or - A core network entity, or - A network slice, such as in the case of an NR or 5G core context, or - Any transmission / reception point (TRP) that enables an item or device to communicate using a wireless communication network, where the item or device has network connectivity for communicating using the wireless communication network, any transmission / reception point (TRP) comprises one or more of the above.

[0099] The present invention provides a wireless communication network comprising at least one of the UEs of the present invention and at least one of the base stations of the present invention. Provided.

[0100] According to an embodiment, a receiver and a transmitter are any transmission and reception point (TRP) that enables an item or device to communicate using a wireless communication network, such as a mobile terminal, or a fixed terminal, or a cellular IoT-UE, or an IoT device, or a ground vehicle, or an aerial vehicle, or a drone, or a mobile base station, or a roadside unit, or a building, or a macro cell base station, or a small cell base station, or a roadside unit, or a UE, or a remote radio head, or an AMF, or an SMF, or a core network entity, or in the case of an NR or 5G core context, a network slice, and the item or device comprises one or more of any transmission and reception point (TRP) that has network connectivity for communicating using the wireless communication network.

[0101] Method 1. Aspect The present invention is a method for a wireless communication system, the wireless communication system provides a set of resources including a plurality of resources to be allocated for each transmission, the transmission includes one or more first transmissions having a first priority level and one or more second transmissions having a second priority level, and the first priority level is higher than the second priority level. The method includes receiving a signal if there are not enough resources from the set of resources for the next first transmission. The signal causes an ongoing second transmission to stop so as to free up resources for transmitting or receiving the first transmission, and a method is provided.

[0102] The present invention is a method for transmission for a wireless communication system, wherein the wireless communication system provides a predefined set of resources including a plurality of resources to be allocated for each transmission, and the transmission includes one or more first transmissions having a first priority level and one or more second transmissions having a second priority level, and the first priority level is higher than the second priority level, when there is not enough resources from the set of resources for the next first transmission, the method - signaling to a receiver to stop a second transmission in order to free up resources used by the ongoing second transmission; - reallocating the freed-up resources for the first transmission and includes a method.

[0103] 2. Aspect The present invention is a method for transmission for a wireless communication system, wherein the wireless communication system provides a set of resources including a plurality of resources to be allocated for each transmission, and the transmission includes one or more first transmissions having a first priority level and one or more second transmissions having a second priority level, and the first priority level is higher than the second priority level, when the occupancy rate of the set of resources reaches a predefined threshold, the method - reserving a certain amount of unoccupied resources from the set of resources for the first transmission; - allocating the reserved resources for the first transmission and includes a method.

[0104] 3. Aspect The present invention is a method for operating a wireless communication system, wherein the wireless communication system is a radio access network, RAN, wherein the RAN includes a plurality of transmitters and receivers, the RAN and A core network, CN, coupled to a RAN, wherein an application server is connectable to the core network, CN, the application server is configured to execute an application, and the application is configured to provide a service to a receiver within the RAN. The method includes obtaining at least a portion of the status of the RAN and informing an application and / or a receiver that executes a service provided by the application of the RAN status and / or any change in the RAN status, wherein the performance of the service depends on the RAN status and the application can modify its requirements accordingly.

[0105] 4. Aspect The present invention provides a method for operating a wireless communication system according to the present invention.

[0106] Computer program product The present invention provides a computer program product comprising instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform one or more methods according to the present invention.

[0107] Next, preferred embodiments will be described in more detail. Hereinafter, reference is made to a resource pool. However, the present invention is not limited to a resource pool. Rather, the techniques of the present invention are equally applicable to any set of resources. The pool or set of resources can include a plurality of resources that are continuous or discontinuous over a frequency domain and adjacent or non-adjacent over a time domain. Accordingly, when reference is made to a resource pool herein, this should also be understood as a reference to a set of resources.

[0108] First aspect Next, an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 6, wherein FIG. 6 shows a transmission suspension for freeing or releasing resources to be used for a service with a higher priority. In the following description, it is assumed that the transmitter 300 in FIG. 4 is a base station, the receiver 302 is a UE, and the UEs may or may not directly communicate with each other on the sidelink 304c. In the latter case, the UE may be a V2X mode 3 UE (see FIG. 2).

[0109] FIG. 6 schematically shows a resource pool 360 including a plurality of resources 362, and the resource pool 360 is shown at different times, i.e., at time t0, at a later time t1, for example, 5 ms after time t0, and at a time t2 subsequent to t1, for example, 5 ms after time t1. It is assumed that the resource pool 360 includes columns 1 to 3 and rows 1 to 6, and that for communication from the base station 300 to the UE 3021, the resources in row 1 and the resources in row 4 of the resource pool 360 are available. At time t0, the base station 300 performs an initial allocation of resources for transmission to the UE 3021 for the next 10 ms. It is assumed that resources for two messages need to be allocated, and that those messages are of substantially the same priority and that at least none of them require a high-priority transmission. For example, the first transmission has the two allocated resources shown by the cross-hatched blocks, the resources in column 3, row 1 and the resources in column 2, row 4, and the second transmission has the three allocated resources shown by the hatched blocks, i.e., the resources in column 1, row 4, the resources in column 2, row 1, and the resources in column 3, row 4. Thus, in the illustrated example, only one resource in column 1, row 1 remains unallocated.

[0110] At time t1, the base station 300 receives a request for transmission of a high-priority message that needs to be signaled to the UE 3021 with low latency. Three resources are required for high-priority transmission. However, at this time, for transmission to the UE 3021, all resources except one are occupied, so it is assumed that there are not enough available resources in the pool for high-priority transmission. Therefore, according to the present invention, the base station determines, for example, which of the currently transmitted messages has the lowest priority, for example, the first message. The base station releases the resources associated with the second transmission (see the resources marked with an 'x' in FIG. 6), thereby freeing the resources in column 1, row 4, column 2, row 1, and column 3, row 4 of the resource pool 360. At the next possible time, such as time t2, resource allocation is performed to fully or at least partially allocate the freed resources to the high-priority transmission, as indicated by the black box. The newly allocated resources at time t2 can be used for downlink transmission of a high-priority message from the base station 300 to the UE 3021, or for uplink transmission of a high-priority message from the UE 3021 to the base station 300. Since there are not enough resources in the pool for high-priority transmission, the UE 3021 receives a signal from the base station 300 indicating that the transmission of the second transmission needs to be stopped or suspended so that the resources already allocated for the first transmission are freed. The UE 3021 can either discard the first transmission or, when the high-priority transmission is completed, resume the transmission at a later time triggered by a pre-configured timer or a time value signaled via an RRC message, or relayed via a sidelink by another UE.

[0111] According to other embodiments, when the UE also communicates via a sidelink interface, such as the PC5 interface 304c in FIG. 4, the resources described above with reference to FIG. 4 are obtained by releasing the resources initially allocated to lower-priority transmissions on the sidelink in the manner described above, so that high-priority messages can be relayed between UEs 3021 and 302n via the PC5 interface 304c. The resources used for sidelink communication can be such that high-priority messages can be relayed between UEs 3021 and 302n via the PC5 interface 304c.

[0112] In the embodiments described above, it was assumed that the high-priority message is a downlink message directed to the UE so that the base station can receive the signaling from, for example, an application running on an application server coupled to the core network of the wireless communication system. On the other hand, in the case of a service or application running on the UE that requires a high-priority uplink message to be transmitted to the base station, the signaling can also be received from the UE. The apparatus can also be a UE communicating with another UE via a sidelink interface, and one of those UEs can receive an indication or signaling from an associated service or application that a high-priority message is to be transmitted on the sidelink, which requires the release of resources of a previously scheduled or ongoing lower-priority transmission.

[0113] According to embodiments, stopping a lower-priority transmission can include pausing the transmission for a predefined time or interval, and resuming the transmission after an interval selected to ensure that a higher-priority transmission is securely accommodated. The first transmission can be resumed using the same configuration as before, or a new configuration selected from a list of existing configurations, or a new configuration provided for resuming the lower-priority transmission.

[0114] According to an embodiment, a plurality of resource pools may be provided. For example, a resource pool with a higher priority may have a higher subcarrier spacing, SCS. For example, in the context of LTE (PPPR), there may be eight levels of reliability, and in NR, there are 5QI or VQI indicators. Messages related to the three highest priority levels may be associated with resources within a 60kHz - SCS - resource pool, which may be called a high - priority / low - latency resource pool, selected from a set of available resource pools for transmission. If the resource pools, i.e., high - priority / low - priority resource pools, are completely congested, the base station is not in a position to allocate any resources for new transmissions, either on the sidelink between two UEs or on the link between the base station and one of the UEs. On the other hand, due to the low latency and / or high reliability and / or quota requirements of high - priority messages, and / or due to the safety - critical nature of messages such as emergency calls, the BS may not reject any transmission of the highest priority. In other words, high - priority messages may have certain latency, reliability, and quota, such as data rate requirements, or any combination of these requirements. In this case, according to the method of the present invention, as described above, at time t0, when resources are available and the duration of the grant has not yet elapsed, the base station, BS, which has already sent a grant for a lower - priority transmission to the UE, such as an SPS transmission, may withdraw the resources allocated for the lower - priority transmission to be favorable for the higher - priority transmission. When a plurality of resource pools with different priority levels are provided, when using resources from a lower - priority pool, if the requirements for the lower - priority transmission are still met, the BS may attempt to re - allocate the resources for the lower - priority transmission to another resource pool with a lower SCS. If no additional pool is available or the re - allocation to the lower - priority pool does not meet the transmission requirements, the transmission of the lower - priority message may be suspended until the transmission of the high - priority message is completed.When using a new, lower-priority resource pool or resuming the transmission of lower-priority messages, the reallocation, which is performed either way, can be done by sending the UE a corrected or updated SPS configuration based on the resource pool load.

[0115] According to an example, for instance, if the base station knows the amount of resources required for the duration of transmitting higher-priority messages, the base station can notify the UE transmitting lower-priority messages based on the buffer status report request from the UE transmitting higher-priority messages so that the interval during which the UE stops or suspends transmitting lower-priority messages can be determined. This enables higher-priority messages to be transmitted within a highly congested dedicated / shared resource pool. After the interval, the UE can then resume transmitting lower-priority messages using the resources initially allocated by the base station, or the lower-priority SPS transmission can be shifted in time, for example, using an offset, to enable the transmission of higher-priority messages. Note that the higher-priority messages can be either one-shot transmissions or SPS transmissions.

[0116] According to an embodiment, in the case of the sidelink transmission mode, SPS transmission can be used, and the base station requests a UE that transmits a lower-priority message to pause or shift the transmission so as to be advantageous for higher-priority transmission to or from the UE. In this scenario, the BS may use a corrected SPS configuration with new parameters describing the interval pause / shift, as shown in FIG. 7 showing an embodiment for the SPS-config information element, IE. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the SPS-config IE, as described in reference [8], is extended by elements "ToPauseList", "ToResumeList", "ToShiftList" as shown in 400, 402, and 404 in FIG. 7. "ToPauseList" indicates the SPS-configuration for the sidelink that must be paused, "ToResumeList" indicates which of the available SPS-configurations are used when resuming the lower-priority transmission, and "ToShiftList" indicates the duration during which the transmission of the lower-priority transmission is paused. If "ToResumeList" is not indicated, the first configuration used for the lower-priority transmission will also be used when resuming the transmission. Thus, the above-described new parameters referring to pausing, resuming, and shifting enable adaptation of higher transmissions to be transmitted by the UE to the BS or another UE or received at the UE from the BS or another UE. The BS configures a UE with a lower-priority transmission to resume the transmission when a higher-priority message is transmitted, for example, using RRC connection reconfiguration signaling accordingly, such as an RRC reconfiguration message.

[0117] Therefore, the above new parameters referring to pausing, resuming, and shifting make it possible to adapt higher transmissions to be transmitted by the UE to the BS or another UE or received at the UE from the BS or another UE. The BS configures a UE with a lower-priority transmission to resume the transmission when a higher-priority message is transmitted, for example, using RRC connection reconfiguration signaling accordingly, such as an RRC reconfiguration message.

[0118] According to another embodiment, the apparatus can be a UE connected to another UE via a sidelink configuration, and as described with reference to FIG. 3, each UE is out of coverage and operating in mode 4. Thus, the base station has no control over resource allocation, but even in such a scenario, the highly congested mode 4 resource pool needs to be handled so that lower priority transmissions can yield to higher priority transmissions. The UE can scan and detect the resource pool for available resources and select the available resources based on the lowest probability of collision. If the resource pool does not have sufficient resources for higher priority transmissions, for example, is fully occupied, and the UE broadcasts an SCI indicating that there is a high priority message, the SCI will also describe, for example, the resources to be used for the high priority message transmission based on the UE's decision after scanning and detecting the resource pool and selecting the resource with the lowest probability of collision. The method of the present invention will be applied, for example, even in the above process, when the resource with the lowest probability of collision does not solve the problem of the congested resource pool. To increase the reliability of receiving high priority messages and reduce the risk of collision, the UE occupying the selected resources is signaled to interrupt or suspend their transmissions on the resources indicated in the SCI for the duration also indicated in the SCI to enable higher priority transmissions. This ensures that higher priority transmissions occur without interruption and that, upon completion, the UE transmitting lower priority messages can resume transmission using, for example, the resources initially used.

[0119] In any of the above scenarios, lower-priority messages, whose transmission can be suspended, may be stored in the buffer of a device or entity that performs transmission, such as a UE. However, after the transmission of high-priority messages is completed, there may be situations where it is no longer desired or possible to transmit lower-priority messages, and in such situations, the lower-priority messages will be flushed from the buffer. For example, in the case of a moving entity, such as a vehicle, if the communication arranged between vehicles exceeds the maximum communication range, the lower-priority messages will be flushed. For example, if a vehicle UE that transmits lower-priority messages has advanced a certain distance, such as 1 km from the receiving vehicle UE, any low-priority information regarding the surroundings immediately adjacent to the transmitting vehicle is no longer important for the receiving vehicle that is now at a far distance. Alternatively, if a higher-priority message exceeds a timer, the buffer of the vehicle UE that sends lower-priority messages may also be flushed.

[0120] Second aspect According to a second aspect of the present invention, another approach to address the problem of enabling high-priority transmission is to reserve a small set of resources within a resource pool that is then provided only for high-priority transmission. Figure 8 schematically shows an embodiment of a second aspect of the present invention, and for communication between each network entity within a radio access network, such as between a base station BS and one or more UEs, a resource pool 360 of resources available for communication between the BS and the UE is shown at time t1. At this time, only 50% of the resources are being used or scheduled, so it is assumed that any incoming high-priority messages that are to be transmitted either from the BS to the UE, from the UE to the BS, or between multiple UEs will be allocated sufficient resources for transmission.

[0121] At a time after time t2 shown in FIG. 8, the traffic within the cell covered by the base station BS may increase, and it is determined that 90% of the resources of the pool 360 are used at this time. In such a scenario, that is, when the 90% threshold is reached, the allocation of resources to low-priority messages is stopped, and the remaining unused resources are allocated only to high-priority messages. When the threshold decreases again, the system may return to the situation as shown at time t1, that is, any of the available resources can be allocated to any message. In the situation as shown at time t2, if multiple resource pools with different SCSs are available, low-priority messages for which resources are not allocated for this purpose due to the occupancy level of the first resource pool 360 may have resources allocated from a further resource pool with a lower SCS if the requirements for the transmissions to be performed can be satisfied using resources from the lower-SCS resource pool.

[0122] Thus, according to the second aspect, at a time when the occupancy or traffic increases and the number of corresponding available resources decreases, a small set of the resources reserved at this time takes a trade-off balance regarding the amount of data to be transmitted and the resources available for transmission.

[0123] It should be noted that the above aspect can also be used in direct communication between two UEs via sidelink where the UE is either in mode 3 or mode 4.

[0124] Aspect 3 As described above, conventional approaches to QoS handling are not sufficient in many situations, such as in vehicle scenarios. When vertical applications, such as V2X applications, are executed on a cellular network, 3GPP EPS, or 5GS network as described above, it is desirable to obtain information about network situations such as congestion in order to enable the application to adjust itself according to the current network situation or capabilities. The network situation or capabilities may include the status or capabilities of the network at the current time and / or its prediction for the future. For example, considering V2X, the need for feedback from the network to the application has been recognized by the present invention. Examples of functions that may be required for the reliable and efficient performance of vertical applications such as V2X are one or more of the following. - A mechanism for the application to monitor (or obtain feedback on) RAN status, such as congestion, overload, etc. - A mechanism for sharing all / part of the information with the UE in addition to the conventional system where the monitoring information can be obtained by the application server. - A QoS framework for monitoring sidelinks, such as PC5, and the status of sidelinks. - A monitoring report or notification to the application at the detection of an event such that the application server can react upon receipt of such feedback / notification.

[0125] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a mechanism is provided that obtains at least a partial status of the RAN and notifies a receiver that executes an application and / or a service provided by the application of the RAN status and / or any change in the RAN status. The performance of a service such as QoS depends on the RAN status. Thereby, the application in the UE and / or in the application server can modify its expected value / requirement accordingly. Thus, since the network provides feedback to the UE that it cannot manage the required requirements, the UE's application can be modified accordingly. For example, information about congestion and overload is obtained, in other words, the RAN status regarding available resources is monitored. Based on this information, for example, the quality of service that can be provided via the RAN can be monitored using the PC5 interface, or more generally, the status of the link between communicating entities, for example, the status of the sidelink regarding resources available for transmission can be monitored. For example, in the case of an event, the application server or UE that executes the application can react in response to the corresponding feedback. In some applications / services, the delay caused by this process can be critical. For example, in the case of a platooning service in a V2X application, when the network can provide a high QoS for the service, the server can reduce the distance between platooning members to reduce energy consumption. If the QoS suddenly drops, for safety reasons, it may be necessary to immediately increase the distance between platooning members. Another example is the case of autonomous driving. When the network coverage decreases, the application needs to react immediately, for example, by reducing the level of automation and switching the control to manual mode. For example, the status can be obtained when the current cell status changes, for example, during handover between cells, macro cells, small cells, or between macro cells / small cells.

[0126] Conventional techniques can monitor events related to the link between a UE and a network, such as the location of the UE, UE reachability, loss of connectivity, communication failures, or the number of UEs present within a specific geographical area, but the RAN situation or status is not actually monitored. For example, congestion or overload is not monitored by the core network. Therefore, neither the resources within the RAN nor the achievable QoS is monitored. According to a third aspect of the present invention, this defect is remedied.

[0127] FIG. 9 shows an embodiment for monitoring the RAN situation, schematically showing each network entity within an EPS system including an application server 312 coupled to a core network 310 coupled to a radio access network, RAN, 314 (see also Reference [6]). The core network includes a service capability exposure function, SCEF 310a, a home subscriber server, HSS, 310b, and a mobility management entity, MME / serving GPRS support node, SGSN, 310c. The application server 312 can execute one or more applications and issue a monitoring request via the cellular networks 310, 314 in step 1, and the monitoring request is handled by the SCEF 310a as shown in step 2. SCEF handling can include communication with the HSS 310b for external group ID resolution as shown in steps 2a and 2b. In response to receiving the monitoring request, the SCEF sends the monitoring request in step 3, and the monitoring request is handled by the MME 310c as shown in step 4. In step 5, a monitoring response is provided to return to the SCEF 310a. So far, the process corresponds to the conventional process described in Reference [6].

[0128] According to an embodiment of the third aspect of the present invention, the conventional procedure is extended by steps 4a, 4b, and 4c, and the process of monitoring is not stopped at the MME 310c but extended to the RAN 314. It becomes a sea urchin. In step 4a, the MME 310c signals to the RAN 314 that it requires information about one or more of a certain information from the RAN 314, for example, the signal traffic load, resources, congestion, interference of one or more cells of the RAN 314. The RAN 314 collects data in step 4b, for example, to create a RAN status report. In step 4c, the RAN status report based on the request in step 4a is provided to the core network 310 or directly pushed to a relevant network entity such as the SCEF 310a that provides an interface to the application on the server 312. The status report may also be provided to the UEs that use the services provided by the application. The application, for example, the application server, and / or the application client, and / or the UE may, based on the status information, for example, determine whether the desired QoS is still achievable, for example, whether autonomous driving is still possible, or whether, due to a QoS degradation, an adaptation of the service provided by the application, for example, in the case of autonomous driving, whether a return to manual control will be implemented.

[0129] In the following, the concept of the third aspect of the present invention for obtaining the RAN status will be described with reference to the handover, HO, procedure. However, the method of the present invention is not limited to obtaining RAN status reports in such events. Rather, any other event or signaling from the application can trigger such a report. FIG. 10 is a signaling chart for UE QoS feedback adaptation of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. More specifically, FIG. 10 shows an embodiment that modifies the conventional HO procedure in the EPS system in which, for example, when a predicted HO to a plurality of target cells is enabled, the source eNB notifies the UE whether the next cell / group of cells can / cannot meet the QoS requirements. Of course, the method of the present invention can be applied to any scenario in which QoS changes within the same cell.

[0130] After step A where the source gNB evaluates the possible serving area restrictions of the UE together with the target gNB, and following step B where the UE reports measurement values, steps C to G are executed as follows.

[0131] Step C: In addition to the normal approval request for HO, the source eNB requests a resource pool status information (RPSI) report from the target eNB.

[0132] According to other embodiments, the report is not limited to the concept of resource pools in LTE, such as other similar concepts in NR.

[0133] The resource pool status information (RPSI) may include, but is not limited to, information such as the following. - Occupancy threshold information of one or more resource pools - Traffic load of all uplink / downlink resources - Interference-related information - QoS-related information, including, but not limited to, the following if QoS can be satisfied, for example. Quality parameters such as resource type, priority level, packet delay budget, packet error rate, averaging window for guaranteed bit rate (GBR), maximum data burst volume, etc., as included in 5QI / QCI parameters 〇ARP 〇Reflective QoS 〇GBR / MBR 〇Notification control 〇Maximum packet loss rate

[0134] FIG. 11 shows an embodiment for the HandoverRequest IE extended by an embodiment of the present invention by the elements shown in 406 and 408.

[0135] Step D1: An RPSI report is provided by the target eNB / gNB, and the RPSI report may include all or a subset of the information described above.

[0136] Step D2: The RPSI report may be pushed to other network entities as well.

[0137] Step E: The source eNB / gNB collects and processes the information (see step 4b in FIG. 9) for the UE to easily adapt accordingly. The content of the RPSI may be mapped to determine whether the specific QoS required by the UE can be satisfied.

[0138] Step F: The source eNB / gNB signals to the UE using, for example, a V2X-RPSI-feedback IE that may be included in the MobilityControlInfo IE in the RRC connection reconfiguration signaling. As shown in the exemplary signaling, there are multiple options for how to signal this feedback to the UE depending on the level of abstraction.

[0139] FIG. 12 shows an embodiment for the MobilityControlInfo IE extended by an embodiment of the present invention by the V2X-RPSI-feedback IE indicated at 410. The V2X-RPSI-feedback IE 410 may include a QoS level, e.g., high, medium, low, or a range of values, and any other parameters indicating the possible levels of QoS that the target eNB / gNB can satisfy.

[0140] Step G: An application, e.g., a V2X application, adapts accordingly based on the RPSI report and causes, e.g., braking, acceleration, etc. in the case of a V2X application or service.

[0141] Following steps A to G, further steps 7 to 9 for completing the HO are executed.

[0142] Considering 5GS, the following table enumerates the events supported by the conventional system.

[0143]

Table 2

[0144] As shown in this table, the situation or status of resources within the RAN, e.g., RAN congestion and RAN overload, cannot be monitored by the application function (AF).

[0145] According to a further embodiment of the third aspect, the AF is enabled to monitor RAN events, e.g., RAN congestion and / or overflow. FIG. 13 shows the monitoring of the RAN situation by the application server (AS) 312 in the 5GC. FIG. 13 shows an embodiment that modifies the conventional monitoring procedure to obtain the RAN status.

[0146] The 5GS system of FIG. 13 includes an application server 312 connected to a core network 310 that is connected to a radio access network 314. The core network 310 includes a network exposure function, NEF, 310a, a unified data management, UDM, 310b, and a core access and mobility management function, AMF, 310c. Conventionally, an application running on an application server, such as a V2X application, in step 1 subscribes to the core network to obtain information about some events in the network. The NEF 310a, in step 2, sends a subscription request to the UDM 310b, and then the UDM 310b, as shown in step 3a, sends a subscription request to the AMF 310c.

[0147] According to the method of the present invention, the request sent as step 3a is also a subscription for obtaining information about RAN events, and outside the conventional method, the AMF 310c, in step 3a', sends an additional request for subscribing to a specific RAN event, such as resource congestion or overflow. In response to the subscription in step 3a', the RAN 314, in step 3b', provides each event subscription response or confirmation response to return to the AMF 310c so that an additional feedback subscription response or confirmation response about the situation in the RAN 314 is provided to the application via the core network 310 in steps 3b, 4, and 5. According to an embodiment, the RAN 314 may signal RAN events to the application server 312 via the AMF and the NEF, as shown in steps 8, 9, and 10. For example, reports such as RPSI event reports regarding the events described in the example of FIG. 10 and / or Table 1 (Table 2) may be provided, and the RAN may operate as described above with reference to FIGS. 9 (steps 4b to 4c) and 10.

[0148] In addition, as in the case of conventional approaches, the application may receive event notifications from the UDM, with or without an NEF in between, via communication in steps 6a and 7a, or in 6a directly pointing to the AS. In the case of a trustworthy AS, an NEF between the AS and the UDM is not required.

[0149] The list of events in the above table is not exhaustive, and additional events may be generated and / or collected and / or detected in some other network function (NF) such as the session management function (SMF), and / or the access and mobility function (AMF). If a procedure similar to that in FIG. 13 is provided by the present invention, and in FIG. 13, then the AMF is replaced by the NF that is related or responsible, for example, the SMF.

[0150] Thus, the above embodiment of the third aspect enables the application and / or the application function, AF, to monitor the communication system for some RAN events related to resources, such as RAN congestion and / or overflow, and based on the RAN congestion, overload, etc., that is, based on the resource status in the RAN, events that cause a change in QoS within the same group or in any of different groups or cells can also be determined.

[0151] According to a further embodiment of the third aspect, the network data analysis function can be used to evaluate the information from the RAN so as to determine and / or predict each event. The NWDAF is responsible for providing network data analysis. The NWDAF can provide, for example, slice congestion event notifications and NWDAF operator-specific analysis as described in reference [9]. The NWDAF can be employed as shown in FIG. 14. FIG. 14 shows a signaling chart for RPSI processing in 5GS using the NWDAF. In practice, FIG. 14 shows how the steps for HO can be executed in the context of 5GS. Steps A to G correspond to those described above with reference to FIG. 10, except that step E is executed in the core 310 by the NWDAF.

[0152] Therefore, according to an embodiment of the third aspect, considering FIG. 10 or FIG. 13, the AF, or another part of the system, may have information about the behavior of the UE, for example, the movement trajectory, and the network can collect additional information about its own situation and the RAN situation and provide the results and / or reports during event monitoring to the BS. Next, the BS can pass this on to the UE, and its resident applications, and / or the application server, and / or the application client.

[0153] Considering FIG. 14, outside of FIGS. 10 or 13, the base station provides information to the network, in which case the information is used by the NWDAF. The NWDAF also receives information from the RAN and the network. The NWDAF may perform analysis and provide the results and / or reports during event monitoring to the BS, which then passes it on to the UE, and its resident applications, and / or application servers, and / or application clients. For example, the NWDAF may perform analysis across data provided by the network and by the RAN, with or without any information on UE behavior provided by the application. In either case, the analysis results provided by the NWDAF may be some kind of prediction.

[0154] Aspect 4: The above-described Aspect 3 required the application to subscribe to obtain notifications about QoS changes and / or RAN events, but there may be situations where it is necessary to inform the application or application function about changing situations across the network.

[0155] According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the communication system provides notifications, e.g., push notifications, to the application server and / or UE. In other words, the event notifications shown in FIGS. 9 and 13 can be automatically triggered to inform about critical events or provide warnings. In other words, according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, a procedure or mechanism is provided to provide the core network with the possibility to generate push notifications that can originate from various sources such as the RAN 314, the network 310, the application, etc. Examples of scenarios where push notifications can be implemented include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following scenarios described with reference to FIG. 15.

[0156] Figure 15(a) shows, for example, an embodiment of dealing with critical or severe situations / failures in the RAN, or any other part of the network, in the case of a natural disaster where a part of the network is completely down. Figure 15(a) shows a cellular network including a CN and a RAN to which three application servers AS1 to AS3 are coupled. The cellular network detects an event that needs to be alerted to all other application servers that are active in a certain geographical area, such as AS1 to AS3, and sends a push notification (1) to the application servers AS1, AS2, and AS3 that are active within the same geographical area. Figure 15(b) shows an embodiment of dealing with a severe situation detected by another application server. Similar to Figure 15(a), Figure 15(b) also shows a cellular network including a CN and a RAN to which three application servers AS1 to AS3 are coupled. For example, application server AS1 detects a dangerous situation on the road, such as a major accident, a fire, etc., and requests (1) the network to send a push notification (2) to all other V2X application servers that are active within the relevant area. Thus, application server AS1 detects an event that needs to be alerted to all other application servers in its area and / or in the vicinity, and application server AS1 sends a trigger (1) for a push notification to the network. The network sends a push notification (2 ) to application servers AS2 and AS3 that are active within the same geographical area as AS1. The push notification (2) may also, in some cases, be sent to application server AS1 as den(2). Figure 15(c) shows one embodiment of dealing with critical situations detected by a V2X UE. Similar to Figure 15(a), Figure 15(c) also shows a cellular network including a CN and a RAN to which three application servers AS1 - AS3 are coupled. Additionally, a UE connected to application server AS1 via the cellular network is shown. The UE detects an event that needs to alert all other application servers AS1 - AS3 in its area and / or vicinity. The UE communicates with application server AS1 as shown by (1). Additionally, in response to the detection of the event, the UE sends a trigger (1') for a push notification to the network. The network sends a push notification (2) to application servers AS1 - AS3 that are active within the same geographical area.

[0157] In some of the embodiments described above, reference was made to each vehicle being in a connected mode, also called mode 3 configuration, or one vehicle being in an idle mode, also called mode 4 configuration. However, the present invention is not limited to V2V communication or V2X communication. Rather, the present invention is applicable to any device - to - device communication, for example, performing sidelink communication on a PC5 interface, for example, to non - vehicle mobile users or fixed users. Also, in such scenarios, resource scheduling according to the manner described above is advantageous because it enables more efficient scheduling of resources for sidelink communication, thereby avoiding resource collisions and the like.

[0158] Some embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to a communication system in which the transmitter is a base station serving a user equipment and the receiver is a user equipment served by the base station. However, the present invention is not limited to such embodiments and can also be implemented in a communication system in which the transmitter is a user equipment station and the receiver is a base station serving the user equipment. According to other embodiments, both the receiver and the transmitter can be UEs that communicate directly with each other, for example, via a sidelink interface.

[0159] According to an embodiment, a wireless communication system may include a terrestrial network, or a non-terrestrial network, or a network or a segment of a network that uses an airborne vehicle or a spaceborne vehicle, or a combination thereof, as a receiver.

[0160] According to an embodiment, the receiver may comprise one or more of any other item or device such as a mobile or fixed terminal, an IoT device, a ground vehicle, an aircraft, a drone, a building, or a sensor or actuator, provided that the item / device has network connectivity that enables it to communicate using the wireless communication system. According to an embodiment, the transmitter may comprise one or more of a macrocell base station, or a small cell base station, or a spaceborne vehicle such as a satellite or the universe, or an airborne vehicle such as an unmanned aerial system (UAS), for example, a tethered UAS, a lighter than air (LTA) UAS, a heavier than air (HTA) UAS, and a high altitude UAS platform (HAP), or any transmission and reception point (TRP) that enables an item or device with network connectivity to communicate using the wireless communication system.

[0161] While some aspects of the described concepts have been described in the context of an apparatus, it is clear that these aspects also represent descriptions of corresponding methods, in which case a block or device corresponds to a method step, or a feature of a method step. Similarly, aspects described in the context of a method step also represent descriptions of corresponding blocks, or items, or features of a corresponding apparatus.

[0162] The various elements and features of the present invention can be implemented in hardware using analog and / or digital circuitry, through the execution of instructions by one or more general-purpose or special-purpose processors, in software, or as a combination of hardware and software. For example, embodiments of the present invention can be implemented within the environment of a computer system or another processing system. FIG. 16 shows an example of a computer system 350. Units or modules, as well as method steps performed by these units, can be executed on one or more computer systems 350. The computer system 350 includes one or more processors 352, such as a dedicated or general-purpose digital signal processor. The processor 352 is connected to a communication infrastructure 354, such as a bus or network. The computer system 350 includes a main memory 356, such as a random access memory (RAM), and a secondary memory 358, such as a hard disk drive and / or a removable storage drive. The secondary memory 358 can enable a computer program or other instructions to be loaded into the computer system 350. The computer system 350 can further include a communication interface 360 to enable software and data to be transferred between the computer system 350 and external devices. The communication can be in the form of electronic signals, electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or other signals that can be handled by the communication interface. The communication can use wires or cables, optical fibers, telephone lines, cellular phone links, RF links, and other communication channels 362.

[0163] The terms "computer program medium" and "computer-readable medium" are generally used to refer to tangible storage media such as removable storage units or hard disks installed in a hard disk drive. These computer program products are means for providing software to a computer system 350. A computer program, also called computer control logic, is stored in main memory 356 and / or secondary memory 358. A computer program can also be received via a communication interface 360. When executed, the computer program enables the computer system 350 to implement the present invention. Specifically, when executed, the computer program enables the processor 352 to implement the process of the present invention, such as any of the methods described herein. Thus, such a computer program can represent a controller of the computer system 350. When the present disclosure is implemented using software, the software is stored in a computer program product and can be loaded into the computer system 350 using an interface such as a removable storage drive, a communication interface 360.

[0164] Implementations in hardware or in software may be executed using a digital storage medium, such as cloud storage, floppy disk, DVD, Blu-Ray, CD, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, or flash memory, that stores thereon electronically readable control signals and that cooperates (or is capable of cooperating) with a programmable computer system so that respective methods are executed. Thus, the digital storage medium can be computer-readable.

[0165] Some embodiments in accordance with the present invention include a data carrier having an electronically readable control signal that is capable of cooperating with a programmable computer system such that one of the methods described herein is performed.

[0166] In general, embodiments of the present invention may be implemented as a computer program product having program code, which is operative to perform one of the methods when the computer program product is executed on a computer. The program code may be stored, for example, on a machine-readable carrier.

[0167] Other embodiments include a computer program for performing one of the methods described herein, stored on a machine-readable carrier. In other words, thus, one embodiment of the method of the present invention is a computer program having program code for performing one of the methods described herein when the computer program is executed on a computer.

[0168] Thus, a further embodiment of the method of the present invention is a data carrier (or digital storage medium, or computer-readable medium) having thereon a computer program for performing one of the methods described herein. Thus, a further embodiment of the method of the present invention is a sequence of data streams or signals representing a computer program for performing one of the methods described herein. The sequence of data streams or signals may be configured to be transferred, for example, via a data communication connection, for example, via the Internet. Further embodiments include processing means, such as a computer, or a programmable logic device, configured or adapted to perform one of the methods described herein. Further embodiments include a computer having installed thereon a computer program for performing one of the methods described herein.

[0169] In some embodiments, a programmable logic device (e.g., a field programmable gate array) may be used to perform some or all of the functions of the methods described herein. In some embodiments, a field programmable gate array may cooperate with a microprocessor to perform one of the methods described herein. Generally, the methods are preferably performed by any hardware device.

[0170] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. It will be understood that modifications and variations of the arrangements and details described herein will be apparent to other those skilled in the art. Accordingly, it is intended to be limited only by the following claims and not by the specific details set forth in the description and explanation of the embodiments herein.

[0171] List of Acronyms and Symbols V2X: Vehicle-to-Everything 3GPP: 3rd Generation Partnership Project D2D: Device-to-Device BS: Base Station eNB: evolved Node B (3G base station) UE: User Equipment SPS: Semi-Persistent Scheduling OS: One-Shot PPPP: ProSe Packet-by-Packet Priority PPPR: ProSe Packet-by-Packet Reliability QoS: Quality of Service SCS: Subcarrier Spacing SCI: Sidelink Control Information BSR: Buffer Status Report NF: Network Function NEF: Network Exposure Function NR: New Radio NWDAF: Network Data Analytics Function OTT: Over-the-Top SIPTO: Selected IP Traffic Offload UDM: Unified Data Management UDR: Unified Data Repository UE: User Equipment (User Terminal) AF: Application Function RAN: Radio Access Network

[0172] References [1] Netmanias, “LTE QoS: SDF and EPS Bearer QoS”, https: / / www.netmanias.com / en / ?m=view&id=techdocs&no=10434 , Sept. 2011, Last Accessed 25 / 07 / 2018. [2] 3GPP TS 23.501 V15.1.0, System Architecture for the 5G System; Stage 2, Mar. 2018. [3] Netmanias, “LTE QoS (Part 2) - LTE QoS Parameters (QCI, ARP, GBR, MBR and AMBR)”, https: / / www.netmanias.com / en / post / blog / 5933 / lte-qos / lte-qos-part-2-lte-qos-parameters-qci-arp-gbr-mbr-and-ambr , Oct. 2013, Last Accessed 25 / 07 / 2018. [4] 3GPP TS 23.682 V15.5.0, Architecture enhancements to facilitate communications with packet data networks and applications (Release 15), Jun. 2018. [5] 3GPP TS 23.502 V15.2.0, Procedures for the 5G System; Stage 2, (Release 15), Jun. 2018. [6] 3GPP TS 38.300 V15.1.0, NR and NG-RAN Overall Description; Stage 2 (Release 15), Mar. 2018. [7] 3GPP TS 38.211 V15.1.0, Physical channels and modulation (Release 15), Dec. 2017. [8] 3GPP TS 36.331 V15.0.1, Radio Resource Control (RRC); Protocol specification (Release 15), Jan. 2018. [9] 3GPP TS 29.520 V15.0.0, 5G System; Network Data Analytics Services; Stage 3 (Release 15), Jan. 2018.

Description of Symbols

[0173] 100 Terrestrial wireless network 102 Core network 104 Radio access network 1061 - 1065 Cells gNB1 - gNB5 Base stations UE1, UE2, UE3 Users 1081, 1082, 1083, 1121, 1122 Arrows 1101, 1102 IoT devices 1141 - 1145, 1161 - 1165 Backhaul links 200 Circle, Coverage area, Coverage 202 First vehicle, Vehicle, Mode 3 UE 204 Second vehicle, Vehicle, Mode 3 UE 206, 208, 210 Vehicles, Mode 4 UE 300 Transmitter, Base station, First UE 300a, 302a1, 302a n Signal processor 300b, 302b1, 302b n Transceiver 302 Receiver, UE, further UE 3021, 302n UE 3021 to 302 n Receiver 304a, 304b Wireless communication link or channel, first wireless communication link, wireless communication link 304c Wireless communication link or channel, second wireless communication link, wireless communication link, sidelink, PC5 interface ANT T , ANT R Antenna 308 Wireless communication system 310 Core network, cellular network, core 310a Service capability exposure function, SCEF, network exposure function, NEF 310b Home subscriber server, HSS, unified data management, UDM 310c Mobility management entity, MME / Serving GPRS support node, SGSN, core access and mobility management function, AMF 312 Application server, server, application server (AS) 314 Radio access network, RAN, cellular network 350 Computer system 352 Processor 354 Communication infrastructure 356 Main memory 358 Secondary memory 360 Resource pool, pool, first resource pool, communication interface 362 Resource, communication channel 410 V2X-RPSI-feedback IE

Claims

1. An apparatus for a wireless communication system, the wireless communication system providing a set of resources including a plurality of resources to be allocated for respective transmissions, the transmissions including one or more first transmissions having a first priority level and one or more second transmissions having a second priority level, the first priority level being higher than the second priority level, the apparatus being configured to receive a signal if there is not sufficient resource from the set of resources for a next first transmission, the signal causing the apparatus to stop an ongoing second transmission so as to free up resources for transmitting or receiving the first transmission.

2. Saying that stopping the ongoing second transmission includes pausing the second transmission for a predefined time or pause interval, the signal comprising a message indicating a pause interval over which the second transmission is to be paused, the interval being selected to be suitable for the transmission or reception of the first transmission, the apparatus according to claim 1.

3. The message further indicating a configuration to be used when resuming the second transmission after the first transmission is complete, the message indicating a configuration to be used when resuming the second transmission, the configuration being the same configuration used for the first second transmission, or one of a plurality of other configurations known in the apparatus, or a new configuration the apparatus according to claim 2.

4. Each of the transmissions includes at least one or more third transmissions having a third priority level, the first priority level and the second priority level being higher than the third priority level, the wireless communication system providing a plurality of sets of resources, the plurality of sets of resources including a first set of resources including resources to be allocated for the first transmission and the second transmission, and a second set of resources including resources to be allocated for the third transmission, the apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the resource includes a plurality of sub-carriers, and a sub-carrier spacing, SCS, of the resource among the first set of resources is higher than the SCS of the resource among the second set of resources.

6. The transmission has certain low latency and / or high reliability requirements and / or given quota requirements associated therewith in order to ensure that the quality of service, QoS, required by the application service is met. Stopping the ongoing second transmission on the resource to be released, and if the certain low latency, high reliability requirements and quota requirements of the second transmission can be satisfied, reallocating the resource for the second transmission in the second set of resources, the apparatus according to claim 4 or 5.

7. The second transmission is buffered in a buffer of the apparatus, and the apparatus if a communication range of the second transmission to a target exceeds a maximum communication range, or if the first transmission exceeds a timer, is configured to flush the buffered second transmission from the buffer, the apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The first transmission comprises a message having the first priority associated therewith, and the second transmission comprises a message having the second priority associated therewith. The first message comprises one or more of an emergency message and a safety-related message, such as an accident warning message, a road obstacle warning, or an emergency vehicle approaching message, the apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The wireless communication system includes a plurality of base stations, gNBs, and a plurality of user devices, UEs, the apparatus includes a UE, the UE is coupled to one or more other UEs via a sidelink, the UE is configured for sidelink communication with the one or more other UEs, the resource from the set of resources for the sidelink communication with the one or more other UEs is scheduled by the gNB, the apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The wireless communication system includes a plurality of user devices, UEs, the apparatus includes a UE, The UE is coupled to one or more other UEs via a sidelink, The UE is configured for sidelink communication with the one or more other UEs, and the UE is configured to autonomously schedule the resources from the set of resources for the sidelink communication. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

11. The signal includes sidelink control information, SCI, a message, and the one or more other UEs that occupy the resources described in the SCI message, which will be used for the first transmission, are caused to pause or shift the second transmission. The apparatus according to claim 10.

12. The priority of the message is statically mapped to the corresponding service. The apparatus according to claim 10 or 11.

13. The set of resources includes a plurality of resources that are continuous or discontinuous across the frequency domain and adjacent or non-adjacent across the time domain. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. The set of resources defines a resource pool. The apparatus according to claim 13.

15. A transmitter for a wireless communication system, the wireless communication system provides a predefined set of resources including a plurality of resources to be allocated for each transmission, the transmission includes one or more first transmissions having a first priority level and one or more second transmissions having a second priority level, and the first priority level is higher than the second priority level. When there are not enough resources from the set of resources for the next first transmission, the transmitter - signals the receiver to stop the second transmission to free the resources used by the ongoing second transmission, and - reallocates the freed resources for the first transmission A transmitter configured to perform.

16. The transmitter The ratio of the used resources from the set of resources has reached a predefined threshold, or the ratio of the unused resources from the set of resources has decreased below a predefined threshold, or Determine that there are not enough unused resources in the set of resources for the allocation to the first transmission The transmitter according to claim 15, configured to do so **Claim 17** A transmitter for a wireless communication system, the wireless communication system providing a set of resources including a plurality of resources to be allocated for each transmission, the transmission including one or more first transmissions having a first priority level and one or more second transmissions having a second priority level, the first priority level being higher than the second priority level, When the occupancy rate of the set of resources reaches a predefined threshold, the transmitter - Reserve a certain amount of unoccupied resources from the set of resources for the first transmission, and - Allocate the reserved resources for the first transmission A transmitter configured to perform **Claim 18** The transmitter according to claim 17, configured to reserve the certain amount of unoccupied resources when a certain occupancy rate or traffic load threshold is reached **Claim 19** When the occupancy rate or traffic load threshold is reached, the transmitter - Start allocating the reserved resources only for the first transmission, and - Stop allocating resources for the second transmission The transmitter according to claim 18, configured to perform **Claim 20** Each of the transmissions includes at least a third transmission having a third priority level, the first priority level and the second priority level being higher than the third priority level, The wireless communication system provides a plurality of sets of resources, the plurality of sets of resources including a first set of resources including resources to be allocated for the first transmission and the second transmission, and a second set of resources including resources to be allocated for the third transmission. The transmitter according to any one of claims 17 to 19 **Claim 21** The transmission has certain low latency and / or high reliability requirements and / or quota requirements associated therewith in order to ensure that the application service meets the quality of service, QoS, required In response to the cessation of allocating resources for the second transmission, if the certain low latency and / or high reliability requirements and / or quota requirements of the second transmission can be met, the transmitter is configured to allocate resources for the second transmission in the second set of resources, according to the transmitter of claim 19 or 20.

22. The transmitter according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the resource includes a plurality of subcarriers, and a subcarrier spacing, SCS, of the resources in the first set of resources is higher than the SCS of the resources in the second set of resources.

23. The transmitter according to any one of claims 17 to 22, wherein the transmitter is configured to select an amount of resources to be reserved for the first transmission based on a real-time load or an expected load of the set of resources.

24. The wireless communication system includes a plurality of base stations, gNBs, and a plurality of user devices, UEs, the transmitter includes a gNB, the UE is coupled to one or more other UEs via a sidelink, the UE is configured for sidelink communication with the one or more other UEs, the resources from the set of resources for the sidelink communication with the one or more other UEs are scheduled by the gNB, according to the transmitter of any one of claims 17 to 23.

25. The wireless communication system includes a plurality of user devices, UEs, the transmitter includes one of the UEs, the UE is coupled to one or more other UEs via a sidelink, the UE is configured for sidelink communication with the one or more other UEs, and the UE is configured to autonomously schedule the resources from the set of resources for the sidelink communication, according to the transmitter of any one of claims 17 to 23.

26. The transmitter according to any one of claims 17 to 25, wherein the set of resources includes a plurality of resources that are continuous or discontinuous over a frequency domain and adjacent or non-adjacent over a time domain.

27. The apparatus according to claim 26, wherein the set of resources defines a resource pool.

28. A wireless communication system, comprising: A radio access network, RAN, wherein the RAN includes a plurality of transmitters and receivers; and A core network, CN, coupled to the RAN, wherein an application server is connectable to the core network, CN, the application server is configured to execute an application, and the application is configured to provide a service to a receiver within the RAN; The wireless communication system is configured to obtain at least a part of the status of the RAN, and to notify the application and / or the receiver that executes the service provided by the application about the RAN status and / or any change in the RAN status, wherein the performance of the service depends on the RAN status, and the application can modify its requirements accordingly.

29. - The performance includes quality of service, QoS, and the application requests the network and / or the wireless communication system to provide the service to the receiver with a certain QoS; - The wireless communication system is configured to use the RAN status to determine whether the certain QoS can be fulfilled by the RAN or not, and to signal to the application and / or the receiver whether the certain QoS can be fulfilled or not. The wireless communication system according to Claim 28.

30. The wireless communication system is configured to - in response to a request from the application, or - in response to an event within the RAN, or - at an interval, which is set by the application, for example, at a certain interval obtain the status of the RAN. The wireless communication system according to Claim 28 or 29.

31. The event within the RAN is - a failure or malfunction of one or more RAN entities, - a decrease or increase in wireless coverage within the RAN, - Handover of a UE from one cell within the RAN to another cell within the RAN, - One or more UEs connecting to or disconnecting from the RAN, for example, due to a radio link failure The wireless communication system according to claim 30, comprising one or more of the above.

32. The core network is configured to - Request status reports from the RAN and / or subscribe to events from the RAN, and - Push the status reports or events to the application, - Signal and / or report the status reports or events to the application and / or application function (AF) and / or network function (NF). The wireless communication system according to any one of claims 28 to 31, configured to perform the above.

33. The RAN is configured to - Collect data related to the status of the RAN from one or more RAN entities, - Process the data to create the status report and / or detect status events, and - Signal the status report and / or events to the core network. The wireless communication system according to claim 32, configured to perform the above.

34. The RAN comprises one or more base stations, gNBs, for serving respective UEs, and the gNB is configured to collect and process data related to the status of the cells served by the gNB, and signal and / or report the status reports and / or events to the core network. The wireless communication system according to claim 32, configured to perform the above.

35. The wireless communication system according to claim 34, wherein the gNB is configured to collect and process data related to the status of one or more cells served by other gNBs.

36. The core network comprises a network data analysis entity or function, NWDAF, The RAN is configured to - Collect data related to the status of the RAN from one or more RAN entities, and - Signaling the data to the core network configured to perform, wherein the NWDAF - Processing the data from the RAN to create the status report and / or detect an event and / or predict a future status and / or predict a possible or likely future event, and - Signaling and / or reporting the status report and / or prediction to the application and / or the receiver The wireless communication system according to claim 32, configured to perform.

37. The RAN includes one or more base stations, gNBs, for serving respective UEs, and the gNB is configured to collect data related to the status of the cell served by the gNB, and to signal the data to the NWDAF through a network function (NF) such as an access and mobility function (AMF) and / or a session management function (SMF). The wireless communication system according to claim 32.

38. The wireless communication system according to claim 30, wherein the gNB is configured to collect and process data related to the status of one or more cells served by other gNBs.

39. The RAN - Collecting data related to the status of the RAN from one or more RAN entities, - Processing the data to create a status report and / or detect an event, and - Signaling and / or reporting the status report and / or event to the application and / or the receiver that executes the service provided by the application The wireless communication system according to any one of claims 28 to 38, configured to perform.

40. The RAN includes one or more base stations, gNBs, for serving respective UEs, and the gNB is configured to collect and process data related to the status of the cell served by the gNB, and to signal and / or report the status report and / or event to the application and / or to the receiver that executes the service provided by the application. The wireless communication system according to any one of claims 28 to 31.

41. The wireless communication system according to claim 40, wherein the gNB is configured to collect and process data related to the status of one or more cells served by other gNBs.

42. The status report includes - Signal traffic load within the RAN, - Resources within the RAN, - Congestion within the RAN, - Interference of all UEs of one or more cells within the RAN, - Achievable QoS requirements within the RAN One or more of which are included in the wireless communication system according to any one of claims 28 to 41.

43. The wireless communication system is configured to report whether a certain QoS can be fulfilled or cannot be fulfilled in response to an application request from the core network for reporting on QoS or another RAN measurement that causes a change in achievable QoS. The wireless communication system according to any one of claims 28 to 42.

44. The event includes changes within the RAN and / or the network, such as congestion within the RAN, overload within the RAN, a decrease or increase in achievable QoS. The wireless communication system according to any one of claims 28 to 41.

45. The wireless communication system is configured to signal whether a certain QoS can be fulfilled or cannot be fulfilled in response to a subscription by the application to a notification from the core network regarding a QoS change or another RAN event that causes a change in achievable QoS. The wireless communication system according to any one of claims 28 to 41 and 44.

46. The RAN is configured to provide a set of resources including a plurality of resources to be allocated for each transmission, the transmission including one or more first transmissions having a first priority level and one or more second transmissions having a second priority level, the first priority level being higher than the second priority level, The wireless communication system according to any one of claims 28 to 45, wherein when the wireless communication system determines that the set of resources is completely occupied by a first transmission, the wireless communication system is configured to notify the application and / or the receiver that it cannot meet the certain QoS.

47. The wireless communication system is equipped with the application server connected to the core network, The wireless communication system according to any one of claims 28 to 46, wherein in response to the signaling from the wireless communication system, the application and / or the receiver is configured to adapt to the change in achievable QoS.

48. A wireless communication system, An application server, wherein the application server is configured to execute an application, and the application is configured to provide a certain service to a receiver within the RAN, A core network to which the application server is connected, A radio access network, RAN, coupled to the core network, the RAN including a plurality of transmitters and receivers, The wireless communication system, wherein the core network is configured to send a push notification to the application, for example, an application server or an application client, the push notification indicating that a certain event has occurred.

49. The core network is - monitoring the situation or status of the wireless communication system, and - determining whether the certain event has occurred in the wireless communication system The wireless communication system according to claim 48, configured to perform the above.

50. The wireless communication system according to claim 48 or 49, wherein the application server is configured to receive push notifications without an explicit subscription to the corresponding events.

51. The push notification is - For example, in the case of a natural disaster where a part of the system is completely down, critical or major situations or failures in the RAN or any other part of the system, or - For example, in the case of V2X, when the application server detects a dangerous situation on the road, such as a major accident, fire, etc., and requests the network to send a push notification to all other application servers that are active in the relevant area, such as V2X application servers, critical situations detected by another application server, or - Critical situations detected by a UE, such as a V2X UE, such as a major accident, fire, etc. The wireless communication system according to any one of claims 48 to 50, which notifies the application server of critical events or warnings such as the above.

52. A wireless communication network, at least one device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, and at least one transmitter according to any one of claims 14 to 27 A wireless communication network comprising.

53. The wireless communication network according to claim 52, wherein the set of resources comprises a plurality of resources that are continuous or discontinuous over a frequency domain and adjacent or non - adjacent over a time domain.

54. The wireless communication network according to claim 53, wherein the set of resources defines a resource pool.

55. The receiver and the transmitter are - A mobile terminal, or - A fixed terminal, or - A cellular IoT - UE, or - An IoT device, or - A ground vehicle, or - An aerial vehicle, or - A drone, or - A mobile base station, or - A roadside unit, or - A building, or - Any other item or device that enables the item / device to communicate using the wireless communication network and has network connectivity, such as a sensor or an actuator, and - A macrocell base station, or - A small cell base station, or - A roadside unit, or - A UE, or - A remote radio head, or - An AMF, or - An SMF, or - A core network entity, or - A network slice, such as in the case of an NR or 5G core context, or - Any transmit-receive point (TRP) that enables the item or device to communicate using the wireless communication network and has network connectivity for the item or device to communicate using the wireless communication network The wireless communication network according to any one of claims 52 to 54, comprising one or more of the foregoing.

56. A method for a wireless communication system, the wireless communication system providing a set of resources including a plurality of resources to be allocated for each transmission, the transmission including one or more first transmissions having a first priority level and one or more second transmissions having a second priority level, the first priority level being higher than the second priority level, The method including receiving a signal if there are not sufficient resources from the set of resources for the next first transmission, The signal causing an ongoing second transmission to stop so as to free up resources for transmitting or receiving the first transmission.

57. A method for transmission in a wireless communication system, the wireless communication system providing a predefined set of resources including a plurality of resources to be allocated for each transmission, the transmission including one or more first transmissions having a first priority level and one or more second transmissions having a second priority level, the first priority level being higher than the second priority level, If there is not enough resource from the set of resources for the next first transmission, the method - signaling to the receiver to stop the second transmission in order to free the resources used by the ongoing second transmission; - reallocating the freed resources for the first transmission A method comprising.

58. A method for transmission for a wireless communication system, the wireless communication system providing a set of resources including a plurality of resources to be allocated for each transmission, the transmission including one or more first transmissions having a first priority level and one or more second transmissions having a second priority level, the first priority level being higher than the second priority level, When the occupancy of the set of resources reaches a predefined threshold, the method - reserving an amount of unoccupied resources from the set of resources for the first transmission; - allocating the reserved resources for the first transmission A method comprising.

59. A method for operating a wireless communication system, the wireless communication system a radio access network, RAN, the RAN including a plurality of transmitters and receivers, the RAN; and a core network, CN, coupled to the RAN, an application server being connectable to the core network, CN, the application server being configured to execute an application, the application being configured to provide a certain service to a receiver within the RAN, a CN; The method includes obtaining at least a part of the status of the RAN and informing the application and / or the receiver that executes the service provided by the application about the RAN status and / or any change in the RAN status, the performance of the service depending on the RAN status and enabling the application to modify its requirements accordingly.

60. A method for operating the wireless communication system according to claim 48.

61. A method for operating a wireless communication network according to claim 52. [

62. ] A non-transitory computer program product comprising a computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed on a computer, perform the method according to any one of claims 56 to 61.

Images