Architectural structure internal pressure control system and architectural structure internal pressure control method
The building internal pressure control system uses air supply fans and a control unit to manage internal pressure, addressing the challenge of wind pressure on high-rise buildings by stabilizing wind loads without altering exterior materials or shape, ensuring effective wind pressure reduction post-construction.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- JP2024005129
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-30
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for reducing wind pressure on high-rise building exterior materials require costly changes to exterior materials or building shape at the design stage, and post-construction adjustments are difficult or expensive, while existing internal pressure control methods struggle with accurate control and require openings that can disrupt building design.
A building internal pressure control system using air supply fans and a control unit to manage internal pressure based on wind speed and direction, allowing for stable wind pressure reduction without altering exterior materials or building shape, by controlling air supply volume and direction through a relationship table.
Enables stable and cost-effective reduction of wind pressure on exterior materials post-construction by managing internal pressure, adapting to changing wind conditions without requiring openings or altering the building's exterior, thus addressing future climate changes like intensified typhoons.
Smart Images
Figure 2025111005000001_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to a building internal pressure control system and a building internal pressure control method that can simply and stably reduce the wind pressure on the exterior material even after the construction of the building without providing an opening in the exterior material of the building.
Background Art
[0002] In high-rise buildings, a large wind pressure acts on the exterior material. For this reason, in high-rise buildings, a wind-resistant design considering the wind load against the peak wind pressure is carried out. Specifically, for the wind load defined by a wind tunnel experiment or the like, an appropriate strength of the exterior material is set, and the thickness and specifications of the exterior material that satisfy it are selected. Alternatively, the shape of the building is changed to reduce the peak wind pressure.
[0003] In the method of selecting the exterior material for the above-defined wind load, especially in super high-rise buildings, the wind load becomes very large, and accordingly, the required thickness of the exterior material increases, leading to an increase in the cost of the exterior material. On the other hand, in the method of changing the shape of the building, it is generally the case that the building shape is determined by factors other than the wind pressure (such as design, usability, floor area ratio, etc.), and it is often difficult to change the shape for the purpose of reducing the wind pressure.
[0004] Here, the wind pressure acting on the exterior material is basically dealt with by design as a given value based on relevant laws and regulations. When it is predicted that a particularly large wind pressure will act, as described above, it is considered to reduce the wind pressure by devising the shape of the building. And for the wind pressure that cannot be reduced, as described above, it is dealt with by using an exterior material with particularly high strength. The wind pressure is the pressure caused by the wind acting on the wall surface per unit area, and when the wind pressure is added to the entire wall surface of the exterior material, it becomes the wind load of the exterior material.
[0005] Incidentally, since the magnitude of wind pressure is the difference between the pressure pushing the building from the outside (external pressure) and the pressure pushing from the inside (internal pressure), controlling (increasing or decreasing) the internal pressure is disclosed in Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 as an attempt to control wind pressure.
Prior Art Documents
Non-Patent Documents
[0006]
Non-Patent Document 1
Non-Patent Document 2
Summary of the Invention
Problems to be Solved by the Invention
[0007] By the way, any method of selecting exterior materials for wind loads and any method of changing the building shape need to be countermeasures at the design stage (before construction). Changes after construction are difficult or require extremely high costs. Therefore, in the future, if the wind speed increases due to global warming or the like, it will be necessary to spend a large amount of money to change the exterior materials. If this change of exterior materials is not made, the risk of exterior material damage will be tolerated and the existing exterior materials will be used.
[0008] Here, both the methods of Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 attempt to control the internal pressure by opening and closing the openings existing in the building envelope, and it is possible to reduce the wind load on the exterior materials without incurring large costs. However, in these methods, since the amount of change in the internal pressure acts on the opened openings and depends on the external pressure that changes every moment, there is a problem that it is difficult to accurately control the target amount of change in the internal pressure. Also, for existing buildings, there is a problem that control cannot be performed at all if there are no openings at appropriate positions. Furthermore, for newly constructed buildings, there is a problem that design constraints of the building occur because it is necessary to provide openings only for internal pressure control.
[0009] The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object thereof is to provide a building internal pressure control system and a building internal pressure control method capable of simply and stably reducing the wind pressure on the exterior material of a building even after the construction of the building without providing an opening in the exterior material of the building.
Means for Solving the Problems
[0010] In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, a building internal pressure control system according to the present invention has an internal staircase area that can ventilate with each floor of a high-rise building, and each room within each floor can ventilate with respect to that floor. A building internal pressure control system for reducing the wind pressure on the exterior material in a high-rise building, comprising: a plurality of air supply fans provided at the desired floors other than the first floor and the openings on the first floor in the internal staircase area, which are movable or permanently installed; a first-floor air supply fan provided at the entrance / exit opening of the first-floor and movable or permanently installed; a wind speed; and an air supply volume relationship table storing the relationship between the wind speed and the air supply volume and the air supply direction of the air supply fans and the first-floor air supply fan, and driving and controlling the air supply volume and the air supply direction of the air supply fans and the first-floor air supply fan based on the predicted wind speed and the air supply volume relationship table to control the internal pressure of the desired floor of the high-rise building and reduce the wind pressure on the exterior material.
[0011] In addition, in the building internal pressure control system according to the present invention, in the above invention, the control unit has an air volume relationship table that stores the relationship between the wind speed and direction, and the air volume and direction of the air supply fans and the first floor air supply fan, and based on the predicted wind speed and direction and the air volume relationship table, drives and controls the air volume and direction of the air supply fans and the first floor air supply fan to control the internal pressure of the desired floor of the high-rise building and reduce the wind pressure on the exterior material.
[0012] In addition, in the building internal pressure control system according to the present invention, in the above invention, the air volume of each of the air supply fan provided at the opening on the first floor and the first floor air supply fan is the total air volume of the air supply fans on the high floors.
[0013] In addition, in the building internal pressure control system according to the present invention, in the above invention, when reducing the negative wind pressure, the control unit directs the air supply direction of the air supply fan on the desired floor towards the internal staircase area and exhausts to the outside of the high-rise building through the air supply fan on the first floor and the first floor air supply fan. When reducing the positive wind pressure, the control unit directs the air supply direction of the air supply fan on the desired floor from the internal staircase area towards the floor of each desired floor and intakes from the outside of the high-rise building through the air supply fan on the first floor and the first floor air supply fan.
[0014] In addition, in the building internal pressure control system according to the present invention, in the above invention, opening and closing doors that can be opened and closed are provided for the opening and the entrance / exit opening respectively. The opening and closing doors of the opening where the air supply fan is provided and the entrance / exit opening where the first floor air supply fan is provided are opened, and the opening and closing doors of the other openings are closed.
[0015] In addition, in the building internal pressure control system according to the present invention, in the above invention, at least the wind speed is predicted based on the weather information obtained from the weather server.
[0016] In addition, the building internal pressure control method according to the present invention is a building internal pressure control method for reducing the wind pressure on the exterior material of a high-rise building having an internal staircase area that can ventilate with each floor of the high-rise building and each room within each floor being ventilable with respect to that floor, the method comprising: a plurality of air supply fans provided at desired floors other than the first floor and openings on the first floor of the internal staircase area, which are movable or permanently installed; and a first floor air supply fan provided at the entrance / exit opening of the first floor, which is movable or permanently installed. A control unit has an air supply volume relationship table that stores the relationship between the wind speed, and the air supply volume and air supply direction of the air supply fans and the first floor air supply fan, and drives and controls the air supply volume and air supply direction of the air supply fans and the first floor air supply fan based on the predicted wind speed and the air supply volume relationship table to control the internal pressure of the desired floor of the high-rise building and reduce the wind pressure on the exterior material.
Advantages of the Invention
[0017] According to the present invention, even after the construction of the building, it is possible to simply and stably reduce the wind pressure on the exterior material without providing an opening in the exterior material of the building.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0018]
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention
[0019] Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0020] <Overall Outline> FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example in which the building internal pressure control system 1 according to the present embodiment is applied to a high-rise building 100. FIG. 2 is a general floor plan of the 10th floor of the high-rise building 100. FIG. 3 is a general floor plan of the 1st floor of the high-rise building 100.
[0021] As shown in FIG. 1, the high-rise building 100 is a building with 10 floors above ground. The side surface of the high-rise building 100 is covered with an exterior material 2 such as a curtain wall. The exterior material 2 is a glass curtain wall or a PC curtain wall, but may also be a glass curtain wall or a PC curtain wall of a small window including the sash portion of the window frame. The exterior material 2 may be a structure in which the acting wind load is defined by the internal pressure of the building, that is, a member whose inner surface is in contact with the internal pressure.
[0022] The high-rise building 100 has an internal staircase area E1 that can communicate with each floor FR1 to FR10. Also, as shown in FIG. 2, each room R1 to R7 in the 10th floor FR10 can communicate with the floor FR10 through a ventilation opening 3. The floors FR2 to FR9 other than the 1st floor have the same configuration as this. As shown in FIG. 3, there are no rooms provided on the 1st floor FR1 of the high-rise building 100.
[0023] In FIG. 1, the object for reducing the wind pressure on the exterior material 2 in the high-rise building 100 is the high-rise floors from the 10th floor to the 8th floor (desired floors). This is because the wind speed decreases due to friction with the ground surface as the wind approaches the ground surface, and the wind pressure becomes larger on the higher floors.
[0024] As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a plurality of movable or permanent air blowing fans F10 to F8, F1 are provided at desired floors (from the 10th floor to the 8th floor) other than the first floor and the opening 4 on the first floor in the internal staircase area E1. Further, on the first floor, a first floor air blowing fan F0 which is movable or permanent is provided at the entrance / exit opening 5. The air blowing fans F10 to F8, F1 and the first floor air blowing fan F0 can each reverse the air blowing direction. Note that an anemometer 10 is arranged on the roof of the high-rise building 100.
[0025] As shown in FIG. 1, for example, when reducing the negative wind pressures PW1 to PW3 from the 10th floor to the 8th floor, the air blowing directions of the respective air blowing fans F8 to F10 are directed toward the internal staircase area E1, the air blowing direction of the air blowing fan F1 on the first floor is directed from the internal staircase area E1 toward the first floor FR1 side, and further the first floor air blowing fan F0 is exhausted from within the first floor FR1 to the outside of the high-rise building 100, thereby reducing the internal pressure from the 10th floor to the 8th floor. When the reduced internal pressures P1 to P3 from the 10th floor to the 8th floor are generated, an offset occurs in which the negative wind pressures PW1 to PW3 are reduced by the amount of the reduced internal pressures P1 to P3, and the negative wind pressures PW1 to PW3 are reduced to negative wind pressures PW11 to PW13, respectively. As a result, the wind load on the exterior material 2 from the 10th floor to the 8th floor is reduced. Note that the respective air blowing volumes of the air blowing fan F1 provided at the opening 4 on the first floor and the first floor air blowing fan F0 are the total air blowing volume of the air blowing volumes of the air blowing fans F10 to F8.
[0026] On the other hand, when reducing the positive wind pressure from the 10th floor to the 8th floor, the air blowing directions of all of the air blowing fans F10 to F8, F1 and the first floor air blowing fan F0 are reversed, intake air is taken in from the outside of the high-rise building 100 through the first floor air blowing fan F0 and the air blowing fan F1, and further the internal pressure from the 10th floor to the 8th floor is increased through the air blowing fans F10 to F8 from the internal staircase area E1. Thereby, the positive wind pressure from the 10th floor to the 8th floor is reduced, and the wind load on the exterior material 2 from the 10th floor to the 8th floor is reduced.
[0027] <Configuration of Building Internal Pressure Control System> FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the building internal pressure control system 1. As shown in FIG. 4, in the building internal pressure control system 1, a wind speed prediction unit 11, an air volume relationship table T, and air supply fans F10 to F8, F1, and the first floor air supply fan F0 are connected to a control unit C. Note that the communication connection between the control unit C and each unit may be a wired connection or a wireless connection.
[0028] The wind speed prediction unit 11 is connected to a wind speed meter 10, and predicts the future peak wind speed based on the wind speed measured by the wind speed meter 10.
[0029] The air volume relationship table T is a table that stores the relationship between the wind speed (peak wind speed) predicted by the wind speed prediction unit 11, and the air volume and air supply direction of the air supply fans F10 to F8, F1, and the first floor air supply fan F0. The air volume of these air supply fans F10 to F8, F1, and the first floor air supply fan F0 is a value for controlling the internal pressure of the high-rise building 100 to reduce the wind pressure from the outside so as not to exceed the wind resistance of the exterior material 2 at the time of designing the high-rise building 100. This value may be calculated and obtained in advance before construction, or may be obtained experimentally after construction.
[0030] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the air volume relationship table T. As shown in FIG. 5, for example, when the generation of a negative wind pressure exceeding the wind resistance of the exterior material 2 is predicted, the relationship between the air volume and the wind speed (peak wind speed) is described in the air volume relationship table T. The wind speed VP is a value lower than a predetermined margin from the peak wind speed at which the generation of a negative wind pressure exceeding the wind resistance is predicted. Note that the wind pressure on which the wind load calculation is based is a value proportional to the square of the wind speed. When the wind speed exceeds the wind speed VP, the air volume of the air supply fans F10 to F8 corresponding to the exceeded wind speed can be obtained. Note that the air volume of the air supply fans F1 and the first floor air supply fan F0 is a value obtained by multiplying the air volume obtained from this air volume relationship table T by the number of the air supply fans F10 to F2 arranged on the desired floors other than the first floor. The relationship between the air volume and the air supply direction of these air supply fans F1 and the first floor air supply fan F0 may also be held as the air volume relationship table T.
[0031] Then, based on the air volume relationship table T that stores the relationship between the wind speed predicted by the wind speed prediction unit 11 and the air volume and air supply direction of the air supply fans F10 to F8, F1, and the first floor air supply fan F0, the control unit C drives and controls the air volume and air supply direction of the air supply fans F10 to F8, F1, and the first floor air supply fan F0 to control the internal pressure of the desired floor of the high-rise building 100 and reduce the wind pressure on the exterior material 2.
[0032] Thereby, even after the construction of the high-rise building, without providing an opening in the exterior material of the high-rise building, the wind pressure on the exterior material can be easily and stably reduced. In particular, even in the face of climate change such as the intensification of future typhoons, which is difficult to predict, the wind pressure on the exterior material can be easily and stably addressed.
[0033] Note that the anemometer 10 may measure not only the wind speed but also the wind direction, and the wind speed prediction unit 11 may predict the wind speed and the wind direction. In this case, the air volume relationship table T will have a table for each wind direction. Then, based on the air volume relationship table T that stores the relationship between the wind speed and wind direction predicted by the wind speed prediction unit 11 and the air volume and air supply direction of the air supply fans F10 to F8, F1, and the first floor air supply fan F0, the control unit C drives and controls the air volume and air supply direction of the air supply fans F10 to F8, F1, and the first floor air supply fan F0 to control the internal pressure of the desired floor of the high-rise building 100 and reduce the wind pressure on the exterior material 2.
[0034] Also, opening and closing doors that can be opened and closed are provided at the opening 4 and the entrance / exit opening 5 respectively. The opening and closing doors of the opening 4 where the air supply fans F10 to F8, F1 are provided and the entrance / exit opening 5 where the first floor air supply fan F0 is provided are opened, and the opening and closing doors of the other openings 4 are closed. Here, for example, the opening and closing door A10 of the opening 4 shown in FIG. 2 may be a manually operated opening and closing door or a controlled opening and closing door. In the case of a controlled opening and closing door, the control unit C controls the opening and closing drive of each controlled opening and closing door. Note that the opening and closing door to the rooftop is always closed. By providing this opening and closing door, the internal pressure of the floors other than the desired floor is not reduced or increased, and the internal pressure control of the desired floor can be efficiently performed.
[0035] Note that the anemometer 10 may be installed not on the rooftop of the high-rise building 100 but at a neighboring location, or it may obtain weather information from a weather server via a network and predict the wind speed and direction with respect to the high-rise building 100. The weather information is preferable because it can predict the wind speed and direction in advance compared to an anemometer and can stably form the target internal pressure. Note that it is sufficient to be able to reduce (or increase) the internal pressure by a certain amount when a typhoon approaches. For example, since the wind speed of a typhoon can generally be predicted, minimum internal pressure control can be performed by inputting and setting the corresponding wind speed at the time of installing a blower fan or the like.
[0036] Note that each configuration illustrated in the above embodiments and modifications is schematically functional and does not necessarily have to be physically configured as illustrated. That is, the form of dispersion and integration of each device and component is not limited to that illustrated, and all or part of them can be functionally or physically dispersed and integrated in arbitrary units according to various usage situations and the like.
Explanation of Reference Numerals
[0037] 1 Building internal pressure control system 2 Exterior material 3 Vent 4 Opening 5 Entrance / exit opening 10 Anemometer 11 Wind speed prediction unit 100 High-rise building A10 Opening / closing door C Control unit E1 Internal staircase area F0 1st floor blower fan F1~F10 Blower fans FR1~FR10 Floors P1~P3 Reduced internal pressure PW1~PW3, PW11~PW13 Negative wind pressure R1~R7 Rooms T Air volume relationship table VP Wind speed
Claims
1. A building internal pressure control system for reducing the wind pressure on the exterior finishing material of a high-rise building, which has an internal staircase area that can ventilate with each floor of the high-rise building and each room within each floor can ventilate with respect to that floor, comprising: a plurality of air supply fans provided at openings of desired floors other than the first floor and the first floor in the internal staircase area, which are movable or permanently installed; a first-floor air supply fan provided at the entrance / exit opening of the first-floor, which is movable or permanently installed; a control unit having an air supply volume relationship table that stores the relationship between the wind speed, and the air supply volume and air supply direction of the air supply fans and the first-floor air supply fan, and driving and controlling the air supply volume and air supply direction of the air supply fans and the first-floor air supply fan based on the predicted wind speed and the air supply volume relationship table to control the internal pressure of the desired floor of the high-rise building and reduce the wind pressure on the exterior finishing material; A building internal pressure control system, characterized by comprising the above.
2. The building internal pressure control system according to claim 1, wherein the control unit has an air supply volume relationship table that stores the relationship between the wind speed and wind direction, and the air supply volume and air supply direction of the air supply fans and the first-floor air supply fan, and drives and controls the air supply volume and air supply direction of the air supply fans and the first-floor air supply fan based on the predicted wind speed and wind direction and the air supply volume relationship table to control the internal pressure of the desired floor of the high-rise building and reduce the wind pressure on the exterior finishing material.
3. The building internal pressure control system according to claim 1, wherein the air supply volume of each of the air supply fans provided at the openings of the first floor and the first-floor air supply fan is the total air supply volume of the air supply fans on the high floors.
4. When reducing the negative wind pressure, the control unit directs the air supply direction of the air supply fans on the desired floor towards the internal staircase area and exhausts to the outside of the high-rise building through the air supply fans on the first floor and the first-floor air supply fan; when reducing the positive wind pressure, the control unit directs the air supply direction of the air supply fans on the desired floor from the internal staircase area towards the floors of each desired floor and intakes from the outside of the high-rise building through the air supply fans on the first floor and the first-floor air supply fan. The building internal pressure control system according to claim 1 is characterized by this.
5. Provided with opening and closing doors that can open and close the openings and the entrance / exit openings respectively, The building internal pressure control system according to claim 1, characterized in that the opening / closing doors of the opening provided with the air supply fan and the entrance / exit opening provided with the first-floor air supply fan are opened, and the opening / closing doors of the other openings are closed.
6. The building internal pressure control system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least the wind speed is predicted based on weather information acquired from a weather server.
7. A building internal pressure control method for reducing the wind pressure on the exterior material of a high-rise building having an internal staircase area that allows ventilation with each floor of the high-rise building and each room within each floor being ventilable with respect to that floor, comprising: a plurality of air supply fans provided at desired floors other than the first floor and openings on the first floor of the internal staircase area, which are movable or permanently installed; a first-floor air supply fan provided at the entrance / exit opening of the first floor, which is movable or permanently installed; and comprising: a control unit having an air volume relationship table storing the relationship between the wind speed, and the air volume and air supply direction of the air supply fan and the first-floor air supply fan, and driving and controlling the air volume and air supply direction of the air supply fan and the first-floor air supply fan based on the predicted wind speed and the air volume relationship table to control the internal pressure of the desired floor of the high-rise building and reduce the wind pressure on the exterior material.