Actual fire training device

Abstract

To provide an actual fire training device that can be maintained and set at low cost.SOLUTION: In an actual fire training apparatus 1, the interior of a main body 10 is partitioned by a smoke adjustment flapper 22 so that a combustion chamber 10A and a training chamber 10B are formed. The main body 10 is configured by connecting a first block 11A and a second block 11B having the same structure. While existing main bodies are based on 40 ft containers, the first block 11A and the second block 11B are constructed based on 20 ft containers (ISO-standard or JIS-standard products) and a part of the blocks is removed to form an opening. A rib-shaped flange part 101 is formed around the opening.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a real fire training device that allows training to be conducted in an environment that simulates an actual fire scene. [Background technology]

[0002] A real fire training device is used to conduct training in an environment in which thick smoke is generated by burning wood or the like, similar to a real fire. The structure of such a real fire training device is described in, for example, Patent Document 1.

[0003] FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a simplified structure of the real fire training apparatus 9 described in Patent Document 1. This real fire training apparatus 9 uses a main body 90 having a substantially rectangular internal space with the horizontal direction in the figure as the longitudinal direction (x direction). A combustion platform 21 is installed near the end of the main body 90 on the right side in the figure (positive side in the x direction), and a combustible object A is ignited and burned on it. On the left side of this area, a plate-shaped smoke control flapper (smoke partition plate) 22 is installed inside the main body 90 so as to partition off only the upper area of ​​the main body 90. A trainee H can enter the main body 90 from a front room 30 connected to the left side of the main body 90 in the figure through a door 23 formed on the end face on the left side of the main body 90 in the figure.

[0004] In the structure shown in Figure 3, trainee H is positioned between the right-side smoke control flapper 22 and the left-side door 23, allowing him or her to perform the desired training task. Because combustion occurs to the right of the smoke control flapper 22, the interior space of the main body 90 is divided into two sections: the combustion section 90A on the right side (positive x-direction) and the training room 90B on the left side (negative x-direction), with the smoke control flapper 22 as the boundary. In the main body 90, an exhaust port 24 is provided in the ceiling of the training room 90B near the door 23, and the smoke exhaust treatment unit 40 is connected via the exhaust port 24. This structure allows thick smoke S to flow from the combustion section 90A through the underside of the smoke control flapper 22 toward the left side of the ceiling of the training room 90B in the direction of the left side in the figure.

[0005] Furthermore, the high-temperature thick smoke S that flows from the combustion section 90A over the smoke control flapper 22 remains in the upper layer of the training room 90B until it is exhausted through the exhaust port 24. Therefore, in the training room 90B, the pressure of the upper high-temperature layer, where visibility is obstructed by the thick smoke S, and the lower low-temperature layer, where visibility is clear, are balanced, maintaining a neutral zone. Therefore, while the temperature within the combustion section 90A becomes extremely high as combustion progresses, the temperature in the lower low-temperature layer of the training room 90B remains low enough for trainee H to remain active. Meanwhile, trainee H can visually observe the thick smoke S overflowing from below the smoke control flapper 22, and can therefore confirm the occurrence of, for example, rollover (a phenomenon in which unburned, superheated gases that have gathered in high places, such as the ceiling, rapidly spread), which is a precursor to flashover (a rapid explosive combustion) in which flammable gases contained in the thick smoke S spontaneously combust due to high temperatures. This allows for safer and more practical training.

[0006] The smoke exhaust treatment unit 40 installed on the upper side of the main body 90 is connected to the training room 90B via the exhaust port 24 installed on the ceiling of the main body 90 as described above, and exhausts and neutralizes the thick smoke S. The thick smoke S is neutralized in the smoke exhaust treatment unit 40, for example, by complete combustion, and then discharged into the outside air.

[0007] To realize the above configuration, it is necessary to provide at least a combustion section 90A and a training room 90B in which the trainee H can be active inside the main body 90, so the main body 90 will be large. For this reason, such a main body 90 is constructed based on, for example, an ISO standard 40 ft container (external dimensions: length approximately 12 m, width 2.4 m, height 2.6 m or 2.9 m) made of steel plate, with a smoke control flapper 22 and the like installed. This makes it possible to make the main body 90 itself inexpensive and easily ensure its mechanical strength, etc. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0008] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-34024 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0009] On the other hand, when using such a large container, the installation of the real fire training device requires the work of transporting the large container. Therefore, in areas where such transportation is not easy (for example, areas where it is difficult for the trailer that transports the container to travel, or areas where the ship that transports the container cannot anchor), it is not easy to install the real fire training device, and when installing in such areas, it is necessary to prepare special transportation means, in which case the installation of the real fire training device becomes particularly costly.

[0010] Furthermore, in the above-described actual fire training device, any parts that deteriorate or become damaged during use must be replaced. In this case, the most severe damage to the main body 90 occurs in the combustion section 90A and its surroundings. In this case, when deterioration or damage occurs, the main body (container) itself must be replaced, which requires the transportation of a large container, just as in the case of the above-described installation, and this work also becomes costly.

[0011] For this reason, there was a demand for a real fire training device that was inexpensive, including installation and maintenance work.

[0012] The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an invention that solves the above problems. [Means for solving the problem]

[0013] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has the following configurations. The real fire training device of the present invention is a real fire training device in which a combustion section that generates smoke by causing combustion and a training room that is a space for accommodating trainees are provided in a main body having an internal space of an approximately rectangular shape, and is used to have the trainees conduct fire training, and the main body is composed of a plurality of blocks that are connected together and each have an internal space of an approximately rectangular shape. Each of the plurality of blocks may be constructed based on a container having specifications defined by ISO or JIS standards. The plurality of blocks may all be constructed based on a container that conforms to the common specifications. Each of the plurality of blocks may have an opening formed at one end side in the direction in which the plurality of blocks are arranged, and a flange portion surrounding the outer periphery of the container around the opening, and adjacent blocks may be connected by fixing the flange portions to each other. The flange portions may be fixed to each other with a sealant interposed therebetween to seal the gap between the flange portions. The sealing material may include glass fiber or nitrile rubber. The combustion section may be formed in only one of the plurality of blocks. The main body portion is formed with an exhaust port to which a smoke processing unit is connected that sucks smoke generated by combustion from the main body portion and processes it, and the exhaust port may be formed in a block among the plurality of blocks other than the block in which the combustion portion is formed. [Effects of the Invention]

[0014] Since the present invention is configured as described above, it is possible to obtain a real fire training device that is inexpensive, including the installation and maintenance work. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0015] [Figure 1] 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of a real fire training apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2]1A, 1B, and 1C are a front view, a side view, and a perspective view, respectively, of a block used in a real fire training apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of a conventional real fire training device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] A real fire training apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of a real fire training apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and corresponds to FIG. 3. Here, the combustion platform 21 and the trainee H in FIG. 3 are the same as those in FIG. 3, and therefore are not shown here. In this real fire training apparatus 1, the interior of the main body 10 is divided by a smoke control flapper 22 to form a combustion section 10A and a training room 10B, but the configuration of the main body 10 used is different from the main body 90 in the real fire training apparatus 9. However, the main body 10 is similarly constructed using a container conforming to ISO or JIS standards, and the combustion section 10A and the training room 10B are similarly formed therein.

[0017] This main body 10 is configured by connecting a first block 11A and a second block 11B having similar configurations. When the x-axis (left-right direction in the figure), y-axis (direction intersecting the paper surface in the figure), and z-axis (up-down direction in the figure) are taken as shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 2(a) is a front view of the first block 11A (viewed from the positive side in the x-direction), Fig. 2(b) is a side view thereof (viewed from the negative side in the y-direction), and Fig. 2(c) is a perspective view thereof.

[0018] As shown in FIG. 1, the first block 11A has a door 23 on its end surface on the negative side in the x direction, an exhaust port 24 on the ceiling surface (the surface on the positive side in the z direction) near the door 23, and the end surface on the positive side in the x direction is removed. On the other hand, the second block 11B has a smoke control flapper 22, but the door 23 is not provided, and the end surface on the positive side in the x direction is not removed. Before the exhaust port 24 and the smoke control flapper 22 are formed, the first block 11A and the second block 11B have the same shape, and this common shape is shown in FIG. 2. Therefore, in the structure shown in FIG. 2, the door 23 faces the opening 11AA in the first block 11A, and the opening 11AA faces the inner surface (wall surface) on the positive side in the x direction in FIG. 1. The x, y, and z axes in FIG. 2 are written corresponding to FIG. 1, assuming that this structure is the first block 11A.

[0019] While the main body 90 was based on a 40-foot container, the first block 11A is constructed based on a 20-foot container (ISO- or JIS-standardized) whose length in the x-direction is half that of the 40-foot container, and as shown in Figure 2(c), one end side (the wall surface on the positive x-direction side in the first block 11A) in the direction corresponding to the 20-foot length (x-direction) is removed to form an opening 11AA. Note that, because the first block 11A (11B) is constructed based on a standardized container in this way, its surface is made of steel plate, and corrugated steel plate, for example, is used as this steel plate, but in Figures 1 and 2, this surface is simply depicted as being flat.

[0020] As shown in FIGS. 2(a) and 2(c), a rib-shaped flange portion 101 is formed around the opening 11AA. The flange portion 101 has an array of fastening holes 101A that penetrate the flange portion 101 in the x direction. In FIG. 1, the openings 11AA and flange portions 101 of the first block 11A and the second block 11B are connected to each other, and a sealant can be interposed between the flange portions 101 to seal the gap. Then, bolts are inserted through the fastening holes 101A on both sides and nuts are screwed into them to connect the first block 11A and the second block 11B in the configuration shown in FIG. 1, thereby forming a main body portion 10 having substantially the same length as the main body portion 90. In addition to the fastening holes 101A, the flange portion 101 of the first block 11A can also be appropriately formed with a structure for use when transporting the first block 11A, for example, using a crane, as long as it can similarly connect the first block 11A and the second block 11B.

[0021] In this case, a material with a certain degree of sealing ability and heat resistance can be used as the sealing material. For example, a material containing glass fiber or a woven glass fiber can be used. Alternatively, a liquid sealing material that can be applied to the flange portion and then hardened (set into a fixed shape) can be used. Such a liquid material can be a rubber-based material with high heat resistance, such as a nitrile rubber-based material.

[0022] In Fig. 1, flange portion 101 protrudes from the underside, but this configuration can be set as appropriate. For example, flange portions may not be provided on the undersides of the first block and the second block, or the flange portions may be dug out around them and then formed therein, thereby eliminating the formation of such protrusions on the underside and facilitating the installation of the main body. In either case, connecting the blocks using the flange portions on the outside of the openings in this way is preferable because no protrusions associated with the connection are formed inside the training room, and no obstacles to training are formed.

[0023] Furthermore, the front room 30 does not need to be constructed using a similar container, but the connection between the front room 30 and the first block 11A can be made using a structure similar to the connection between the first block 11A and the second block 11B. In this case, when installing (constructing) the above-described real fire training apparatus 1, for example, the following steps can be carried out: (1) installing the second block 11B (container) and installing the smoke control flapper 22 and the like in the second block 11B; (2) installing the first block 11A (container) and connecting it to the second block 11B; (3) installing the exhaust port 24, the smoke treatment unit 40, and the like in the first block 11A (container); and (4) connecting the front room 30 to the first block 11A.

[0024] In this way, if the main body 10 is constructed by combining the first block 11A and the second block 11B having a common configuration, then when installing the real fire training apparatus 1, it is sufficient to transport a 20-foot container, which is half the length of the main body 10 (or the main body 10 after being connected as described above). This makes it easy to transport in areas where it was difficult to transport a conventional 40-foot container. Furthermore, the cost of transportation is significantly reduced. In particular, when transporting a 40-foot container on a road, there are cases where it is impossible to make a turn due to its length, but when using a 20-foot (or shorter) container, this situation is less likely to occur. Similarly, transportation is easy when transporting containers by ship.

[0025] As mentioned above, deterioration and damage during use are most likely to occur around the combustion section 10A of the main body 10. In this case, in this real fire training apparatus 1, it is possible to deal with this by replacing only the second block 11B, without replacing the first block 11A, which also reduces the cost of maintenance and repair work.

[0026] Therefore, the cost of this real fire training device 1 can be reduced, including the cost of maintenance and repair work.

[0027] In the above example, the size of the main body 10 corresponds to a 40-foot container, and two blocks (first block 11A, second block 11B) based on 20-foot containers are used in combination. However, for example, a configuration in which four blocks made of 10-foot containers are combined can also be used. In this case, transporting the container, which is the largest component in assembling the real fire training device, becomes easier, and the cost of the work can be reduced. In other words, the size (specifications) and number of blocks (containers) to be combined can be set appropriately. In this case, while in the above example, a flange portion was formed only on one side of the block, flange portions and openings are formed on both sides for blocks to be connected to both sides.

[0028] Furthermore, the multiple blocks (containers) combined in this way do not need to be of the same specifications; for example, a 20-foot container and a 10-foot container could be combined. However, by using multiple blocks of the same specifications and sharing parts, the real fire training device can be made less expensive. Containers of different specifications may have different heights, but even in this case, connecting sections can be set in each block so that the blocks can be connected to each other.

[0029] Furthermore, as mentioned above, the combustion section is the section of the main body that is most susceptible to damage, and therefore the block containing the combustion section is the one that is most frequently replaced. For this reason, it is preferable to set the boundaries of such block combinations so that the replacement of blocks containing combustion sections can be carried out efficiently. In this case, it is preferable that the combustion section be formed only in a single block. Also, for example, as shown in Figure 2, if the training room 10B is set larger (longer) than the combustion section 10A and a 20-foot container and a 10-foot container are combined as mentioned above, the block that forms the combustion section 10A can also be constructed from a 10-foot container.

[0030] Alternatively, if the block in which the exhaust port 24 is formed and the smoke treatment device 40 is connected is made separate from the block in which the combustion section is formed, this is particularly preferable because when replacing the block including the combustion section, the work can be carried out while the smoke treatment device 40 remains connected.

[0031] In other words, the specifications and number of blocks (containers) to be combined can be set as appropriate. In either case, compared to using a single large container, installation and maintenance are easier, and the real fire training device can be made less expensive. Furthermore, the internal structure of the main body is not limited to the structure shown in Figure 1, etc., and the above configuration is effective for any real fire training device in which at least the combustion section and training room are installed inside the main body.

[0032] The present invention has been described above based on an embodiment. This embodiment is merely an example, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications are possible in the combination of the respective components, and that such modifications are also within the scope of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0033] 1, 9 Real fire training equipment 10, 90 Main body 10A, 90A combustion section 10B, 90B Training room 11A Block 1 11AA aperture 11B Block 2 21 Burning stand 22 Smoke control flapper (smoke partition plate) 23 Door 24 exhaust port 30 Front room 40 Smoke treatment section 101 Flange 101A Fixing hole A. Combustible objects F flame H. Training target S thick smoke

Claims

1. A real fire training device, comprising: a combustion unit that generates smoke by causing combustion; and a training room that is a space for accommodating trainees, and the training room is provided in a main body having an internal space of a substantially rectangular body, the real fire training device being used to allow the trainees to conduct fire training; The main body is a real fire training device characterized in that it is constructed by connecting a plurality of blocks each having an internal space of a substantially rectangular shape.

2. 2. The real fire training device according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of blocks is constructed based on a container conforming to specifications defined by ISO or JIS standards.

3. 3. The real fire training apparatus according to claim 2, wherein all of the plurality of blocks are constructed based on a container having the common specifications.

4. each of the plurality of blocks includes an opening formed at one end side in the direction in which the plurality of blocks are arranged, and a flange portion surrounding the outer periphery of the container around the opening; 3. The real fire training apparatus according to claim 1, wherein adjacent blocks are connected by fixing the flange portions together.

5. 5. The real fire training apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the flange portions are fixed together with a sealant interposed therebetween to seal the gap between the flange portions.

6. 6. The real fire training apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the sealing material includes glass fiber or nitrile rubber.

7. 3. The real fire training apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the combustion section is formed in only one of the plurality of blocks.

8. The main body is provided with an exhaust port connected to a smoke treatment unit that sucks and treats smoke generated by combustion from the main body, 8. The real fire training apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the exhaust port is formed in one of the plurality of blocks other than the block in which the combustion section is formed.

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