Actual fire training device

Abstract

To enhance durability of an actual fire training device which prevents a trainee from being exposed to a high temperature.SOLUTION: A sprinkler mechanism extending from an x direction negative side to a combustion part-side end of a bottom plate 11A is provided on a side of a bottom surface 11 and a lateral surface side of a main body. The sprinkler mechanism includes: a water flow part which extends along the x direction so as to allow water to flow inside; and a sprinkler part 52 which is connected to a combustion part-side end of the water flow part and which extends orthogonal to the combustion part-side end. The sprinkler part 52 is positioned on the bottom plate 11A to have a foot of a trainee in a form of a continuous line (first state) and is in a form of a dotted line (second state) when the water is not sprinkled.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a real fire training device that is highly durable and does not expose trainees to high temperatures. [Background technology]

[0002] A real fire training device is used to conduct training in an environment in which thick smoke is generated by burning wood or the like, similar to a real fire. The structure of such a real fire training device is described in, for example, Patent Document 1.

[0003] FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a simplified structure of a real fire training apparatus 9 described in Patent Document 1. This real fire training apparatus 9 uses a main body 10 having a substantially rectangular internal space with the horizontal direction in the figure as the longitudinal direction (x direction). A combustion platform 21 is installed near the end of the main body 10 on the right side in the figure (positive side in the x direction), and a combustible object A is ignited and burned on it. On the left side of this area, a plate-shaped smoke control flapper (smoke partition plate) 22 is installed inside the main body 10 so as to partition off only the upper area of ​​the main body 10. A trainee H can enter the main body 10 from a front room 30 connected to the left side of the main body 10 in the figure through a door 23 formed on the end face on the left side of the main body 10 in the figure.

[0004] In the structure of Figure 7, trainee H is positioned between the right-side smoke control flapper 22 and the left-side door 23, and can perform the desired training task. At this time, combustion occurs to the right of the smoke control flapper 22, so the space inside the main body 10 is divided into combustion section 10A on the right side (positive side in the x direction) and training room 10B on the left side (negative side in the x direction), with the smoke control flapper 22 as the boundary. In Figure 7, thick smoke S passes under the smoke control flapper and flows from combustion section 10A to training room 10B, and then flows into smoke treatment unit 40 through exhaust port 24 installed in the ceiling near door 23.

[0005] As shown in the figure, in the training room 10B, a thick smoke zone, which is a high-temperature area at the upper side of the internal space where thick smoke S exists, and a visible zone, which is a low-temperature area at the lower side and where visibility is not obstructed by thick smoke S, are formed. Therefore, the trainee H can be active in the visible zone, but near the burning section 10A, the temperature of the visible zone also rises due to radiant heat from the burning section 10A.

[0006] The smoke treatment unit 40 exhausts the thick smoke S from the exhaust port 24, renders it harmless by processing it, such as by burning it, and then discharges it into the outside air.

[0007] To achieve the above configuration, it is necessary to provide at least a combustion section 10A and a training room 10B in which the trainee H can be active inside the main body 10, which makes the main body 10 large. For this reason, as described in Patent Document 1, such a main body 10 is obtained by, for example, using an ISO-standard steel 40-ft container (external dimensions: length approximately 12 m, width 2.4 m, height 2.6 m) as a base and providing it with a door 23, etc. This makes it possible to make the main body 10 itself inexpensive and easily ensure its mechanical strength, etc.

[0008] Even during combustion, the temperature inside the training room 10B, particularly in the lower part of the internal space, is maintained at a level that allows the trainee H to be active. However, since the main body 10 is made of steel, which has high thermal conductivity as mentioned above, plywood or the like is actually laid on the bottom of the training room 10B for thermal insulation. This suppresses heat conduction from the combustion unit 10A from the floor side to the trainee H, allowing the trainee H to train safely. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0009] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-34024 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0010] In the above structure, the plywood on the floor of the training room 10B may become hot due to the radiant heat from the combustion unit 10A and be burned. Similarly, the temperature of the space where the trainee H is located may also rise due to the radiant heat.

[0011] For this reason, it was desirable to improve the durability of real fire training equipment that would not expose trainees to high temperatures.

[0012] The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an invention that solves the above problems. [Means for solving the problem]

[0013] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has the following configurations. The real fire training apparatus of the present invention is a real fire training apparatus in which a combustion section that generates smoke by causing combustion and a training room that is a space for accommodating trainees are formed adjacent to each other in the first direction inside a main body having an internal space of a substantially rectangular shape extending in a first direction along the horizontal direction as its longitudinal direction, and the training room and the combustion section are separated in the first direction on the upper side inside the main body by a smoke partition plate having a plate-like configuration that intersects with the first direction, and are configured to communicate in the first direction on the lower side inside the main body, and extend along the first direction from the side opposite to the side where the combustion section is located toward the side where the combustion section is located, and are formed adjacent to each other in the first direction inside the training room. a water-conducting section that is fixed inside the training room close to the bottom surface and through which cooling water flows, and a sprinkler section that is connected to the end of the water-conducting section on the combustion section side so as to allow the cooling water to flow and that extends in a direction intersecting the first direction and is provided inside the training room so as to spray the cooling water around that direction, and that is rotatable around the first direction relative to the water-conducting section, and is equipped with a sprinkler mechanism that can be switched between a first state in which the sprinkler section is brought close to the bottom surface by rotating the sprinkler section so that the end of the sprinkler section opposite the water-conducting section moves to the other of the two side surfaces, and a second state in which the sprinkler section is brought close to one of the two side surfaces by rotating the sprinkler section so that the end of the sprinkler section moves to one of the two side surfaces. Each of the two side surfaces may be defined as one of the two sides, and the water spray mechanism may be provided corresponding to each of the two side surfaces. The cooling water may be sprayed from a plurality of spray holes provided in the spray section along an extension direction of the spray section. The bottom surface of the main body may be installed so that the side on which the combustion section is formed is higher than the side on which the training chamber is formed. The bottom surface may have a surface constructed from wood. [Effects of the Invention]

[0014] Since the present invention is configured as described above, it is possible to improve the durability of the real fire training device, which does not expose trainees to high temperatures. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0015] [Figure 1] 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of a real fire training apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] 1A and 1B are a top perspective view and a rear perspective view, respectively, of a real fire training apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention while water is being sprayed. [Figure 3] 1A and 1B are a top perspective view and a rear perspective view, respectively, of a real fire training apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention when water is not being sprayed. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a top view of the sprinkler mechanism in the real fire training apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention while sprinkling water. [Figure 5] 1 is a rear view of a sprinkler mechanism in a real fire training apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing a state in which sprinkler is being performed (solid line) and a state in which sprinkler is not being performed (dotted line). FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is an enlarged side view of the sprinkler mechanism when sprinkling water. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of a conventional real fire training device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] A real fire training apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of a real fire training apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Here, the combustion platform 21 and the training subject H are similar to those in FIG. 7, but are not shown. Below, a case will be described in which the x-axis (left-right direction in the figure), the y-axis (direction intersecting the paper surface in the figure: the back of the paper surface is the positive side), and the z-axis (up-down direction in the figure) are taken as shown in FIG. 1. As with the real fire training apparatus 9 described above, the interior of the main body 10 is divided into a combustion section 10A and a training room 10B in the x-direction (first direction) by a smoke control flapper (smoke partition plate) 22.

[0017] As shown in FIG. 1, a bottom plate 11A is installed on the bottom surface 11 of the training room 10B of the main body 10 (on the negative side of the x-direction relative to the smoke control flapper 22) to suppress heat conduction from the bottom surface to the trainee H. The bottom plate 11A is made of, for example, plywood (wood) and is installed in the area where the trainee H is training. In addition, the main body 10 is provided with a side surface 12 (the far side in FIG. 1: the positive side in the y-direction) and a side surface 13 (not shown in FIG. 1: the negative side in the y-direction) that constitute the training room 10B.

[0018] In Fig. 1, a sprinkler mechanism 50 is provided on the bottom surface 11 and side surface 12 of the main body 10, extending from the left side (negative side in the x direction) to the end of the bottom plate 11A on the combustion section 10A side. Although not shown, as will be described later, a similar sprinkler mechanism is also provided symmetrically in the y direction on the front side (negative side in the y direction) of the main body 10. In reality, the main body 10 is installed at an incline so that the left side (negative side in the x direction) in Fig. 1 is slightly lower, and with this structure, for example, water is drained from the inside of the main body 10 from the left side in the figure. Because this inclination angle is slight, the diagram shown here is depicted as if this inclination angle were zero (horizontal).

[0019] FIG. 2(a) is a top perspective view of the structure within the main body 10 as seen from above (positive side in the z direction), and FIG. 2(b) is a rear perspective view of the same structure as seen from the negative side in the x direction, also showing the side surface 13 and sprinkler mechanism 50, which are not shown in FIG. 1. While combustion is occurring in the combustion section 10A and heat is being generated (while the real fire training apparatus 1 is being used), water is sprinkled on the bottom plate 11A of the main body 10 within the training room 10B using the sprinkler mechanism 50. On the other hand, when combustion is not occurring in the combustion section 10A (while the real fire training apparatus 1 is not being used), water is not sprinkled, and the sprinkler mechanism 50 is in a different mode than when sprinkling water. FIG. 2 shows the structure when water is being sprinkled.

[0020] 3(a) and 3(b) are top and rear perspective views corresponding to FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) when no water is being sprayed. FIG. 4 is a detailed view of the structure of the sprinkler mechanism 50 at the top of FIG. 2(a), and FIG. 5 is a detailed view of the corresponding sprinkler mechanism 50 in FIG. 2(b). In FIG. 5, the configuration of the corresponding sprinkler mechanism 50 in FIG. 3(b) is also indicated by dotted lines. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the sprinkler mechanism 50 is installed on the y-direction end side (side surface 12 side) of the bottom surface 11 of the main body 10, extending from the front chamber 30 side (negative side in the x direction) toward the combustion section 10A side (positive side in the x direction).

[0021] As shown in Figures 2(a) and 4, this sprinkler mechanism 50 includes a water passage section 51 that extends along the x direction and through which water (cooling water) flows from the negative side to the positive side of the x direction, and a sprinkler section 52 that is connected to the end of the water passage section 51 on the combustion section 10A side (the positive side of the x direction) and extends perpendicular to the end. In the state shown in Figure 2(a) (when sprinklers are being performed), sprinkler section 52 is set so that its tip faces the negative side of the y direction along the y direction, and in the state shown in Figure 3(a) (when sprinklers are not being performed), it is set so that its tip faces the positive side of the z direction along the z direction. In practice, a structure for fixing water passage section 51 to main body section 10 is appropriately used, but its illustration is omitted in Figures 1 to 3.

[0022] Water passage section 51 is configured by connecting first water passage section 511, which is fixed within main body section 10, to second water passage section 512, which is rotatable about the extension direction (x direction) relative to first water passage section 511, via rotary joint 513. Both first water passage section 511 and second water passage section 512 extend along the x direction. Rotary joint 513 is configured to seal water using an O-ring or the like, while allowing the entire structure distal to second water passage section 512 to rotate relative to first water passage section 511 as described below, and allowing cooling water (water or a cooling medium) to flow between them. Water passage section 51 is installed near and along both corners of the lower side of the internal space of approximately rectangular main body section 10, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, so as not to interfere with the activities of trainee H even when it is fixed.

[0023] Spray section 52 is fixed to second water passage section 512 via connecting section 514, perpendicular to second water passage section 512, and water flowing through water passage section 51 further flows through spray section 52. As shown in FIG. 5 (FIG. 2(a)), spray section 52 includes spray pipes 521 extending in the y direction in the state shown in FIG. 5 (FIG. 2(a)), tip section 522 at the tip (the end on the negative side in the y direction) of spray pipe 521, and closing plug 523 provided below tip section 522 to close the water passage. Spray pipe 521 has a plurality of small-diameter spray holes 52A arranged along its extension, and water supplied from water passage section 51 is discharged to the outside through spray holes 52A. As described above, main body 10 is inclined so that the negative side in the x direction is lower, and after cooling bottom plate 11A, this water is discharged from the side opposite combustion section 10A.

[0024] FIG. 6 is an enlarged view (side view) of the sprinkler unit 52 when sprinkling is being performed as shown in FIG. 5, viewed from the negative y-axis direction. In this state, the closing plug 523 abuts against the bottom surface of the main body (bottom plate 11A). Therefore, the distance between the sprinkler pipe 521 and the bottom plate 11A can be kept constant in FIG. 5. As shown in FIG. 6, the sprinkler holes 52A are formed at a 45° angle downward from the horizontal direction (negative x-axis direction) when viewed from the central axis of the sprinkler pipe 521. Therefore, spraying water from the sprinkler holes 52A in the state shown in FIG. 5 can efficiently cool the bottom plate 11A. This also suppresses the rise in temperature inside the training room 10B. This angle setting can efficiently cool the bottom plate 11A, particularly the lower, training room 10B side. Furthermore, this angle does not need to be the same for multiple sprinkler holes 52A. Alternatively, the spacing between the water spray holes 52A does not need to be constant, and depending on the configuration of the combustion chamber 10A, if there is a location in the y direction where the temperature is particularly likely to rise, the density of the water spray holes 52A in this location may be increased (the spacing may be shortened).

[0025] In the solid line configuration (first state) of Figure 5, the sprinkler unit 52 is located on the base plate 11A on which the trainee H places his / her feet, but as shown in Figure 2(a), the sprinkler unit 52 is located near the combustion unit 10A on which the trainee H does not normally place his / her feet, and therefore is unlikely to interfere with the work of the trainee H.

[0026] On the other hand, such sprinkling does not need to be performed all the time, and sprinkling only needs to be performed when the temperature inside the bottom plate 11A or the training room 10B becomes high. Therefore, when sprinkling is not being performed, the sprinkler unit 52 is in the form shown by the dotted lines in Figure 3 or Figure 5 (second state). In this state, the sprinkler unit 52 is in a form that follows the surfaces of the side surfaces 12 and 13 inside the main body 10, and is therefore less likely to interfere with the work of the trainee H.

[0027] 2(a) and 3(a) has only been described above as the upper (positive y-side) sprinkler mechanism 50, but the lower (negative y-side) sprinkler mechanism in these figures has a structure symmetrical on the positive and negative y-sides to the sprinkler mechanism 50. Therefore, by performing similar operations in the two sprinkler mechanisms 50, it is possible to suppress the rise in temperature of the entire bottom plate 11A and the inside of the training room 10B.

[0028] 2, only a single sprinkler mechanism 50 (e.g., only the upper side in the figure) may be provided to sprinkle water over the entire area of ​​bottom plate 11A in the y direction. However, in this case, sprinkler section 52 of sprinkler mechanism 50 must be made longer corresponding to the width of bottom surface 11 in the y direction. In this case, depending on the configuration of main body 10, when no water is being sprinkled, as shown in FIG. 3, the long sprinkler section 52 may interfere with the ceiling of main body 10. In contrast, if two sprinkler mechanisms 50 are provided symmetrically as shown in FIG. 2, the length of sprinkler section 52 can be made approximately half the width, thereby preventing sprinkler section 52 from interfering with the ceiling. This configuration is particularly effective when an ISO-standard container (e.g., 40 ft) made of steel plates is used as main body 10, because the size of its interior space (length (x direction), width (y direction), and height (z direction)) is limited to certain values ​​in advance, and it is not possible to change, for example, only the height or width.

[0029] The training subject H can switch between the configuration shown in Figure 2 (configuration when sprinkling water) and the configuration shown in Figure 3 (configuration when not sprinkling water) by manually operating the sprinkling unit 52, but it can also be done by electrically rotating the second water passage unit 512.

[0030] The above configuration is particularly effective when the bottom plate 11A is cooled efficiently, particularly when at least a portion of the bottom surface 11 is made of flammable wood with low heat resistance (such as plywood). However, even when the bottom surface 11 is made of other materials, the above configuration is effective because it can at least suppress the rise in temperature inside the training room 10B.

[0031] Furthermore, in the above configuration, the combustion section 10A and the training room 10B in the main body 10 are separated by a smoke control flapper (smoke partition plate) 22 on the upper side within the main body 10, and are formed so as to be in communication below the smoke control flapper 22. This configuration is particularly effective because the temperature of the bottom surface 11 in the training room 10B is particularly likely to rise. However, even if the combustion chamber and the training room are arranged in a different manner within the main body, if they are adjacent (close to each other), the above configuration is effective because it can suppress the rise in temperature on the training room side.

[0032] In addition, in FIG. 2 and other figures, sprinkler unit 52 is configured by connecting straight pipes, but the shape of the sprinkler unit is arbitrary as long as it can achieve the same function.

[0033] The present invention has been described above based on an embodiment. This embodiment is merely an example, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications are possible in the combination of the respective components, and that such modifications are also within the scope of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0034] 1, 9 Real fire training equipment 10 Main body 10A Combustion section 10B Training room 11 Bottom 11A bottom plate 12, 13 Side 21 Burning stand 22 Smoke control flapper (smoke partition plate) 23 Door 24 exhaust port 30 Front room 40 Smoke treatment section 50 Watering mechanism 51 Water flow section 52 Watering section 52A Sprinkler hole 511 1st water flow section 512 2nd water flow section 513 Rotary joint 514 Connection section 521 Sprinkler pipe 522 Tip 523 Closing plug A. Combustible objects F flame H. Training target S thick smoke

Claims

1. A real fire training device, comprising: a main body having an internal space of a substantially rectangular shape extending in a first direction along a horizontal direction, a combustion section that generates smoke by causing combustion, and a training room that is a space for accommodating trainees, the combustion section and a training room being adjacent to each other in the first direction; The training room and the combustion section are separated in the first direction on the upper side inside the main body by a smoke partition plate having a plate-like configuration that intersects with the first direction, and are configured to communicate in the first direction on the lower side inside the main body, a water flow section that extends along the first direction from the side opposite to the side where the combustion section is located toward the side where the combustion section is located, and is fixed inside the training room adjacent to one of two side surfaces inside the training room that horizontally intersect with a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, and the bottom surface inside the training room, and through which cooling water flows; a water spray unit that is connected to the end of the water flow unit on the combustion unit side, through which the cooling water flows, extends in a direction intersecting the first direction, and is provided inside the training room so as to spray the cooling water around the direction, and is rotatable around the first direction relative to the water flow unit; and a first state in which the sprinkler unit is rotated so that an end of the sprinkler unit opposite the water passage unit moves to the other of the two side surfaces, thereby bringing the sprinkler unit close to the bottom surface; a second state in which the sprinkler unit is rotated so that the end portion of the sprinkler unit moves to one of the two side surfaces, thereby bringing the sprinkler unit close to the one of the two side surfaces; A real fire training device characterized by having a water sprinkler mechanism that can be switched between.

2. 2. The real fire training apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of the two side surfaces is defined as one of the two sides, and the water sprinkler mechanism is provided corresponding to each of the two side surfaces.

3. 3. The real fire training apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cooling water is sprayed from a plurality of spray holes provided in the spray section along an extension direction of the spray section.

4. 3. The real fire training device according to claim 1, wherein the bottom surface of the main body is installed so that the side where the combustion section is formed is higher than the side where the training room is formed.

5. 3. The real fire training apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the bottom surface has a surface made of wood.

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