Bamboo-derived vermicompost

Abstract

To provide a technology that enhances the action of bamboo-derived vermicompost to suppress plant diseases.SOLUTION: Bamboo-derived vermicompost is obtained by feeding organic matter to earthworms. The organic matter contains bamboo and vegetable oil cake and / or the maximum diameter of the bamboo particles is 3.00 mm or greater.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to bamboo-derived vermicompost and the like. [Background technology]

[0002] Bamboo grows very quickly, but its uses are limited. As a result, in recent years, many bamboo forests have been left abandoned throughout Japan, and measures are being sought to address this issue. Bamboo is rich in nutrients, so if it can be composted, it can be used as useful compost.

[0003] Patent Document 1 reports that bamboo-derived vermicompost, which is obtained by feeding earthworms organic matter containing bamboo, has a plant disease suppressing effect. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-052684 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] An objective of the present disclosure is to provide a technology for improving the plant disease suppression effect of bamboo-derived earthworm compost. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] As a result of intensive research conducted by the present inventors in light of the above-mentioned problems, they have found that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by a bamboo-derived earthworm compost obtained by feeding earthworms with organic matter, wherein the organic matter contains bamboos, the organic matter contains vegetable oil cake, and / or the maximum particle diameter of the bamboos is 3.00 mm or more.

[0007] Item 1. Bamboo-derived vermicompost obtained by feeding earthworms with organic matter, the organic matter includes bamboo; The organic matter contains vegetable oil cake and / or the maximum diameter of the bamboo particles is 3.00 mm or more; Bamboo-derived vermicompost.

[0008] Item 2. The bamboo-derived vermicompost according to Item 1, wherein the organic matter includes vegetable oil cake.

[0009] Item 3. The bamboo-derived vermicompost according to Item 2, wherein the vegetable oil cake is rapeseed oil cake.

[0010] Item 4. The bamboo-derived vermicompost according to Item 1, wherein the average particle size of the bamboo is 1.20 mm or more.

[0011] Item 5. The bamboo-derived vermicompost according to Item 1, wherein the maximum particle diameter of the bamboo is 4.00 mm or more and 10.00 mm or less.

[0012] Item 6. The bamboo-derived vermicompost according to Item 1, wherein the organic matter contains vegetable oil cake and the maximum particle size of the bamboo is 3.00 mm or more.

[0013] Item 7. A method comprising the step of feeding earthworms with organic matter, the organic matter includes bamboo; The organic matter contains vegetable oil cake and / or the maximum diameter of the bamboo is 3.00 mm or more. Item 7. A method for producing bamboo-derived earthworm compost according to any one of Items 1 to 6.

[0014] Item 8. A composition for suppressing plant diseases, comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of the bamboo-derived vermicompost according to any one of Items 1 to 6 and extracts of the bamboo-derived vermicompost.

[0015] Item 9. A method for producing a plant, comprising cultivating a plant in a culture medium or soil containing at least one selected from the group consisting of the bamboo-derived vermicompost according to any one of Items 1 to 6 and extracts of the bamboo-derived vermicompost.

[0016] Item 10. A method for suppressing plant diseases, comprising cultivating a plant in a culture medium or soil containing at least one selected from the group consisting of the bamboo-derived vermicompost according to any one of Items 1 to 6 and extracts of the bamboo-derived vermicompost. [Effects of the Invention]

[0017] According to the present disclosure, a technology can be provided that improves the plant disease suppression effect of bamboo-derived earthworm compost. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0018] [Figure 1] This shows the evaluation results of disease suppression effect in Test Example 2. The vertical axis shows the seedling damping-off rate, and the horizontal axis shows the bamboo-derived vermicompost used. Different letters above the columns indicate significant differences between groups. [Figure 2] This shows the evaluation results of disease suppression effect in Test Example 3. The vertical axis shows the seedling damping-off rate, and the horizontal axis shows the bamboo-derived vermicompost used, with "commercial potting soil" indicating the case where bamboo-derived vermicompost was not used. Different letters in the columns indicate significant differences between groups. [Figure 3] This shows the evaluation results of disease suppression effect in Test Example 4. The vertical axis shows the seedling damping-off rate, the horizontal axis shows the bamboo-derived vermicompost used, and "commercial potting soil" shows the case where bamboo-derived vermicompost was not used. Different letters in the columns indicate significant differences between groups. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0019] In this specification, the expressions "contain" and "comprise" include the concepts of "contain," "comprise," "consist essentially of," and "consist only of."

[0020] In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to bamboo-derived vermicompost (sometimes referred to in this specification as "the vermicompost of the present disclosure") obtained by feeding earthworms with organic matter, wherein the organic matter includes bamboos, the organic matter includes vegetable oil cake, and / or the maximum particle diameter of the bamboos is 3.00 mm or more.

[0021] Vermicompost is compost produced by the ingestion and excretion of organic matter by earthworms. Vermicompost is formed into aggregates by the phagocytosis of earthworms and typically has an aggregate structure. Bamboo-derived vermicompost is vermicompost produced using organic matter including bamboo, and is not particularly limited thereto.

[0022] Bamboos refer to bamboos in a broad sense, including non-woody herbs such as bamboo grass. While any type of bamboo may be used, bamboos in the narrow sense, classified as woody plants, are preferred. Examples of bamboos in the narrow sense include Madake (Phyllostachys bambusoides), Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla pubescence), Hachiku (Phyllostachys nigra), and Hoteichiku (Phyllostachys aurea). Examples of bamboo grass include Yadake (Pseudosasa japonica) and Medake (Pleioblastus simonii). Bamboos may also refer to edible bamboo shoots, young bamboo shoots that have grown to a point where they are no longer edible but have yet to produce branches, or parent bamboos that have grown to a point where the bamboo has hardened. The bamboos that are fed to the earthworms can be one species alone or a combination of two or more species.

[0023] The shape of the bamboos to be fed to the earthworms is not particularly limited. The bamboos are preferably crushed or pulverized so that they are easily ingested by the earthworms. Specifically, the bamboos are preferably pulverized (powdered), for example.

[0024] Bamboos are preferably brought into contact with water for a certain period of time before being fed to earthworms. This allows for the removal of growth inhibitors for earthworms, resulting in more efficient production of bamboo-derived vermicompost. A specific example of a method for bringing bamboos into contact with water is immersing the bamboos in water. In this method, the water temperature can be, for example, 1 to 50°C, the immersion time can be, for example, 1 to 60 hours, preferably 12 to 54 hours, and more preferably 20 to 48 hours, and the amount of water can be, for example, 3 to 500 times, preferably 5 to 20 times the amount of bamboo. After immersion, it is preferable to separate the bamboos from the water. Another specific example of a method for bringing bamboos into contact with water is leaving the bamboos outdoors. In this method, natural rainfall is allowed to come into contact with and penetrate the bamboos, so it is preferable to leave the bamboos outdoors for a period of time sufficient for rainfall to occur, for example, 1 to 6 months.

[0025] The moisture content of bamboos is preferably 50 to 95% by mass, more preferably 60 to 90% by mass, even more preferably 70 to 85% by mass, and even more preferably 75 to 85% by mass.

[0026] There are no particular limitations on the method for feeding bamboos to earthworms. Typically, bamboos and earthworms are placed in a container, allowing the earthworms to eat the bamboos. There are no particular limitations on the earthworms, and examples include Eisenia fetida, Eisenia brachycarpa, and Eisenia pallidum. Among these, Eisenia fetida, which feeds primarily on decaying organic matter, is preferably used as the earthworm. The amount of earthworms added can be determined as appropriate, but is, for example, about 0.1 to 20% by mass, preferably 1 to 10% by mass, relative to 100% mass of the bamboos.

[0027] The container containing the bamboo and earthworms can be left for, for example, 1 to 6 months, preferably 2 to 3 months, depending on the amount of earthworms added. The environment in which it is left can be any environment in which the earthworms can grow, for example, a dark place at about 15 to 30°C. It is also preferable to supply water as needed to prevent excessive drying during the time it is left.

[0028] As organic matter for earthworms to eat, other plants can be used in addition to bamboo. There are no restrictions on the type of other plants, as long as they do not kill the earthworms. As other plants, plants with a high nitrogen content are preferably used. Because bamboo has a high carbon content, using other plants with a high nitrogen content makes it possible to adjust the carbon to nitrogen ratio (C / N ratio) in the resulting compost to a more suitable range. As plants with a high nitrogen content, plants with a nitrogen content of 3% or more relative to the carbon content in the plant are preferred, preferably 5% or more, and desirably 8% or more. Specific examples include legumes. Examples of legumes include kudzu, Cassia japonica, carob, Senna, Coccinella vulgaris, Redbud, tamarind, acacia, Gum arabic, Mimosa pudica, Albizia julibrissin, chickpea, rooibos, kingwood, sea pea, sweet pea, lentil, pea, wild pea, broad bean, astragalus, wisteria, sword bean, soybean, hyacinth bean, kidney bean, adzuki bean, Sophora japonica, red clover, white clover, vetch, wild pea, rice clover, Lotus japonicus, wild soybean, thunbergia japonica, hairy vetch, crotalaria, and sesbania. The plants used may be either edible parts or inedible parts such as leaves and stems, or so-called food waste after eating.

[0029] The vermicompost of the present disclosure is characterized in that the organic matter fed to the earthworms contains vegetable oil cake (Feature 1) and / or the organic matter fed to the earthworms contains bamboos with a maximum diameter of 3.00 mm or more (Feature 2), which can improve the plant disease suppression effect of the bamboo-derived vermicompost.

[0030] The vegetable oil meal in Feature 1 is the residue remaining after oil extraction from oil-containing plant tissue, and is not particularly limited thereto. Specific examples of vegetable oil meals include rapeseed oil meal, coconut oil meal, corn oil meal, cottonseed oil meal, olive oil meal, palm oil meal, palm kernel oil meal, peanut oil meal, safflower oil meal, sesame oil meal, soybean oil meal, sunflower oil meal, nut oil meal, gourd oil meal, pumpkin oil meal, watermelon oil meal, acai oil meal, blackcurrant oil meal, apple oil meal, avocado oil meal, flaxseed oil meal, pine nut oil meal, rice oil meal, camellia oil meal, and grape oil meal. The vegetable oil cake is preferably the residue of plant seed extraction, and rapeseed oil cake is particularly preferred.

[0031] The vegetable oil meal is preferably in the form of fine particles so that it can be easily contacted by earthworms. The particle size of the vegetable oil meal is preferably about the same as that of rapeseed oil meal, for example, 0.1 to 5.0 mm, preferably 0.5 to 3.0 mm.

[0032] As the vegetable oil cake, various commercially available products can be used, or products produced according to or in accordance with known methods can also be used.

[0033] The vegetable oil cake may be one type alone or a combination of two or more types.

[0034] The maximum diameter of the bamboos in Feature 2 is preferably 4.00 mm or more and 10.00 mm or less, more preferably 5.00 mm or more and 8.00 mm or less. The average diameter of the bamboos is preferably 1.20 mm or more, more preferably 1.30 mm or more, and even more preferably 1.40 mm or more.

[0035] The average diameter was measured as follows: a slide on which the powder was placed was prepared, and observation images were taken using an optical microscope (Olympus BX43) and an image analyzer (Olympus DP2-SAL). The major axes of 19 to 23 randomly selected powder particles (usually rod-shaped) were measured, and the average was calculated. The largest of the major axes measured was taken as the maximum diameter.

[0036] The content of bamboos in 100% by mass of organic matter to be fed to earthworms is, for example, 70% by mass or more, preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and even more preferably 95% by mass or more.

[0037] When the organic matter to be fed to the earthworms contains vegetable oil cake, the content of the vegetable oil cake is, for example, 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, preferably 0.2 to 5 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.5 to 2 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of bamboo.

[0038] The obtained bamboo-derived vermicompost can be used as compost as is or after undergoing other treatments. Examples of other treatments include heat treatment. The heat treatment temperature is, for example, 50 to 150°C, preferably 55 to 130°C, more preferably 60 to 100°C, even more preferably 60 to 90°C, and even more preferably 65 to 80°C. The heat treatment time is, for example, 30 minutes to 5 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 2 hours.

[0039] The vermicompost of the present disclosure has a plant disease suppression effect and can be used as an active ingredient in a plant disease suppression composition for plant production and a plant disease suppression method. Also, an extract of the vermicompost of the present disclosure can be used for these purposes.

[0040] Thus, the present disclosure: a composition for suppressing plant diseases, comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of the earthworm compost of the present disclosure and an extract of the earthworm compost of the present disclosure; A method for producing a plant, comprising cultivating a plant in a culture medium or soil containing at least one selected from the group consisting of the vermicompost of the present disclosure and an extract of the vermicompost of the present disclosure; A method for suppressing plant diseases, comprising cultivating a plant in a culture medium or soil containing at least one selected from the group consisting of the earthworm compost of the present disclosure and an extract of the earthworm compost of the present disclosure; Also relates to.

[0041] The extraction solvent used for extraction may be either a hydrophilic solvent or a lipophilic solvent. The terms "hydrophilic solvent" and "lipophilic solvent" are used in the sense commonly used by those skilled in the art. Examples of extraction solvents include water, alcohols with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin, ketones such as acetone, hydrocarbons such as hexane, and aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene. A mixture of water and a hydrophilic solvent, more preferably water, is preferred. Extraction can be performed by contacting the earthworm compost of the present disclosure with the extraction solvent. For example, a method of adding the earthworm compost of the present disclosure to the extraction solvent and then stirring is suggested. The ratio of the amount of earthworm compost of the present disclosure to the extraction solvent during contact can also be determined appropriately by those skilled in the art. Furthermore, aeration can be achieved by introducing air into the mixture of the extraction solvent and the earthworm compost of the present disclosure during contact, but aeration is not required. The extract is then preferably filtered through a filter such as filter paper to obtain the extract.

[0042] The target plants for the vermicompost and extract thereof of the present disclosure are not particularly limited. For example, they can be widely applied to angiosperms (dicotyledonous plants, monocotyledonous plants, etc.). Specific examples include eggplants such as tomatoes, bell peppers, chili peppers, and eggplants; melons such as cucumbers, pumpkins, melons, and watermelons; vegetables such as cabbage, broccoli, and Chinese cabbage; fresh or spiced vegetables such as celery, parsley, and lettuce; onions such as leeks, onions, and garlic; beans such as soybeans, peanuts, kidney beans, peas, and adzuki beans; other fruit vegetables such as strawberries; taproots such as radishes, turnips, carrots, and burdock; tubers such as taro, cassava, potato, sweet potato, and Chinese yam; asparagus, spinach, Japanese mustard spinach, cilantro, mizuna, ice plant, Japanese honeywort, morning glory, and spinach. Examples of suitable crops include soft vegetables such as soybeans, flowering plants such as lisianthus, stock, carnations and chrysanthemums, grains such as rice, wheat, barley, oats, corn and quinoa, turfgrass such as bentgrass and Zoysiagrass, oil crops such as rapeseed and peanuts, sugar crops such as sugarcane and sugar beet, fiber crops such as cotton and rush, forage crops such as clover, sorghum and dent corn, deciduous fruit trees such as apples, pears, grapes and peaches, citrus fruits such as Satsuma mandarins, lemons and grapefruits, root vegetables such as ginger, taro and sweet potato, and flowering trees such as roses and hydrangeas.

[0043] Examples of diseases include a decrease in yield due to infection with pathogenic fungi. The disease is particularly preferably damping-off from seedlings. Examples of pathogenic fungi include, but are not limited to, Pythium, Olpidium, Phytophthora, Downy Mildew, Aphanomyces, Fusarium, Soft Rot Fungi, and Ralstonia wilt.

[0044] The vermicompost of the present disclosure can be used not only by mixing it with soil as compost (for example, at a ratio of 2% by mass to 80% by mass, preferably 5% by mass to 60% by mass, more preferably 10% by mass to 40% by mass, and even more preferably 15% by mass to 30% by mass), but also as a suitable culture soil for agriculture or horticulture. It can also be added to a culture medium for hydroponic cultivation, etc.

[0045] The vermicompost extract of the present disclosure can be used by adding it to culture soil or a medium as a liquid or solid agent (for example, granules, powder, etc.).

[0046] The composition of the culture soil or medium, and the cultivation conditions such as temperature, humidity, and light conditions can be appropriately set depending on the type of crop to be cultivated, the desired quality of the harvest, and the like. [Example]

[0047] The present invention will be described in detail below based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0048] Reference Example 1. Production of bamboo powder Bamboo shoots (produced in Kawachinagano, Osaka Prefecture) were crushed using a wood crusher (GS401D, manufactured by Ohashi Co., Ltd.) to obtain bamboo powder. By adjusting the speed at which the material was fed into the crushing section and using a screen, two types of powder with different maximum and average diameters were obtained: Powder 1 (coarse): maximum diameter 6.47 mm / average diameter 1.56 mm; Powder 2 (fine): maximum diameter 1.00 mm / average diameter 0.55 mm.

[0049] The average diameter was measured as follows: A slide on which the powder was placed was prepared, and observation images were taken using an optical microscope (Olympus BX43) and an image analyzer (Olympus DP2-SAL). The major axes of 19 to 23 randomly selected powder particles (usually rod-shaped) were measured, and the average was calculated. The largest of the major axes measured was taken as the maximum diameter.

[0050] Test Example 1. Production of bamboo-derived vermicompost Approximately 10 times the volume of water was added to the bamboo powder (powder 1 (coarse) or powder 2 (fine)) obtained in Reference Example 1, and the mixture was left at room temperature (approximately 25°C) for 24 hours. The supernatant was then removed and the bamboo powder was soaked in water. 10 kg of bamboo powder (moisture content 80% by mass) was placed in a plastic container, and 100 g of earthworms (Eisenia foetida) were added. Furthermore, 100 g of powdered arrowroot or rapeseed oil cake (rapeseed oil cake N5.3 (trade name), manufactured by Okamura Oil Mills) with a maximum diameter of approximately 2 mm was placed in each container for each 10 kg of bamboo powder. The containers were then covered and left in a room at 28°C ± 2°C for two months. During this time, water was sprayed on the surface approximately once every two days to maintain the moisture content of the composted material at approximately 80%. The resulting compost exhibited aggregate formation due to the phagocytosis of the earthworms, and a homogeneous aggregate structure was observed.

[0051] The three types of bamboo-derived vermicompost produced are: (1) TVB (Traditional Vermicomposted Bamboo): Bamboo powder (powder 2 (fine)) + dung. (2) MVBF100 (Modified Vermicomposted Bamboo Fine 100): Bamboo powder (powder 2 (fine)) + rapeseed oil cake. (3) MVBC100 (Modified Vermicomposted Bamboo Coarse 100): Bamboo powder (powder 1 (coarse)) + rapeseed oil cake.

[0052] Furthermore, the MVBF100 and MVBC100 composts contained earthworms that were clearly smaller than the ones placed in the containers, indicating that the earthworms had successfully reproduced in these composts. Also, MVBC100 tended to produce more of the next generation of earthworms.

[0053] Test Example 2. Evaluation of disease suppression effect 1 Bamboo-derived earthworm compost (TVB or MVBF100) was added to and mixed with commercially available potting soil (Takii Tanemaki Baido (product name), manufactured by Takii Seed Co., Ltd.) at a ratio of 20% by mass, and the resulting soil was used as potting soil. The light and temperature conditions were as follows: 30°C, 14 h / 25°C, 10 h, PPFD 90-110 μmol / m 2 s.

[0054] Perilla (fragrant perilla) was sown in six pods for each type of soil, and after seven days of seedling cultivation, the seedlings in each pod were thinned to 10. Three days later, the pathogen of damping-off disease (Pythium myriotylum) cultured in turfgrass was inoculated. Two days later, the presence or absence of damping-off symptoms was assessed, and the rate of damping-off disease in each pod was calculated, with the average value for the six pods calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using Tukey's HSD test to determine significance.

[0055] The results are shown in Figure 1. It was found that the bamboo-derived vermicompost (MVBF100) obtained using rapeseed oil cake had a higher disease suppression effect than the conventional bamboo-derived vermicompost (TVB, Patent Document 1).

[0056] Test Example 3. Evaluation of disease suppression effect 2 Bamboo-derived earthworm compost (MVBF100 or MVBC100) was added to and mixed with commercially available potting soil (Takii Tanemaki Baido (product name), manufactured by Takii Seed Co., Ltd.) at a ratio of 20% by mass, and the resulting soil was used as the potting soil. Alternatively, the commercially available potting soil was used as is.

[0057] Six pods were prepared for each type of soil, and the test was carried out in the same manner as in Test Example 2 except that the infection conditions for the pathogen were made milder, and the average damping-off rate was calculated.

[0058] The results are shown in Figure 2. It was found that the bamboo-derived vermicompost (MVBC100) obtained using Powder 1 (coarse) as the bamboo powder had a greater disease suppression effect than the bamboo-derived vermicompost (MVBF100) obtained using Powder 2 (fine) as the bamboo powder.

[0059] Test Example 4. Evaluation of disease suppression effect 3 Bamboo-derived earthworm compost (TVB or MVBF100) was added to and mixed with commercially available potting soil (Takii Tanemaki Baido (product name), manufactured by Takii Seed Co., Ltd.) at a ratio of 20% by mass, and the resulting soil was used as the potting soil. The commercially available potting soil was also used as is. The light and temperature conditions were as follows: 25°C, 14 h / 22°C, 10 h, PPFD 90-110 μmol / m 2 s.

[0060] Cucumbers (Shin Tokiwa ground cucumbers) were sown in six pods for each type of soil, and after seven days, the pathogen of damping-off disease (Globisporangium ultimum) cultured in turfgrass was inoculated. After four days, the presence or absence of damping-off symptoms was determined, and the rate of damping-off disease in each pod was calculated, with the average value for the two pods calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using Tukey's HSD test to determine significance.

[0061] The results are shown in Figure 3. It was demonstrated that the disease suppression effect can be exerted on different plants and different pathogens than those in Test Examples 2 and 3.

Claims

1. Bamboo-derived vermicompost obtained by feeding earthworms with organic matter, the organic matter includes bamboo; The organic matter contains vegetable oil cake and / or the maximum diameter of the bamboo particles is 3.00 mm or more; Bamboo-derived vermicompost.

2. The bamboo-derived vermicompost of claim 1, wherein the organic matter comprises vegetable oil cake.

3. The bamboo-derived vermicompost according to claim 2, wherein the vegetable oil cake is rapeseed oil cake.

4. 2. The bamboo-derived vermicompost according to claim 1, wherein the average particle size of the bamboo is 1.20 mm or more.

5. 2. The bamboo-derived vermicompost according to claim 1, wherein the maximum diameter of the bamboo particles is 4.00 mm or more and 10.00 mm or less.

6. 2. The bamboo-derived vermicompost according to claim 1, wherein the organic matter contains vegetable oil cake and the maximum diameter of the bamboo particles is 3.00 mm or more.

7. The method includes a step of feeding the earthworms with organic matter, the organic matter includes bamboo; The organic matter contains vegetable oil cake and / or the maximum diameter of the bamboo is 3.00 mm or more. A method for producing bamboo-derived earthworm compost according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A composition for suppressing plant diseases, comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of the bamboo-derived vermicompost according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and extracts of said bamboo-derived vermicompost.

9. A method for producing a plant, comprising cultivating a plant in a culture medium or soil containing at least one selected from the group consisting of the bamboo-derived vermicompost according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and extracts of the bamboo-derived vermicompost.

10. A method for suppressing plant diseases, comprising cultivating a plant in a culture medium or soil containing at least one selected from the group consisting of the bamboo-derived earthworm compost according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and extracts of the bamboo-derived earthworm compost.

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