Live fire training device

Abstract

To provide a live fire training device which is highly durable and is inexpensive.SOLUTION: The inside of a main body unit 10 is divided in the x-direction into a combustion unit 10A and a training chamber 10B by a smoke adjustment flapper 50. The smoke adjustment flapper (smoke partition plate) 50 includes a flat flapper main body 51 and a reinforcing member 52, similar to the smoke adjustment flapper in an existing live fire training device. The reinforcing member 52 is an equal-leg angle steel, and the extending direction of the reinforcing member is set to the y-direction. The reinforcing member 52 is also welded to the flapper main body 51, but the reinforcing member 52 is tapping-welded to the flapper main body 51 so that welding portions 100 are provided intermittently in the extending direction.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a durable and inexpensive real fire training device. [Background technology]

[0002] A real fire training device is used to conduct training in an environment in which thick smoke is generated by burning wood or the like, similar to a real fire. The structure of such a real fire training device is described in, for example, Patent Document 1.

[0003] FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a simplified structure of a real fire training apparatus 8 described in Patent Document 1. This real fire training apparatus 8 uses a main body 10 having a substantially rectangular internal space with the horizontal direction in the figure as the longitudinal direction (x direction). A combustion platform 21 is installed near the end of the main body 10 on the right side in the figure (positive side in the x direction), and a combustible object A is ignited and burned on it. On the left side of this area, a plate-shaped smoke control flapper (smoke partition plate) 92 is installed inside the main body 10 so as to partition off only the upper area of ​​the main body 10. A trainee H can enter the main body 10 from a front room 30 connected to the left side of the main body 10 in the figure through a door 23 formed on the end face of the main body 10 on the left side in the figure.

[0004] In the structure of Figure 7, trainee H is positioned between the right-side smoke control flapper 92 and the left-side door 23, allowing him or her to perform the desired training task. Because combustion occurs to the right of the smoke control flapper 92, the interior space of the main body 10 is divided into combustion section 10A on the right side (positive x-direction) and training room 10B on the left side (negative x-direction), with the smoke control flapper 92 as the boundary. In Figure 7, an exhaust port 24 is provided in the ceiling of the main body 10 near door 23, and thick smoke S is drawn from exhaust port 24 into smoke treatment unit 40 and rendered harmless. This structure allows thick smoke S to pass under the smoke control flapper 92 and flow from combustion section 10A toward the ceiling of training room 10B toward the left side in the figure.

[0005] Furthermore, the high-temperature thick smoke S that overflows the smoke control flapper 92 remains in the upper layer of the training room 10B before being exhausted from the exhaust port 24. As a result, the pressure of the high-temperature layer, where visibility is obstructed by the thick smoke S, is balanced with the pressure of the lower low-temperature layer, where visibility is clear, maintaining a neutral zone. As a result, while the temperature within the combustion section 10A becomes extremely high as combustion progresses, the lower layer within the training room 10B is maintained at a temperature at which the trainee H can remain active. However, because the trainee H can visually observe the thick smoke S overflowing from below the smoke control flapper 92, he or she can confirm the occurrence of rollover, which is a precursor to the phenomenon of flammable gas contained in the thick smoke S spontaneously combusting due to high temperatures (flashover: sudden explosive combustion). This allows for safer and more practical training.

[0006] The smoke treatment unit 40, which exhausts and neutralizes the thick smoke S, is connected to the exhaust port 24 formed in the main body 10 as described above, and the thick smoke S is neutralized in the smoke treatment unit 40 by processing such as combustion and then discharged into the outside air.

[0007] Here, since the smoke control flapper 92 is directly exposed to high temperatures during combustion, especially on the combustion section 10A side, it is made of a thermally and mechanically strong material, for example, a 4.5 mm thick steel plate, which is welded and fixed to the ceiling surface and side surfaces inside the main body 10. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0008] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-34024 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0009] As described above, the smoke control flapper 92 is important from the viewpoints of controlling the degree of inflow of thick smoke S into the training room 10B and protecting the training subject H from heat. On the other hand, because the smoke control flapper 92 is installed in close proximity to the combustion section 10A, it is prone to deterioration due to heat.

[0010] In particular, when the real fire training device 8 is used repeatedly, the smoke control flapper 92 is exposed to repeated cooling and heating cycles between high temperatures when in use and normal temperatures when not in use. This causes repeated thermal expansion and contraction, and the smoke control flapper 92 is rapidly cooled when sprayed with water during training, which can cause cracks in the smoke control flapper 92. In this case, the balance between the upper high-temperature layer and the lower low-temperature layer in the training room 10B is lost, which can interfere with the desired training activities.

[0011] Alternatively, if the smoke control flapper 92 is firmly welded to the ceiling or side of the main body 10, cracks may not appear in the smoke control flapper 92, but may instead appear on the main body 10. In this case, outside air may enter the combustion section 10A through the crack, causing the combustion in the combustion section 10A to become unstable, making it impossible to conduct training properly. Furthermore, there is a risk of flashover occurring if oxygen is supplied from the crack to unburned gas in the thick smoke S in the combustion section 10A.

[0012] To prevent deterioration (e.g., cracking) of the smoke control flapper 92 and the main body 10 due to the heat of the combustion section 10A, it is effective to provide a fire-resistant structure for the interior of the combustion section 10A to insulate against heat. For example, such a fire-resistant structure can be constructed by covering the top, both side, and rear surfaces of the combustion section 10A with fire-resistant boards, with insulating material sandwiched between the fire-resistant boards and these surfaces. Furthermore, a similar fire-resistant structure can be formed on the top and both sides of the training room 10B in FIG. 7, for example, within a range of approximately 500 mm from the smoke control flapper 92. However, in this case, the internal structure of the main body 10 becomes complicated, making the real fire training device expensive.

[0013] On the other hand, it is also considered that the distortion of the smoke control flapper 92 and the main body 10 caused by thermal expansion and contraction due to the cooling and heating cycle may be the cause of cracks in the main body 10. In this case, it is effective to give the smoke control flapper 92 a shape and structure with high mechanical strength (reinforcement) so that distortion does not occur, rather than making it a simple thin plate as described above. However, as described above, the smoke control flapper is also required to function to smoothly flow thick smoke S at its lower end. However, such reinforcement interfered with the smooth flow of this thick smoke S. In other words, in this case, although durability was increased, the function itself as a real fire training device as described above was sometimes impaired.

[0014] For this reason, there was a demand for a durable and inexpensive real fire training device.

[0015] The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an invention that solves the above problems. [Means for solving the problem]

[0016] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has the following configurations. The real fire training apparatus of the present invention is a real fire training apparatus configured such that a combustion section that generates smoke by causing combustion inside a box-shaped main body extending in a first direction along the horizontal direction, and a training room that is a space for accommodating trainees, are separated in the first direction on the upper side inside the main body by a smoke partition plate having a plate-like configuration that intersects with the first direction, and are connected in the first direction on the lower side inside the main body, wherein the smoke partition plate has the plate-like configuration and comprises a smoke partition plate main body welded to the inner surface of the main body, and a reinforcing member that extends in a second direction that is in-plane with the smoke partition plate main body and intersects with the first direction and is joined to the smoke partition plate main body. The reinforcing member may be composed of an angle iron having an L-shaped cross section perpendicular to the second direction, and may be joined to the smoke partition plate body by welding two end sides extending in the second direction corresponding to the ends of the two sides constituting the L-shape to the surface of the smoke partition plate body facing the training room, with the apex of the L-shape spaced apart from the surface of the smoke partition plate body. The end edges of the smoke partition plate body may be joined to the inner surface of the main body by continuous fillet welding, and the end edges of the reinforcing members may be joined to the surface of the smoke partition plate body by intermittent fillet welding. A fire-resistant plate may be fixed to an inner surface of the main body portion in the combustion section that is parallel to the first direction, and an end edge of the smoke partition plate main body may be joined to the fire-resistant plate by continuous fillet welding, and an end edge of the reinforcing member may be joined to the surface of the smoke partition plate main body by intermittent fillet welding. The fire-resistant plate may not protrude further toward the training room than the smoke partition plate body in the first direction. The pitch of the intermittent fillet welds between the end edges of the reinforcing members and the surface of the smoke partition plate body may be 300 mm or less, and the width of a single joint portion may be 50 mm or more. [Effects of the Invention]

[0017] Since the present invention is configured as described above, it is possible to obtain a highly durable and inexpensive real fire training device. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0018] [Figure 1] 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of a real fire training apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view showing the structure around a smoke partition plate in the real fire training apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] 1A is a perspective view, FIG. 1B is a front view, and FIG. 1C is a side view of a smoke partition plate used in a real fire training apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing the structure of a modified example of the real fire training apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a combustion section in a modified example of the real fire training apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of an example (part 2) of a conventional real fire training device. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of an example (part 1) of a conventional real fire training device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0019] A real fire training apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of a real fire training apparatus 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The combustion platform 21 and the trainee H are similar to those in FIG. 7, but are not shown here. In this real fire training apparatus 1, the smoke control flapper (smoke partition plate) 50 used is configured differently from the smoke control flapper 92 in the real fire training apparatus 8. The configuration other than the smoke control flapper is the same as that of the real fire training apparatus 8. Below, we will explain the case where the x-axis (left-right direction in the figure), y-axis (direction intersecting the paper in the figure: the front is the negative side), and z-axis (up-down direction in the figure) are taken as shown in FIG. 1. As with the real fire training apparatus 8, the interior of the main body 10 is divided into a combustion section 10A and a training room 10B in the x-direction (first direction) by the smoke control flapper 50. Since the main body 10 is formed based on a container such as an ISO standard product, its inner surface (surface) is actually made of corrugated steel plate or the like and is not flat, but these are described here as flat.

[0020] Here, this smoke control flapper (smoke partition plate) 50 comprises a flat flapper body (smoke partition plate body) 51 and a reinforcing member 52, similar to the smoke control flapper 92 in the conventional real fire training apparatus 8. FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view showing the configuration around the smoke control flapper 50 in FIG. 1. FIG. 3(a) is a further enlarged perspective view of the structure of the smoke control flapper 50, FIG. 3(b) is a front view of the smoke control flapper 50 as seen from the negative side in the x direction, and FIG. 3(c) is a side view of the reinforcing member 52 and its periphery as seen from the negative side in the y direction. In FIG. 3(c), only the periphery of the reinforcing member 52 is shown enlarged.

[0021] The flapper body 51 is made of, for example, a 4.5 mm thick steel plate, similar to the smoke control flapper 92. The reinforcing member 52 is joined to the surface of the flapper body 51 on the negative side of the x direction (the training room 10B side). The reinforcing member 52 is an equal-sided angle iron (angle) with an L-shaped cross section perpendicular to the extension direction, and its extension direction is the y direction in Figure 1 (second direction: the in-plane direction of the flapper body 51 and the horizontal direction). As such a reinforcing member 52, commercially available inexpensive angle iron can be used.

[0022] Also, as shown in Figures 3(a) and (c), the two end edges of the reinforcing member 52 extending in the y direction corresponding to the ends of the two sides that make up this L-shape are welded to the surface of the flapper body 51, and the reinforcing member 52 is fixed to the flapper body 51 in a manner such that the apex of this L-shape is separated from the surface of the flapper body 51.

[0023] Furthermore, the edge of the flapper body 51 is welded to the inner surface of the main body 10 by continuous fillet welding. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 2, a continuous weld 100 is formed along the edge of the flapper body 51 (the upper end and left end in the figure), and although not shown, a similar weld 100 is also formed at the right end. As will be described later, a weld 100 is also formed around the reinforcing member 52, but this is not shown in Fig. 2.

[0024] As a result, the flapper body (smoke control flapper) 51 is firmly fixed inside the main body 10. Furthermore, because the welded joint 100 is formed continuously in this manner, the upper part of the main body 10 is sealed between the combustion section 10A and the training room 10B at the location of the flapper body 51, so that the thick smoke S in Figure 1 passes only below the smoke control flapper 50 and flows from the combustion section 10A into the training room 10B.

[0025] Because the smoke adjustment flapper 50 is fixed to the main body 10 at its left and right edges and top edge in this manner, it is particularly preferable to provide the reinforcing member 52 near the bottom edge, which is the portion of the flapper main body 51 that is not fixed in this manner. In this case, although only one reinforcing member 52 is provided in Figure 2 etc., multiple reinforcing members may be provided in parallel above and below (z direction).

[0026] The reinforcing member 52, which is an angle iron, is welded to the flapper body 51, but as shown in Figures 3(a) and 3(b), the reinforcing member 52 is tap-welded (intermittent fillet welded) to the flapper body 51 so as to provide intermittent welds 100 in the extension direction (y direction). Note that the reinforcing member 52 is not directly welded to the inner surface of the body 10.

[0027] When the reinforcing member 52 is provided on the training room 10B side as described above and its side structure is as shown in Figure 3(c), the reinforcing member 52 protrudes locally from the surface of the flapper body 51, but allows the thick smoke S to flow smoothly along this surface. Therefore, this has little effect on the airflow (flow of thick smoke S) within the training room 10B. As described above, it is preferable to fix the reinforcing member 52 to the underside of the flapper body 51. In this case, the reinforcing member 52 has a large effect on the flow of thick smoke S, but by shaping the reinforcing member 52 in this way, this effect can be reduced.

[0028] Furthermore, it is clear that the smoke control flapper 50 to which the reinforcing member 52 is welded in this manner is mechanically reinforced compared to the smoke control flapper 92 in Figure 7, and this configuration can be realized inexpensively and easily.

[0029] Conversely, if the rigidity of the smoke adjustment flapper 50 side is increased in this way, cracks may occur in the main body 10 to which the smoke adjustment flapper 50 is welded, as described above. In contrast, in the above structure, the flapper main body 51 is continuously fillet welded to the inner surface of the main body 10 without any gaps, while the reinforcing member 52 is tap welded to the flapper main body 51. This prevents the rigidity of the smoke adjustment flapper 50 from increasing excessively, and prevents cracks from occurring in the main body 10.

[0030] The reinforcing effect of the reinforcing member 52 of the smoke control flapper 50 can be adjusted by the tap welding conditions. Specifically, if the pitch of the welds 100 along the y direction in FIG. 3(b) is P and the length of a single weld (joint) 100 is W, the length of W is appropriately set to maintain the strength of one weld 100, for example, 50 mm or more. In this case, the pitch P is set to 100 mm or more and 300 mm or less. However, if the pitch P is longer than 300 mm, the reinforcing effect of the flapper body 51 is reduced, and deformation of the flapper body 51 is likely to occur. For this reason, tap welding with a pitch P of 200 mm or less is particularly preferred.

[0031] When the smoke control flapper 50 is provided in the main body 10, it can be combined with a fireproof plate installed on the inner surface of the main body 10. Fig. 4 is a see-through perspective view of a real fire training apparatus 2 having such a structure, showing an enlarged view of the structure near the combustion section 10A in Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view viewed from the negative side to the positive side in the x direction, showing in more detail the structure inside the combustion section 10A in Fig. 4.

[0032] In Figure 4, as in Figure 2, the structure on the negative side of the y direction is omitted. Here, highly heat-resistant steel fireproof plates 61A, 61B, and 61C are installed along the inner surface of the back side (positive side of the x direction) as seen from the trainee H, the ceiling surface, and the inner surface of the left side (positive side of the y direction). Although not shown, a fireproof plate similar to fireproof plate 61C is also installed on the inner surface of the right side (negative side of the y direction). Also shown here is the combustion table 21. As shown, the combustion table 21 has a rectangular shape with its top surface (positive surface of the z direction) roughly equal to the bottom surface of the combustion section 10A, and is equipped with a grating structure, allowing combustible materials to be burned on it. The combustion table 21 is made of steel.

[0033] 5 also shows fireproof plate 61D on the negative y-direction side (right side in the figure), which was not shown in FIG. 4, and shows a plan view of only fireproof plate 61A. As shown here, the bottom edges of fireproof plates 61A, 61C, and 61D are fixed to combustion table 21 and integrated, and orthogonal abutting edges along the z-direction of these fireproof plates are fixed to each other by continuous fillet welding. The positive y-direction, positive x-direction, and negative y-direction sides of fireproof plate 61B abut and are fixed to the top edges of fireproof plate 61C, fireproof plate 61A, and fireproof plate 61D, respectively, by continuous fillet welding.

[0034] 5, a heat insulating material 62 is sandwiched between the fire-resistant plates 61B, 61C, and 61D and the opposing inner surfaces of the main body 10. Although not shown, the same is true on the side of the fire-resistant plate 61A on the positive side in the x direction. A structure for fixing the heat insulating material 62 can be appropriately provided on the fire-resistant plates 61A to 61D.

[0035] In this structure, the provision of each fire-resistant plate reduces damage to the main body 10 caused by heat from the combustion section 10A. In this case, the smoke control flapper 50 can be fixed to the fire-resistant plates 61B, 61C, and 61D in the structure shown in FIG. 5 rather than directly to the main body 10. Continuous fillet welding can also be used for this fixation. In this case, the gaps between the main body 10 and each of the positive y-direction side, positive z-direction side, and negative y-direction side edges of the smoke control flapper 50 shown in FIG. 5 and the smoke control flapper 50 can be sealed with steel flat plates.

[0036] The structure combining the combustion table 21, the fireproof plates 61A-61D, and the heat insulating material 62 can be inserted and fixed inside the main body 10 as shown in Fig. 5. At this time, the fireproof plates 61B-61D shown in Fig. 5 can be fixed to the inner surface of the main body 10 facing them by continuous fillet welding using fixing members. As described above, the main body 10 is actually made of a corrugated steel plate or the like, and therefore the inner surface of the main body 10 has irregularities. Therefore, such fixing members are appropriately set in accordance with the irregularities.

[0037] The structure using the fire-resistant plates described above can also be applied to the structure shown in FIG. 7 , which uses a conventional smoke control flapper 92. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of such a real fire training apparatus 9, corresponding to FIG. 4 . When a conventional smoke control flapper 92 is used, distortion of the smoke control flapper 92 can cause cracks in the main body 10. In this case, if the smoke control flapper 92 is used in its original form, it is effective to mitigate heating due to combustion in the main body 10 or rapid cooling due to water spraying. For this reason, in FIG. 6 , fire-resistant plates 161A-161C are used instead of the fire-resistant plates 61A-61C described above. Fire-resistant plates 161B and 161C extending in the x direction are formed to extend beyond the smoke control flapper 92 to the negative side of the x direction by approximately 500 mm. The same applies to the fire-resistant plate (corresponding to fire-resistant plate 61D) on the negative side of the y direction (not shown). In other words, in this real fire training apparatus 9, the durability of the main body 10 can be improved by providing a fire-resistant structure over a wide area.

[0038] In this case, the structure becomes complicated, and the real fire training apparatus 9 becomes expensive. Furthermore, as mentioned above, since the trainee H is active in the training room 10B, it is preferable to simplify the structure inside the training room 10B, and from this point of view, such a structure is undesirable. In contrast, when the smoke control flapper 50 described above is used, distortion of the smoke control flapper 50 itself is reduced, so such a fire-resistant structure on the main body 10 side, and in particular, a fire-resistant board on the training room 10B side, is not required. Therefore, compared to the conventional real fire training apparatus 9, this real fire training apparatus 1 can be made cheaper if it has the same durability.

[0039] That is, by using the above-mentioned smoke control flapper (smoke partition plate) 50, which has high heat resistance and durability during use, instead of the smoke control flapper 92, it is possible to simplify the structure of the real fire training apparatus while maintaining the same durability. Furthermore, this smoke control flapper 50 can be easily obtained by tap-welding a reinforcing member 52 with a simple structure to the flapper main body 51. Therefore, the real fire training apparatus 1 can be made inexpensively, and the durability of the main body 10 can also be improved.

[0040] The present invention has been described above based on an embodiment. This embodiment is merely an example, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications are possible in the combination of the respective components, and that such modifications are also within the scope of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0041] 1, 2, 8, 9 Real Fire Training Equipment 10 Main body 10A Combustion section 10B Training room 21 Burning stand 23 Door 24 exhaust port 30 Front room 40 Smoke treatment section 50, 92 Smoke control flapper (smoke partition plate) 51 Flapper body (smoke partition board body) 52 Reinforcement member 61A~61D, 161A~161C fireproof board 62 Insulation 100 Welded section (joint) A. Combustible objects F flame H. Training target S thick smoke

Claims

1. A real fire training device in which a combustion section that generates smoke by causing combustion inside a box-shaped main body section that extends in a first direction along the horizontal direction and a training room that is a space for accommodating trainees are separated in the first direction on the upper side inside the main body section by a smoke partition plate having a plate-like configuration that intersects with the first direction, and are configured to communicate in the first direction on the lower side inside the main body section, The smoke partition plate is A smoke partition plate body having the plate-like structure and welded to the inner surface of the body portion; A reinforcing member extending in a second direction that is an in-plane direction of the smoke partition plate body and intersects with the first direction and joined to the smoke partition plate body; A real fire training device comprising:

2. 2. The real fire training device according to claim 1, wherein the reinforcing member is made of an angle iron having an L-shaped cross section perpendicular to the second direction, and the two end sides extending in the second direction corresponding to the ends of the two sides constituting the L-shape are welded to the surface of the smoke partition plate body on the training room side of the smoke partition plate body, with the apex of the L-shape spaced apart from the surface of the smoke partition plate body, thereby joining the smoke partition plate body to the smoke partition plate body.

3. The end edge of the smoke partition plate body is joined to the inner surface of the body portion by continuous fillet welding, 3. The real fire training apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the end edges of the reinforcing members are joined to the surface of the smoke partition plate body by intermittent fillet welding.

4. a fireproof plate is fixed to an inner surface of the main body of the combustion section that is parallel to the first direction; The end edge of the smoke partition plate body is joined to the fireproof plate by continuous fillet welding, 3. The real fire training apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the end edges of the reinforcing members are joined to the surface of the smoke partition plate body by intermittent fillet welding.

5. 5. The real fire training apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the fire-resistant plate does not protrude further toward the training room than the smoke partition plate body in the first direction.

6. 5. The real fire training apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the pitch of the intermittent fillet welds between the end edges of the reinforcing members and the surface of the smoke partition plate body is 300 mm or less, and the width of a single joint is 50 mm or more.

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