Bryophyte cultivation bed

Abstract

To provide a cultivation bed for growing bryophytes in a short period of time and a method for cultivating bryophytes using the cultivation bed in order to supply, at low cost and in large quantities, bryophytes of the families Araliaceae, Climacium japonicum, Hypnum plumaeforme, and Araliaceae, which are expected to be in greater demand in the future, as greening materials.SOLUTION: Provided is a cultivation bed for at least one of bryophytes belonging to the family Araliaceae, the family Climacium japonicum, the family Hypnum plumaeforme and the family Araliaceae, which comprises a diatomaceous earth layer and a sponge layer under the diatomaceous earth layer, and is equipped with a side enclosure for suppressing the outflow of the diatomaceous earth layer, wherein the enclosure has water permeability. According to the cultivation bed of the present invention and the cultivation method using the cultivation bed, bryophytes of the family Araliaceae, the family Climacium japonicum, the family Hypnum plumaeforme, and the family Araliaceae can be grown in a short period of time by the cultivation bed having a relatively simple structure, so that the bryophytes can be supplied in large quantities at low cost.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a cultivation bed and a cultivation method for moss plants of the families Glimnoniaceae, Sedumaceae, Hypnoniaceae, and Streptomyces, and more particularly to a moss cultivation bed capable of growing these moss plants in a short period of time and a cultivation method using the cultivation bed. [Background technology]

[0002] In order to mitigate the urban heat island effect, green rooftops and walls of buildings are being promoted throughout the city. Mosses are gaining attention as a plant suitable for this purpose. Mosses require no soil, fertilizer, or watering; they thrive solely on rainwater. Furthermore, mosses from the Grumelliaceae family (e.g., Sedum spp.), Scallopaceae family (e.g., Hypnosis spp.), and Spirotrichum spp. (e.g., Scallopaceae) are tolerant of temperatures around 50°C and drought, and can grow even in direct sunlight. Therefore, greening materials using these mosses can be lightweight and maintenance-free. Demand for these mosses from the Grumelliaceae, Scallopaceae, Scallopaceae, and Spirotrichum spp. is expected to grow even more in the future.

[0003] However, there are problems with obtaining these moss plants of the Grimoniaceae, Sedumaceae, Hypnosisae, and Spirotrichum spp. families. It usually takes two to three years for these moss plants to form colonies after the seed moss (gametophyte) is sown in the soil, and collecting these moss plants that grow naturally in the wild is not desirable from an environmental conservation perspective.

[0004] Meanwhile, as a method of greening that utilizes mosses in general, not just those of the Glimnanthaceae, Sedumaceae, Hypnoseaceae, and Spirochaetaceae families, an invention of a substrate structure for greening using mosses, consisting of an artificial turf section and a base with a water-retaining layer (Patent Document 1 [Claim 2], etc.), has been disclosed. This patent document mentions the use of sponge, diatomaceous earth, vermiculite, sand, wood chips, etc. as the water-retaining layer (Patent Document [Claim 3]). This patent document also describes the reception of naturally scattered mosses by the artificial turf section 42 (Patent Document

[0032]

[0035] ). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2023-137996 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a large amount of moss plants of the families Glimnantheceae, Sedumaceae, Hypnoniaceae, and Spirotrichum spp. at low cost, which are expected to be in greater demand as greening materials in the future, and to provide a cultivation bed for growing these moss plants in a short period of time and a method for cultivating these moss plants using the cultivation bed, in order to prevent overexploitation of these moss plants from the natural world. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] As a result of extensive research to solve the above problems, the inventors surprisingly found that by cultivating mosses in a cultivation bed with a sponge layer underneath a diatomaceous earth layer, it is possible to maintain an optimum humidity level for the growth of moss plants of the families Glimnantheceae, Sedumaceae, Hypnoniaceae, and Spirotrichum gracilis, and growth is promoted, thereby arriving at the present invention. That is, the present invention is as follows. 1. A cultivation bed for at least one of moss plants of the family Glimberaceae, Sedumaceae, Hypnosisae, and Spirotrichum spp., It consists of a diatomaceous earth layer and a sponge layer below the diatomaceous earth layer, A side enclosure is provided to suppress the outflow of the diatomaceous earth layer, and the enclosure has water permeability. Moss plant cultivation bed. 2. A moss plant cultivation bed with a net placed on top of the moss plant cultivation bed described above in 1. 3. A method for cultivating mosses, which comprises scattering or planting in a moss cultivation bed of Senki 1 or 2, one or more of the following: mosses of the family Glimnantheceae, Sedumaceae, Hypnoniaceae, and Lyciumaceae, fragments of these mosses, protonema, and spores. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] According to the cultivation bed of the present invention and the cultivation method using the cultivation bed, moss plants of the families Glimnantheceae, Sedumaceae, Hypnoniaceae and Spirotrichum gracilis can be grown in a short period of time using a cultivation bed of a relatively simple structure, and these moss plants can be supplied in large quantities at low cost. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] This shows the state of Ezo Sunagoke moss grown in a container. The top photo is at the start of the experiment, and the bottom photo is about one year later. [Figure 2] This shows the state of Ezo Sunagoke moss cultivated in a field. The top photo is at the start of the experiment, and the bottom photo is about one year later. [Figure 3] Fragments of Hypnoseaceae moss and Sedumaceae moss were scattered on the cultivation bed of the present invention where Sedum spp. was cultivated, and the state after one year was shown. [Figure 4] (A) Fragments of Ezo Sunagoke moss were scattered on a cultivation bed with a side fence that did not allow water to pass through, and the state of the moss was shown one year later. (B) Fragments of Ezo Sunagoke moss were scattered on a cultivation bed that was placed on a water tray and did not allow water to pass through, and the state of the moss was shown one year later. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] The present invention will be described in detail below. 1. About the cultivation beds of mosses from the families Glimpetaceae, Sedumaceae, Hypnoseaceae, and Spirotrichum spp. (1) Mosses of the families Grimaceae, Sedumaceae, Hypnosisae, and Spirotrichum The cultivation bed of the present invention is a cultivation bed intended for the growth of moss plants of the Grumelliaceae, Sedumaceae, Hypnosisae, and Spirochaetaceae families. The Grumelliaceae family includes several genera, of which the genus Sedum spp., which is often used for slope greening, includes Sedum spp., which is also known as Sedum spp., and as it is included in the Grumelliaceae family, it is naturally also within the scope of the present invention. Sedum spp., Sedum spp., and Sedum spp., which are also included in the Grumelliaceae family, include Sedum spp., and Sedum spp., which are also included in the Grumelliaceae family. Unless otherwise specified, the term "moss plants" refers to the gametophyte, which is the one we usually see, out of the two forms: sporophyte and gametophyte.

[0011] (2)Cultivation bed The cultivation bed of the present invention is a cultivation bed for at least one of the mosses of the Glimnaceae, Sedumaceae, Hypnosisae, and Spirochete families, and may also be capable of cultivating a combination of these. Specifically, when fragments of these mosses are sown, these mosses form colonies that are dominant over other mosses and algae, or that are not driven out by other mosses and algae, and coexist without being driven out by other mosses and algae, at least 3 months to 1 year after sowing. Furthermore, even if a cultivation bed in which mosses form colonies when fragments of other mosses are sown is sown, if fragments of Siberian moss or the like also form colonies when sown on this cultivation bed, then naturally this cultivation bed is also a cultivation bed of the present invention. Naturally, the cultivation bed of the present invention is a cultivation bed in which mosses such as Sunagoke, which is a species of the Grimoniaceae family and is often used for greening slopes, grow dominantly or in colonies without being driven out, and a cultivation bed of Sunagoke mosses is more preferable. A cultivation bed is a place where plants are cultivated. The moss cultivation bed of the present invention may be formed in a field, or in a tank or container. In the former case, moss plants of the families Glimnantheceae, Sedumaceae, Hypnoniaceae, and Spirotrichum are cultivated in a field, while in the latter case, these moss plants can be cultivated in a tank or container. The cultivation bed of the present invention is also intended to promote colony formation. The growth of moss plants can refer to the germination of new gametophyte shoots called shoots from scattered gametophytes, or to the formation of a colony around the gametophyte as a nucleus. The cultivation bed of the present invention promotes the latter colony formation.

[0012] (3) Diatomaceous earth layer In the cultivation bed of the present invention, a layer of diatomaceous earth, a natural porous material, is placed. Not just any natural porous material will do; diatomaceous earth is the most suitable. According to the inventor's experiments, for example, zeolite, a natural porous material, does not promote the growth of moss plants in general, and even perlite slows growth. Perlite also has the disadvantage of being easily blown away by the wind due to its shape. Diatomaceous earth is excellent in that it does not deteriorate due to its chemically stable composition of silicon dioxide, and can be used semi-permanently.Furthermore, because it is a natural product, it can be disposed of by simply incorporating it into soil, which has the advantage of placing less strain on the environment. There are three types of diatomaceous earth depending on the processing method: dried, calcined, and flux-calcined. Any of these can be used, but calcined is more preferable. This is because the inventor's experiments have shown that calcined diatomaceous earth promotes faster growth of moss plants than dried diatomaceous earth, and slightly faster growth of moss plants than flux-calcined diatomaceous earth. There is no limit to the thickness of the diatomaceous earth layer, but it is more preferable that it be about 0.5 to 1.5 cm when it contains moisture.

[0013] (4) Sponge layer A sponge layer is placed under the diatomaceous earth layer. Sponges are soft materials with numerous pores inside and are commonly used for washing dishes at home. Sponges can be made from polyurethane, polyester, nylon, melamine, etc., but for the cultivation bed of the present invention, melamine sponges are preferred from the standpoint of weather resistance. Natural sponges are also acceptable. The thickness of the sponge layer is preferably 1 to 5 cm.

[0014] (5) Other layers In addition to the diatomaceous earth and sponge layers, the addition of other layers, such as slow-acting organic fertilizers like leaf mold, is not excluded. However, fast-acting fertilizers like liquid fertilizers can lead to the growth of other mosses and algae, so it is preferable not to include them in the cultivation bed of the present invention.

[0015] (6) Side enclosure The cultivation bed of the present invention has a side enclosure on the diatomaceous earth layer to prevent runoff. The enclosure has water permeability that allows water to pass through quickly, preventing puddles from forming on the surface of the cultivation bed, even during rain. Specifically, the enclosure may be walled and have drainage holes in the wall, or the wall itself may be made of a water-permeable material. Alternatively, the enclosure may be mesh-like, allowing water to pass through the mesh. It is preferable that the water permeability be such that water is quickly drained and does not form puddles, even during heavy rain of 100 mm per hour. More specifically, water permeability may be ensured by forming drainage holes or mesh at approximately the same height as the surface of the cultivation bed to prevent waterlogging. Materials for the side enclosure may include, for example, concrete blocks, bricks, various resins, sponges, and filters. It should be noted that the term "enclosure" here is not limited to a wall-like shape, but includes any mechanism that prevents the outflow of diatomaceous earth.

[0016] 2. Mechanisms that promote growth in moss plants of the families Glimnaceae, Sedumaceae, Hypnosisaceae, and Spirochaetaceae To promote the growth of mosses, the gametophyte leaves, which close when dry, must remain open to allow photosynthesis to continue efficiently, and to achieve this, humidity must be maintained. However, many species of mosses from the Glimpetaceae family, such as Sedum spp., Sedum spp., such as Sphagnum spp., Sphagnum spp., and Sphagnum spp., such as Sphagnum spp., prefer bright locations and will not grow in extremely humid places, so simply maintaining high humidity is not enough. In other words, humidity must be kept constant, neither too high nor too low. In the cultivation bed of the present invention, the sponge layer is thought to function as a moisture regulating valve. By providing a sponge layer below the diatomaceous earth layer, it supplies moisture to the diatomaceous earth when it is dry and absorbs excess moisture from the diatomaceous earth when it is wet. This regulates the moisture content of the diatomaceous earth to a constant level, and accordingly regulates the amount of moisture transpiration from the diatomaceous earth to a constant level. Surprisingly, the combination of the sponge layer and the diatomaceous earth layer not only regulates the humidity in a certain direction, but also appears to provide the optimum humidity for promoting the growth of moss plants of the families Grimaceae, Sedumaceae, Hypnosisae, and Spirotrichum. Furthermore, by providing a sponge layer, the water content per unit volume increases dramatically compared to diatomaceous earth alone, making it possible to continue to supply moisture to moss plants for a long period of time, even during the dry summer months. In fact, by combining a diatomaceous earth layer and a sponge layer, the time it takes for Scleractinian moss to form a colony can be shortened from about two to three years under conventional cultivation to about one year, and the same can be done for mosses of the Sedum family and Hypnosis family. From the second cultivation onwards, Scleractinian moss grows from fragments of the protonema and gametophytes that remain in the soil, shortening the colony formation period to about one to 1.5 years even under conventional cultivation. However, with the present invention, the colony formation period can also be shortened from about one year to a surprisingly short time of about three months.

[0017] However, if the bed has a sponge layer under the diatomaceous earth layer and becomes too wet due to insufficient drainage, it will promote the growth of bryophytes other than those in the families Glimnoniaceae, Sedumaceae, Hypnoniaceae, and Lycium spp. If the moisture level is slightly too high, Polytrichum spp. will flourish, and if the moisture level is high enough, Marchantia polymorpha and other foliose liverworts will flourish. Furthermore, if water is allowed to accumulate frequently during the hot summer months, algae will grow. This algae will form a biofilm that blocks the pores on the diatomaceous earth surface, reducing the permeability of the diatomaceous earth and causing all the moss to become submerged and die. If excess water is prevented from accumulating, the diatomaceous earth surface will temporarily dry out, causing the algae to die and maintaining the porous structure of the diatomaceous earth surface. Therefore, the side enclosures of the cultivation beds are made water-permeable so that mosses and algae other than those of the families Gembriaceae, Sedumaceae, Hypnoniaceae, and Acanthaceae are less likely to grow. It is also preferable that the cultivation bed does not contain fast-acting fertilizers such as liquid fertilizers, as an increase in fertilizer content will lead to the overgrowth of leafy liverworts. In this way, moss plants of the families Grimoniaceae, Sedumaceae, Hypnoniaceae, and Lycium spp. coexist without dominating or being driven out, and their growth is promoted.

[0018] 3. Advantages other than promoting growth Since herbs do not grow easily in the diatomaceous earth layer, mosses can be selectively cultivated. In addition, since the manufacturing process of diatomaceous earth involves drying and heating steps, diatomaceous earth heated to over 100°C is used, and the cultivation bed of the present invention does not require the use of soil, so there is less chance of problems during quarantine when exporting overseas.

[0019] 4. Placing netting on the cultivation bed By disposing the net, moss plants of the families Glimbroniaceae, Sedumaceae, Hypnoniaceae and Spirochaetaceae can grow through the mesh, and once a sufficient colony has formed, the net can be removed and transplanted to the desired location, allowing the desired location to be easily greened. The netting is placed over the cultivation bed at a height slightly lower than the height of the moss plants when they are fully grown. The height of the moss plants is about 3 cm when fully grown, so the netting should be placed at a height of, for example, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. The mesh should be coarse enough to allow the stems of the moss plants to pass through. There are no particular restrictions on the material of the netting, as long as it is weather-resistant, and examples include metal and cloth.

[0020] 5. Cultivation of mosses of the families Glimbriaceae, Sedumaceae, Hypnosisaceae, and Spirotrichum spp. using the cultivation bed of the present invention Prepare a sponge, diatomaceous earth, and side enclosures to form a sponge layer, then place diatomaceous earth on top of it. The sides are enclosed to create a moss cultivation bed of the present invention. Moss plants of the families Glimnantheceae, Sedumaceae, Hypnoniaceae, and Spirotrichum, crushed fragments thereof, their protonemata, spores, etc. may be scattered on the cultivation bed, or moss plants themselves may be planted in diatomaceous earth with the diatomaceous earth covering the rhizoids. From the perspective of rapid colony formation, it is more preferable to use moss plant fragments. By using the cultivation bed of the present invention, it is possible to grow these mosses in a short period of time by simply scattering fragments of mosses of the families Glimnantheceae, Sedumaceae, Hypnoniaceae, and Spirotrichum spp. on the cultivation bed. [Example]

[0021] Example 1 Cultivation of Ezo Sunagoke moss in a container and examination of cultivation conditions (1) Experimental materials and methods Containers were prepared, holes drilled to allow water to pass through, melamine sponges were placed on top as needed, diatomaceous earth was placed on top of that, and Siberian moss was planted. Some of the containers were also submerged in water to simulate conditions with low water permeability. The following six types were prepared. These were left outside. Comparative experiment example 1: Diatomaceous earth layer only. Liquid fertilizer (+). Not submerged in water. Experimental example 2: A sponge layer under a diatomaceous earth layer. Liquid fertilizer (+). Not submerged in water. Comparative Experiment 3: Diatomaceous earth layer only. Liquid fertilizer (+). The container was placed in water. Comparative experiment example 4: Diatomaceous earth layer only. Liquid fertilizer (-). Not submerged in water. Experimental example 5: A sponge layer under a diatomaceous earth layer. Liquid fertilizer (-). Not submerged in water. Comparative Experiment 6: Diatomaceous earth layer only. Liquid fertilizer (-). The container was placed in water. (2) Results Photographs show the situation at the start of the experiment (top of Figure 1) and the situation approximately one year after the start (bottom of Figure 1). In Comparative Experimental Example 1, the growth of algae caused poor drainage, and the moss plants died. In Experimental Example 2, although Ezo sunagoke dominated, thallus species also grew in addition to Ezo sunagoke. In Comparative Experimental Example 3, the Ezo sunagoke moss that was initially added died. In Comparative Experimental Example 4, the condition remained almost the same as it was initially, with no sunagoke growing. In Experimental Example 5, Ezo sunagoke moss grew steadily (circled in the bottom of Figure 1). In Comparative Experimental Example 6, the sunagoke moss that was initially added died. In summary, in Experiments 2 and 5, colonies formed in one year, demonstrating that the cultivation period from sowing seed moss to colony formation, which normally takes two to three years, can be shortened to about one year. Furthermore, when comparing 4, 5, and 6, which did not receive liquid fertilizer, in 4, which contained only diatomaceous earth, Ezo Sunagoke did not grow very well, while in 5, which contained a sponge, it grew well, and in 6, which was submerged in water, it died. Furthermore, when looking at 1, 2, and 3, which did receive liquid fertilizer, in 2, a sponge was placed under the diatomaceous earth layer, just like in 5, but moss plants other than Ezo Sunagoke also flourished. From the above, it was found that adding a sponge and increasing water permeability would result in colonies forming within a year, and that it would be better not to add liquid fertilizer.If liquid fertilizer is added, it is best to avoid periods when algae are likely to grow abundantly and to use a very small amount.

[0022] Example 2 Cultivation of Ezo Sunagoke Moss in the Field (1) Experimental materials and methods The field was surrounded by bricks. Melamine sponges were laid inside the bricks to form a sponge layer, and diatomaceous earth was then placed on top of the sponge layer to form a diatomaceous earth layer. Larger Sunagoke moss plants (Figure 2, top photos 1-3) and smaller plants (Figure 2, top photos 11-14) were planted, and chopped Sunagoke moss fragments (circled area) were scattered. (2) Results The state after about one year is shown (Figure 2, bottom photo). The Ezo Sunagoke moss has grown in each case (Figure 2, top photo → bottom photo), but the area where Ezo Sunagoke moss fragments were sown in particular has grown into a large colony (Figure 2, bottom photo, circled area). It was confirmed that Ezo Sunagoke moss can grow in a short period of time even in the field using the cultivation bed of the present invention.

[0023] Example 3 Cultivation of moss plants of the family Sedum and Hypnose in the moss plant cultivation bed of the present invention (1) Experimental materials and methods Fragments of mosses belonging to the family Sedumaceae and Hypnoseaceae were scattered on a cultivation bed similar to that of Example 2 in which Sedum spp. was cultivated, and the bed was left to stand outdoors for one year. (2) Results Both Sedum family mosses and Hypnosis family mosses formed colonies. Sedum family mosses grew in colonies throughout the area circled, but Sedum family and Hypnosis family mosses also grew in colonies mixed in with these (Figure 3). Like these mosses, Sedum family mosses are resistant to high temperatures and dryness, and are thought to be able to form colonies in the same way.

[0024] Comparative Example 1: Cultivation bed with no water permeability in the side enclosure (1) Experimental materials and methods Rectangular flowerpots with impermeable side walls were used as containers, and the rest of the layers were constructed in the same way as in Experimental Example 5 to serve as cultivation beds. Fragments of sunagoke moss were scattered on these cultivation beds. (A) was left outside, and (B) was left outside and a water tray was placed to keep it constantly moist. Both were left for one year. (2) Results Despite the scattering of Sunagoke fragments, in the slightly more moist area (A) due to the lack of permeability in the side enclosure, Sunagoke was driven out and Polytrichum japonicum flourished. In the more moist area (B), Sunagoke was driven out and Marchantia polymorpha, a phyllosporous species, flourished (Figure 4). From the above, it was found that it is important to prevent the cultivation bed from becoming too wet, and that the water permeability of the enclosure is important. [Industrial Applicability]

[0025] According to the present invention, it is possible to grow moss plants of the families Glimnanthaceae, Sedumaceae, Hypnosisaceae, and Spirochaetaceae in a short period of time, and therefore the present invention is useful not only for the landscaping industry that supplies these moss plants, but also for the construction industry that promotes greening of rooftops and walls.

Claims

1. A cultivation bed for at least one of moss plants of the family Glimberaceae, family Sedumaceae, family Hypnosisae, and family Spirotrichum, It consists of a diatomaceous earth layer and a sponge layer below the diatomaceous earth layer, A side enclosure is provided to suppress the outflow of the diatomaceous earth layer, and the enclosure has water permeability. Moss plant cultivation bed.

2. A moss plant cultivation bed with a net, comprising the moss plant cultivation bed of claim 1 and a net placed on top of the bed.

3. A method for cultivating mosses, comprising scattering or planting on the moss cultivation bed of claim 1 or 2 mosses belonging to the family Glimnantheceae, Sedumaceae, Hypnoniaceae, and Brachycarpaceae, or fragments, protonemata, and spores of these mosses.

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