Three-dimensional frame

Abstract

To provide a three dimensional frame using lumber.SOLUTION: A spatial frame 100 includes a plurality of beam members 110 having a chord member 112 in which lumbers 50 are joined in a lumber axis direction and a plurality of triangular portions 120 which are formed of diagonal members of the lumbers joined to the chord member 112 and are arranged in the lumber axis direction and protrude downward, and in which the triangular portions 120 are arranged in parallel so as to be staggered, and a plurality of connecting members 180 which are configured in a ladder shape by an upper member 182, a lower member 184, and a strut member 186 of the lumbers, are inserted into the triangular parts 120, and in which the upper member 182 is joined to the chord member 112 and the lower member 114 is joined to lower corner parts 122 of the triangular parts 120.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a space frame. [Background technology]

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses technology related to architectural and civil engineering structures, machine structures, and other structures that ensure spans and spaces to support loads and forces. In this prior art, the three-dimensional structure is created by distributing nodes on the surfaces of two different layers, A and B, connecting the nodes on layer A and the nodes on layers A and B with rod-shaped members, and not connecting the nodes on layer B with members.

[0003] Patent Document 2 discloses a technology for a dome-shaped structure formed by interdependently connecting structural elements. In this prior art, in the first step, a convex zone polyhedron A with parallelogram faces as its component elements is used as the core. In the second step, three-dimensional components D are regularly arranged on the outer shell of the core, and a zone polyhedron E is formed by extracting these three-dimensional components. The target structure in these first and second steps incorporates the principles of geometric structure. In the third step, while retaining the intersections of the three-dimensional components, the outward extensions are cut and removed at any point, and the remaining inner three-dimensional components are converted into structural elements J. A hollow structure K is then formed by providing a means for connecting the intersections of the structural elements. In the final step, a dome-shaped structure L is formed using the main structural elements of the hollow structure. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2012-52347 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-7289 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] Lumber obtained from thinnings and the like is thin and short, making it difficult to use it as is for building structures, especially for large span structures.

[0006] An object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional frame using lumber. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The first aspect is a three-dimensional frame comprising: a chord member made of lumber joined in the axial direction; a plurality of triangular sections formed by diagonal lumber joined to the chord member and aligned in the axial direction with a convex downward position, the triangular sections being staggered; and a plurality of connecting members formed in a ladder shape by upper lumber, lower lumber and beam members, inserted into the triangular sections, the upper lumber joined to the chord member and the lower lumber joined to the lower corners of the triangular sections.

[0008] In the first type of three-dimensional frame, the beams made of sawn lumber do not have a component equivalent to the lower chord, unlike truss beams, so if left as is, vertical loads will cause the beams to bend, widening the axial gap between the lower corners of the triangular sections.However, the connecting members cause adjacent beams to push or pull against each other, preventing or suppressing the deflection caused by the gap.

[0009] A second aspect is the three-dimensional frame according to the first aspect, in which the beams of the connecting members are positioned at intermediate portions between the beams.

[0010] In the three-dimensional frame of the second aspect, the connecting members are positioned at the midpoints between the beams, which improves the design and construction of the joints between the connecting members and the beams compared to when the connecting members are positioned at the triangular portions. [Effects of the Invention]

[0011] According to the present invention, a three-dimensional frame using lumber can be provided. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a front view of a building structure using the three-dimensional frame of one embodiment as a roof, viewed from the Y direction. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of the three-dimensional frame of the embodiment. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a front view schematically showing the configuration of the three-dimensional frame of the embodiment as viewed from the Y direction. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a three-dimensional frame according to an embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a connecting member of the three-dimensional frame of FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a beam member of the three-dimensional frame of FIG. 4. [Figure 7] 7 is a perspective view of the state in which the upper and lower members of the connecting member of FIG. 6 are assembled to the beam member of the three-dimensional frame of FIG. 5. FIG. [Figure 8] (A) is an explanatory diagram explaining the positional relationship between the connecting members and beams of the three-dimensional frame, (B) is a diagram showing the configuration of the beams as viewed from the Y direction, and (C) is a diagram showing the configuration of (B) as viewed from the X direction. [Figure 9] 10A is an explanatory diagram illustrating the positional relationship between a beam and a connecting member, and FIG. 10B is an explanatory diagram illustrating the positional relationship between a beam and a connecting member in a modified example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] <Embodiment> A three-dimensional frame according to one embodiment of the present invention will now be described. Two directions that intersect at right angles to the horizontal direction are referred to as the X and Y directions, and are indicated by arrows X and Y, respectively. The vertical direction that intersects at right angles to the X and Y directions is referred to as the Z direction, and is indicated by arrow Z. Furthermore, the direction from the interior of a building to the exterior, which will be described later, is referred to as the outward direction, and the direction from the exterior of the building to the interior is referred to as the inward direction. [structure] First, the specific structure of the three-dimensional frame will be described.

[0014] In Figure 1, the three-dimensional frame 100 of this embodiment is used for the roof 20 of a wooden building 10. The building 10 is rectangular in plan view, and the roof 20, which is made up of the three-dimensional frame 100 (see Figure 4), spans a plurality of skeletons 30 that are provided on both sides in the X direction at intervals in the Y direction. Note that the roof 20 in this embodiment is a gable roof, but is not limited to this. For example, it may be a hip roof, a square roof, a flat roof, or the like.

[0015] Each skeleton 30 is supported on a foundation (not shown) provided on the ground G. Each skeleton 30 is composed of outer columns 32, inner columns 31, and diagonal cross columns 34 made of wood. The outer columns 32 and inner columns 31 are arranged at intervals in the X direction. The diagonal cross columns 34 are provided between the outer columns 32 and inner columns 31, and their ends are joined to the outer columns 32 and inner columns 31 by steel plate insertion drift pin joints (not shown). The lower ends of the outer columns 32 and inner columns 31 are joined by joining members (not shown). Furthermore, the lower ends of adjacent outer columns 32 and the lower ends of adjacent inner columns 31 are also joined by joining members (not shown).

[0016] The roof 20 is composed of space frames 100 arranged on both sides in the X direction. A ridge beam 22 extending in the Y direction is provided at the top of the roof 20. The outer end of the space frame 100 in the X direction is joined to the top of the skeleton 30 with a steel plate insertion drift pin (not shown), and the inner end of the space frame 100 in the X direction is joined to the ridge beam 22. Roof panels (not shown) are provided on top of the space frame 100.

[0017] The three-dimensional frame 100 is at an angle when installed on the building 10 as the roof 20. However, for convenience, in drawings of the three-dimensional frame 100 alone, the state of being installed at an angle is not taken into consideration, and the material axis direction of the beam material 110 (described later) is sometimes illustrated as the X direction.

[0018] As shown in Figures 2, 3, and 4, the wooden three-dimensional frame 100 is constructed by joining beams 110 (see Figure 6) that extend along the X direction in plan view with connecting members 180 (see Figure 5) that extend along the Y direction. The three-dimensional frame 100 of this embodiment uses lumber. Note that "lumber" refers to a wood product made by cutting felled logs or logs to adjust their dimensions. The lumber used in this embodiment is made by cutting thinned lumber, but is not limited to this.

[0019] 2, 3, 4, and 6, beam 110 is composed of chords 112 and diagonal members 114, and is equivalent to a truss beam with no lower chord. Chord 112 corresponds to the upper chord of the truss beam.

[0020] 3, 4, and 6, the chord 112 is lengthened by joining multiple lumber pieces 50 in the axial direction. Any joining method may be used, but in this embodiment, joining is performed by inserting joining plates 52 with pin holes into slits made in the axial ends of the lumber pieces 50, and inserting drift pins from both sides in the Y direction.

[0021] The diagonal members 114 are made of sawn timber and form multiple triangular sections 120 with convex downward projections aligned in the axial direction of the timber (see Figure 8(B)). The diagonal members 114 are arranged to sandwich the chord members 112 from both sides in the Y direction, and the upper ends 114B are joined to the chord members 112 by steel plate insertion drift pin joints (not shown) (see also Figures 8(B) and 8C).

[0022] 2 and 6, the lower ends 114A (see FIG. 2) of the diagonal members 114 are joined together by a steel joint metal member 80. The joint metal member 80 is composed of two first plate portions 82 joined to the lower ends 114A (see FIG. 2) of the diagonal members 114 and a second plate portion 84 (see FIG. 6) connecting the first plate portions 82. In this embodiment, the lower ends 114A (see FIG. 2) of the diagonal members 114 and the first plate portions 82 of the joint metal member 80 are joined together by a lag screw 81.

[0023] As shown in Figures 2 and 5, the connecting member 180 is configured by joining an upper member 182, a lower member 184, and a beam member 186, each made of sawn lumber, in a ladder shape. The upper member 182 and the lower member 184 are each arranged along the Y direction, with a gap between them in the vertical direction. The beam member 186 is arranged along the vertical direction between the upper member 182 and the lower member 184, with a gap between them in the Y direction. The upper and lower ends of the beam member 186 are joined to the upper member 182 and the lower member 184. Any joining method may be used, but in this embodiment, the joining is done with structural screws.

[0024] 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6, the beams 110 in the three-dimensional frame 100 are arranged in parallel at intervals in the Y direction so that the triangular portions 120 are staggered. In FIG. 3, the beams 110 and connecting members 180 on the far side are shown by imaginary lines.

[0025] The ladder-shaped connecting members 180 are arranged along the parallel direction (Y direction) in which the beams 110 are lined up, and are provided at intervals in the axial direction (X direction) of the beams 110. The ladder-shaped connecting members 180 are also inserted into the triangular portions 120. The upper members 182 of the connecting members 180 are joined to the undersides of the chord members 112 of the beams 110. Specifically, the upper members 182 are joined alternately to the valley portions 113 between the triangular portions 120 of the chord members 112 and to the base portions 111 of the triangular portions 120. Any joining method may be used, but in this embodiment, the joining is done with structural screws.

[0026] The lower member 184 of the connecting member 180 is joined to the lower corner 122 within the triangular portion 120 of the beam 110. Any method may be used to join the lower member 184 to the corner 122 of the triangular portion 120, but in this embodiment, they are joined to the top of the second plate portion 84 (see Figure 6) of the connecting metal fitting 80 with a bolt 83. In this embodiment, the post 186 (see Figure 5) of the connecting member 180 is located midway between adjacent beams 110 (see Figure 8(A)).

[0027] In the building 10 of this embodiment, ceiling panels (not shown) are stretched at the midpoint in the height direction of the beams 110 that make up the three-dimensional frame 100. Therefore, the lower halves of the chords 112, the triangular portions 120, and the connecting members 180 are visible from inside the building 12. Furthermore, in this embodiment, there are no pillars or walls below the roof 20, and the interior 12 is a large open space. Note that the interior 12 has a reinforced concrete floor (not shown) that is finished with tiles, flooring, or the like. [Assembly method] Next, a description will be given of a method for assembling the three-dimensional frame 100. Note that the assembling method described below is an example and is not limited to this.

[0028] First, as shown in Figure 6, the lumber 50 is joined in the axial direction to form chord members 112 and diagonal members 114, which are then assembled to produce the beam 110. Next, the beam 110 is installed across the skeleton 30 (see Figure 1).

[0029] Next, as shown in Figure 7, the upper member 182 and lower member 184 of the connecting member 180 (see Figure 5) are inserted into the triangular portion 120 of the beam member 110, the upper member 182 is joined to the chord member 112, and the lower member 184 is joined onto the second plate portion 84 (see Figure 6) of the connecting hardware 80.

[0030] Then, as shown in FIG. 4, the bundle 186 of the connecting member 180 (see FIG. 5) is inserted between the upper member 182 and the lower member 184 and joined from above and below with structural screws. <effect> Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.

[0031] Unlike a truss beam, the beam 110 of this embodiment in the three-dimensional frame 100 does not have a member equivalent to a lower chord. Therefore, if only both axial ends of the beam 110 are supported by a single beam, a vertical load will cause deflection in the valleys 113 so that the axial distance between the corners 122 of the triangular portions 120 increases.

[0032] However, in this embodiment, the corners 122 and valleys 113 in the triangular portions 120 of adjacent beams 110 brace or pull against each other via the connecting members 180, thereby preventing or suppressing deflection due to opening.

[0033] Specifically, a vertical load acting on the valley portion 113 of one beam 110 is transmitted from the upper member 182 of the connecting member 180 to the post 186 and lower member 184, and then transmitted from the lower member 184 to the corner portion 122 of the triangular portion 120 of the adjacent other beam 110, such that the triangular portion 120 is tensioned or pulled, thereby suppressing deflection of the one beam 110. Similarly, a vertical load acting on the valley portion 113 of the other beam 110 is transmitted from the upper member 182 of the connecting member 180 to the post 186 and lower member 184, and then transmitted from the lower member 184 to the corner portion 122 of the triangular portion 120 of the adjacent one beam 110, thereby suppressing deflection of the other beam 110. In this way, the beams 110 brace or pull against each other (support each other) via the connecting members 180, thereby preventing or suppressing deflection.

[0034] Here, the term "pushing or pulling against each other" will be explained in detail.

[0035] 1, the triangular portions 120 are pushed against each other by the connecting member 180 as shown by the arrows AS. However, near the ends, as shown by the arrows CS, half of the triangular portions 120 are compressed as knee braces, reversing the force relationship, and the triangular portions 120 may be pulled against each other by the connecting member 180 as shown by the arrows BS. Hence the phrase "pushing against or pulling against each other."

[0036] Furthermore, because the diagonal members 114 of the beam 110, and the upper members 182, lower members 184, and beam members 186 of the connecting member 180 are short, they can be used as they are without being lengthened by joining them in the axial direction. Also, the chord members 112 of the beam 110 are lengthened by joining lumber 50 in the axial direction, but if the joints (joints) between the lumber 50 of the chord members 112 are within the range where compressive force acts, it is easy to ensure the necessary strength even when the lumber 50 is joined and lengthened.

[0037] In this way, the wooden three-dimensional frame 100 of this embodiment can be made to have a long span by using thin and short lumber. From another perspective, the wooden three-dimensional frame 100 of this embodiment can be made to have a long span without using laminated lumber. Furthermore, by using the long-span three-dimensional frame 100 for the roof 20, the interior 12 can be made into a large space without columns.

[0038] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the force that attempts to open the roof 20 is handled by the diagonal cross columns 34 of the frame 30, which provide resistance in the horizontal direction (X direction). From another perspective, the diagonal cross columns 34 are arranged to handle the thrust force of the roof 20. This eliminates the need to prevent the roof 20 from opening, allowing the interior 12 to be a large, neat space.

[0039] Furthermore, the beam 186 of the connecting member 180 is located in the middle between the beams 110 (see FIG. 8(A)). Therefore, when viewed from inside the building 12, the beam 186 does not overlap the triangular portion 120, improving the design. Furthermore, in terms of construction, the beam 186 is inserted and joined between the upper member 182 and the lower member 184 at the end, but by locating it in the middle, it can be joined from above and below with structural screws, improving the workability of the joint between the connecting member 180 and the beam 110.

[0040] In addition, since the diagonal members 114 of the beam 110 are joined to both sides of the chord member 112, the two diagonal members 114 are offset in the Y direction, improving the design when viewed from inside the building 12. <Other> The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.

[0041] For example, in the above embodiment, as shown in Fig. 9(A), the positions of the ends of the material axes of the connecting members 180 in the material axis direction (Y direction) are aligned. However, as shown in Fig. 9(B), the positions of the ends of the material axes of the connecting members 180 may be shifted in a zigzag pattern. Note that Fig. 9 illustrates the entire connecting member 180 in order to explain the positional relationship.

[0042] When the axial ends of the connecting members 180 are aligned as shown in Figure 9(A), the axial ends are joined to the same beams 110. The axial ends of the connecting members 180 are prone to bending, and the beams 110 joined to the axial ends may also be prone to bending more than the other beams 110. However, when the axial ends of the connecting members 180 are staggered in a zigzag pattern as shown in Figure 9(B), the axial ends are joined to different beams 110, which is preferable because the bending of the axial ends of the connecting members 180 is dispersed. Furthermore, Figure 9(B) provides a better design when viewed from inside the building 12.

[0043] Furthermore, for example, in the above embodiment, the three-dimensional frame 100 is used for the roof 20, but the present invention is not limited to this. The three-dimensional frame 100 may also be used for a floor frame or the like.

[0044] Furthermore, the present invention can be embodied in various forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. A plurality of embodiments and modifications can be implemented in combination as appropriate. [Explanation of symbols]

[0045] 10 Buildings 20 Roof 50 Lumber 100 Three-dimensional structure 110 Beam material 112 String material 114 Diagonal 120 Triangle section 122 Corner 180 Connecting member 182 Top wood 184 Base material 186 Bundle material

Claims

1. a plurality of beams each having a chord formed by joining lumber pieces in the axial direction, and a plurality of triangular portions each having a convex downward side formed by diagonal lumber pieces joined to the chord and aligned in the axial direction, the triangular portions being staggered; a plurality of connecting members each configured in a ladder shape by upper members, lower members, and beam members of lumber, inserted into the triangular portion, the upper members joined to the chord members, and the lower members joined to lower corners within the triangular portion; A three-dimensional structure equipped with

2. The beam of the connecting member is located at the middle between the beams. The three-dimensional structure according to claim 1.

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