Opening structure and cover member

Abstract

To provide an opening structure in which a door frame is constructed so that the heights of upper frame and the lower surface of a ceiling material are aligned, with a configuration that is easy to construct and that makes it difficult for tears or steps to occur in a ceiling finishing material such as wallpaper at the boundary between the upper frame and the ceiling material.SOLUTION: A cover member 20 is used for an opening structure 1 in which a door frame 10 is constructed so that the heights of upper frame 12 and a lower surface of a ceiling material 7 are aligned. The cover member 20 is fixed to the upper frame 12 and has a front plate portion 21 and a rear plate portion 22 configured so that when the upper surface of the ceiling material 7 is abutted against the underside, the height of the abutted ceiling material 7 and the underside of the upper frame 12 are aligned. The cover member 20 is fixed to the upper frame 12 of the door frame 10 before construction, and after construction of the door frame 10, the ceiling materials 7 at the front and rear of the upper frame 12 are fixed to a rough frame 6 with their upper surfaces abutting against the undersides of a front plate portion 21 and a rear plate portion 22.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an opening structure in which a door frame is installed so that the height of the upper frame and the lower surface of a ceiling material are aligned, and to a cover member for the upper frame used in the opening structure. [Background technology]

[0002] In buildings such as houses, there are cases where a door frame is constructed so that the upper frame is embedded in the ceiling without providing a drop wall above the opening (see, for example, Patent Document 1 below). With this type of opening structure, there is no drop wall and the upper frame is embedded in the ceiling and is not visible, which gives the opening a neat appearance and improves its design, and also has the effect of making the space appear larger because the opening closed by the fittings reaches from the floor to the ceiling. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 5594543 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In the above-mentioned opening structure, the boundary between the upper frame and the ceiling material is made invisible by extending the ceiling finishing material, which is attached to the underside of the ceiling material, and attaching it to the underside of the upper frame.

[0005] However, in the above-mentioned opening structure, because the upper frame and ceiling material are fixed to separate components, if the upper frame sags over time, the vertical position of the ceiling material and the upper frame will shift, which could cause the ceiling finish material, such as wallpaper, to tear or create a step at the boundary between the upper frame and the ceiling material. Furthermore, because vibrations caused by the opening and closing of the door and window fixtures are transmitted to the upper frame but not to the ceiling material, repeated opening and closing of the door and window fixtures could also cause the ceiling finish material, such as wallpaper, to tear or create a step at the boundary between the upper frame and the ceiling material. Furthermore, aligning the height of the undersides of the upper frame and ceiling material, which are fixed to separate components, is not easy, which also creates the problem of complicated construction work.

[0006] The present invention was made in consideration of the above points, and its purpose is to provide an opening structure in which the door frame is constructed so that the height of the upper frame and the underside of the ceiling material are aligned, which is easy to construct and is less likely to cause tears or steps in the ceiling finishing material such as wallpaper at the boundary between the upper frame and the ceiling material. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, in this invention, a cover member having a plate portion configured so that when the upper surface of a ceiling material is abutted against the underside while fixed to the upper frame, the height of the abutted ceiling material and the underside of the upper frame are aligned, is fixed to the upper frame of the door frame before construction, and after construction of the door frame, the ceiling materials in front and behind the upper frame are fixed to the ceiling substructure with their upper surfaces abutting against the underside of the plate portion.

[0008] Specifically, the first invention is an opening structure in which a door frame, consisting of a pair of vertical frames and an upper frame connected laterally, is constructed so that the height of the lower surface of the upper frame and a ceiling material are aligned, and a cover member is fixed to the upper frame, and the cover member, when fixed to the upper frame, extends horizontally along the length of the upper frame at the front side of the upper frame, and when the upper surface of the ceiling material is abutted against the lower surface of the cover member, the height of the abutted ceiling material and the lower surface of the upper frame are aligned, and The ceiling material has a rear side panel portion extending in a direction perpendicular to the ceiling surface and configured so that when the upper surface of the ceiling material is abutted against its underside, the heights of the abutted ceiling material and the lower surface of the upper frame are aligned, and a connecting portion extending along the front, upper and rear surfaces of the upper frame and connecting the rear end of the front side panel portion to the front end of the rear side panel portion, wherein the ceiling material immediately before the upper frame is fixed to the ceiling substructure with its upper surface abutting against the underside of the front side panel portion, and the ceiling material immediately after the upper frame is fixed to the ceiling substructure with its upper surface abutting against the underside of the rear side panel portion.

[0009] In the first invention, a cover member is used that has front and rear plate portions configured so that when the upper surface of a ceiling material is abutted against the underside while the cover member is fixed to the upper frame, the height of the abutted ceiling material and the lower surface of the upper frame become aligned. Therefore, if the cover member is fixed to the upper frame and then the door frame is installed, when the ceiling material is installed in front of and behind the upper frame, the upper surface of the ceiling material can be easily installed in a position where the height of the lower surface is aligned with the lower surface of the upper frame simply by abutting the upper surface of the ceiling material against the underside of the front and rear plate portions of the cover member, respectively, and fixing it to the ceiling substrate, without the need for the complicated work of adjusting the installation position (height) of the ceiling material.

[0010] In addition, in the first invention, the ceiling materials in front and behind the upper frame are fixed to the ceiling substrate with their upper surfaces abutting against the undersides of the front and rear plates of the cover member. By installing the ceiling material in this manner, the ceiling materials immediately before and immediately after the upper frame are fixed to a ceiling substrate different from the material (such as a lintel) to which the upper frame is fixed, but are in vertical contact with the cover member fixed to the upper frame. Therefore, even if the upper frame sags over time, the front and rear plates of the cover member press down the ceiling materials immediately before and immediately after the upper frame by the height of the sagging upper frame, preventing misalignment of the upper frame and the ceiling material in the vertical direction. Furthermore, even if the upper frame vibrates due to the opening and closing of the door fixture, the ceiling materials in front and behind the upper frame also vibrate in conjunction with the upper frame, preventing misalignment of the upper frame and the ceiling material in the vertical direction even with repeated opening and closing of the door fixture. Therefore, even if the upper frame sags over time or the door and window fittings are repeatedly opened and closed, there is no risk of the ceiling finishing material such as wallpaper tearing or a step occurring at the boundary between the upper frame and the ceiling material.

[0011] As described above, according to the first invention, an opening structure in which the upper frame is buried in the ceiling can be configured to be easy to install and to be less likely to cause tears or steps in the ceiling finishing material such as wallpaper at the boundary between the upper frame and the ceiling material.

[0012] The second invention is characterized in that, in the first invention, the cover member is formed integrally with the front plate portion, the rear plate portion, and the connecting portion using a resin material.

[0013] According to the second aspect of the present invention, it is possible to easily form a cover member having a front plate portion, a rear plate portion, and a connecting portion.

[0014] The third invention is the first invention, wherein the front plate portion and the rear plate portion of the cover member are respectively formed with steps that lower the height of the lower surface of the base end portion on the connecting portion side in the front-to-rear direction by a predetermined height, and the cover member is configured such that when the upper surface of a first ceiling material of a first thickness is abutted against the lower surfaces of the tip ends of the front plate portion and the rear plate portion on the opposite side from the connecting portion in the front-to-rear direction from the steps, the heights of the abutted first ceiling material and the lower surface of the upper frame become equal, and when the upper surface of a second ceiling material of a second thickness that is thinner than the first thickness by the predetermined height is abutted against the lower surfaces of the base ends of the front plate portion and the rear plate portion, the heights of the abutted second ceiling material and the lower surface of the upper frame become equal, and the ceiling material is The first ceiling material or the second ceiling material is characterized in that, when the ceiling material is the first ceiling material, the first ceiling material immediately before the upper frame is fixed to the ceiling substructure with its upper surface abutting against the underside of the front side panel portion more forward than the step, and the first ceiling material immediately after the upper frame is fixed to the ceiling substructure with its upper surface abutting against the underside of the rear side panel portion more rear than the step, and when the ceiling material is the second ceiling material, the second ceiling material immediately before the upper frame is fixed to the ceiling substructure with its upper surface abutting against the underside of the front side panel portion more rear than the step, and the second ceiling material immediately after the upper frame is fixed to the ceiling substructure with its upper surface abutting against the underside of the front side panel portion more forward than the step.

[0015] In the third invention, a cover member is used that has front and rear plate portions configured so that when the upper surface of a ceiling material is abutted against its underside while fixed to the upper frame, the heights of the abutted ceiling material and the underside of the upper frame are aligned, and the front and rear plate portions have steps formed in them that lower the height of the underside of the base end by a predetermined height. Therefore, when the cover member is fixed to the upper frame and then the door frame is installed, whether the ceiling material is a first ceiling material with a first thickness or a second ceiling material with a second thickness that is thinner than the first thickness by a predetermined height, when the ceiling materials are installed in front of and behind the upper frame, simply by abutting the upper surface of the ceiling material against the undersides of the front and rear plate portions of the cover member, respectively, the height of the underside of the ceiling material will be aligned with the height of the underside of the upper frame. Specifically, when a first ceiling material having a first thickness is used as the ceiling material, the height of the lower surface of the first ceiling material is aligned with the height of the lower surface of the upper frame simply by abutting the upper surface of the first ceiling material against the lower surfaces of the front and rear plate portions of the cover member, respectively, on the tip side of the step (the front side for the front plate portion, and the rear side for the rear plate portion). Furthermore, when a second ceiling material having a second thickness that is thinner than the first thickness by a predetermined height is used as the ceiling material, the height of the lower surface of the second ceiling material is aligned with the height of the lower surface of the upper frame simply by abutting the upper surface of the second ceiling material against the lower surfaces of the base ends of the front and rear plate portions of the cover member, respectively (the rear end for the front plate portion, and the front end for the rear plate portion). Therefore, according to the third invention, regardless of whether the first or second ceiling material having different thicknesses is used as the ceiling material, the ceiling material can be easily installed in a position where its lower surface is aligned with the lower surface of the upper frame, without the need for the complicated task of adjusting the installation position (height) of the ceiling material.

[0016] Furthermore, in the third invention, whether first or second ceiling materials of different thicknesses are used as the ceiling material, the ceiling materials in front and behind the upper frame are fixed to the ceiling substrate with their upper surfaces abutting the undersides of the front and rear plates of the cover member. Therefore, whether first or second ceiling materials of different thicknesses are used as the ceiling material, when the upper frame sags due to aging, the front and rear plates of the cover member press down the ceiling materials just before and just after the upper frame by the height of the sagging upper frame, preventing misalignment of the upper frame and the ceiling material in the vertical direction. Furthermore, even if the upper frame vibrates due to the opening and closing of the door fixture, the ceiling materials in front and behind the upper frame also vibrate in conjunction with the upper frame, so whether first or second ceiling materials of different thicknesses are used as the ceiling material, the vertical positions of the ceiling material and the upper frame will not be misaligned due to repeated opening and closing of the door fixture. Therefore, according to the third invention, whether the first or second ceiling material having different thicknesses is used as the ceiling material, even if the upper frame sags over time or the door and window fittings are opened and closed repeatedly, there is no risk of the ceiling finishing material such as wallpaper tearing or a step occurring at the boundary between the upper frame and the ceiling material.

[0017] As described above, according to the third invention, an opening structure in which the upper frame is embedded in the ceiling can be configured in such a way that construction is easy and ceiling finishing materials such as wallpaper are less likely to tear or have steps at the boundary between the upper frame and the ceiling material, regardless of whether the first or second ceiling material of different thickness is used as the ceiling material.

[0018] A fourth aspect of the present invention is a cover member according to any one of the first to third aspects of the present invention.

[0019] By using the cover member of the fourth invention, the installation position (height) of the ceiling material can be easily adjusted in an opening structure where the upper frame is embedded in the ceiling, thereby facilitating the installation of the ceiling material. [Effects of the Invention]

[0020] As explained above, according to the present invention, a cover member having a plate portion configured so that when the upper surface of a ceiling material is abutted against the underside while fixed to the upper frame, the height of the abutted ceiling material and the underside of the upper frame are aligned is fixed to the upper frame of the door frame before construction, and after construction of the door frame, the ceiling materials in front and behind the upper frame are fixed to the ceiling substructure with their upper surfaces abutting against the underside of the plate portion.This makes it possible to construct an opening structure in which the upper frame is embedded in the ceiling easily and in a configuration that is less likely to cause tears or steps in the ceiling finishing material such as wallpaper at the boundary between the upper frame and the ceiling material. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0021] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a front view of the opening structure according to the first embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the aperture structure of FIG. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the aperture structure of FIG. [Figure 4] 4 is a perspective view showing the positional relationship between the upper frame and the ceiling material of the opening structure of FIG. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a view equivalent to FIG. 4 of the opening structure according to the second embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0022] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description of the embodiments is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present invention, its applications, or its uses.

[0023] First Embodiment of the Invention Fig. 1 is a front view of an opening structure 1 in which a door frame 10 and a fitting 50 are installed in an opening O inside a room, Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the opening structure 1, and Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the opening structure 1. For ease of explanation, the left side, right side, upper side, and lower side of Fig. 1 will be referred to as "left," "right," "upper," and "lower," respectively. Furthermore, the near side in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper in Fig. 1 will be referred to as "front," and the far side will be referred to as "rear."

[0024] (Opening configuration) As shown in Figures 1 to 3, wall W is a large-wall structure wall, and is constructed by fixing multiple wall underlayment materials 3,...,3 to both the front and rear of columns (including partitions) 2,...,2. Ceiling C is a suspended ceiling, and is constructed by fixing multiple joists 6,...,6 below multiple joist supports 5,...,5 fixed to multiple hanging beams 4,...,4 so that they are perpendicular to the multiple joist supports 5,...,5, and by fixing multiple ceiling materials (such as gypsum boards) 7,...,7 to the lower ends of the multiple joists 6,...,6. The multiple joist supports 5,...,5 and the multiple joists 6,...,6 form a lattice-like ceiling underlayment.

[0025] The opening O is defined by two pillars 2, 2 in the wall W, horizontal members such as lintels 8, 8 that span the two pillars 2, 2, and a floor surface Fs, and is formed into a rectangular shape. A door frame 10 is installed in the opening O so that its upper frame 12 is embedded in the ceiling C. As will be described in detail later, the door frame 10 is installed so that the height of the upper frame 12 and the underside of the ceiling material 7 are aligned, and a ceiling finishing material 9, such as wallpaper, attached to the underside of the ceiling material 7 is extended and attached to the underside of the upper frame 12. Therefore, the upper end of the opening defined inside the door frame 10 is defined by the ceiling surface Cs (the underside of the ceiling finishing material 9, such as wallpaper), which is the decorative surface of the ceiling C, and the lower end of the opening is defined by the floor surface Fs, which is the decorative surface of the floor F. In other words, the opening defined inside the door frame 10 is formed to extend from the floor surface Fs to the ceiling surface Cs.

[0026] (Door frame configuration) The door frame 10 is a three-sided frame with no bottom frame, and includes a pair of vertical frames 11, 11 and a top frame 12. The door frame 10 is fixed to two pillars 2, 2 that define the opening O and a lintel 8 that spans the two pillars 2, 2. Specifically, the pair of vertical frames 11, 11 are fixed to the corresponding pillars 2, 2, and the top frame 12 is fixed to the lintel 8. In this embodiment 1, the vertical frames 11 and top frames 12 of the door frame 10 are attached to the pillars 2 and the lintel 8, respectively, via spacers. The spacers are made of long wooden boards with a thickness of 10 to 20 mm. In this embodiment 1, a door stop 13 is attached to the inner surface of each frame member (the vertical frames 11 and the top frame 12) of the door frame 10. The door stop 13 is fixed with an adhesive or the like, with its legs inserted into grooves formed on the inner surface of each frame member of the door frame 10.

[0027] As shown in FIG. 2 , a pair of vertical frames 11, 11 are formed so that their cross-sectional shapes are symmetrical. The vertical frame 11 is a long, vertically extending wooden board made of a wood material such as wood, plywood, medium-density fiberboard, particle board, or laminated wood. In this embodiment, the vertical frame 11 has a rectangular cross-section. The vertical frame 11 may also be made of resin or steel. The vertical frame 11 has a front-to-back width (projected dimension) greater than the thickness of the wall W, and a vertical length equal to the distance between the floor surface Fs and the ceiling surface Cs. The vertical frame 11 is positioned so that its outer surface abuts against the inner surface of a spacer fixed to the inner surface of the pillar 2. The vertical frame 11 is fixed to the pillar 2 via the spacer with adhesive and nails, pin nails, screws, or other nail-like members. The nail-like members are driven toward the bottom of the groove into which the legs of the door stop 13 are inserted, and are therefore hidden by the door stop 13.

[0028] As shown in FIG. 3 , the top frame 12 is a long wooden board member extending in the left-right direction and made of a wood material such as wood, plywood, medium-density fiberboard, particle board, or laminated wood. In this embodiment, the top frame 12 has a rectangular cross section. Like the vertical frames 11, the top frame 12 may be made of resin or steel. The top frame 12 has a front-to-back width (projected dimension) equal to the front-to-back width of the vertical frames 11, and its left-to-right length is the distance between the outer surfaces of a pair of vertical frames 11. The top frame 12 is positioned so that its upper surface abuts against the lower surface of a spacer fixed to the underside of the lintel 8. The top frame 12 is fixed to the lintel 8 via the spacer with adhesive and nails, pin nails, screws, or other nail-like members. The nail-like members are driven toward the bottom of the groove into which the legs of the door stop 13 are inserted, and are therefore hidden by the door stop 13.

[0029] The pair of vertical frames 11, 11 and the top frame 12 are framed horizontally. Specifically, the door frame 10 is constructed by driving nail-like members such as screws into both the vertical frames 11 and the top frame 12 with the upper end faces (upper end faces) of the pair of vertical frames 11, 11 abutting the undersides of the left and right ends of the top frame 12.

[0030] (Configuration of fittings) In the first embodiment, the fitting 50 is configured as a hinged door, and is attached to the vertical frame 11 on the trailing edge of the door frame 10 by upper and lower hinges 51, 51 so as to be able to swing. The fitting 50 is attached with a lever 52 for opening and closing.

[0031] - Door frame construction structure - In the opening structure 1 of this embodiment 1, the cover member 20 is used to install the door frame 10 and the ceiling material 7 so that the heights of the upper frame 12 and the underside of the ceiling material 7 are aligned. In this embodiment 1, by using the cover member 20 in this way, the installation of the door frame 10 and the ceiling material 7 is facilitated, and the opening structure 1 is configured so that tears or steps are unlikely to occur in the ceiling finishing material 9 at the boundary between the upper frame 12 and the ceiling material 7 even if the upper frame 12 sags due to aging or the door fitting 50 is opened and closed repeatedly.

[0032] As shown in Fig. 4, the cover member 20 is fixed to the upper frame 12. Specifically, the cover member 20 includes a front plate portion 21, a rear plate portion 22, and a connecting portion 23. The front plate portion 21 and the rear plate portion 22 are rectangular flat plate portions extending horizontally, and the connecting portion 23 is a portion with a U-shaped cross section that connects the rear end of the front plate portion 21 and the front end of the rear plate portion 22. In the first embodiment, the cover member 20 is made of a resin material, and the front plate portion 21, the rear plate portion 22, and the connecting portion 23 are integrally formed.

[0033] Specifically, when the cover member 20 is fixed to the upper frame 12, the front side plate portion 21 is a plate-like portion that is rectangular in plan view and extends horizontally (front-to-back and left-to-right directions) on the front side of the upper frame 12 along the length direction (left-to-right direction) of the upper frame 12. As will be described in detail later, when the ceiling material 7 is installed after the door frame 10 is installed, the front side plate portion 21 serves as a positioning member that determines the height position of the ceiling material 7 so that the heights of the ceiling material 7 and the lower surface of the upper frame 12 are aligned by abutting the upper surface of the rear end of the ceiling material 7 installed in front of the upper frame 12 against the underside of the front side plate portion 21. For this reason, the front side plate portion 21 preferably has a length in the front-to-back direction of 10 mm or more and 20 mm or less, and in the first embodiment, the length in the front-to-back direction is formed to be 20 mm.

[0034] The rear side plate portion 22 is a plate-like portion that is rectangular in plan view and extends horizontally (i.e., left-right) along the length of the upper frame 12 at the rear side of the upper frame 12 when the cover member 20 is fixed to the upper frame 12. As will be described in detail later, the rear side plate portion 22 serves as a positioning member that determines the height position of the ceiling material 7 so that the heights of the ceiling material 7 and the lower surfaces of the upper frame 12 are aligned by abutting the upper surface of the front end of the ceiling material 7 installed behind the upper frame 12 with the lower surface of the rear side plate portion 22 when the ceiling material 7 is installed after the door frame 10 has been installed. For this reason, the rear side plate portion 22 preferably has a length in the front-to-rear direction of 10 mm to 20 mm, and in the first embodiment, the length in the front-to-rear direction is formed to be 20 mm.

[0035] When the cover member 20 is fixed to the upper frame 12, the connecting portion 23 has a front surface portion 23a extending along the front surface of the upper frame 12, an upper surface portion 23b extending along the upper surface of the upper frame 12, and a rear surface portion 23c extending along the rear surface of the upper frame 12. The front end of the upper surface portion 23b is continuous with the upper end of the front surface portion 23a, and the upper end of the rear surface portion 23c is continuous with the rear end of the upper surface portion 23b, so that the connecting portion 23 has a U-shaped cross section. The rear end of the front side plate portion 21 is continuous with the lower end of the rear surface portion 23c of the connecting portion 23. The vertical lengths of the front portion 23a and rear portion 23c of the connecting portion 23 are set according to the height of the upper frame 12 and the thickness of the ceiling material 7 so that when the cover member 20 is fixed to the upper frame 12, the front side plate portion 21 and the rear side plate portion 22 are positioned at a height that serves as the above-mentioned positioning member (the lower surfaces of the front side plate portion 21 and the rear side plate portion 22 are higher than the lower surface of the upper frame 12 by the thickness of the ceiling material 7).

[0036] The door frame 10 is installed in the opening O with the cover member 20 configured in this manner fixed to the upper frame 12. The ceiling material 7 immediately before the upper frame 12 is fixed to the joist 6 (ceiling substrate) with screws or the like, with its upper surface abutting the underside of the rear end of the front plate portion 21 of the cover member 20. The ceiling material 7 immediately after the upper frame 12 is fixed to the joist 6 (ceiling substrate) with screws or the like, with its upper surface abutting the underside of the front end of the rear plate portion 22 of the cover member 20. The ceiling materials 7 installed immediately before and after the upper frame 12 have their undersides aligned at the same height as the upper frame 12. A ceiling finishing material 9, such as wallpaper, attached to the underside of the ceiling material 7 extends to the underside of the upper frame 12 and is also attached to the underside of the upper frame 12. In this way, the underside of the upper frame 12 is covered integrally with the underside of the ceiling material 7 by the ceiling finishing material 9, so that the boundaries between the upper frame 12 and the ceiling materials 7 immediately before and after it are covered by the ceiling finishing material 9 and become invisible.

[0037] -Opening structure construction method- Next, a description will be given of a construction method (door frame 10, fitting 50, and ceiling material 7) for the opening structure 1. As described above, in the first embodiment, the door frame 10 and the ceiling material 7 are constructed using the cover member 20.

[0038] First, the door frame 10 is constructed by framing the components of the door frame 10 (in this embodiment 1, a pair of vertical frames 11, 11 and an upper frame 12). Specifically, first, the door frame 10 is constructed by horizontally connecting (framing) the upper frame 12 to the upper ends of the pair of vertical frames 11, 11 outside the opening O. A cover member 20 is fixed to the upper frame 12 of the framed door frame 10. The cover member 20 is placed over the upper frame 12 so that the front surface 23a of the connecting portion 23 abuts against the front surface of the upper frame 12, the upper surface 23b abuts against the upper surface of the upper frame 12, and the rear surface 23c abuts against the rear surface of the upper frame 12, and is fixed with screws or the like to prevent misalignment.

[0039] After the cover member 20 is fixed to the upper frame 12, the door frame 10 is installed in the opening O. Specifically, spacers are inserted between the left and right vertical frames 11, 11 and the left and right pillars 2, 2, and screws are driven from the inner surface side (opening side) of each vertical frame 11 toward the pillar 2, thereby fixing each vertical frame 11 to the pillar 2. In addition, a spacer is inserted between the cover member 20 fixed to the upper frame 12 and the lintel 8, and screws are driven from the underside side (opening side) of the upper frame 12 toward the lintel 8, thereby fixing the upper frame 12 to the lintel 8.

[0040] After the door frame 10 is installed, the ceiling material 7 is installed. By using the front plate portion 21 and the rear plate portion 22 of the cover member 20 as positioning members, the ceiling material 7 is installed just before and just after the upper frame 12 so that the height of the lower surface is aligned with (the same height as) the height of the lower surface of the upper frame 12.

[0041] Specifically, when installing the ceiling material 7 immediately before the upper frame 12, the upper surface of the ceiling material 7 is abutted against the underside of the front panel portion 21 of the upper frame 12, and screws or the like are driven from below the ceiling material 7 toward the joist 6 to fix the ceiling material 7 to the joist 6. As a result, the ceiling material 7 is installed in front of the upper frame 12 at a height where the height of its underside is aligned with the height of the underside of the upper frame 12. In this embodiment 1, the ceiling material 7 immediately before the upper frame 12 is installed with its rear end surface (end grain surface) abutting against the front surface of the upper frame 12.

[0042] When installing the ceiling material 7 immediately after the upper frame 12, the upper surface of the ceiling material 7 is abutted against the underside of the rear panel portion 22 of the upper frame 12, and screws or the like are driven from below the ceiling material 7 toward the joist 6 to fix the ceiling material 7 to the joist 6. As a result, the ceiling material 7 is installed at a height behind the upper frame 12 such that the height of its underside is aligned with the height of the underside of the upper frame 12. In this embodiment 1, the ceiling material 7 immediately after the upper frame 12 is installed with its front end face (end grain face) abutting against the rear face of the upper frame 12.

[0043] After the ceiling material 7 is installed, a ceiling finishing material 9 such as wallpaper is attached to the underside of the ceiling material 7. At this time, the ceiling finishing materials 9 attached to the ceiling materials 7 immediately before and immediately after the upper frame 12 are extended rearward and forward to the grooves into which the door stops 13 fit, and are attached to the underside of the ceiling material 7 and the underside of the upper frame 12 so as to integrally cover the undersides of the ceiling material 7 and the upper frame 12. As a result, the boundaries between the upper frame 12 and the immediately before and immediately after the ceiling materials 7 are covered by the ceiling finishing material 9 and become invisible.

[0044] After the door frame 10 is installed, the fitting 50 is attached to hinges 51, 51 attached to the top and bottom of the vertical frame 11 on the door end side of the door frame 10. As a result, the fitting 50 is attached to the vertical frame 11 on the door end side so that it can swing horizontally, and by swinging the fitting 50, the opening defined inside the door frame 10 is opened and closed. The fitting 50 may be installed either before or after the ceiling material 7 is installed.

[0045] By constructing the door frame 10, the fitting 50, and the ceiling material 7 in the manner described above, the opening structure O is constructed.

[0046] -Effects of the first embodiment- In the first embodiment, a cover member 20 is used that has a front plate portion 21 and a rear plate portion 22 that are configured so that when the upper surface of the ceiling material 7 is abutted against the underside while the cover member 20 is fixed to the upper frame 12, the heights of the abutted ceiling material 7 and the underside of the upper frame 12 become aligned. Therefore, if the door frame 10 is installed after the cover member 20 is fixed to the upper frame 12, when the ceiling material 7 is installed in front of and behind the upper frame 12, the upper surface of the ceiling material 7 can be easily installed in a position where the height of the underside is aligned with that of the underside of the upper frame 12 simply by abutting the upper surface of the ceiling material 7 against the undersides of the front plate portion 21 and the rear plate portion 22 of the cover member 20, respectively, and fixing it to the ceiling substrate, without the need for the complicated work of adjusting the installation position (height) of the ceiling material 7.

[0047] Furthermore, in this embodiment 1, the ceiling materials 7 in front and behind the upper frame 12 are fixed to the ceiling substrate (the joist 6 in this embodiment 1) with their upper surfaces abutting against the undersides of the front plate portion 21 and rear plate portion 22 of the cover member 20. By installing the ceiling material 7 in this manner, the ceiling materials 7 immediately before and immediately after the upper frame 12 are fixed to a ceiling substrate different from the member (lintel 8, etc.) to which the upper frame 12 is fixed, but are in vertical abutment with the cover member 20 fixed to the upper frame 12. Therefore, even if the upper frame 12 sags due to aging, the front plate portion 21 and rear plate portion 22 of the cover member 20 press down the ceiling materials 7 immediately before and immediately after the upper frame 12 by the height to which the upper frame 12 sags, so that the vertical positions of the upper frame 12 and the ceiling material 7 do not shift. Furthermore, even if the upper frame 12 vibrates due to the opening and closing of the fitting 50, the ceiling materials 7 in front and behind the upper frame 12 also vibrate in conjunction with the upper frame 12, so even if the fitting 50 is repeatedly opened and closed, the positions of the upper frame 12 and the ceiling material 7 in the height direction will not shift. Therefore, even if the upper frame 12 sags due to aging or the fitting 50 is repeatedly opened and closed, there is no risk of the ceiling finishing material 9, such as wallpaper, tearing or a step occurring at the boundary between the upper frame 12 and the ceiling material 7.

[0048] As described above, according to this embodiment 1, the opening structure 1 in which the upper frame 12 is embedded in the ceiling C can be configured to be easy to install and to be less likely to cause tears or steps in the ceiling finishing material 9 such as wallpaper at the boundary between the upper frame 12 and the ceiling material 7.

[0049] In the first embodiment, the cover member 20 is configured by integrally forming the front plate portion 21, the rear plate portion 22, and the connecting portion 23 from a resin material. With this configuration, the cover member 20 having the front plate portion 21, the rear plate portion 22, and the connecting portion 23 can be easily formed.

[0050] In addition, in this embodiment 1, by using the cover member 20 configured as described above, the installation position (height) of the ceiling material 7 can be easily adjusted in an opening structure 1 in which the upper frame 12 is embedded in the ceiling C, thereby facilitating the installation of the ceiling material 7.

[0051] Second Embodiment of the Invention As shown in Fig. 5, in the opening structure 1 of the second embodiment, the configuration of the cover member 20 is partially changed. In the second embodiment, one type of cover member 20 is configured to be compatible with two types of ceiling materials 7 having different thicknesses.

[0052] Specifically, as shown in Fig. 5, in the second embodiment, a step s is formed in the front plate 21 and the rear plate 22 of the cover member 20, which lowers the height of the lower surfaces of the base ends 21a, 22a on the connecting portion 23 side by a predetermined height h. In the second embodiment, the step s is formed by making the base ends 21a, 22a of the front plate 21 and the rear plate 22 thicker than the other portions, so that the lower surfaces are lowered by one step. Note that the method of forming the step s is not limited to changing the thickness. Instead, the thickness of the base ends 21a, 22a of the front plate 21 and the rear plate 22 may be left unchanged, and the height of the lower surfaces of the base ends 21a, 22a may be lowered by the predetermined height h by bending the plate-like base ends 21a, 22a twice at a right angle.

[0053] Moreover, in embodiment 2, two types of ceiling materials 7 with different thicknesses can be used. Specifically, in embodiment 2, a first ceiling material 7A with a first thickness t1 (e.g., 12 mm) and a second ceiling material 7B with a second thickness t2 (e.g., 9 mm) that is thinner than the first thickness t1 by a predetermined height h (e.g., 3 mm) can be used as the ceiling material 7.

[0054] Other configurations of the opening structure 1 are the same as those in embodiment 1, and therefore explanations will be omitted. Below, the construction method for constructing the first ceiling material 7A and the construction method for constructing the second ceiling material 7B will be explained. Note that the construction methods for components other than the ceiling material 7, i.e., the door frame 10 and the fittings 50, are the same as those in embodiment 1, and therefore explanations will be omitted.

[0055] (Installation method for the first ceiling material) When installing the first ceiling material 7A of the first thickness t1, the tip side (front side for the front plate portion 21, rear side for the rear plate portion 22) of the step s of the front side panel portion 21 and the rear side panel portion 22 of the cover member 20 is used as a positioning member, and the first ceiling material 7A immediately before and immediately after the upper frame 12 is installed so that the height of the underside is aligned (the same height) with the height of the underside of the upper frame 12.

[0056] Specifically, when constructing the first ceiling material 7A immediately before the upper frame 12, the upper surface of the first ceiling material 7A is brought into contact with the underside of the front side panel 21 of the upper frame 12, further forward than the step s, and screws or the like are driven from below the first ceiling material 7A toward the joist 6 to fix the first ceiling material 7A to the joist 6. As a result, the first ceiling material 7A is constructed in front of the upper frame 12 at a height where the height of its underside is aligned with the height of the underside of the upper frame 12.

[0057] Furthermore, when constructing the first ceiling material 7A immediately after the upper frame 12, the upper surface of the first ceiling material 7A is brought into contact with the underside of the rear side panel 22 of the upper frame 12, behind the step s, and screws or the like are driven from below the first ceiling material 7A toward the joist 6 to fix the first ceiling material 7A to the joist 6. As a result, the first ceiling material 7A is constructed at a height behind the upper frame 12 such that the height of its underside is aligned with the height of the underside of the upper frame 12.

[0058] (Second ceiling material installation method) When installing the second ceiling material 7B having the second thickness t2, the base ends 21a, 22a on the connecting portion 23 side of the step s between the front side plate portion 21 and the rear side plate portion 22 of the cover member 20 are used as positioning members, and the second ceiling material 7B immediately before and after the upper frame 12 is installed so that the height of its lower surface is aligned (the same height) with the height of the lower surface of the upper frame 12.

[0059] Specifically, when constructing the second ceiling material 7B immediately before the upper frame 12, the upper surface of the second ceiling material 7B is brought into contact with the underside of the base end 21a (the part behind the step s) of the front side panel 21 of the upper frame 12, and screws or the like are driven from below the second ceiling material 7B toward the joist 6 to fix the second ceiling material 7B to the joist 6. As a result, the second ceiling material 7B is constructed in front of the upper frame 12 at a height where the height of its underside is aligned with the height of the underside of the upper frame 12.

[0060] Furthermore, when constructing the second ceiling material 7B immediately after the upper frame 12, the upper surface of the second ceiling material 7B is brought into contact with the underside of the base end 22a (the portion forward of the step s) of the rear side panel 22 of the upper frame 12, and screws or the like are driven from below the second ceiling material 7B toward the joist 6 to fix the second ceiling material 7B to the joist 6. As a result, the second ceiling material 7B is constructed at a height behind the upper frame 12 such that the height of its underside is aligned with the height of the underside of the upper frame 12.

[0061] -Effects of the second embodiment- In the second embodiment, a cover member 20 is used that has a front plate portion 21 and a rear plate portion 22 configured so that when the upper surface of a ceiling material 7 is abutted against the underside of the cover member 20 fixed to the upper frame 12, the heights of the lower surfaces of the abutted ceiling material 7 and the upper frame 12 are aligned, and the front plate portion 21 and the rear plate portion 22 have a step s formed therein that lowers the height of the lower surfaces of the base ends 21 a, 22 a by a predetermined height h. Therefore, when the door frame 10 is installed after the cover member 20 is fixed to the upper frame 12, whether the first ceiling material 7A having a first thickness or the second ceiling material 7B having a second thickness t2 that is thinner than the first thickness t1 by the predetermined height h is used as the ceiling material 7, simply by abutting the upper surface of the ceiling material 7 against the lower surfaces of the front plate portion 21 and the rear plate portion 22 of the cover member 20, respectively, the height of the lower surface of the ceiling material 7 is aligned with the height of the lower surface of the upper frame 12. Specifically, when a first ceiling material 7A having a first thickness t1 is used as the ceiling material 7, simply by abutting the upper surface of the first ceiling material 7A against the lower surfaces of the front plate portion 21 and the rear plate portion 22 of the cover member 20 on the tip side of the step s (the front side of the front plate portion 21, and the rear side of the rear plate portion 22), the height of the lower surface of the first ceiling material 7A will be aligned with the height of the lower surface of the upper frame 12. Furthermore, when a second ceiling material 7B having a second thickness t2 that is thinner than the first thickness t1 by a predetermined height h is used as the ceiling material 7, simply by abutting the upper surface of the second ceiling material 7B against the lower surfaces of the base ends 21a, 22a of the front plate portion 21 and the rear plate portion 22 of the cover member 20 (the rear end portion 21a of the front plate portion 21, and the front end portion 22a of the rear plate portion 22), the height of the lower surface of the second ceiling material 7B will be aligned with the height of the lower surface of the upper frame 12. Therefore, according to this embodiment 2, regardless of whether the first or second ceiling material 7A, 7B having different thicknesses is used as the ceiling material 7, the ceiling material 7 can be easily installed in a position where its underside is aligned in height with the underside of the upper frame 12 without the need for the complicated work of adjusting the installation position (height) of the ceiling material 7.

[0062] Furthermore, in the second embodiment, whether the first or second ceiling materials 7A, 7B having different thicknesses are used as the ceiling material 7, the ceiling materials 7 in front of and behind the upper frame 12 are fixed to the ceiling substrate with their upper surfaces abutting against the undersides of the front plate portion 21 and rear plate portion 22 of the cover member 20. Therefore, whether the first or second ceiling materials 7A, 7B having different thicknesses are used as the ceiling material 7, when the upper frame 12 sags due to aging, the front plate portion 21 and rear plate portion 22 of the cover member 20 press down the ceiling materials 7 immediately before and immediately after the upper frame 12 by the height to which the upper frame 12 sags, so that the positions of the upper frame 12 and the ceiling material 7 in the height direction do not shift. Furthermore, even if the upper frame 12 vibrates due to the opening and closing operation of the door fitting 50, the ceiling materials 7 in front of and behind the upper frame 12 also vibrate in conjunction with the upper frame 12, so whether first or second ceiling materials 7A, 7B of different thicknesses are used as the ceiling material 7, the vertical positions of the ceiling material 7 and the upper frame 12 will not shift due to repeated opening and closing operations of the door fitting 50. Therefore, according to the second embodiment, whether first or second ceiling materials 7A, 7B of different thicknesses are used as the ceiling material 7, there is no risk of the ceiling finishing material 9, such as wallpaper, tearing or a step occurring at the boundary between the upper frame 12 and the ceiling material 7, even if the upper frame 12 sags due to aging or the door fitting 50 is opened and closed repeatedly.

[0063] As described above, according to embodiment 2, an opening structure 1 in which the upper frame 12 is embedded in the ceiling C can be configured to be easy to install and to be less likely to cause tears or steps in the ceiling finishing material 9 such as wallpaper at the boundary between the upper frame 12 and the ceiling material 7, regardless of whether the first or second ceiling material 7A, 7B of different thicknesses is used as the ceiling material 7.

[0064] Furthermore, according to the second embodiment, by using the cover member 20 configured as described above, it is possible to easily install two types of ceiling materials 7 having different thicknesses with one type of cover member 20 so that the height of the lower surface is aligned with the height of the lower surface of the upper frame 12. Therefore, according to the second embodiment, by simply using the cover member 20, it is possible to easily install the opening structure 1 in which the upper frame 12 is embedded in the ceiling C, regardless of whether the first or second ceiling material 7A, 7B having different thicknesses is used as the ceiling material 7.

[0065] Other Embodiments In the above embodiments 1 and 2, the door frame 10 is configured as a three-sided frame, but the door frame 10 may be any frame that has a pair of vertical frames 11, 11 and an upper frame 12, or may be a four-sided frame with a lower frame.

[0066] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned embodiments 1 and 2, the front surface 23a, the top surface 23b and the rear surface 23c of the connecting portion 23 of the cover member 20 were formed in a flat plate shape, but the connecting portion 23 is not limited to the above configuration as long as it can connect the front side plate portion 21 and the rear side plate portion 22.

[0067] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned first and second embodiments, the fitting 50 is configured as a hinged door, but the fitting 50 may also be a sliding door or a hanging door. Furthermore, the door frame 10 may also include a mullion or the like in addition to the pair of vertical frames 11, 11 and the top frame 12. In this case, the mullion is also connected to the top frame 12 horizontally, just like the vertical frames 11. [Industrial Applicability]

[0068] The present invention is useful for an opening structure in which a door frame is installed so that the height of the upper frame and the lower surface of the ceiling material are aligned, and for a cover member for the upper frame used in an opening structure. [Explanation of symbols]

[0069] 1 Opening structure 6. Ceiling base 7 Ceiling materials 7A 1st ceiling material 7B Second ceiling material 10 Door Frame 11 Vertical frame 12 Upper frame 20 Cover member 21 Front side plate 21a Posterior end (base end) 22 Rear plate part 22a Anterior end (base end) 23 Connecting part

Claims

1. An opening structure in which a door frame, consisting of a pair of vertical frames and an upper frame connected horizontally, is installed at an opening in a room so that the height of the upper frame and the lower surface of the ceiling material are aligned, A cover member is fixed to the upper frame, When the cover member is fixed to the upper frame, a front side plate portion extending horizontally along the length of the upper frame at the front side of the upper frame, and configured so that when the upper surface of the ceiling material is abutted against the lower surface thereof, the height of the abutted ceiling material and the lower surface of the upper frame are aligned; a rear side plate portion extending horizontally along the length of the upper frame at the rear side of the upper frame, and configured so that when the upper surface of the ceiling material is abutted against the lower surface thereof, the heights of the abutted ceiling material and the lower surface of the upper frame are aligned; a connecting portion extending along the front surface, the top surface, and the rear surface of the upper frame and connecting the rear end of the front side plate portion and the front end of the rear side plate portion, The ceiling material immediately before the upper frame is fixed to the ceiling substrate with its upper surface abutting against the lower surface of the front side plate portion, The ceiling material immediately behind the upper frame is fixed to the ceiling substrate with its upper surface in contact with the lower surface of the rear side plate portion. An opening structure characterized by:

2. The opening structure according to claim 1, The cover member is made of a resin material and has the front plate portion, the rear plate portion, and the connecting portion integrally formed therewith. An opening structure characterized by:

3. The opening structure according to claim 1, a step that lowers the height of a lower surface of a base end portion on the connecting portion side in the front-rear direction by a predetermined height is formed on each of the front plate portion and the rear plate portion of the cover member, When the cover member is fixed to the upper frame, When the upper surface of a first ceiling material having a first thickness is brought into contact with the lower surfaces of the leading ends of the front and rear plate portions on the opposite side from the connecting portion in the front-to-rear direction from the step, the height of the abutting first ceiling material and the lower surface of the upper frame are aligned, When the upper surface of a second ceiling material having a second thickness that is thinner than the first thickness by the predetermined height is brought into contact with the lower surfaces of the base ends of the front side plate portion and the rear side plate portion, the height of the abutting second ceiling material and the lower surface of the upper frame become aligned, The ceiling material is the first ceiling material or the second ceiling material, When the ceiling material is the first ceiling material, The first ceiling material immediately before the upper frame is fixed to the ceiling substrate with its upper surface abutting against the lower surface of the front side plate portion forward of the step, The first ceiling material immediately behind the upper frame is fixed to the ceiling substrate with its upper surface abutting against a lower surface of the rear side plate portion that is rearward of the step, When the ceiling material is the second ceiling material, The second ceiling material immediately before the upper frame is fixed to the ceiling substrate with its upper surface abutting against the lower surface of the front side plate portion rearward of the step, The second ceiling material immediately behind the upper frame is fixed to the ceiling substrate with its upper surface abutting against the lower surface of the rear plate portion forward of the step. An opening structure characterized by:

4. The cover member according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

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