Communication apparatus, reader apparatus, wireless communication system, and wireless communication method

Abstract

To provide a communication apparatus, a reader apparatus, a wireless communication system, and a wireless communication method that can appropriately realize SON in Ambient IoT.SOLUTION: A communication apparatus includes a control unit that controls communication with a reader apparatus using a lower layer, and a transmission unit that transmits a failure report of at least one of random access or a wireless link, and the control unit records information regarding the failure in response to detecting the failure, and the information regarding the failure includes at least information regarding communication using the lower layer.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a communication device, a reader device, a wireless communication system, and a wireless communication method that support Ambient IoT. [Background technology]

[0002] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP: registered trademark) is developing specifications for the 5th generation mobile communication system (also known as 5G, New Radio (NR), or Next Generation (NG)). 3GPP is also developing specifications for the next generation, known as Beyond 5G, 5G Evolution, or 6G.

[0003] Furthermore, in 3GPP Release-19, in order to support IoT (Internet of Things), technology (Ambient IoT) related to communication devices (hereinafter referred to as A-IoT devices) having a simpler configuration than that of a UE is being considered (for example, Non-Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] 3GPP TR38.848 V18.0.0, September 2023 Summary of the Invention

[0005] As a result of intensive research, the inventors have found that in Ambient IoT, it is necessary for a network to collect necessary information from the perspective of a Self-Organizing Network (SON).

[0006] Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a communication device, a reader device, a wireless communication system, and a wireless communication method that can appropriately realize SON in Ambient IoT.

[0007] The disclosed aspect is a communication device comprising a control unit that controls communication using a reader device and a lower layer, and a transmission unit that transmits a failure report of at least one of random access or a wireless link, wherein the control unit records information related to the failure in response to detection of the failure, and the information related to the failure includes at least information related to communication using the lower layer.

[0008] The disclosed aspect is a reader device comprising a communication device, a control unit that controls communication using a lower layer, and a transmission unit that transmits a failure report of at least one of random access or a wireless link, wherein the control unit records information regarding the failure in response to detection of the failure, and the information regarding the failure includes at least information regarding communication using the lower layer.

[0009] An aspect of the disclosure is a wireless communication system comprising a communication device and a reader device, wherein the communication device comprises a control unit that controls communication with the reader device using a lower layer, and a transmission unit that transmits a failure report of at least one of random access or a wireless link, wherein the control unit records information related to the failure in response to detection of the failure, and the information related to the failure includes at least information related to communication using the lower layer.

[0010] The disclosed aspect is a wireless communication method comprising the steps of controlling communication using a reader device and a lower layer, transmitting a failure report of at least one of random access or a wireless link, and recording information regarding the failure in response to detection of the failure, wherein the information regarding the failure includes at least information regarding communication using the lower layer. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the overall schematic configuration of a wireless communication system 10. As shown in FIG. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 shows a diagram illustrating frequency ranges used in cellular networks. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a radio frame, a subframe, and a slot used in a cellular network. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of the UE 200. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of the network device 50. As shown in FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining Ambient IoT. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the first operation example. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the second operation example. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the third operation example. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the third operation example. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of the network device 50 and the UE 200. As shown in FIG. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle 2001. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0012] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the same or similar reference numerals are used to designate the same functions or configurations, and descriptions thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

[0013] (1) Overall configuration of the wireless communication system 1 is a diagram showing an overall schematic configuration of a wireless communication system 10 according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 10 includes a terminal 200 (hereinafter referred to as UE (User Equipment) 200), a first network 10A, and a second network 10B.

[0014] The first network 10A has a radio access network 20A and a core network 30A. The radio access network 20A includes a base station 100A that performs radio communication with the UE 200. Note that the first network 10A may not have the radio access network 20A but may have the base station 100A. The first network 10A may not have the core network 30A. The base station 100A may be configured by a DU (Distributed Unit) and a CU (Central Unit). The DU may perform processing of layers below the MAC layer. The CU may perform processing above the PDCP layer.

[0015] The first network 10A may be a network conforming to a new technology (6G). 6G may be referred to as Beyond 5G or 5G Evolution. The first network 10A may be a network conforming to an existing technology (5G). 5G may be referred to as 5G New Radio (NR).

[0016] The second network 10B has a radio access network 20B and a core network 30B. The radio access network 20B includes a base station 100B that performs radio communication with the UE 200. Note that the second network 10B may not have the radio access network 20B but may have the base station 100B. The second network 10B may not have the core network 30B. The base station 100B may be configured by a DU and a CU.

[0017] The second network 10B may be a network conforming to existing technology (5G). 5G may be referred to as 5G New Radio (NR). The second network 10B may be a network conforming to new technology (6G). 6G may be referred to as Beyond 5G or 5G Evolution.

[0018] Here, the first network 10A and the second network 10B may have different radio access schemes. For example, the radio access scheme may be a cellular network radio access scheme called 5G, Beyond 5G, 5G Evolution, 6G, or the like.

[0019] Hereinafter, the base station 100A and the base station 100B may be collectively referred to as the base station 100 or the gNB 100. The core network 30A and the core network 30B may be collectively referred to as the core network 30.

[0020] First, the cellular network may support multiple frequency ranges (FR) as shown in Figure 2. For example, as shown in Figure 2, the cellular network supports FR1, FR2-1, and FR2-2. The frequency bands of each FR are as follows:

[0021] FR1: 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz FR2-1: 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz ·FR2-2: More than 52.6GHz~71GHz FR1 may use a Sub-Carrier Spacing (SCS) of 15, 30, or 60 kHz, and may use a bandwidth (BW) of 5 to 100 MHz. FR2 is a higher frequency than FR1, and may use an SCS of 60 kHz or 120 kHz (including 240 kHz), and may use a bandwidth (BW) of 50 to 400 MHz.

[0022] Note that SCS may be interpreted as numerology, which is defined in 3GPP TS38.300 and corresponds to one subcarrier spacing in the frequency domain.

[0023] Furthermore, cellular networks may also support higher frequency bands than the FR2 frequency band, specifically, frequency bands above 52.6 GHz up to 71 GHz or 114.25 GHz.

[0024] Second, the cellular network may correspond to the radio frames, subframes and slots shown in FIG.

[0025] As shown in Figure 3, one slot consists of 14 symbols, and the larger (wider) the SCS, the shorter the symbol period (and slot period). In addition to 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz, the SCS may also use 480 kHz, 960 kHz, etc.

[0026] Furthermore, the number of symbols constituting one slot does not necessarily have to be 14 (for example, 28 symbols or 56 symbols). Furthermore, the number of slots per subframe may differ depending on the SCS.

[0027] The time direction (t) shown in Fig. 3 may be called a time domain, a symbol period, or a symbol time, etc. The frequency direction may be called a frequency domain, a resource block, a subcarrier, a bandwidth part (BWP), etc.

[0028] (2) Functional block configuration of wireless communication system The functional block configuration of the wireless communication system 10 will be described below.

[0029] First, the functional block configuration of the UE 200 will be described.

[0030] Fig. 4 is a functional block diagram of UE 200. As shown in Fig. 4, UE 200 includes radio signal transmitting / receiving unit 210, amplifier unit 220, modem unit 230, control signal / reference signal processing unit 240, encoding / decoding unit 250, data transmitting / receiving unit 260, and control unit 270.

[0031] The radio signal transmitting / receiving unit 210 transmits and receives radio signals conforming to 5G or 6G. The radio signal transmitting / receiving unit 210 supports Massive MIMO, CA that uses a bundle of multiple CCs, and DC that simultaneously communicates between a UE and two NG-RAN nodes.

[0032] The amplifier unit 220 is configured by a PA (Power Amplifier) / LNA (Low Noise Amplifier), etc. The amplifier unit 220 amplifies the signal output from the modulation / demodulation unit 230 to a predetermined power level. The amplifier unit 220 also amplifies the RF signal output from the radio signal transmission / reception unit 210.

[0033] The modem unit 230 performs data modulation / demodulation, transmission power setting, resource block allocation, etc. for each predetermined communication destination (gNB 100 or another gNB). The modem unit 230 may apply Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) / Discrete Fourier Transform - Spread (DFT-S-OFDM). Furthermore, DFT-S-OFDM may be used not only for the uplink (UL) but also for the downlink (DL).

[0034] The control signal / reference signal processor 240 performs processing related to various control signals transmitted and received by the UE 200 and processing related to various reference signals transmitted and received by the UE 200 .

[0035] Specifically, the control signal / reference signal processor 240 receives various control signals, for example, control signals of a radio resource control layer (RRC), transmitted via a predetermined control channel from the gNB 100. The control signal / reference signal processor 240 also transmits various control signals to the gNB 100 via a predetermined control channel.

[0036] The control signal / reference signal processor 240 performs processing using reference signals (RS) such as a Demodulation Reference Signal (DM-RS) and a Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PT-RS).

[0037] DM-RS is a reference signal (pilot signal) known between the base station and the terminal for estimating the fading channel used for data demodulation. PT-RS is a terminal-specific reference signal for estimating phase noise, which is an issue in high frequency bands.

[0038] In addition to DM-RS and PT-RS, the reference signals may also include a Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) for position information.

[0039] The channels include control channels and data channels, such as a PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), a RACH (Random Access Channel), Downlink Control Information (DCI) including a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI), and a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH).

[0040] Furthermore, the data channel includes a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) and a PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel). Data refers to data transmitted via the data channel. The data channel may be interpreted as a shared channel.

[0041] Here, the control signal and reference signal processor 240 may receive downlink control information (DCI). The DCI includes existing fields for storing DCI Formats, Carrier indicator (CI), BWP indicator, Frequency Domain Resource Assignment (FDRA), Time Domain Resource Assignment (TDRA), Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS), HARQ Process Number (HPN), New Data Indicator (NDI), Redundancy Version (RV), etc.

[0042] The value stored in the DCI Format field is an information element that specifies the format of the DCI. The value stored in the CI field is an information element that specifies the CC to which the DCI applies. The value stored in the BWP indicator field is an information element that specifies the BWP to which the DCI applies. The BWP that can be specified by the BWP indicator is set by an information element (BandwidthPart-Config) included in the RRC message. The value stored in the FDRA field is an information element that specifies the frequency domain resource to which the DCI applies. The frequency domain resource is identified by the value stored in the FDRA field and an information element (RA Type) included in the RRC message. The value stored in the TDRA field is an information element that specifies the time domain resource to which the DCI applies. The time domain resource is identified by the value stored in the TDRA field and information elements (pdsch-TimeDomainAllocationList, pusch-TimeDomainAllocationList) included in the RRC message. The time domain resource may be identified by the value stored in the TDRA field and a default table. The value stored in the MCS field is an information element that specifies the MCS to which the DCI applies. The MCS is identified by the value stored in the MCS and an MCS table. The MCS table may be specified by an RRC message or may be determined by RNTI scrambling. The value stored in the HPN field is an information element that specifies the HARQ process to which the DCI is applied. The value stored in the NDI field is an information element for specifying whether the data to which the DCI is applied is initial transmission data. The value stored in the RV field is an information element that specifies the redundancy of the data to which the DCI is applied.

[0043] The encoding / decoding unit 250 performs data division / concatenation and channel coding / decoding for each predetermined communication destination (gNB100 or another gNB).

[0044] Specifically, the encoding / decoding unit 250 divides the data output from the data transmitting / receiving unit 260 into pieces of a predetermined size, performs channel coding on the divided data, decodes the data output from the modem unit 230, and concatenates the decoded data.

[0045] The data transmitter / receiver 260 transmits and receives Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and Service Data Units (SDUs). Specifically, the data transmitter / receiver 260 assembles and disassembles PDUs / SDUs in multiple layers (such as a Medium Access Control layer (MAC), a Radio Link Control layer (RLC), and a Packet Data Convergence Protocol layer (PDCP)). The data transmitter / receiver 260 also performs data error correction and retransmission control based on HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request).

[0046] The control unit 270 controls each functional block that configures the UE 200 .

[0047] In the embodiment, it may be assumed that UE 200 is a communication device (hereinafter referred to as an A-IoT device) having a simpler configuration than a general UE. The A-IoT device has lower layers such as a PHY layer and a MAC layer, and may not have upper layers such as an RLC layer, a PDCP layer, or an RRC layer.

[0048] In an embodiment, when the UE 200 is an A-IoT device, the control unit 270 may constitute a control unit that controls communication with the network device 50 using a lower layer, which will be described later. The wireless signal transceiver unit 210 may constitute a transmission unit that transmits a failure report of at least one of random access or wireless link. The failure report may be referred to as an A-IoT device SON (Self-Organizing Network Self) report.

[0049] Second, a functional block configuration of the network device 50 will be described. The network device 50 is a reader device in Ambient IoT, which will be described later, that directly communicates with a communication device (A-IoT device) having a simpler configuration than a general UE. For example, in Ambient IoT Topology 1, the network device 50 may be a base station (gNB100), in Ambient IoT Topology 2, the network device 50 may be an intermediate node, in Ambient IoT Topology 3, the network device 50 may be an assisting node, and in Ambient IoT Topology 4, the network device 50 may be a UE 200 (general UE). The network device 50 may be referred to as a reader.

[0050] As shown in FIG. 5, the network device 50 includes a receiving unit 51, a transmitting unit 52, and a control unit 53.

[0051] The receiver 51 receives various signals from the A-IoT device. For example, the receiver 51 may receive an uplink signal from the A-IoT device. The uplink signal may include an uplink control signal or an uplink data signal. The uplink signal may be received via a PDRCH (Physical Device Reader Channel).

[0052] The receiver 51 may receive various signals from the gNB 100 or the core network 30.

[0053] The transmitter 52 transmits various signals to the A-IoT device. For example, the transmitter 52 may transmit a downlink signal to the A-IoT device. The downlink signal may include a downlink control signal or a downlink data signal. The downlink signal may be transmitted via a PRDCH (Physical Reader Device Channel).

[0054] The transmitter 52 may transmit various signals to the gNB 100 or the core network 30.

[0055] The control unit 53 controls each block that constitutes the network device 50 .

[0056] In an embodiment, the control unit 53 may constitute a control unit that controls communication using a communication device (A-IoT device) and a lower layer. The transmission unit 52 may constitute a transmission unit that transmits a failure report of at least one of random access or wireless link. The failure report may be referred to as an A-IoT device SON report.

[0057] (3) Ambient IoT First, A-IoT devices may be classified into types such as Device A, Device B, and Device C.

[0058] Device A may be a device that does not have a storage for accumulating energy (for example, power) and performs backscattering transmission without performing its own signal generation / amplification or the like.

[0059] Device B may have a storage device that accumulates energy (e.g., power) and performs backscattering transmission without generating its own signal, etc. For example, the energy accumulated in the storage device may be used to amplify the reflected signal.

[0060] Device C may be a device that does not have a storage for accumulating energy (for example, power) and generates its own signal.

[0061] The A-IoT device may be a device defined in 3GPP TR38.848 V18.0.0. The A-IoT device has a simpler configuration than a typical UE. The characteristics of the A-IoT device may be defined by the following elements:

[0062] The output and complexity of A-IoT devices are simpler than those of general UEs. A-IoT device coverage will be introduced that can be achieved with a simpler configuration than general UE. Regarding the data rate of A-IoT devices, a data rate that is realized by a simpler protocol stack than that of general UE will be introduced. Regarding the maximum message size for A-IoT devices, a maximum message size that is realized by a protocol stack that is simpler than that of general UE will be introduced. The delay of A-IoT devices is set to meet the target delay using different access methods and signaling procedures than general UEs. The positioning method for the A-IoT device must be applicable to the topology described below in order to meet the required accuracy.

[0063] Regarding the connection density of A-IoT devices, multiple efficient access methods that differ from those used with general UE will be introduced. Regarding the moving speed of A-IoT devices, a different physical layer configuration will be introduced than that of general UE. Second, the topology of the A-IoT device may be as shown in Figure 6.

[0064] In Topology 1, the A-IoT device may perform UL transmission and DL reception with a base station (BS in Figure 6).

[0065] In Topology 2, the A-IoT device may perform UL transmission and DL reception with a base station (BS in Figure 6) via an intermediate node. The intermediate node may be an IAB (Integrated Access and Backhaul) node or a general UE. The intermediate node may also be a DU. The general UE may be a UE defined separately from the A-IoT device. The general UE may also have a more complex configuration than the A-IoT device.

[0066] In Topology 3, the A-IoT device may perform DL reception with a base station (BS in Figure 6) and UL transmission with the base station (BS in Figure 6) via an assisting node. The intermediate node may be an IAB node or a general UE. The intermediate node may also be a DU.

[0067] In Topology 4, UL transmission and DL reception may be performed with a general UE. In Topology 4, D2D communication between a general UE and an A-IoT device may be assumed.

[0068] Note that a general UE is a term used to distinguish it from an A-IoT device, and may also be referred to as an existing UE or a normal UE.

[0069] (4) Issues Against the backdrop of the introduction of the above-mentioned A-IoT devices, the inventors conducted extensive research and discovered the need for the network to collect necessary information from the perspective of SON (Self-Organizing Network) in Ambient IoT.

[0070] For example, in communication between an A-IoT device and a reader, it is expected that protocols below the MAC layer will be used, and therefore existing mechanisms managed at the RRC layer (e.g., Random Access Failure reporting, Radio Link Failure reporting) cannot be used. Therefore, in communication between an A-IoT device and a reader, a new mechanism is needed for the network to collect the information required from the SON perspective.

[0071] (5) Example of operation To solve the above-mentioned problem, at least one of the A-IoT device and the reader records information about the failure in response to detection of at least one of a random access failure and a radio link failure, and transmits a failure report including the information about the failure. The following operational example is considered as an example of the operation.

[0072] (5-1) Example 1 In Operation Example 1, a case where a failure occurs in the Random Access procedure will be described. In the Random Access procedure between the A-IoT device and the Reader, the following procedure may be executed.

[0073] First, the Reader sends a message (hereinafter referred to as a Paging-like message) to call the A-IoT device. The Paging-like message may include information indicating a resource (e.g., a slot) for the A-IoT device to access the Reader. The Paging-like message may include information indicating multiple resources for the Reader to access. The Reader may repeatedly send the Paging-like message.

[0074] Second, the A-IoT device sends an access request message to the reader requesting access to the reader. The access request message may be referred to as Msg1. The A-IoT device may access the reader multiple times (repeatedly send Msg1) using multiple resources allocated by the paging-like message. Msg1 may be read as a RACH-like preamble. The RACH-like preamble may be an example of a random access preamble. Msg1 (RACH-like preamble) may include a random ID generated by the A-IoT device. Msg1 (RACH-like preamble) may be transmitted via a PDRCH. The random access may be slotted-ALOHA random access.

[0075] Third, the gNB transmits an access response message in response to the access request message (RACH-like preamble). The access response message may be referred to as Msg2. Msg2 may be read as RACH-like response. Msg2 (RACH-like response) may include a UL grant for transmitting an uplink data signal. The UL grant may include information indicating multiple resources (e.g., slots) for accessing the Reader. Msg2 (RACH-like response) may include at least one of the A-IoT device identification information (Device ID) and the A-IoT device group identification information (Group ID). The Device ID may be information identifying the A-IoT device in the CN or gNB (Temporary Device ID). The Group ID may be information identifying the A-IoT device group in the CN or gNB (Temporary Group ID). Msg2 (RACH-like response) may include an Echoed random ID. The Echoed random ID may be the Random ID included in Msg1.

[0076] Fourth, the A-IoT device transmits an uplink data signal (hereinafter, UL message) to the Reader. The UL message may be referred to as Msg3. The A-IoT device may access the Reader multiple times (repeatedly transmitting Msg3) using multiple resources allocated by Msg2. The UL message may include at least one of the A-IoT device's identification information (Device ID) and the A-IoT device's group identification information (Group ID). The Device ID may be information identifying the A-IoT device in the CN or gNB (Temporary Device ID). The Group ID may be information identifying the A-IoT device's group in the CN or gNB (Temporary Group ID).

[0077] The Random Access procedure between the A-IoT device and the Reader may include a Contention-based random access procedure or a Contention-free random access procedure.

[0078] Under these conditions, a random access failure occurs in step S10 as shown in FIG.

[0079] In step S11, the A-IoT device records information about the random access failure in response to the detection of the random access failure. The information about the random access failure includes at least information about the configuration for performing communication (Ambient IoT) using a lower layer.

[0080] The A-IoT device may record information (information about Random Access Failure) about one or more options selected from the options listed below.

[0081] In Option 1-1, the information about the random access failure may include a failure reason related to communication using a lower layer. The failure reason may be a reason newly introduced in Ambient IoT. The failure reason may be referred to as A-IoT device random access failure.

[0082] In Option 1-2, the information about the Random Access Failure may include the identification information of the A-IoT device. The identification information of the A-IoT device may be the above-mentioned Device ID, the above-mentioned Temporary Device ID, the AS (Access Stratum) ID, or the NAS (Non-Access Stratum) ID. The identification information of the A-IoT device may be the Random ID included in the above-mentioned Msg1 (a Random ID generated by the A-IoT device).

[0083] In options 1-3, the information about the Random Access Failure may include the identification information of the group to which the A-IoT device belongs. The identification information of the group may be the Group ID mentioned above or the Temporary Group ID mentioned above.

[0084] In Options 1-4, the information about the random access failure may include information indicating the type of random access, such as contention-based random access and contention-free random access.

[0085] In options 1-5, the information about the random access failure may include information indicating the random access resource.

[0086] For example, the information indicating the resource may include time-domain access occasions used in accessing Msg1, or may include frequency-domain access occasions used in accessing Msg1. The information indicating the resource may include time-domain access occasions used in accessing Msg3, or may include frequency-domain access occasions used in accessing Msg3.

[0087] For example, the information indicating the resource may include information indicating absoluteFrequencyPointA, locationAndBandwidth, SubcarrierSpacing, msg1-FrequencyStart, msg1-FrequencyStartCFRA, msg1-SubcarrierSpacing, msg1-SubcarrierSpacingCFRA, msg1-FDM, msg1-FDMCFRA, etc.

[0088] In options 1-6, the information about random access failure may include information about the number of times the reader was accessed in random access. The information about the number of times the access was performed may include information indicating the number of times the reader was re-accessed in the random access procedure, or may include information indicating the total number of times the reader was accessed in the random access procedure. The number of times the access was performed may include the number of times the reader was accessed by Msg1, the number of times the reader was accessed by Msg3, or the total number of times the reader was accessed by Msg1 and Msg3.

[0089] In options 1-7, the information about random access failure may include information about the number of times the reader was accessed after a random access failure. The information about the number of accesses may include information indicating the number of times the reader was re-accessed after a random access failure, or may include information indicating the total number of times the reader was accessed after a random access failure. The number of accesses may include the number of accesses by Msg1, the number of accesses by Msg3, or the total number of accesses by Msg1 and Msg3.

[0090] In options 1-8, the information about the Random Access Failure may include information indicating the energy status of the A-IoT device. The information indicating the energy status may include a value (e.g., %) indicating the percentage of the remaining battery charge relative to the capacity of the battery possessed by the A-IoT device, or may include a value (e.g., mAh) indicating the remaining battery charge of the battery possessed by the A-IoT device. The information indicating the energy status may include information indicating a Low Energy status, in which the remaining battery charge of the battery possessed by the A-IoT device is below a threshold.

[0091] In options 1-9, the information about the Random Access Failure may include information indicating the status of the A-IoT device. The information indicating the status of the A-IoT device is information indicating a status such as a SLEEP state, an ON state, or an OFF state. For example, the SLEEP state is a state that does not support at least transmission. The ON state is a state that supports at least transmission and reception. The OFF state is a state that does not support at least transmission and reception.

[0092] In options 1-10, the information about the Random Access Failure may include the location information of the A-IoT device. The location information of the A-IoT device may be interpreted as the location information of the reader accessed by the A-IoT device.

[0093] In step S12, the reader records information about the random access failure in response to the detection of the random access failure. The information about the random access failure includes at least information about a configuration for performing communication (Ambient IoT) using a lower layer.

[0094] The Reader may record information (information about Random Access Failure) about one or more options selected from the above-mentioned Option 1-1 to Option 1-10. Here, the Reader may record information obtained from the A-IoT device (for example, information about one or more options selected from Option 1-6 to Option 1-10).

[0095] Additionally, the Reader MAY record information regarding one or more selected options from the options listed below.

[0096] In option 1-21, the information about the random access failure may include the identification information of the cell when the random access failure occurred. The cell identification information is information that identifies the cell to which the reader is connected, and may be a PCI (Physical Cell ID) or a GCI (Global Cell ID).

[0097] In option 1-22, the information about the random access failure may include the identification information of the beam when the random access failure occurred. The beam identification information is information that identifies the beam to which the reader is connected, and may be an SSB index.

[0098] In option 1-23, the information about the random access failure may include identification information of the reader. The identification information of the reader may be stored in advance in the reader or may be assigned by the gNB 100 or the like.

[0099] In Topology 2 shown in Fig. 6, the Reader (Intermediate node) may be a general UE. In such a case, the identification information of the Reader may be read as a UE ID.

[0100] In options 1-24, information about Random Access Failure may include information about the number of times a paging-like message was resent to the A-IoT device.

[0101] In option 1-25, the information about the random access failure may include location information of the reader. The location information of the reader may be measured by a global positioning system (GPS) possessed by the reader. The location information of the reader may also be identification information (such as PCI or GCI) of the gNB100 to which the reader is connected.

[0102] A case where a random access failure occurs is illustrated in Operation Example 1. Therefore, information such as option 1-4 to option 1-10, option 1-22, and option 1-25 may be considered to be information when a random access failure occurs.

[0103] (5-2) Example 2 Operational Example 2 describes a case where a radio link failure occurs. In communication between an A-IoT device and a reader, the A-IoT device may monitor out-of-sync and in-sync at the PHY layer by monitoring a signal (PRDCH) from the reader to the A-IoT device. In communication between an A-IoT device and a reader, the reader may monitor out-of-sync and in-sync at the PHY layer by monitoring a signal (PDRCH) from the A-IoT device to the reader.

[0104] Under such a premise, as shown in FIG. 8, an RLF (Radio Link Failure) occurs in step S20.

[0105] In step S21, the A-IoT device records information about the RLF in response to detecting the RLF. The information about the RLF includes at least information about the configuration for performing communication (Ambient IoT) using a lower layer. For example, the A-IoT device may detect RLF if the number of consecutive out-of-sync events exceeds a threshold. Alternatively, the A-IoT device may detect RLF if N (N is an integer equal to or greater than 1) consecutive in-sync events are not detected before a timer that starts in response to M (M is an integer equal to or greater than 1) consecutive out-of-sync events expires.

[0106] The A-IoT device may record information (information about the RLF) about one or more options selected from the options listed below.

[0107] In option 2-1, the information about the RLF may include a failure reason for communication using the lower layer. The failure reason may be a new reason introduced in Ambient IoT. The failure reason may be referred to as the A-IoT device RLF.

[0108] In Option 2-2, the information about the RLF may include the identification information of the A-IoT device. The identification information of the A-IoT device may be the above-mentioned Device ID, the above-mentioned Temporary Device ID, the AS (Access Stratum) ID, or the NAS (Non-Access Stratum) ID.

[0109] In option 2-3, the information about the RLF may include identification information of the group to which the A-IoT device belongs. The identification information of the group may be the Group ID mentioned above or the Temporary Group ID mentioned above.

[0110] In Option 2-4, the information related to the RLF may include information indicating the energy status of the A-IoT device. The information indicating the energy status may include a value (e.g., %) indicating the percentage of the remaining battery capacity of the battery of the A-IoT device, or a value (e.g., mAh) indicating the remaining battery capacity of the battery of the A-IoT device. The information indicating the energy status may include information indicating a Low Energy status, in which the remaining battery capacity of the battery of the A-IoT device is below a threshold.

[0111] In option 2-5, the information about the RLF may include information indicating the status of the A-IoT device. The information indicating the status of the A-IoT device is information indicating a status such as a SLEEP state, an ON state, or an OFF state. For example, the SLEEP state is a state that does not support at least transmission. The ON state is a state that supports at least transmission and reception. The OFF state is a state that does not support at least transmission and reception.

[0112] In option 2-6, the information about the RLF may include the location information of the A-IoT device. The location information of the A-IoT device may be interpreted as the location information of the Reader accessed by the A-IoT device.

[0113] In step S22, the Reader records information about the RLF in response to the detection of the RLF. The information about the RLF includes at least information about the configuration for executing communication (Ambient IoT) using a lower layer. For example, the Reader may detect the RLF when the number of consecutive out-of-sync events exceeds a threshold. Alternatively, the Reader may detect the RLF when N (N is an integer equal to or greater than 1) consecutive in-sync events are not detected before a timer that is activated in response to M (M is an integer equal to or greater than 1) consecutive out-of-sync events expires.

[0114] The Reader may record information (RLF information) related to one or more options selected from the above-mentioned Option 2-1 to Option 2-6. Here, the Reader may record information acquired from the A-IoT device (for example, information related to one or more options selected from Option 2-4 to Option 2-6).

[0115] Additionally, the Reader MAY record information regarding one or more selected options from the options listed below.

[0116] In option 2-21, the information about the RLF may include the identification information of the cell when the RLF occurred. The cell identification information is information that identifies the cell to which the reader is connected, and may be a PCI (Physical Cell ID) or a GCI (Global Cell ID).

[0117] In option 2-22, the information about the RLF may include the identification information of the beam when the RLF occurred. The beam identification information is information that identifies the beam to which the reader is connected, and may be an SSB index.

[0118] In option 2-23, the information about the RLF may include identification information of the reader. The identification information of the reader may be stored in advance in the reader or may be assigned by the gNB 100 or the like.

[0119] In Topology 2 shown in Fig. 6, the Reader (Intermediate node) may be a general UE. In such a case, the identification information of the Reader may be read as a UE ID.

[0120] In option 2-24, the information about the RLF may include location information of the Reader. The location information of the Reader may be measured by a Global Positioning System (GPS) possessed by the Reader. The location information of the Reader may also be identification information (such as PCI or GCI) of the gNB100 to which the Reader is connected.

[0121] Operation example 2 illustrates a case where RLF occurs after the Random Access procedure is successful. Therefore, information such as options 2-4 to 2-6, 2-23 to 2-24 may be considered to be information when RLF occurs.

[0122] (5-3) Example 3 The A-IoT device SON report is explained in Operation Example 3. In Operation Example 3, the following options are possible:

[0123] Option 3-1 describes the case where the Reader sends an A-IoT device SON report to the NW. The NW may be a higher-level node of the Reader. For example, in Topology 1, the NW may be an OAM (Operation, Administration, and Maintenance) node, and in Topologies 2-4, the NW may be the gNB100. The gNB100 may send the A-IoT device SON report to an OAM node.

[0124] As shown in Figure 9, in step S10, the NW sends an A-IoT SON report request to the Reader. In step S11, the Reader sends an A-IoT SON report response to the NW. The A-IoT SON report response includes an A-IoT SON report. The A-IoT SON report may include the following information:

[0125] First, the A-IoT SON report may include information about Random Access Failure, as described in Operation Example 1. The information about Random Access Failure may include information recorded by the Reader or information recorded by the A-IoT device. In such a case, the information about Random Access Failure may be referred to as a Random Access Failure report.

[0126] Second, the A-IoT SON report may include information about the RLF, as described in Operation Example 2. The information about the RLF may include information recorded by the Reader or information recorded by the A-IoT device. In such a case, the information about the RLF may be referred to as an RLF report.

[0127] The RLF report may include information about the success of random access. The information about the success of random access may include information about one or more options selected from options 1-1 to 1-10 and options 1-21 to 1-25 described in operation example 1. In such a case, a failure in random access may be interpreted as a success in random access.

[0128] Option 3-2 describes the case where an A-IoT device sends an A-IoT device SON report to a Reader. The network may be a higher-level node of the Reader. For example, in Topologies 1 and 3, the network may be an OAM (Operation, Administration, and Maintenance) node, and in Topologies 2 and 4, the network may be a gNB 100. The gNB 100 may send the A-IoT device SON report to an OAM node.

[0129] As shown in Figure 10, in step S20, the Reader sends an A-IoT SON report request to the A-IoT device. In step S21, the A-IoT device sends an A-IoT SON report response to the Reader. The A-IoT SON report response includes an A-IoT SON report. The A-IoT SON report may include the following information:

[0130] First, the A-IoT SON report may include information about Random Access Failure, as described in Operation Example 1. The information about Random Access Failure may include information recorded by the A-IoT device. In such a case, the information about Random Access Failure may be referred to as a Random Access Failure report.

[0131] Second, the A-IoT SON report may include information about the RLF, as described in Operation Example 2. The information about the RLF may include information recorded by the A-IoT device. In such a case, the information about the RLF may be referred to as an RLF report.

[0132] The RLF report may include information about the success of random access. The information about the success of random access may include information about one or more options selected from the options Option 1-1 to Option 1-10 described in Operation Example 1. In such a case, a failure in random access may be interpreted as a success in random access.

[0133] (6) Action and effect In an embodiment, at least one of the A-IoT device and the Reader records information about the failure in response to detection of at least one of a Random Access Failure or a Radio Link Failure, and transmits a failure report including the information about the failure. This configuration provides a new mechanism for the network to collect information required from the perspective of SON in Ambient IoT, which is expected to use protocols below the MAC layer, thereby enabling SON to be properly implemented.

[0134] (7) Other embodiments The present invention has been described above in accordance with the embodiments, but it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to these descriptions and that various modifications and improvements are possible.

[0135] Although not specifically mentioned in the above disclosure, which of Operational Examples 1 to 3 to use (which aspect to use) may be set by higher layer parameters. Which of the options of Operational Examples 1 to 3 to use may be set by higher layer parameters. Which aspect to support may be reported by the A-IoT device as UE capability(ies). Which aspect to use may be defined in advance in the wireless communication system 20. Which aspect to use may be set by higher layer parameters and reported by the A-IoT device as UE capability(ies).

[0136] Although not specifically mentioned in the above disclosure, the following UE capability(ies) may be defined. UE capability(ies) may be defined for each A-IoT device, for each FR (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR2-1, FR2-2, FR3), for each SCS, for each band, for each Bandwidth Combination (BC), or for each Frequency Combination (FC). UE capability(ies) may be included in a signal reported from the A-IoT device to the network device 50, or may be included in a signal (RRC configuration) configured from the network device 50 to the A-IoT device.

[0137] The block diagrams (FIGS. 4 and 5) used in the description of the above-described embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are connected directly or indirectly (for example, by wire, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining the single device or the multiple devices with software.

[0138] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, regard, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. As mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on how each is implemented.

[0139] Furthermore, the above-described network device 50 and UE 200 (the device) may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of the device. As shown in Fig. 11, the device may be configured as a computer including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0140] In the following description, the term "apparatus" can be interpreted as a circuit, a device, a unit, etc. The hardware configuration of the apparatus may be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the apparatuses.

[0141] Each functional block of the device (see FIGS. 4 and 5) is realized by any hardware element of the computer device or a combination of the hardware elements.

[0142] In addition, each function of the device is realized by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as processor 1001 and memory 1002, causing processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0143] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer by running, for example, an operating system, and may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control unit, an arithmetic unit, a register, and the like.

[0144] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002, and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-mentioned embodiments. Furthermore, the various processes described above may be executed by one processor 1001, or may be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The programs may be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0145] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by, for example, at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), etc. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory (primary storage device), etc. The memory 1002 can store a program (program code), a software module, etc., that can execute a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0146] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be, for example, at least one of an optical disk such as a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray disc), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy disk, a magnetic strip, etc. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device. The above-mentioned recording medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other appropriate medium including at least one of memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0147] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also called, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module.

[0148] The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize, for example, at least one of Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD).

[0149] The input device 1005 is an input device (for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (for example, a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that performs output to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (for example, a touch panel).

[0150] Furthermore, each device such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002 is connected to a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0151] Furthermore, the device may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0152] Furthermore, the notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB))), other signals, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, or the like.

[0153] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to at least one of a system using Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, a 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), a 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), Future Radio Access (FRA), New Radio (NR), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable system, and a next-generation system extended based on these. Furthermore, a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A and 5G) may also be applied.

[0154] The order of the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless it is consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0155] In the present disclosure, a specific operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by at least one of the base station and another network node other than the base station (for example, but not limited to, an MME or an S-GW). Although the above example illustrates a case where there is one other network node other than the base station, a combination of multiple other network nodes (for example, an MME and an S-GW) may also be used.

[0156] Information, signals (information, etc.) may be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer), or may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0157] The input and output information may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. The input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or added. The output information may be deleted. The input information may be sent to another device.

[0158] The determination may be made based on a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), a Boolean value (true or false), or a numerical comparison (e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0159] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification that "X is true") is not limited to being done explicitly, but may be done implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the predetermined information).

[0160] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0161] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0162] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0163] Note that terms explained in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of a channel and a symbol may be a signal (signaling). Furthermore, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.

[0164] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably.

[0165] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by an index.

[0166] The names used for the above-described parameters are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0167] In this disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0168] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells (also called sectors). When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head: RRH)).

[0169] The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication services within that coverage area.

[0170] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0171] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0172] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile body, the mobile body itself, etc. The mobile body may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile body (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0173] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a mobile station (user terminal, the same applies hereinafter). For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a mobile station is replaced with communication between multiple mobile stations (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the mobile station may be configured to have the functions of a base station. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to communication between terminals (for example, "side"). For example, terms such as uplink channel and downlink channel may be read as side channel.

[0174] Similarly, a mobile station in the present disclosure may be interpreted as a base station, in which case the base station may have the functions of a mobile station.

[0175] A radio frame may be composed of one or more frames in the time domain, each of which may be called a subframe.

[0176] A subframe may further be composed of one or more slots in the time domain, and may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0177] Numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, such as subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering operations performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing operations performed by a transceiver in the time domain.

[0178] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol). A slot may be a time unit based on numerology.

[0179] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0180] The radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals, and may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol.

[0181] For example, one subframe may be called a transmission time interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0182] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0183] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0184] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0185] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0186] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and equal to or greater than 1 ms.

[0187] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may also be determined based on numerology.

[0188] The time domain of an RB may include one or more symbols and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0189] Note that one or more RBs may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, or the like.

[0190] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0191] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) (which may also be referred to as a fractional bandwidth) may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a common reference point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a given BWP and numbered within that BWP.

[0192] The BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0193] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0194] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0195] The terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access." As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, and / or printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0196] The reference signal may also be abbreviated as Reference Signal (RS), and may also be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0197] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0198] The "means" in the configuration of each of the above devices may be replaced with "part," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0199] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed therein or that the first element must precede the second element in some way.

[0200] When used in this disclosure, the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when used in this disclosure, the term "or" is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0201] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0202] As used in this disclosure, the terms "determining" and "determining" may encompass a wide variety of actions. "Determining" and "determining" may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiring (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. "Determining" and "determining" may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and the like. Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. as having been "judged" or "decided." In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding some action as having been "judged" or "decided." Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

[0203] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0204] Fig. 12 shows an example of the configuration of a vehicle 2001. As shown in Fig. 12, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013.

[0205] The drive unit 2002 is composed of, for example, an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor.

[0206] The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle), and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0207] The electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 2010 from various sensors 2021 to 2027 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0208] The signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2028 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by a rotation speed sensor 2022, an air pressure signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal obtained by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal obtained by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 2028.

[0209] The information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 2012 uses information obtained from external devices via the communication module 2013, etc., to provide various types of multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 1.

[0210] The driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps, etc.), gyro systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 2030 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0211] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 1 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 to and from a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, a microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 2028, which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0212] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station, a mobile station, or the like.

[0213] The communication module 2013 transmits, via wireless communication to an external device, a current signal from the current sensor that is input to the electronic control unit 2010. The communication module 2013 also transmits, via wireless communication to an external device, the rotation speed signals of the front and rear wheels acquired by a rotation speed sensor 2022, the air pressure signals of the front and rear wheels acquired by an air pressure sensor 2023, the vehicle speed signal acquired by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, the acceleration signal acquired by an acceleration sensor 2025, the accelerator pedal depression amount signal acquired by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, the brake pedal depression amount signal acquired by a brake pedal sensor 2026, the shift lever operation signal acquired by a shift lever sensor 2027, and the detection signals for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. acquired by an object detection sensor 2028, all of which are input to the electronic control unit 2010.

[0214] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on an information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle. The communication module 2013 also stores the various information received from the external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, sensors 2021 to 2028, and the like provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0215] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and does not have any limiting meaning on the present disclosure.

[0216] (Addendum) The above disclosure may be expressed as follows:

[0217] The first feature is a communication device comprising a control unit that controls communication using a reader device and a lower layer, and a transmission unit that transmits a failure report of at least one of random access or a wireless link, wherein the control unit records information related to the failure in response to detection of the failure, and the information related to the failure includes at least information related to communication using the lower layer.

[0218] A second feature is the communication device of the first feature, wherein the control unit records, as the information regarding the random access failure, at least one of a reason for failure related to communication using the lower layer, identification information of the communication device, identification information of a group to which the communication device belongs, information indicating a type of the random access, information indicating a resource of the random access, information regarding the number of times the reader device was accessed in the random access, information regarding the number of times the reader device was accessed after the random access failed, information indicating an energy state of the communication device, information indicating a status of the communication device, or location information of the communication device.

[0219] A third feature is a reader device that includes a control unit that controls communication using a communication device and a lower layer, and a transmission unit that transmits a failure report of at least one of random access or a wireless link, wherein the control unit records information related to the failure in response to detection of the failure, and the information related to the failure includes at least information related to communication using the lower layer.

[0220] A fourth feature is a reader device according to the third feature, wherein the control unit records, as the information regarding the random access failure, at least one of a reason for failure related to communication using the lower layer, identification information of the communication device, identification information of a group to which the communication device belongs, information indicating a type of the random access, information indicating a resource of the random access, information regarding the number of times the reader device was accessed in the random access, information regarding the number of times the reader device was accessed after the random access failure, information indicating an energy state of the communication device, information indicating a status of the communication device, location information of the communication device, identification information of a cell when the random access failure occurred, identification information of the communication device or identification information of a beam when the random access failure occurred, identification information of the reader device, information regarding the number of times a signal calling the communication device was retransmitted, and location information of the reader device.

[0221] A fifth feature is a wireless communication system including a communication device and a reader device, wherein the communication device includes a control unit that controls communication with the reader device using a lower layer, and a transmission unit that transmits a failure report of at least one of random access or a wireless link, wherein the control unit records information related to the failure in response to detection of the failure, and the information related to the failure includes at least information related to communication using the lower layer.

[0222] A sixth feature is a wireless communication method comprising: a step of controlling communication using a reader device and a lower layer; a step of transmitting a failure report of at least one of random access or a wireless link; and a step of recording information related to the failure in response to detection of the failure, wherein the information related to the failure includes at least information related to communication using the lower layer. [Explanation of symbols]

[0223] 10. Wireless communication systems 10A Network 1 10B Second Network 20A, 20B Wireless Access Network 30A, 30B Core Network 50 Network Equipment 51 Receiving unit 52 Transmitter 53 Control Unit 100A,100B base station 200 UE 210 Radio signal transmitter / receiver 220 Amplifier section 230 Modulation and Demodulation Unit 240 Control signal / reference signal processing section 250 Encoding / Decoding Unit 260 Data transmission and reception unit 270 Control Unit 1001 processor 1002 memory 1003 Storage 1004 Communication equipment 1005 Input Device 1006 Output Device 1007 Bus 2001 Vehicle 2002 Drive unit 2003 Steering section 2004 accelerator pedal 2005 brake pedal 2006 Shift Lever 2007 Left and right front wheels 2008 Left and right rear wheels 2009 Axle 2010 Electronic Control Unit 2012 Information Services Department 2013 Communication Module 2021 Current Sensor 2022 RPM Sensor 2023 Air Pressure Sensor 2024 Vehicle speed sensor 2025 Acceleration Sensor 2026 Brake pedal sensor 2027 Shift lever sensor 2028 Object Detection Sensor 2029 Accelerator pedal sensor 2030 Driving Assistance Systems Department 2031 microprocessor 2032 memory (ROM, RAM) 2033 communication port

Claims

1. a control unit that controls communication using the reader device and the lower layer; a transmitter that transmits a failure report of at least one of random access or wireless link; The control unit records information about the failure in response to the detection of the failure; A communication device, wherein the information regarding the failure includes at least information regarding communication using the lower layer.

2. 2. The communication device of claim 1, wherein the control unit records, as the information regarding the random access failure, at least one of a reason for failure regarding communication using the lower layer, identification information of the communication device, identification information of a group to which the communication device belongs, information indicating the type of the random access, information indicating the resource of the random access, information regarding the number of times the reader device was accessed in the random access, information regarding the number of times the reader device was accessed after the random access failed, information indicating the energy state of the communication device, information indicating the status of the communication device, or location information of the communication device.

3. a control unit that controls communication using the communication device and a lower layer; a transmitter that transmits a failure report of at least one of random access or wireless link; The control unit records information about the failure in response to the detection of the failure; A reader device, wherein the information about the failure includes at least information about communication using the lower layer.

4. 4. The reader device according to claim 3, wherein the control unit records, as the information regarding the random access failure, at least one of the following: a reason for failure regarding communication using the lower layer, identification information of the communication device, identification information of a group to which the communication device belongs, information indicating the type of the random access, information indicating a resource of the random access, information regarding the number of times the reader device was accessed in the random access, information regarding the number of times the reader device was accessed after the random access failure, information indicating an energy state of the communication device, information indicating a status of the communication device, location information of the communication device, identification information of a cell when the random access failure occurred, identification information of the position information of the communication device or identification information of a beam when the random access failure occurred, identification information of the reader device, information regarding the number of times a signal calling the communication device was retransmitted, and location information of the reader device.

5. a communication device; a reader device, The communication device a control unit that controls communication between the reader device and the lower layer; a transmitter that transmits a failure report of at least one of random access or wireless link; The control unit records information about the failure in response to the detection of the failure; A wireless communication system, wherein the information regarding the failure includes at least information regarding communication using the lower layer.

6. controlling communication with the reader device using the lower layer; sending a failure report of at least one of random access or wireless link; and in response to detecting the failure, recording information regarding the failure; A wireless communication method, wherein the information regarding the failure includes at least information regarding communication using the lower layer.

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