Laminated body member, structure, construction method of structure using laminated body member

Abstract

To provide a laminated body member produced with a 3D printer capable of suppressing damage as resisting bending stress acting upon lifting, a structure constructed using the laminated body member, and a method constructing the structure using the laminated body member.SOLUTION: A laminated body member 2 is produced using a 3D printer, wherein the laminated body member 2 is to be used upon construction of a structure, being provided with a laminated body 3 formed through repeating lamination of layers 3s from the bottom to the top as discharging material downward from a nozzle of the 3D printer and move the nozzle in a horizontal direction to form the layer 3s of the material; and a support plate 4 arranged under the laminated body 3 to support the laminated body 3.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a laminate member, a structure, and a method for constructing a structure using the laminate member. [Background technology]

[0002] Generally, when constructing a structure such as a building, a structural element such as a pillar is constructed by pouring concrete into a formwork made of wood or the like. Since such formwork is usually made of plate material, the surface of the structure formed by such formwork is basically flat. Therefore, it is difficult to create a complex or elaborately designed surface for the structure.

[0003] In response to this, the construction of structures using components formed by, for example, dispensing cement-based materials from a 3D printer is being considered. For example, a column can be constructed by forming multiple cylindrical components with an internal space using a 3D printer, stacking these components on, for example, a floor slab, and then pouring concrete into the internal space. Because 3D printers can be used to form complex shapes, the outer surfaces of the components can be given complex, elaborate shapes, resulting in structures with excellent design. Furthermore, using components formed by a 3D printer as disposable formwork reduces the need for wooden formwork, which is also preferable from an environmental perspective.

[0004] In this regard, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a configuration in which a cement-based material ejected from a nozzle of a 3D printer is layered to form a component having an outer layer portion that forms the outer shape and an inner layer portion that divides the internal space of the outer layer portion into a concrete pouring area and a hollow area. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2023-167467 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] For example, when a member manufactured as described in Patent Document 1 is transported to a location where a structure is to be constructed at a construction site, the member needs to be lifted. In this case, the member is suspended and supported at multiple points, but because the member has a considerable weight, bending stress that bends downward acts between the suspended and supported parts of the member due to the member's own weight, and there is a possibility that the member may be damaged.

[0007] The problem that the present invention aims to solve is to provide a laminate member manufactured using a 3D printer that can resist bending stress acting during lifting and suppress breakage, a structure constructed using the laminate member, and a method for constructing a structure using the laminate member. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The present invention employs the following means to solve the above problems: That is, the laminate member of the present invention is a laminate member manufactured using a 3D printer and used when constructing a structure, and is characterized by comprising: a laminate formed by repeatedly forming layers of material by discharging material downward from a nozzle of the 3D printer while moving the nozzle horizontally, thereby stacking the layers from bottom to top; and a support plate provided below the laminate to support the laminate.

[0009] According to the above configuration, a layered structure is formed by repeatedly discharging material downward from the nozzle of the 3D printer while moving the nozzle horizontally, and stacking the layers from bottom to top. A structure is constructed using a layered structure member including the layered structure thus formed. Here, the stack is supported by a support plate provided below the stack. Therefore, for example, when lifting and transporting the stack members to a location where a structure is to be constructed at a construction site, if the stack members are suspended and supported via the support plate and lifted, even if bending stress acts between the suspended and supported parts of the stack members to bend them downward, this bending stress is shared by the support plate, so the bending stress acting on the stack is reduced. This prevents damage to the stack when lifted. In this way, it is possible to resist the bending stress acting during lifting and prevent breakage.

[0010] In one aspect of the present invention, the laminate includes a first laminate portion formed in a cylindrical shape with an axial direction of the lamination of the layers so as to have an internal space.

[0011] With this configuration, for example, a structure can be constructed by connecting the stacked members in the stacking direction so that the internal spaces are connected to each other in the vertical direction, and then pouring concrete into the internal spaces. Furthermore, when attempting to build a structure by connecting stacked members in the stacking direction, the support plates provided below the stack in each stacked member are positioned at intervals in the middle of the structure in the stacking direction (vertical direction). Such support plates can bear part of the lateral pressure acting on the first stacked portion when concrete is poured into the internal space. Therefore, the lateral pressure borne by the first stacked portion is reduced, thereby suppressing damage to the first stacked portion.

[0012] In another aspect of the present invention, the laminate member of the present invention includes a frame member embedded between the stacked layers of the first laminate portion and arranged to surround the internal space.

[0013] When concrete is poured into the internal space of the laminated member, the lateral pressure caused by the poured concrete acts on the first laminated portion that forms the wall surface of the internal space, which may cause damage to the first laminated portion. In contrast, with the above-described configuration, the frame members are embedded between the stacked layers of the first stacked portion so as to surround the internal space, and the frame members can bear part of the lateral pressure acting on the first stacked portion when concrete is poured into the internal space. Therefore, the lateral pressure borne by the first stacked portion is reduced, and damage to the first stacked portion can be suppressed. Furthermore, when the stacked member is lifted, the bending stress acting between the suspended and supported portions of the stacked member can be shared by the frame member, thereby further increasing the resistance of the stacked member to bending stress.

[0014] In another aspect of the present invention, a nut is joined to the frame member so as to be exposed from the first stack portion to the internal space, and multiple nuts are provided facing each other across the internal space.

[0015] According to this configuration, by joining the separator to connect the nuts joined to the frame member that face each other across the internal space, when concrete is poured into the internal space of the first laminated section, the portions of the frame member and the first laminated section that are located on opposite sides of the internal space are prevented from moving apart due to the lateral pressure of the concrete, thereby further increasing resistance to the lateral pressure of the concrete.

[0016] In another aspect of the present invention, the laminate comprises a second laminate portion formed to surround the first laminate portion from the outside when viewed from the stacking direction, and a first side space is formed in the portion between the internal space and the second laminate portion, the first side space being separated from the internal space and positioned above the support plate, and multiple first side spaces are provided on either side of the internal space, and each of the multiple first side spaces is provided with a hanging member extending in the stacking direction and comprising an axial member having one end joined to the support plate and a nut joined to the other end of the axial member.

[0017] According to this configuration, by providing a second laminate portion formed to surround the first laminate portion from the outside, the second laminate portion can have a different function from the first laminate portion, for example, by giving the second laminate portion a design feature when viewed from the periphery of the laminate structure. Furthermore, when lifting the stack member from above, the nut attached to the other end of the shaft member can be used as an insert for inserting the locking screw of the lifting device, thereby enabling efficient lifting work. Furthermore, since a plurality of first side spaces are provided with the internal space therebetween, the hanging members provided in the first side spaces are configured to be arranged with the internal space therebetween, which allows the stack member to be suspended and supported in a balanced manner when being lifted.

[0018] In another aspect of the present invention, a sheath tube is provided in each of the multiple first side spaces, extending in the stacking direction, and a hole is provided in the portion of the support plate where the sheath tube is provided, through which the sheath tube is inserted and fixed, and grout is injected into the first side space so as to bury the hanging member and the sheath tube.

[0019] According to this configuration, a sheath tube is provided in each of the first side spaces together with a hanging member, and the hanging member and the sheath tube are fixed by injecting grout into the first side spaces. Because the first side spaces are separated from the internal space, even if grout is injected, it does not leak into the internal space. The sheath tubes as described above are arranged to pass through holes formed in the support plate. Therefore, the internal spaces of the sheath tubes are configured to communicate with the outside without being blocked by the support plate. With this structure, for example, when multiple stacked members are connected in the stacking direction, the internal spaces of the sheath tubes of the multiple stacked members are in a state of communication with each other in the stacking direction. Therefore, reinforcing bars can be inserted through the internal spaces of the sheath tubes that are in communication with each other, and grout or the like can be injected to embed the reinforcing bars in the internal spaces of the sheath tubes to secure them in place. In this case, for example, when multiple stacked members are connected in the stacking direction, it is possible to prevent the stacked members from shifting in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction.

[0020] In another aspect of the present invention, a second side space is formed between the internal space and the second stacked portion, the second side space being separated from the internal space and the first side space.

[0021] According to this configuration, electrical equipment (for example, lighting fixtures), air conditioning equipment, and their wiring, piping, etc. can be provided in the second side space.

[0022] In another embodiment of the present invention, the material is a hydraulic composition, which contains either or both of ground granulated blast furnace slag obtained by drying and pulverizing granulated blast furnace slag and cement.

[0023] According to this configuration, the material of the laminate member used in constructing the structure is a hydraulic composition containing either or both of ground granulated blast furnace slag and cement. Therefore, when the material is ejected from the nozzle of the 3D printer, it can be made fluid. This makes it easy to form a laminate using a 3D printer. Furthermore, since the material hardens after being ejected from the nozzle of the 3D printer, it is possible to form a strong laminate member. Furthermore, since cement emits a large amount of carbon dioxide during its production, when the hydraulic composition contains ground granulated blast furnace slag but does not contain cement, the amount of carbon dioxide emitted during the production of the material can be reduced.

[0024] The structure of the present invention is a structure constructed using laminate members manufactured using a 3D printer, and the laminate members comprise a laminate formed by repeatedly stacking the layers from bottom to top by ejecting material downward from a nozzle of the 3D printer while moving the nozzle horizontally to form layers of the material, and a support plate provided below the laminate to support the laminate, wherein the laminate comprises a first laminate section formed in a cylindrical shape with the stacking direction of the layers as its axial direction so as to have an internal space, and a plurality of the laminate members are connected in the stacking direction so that the internal spaces are in communication with each other, and concrete is poured into the internal space so as to straddle the connecting parts between the laminate members.

[0025] As already explained, this configuration reduces the bending stress acting on the stack when lifting the stack members during construction of a structure, thereby suppressing damage to the stack. The laminate also includes a first laminate section formed in a cylindrical shape with the layer stacking direction as the axial direction so as to have an internal space, and multiple laminate members are connected in the stacking direction so that the internal spaces communicate with each other, and concrete is poured into the internal space, thereby constructing a structure. Furthermore, in a structure constructed by connecting multiple stack members in the stacking direction so that their internal spaces are interconnected, if a shear force acts in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction, the connected portions of the multiple stack members may not be able to withstand the shear force, and the stack members may shift in the direction perpendicular to the stacking direction. In contrast, in the above configuration, the concrete is poured into the internal space so as to straddle the connected portions of the stack members, so that the shear force acting on the connected portions of the multiple stack members is resisted by the concrete portion formed by the concrete hardening. Therefore, a strong structure can be realized.

[0026] The method for constructing a structure using laminate members of the present invention is a method for constructing a structure using laminate members manufactured using a 3D printer, wherein the laminate members comprise: a laminate formed by repeatedly discharging material downward from a nozzle of the 3D printer while moving the nozzle horizontally to form layers of the material, thereby stacking the layers from bottom to top; and a support plate provided below the laminate to support the laminate, wherein the laminate comprises a first laminate section formed in a cylindrical shape with the stacking direction of the layers as its axial direction so as to have an internal space, and the method includes the steps of: lifting the laminate members via the support plate, and stacking and connecting multiple laminate members in the stacking direction so that the internal spaces are connected to each other; and pouring concrete into the internal space so as to straddle the connecting sections between the laminate members.

[0027] As already explained, this configuration reduces the bending stress acting on the stack when lifting the stack members during construction of a structure, thereby suppressing damage to the stack. The laminate also includes a first laminate section formed in a cylindrical shape with the layer stacking direction as the axial direction so as to have an internal space, and multiple laminate members are connected in the stacking direction so that the internal spaces communicate with each other, and concrete is poured into the internal space, thereby constructing a structure. Furthermore, in a structure constructed by connecting multiple stack members in the stacking direction so that their internal spaces are interconnected, if a shear force acts in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction, the connected portions of the multiple stack members may not be able to withstand the shear force, and the stack members may shift in the direction perpendicular to the stacking direction. In contrast, in the above configuration, the concrete is poured into the internal space so as to straddle the connected portions of the stack members, so that the shear force acting on the connected portions of the multiple stack members is resisted by the concrete portion formed by the concrete hardening. Therefore, a strong structure can be realized. [Effects of the Invention]

[0028] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a laminate member manufactured using a 3D printer that can resist bending stress acting during lifting and suppress breakage, a structure constructed using the laminate member, and a method for constructing a structure using the laminate member. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0029] [Figure 1] 1 is a perspective cross-sectional view of a structure constructed using a laminate member according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing a stack and a support plate that constitute a stack member. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a 3D printer that forms a laminate. [Figure 5] FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the configuration of a frame member embedded in the laminated body. [Figure 7] FIG. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing a hanging member and a sheath tube provided on the laminate member. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a hanging member fixed to a support plate and a sheath tube. [Figure 10] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a portion of the laminate member. [Figure 11] 1A to 1C are diagrams showing the flow of a method for constructing a structure using laminate members in this embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is a perspective cross-sectional view showing a state in which a cage reinforcing bar is installed and a laminated member is arranged around it. [Figure 13] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a frame member and a separator embedded in a laminate. [Figure 14] FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a state in which a predetermined number of stacked members are stacked. [Figure 15] FIG. 10 is a perspective cross-sectional view showing a state in which concrete has been poured into the internal space of stacked members stacked in multiple layers. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0030] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out a laminate member, a structure, and a method for constructing a structure using a laminate member according to the present invention will be described based on the accompanying drawings. A perspective cross-sectional view of a structure constructed using a laminate member according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the laminate member. The structure 1 is constructed using laminated body members 2. The structure 1 of this embodiment is a pillar that constitutes a structure such as a building. The structure 1 mainly comprises a plurality of laminated body members 2 that form its outer shell, and a concrete portion 7 that is formed by hardening concrete poured into the internal space S of the plurality of laminated body members 2. Each laminated body member 2 (particularly a first laminated portion 31 described later) is formed in a cylindrical shape so as to have the internal space S. In this embodiment, the plurality of laminated body members 2 are oriented so that the axial direction, which is the direction in which the central axis of the cylindrical body extends, coincides with the vertical direction Dv, and then the laminated body members 2 are stacked in the vertical direction Dv and connected to each other. The laminated body members 2 have a predetermined height in the vertical direction Dv. When viewed from the vertical direction Dv, the laminated body members 2 are formed, for example, in a rectangular shape.

[0031] Fig. 3 is an exploded perspective view showing the laminate and the support plate constituting the laminate member. Fig. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a 3D printer that forms the laminate. Fig. 3 does not show some components of the laminate member, such as the hanging member 5, the sheath tube 6, and the grout 202, which will be described later. The stack member 2 includes a stack 3 and a support plate 4 provided below the stack 3. The laminate 3 is formed by repeatedly forming layers 3s in a predetermined pattern in a plan view using a 3D printer 100, stacking the layers 3s from bottom to top. The 3D printer 100 includes a robot arm 102 having, for example, six degrees of freedom, and a nozzle 101 provided at the tip of the robot arm 102, which dispenses material for forming the laminate 3. The 3D printer 100 is provided, for example, on rails 104 extending in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper in FIG. 3, so as to be movable in the direction of extension of the rails 104. A hose (not shown) is connected to the nozzle 101. Material is pressure-fed to the hose by a pump from a material supply unit such as a hopper.

[0032] The 3D printer 100 ejects a predetermined material downward from a nozzle 101 onto a platform 103, while moving the nozzle 101 horizontally by operating a robot arm 102 and moving the 3D printer 100 itself on rails 104, thereby forming each layer 3s in a predetermined pattern. After forming one layer 3s in a predetermined pattern, the 3D printer 100 stacks the next layer 3s on top of the previously formed layer 3s. The 3D printer 100 repeatedly forms layers 3s to form a laminated body 3 of a predetermined shape.

[0033] In this embodiment, a hydraulic composition is used as the material for forming the laminate 3. The hydraulic composition used in this embodiment is, for example, a cement-free hydraulic composition, and includes ground granulated blast furnace slag, calcium carbonate, an expansive material, slaked lime, fine aggregate, and a thickening admixture. Here, the cement specifically refers to various types of Portland cement specified in JIS R5210:2009.

[0034] Cement emits a large amount of carbon dioxide during its production. By configuring the hydraulic composition to be cement-free, it is possible to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emitted during the production of the material. For this reason, the material of this embodiment can be said to be environmentally friendly. Furthermore, since the hydraulic composition does not contain cement, it is possible to avoid the occurrence of "efflorescence (precipitation of calcium carbonate)" after hardening, which occurs when cement is used as a material, and the occurrence of "color unevenness" on the surface of the laminate due to this phenomenon. Furthermore, since the hydraulic composition does not contain cement, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of "thermal cracking" caused by heat of hydration, which is a problem when cement is used as a material.

[0035] Ground granulated blast furnace slag is dried and crushed granulated blast furnace slag, or gypsum added to this, and is specified in JISA6206:2013.

[0036] As calcium carbonate, for example, limestone fine powder can be used. Limestone fine powder is made by crushing limestone into powder, with calcium carbonate as the main component. By including calcium carbonate in the material that constructs the structure 1, a certain amount of carbon dioxide is trapped and fixed within the structure 1. This reduces the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere. From this perspective, the material used in this embodiment can be said to be environmentally friendly.

[0037] An expansive additive is an admixture that has the effect of expanding concrete or mortar, and is specified in JISA6202:2017. Slaked lime is calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). Fine aggregates include mountain sand, river sand, sea sand, crushed sand, silica sand, and lime sand, and comply with JISA5005:2020. A thickening admixture is an admixture added to a hydraulic composition primarily for the purpose of improving viscosity. Examples of thickening admixtures include cellulose-based thickeners, acrylic-based thickeners, biopolymer-based thickeners, and glycol-based thickeners, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0038] The hydraulic composition of this embodiment may further contain a retarding admixture. A retarding admixture is an admixture added to a hydraulic composition mainly for the purpose of delaying setting or hardening. Examples of retarding admixtures include water-reducing agents, air-entraining water-reducing agents, high-performance air-entraining water-reducing agents, and superplasticizers, which are defined as retarded types in JISA 6204:2011. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0039] As the hydraulic composition as described above, for example, environmentally friendly concrete "T-eConcrete (registered trademark)" (manufactured by Taisei Corporation) can be used. Such a hydraulic composition is mixed with water in a predetermined ratio and then supplied to the nozzle 101 of the 3D printer 100. The hydraulic composition may contain cement instead of the ground granulated blast furnace slag, or may contain both the ground granulated blast furnace slag and cement.

[0040] FIG. 5 is a plan view of the laminate member. 5, the laminate 3 includes a first laminate portion 31 and a second laminate portion 32. The first laminate portion 31 and the second laminate portion 32 are formed from a predetermined material ejected from the nozzle 101 of the 3D printer 100 as described above. In each layer 3s of the laminate 3, the laminate 3 is continuously formed in a single stroke by ejecting the material from the nozzle 101 of the 3D printer 100 and moving the nozzle 101 in the horizontal direction. In other words, the first laminate portion 31 and the second laminate portion 32 are formed substantially integrally.

[0041] The first laminated portion 31 is formed on the inner circumferential portion of the laminate 3. The first laminated portion 31 is formed in a cylindrical shape with its axial direction aligned with the stacking direction of the layers 3s, i.e., the vertical direction Dv, so as to have an internal space S. The first laminated portion 31 integrally includes a main cylindrical portion 311, a secondary cylindrical portion 312, and a joining protrusion 313. The main cylindrical portion 311 has a rectangular shape in a plan view and extends in the vertical direction Dv. In other words, the main cylindrical portion 311 has a rectangular cylindrical shape extending in the vertical direction Dv. The main cylindrical portion 311 has a pair of walls 311a spaced apart in a first horizontal direction D1 and a pair of walls 311b spaced apart in a second horizontal direction D2 intersecting the first horizontal direction D1. An internal space S is formed inside the main cylindrical portion 311 and is surrounded by the pair of walls 311a and the pair of walls 311b.

[0042] The secondary cylindrical portions 312 are provided near the four corners of the main cylindrical portion 311. The secondary cylindrical portions 312 are provided so as to protrude outward in the second horizontal direction D2 from both end portions of the pair of wall portions 311b in the first horizontal direction D1. The secondary cylindrical portions 312 are formed in the shape of a rectangular cylinder in a plan view, extending in the up-down direction Dv.

[0043] The joint protrusions 313 are provided in the middle of the pair of wall portions 311b in the first horizontal direction D1. In this embodiment, the joint protrusions 313 are provided at, for example, two locations spaced apart in the first horizontal direction D1. Each joint protrusion 313 integrally includes an extending portion 313a that protrudes and extends outward from the wall portion 311b in the second horizontal direction D2, and a joint portion 313b that extends on both sides in the first horizontal direction D1 at the tip of the extending portion 313a.

[0044] The second laminated portion 32 is formed so as to surround the first laminated portion 31 from the outside when viewed in the lamination direction (vertical direction Dv). The second laminated portion 32 has a generally rectangular shape in a plan view as a whole and extends in the vertical direction Dv. In other words, the second laminated portion 32 has a rectangular tubular shape extending in the vertical direction Dv as a whole. The second laminated portion 32 has a pair of outer wall portions 32a spaced apart in the horizontal first direction D1 and a pair of outer wall portions 32b spaced apart in the horizontal second direction D2.

[0045] The pair of outer wall portions 32a are provided on both outer sides of the main cylindrical portion 311 in the horizontal first direction D1. Each outer wall portion 32a extends in the horizontal second direction D2 along the wall portion 311a of the main cylindrical portion 311. Each outer wall portion 32a is in contact with the wall portion 311a. When the second laminated portion 32 is formed by the 3D printer 100, each outer wall portion 32a is formed so as to be in contact with the wall portion 311a of the first laminated portion 31 while the material (hydraulic composition) is in an uncured state, and is thereby joined to the wall portion 311a after the material has cured.

[0046] The pair of outer wall portions 32b are provided spaced apart on both outer sides in the second horizontal direction D2 with respect to the main cylindrical portion 311. Each outer wall portion 32b extends in the first horizontal direction D1 of the main cylindrical portion 311 and contacts the joints 313b of the multiple joint protrusions 313. When the second laminated portion 32 is formed by the 3D printer 100, each outer wall portion 32b is formed so as to contact the joints 313b of the first laminated portion 31 while the material (hydraulic composition) is in an uncured state, and is thereby joined to the joints 313b after the material has cured.

[0047] The second laminated portion 32 is exposed on the outer peripheral surface of the structure 1. Therefore, the second laminated portion 32 may be formed to have a design that is appealing when the structure 1 is viewed from the periphery. For example, in this embodiment, the second laminated portion 32 is formed by alternately arranging recessed portions 32f and protruding portions 32g in the direction in which each of the outer wall portions 32a and 32b extends. Here, the recessed and protruding portions 32f and protruding portions 32g have different concave and convex dimensions in each of the outer wall portions 32a and 32b. Furthermore, the shapes, positions, spacing, and irregularity dimensions of the recesses 32f and protrusions 32g may be varied among the multiple layers 3s stacked in the vertical direction Dv. For example, by varying the positions and irregularity dimensions of the recesses 32f and protrusions 32g among the multiple layers 3s stacked in the vertical direction Dv, an opening communicating between the inside and outside of the second stacked unit 32 may be formed between the recesses 32f or protrusions 32g of the lower layer 3s and the protrusions 32g or recesses 32f of the upper layer 3s. In this case, for example, by supplying hot or cold air from an air conditioning device to a second side space S3 (described below) formed inside the second stacked unit 32, the hot or cold air can be supplied to the periphery of the structure 1 through the opening. Furthermore, by accommodating a lighting device in the second side space S3 (described below), light from the lighting device can be provided to the surroundings through the opening.

[0048] The laminate 3 has a first side space S2 and a second side space S3 formed therein. The first side space S2 is formed inside the secondary cylindrical portion 312. A plurality of first side spaces S2 are provided at positions sandwiching the internal space S in the first direction D1. The first side space S2 is formed in a portion between the internal space S and the second stacked portion 32 so as to be separated from the internal space S. The second side spaces S3 are formed between the pair of wall portions 311b and the pair of outer wall portions 32b, between the secondary cylindrical portions 312 and the joint protrusions 313 adjacent to each other in the horizontal first direction D1, and between the joint protrusions 313 adjacent to each other in the horizontal first direction D1. The second side spaces S3 are formed between the internal space S and the second stacked portion 32 so as to be partitioned from both the internal space S and the first side spaces S2. The first side space S2 and the second side space S3 each extend in the up-down direction Dv.

[0049] 5, the first laminated unit 31 is configured so that the nozzle 101 of the 3D printer 100 passes through it twice, thereby forming a double wall portion made of material that overlaps in the inner and outer directions. More specifically, the nozzle 101 passes through the inner portion to form a wall surface that forms the internal space S, and the nozzle 101 passes through the outer portion to form a wall surface that forms the first side space S2 and the second side space S3. By forming the first laminated unit 31 in this double configuration in the inner and outer directions, the internal space S, the first side space S2, and the second side space S3 can be efficiently formed. Furthermore, by making the first laminated portion 31 double-layered in the inward and outward directions, it is possible to efficiently resist the lateral pressure that occurs when concrete is poured into the internal space S, as will be explained later.

[0050] When forming each layer 3s of the laminate 3, the start point where the nozzle 101 of the 3D printer 100 starts discharging the material and the end point where the discharging of the material ends are at the same position. These start and end points are preferably provided in the first laminate unit 31 located on the inside, as shown as A in Fig. 5, for example. Since a gap or seam will be generated between the start and end points, providing this in the first laminate unit 31 that cannot be seen from the outside prevents the gap or seam from being exposed and marring the appearance.

[0051] 3, a frame member 33 is embedded in the first laminate portion 31 of the laminate 3. The frame member 33 is embedded between specific laminated layers 3s of the first laminate portion 31. FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the configuration of a frame member embedded in the laminate. As shown in FIG. 6, the frame member 33 integrally includes a frame main body 33a formed of steel and having a rectangular shape in a plan view, a joint protrusion support portion 33b, and a plurality of nuts 34 joined to the frame main body 33a. The frame main body 33a is formed to have substantially the same shape as the main cylindrical portion 311 when viewed from the stacking direction. As shown in FIG. 3, the frame main body 33a is provided to surround the internal space S and is embedded between specific layers 3s among the layers 3s that are sequentially stacked when the first stacked unit 31 is formed using the 3D printer 100. As shown in FIG. 3, the frame main body 33a is embedded inside the main cylindrical portion 311.

[0052] The joint protrusion support portion 33b is provided so as to extend outward in the horizontal second direction D2 from a portion of the frame main body 33a extending in the horizontal first direction D1. The joint protrusion support portion 33b is provided corresponding to the joint protrusion 313. As shown in FIG. 3 , the joint protrusion support portion 33b is formed so that when the frame main body 33a is embedded inside the main cylindrical portion 311, the joint protrusion support portion 33b is embedded inside the joint protrusion 313.

[0053] The plurality of nuts 34 are provided, for example, two on each side of the frame main body 33a, which is rectangular in plan view. Each nut 34 is provided so as to protrude from each side of the frame main body 33a inward in the first horizontal direction D1 and inward in the second horizontal direction D2. As shown in FIG. 2 , the tip of each nut 34 is provided so as to be exposed from the first stack unit 31 to the internal space S. The plurality of nuts 34 are provided in pairs so as to face each other across the internal space S. Separators 210, which will be described later, are screwed into these nuts 34 so as to connect the facing nuts 34.

[0054] As shown in FIG. 3, the support plate 4 is provided below the stack 3 to support the stack 3 . FIG. 7 is a plan view of the support plate. As shown in FIG. 7 , the support plate 4 is made of, for example, steel and integrally includes a frame-shaped portion 41, multiple bracket portions 42, and a protrusion 43. The frame-shaped portion 41 is rectangular in plan view. As shown in FIG. 5 , the frame-shaped portion 41 supports the lower end surface of the main cylindrical portion 311 of the first laminated portion 31 and the lower end surface of a portion of the inner periphery of the second laminated portion 32 from below. The multiple bracket portions 42 protrude and extend from the four corners of the frame-shaped portion 41 to both sides in the second horizontal direction D2. Each bracket portion 42 supports the lower end surface of each secondary cylindrical portion 312 from below. The first side space S2 is located above each bracket portion 42, and the bracket portions 42 are formed so that the lower side of the first side space S2 is closed by the bracket portion 42. Each bracket portion 42 is formed with a screw hole 42h to which one end (lower end) of a shaft member 51 (described later) is joined, and a hole 42g through which a sheath tube 6 (described later) is inserted and fixed. The screw hole 42h is formed, for example, by welding a nut to the bracket portion 42. The protrusions 43 protrude from the frame-shaped portion 41 on both sides in the second horizontal direction D2, and support the joint protrusions 313 from below.

[0055] Fig. 8 is an exploded perspective view showing a suspender member and a sheath tube provided in the laminated member, Fig. 9 is a perspective view showing a suspender member and a sheath tube fixed to a support plate, and Fig. 10 is a plan view showing a part of the laminated member. A hanging member 5 and a sheath tube 6 are inserted and disposed in each of the multiple first side spaces S2. The hanging member 5 includes a fully threaded shaft member 51 extending in the stacking direction (vertical direction Dv), and a nut 52. One end (lower end) 51b of the shaft member 51 is joined to the support plate 4 by being screwed into a screw hole 42h of the support plate 4. The nut 52 is a so-called long nut, and is joined by being screwed into the other end (upper end) 51t of the shaft member 51. Only the lower side of the nut 52 is screwed into the shaft member 51, and the upper side is not screwed into the shaft member 51. The upper part of the nut 52 that is not screwed into the shaft member 51 is used as an insert when lifting the stacked body member 2.

[0056] The sheath tube 6 has a cylindrical shape that extends in the vertical direction Dv, and its lower end is inserted into and fixed to a hole 42g of the bracket portion 42. As shown in FIG. 10, grout 202 is poured into the first side space S2 so as to bury the hanging member 5 and the sheath tube 6 therein.

[0057] Electrical equipment, air conditioning equipment, and their wiring, piping, etc. can be provided in the second side spaces S3.

[0058] As shown in Fig. 1, concrete is poured and filled into the internal space S of the laminate member 2 described above to form a concrete portion 7. Cage reinforcing bars 72 are embedded in the concrete portion 7. Here, the multiple laminate members 2 that form the structure 1 are connected in the stacking direction of the layers 3s so that the internal spaces S are in communication with each other, and concrete is poured into the internal space S so as to straddle each of the connecting portions J between the laminate members 2 located above and below, thereby forming the concrete portion 7.

[0059] Next, a method for constructing the structure 1 using the laminate member 2 described above will be described. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the flow of a method for constructing a structure using laminate members in this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 11, a method for constructing a structure 1 using a laminate member 2 includes a step S11 of preparing the member, a step S12 of forming the laminate 3, a step S13 of attaching the hanging member 5 and the sheath tube 6, a leveling step S14, a step S15 of installing the cage reinforcing bars 72, a step S16 of installing the laminate member 2, a step S17 of inserting the reinforcing bars 230 into the sheath tube 6, and a step S18 of pouring concrete.

[0060] In the member preparing step S11, the support plate 4 and the frame member 33 required for forming the laminate 3 are produced. One such support plate 4 is manufactured for each stacked body member 2. In addition, two frame members 33 are manufactured for each stacked body member 2 in this embodiment. The cage reinforcing bars 72 to be placed in the internal space S of the laminate member 2 are also manufactured in advance. The manufacturing of the cage reinforcing bars 72 may be carried out in parallel with steps S12 to S14 described below.

[0061] In step S12 of forming the laminate 3, first, a material for forming the laminate 3 is prepared in a material supply unit such as a hopper that supplies material to the 3D printer 100. In this embodiment, a hydraulic composition is prepared as the material, kneaded with water in a predetermined ratio, and then placed in the material supply unit. Next, as shown in FIG. 4, the support plate 4 produced in step S11 is set on the base 103 of the 3D printer 100. Subsequently, a predetermined material is ejected downward from the nozzle 101 of the 3D printer 100 onto the base 103, while the nozzle 101 is moved horizontally by the operation of the robot arm 102 and the movement of the 3D printer 100 itself on rails 104, thereby forming layers 3s of material in a predetermined pattern. This formation of layers 3s is repeated, and the layers 3s are stacked from bottom to top. When the height reaches, for example, 100 mm, the first frame member 33 prepared in step S11 is placed on the topmost layer 3s at that point.

[0062] Thereafter, the 3D printer 100 sequentially stacks layers 3s of material upward so as to cover the frame member 33 from above. When the height of the multiple layers 3s stacked on the first frame member 33 reaches, for example, 200 mm (i.e., the height from the support plate 4 is 300 mm), the second frame member 33 prepared in step S11 is placed on the topmost layer 3s at that point. Thereafter, the 3D printer 100 sequentially stacks layers 3s of material upward so as to cover the second frame member 33 from above. When the height of the multiple layers 3s stacked on the second frame member 33 reaches, for example, 100 mm, the formation of the layers 3s is completed.

[0063] In this way, a laminate member 2 is formed that includes a laminate 3 having a height of, for example, about 400 mm. In this laminate member 2, a support plate 4 is provided at the bottom, and two frame members 33 are embedded in the middle, spaced apart in the vertical direction Dv.

[0064] In step S13 of attaching the hanging member 5 and the sheath tube 6, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the hanging member 5 and the sheath tube 6 are attached to each of the multiple first side spaces S2 of the laminate 3 formed in step S12. The hanging member 5 is first fixed by screwing the lower end of the shaft member 51 into a screw hole 42h formed in the bracket portion 42 of the support plate 4. Then, a nut 52 is screwed onto the upper end of the shaft member 51. Only the lower end of the nut 52 is screwed onto the shaft member 51. The lower end of the sheath tube 6 is inserted and fixed into the hole 42g formed in the bracket portion 42. Then, as shown in FIG. 10, grout 202 is injected into the first side spaces S2 to fix the hanging member 5 and the sheath tube 6.

[0065] 2, in the leveling step S14, for example, a cement-based capping material 204 is applied to the upper surface of the first laminate portion 31 of the laminate member 2 to perform leveling. As the capping material 204, for example, Cap Ace (product name: manufactured by MU Matex Co., Ltd.) can be used. The capping material 204 often has a different color from the material ejected from the nozzle 101 of the 3D printer 100. For this reason, if the capping material 204 is also applied to the upper surface of the second stacked portion 32 located on the outer side of the stacked body member 2, the capping material 204 will be exposed to the outside and will be conspicuous and visible from the surrounding area. To prevent this, in this embodiment, the capping material 204 is applied only to the first stacked portion 31 located on the inner side of the stacked body member 2.

[0066] In this manner, a predetermined number of laminate members 2 required to constitute the structure 1 are manufactured.

[0067] FIG. 12 is a perspective cross-sectional view showing a state in which a cage reinforcing bar is installed and laminated members are arranged around it. In step S15 of installing the cage reinforcing bars 72, as shown in FIG. 12, the cage reinforcing bars 72 prepared in step S11 are installed at predetermined positions on the slab F of the structure.

[0068] In step S16 of installing the laminate member 2, the manufactured laminate member 2 is installed in a predetermined location on the structure. To do this, first, a bonding material (not shown), such as adhesive or mortar, is applied to the portion of the slab F around the cage reinforcing bars 72 where the support plate 4 will be placed. In this embodiment, for example, an adhesive such as Alpron A105T (product name: manufactured by Nichibei Resin Co., Ltd.) is used as the bonding material. Epoxy adhesives are more preferable than mortar because they are easier to work with.

[0069] Next, locking screws of a lifting device such as a crane are screwed into the upper sides of the nuts 52 of the hanging members 5 attached to the four corners of the laminated body member 2, and the laminated body member 2 is lifted by the lifting device. The cage reinforcing bars 72 are passed through the internal space S of the lifted laminated body member 2, and the laminated body member 2 is moved downward until the lower end of the laminated body member 2 is placed on the slab F, or more precisely, on the bonding material applied to the slab F. This fixes the laminated body member 2 to the slab F below it. By providing the bonding material between the laminated body member 2 and the slab F in this way, leakage of concrete from between the laminated body member 2 and the slab F is suppressed when concrete is poured into the internal space S.

[0070] Next, the separator 210 is installed. FIG. 13 is a plan view showing the frame members and separators embedded in the laminate. The separators 210 are formed to a length approximately half the distance between the pair of wall portions 311a and the distance between the pair of wall portions 311b. One end 210a of the separator 210 is formed with a male thread. The separators 210 are used in pairs. As shown in FIG. 13 , one end 210a of each of the pair of separators 210 is screwed into each of the nuts 34 that face each other in the first horizontal direction D1 and the second horizontal direction D2 of the frame member 33 embedded in the laminated body member 2. Then, the other ends 210b of the pair of separators 210 are joined together by welding. At this time, each separator 210 is placed through the gaps in the cage reinforcing bars 72 that were previously installed. In this way, by providing separators 210 between a pair of wall portions 311a and between a pair of wall portions 311b so as to connect them, the distance between wall portions 311a and 311b is maintained constant even when concrete is poured into the internal space S and lateral pressure acts on wall portions 311a and 311b.

[0071] FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing a state in which a predetermined number of stacked members are stacked. Thereafter, step S16 is repeated, and as shown in FIG. 14, second- and third-tier stack members 2 are sequentially stacked on the first-tier stack member 2 installed in step S15 so that the internal space S is in communication. When stacking the second-tier stack member 2 on the first-tier stack member 2, a bonding material (not shown) such as adhesive or mortar is applied to the upper surface of the first laminate portion 31 of the first-tier stack member 2. When stacking the third-tier stack member 2 on the second-tier stack member 2, a bonding material (not shown) is applied to the upper surface of the first laminate portion 31 of the second-tier stack member 2. By providing a bonding material between the first laminate portions 31 of the upper and lower stack members 2 in this way, when concrete is poured into the internal space S, leakage of concrete from between the upper and lower first laminate portions 31 is suppressed. In this way, after a predetermined number of layers (for example, three layers) of stacked members 2 are stacked, steps S17 and S18 are carried out.

[0072] In step S17 of inserting the reinforcing bars 230 into the sheath tubes 6, the reinforcing bars 230 are inserted into the sheath tubes 6 at the four corners of the stacked body members 2 stacked in a predetermined number of layers. The reinforcing bars 230 are inserted through all of the multiple sheath tubes 6 that are connected vertically in each of the stacked body members 2 stacked in a predetermined number of layers, and are installed so as to straddle the connecting portions J between the stacked body members 2. The length of the reinforcing bars 230 is adjusted so that when the reinforcing bars 230 are inserted into the sheath tubes 6, the upper end of the reinforcing bars 230 is positioned lower than the upper end of the sheath tube 6 of the uppermost stacked body member 2. As a result, no reinforcing bars 230 are installed at the upper end of the sheath tube 6 of the uppermost stacked body member 2. After inserting the reinforcing bars 230, grout material (not shown) is filled into the sheath tube 6 to fix the reinforcing bars 230. These reinforcing bars 230 prevent the stacked members 2, which have been stacked in a predetermined number of layers, from shifting sideways when concrete is poured in step S17.

[0073] FIG. 15 is a perspective cross-sectional view showing a state in which concrete has been poured into the internal space of stacked members stacked in multiple stages. In step S18 of pouring concrete, as shown in Fig. 15, concrete is poured into the internal space S of the stacked body members 2 stacked in multiple layers (e.g., three layers) to form a concrete portion 7. The concrete is poured into the internal space S so as to straddle the connecting portions J between the stacked body members 2 positioned above and below. At this time, the concrete is poured up to a level that is a predetermined distance (e.g., 100 mm) below the top end of the stack 3 of the uppermost stacked body member 2. In this way, the stacked body members 2 are used as a so-called throw-away formwork when pouring concrete.

[0074] Thereafter, the above steps S16 to S18 are repeated, and further multiple layers of stacked body members 2 are stacked and connected on top of the multiple layers of stacked body members 2 formed by performing steps S16 to S18 the first time. As described above, in step S18, concrete is poured up to a level that is a predetermined distance below the top end of the stack 3 of the uppermost stacked body member 2. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1 , when step S18 is performed the second or subsequent time, when concrete is poured into the internal space S of the newly stacked multiple layers of stacked body members 2 in step S16 the second or subsequent time, some of the concrete will enter the internal space S of the previously stacked multiple layers of stacked body members 2 in the previous step S16. As a result, concrete is poured into the internal space S of the newly stacked multiple layers of stacked body members 2 and the previously stacked multiple layers of stacked body members 2 so as to straddle the connecting portion J between them.

[0075] Furthermore, as already described, in step S17, the upper end of the reinforcing bar 230 is located lower than the upper end of the sheath tube 6 of the uppermost laminate member 2. Therefore, when step S17 is performed for the second or subsequent times, when the reinforcing bar 230 is inserted into the sheath tube 6 of a newly stacked multi-layered laminate member 2 in step S16 for the second or subsequent times, the lower end of the reinforcing bar 230 enters the sheath tube 6 of the previously stacked multi-layered laminate member 2 from the upper end of the sheath tube 6. As a result, the reinforcing bar 230 is provided in the sheath tube 6 so as to straddle the joint J between the newly stacked multi-layered laminate member 2 and the previously stacked multi-layered laminate members 2. In this way, lateral displacement of the newly stacked multi-layered laminate member 2 relative to the previously stacked multi-layered laminate members 2 is suppressed.

[0076] In this embodiment, when the stacked body member 2 has a height of, for example, about 400 mm, the frame members 33 are provided at positions, for example, 100 mm and 300 mm from the bottom end. Therefore, when such stacked body members 2 are stacked one on top of the other, the frame members 33 are provided at predetermined intervals, for example, 200 mm, across the entire stacked stacked body members 2.

[0077] In this manner, the structure 1 is constructed by stacking a predetermined number of stacked members 2 and pouring concrete.

[0078] According to the laminate member 2 described above, the laminate member 2 is manufactured using a 3D printer 100 and is used when constructing a structure 1, and includes a laminate 3 formed by repeatedly forming layers 3s of material by ejecting material downward from a nozzle 101 of the 3D printer 100 while moving the nozzle 101 horizontally, thereby stacking the layers 3s from bottom to top, and a support plate 4 provided below the laminate 3 and supporting the laminate 3.

[0079] According to the above-described configuration, the nozzle 101 of the 3D printer 100 is moved horizontally while ejecting material downward to repeatedly form layers 3s of material, thereby stacking the layers 3s from bottom to top to form the laminate 3. A structure 1 is constructed using a laminate member 2 including the laminate 3 thus formed. Here, the stack 3 is supported by a support plate 4 provided below the stack 3. Therefore, for example, when the stack member 2 is lifted and transported to a location at a construction site where the structure 1 is to be constructed, if the stack member 2 is suspended and supported via the support plate 4 and lifted, even if bending stress acts between the suspended and supported portions of the stack member 2 to bend it downward, this bending stress is shared by the support plate 4, and the bending stress acting on the stack 3 is reduced. This prevents damage to the stack 3 when it is lifted. In this way, it is possible to resist the bending stress acting during lifting and prevent breakage.

[0080] The laminate 3 also includes a first laminate portion 31 formed in a cylindrical shape with an axial direction of the lamination of the layers 3s so as to have an internal space S.

[0081] With this configuration, the laminated members 2 are connected in the stacking direction so that the internal spaces S are connected to each other in the vertical direction Dv, and then concrete is poured into the internal spaces S to form the structure 1. Furthermore, when attempting to construct the structure 1 by connecting the laminate members 2 in the stacking direction, the support plates 4 provided below the laminates 3 in each laminate member 2 will be positioned at intervals in the middle of the structure 1 in the stacking direction (vertical direction Dv). Such support plates 4 can bear part of the lateral pressure acting on the first laminate portion 31 when concrete is poured into the internal space S. Therefore, the lateral pressure borne by the first laminate portion 31 is reduced, and damage to the first laminate portion 31 can be suppressed.

[0082] The laminated body member 2 also includes a frame member 33 that is embedded between the laminated layers 3s of the first laminated portion 31 and is provided so as to surround the internal space S.

[0083] When concrete is poured into the internal space S of the laminated member 2, the lateral pressure caused by the poured concrete acts on the first laminated portion 31 that forms the wall surface of the internal space S, which may cause damage to the first laminated portion 31. In contrast, with the above-described configuration, the frame member 33 is embedded between the stacked layers 3s of the first stacked portion 31 so as to surround the internal space S, and this allows the frame member 33 to bear part of the lateral pressure that acts on the first stacked portion 31 when concrete is poured into the internal space S. Therefore, the lateral pressure that is borne by the first stacked portion 31 is reduced, and damage to the first stacked portion 31 can be suppressed. Furthermore, when lifting the stacked body member 2, the bending stress acting between the suspended and supported portions of the stacked body member 2 can be shared by this frame member 33. This further increases the resistance of the stacked body member 2 to bending stress.

[0084] Nuts 34 are joined to the frame member 33 so as to be exposed from the first stacked portion 31 to the internal space S, and a plurality of nuts 34 are provided so as to face each other with the internal space S interposed therebetween.

[0085] According to this configuration, by joining the separator 210 so as to connect the nuts 34 joined to the frame member 33 and facing each other across the internal space S, when concrete is poured into the internal space S of the first stacked section 31, the portions of the frame member 33 and the first stacked section 31 located on opposite sides of the internal space S (wall sections 311a, 311b) are prevented from being displaced apart by the lateral pressure of the concrete. In this way, it is possible to further increase resistance to the lateral pressure of the concrete.

[0086] Furthermore, when viewed from the stacking direction (vertical direction Dv), the laminate 3 has a second stacking portion 32 formed to surround the first stacking portion 31 from the outside, and a first side space S2 is formed in the portion between the internal space S and the second stacking portion 32, which is separated from the internal space S and is located above the support plate 4, and multiple first side spaces S2 are provided on either side of the internal space S, and each of the multiple first side spaces S2 is provided with a hanging member 5 extending in the stacking direction and comprising an axial member 51 whose one end 51b is joined to the support plate 4 and a nut 52 joined to the other end 51t of the axial member 51.

[0087] According to this configuration, by providing the second laminated portion 32 formed so as to surround the first laminated portion 31 from the outside, the second laminated portion 32 can have a different function from the first laminated portion 31, for example, by giving the second laminated portion 32 a design that appears when the structure 1 is viewed from the outside. Furthermore, when lifting the stacked body member 2 from above, the nut 52 joined to the other end 51t of the shaft member 51 can be used as an insert for inserting a locking screw of a lifting device, thereby enabling the lifting operation to be carried out efficiently. Furthermore, since a plurality of first side spaces S2 are provided with the internal space S sandwiched therebetween, the hanging members 5 provided in the first side spaces S2 are configured to be arranged with the internal space S sandwiched therebetween. Therefore, when lifting the stacked body member 2, the stacked body member 2 can be suspended and supported in a balanced manner.

[0088] In addition, a sheath tube 6 is provided in each of the multiple first side spaces S2, extending in the stacking direction (vertical direction Dv), and the portion of the support plate 4 where the sheath tube 6 is provided has a hole 42g through which the sheath tube 6 is inserted and fixed, and grout 202 is injected into the first side space S2 so as to bury the hanging member 5 and the sheath tube 6.

[0089] According to this configuration, the sheath tube 6 is provided together with the hanging member 5 in each of the plurality of first side spaces S2, and the hanging member 5 and the sheath tube 6 are fixed by injecting grout 202 into the first side spaces S2. Because the first side spaces S2 are separated from the internal space S, even if the grout 202 is injected, it does not leak into the internal space S. The sheath tube 6 as described above is arranged to pass through a hole 42g formed in the support plate 4. Therefore, the internal space of the sheath tube 6 is configured to communicate with the outside without being blocked by the support plate 4. With this structure, for example, when a plurality of stacked body members 2 are connected in the stacking direction, the internal spaces of the sheath tubes 6 of the plurality of stacked body members 2 are in a state of communicating with each other in the stacking direction. Therefore, it is possible to insert a reinforcing bar 230 so as to pass through the internal spaces of the sheath tubes 6 that are in communication with each other, and to fix the reinforcing bar 230 by injecting grout or the like so as to embed the reinforcing bar 230 in the internal space of the sheath tube 6. In this case, when a plurality of stacked body members 2 are connected in the stacking direction, it is possible to prevent the plurality of stacked body members 2 from shifting in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction.

[0090] Further, between the internal space S and the second stacked portion 32, a second side space S3 is formed, which is partitioned from both the internal space S and the first side space S2.

[0091] According to this configuration, electrical equipment (for example, lighting fixtures), air conditioning equipment, and their wiring, piping, etc. can be provided in the second side space S3.

[0092] The material is a hydraulic composition, and contains either or both of ground granulated blast furnace slag, which is obtained by drying and pulverizing granulated blast furnace slag, and cement.

[0093] According to this configuration, the material of the laminate member 2 used in constructing the structure 1 is a hydraulic composition containing either or both of ground granulated blast furnace slag and cement, so that the material can be in a fluid state when it is discharged from the nozzle 101 of the 3D printer 100. This makes it easy to form the laminate 3 using the 3D printer 100. Furthermore, because the material hardens after being discharged from the nozzle 101 of the 3D printer 100, the laminate member 2 can be formed firmly. Furthermore, since cement emits a large amount of carbon dioxide during its production, when the hydraulic composition contains ground granulated blast furnace slag but does not contain cement, the amount of carbon dioxide emitted during the production of the material can be reduced.

[0094] Furthermore, the structure 1 as described above is a structure 1 constructed using laminate members 2 manufactured using a 3D printer 100, and the laminate member 2 comprises a laminate 3 formed by stacking the layers 3s from bottom to top by repeatedly forming layers 3s of material by ejecting material downward from a nozzle 101 of the 3D printer 100 while moving the nozzle 101 horizontally, and a support plate 4 provided below the laminate 3 to support the laminate 3, and the laminate 3 comprises a first laminate section 31 formed in a cylindrical shape with the stacking direction of the layers 3s as its axial direction so as to have an internal space S, and multiple laminate members 2 are connected in the stacking direction (vertical direction Dv) so that the internal spaces S are connected to each other, and concrete is poured into the internal space S so as to straddle the connecting parts J between the laminate members 2. Furthermore, a method for constructing a structure 1 using the laminate members 2 as described above is a method for constructing a structure 1 using laminate members 2 manufactured using a 3D printer 100, in which the laminate member 2 comprises a laminate 3 formed by stacking the layers 3s from bottom to top by repeatedly discharging material downward from a nozzle 101 of the 3D printer 100 while moving the nozzle 101 horizontally to form layers 3s of material, and a support plate 4 provided below the laminate 3 to support the laminate 3, and the laminate 3 comprises a first laminate section 31 formed in a cylindrical shape with the stacking direction of the layers 3s as its axial direction so as to have an internal space S, and includes the steps of lifting the laminate members 2 via the support plate 4 and stacking and connecting multiple laminate members 2 in the stacking direction (vertical direction Dv) so that the internal spaces S are connected to each other, and pouring concrete into the internal spaces S so as to straddle the connecting parts J between the laminate members 2.

[0095] As already explained, this configuration reduces the bending stress acting on the laminate 3 when lifting the laminate member 2 during construction of the structure 1. As a result, damage to the laminate 3 is suppressed. The laminate 3 also includes a first laminate section 31 formed in a cylindrical shape with the lamination direction of the layers 3s as the axial direction so as to have an internal space S, and multiple laminate members 2 are connected in the lamination direction so that the internal spaces S communicate with each other, and concrete is poured into the internal spaces S. In this way, the structure 1 can be constructed. Furthermore, in the structure 1 constructed by connecting multiple stack members 2 in the stacking direction so that the internal spaces S are interconnected as described above, when a shear force acts in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction, the portions where the multiple stack members 2 are connected may not be able to resist the shear force, and the stack members 2 may shift in the direction perpendicular to the stacking direction. In contrast, in the above configuration, the concrete is poured into the internal spaces S so as to straddle the connection portions J between the stack members 2, and therefore the shear force acting on the connection portions J between the multiple stack members 2 is resisted by the concrete portions 7 formed by the concrete hardening. Therefore, a strong structure can be realized.

[0096] In particular, in this embodiment, as already explained, the structure 1 is constructed by alternately repeating multiple times the process of stacking and connecting multiple laminated members 2 and the process of pouring concrete into the internal space S so that it straddles the laminated members 2.

[0097] In principle, when constructing the structure 1, it is possible to stack and connect all the necessary stack members 2 together, and then pour concrete into the internal space S at once. However, in this case, the internal space S, which connects the stacked and connected stack members 2 from top to bottom, becomes too deep, and the height of the concrete poured at one time becomes large. As a result, particularly large lateral pressure acts on the stack member 2 provided at the bottom, increasing the possibility of damaging the stack member 2. Furthermore, if the internal space S becomes too deep, it becomes difficult to visually check the condition of the concrete at the bottom of the internal space S immediately after starting to pour the concrete. In contrast, as described above, by constructing the structure 1 by alternately repeating multiple times the process of stacking and connecting multiple stacked body members 2 and the process of pouring concrete into the internal space S so that it spans the connecting parts J between the stacked body members 2, the lateral pressure acting on the stacked body members 2 that form the lowest level of the internal space S when the concrete is poured can be reduced, preventing damage to the stacked body members 2 and making it easier to check the condition of the concrete when it is poured.

[0098] In this embodiment, the structure 1 is provided with frame members 33 at predetermined intervals (for example, 200 mm) along the stacking direction (vertical direction Dv) in which the laminated members 2 are stacked and connected. With this configuration, the frame members 33 can efficiently and firmly resist the lateral pressure that occurs when concrete is poured. The frame member 33 is embedded in the first laminate portion 31, which is located on the inner side of the first and second laminate portions 31 and 32. In other words, the first laminate portion 31 is configured to resist the lateral pressure during concrete pouring. Therefore, to resist the lateral pressure during concrete pouring, it is not necessary to provide a vertical end portion, for example, on the outer side of the second laminate portion 32, which is located on the outer side, and tighten it with a belt. In the present embodiment, if the second laminate portion 32 is designed to have a design by changing its shape, such as by providing recesses 32f and protrusions 32g, tightening the second laminate portion 32 from the outside with a belt may cause stress to concentrate on the second laminate portion 32, particularly at the contact points of the belt, damaging the second laminate portion 32 and damaging the design. In contrast, by configuring the first laminate portion 31 to resist the lateral pressure during concrete pouring, a structure 1 can be realized that combines design and resistance to lateral pressure during concrete pouring.

[0099] (Modification of the embodiment) The laminate member, structure, and method of constructing a structure using the laminate member of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments explained with reference to the drawings, and various modifications are possible within the technical scope. For example, in the above embodiment, cage steel bars 72 are buried in the concrete section 7, and the structure 1 is made of reinforced concrete, but it is also possible to provide steel frames in the concrete section 7, and make the structure 1 of steel-reinforced concrete construction.

[0100] In the above embodiment, the laminate member 2 is formed, for example, in a rectangular shape when viewed from the vertical direction Dv, but this is not limited to this. The laminate member 2 may be, for example, a polygonal shape other than a square, a circle, or the like. This forms a polygonal pillar-shaped or cylindrical structure 1. Furthermore, the laminate member 2 may be formed in a flattened rectangular shape (rectangular shape) when viewed from the vertical direction Dv, and a wall may be formed as the structure 1. Furthermore, the constructed structure 1 may be laid on its side, and a beam may be formed as the structure 1.

[0101] In addition, in the above embodiment, the 3D printer 100 is configured to move the nozzle 101 with the robot arm 102, but this is not limiting. The 3D printer 100 may be of a gantry type or the like, supported on a stand provided on a platform 103 so as to be movable in a horizontal plane and in a vertical direction.

[0102] In the above embodiment, the laminate 3 forming the internal space S includes the first laminate portion 31 and the second laminate portion 32. However, the second laminate portion 32 may be omitted. In this case, the first laminate portion 31 forms the outer surface of the structure 1.

[0103] In addition, the configurations given in the above embodiments can be selected or changed as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0104] 1 structure 2. Laminated member 3 Laminate 3s layer 4 Support Plate 5 Hanging member 6 Sheath tube 7. Concrete section (formed by hardening concrete) 31 First lamination section 32 Second lamination section 33 Frame members 34 Nut 42g hole 51 Shaft member 51b One end of the shaft member 51t Other end of shaft member 52 Nut 100 3D printers 101 Nozzle 202 Grout Dv Stacking direction (vertical direction) J connection part S interior space S2 First side space S3 Second side space

Claims

1. A laminate member manufactured using a 3D printer and used in constructing a structure, A laminate formed by repeatedly forming layers of the material by discharging the material downward from the nozzle of the 3D printer and moving the nozzle horizontally, and stacking the layers from bottom to top; a support plate provided under the stack and supporting the stack; A laminate member comprising:

2. The laminate member according to claim 1, characterized in that the laminate comprises a first laminate portion formed in a cylindrical shape with an axial direction of the stacking direction of the layers so as to have an internal space.

3. The laminate member according to claim 2, further comprising a frame member embedded between the stacked layers of the first laminate portion and arranged to surround the internal space.

4. a nut is joined to the frame member so as to be exposed from the first laminated portion to the internal space, 4. The laminated member according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of the nuts are provided so as to face each other across the internal space.

5. the laminate includes a second laminate portion formed so as to surround the first laminate portion from the outside when viewed from the stacking direction, a first side space is formed between the internal space and the second stacked portion, the first side space being partitioned from the internal space and positioned above the support plate; A plurality of the first side spaces are provided with the internal space therebetween, A stacked body member as described in any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that each of the multiple first side spaces is provided with a hanging member extending in the stacking direction and comprising an axial member having one end joined to the support plate and a nut joined to the other end of the axial member.

6. a sheath tube extending in the stacking direction is provided in each of the plurality of first side spaces, a hole through which the sheath tube is inserted and fixed is provided in a portion of the support plate where the sheath tube is provided; 6. The laminate member according to claim 5, wherein grout is poured into the first side space so as to bury the hanging member and the sheath tube.

7. The laminate member according to claim 6, characterized in that a second side space is formed between the internal space and the second laminate portion, the second side space being separated from each of the internal space and the first side space.

8. 2. The laminated member according to claim 1, wherein the material is a hydraulic composition and contains either or both of ground granulated blast furnace slag obtained by drying and pulverizing granulated blast furnace slag and cement.

9. A structure constructed using laminate members manufactured using a 3D printer, The laminate member is A laminate formed by repeatedly forming layers of the material by discharging the material downward from the nozzle of the 3D printer and moving the nozzle horizontally, and stacking the layers from bottom to top; a support plate provided under the stack and supporting the stack; Equipped with the laminate includes a first laminate portion formed in a cylindrical shape with an axial direction of the stacking direction of the layers so as to have an internal space, A structure characterized in that a plurality of the laminated members are connected in the stacking direction so that the internal spaces are connected to each other, and concrete is poured into the internal spaces so as to straddle the connecting portions between the laminated members.

10. A method for constructing a structure using a laminate member manufactured using a 3D printer, comprising: The laminate member is A laminate formed by repeatedly forming layers of the material by discharging the material downward from the nozzle of the 3D printer and moving the nozzle horizontally, and stacking the layers from bottom to top; a support plate provided under the stack and supporting the stack; Equipped with the laminate includes a first laminate portion formed in a cylindrical shape with an axial direction of the stacking direction of the layers so as to have an internal space, a step of lifting the stacked body members via the support plate and stacking and connecting the plurality of stacked body members in the stacking direction so that the internal spaces thereof communicate with each other; Pouring concrete into the internal space so as to straddle the connection portions between the stacked members; A method for constructing a structure using a laminate member, comprising:

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