Retaining wall and method for constructing retaining wall

Abstract

To provide a retaining wall and a method for constructing the retaining wall in which H-shaped steels constituting support sections of the wall are erected vertically into a drilled hole, and multiple H-shaped steels are arranged in a straight line to form a straight (flat) wall member.SOLUTION: A retaining wall 1 according to the present invention is a retaining wall that receives a horizontal component of earth pressure through wall members 4, and comprises a plurality of support piles 2 each having a columnar portion 5 formed in the ground from cement milk or ready-mixed concrete and an H-shaped steel 6 whose lower portion is positioned inside the columnar portion and whose upper portion is exposed from the columnar portion, connecting members 8 that connect the H-shaped steels 6 that make up the support piles 2 to each other and arrange the H-shaped steels 6 in a straight line, and the wall members 4 in which the connecting members 8 are embedded with concrete.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a retaining wall and a method for constructing a retaining wall. [Background technology]

[0002] A retaining wall is a wall-like structure designed and constructed to resist lateral soil pressure and prevent slope collapse when a large difference in elevation is required in the ground that exceeds the angle of repose of the soil. Patent Document 1 proposes a retaining wall that minimizes the reduction in flat land for constructing a building. This retaining wall will be described with reference to Figures 26 and 27.

[0003] 26, this retaining wall 100 includes a plurality of support piles 20. The support piles 20 include a columnar portion 50 formed of cement milk in the ground, and an H-shaped steel 60 whose lower portion is disposed inside the columnar portion 50 and whose upper portion is exposed from the columnar portion 50.

[0004] As shown in FIG. 27, the retaining wall 100 also includes a channel steel 30 fixed to an H-shaped steel 60 by welding or the like. The channel steel 30 is a shaped steel having a web 30a, a first flange 30b formed on one end of the web 30a, and a second flange 30c formed on the other end of the web 30a. The channel steel 30 has a length equal to or less than the width of the H-shaped steel 60, and as described above, is fixed to the H-shaped steel 60 in the vertical direction by welding or the like. FIGS. 22 and 23 show the installed state of the channel steel 30. Note that in FIG. 26, the reinforcing bars 70 consisting of horizontal reinforcing bars 70a and vertical reinforcing bars 70b are not shown.

[0005] Furthermore, the retaining wall 100 includes a wall member 40. This wall member 40 is formed of so-called reinforced concrete, in which reinforcing bars 70 are embedded in concrete. The reinforcing bars 70 are made up of reinforcing bars 70a extending horizontally and arranged on the web 30a of the channel steel 30, and longitudinal reinforcing bars 70b extending vertically. Furthermore, the wall members 40 are arranged in a planar (plate-like) shape along the H-shaped steel 60 of the plurality of support piles 20, and are fixed to the support piles 20 via channel steel 30 embedded inside. In the retaining wall 100, the planar wall members 40 are configured to receive the horizontal component of earth pressure.

[0006] In this way, the retaining wall 100 has a composite structure in which the support piles 20 and the wall members 40 are integrated by embedding the channel steel 30, horizontal reinforcing bars 70a, and vertical reinforcing bars 70b in the wall members 40 and fixing the wall members 40 to the support piles 20 via the channel steel 30. The wall member 40 is subjected to the horizontal component of the earth pressure. This horizontal component of the earth pressure is transmitted to the H-shaped steel 60 at the top of the support pile 20 via the channel steel 30, and then to the bottom of the support pile 20, and the wall member 40 resists the lateral pressure of the soil and prevents the collapse of the slope.

[0007] To construct the retaining wall, the support piles 20 are erected by a pre-boring and cement milk injection compaction method, for example. Specifically, for example, a hole is drilled to a specified depth using the excavation auger (drill) of a construction machine, the auger is then pulled out at the same speed as when drilling the hole, and cement milk is injected while the soil is transported outside.

[0008] Next, the H-shaped steel 60 is lifted by a construction machine, moved to the top of the borehole, and erected in the borehole. After the erection of the multiple support piles 20 is completed, the channel steel 30 is fixed to the support piles 20 (H-shaped steel 60). After all the channel steels 30 are fixed to the support piles 20, reinforcement work is carried out to form the wall members 40. First, horizontal reinforcing bars 70a are placed and arranged on the top surface of the channel steel 30. Furthermore, vertical reinforcing bars 70b are arranged between the channel steel 30 parallel to the axis of the H-shaped steel 60. Then, the reinforcing bars 70 of the wall member 40 are arranged by bundling the horizontal reinforcing bars 70a with the channel steel 30 and bundling the vertical reinforcing bars 70b with the horizontal reinforcing bars 70a.

[0009] Next, the concrete portion of the wall member 40 is formed. The wall member 40 is formed using cast-in-place concrete. That is, formwork is erected, concrete is poured, and the formwork is removed after the required concrete strength is achieved. This completes the retaining wall 100 structure, in which the wall member 40 is integrated with the support piles 20. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0010] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 6940709 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0011] When constructing a retaining wall, for example, a hole is drilled to a specified depth using a construction machine's auger (drill), the auger is then withdrawn at the same speed as when drilling, the soil is removed, and cement milk is poured in. After that, the H-shaped steel is lifted up and moved to the top of the borehole and erected into it. At this time, the H-shaped steel must be erected vertically in the borehole, and multiple H-shaped steels must be arranged in a straight line. However, as shown in Fig. 28, when the H-shaped steel 60 is erected in the borehole, it may be erected at an angle with respect to the center line X connecting the centers of the multiple H-shaped steels 60. Furthermore, after the H-shaped steel 60 is erected, it may gradually tilt until the cement milk hardens. When the H-shaped steel 60 is tilted in this way, it becomes difficult to form the wall member 40 in a straight (flat) shape.

[0012] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a retaining wall and a method for constructing a retaining wall in which multiple H-shaped steel beams are arranged in a linear manner to form linear (flat) wall members. [Means for solving the problem]

[0013] The retaining wall of the present invention, which has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, is a retaining wall that receives the horizontal component of earth pressure through wall members, and is characterized by comprising a plurality of support piles each having a columnar portion formed in the ground from cement milk or ready-mixed concrete, and an H-shaped steel beam whose lower portion is positioned inside the columnar portion and whose upper portion is exposed from the columnar portion, connecting members that connect the H-shaped steel beams that make up the support piles to each other and arrange the plurality of H-shaped steel beams in a straight line, and a wall member in which the connecting members are buried inside with concrete.

[0014] In this way, the H-shaped steel beams that make up the support piles are connected to each other by connecting members, which prevents the H-shaped steel beams from tilting, and multiple H-shaped steel beams can be arranged in a straight line, making it possible to form a straight (flat) wall member. Furthermore, the connecting member can be embedded inside the support pile in concrete to form a wall member integrated with the support pile, thereby further improving the strength of the wall member.

[0015] Here, it is desirable that the connecting member connects the H-shaped steel beams corresponding to the upper ends of the wall members to each other. Also, the connecting member may connect the H-shaped steel beams corresponding to the lower ends of the wall members to each other, or may connect the H-shaped steel beams corresponding to the middle parts of the wall members to each other. It is also desirable that the connecting members are fixed to the H-beams by welding or bolts. It is also desirable that the connecting members are H-beams, I-beams, T-beams, angle steel (isolateral angle steel), channel steel, flat steel, or other steel materials conforming to JIS standards. Furthermore, it is desirable that stirrups are provided so as to surround the H-shaped steel, and that a plurality of stirrups are provided in the axial direction of the H-shaped steel. Since the stirrups are provided so as to surround the H-shaped steel in this way, the strength of the H-shaped steel can be increased. It is desirable that the stirrups are welded and fixed to the H-shaped steel. It is more preferable that the stirrups are arranged along the axis of the H-shaped steel so as to surround the H-shaped steel and surround the vertical reinforcing bars extending in the vertical direction.

[0016] It is also desirable to have a plurality of structural steels fixed to the portions of the H-shaped steel corresponding to the wall member, horizontal reinforcing bars arranged on the upper surface of the structural steels and extending laterally, vertical reinforcing bars arranged along the axis of the H-shaped steels and extending vertically, connecting members that connect the H-shaped steels that make up the support pile to each other and arrange the plurality of H-shaped steels in a straight line, and a wall member in which the structural steels, the horizontal reinforcing bars, the vertical reinforcing bars and connecting members are embedded in concrete. In this way, the wall member has the structural steel, the horizontal reinforcing bars, the vertical reinforcing bars, and the connecting members embedded inside the concrete, which further improves the strength of the wall member.

[0017] Also, a plurality of support piles each having a columnar portion formed in the ground from cement milk or ready-mixed concrete, and an H-shaped steel whose lower portion is disposed inside the columnar portion and whose upper portion is exposed from the columnar portion; a plurality of structural steels fixed to the outer and inner sides of the upper and lower ends of the portions of the H-shaped steel corresponding to the wall member, and also fixed to the outer side between the upper and lower ends of the portions of the H-shaped steel corresponding to the wall member; horizontal reinforcing bars arranged on the upper surfaces of the structural steels and extending horizontally; and vertical reinforcing bars arranged along the axis of the H-shaped steel and extending vertically. It is desirable that the wall structure comprises: a wall head and a wall foot formed at the upper and lower ends of the portion of the H-shaped steel that corresponds to the wall member, and in which the H-shaped steel, the structural steel, the horizontal reinforcing bars, and the vertical reinforcing bars are embedded in concrete; a connecting member that connects the H-shaped steel to each other, corresponding to at least one portion of the wall head, the wall foot, or an intermediate portion between the wall head and the wall foot; and a wall main body formed as the wall member integrally with the wall head and wall foot, and in which the structural steel, the horizontal reinforcing bars, and the vertical reinforcing bars are embedded in concrete between the upper and lower ends of the portion of the H-shaped steel that corresponds to the wall member.

[0018] In this way, the wall member is formed with a wall body portion, a wall head portion, and a wall foot portion, and the structural steel, the horizontal reinforcing bars, the vertical reinforcing bars, and the connecting members are embedded inside with concrete, thereby further improving the strength of the wall member. Furthermore, it is desirable that the wall portion be provided integrally with the upper surface of the wall head, and that the wall portion integrally with the upper surface of the wall head be the base of the fall prevention fence.

[0019] Furthermore, it is desirable to provide a wall main body portion in which the H-shaped steel, the structural steel, the horizontal reinforcing bars, and the vertical reinforcing bars are embedded in concrete between the upper and lower ends of the portion corresponding to the wall member of the H-shaped steel. In this way, the wall main body has H-shaped steel, the structural steel, the horizontal reinforcing bars, and the vertical reinforcing bars embedded inside the concrete, so the wall main body has an SRC structure, which makes it possible to increase the strength of the wall main body. It is desirable that the structural steel be any one of H-beam, I-beam, T-beam, angle steel, and channel steel.

[0020] Furthermore, it is desirable that the plurality of wall members arranged in a straight line in plan view, the H-shaped steel that forms the plurality of wall members be connected to each other for each wall, and that the plurality of wall members be connected to a plurality of connecting members at the intersections of the wall members at a predetermined intersection angle, to form an integrated wall member. In this way, when a plurality of wall members are connected at a predetermined crossing angle to form an integrated wall member, the wall members are reinforced and distortion and deformation of the wall members are suppressed.

[0021] In addition, the method of constructing a retaining wall according to the present invention, which has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, is characterized in that it includes the steps of drilling a hole with a drilling drill of a construction machine and injecting cement milk or ready-mixed concrete into the drilled hole, hoisting an H-shaped steel beam with the construction machine, moving it to the top of the borehole, and erecting it in the borehole, connecting the H-shaped steel beams to each other with connecting members and arranging multiple H-shaped steel beams in a straight line, and burying the connecting members inside with concrete to form a wall member integrated with the support piles.

[0022] In this way, the H-shaped steel beams that make up the support piles are connected to each other by connecting members, which prevents the H-shaped steel beams from tilting, and multiple H-shaped steel beams can be arranged in a straight line, making it possible to form a straight (flat) wall member.

[0023] Here, it is desirable that the method includes, after the step of connecting the H-shaped steels to each other with connecting members and arranging multiple H-shaped steels in a straight line, the steps of fixing multiple H-shaped steels to the portions of the H-shaped steels that correspond to the wall members, and the steps of arranging horizontal reinforcing bars that extend horizontally on the upper surfaces of the H-shaped steels and vertical reinforcing bars that extend vertically along the axis of the H-shaped steels, and after the step of arranging the reinforcing bars, burying the connecting members, the steels, and the horizontal and vertical reinforcing bars inside with concrete to form a wall member that is integrated with the support pile. In this way, the wall member has the structural steel, the horizontal reinforcing bars, the vertical reinforcing bars, and the connecting members embedded inside the concrete, which further improves the strength of the wall member.

[0024] The method preferably includes the steps of surrounding the H-shaped steel and providing multiple stirrups in the axial direction of the H-shaped steel, fixing multiple steel members to the portions of the H-shaped steel that correspond to the wall members, and providing horizontal reinforcing bars extending horizontally on the upper surface of the steel members and vertical reinforcing bars extending vertically along the axis of the H-shaped steel. Since the stirrups are provided so as to surround the H-shaped steel, the strength of the H-shaped steel can be increased. The stirrups are preferably welded and fixed to the H-shaped steel.

[0025] Furthermore, after the step of connecting the H-shaped steels to each other with connecting members and arranging a plurality of H-shaped steels in a straight line, it is desirable to include the steps of fixing a plurality of shaped steels to the outer and inner sides of the upper and lower ends of the portions of the H-shaped steels that correspond to the wall member and to the outer side between the upper and lower ends of the portions of the H-shaped steels that correspond to the wall member, and the steps of arranging horizontal reinforcing bars that extend laterally on the upper surfaces of the shaped steels and arranging vertical reinforcing bars that extend vertically along the axis of the H-shaped steels, and after the step of arranging the reinforcing bars, burying the connecting members, the shaped steels, and the horizontal and vertical reinforcing bars inside with concrete to form a wall member that is integrated with the support piles and has a wall head and a wall foot. In this way, a wall member having a wall head and a wall foot is formed, and the structural steel, the horizontal reinforcing bars, the vertical reinforcing bars, and the connecting members are embedded inside with concrete, thereby further improving the strength of the wall member.

[0026] Furthermore, it is desirable that the process of arranging horizontal reinforcing bars extending horizontally on the upper surface of the structural steel and arranging vertical reinforcing bars extending vertically along the axis of the H-shaped steel include a step of extending the vertical reinforcing bars up to above the wall head and arranging horizontal reinforcing bars extending horizontally on the extended vertical reinforcing bars, and after the reinforcing bar arranging step, a step of burying the connecting member, the structural steel, and the horizontal and vertical reinforcing bars inside with concrete to form a wall head and wall foot that are integrated with the support piles and that extends upward from the upper surface of the wall head. In this way, a wall portion can be formed on the top surface of the wall head, which can prevent objects from falling from the retaining wall. In particular, by using the wall portion as the base of the fall prevention fence, the fall prevention fence can be easily installed. [Effects of the Invention]

[0027] According to the present invention, the inclination of the H-shaped steel beams that make up the support portion of the retaining wall can be suppressed, and multiple H-shaped steel beams can be arranged in a straight line, making it possible to form a straight (flat) wall member. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0028] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a front view of a retaining wall according to a first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the retaining wall of FIG. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view II of the retaining wall of FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state in which the connecting member and the H-beam are connected to each other according to the first embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a modified example of the state of connection between the connecting member and the H-shaped steel. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a front view of a retaining wall according to the second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of the upper part of the retaining wall at section II in FIG. 1 (section I in FIG. 9). [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of the lower part of the retaining wall at section II in FIG. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III in FIG. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. 9, showing the arrangement of width-retaining reinforcements. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 shows the first stirrup. [Figure 14] Figure 14(a) shows the second stirrup and Figure 14(b) shows the third stirrup [Figure 15] FIG. 15(a) is a diagram showing the first width-retaining stripe, and FIG. 15(b) is a diagram showing the second width-retaining stripe. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 is a plan view of a retaining wall according to a third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 is a plan view of a retaining wall according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 18] FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II in FIG. [Figure 19] FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG. [Figure 20] FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view showing the state of the stirrups wound around the H-shaped steel on the retaining wall (4A) side of FIG. [Figure 21] FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view showing the state of the stirrups wound around the H-shaped steel on the retaining wall (4B) side of FIG. [Figure 22] FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view showing a case where an intermediate beam is provided on the retaining wall (4A) side of FIG. [Figure 23] FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view showing a case where an intermediate beam is provided on the retaining wall (4B) side of FIG. [Figure 24] FIG. 24 is a plan view showing a case where vertical reinforcing bars are inserted into the retaining wall (4B) side of FIG. 17 to increase the thickness of the retaining wall. [Figure 25] FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view showing the state in which vertical reinforcing bars are added to the stirrups wound around the H-section steel. [Figure 26] FIG. 26 is a front view of a conventional retaining wall. [Figure 27] FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view showing a portion of the retaining wall of FIG. [Figure 28] FIG. 28 is a perspective view showing a state in which an H-beam is tilted. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0029] An embodiment of a retaining wall according to the present invention will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. Note that the figures show one embodiment of the structure of a retaining wall, and the arrangement intervals and numbers of support piles, channel steel, reinforcing bars, etc., described below, can be changed as appropriate, and the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

[0030] As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, a retaining wall 1 includes support piles 2, connecting members 8, channel steel 3, reinforcing bars 7, and wall members 4. As shown in Figure 1, the support pile 2 has a columnar portion 5 formed, for example, from cement milk or ready-mixed concrete in the ground, and an H-shaped steel beam 6 fixed to the columnar portion 5. The support pile 2 is fixed into the ground and its base is reinforced using the cement milk (ready-mixed concrete) method, and is installed so that the axis of the support pile 2 is vertical. The lower part of the H-shaped steel 6 is placed inside the column part 5, and the upper part of the H-shaped steel 6 is exposed from the column part 5. The cement milk is produced, for example, by mixing soil, water, cement, and a bentonite mixture in a mixing plant at a construction site. Ready-mix concrete is soft concrete that has been mixed in a factory but is delivered to a construction site in an unhardened state.

[0031] The lower ends of the support piles 2 are buried in the ground and the lowest ends are fixed to the supporting layer of the ground. As shown in Fig. 1, a plurality of the support piles 2 are installed in parallel at predetermined intervals along the wall surface of the wall member 4 to be formed. The interval L1 between the support piles 2 is, for example, 2000 mm. As shown in Fig. 1, the portion of the H-shaped steel 6 where the wall member 4 is to be provided is exposed without being covered by a columnar portion 5 formed of cement milk (or ready-mixed concrete). The wall member 4 is provided on the exposed portion of the H-shaped steel 6 via a shaped steel 3, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3.

[0032] The H-shaped steel 6 is a shaped steel manufactured by hot rolling, and as shown in FIG. 2, has a web 6a and two flanges 6b and 6c that are parallel to each other. The H-shaped steel 6 is installed so that the plate surfaces of the flanges 6b and 6c are parallel to the wall surface of the wall member 4, as shown in FIGS. Standard products based on JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) or the like are used for the H-shaped steel 6. Note that a plurality of H-shaped steels 6 may be connected in the axial direction in one support pile 2. The H-shaped steels 6 can be joined together by, for example, high-strength bolts.

[0033] As shown in Fig. 4, connecting members 8 are provided at the upper ends of the wall members 4 to connect the H-shaped steel beams 6 that constitute the support piles 2. Note that the steel beams 3 and reinforcing bars 7 are omitted from Fig. 4. Furthermore, a connecting member having the same configuration as the connecting member 8 may be provided at the lower end of the wall member 4, or a connecting member 8 having the same configuration as the connecting member 8 may be provided at the middle part of the wall member 4.

[0034] The connecting member 8 is provided to prevent the H-shaped steel 6 from tilting. That is, the H-shaped steel 6 is lifted by construction machinery, moved to the top of the borehole, and erected in the borehole. The H-shaped steel 6 is then fixed in the borehole with cement milk (or ready-mixed concrete). If even one of the multiple H-shaped steels 6 tilts at this time, it will be difficult to form the wall member 4. Therefore, to prevent this from happening, the H-shaped steels 6 are connected to each other by connecting members 8. In addition, the connecting member 8 provided at the upper end of the wall member 4 functions effectively to suppress the tilt of the H-shaped steel 6. Furthermore, by providing a connecting member at the lower end of the wall member 4, the tilt of the H-shaped steel 6 may be further suppressed. Furthermore, by providing a connecting member at the midpoint between the lower end and the upper end of the wall member 4, the tilt of the H-shaped steel 6 may be further suppressed. In this way, by providing connecting members at the upper, middle, and lower ends of the wall member 4, the tilt of the H-shaped steel 6 can be suppressed, the strength of the wall member 4 can be improved, and the wall can be prevented from collapsing.

[0035] As described above, the connecting member 8 extends in the lateral direction of the wall member 4 and is fixed to the plurality of H-shaped steel beams 6. This connecting member 8 is not particularly limited as long as it can prevent the H-shaped steel 6 from tilting, but for example, H-shaped steel, I-shaped steel, T-shaped steel, angle steel (isolateral angle steel), channel steel, and other steel materials that comply with JIS standards can be used as this connecting member 8. The fixing is performed by welding the H-beam 6 to the connecting member 8 or by using bolts. In this way, by connecting the H-shaped steels 6 to each other with the connecting members 8, tilting of the H-shaped steels 6 is suppressed, and the wall members 4 can be formed with high precision.

[0036] As shown in FIG. 2, the structural steel 3 has a web 3a, a flange 3b formed on one end side of the web 3a, and a flange 3c formed on the other end side of the web 3a. The shaped steel 3 is a shaped steel manufactured by hot rolling, and is a standard product based on JIS, for example. In the case of hot-rolled shaped steel, unlike cast shaped steel 3, the strength of the shaped steel 3 is stable and does not vary depending on the product. The structural steel 3 may be any of H-shaped steel, I-shaped steel, T-shaped steel, angle steel, and channel steel. In this embodiment, the figure shows a case where channel steel is used.

[0037] As shown in FIG. 2, a flange 3b of this shaped steel (channel steel) 3 is joined and fixed to an H-shaped steel 6, and a web 3a is disposed in a cantilevered state so as to be almost horizontal. That is, one side of the shaped steel (channel steel) 3 is joined and fixed to the H-shaped steel, and when viewed from the side, the shaped steel (channel steel) 3 is attached to the H-shaped steel in a U-shape. This shaped steel 3 is fixed by welding or high-strength bolts. As a result, the H-shaped steel 6 and the shaped steel 3 are joined and fixed together through surface contact, and force is transmitted between the H-shaped steel 6 and the shaped steel 3 by surfaces. In the following description, the side of the H-shaped steel 6 where the wall member 4 is arranged (flange 6b side) is referred to as the outer side, and the opposite side (flange 6c side) is referred to as the inner side.

[0038] Regarding the fixing of the support pile 2 and the structural steel 3, the flange 3b of the structural steel 3 is fixed to the flange 6b of the H-shaped steel 6 of the support pile 2 so that they come into surface contact with each other. For example, the support pile 2 and the structural steel 3 are fixed to each other by arc welding. Alternatively, the support pile 2 and the structural steel 3 may be fixed to each other by joining with high-strength bolts (not shown).

[0039] Then, in each shaped steel 3, force is transmitted between the support pile 2 and the wall member 4. The interval L2 between the shaped steels 3 is, for example, about 200 mm to 300 mm. The structural steel 3 is joined and fixed to the H-shaped steel 6 of each support pile 2, and further buried inside the wall member 4 with concrete, so that the support pile 2 and the wall member 4 are integrated.

[0040] When the height H (see FIG. 1) of the wall member 4 is, for example, 6000 mm, about 20 to 30 structural steels 3 are installed on the outer surface (flange 6b side) of one H-shaped steel 6. Note that it is desirable to vary the spacing between the structural steels 3 depending on the earth pressure that the wall member 4 receives. In addition, the structural steel 3 is joined and fixed to each support pile 2 (H-shaped steel 6) so that the horizontal height of all the support piles 2 (H-shaped steel 6) installed in parallel is the same.

[0041] As shown in Figure 2, the reinforcing bars 7 include horizontal reinforcing bars 7a, which are, for example, main reinforcing bars, extending in the horizontal direction, and vertical reinforcing bars 7b, which are, for example, distribution reinforcing bars, extending in the vertical direction. Since each horizontal reinforcing bar 7a is placed on a structural steel 3, the spacing between the vertical horizontal reinforcing bars 7a in the wall member 4 is equal to the spacing L2 between the structural steels 3, for example, about 200 mm to 300 mm. The spacing L3 between the horizontally extending vertical reinforcing bars 7b in the wall member 4 is, for example, about 200 mm to 300 mm (see FIG. 3). The horizontal reinforcing bars 7a and the vertical reinforcing bars 7b form a grid pattern inside the wall member 4.

[0042] As shown in Figure 2, horizontal reinforcing bars 7a (7) of the wall member 4 are placed horizontally on the horizontal webs 3a of multiple structural steels 3 of the same height, and the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a (7) are tied to the structural steels 3. This allows force to be transmitted between the structural steels 3 and the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a (7) of the wall member 4, and the stress applied to the wall member 4 is reliably transmitted to the support piles 2 via the structural steels 3. On the horizontal web 3a of the shaped steel 3, for example, two reinforcing bars 7a (7) of the wall member 4 are placed. Therefore, with the structural steel 3 fixed to the flange 6b of the H-shaped steel 6 of the support pile 2, the reinforcing bar 7 placed on the web 3a of the structural steel 3 can be installed at a fixed position relative to the flange surface of the H-shaped steel 6.

[0043] Furthermore, when arranging the reinforcing bars 7a in the horizontal direction of the wall member 4, the reinforcing bars 7a can be arranged horizontally simply by placing the reinforcing bars 7a on the plurality of shaped steel bars 3, making the reinforcing bar arrangement work easy. Furthermore, on the horizontal web 3a of the structural steel 3, it is easy to arrange the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a while maintaining a predetermined distance between them, so that the spacing between the reinforcing bars 7 can be maintained accurately.

[0044] As described above, the wall member 4 is in contact with the soil and receives the horizontal component of earth pressure. As described above, the wall member 4 is installed along a plurality of support piles 2 arranged in parallel, as shown in Figure 1. The wall surface of the wall member 4 is formed perpendicular to the horizontal plane, as shown in Figures 2 and 3. The thickness of the wall member 4 is determined depending on the earth pressure that the wall member 4 receives. As mentioned above, the wall member 4 has a structural steel 3 buried inside it and is integrated with the support pile 2, and when it receives the horizontal component of the earth pressure, it transmits the force to the support pile 2 via the structural steel 3, which is a structural steel arranged inside.

[0045] (Construction method of retaining wall 1) Next, a method for constructing a retaining wall according to this embodiment will be described, taking the case where a connecting member 8 is fixed to the upper end of an H-shaped steel 6 as an example. First, the support piles 2 are erected at the site. The support piles 2 are erected using a pre-boring and cement milk (ready-mixed concrete) injection and compaction method.

[0046] The pile core is determined by marking a steel piece called a ruler, which serves as a marker for the installation position of the H-beam 6, and the auger (drill) of the construction machinery used for installation is set based on the markings. The auger then drills a hole to the specified depth, and the auger is pulled out at the same speed as when drilling, and cement milk (ready-mixed concrete) is poured in while the soil is removed outside. This prevents the pressure of the cement milk (ready-mixed concrete) from collapsing the wall of the drilled hole.

[0047] Next, the H-shaped steel 6 is lifted by construction machinery, moved to the top of the borehole, and installed in the borehole. At this time, another H-shaped steel other than the H-shaped steel to be installed is placed horizontally on the ground of the borehole. It is preferable to use this H-shaped steel placed on the ground as a ruler to install the lifted H-shaped steel 6. In this way, the H-shaped steel placed on the ground can prevent the H-shaped steel to be installed from tipping over and falling out of the borehole. If it is necessary to excavate in front of the support pile 2 after erecting it on sloping ground, etc., cross piles can be buried in the ground between the support piles 2 and stacked vertically before excavation, and then the front side of the support pile 2 can be excavated in the same way as in the construction method for temporary retaining walls.

[0048] After the erection of the multiple support piles 2 is completed, the connecting members 8 are fixed to the upper ends of the H-shaped steels 6 by welding or bolts. At this time, the connecting members 8 are fixed to the upper ends of the H-shaped steels 6 so that the axis of the connecting members 8 is perpendicular to the axis of each of the H-shaped steels 6. The connecting members 8 are also fixed to the H-shaped steels 6 so that the center lines connecting each of the H-shaped steels 6 are linear. In this way, the H-shaped steels 6 are connected to each other by the connecting members 8, preventing the H-shaped steels 6 from tilting, and allowing the wall members 4 to be formed with high precision. Incidentally, a connecting member similar to the connecting member 8 may be fixed to the lower end or middle portion of the H-shaped steel 6 by welding or bolts, which makes it possible to further prevent the H-shaped steel 6 from tilting.

[0049] Next, the structural steel 3 is fixed to the support pile 2. First, the fixing position of the structural steel 3 is determined on the flange of the support pile 2 by marking out. After the fixing position of the structural steel 3 is determined, the structural steel 3 is fixed by welding or high-strength bolt joining.

[0050] After all the structural steels 3 are fixed to the support piles 2, the reinforcing bar arrangement work is carried out to form the wall members 4. The horizontal reinforcing bars 7a are simply placed on the structural steels 3, which are structural steels, making the work easy. In addition, vertical reinforcing bars 7b are arranged between the structural steels 3, parallel to the axis of the H-shaped steel 6. The reinforcing bars 7 of the wall member 4 are arranged by bundling the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a with the structural steel 3 and bundling the vertical reinforcing bars 7b with the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a.

[0051] Next, the concrete portion of the wall member 4 is formed. The wall member 4 is formed using cast-in-place concrete. That is, formwork is erected, concrete is poured, and the formwork is removed once the required concrete strength is ensured. This completes the retaining wall 1 structure, in which the wall member 4 is integrated with the support piles 2. As a result, the wall member 4 is formed, in which the structural steel 3, the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a, the vertical reinforcing bars 7b, and the connecting members 8 are embedded in concrete.

[0052] In the above embodiment, one long connecting member is used as the connecting member 8, but as shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of short connecting members may be used. That is, the connecting member 8 is made up of a plurality of connecting members 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d, and the connecting members 8a and 8b are fixed to the H-shaped steel 6 so as to partially overlap. Also, the connecting members 8b and 8c are fixed to the H-shaped steel 6 so as to partially overlap, and the connecting members 8c and 8d are fixed to the H-shaped steel 6 so as to partially overlap. In this way, the installation work is easier when using connecting members 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d that are shorter in length than when using a single connecting member 8. In addition, since the connecting members 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d are fixed to the H-shaped steel 6 so that they partially overlap, the strength of the wall member 4 can be improved.

[0053] In the above embodiment, the web 3b portion of the shaped steel 3, which is a channel steel having a U-shaped cross section with flanges 3b, 3c on both the left and right sides of the web 3a, is joined in surface contact with the flange 6b of the H-shaped steel 6, and reinforcing bars are placed in the flange 3a portion. This shaped steel 3 may be an L-shaped (angle steel) having the web 3a and one flange 3b formed on one end side of the web 3a, and the shape of the shaped steel 3 is not limited to this form in the present invention.

[0054] (Second embodiment) Next, a second embodiment of a retaining wall according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 is a front view of a retaining wall according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of the upper part of the retaining wall at section II in FIG. 1 (section I in FIG. 9). FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of the lower part of the retaining wall at section II in FIG. 6, and FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of section II-II in FIG. 7. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of section III-III in FIG. 7, and FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of section IV-IV in FIG. 7. Furthermore, FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of section II-II in FIG. 9, showing the arrangement of width-stopping bars. FIG. 13 is a view showing the first stirrup, FIG. 14(a) is a view showing the second stirrup, and FIG. 14(b) is a view showing the third stirrup. FIG. 15(a) is a view showing the first width-stopping bar, and FIG. 15(b) is a view showing the second width-stopping bar. The drawings show one embodiment of the structure of the retaining wall, and the spacing and number of reinforcing bars can be changed as appropriate, and the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. Furthermore, the same reference numerals are used to designate the components of the first embodiment or corresponding components, and detailed descriptions thereof will be omitted.

[0055] (Schematic configuration of retaining wall 1) 6 to 15, similar to the first embodiment, the retaining wall 1 includes support piles 2, structural steel 3, and wall members 4, and in order to suppress tilting of the H-shaped steel 6, connecting members 8 are provided at the upper ends of the wall members 4. In addition, connecting members 8 are also provided at the lower ends of the wall members 4. As shown in Figure 6, the retaining wall 1 of the second embodiment is characterized in that a wall head portion 4a and a wall foot portion 4b are provided above and below a wall main body portion 4c of a wall member 4, and further a wall portion 4d is provided on the upper surface of the wall head portion 4. This wall portion 4d is used as the base 4d for the formed fall prevention fence. Incidentally, by providing a connecting member at the intermediate portion between the lower end and the upper end of the wall member 4, the tilt of the H-shaped steel 6 may be suppressed.

[0056] The wall head portion 4a and the wall foot portion 4b are provided with a shaped steel 3 as shown in Figures 7 and 8. As shown in Figures 7 and 8, the shaped steel 3 has a web 3a and one flange 3b formed on one end side of the web 3a. The structural steel 3 may be any of H-shaped steel, I-shaped steel, T-shaped steel, angle steel, and channel steel. In this embodiment, the figure shows a case where an L-shaped angle steel is used. The shaped steel 3 is a shaped steel manufactured by hot rolling, and is a standard product based on JIS, for example. In the case of hot-rolled shaped steel, unlike cast shaped steel 3, the strength of the shaped steel 3 is stable and does not vary depending on the product.

[0057] As shown in Figs. 7 and 8, the flange 3b of this structural steel 3 is joined and fixed to the H-shaped steel 6, and the web 3a is disposed in a cantilevered state so as to be almost horizontal. The structural steel 3 is fixed to the outer and inner surfaces of the upper end (wall head portion 4a) and lower end (wall foot portion 4b) of the H-shaped steel 6, which corresponds to the wall member 4. The structural steel 3 is also provided on the outer surface between the upper end (wall head portion 4a) and lower end (wall foot portion 4b) of the H-shaped steel, which corresponds to the wall member. Furthermore, horizontal reinforcing bars 7a extending in the horizontal direction are provided on the upper surface of the structural steel 3. Furthermore, vertical reinforcing bars 7b are provided on the H-shaped steel 6 along the axis and extending in the vertical direction.

[0058] Furthermore, connecting members 8 are fixed to the inner surfaces of the upper end (wall head portion 4a) and lower end (wall foot portion 4b) of the portion corresponding to the wall member 4. Note that the connecting members 8 may also be provided on the outer surfaces of the upper end (wall head portion 4a) and lower end (wall foot portion 4b) of the portion corresponding to the H-shaped steel wall member. This connecting member 8 can be, for example, an H-shaped steel as shown in the figure, as well as an I-shaped steel, a T-shaped steel, an angle steel (isolateral angle steel), a channel steel, or any other steel material conforming to JIS standards. Furthermore, although not shown, by fixing the connecting members 8 to the inner and outer sides of the upper end (wall head 4a) and lower end (wall foot 4b) of the part of the H-shaped steel that corresponds to the wall member, the tilt of the H-shaped steel 6 can be further suppressed, the strength of the wall member 4 can be improved, and the collapse of the wall can be prevented.

[0059] At the upper end (wall head 4a) and lower end (wall foot 4b), the H-shaped steel 6, the shaped steel 3, connecting member 8, horizontal reinforcing bars 7a and vertical reinforcing bars 7b are embedded inside with concrete. The wall main body 4c is formed integrally with the wall head 4a and the wall foot 4b as the wall member. In the wall main body 4c, the channel steel 3, the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a, and the vertical reinforcing bars 7b are embedded in concrete between the upper and lower ends of the part of the H-shaped steel 6 that corresponds to the wall member 4.

[0060] Thus, the wall main body 4c of the wall member 4 is a so-called reinforced concrete (RC structure) in which the shaped steel 3, horizontal reinforcing bars 7a, and vertical reinforcing bars 7b are embedded in concrete. Meanwhile, the wall head 4a and wall base 4b of the wall member 4 are SRC structures with H-shaped steel 6, shaped steel 3, and reinforcing bars 7a, 7b embedded in concrete. In this way, the wall head and wall base are SRC structures with H-shaped steel, shaped steel, and reinforcing bars embedded in concrete, and function as a strong beam structure. This significantly improves the strength of the wall member, and can prevent distortion, destruction, collapse, and subsidence of the wall member due to earth pressure.

[0061] In particular, as shown in Figures 7 and 8, in the wall head portion 4a and the wall foot portion 4b, the structural steel 3 is fixed to the outer and inner sides of the H-shaped steel 6, and in the wall main body portion 4c, the structural steel 3 is fixed to the outer side of the H-shaped steel 6. Therefore, the thickness Wa of the wall head portion 4a in the width direction (front-to-back direction of the wall) is greater than the thickness W of the wall main body portion 4c of the wall member 4. Similarly, the thickness Wb of the wall foot portion 4b in the width direction (front-to-back direction of the wall) is greater than the thickness W of the wall main body portion 4c of the wall member 4. That is, the wall head portion 4a and the wall foot portion 4b are shaped to protrude inward from the wall main body portion 4c of the wall member 4. As a result, the underside of the wall foot portion 4b of the wall member 4 has a surface shape (bottom surface shape) that is thicker in the width direction (front-to-back direction of the wall) than the thickness of the wall main body portion 4c of the wall member 4, thereby better preventing subsidence, heaping, and consolidation sliding.

[0062] The retaining wall 1 constructed in this manner is a composite structure in which the support piles 2 and wall members 4 are integrated, and the horizontal component of the earth pressure force received by the wall members 4 is transmitted via the structural steel 3 to the H-shaped steel 6 at the top of the support piles 2 and to the bottom of the support piles 2. In this case, the wall head 4a and wall foot 4b are of SRC structure as described above and function as a strong beam structure, so the strength of the wall member is significantly improved compared to a wall member of RC structure that does not have the wall head 4a and wall foot 4b, and it is possible to prevent the wall member from warping, breaking, falling, or sinking due to earth pressure.

[0063] Furthermore, a wall portion 4d for providing a fall prevention fence is formed on the upper surface of the wall head portion 4a of the wall main body portion 4c. The wall portion 4d is formed by vertical reinforcing bars 7b of the wall main body portion 4c, horizontal reinforcing bars 7a bound to the vertical reinforcing bars 7b, and concrete that embeds these inside. That is, the wall portion 4d is a so-called reinforced concrete (RC structure) in which horizontal reinforcing bars 7a, vertical reinforcing bars 7b, and concrete are embedded inside. A fall prevention fence (not shown) can be provided by drilling holes in the wall portion 4d and attaching pillars for the fall prevention fence. This can prevent objects from falling below the retaining wall 1.

[0064] 7, 8 and 9, the head portion 4a and the foot portion 4b of the wall member 4 have first stirrups 10 arranged to surround the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a provided in the structural steel 3. As shown in Fig. 9, a plurality of first stirrups 10 are provided in the head portion 4a and the foot portion 4b of the wall member 4 in the extension direction of the wall member 4.

[0065] Specifically, as shown in Figures 7 and 9, the first stirrups 10 are provided so as to straddle the inner and outer surfaces of the upper end of the H-shaped steel 6 in the portion corresponding to the wall member 4 and surround the entire horizontal reinforcing bars 7a. Similarly, as shown in Figure 8, the first stirrups 10 are provided so as to straddle the inner and outer surfaces of the lower end of the H-shaped steel 6 in the portion corresponding to the wall member 4 and surround the entire horizontal reinforcing bars 7a. Therefore, the first stirrups 10 have a rectangular shape that is long in the width direction of the wall member as shown in FIG. 13 (FIGS. 7 and 8).

[0066] Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 9, a plurality of first stirrups 10 are provided between a plurality of H-shaped steels 6 arranged in parallel. The contact portions of the first stirrups 10 with the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a and the vertical reinforcing bars 7b are then joined by bundling. In this way, the first stirrups 10 are provided at the upper end 4a and the lower end 4b so as to surround the entire transverse reinforcing bars 7a arranged on the outer and inner side structural steels 3, respectively, thereby improving the strength of the upper end 4a and the lower end 4b of the wall member 6.

[0067] Furthermore, as shown in Figures 7, 8 and 9, in addition to the first stirrups 10, second stirrups 11 are arranged so as to entirely surround the transverse reinforcing bars 7a arranged in the structural steel 3 fixed to the outer surface side of the exposed H-shaped steel 6. A plurality of the second stirrups 11 are disposed at each of the upper end 6a and the lower end 6b, facing the H-shaped steel and spaced apart at predetermined intervals. Additionally, third stirrups 12 are arranged to entirely surround the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a arranged in the shaped steel 3 fixed to the inner surface of the exposed H-shaped steel 6. A plurality of third stirrups 12 are arranged at each of the upper end 6a and the lower end 6b, facing the H-shaped steel and spaced apart at predetermined intervals. As shown in FIG. 14, the second stirrups 11 and the third stirrups 12 have a rectangular shape that is shorter in the width direction of the wall member 4 than the first stirrups 10.

[0068] When the second stirrup 11 and the third stirrup 12 are placed close to the vertical reinforcing bars 7b, the second stirrup 11 and the third stirrup 12 are bound to the vertical reinforcing bars 7b and the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a. If the second stirrups 11 and the third stirrups 12 are not provided adjacent to the vertical reinforcing bars 7b, the second stirrups 11 and the third stirrups 12 are tied to the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a.

[0069] In this way, at each of the upper end 4a and the lower end 4b, the second stirrups 11 are provided so as to entirely surround the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a arranged on the outer surface, and the third stirrups 12 are provided so as to entirely surround the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a arranged in the channel steel 3 on the inner surface, thereby further improving the strength of the upper end 4a and the lower end 4b of the wall member 4.

[0070] As shown in Figs. 9 and 12, a plurality of first width stop bars 15 and a plurality of second width stop bars 16 are provided between a plurality of H-shaped steels 6 provided in parallel. The first width-retaining bars 15 and the second width-retaining bars 16 are arranged between the vertical reinforcing bars 7b and are provided on the horizontal reinforcing bar side close to the H-shaped steel 6.

[0071] As shown in Figs. 15(a) and 15(b), the first width-retaining bars 15 and the second width-retaining bars 16 are reinforcing bars with U-shaped ends. In addition, the first width stop bars 15 and the second width stop bars 16 are tied to the upper and lower horizontal reinforcing bars 7a arranged on the structural steel 3 provided in the vertical direction on the outer and inner sides, which are arranged on the H-shaped steel 6 side, and the first stirrups 10.

[0072] Here, width stop bars refer to reinforcing bars that are placed in the direction of the main bars to ensure the shape of the stirrups. Although not shown, first width stop bars 15 and second width stop bars 16 are provided not only at the upper end 6d of the H-shaped steel 6 but also at the lower end 6e. The width stop bars 15, 16 at the lower end 6e are arranged in the same manner as at the upper end 6d of the H-shaped steel 6.

[0073] In this way, by using the first width-retaining reinforcement 15 and the second width-retaining reinforcement 16, the strength of the wall member can be increased, and it can reliably support the horizontal component of earth pressure for a long period of time.

[0074] As mentioned above, the wall member 4 is in contact with the soil and receives the horizontal component of earth pressure. As mentioned above, the wall member 4 is composed of a wall head portion 4a, a wall foot portion 4b, and a main body portion 4c between the wall head portion 4a and the wall foot portion 4b. Furthermore, a wall portion 4d is provided on the top surface of the wall head portion 4a, extending upward from the top surface. It is desirable to use this wall portion 4d as the base of the fall prevention fence. As shown in FIG. 6, the wall member 4 is installed along a plurality of support piles 2 arranged in parallel. The wall surface of the wall member 4 is formed perpendicular to the horizontal plane, as shown in Figures 7 and 8. The thickness of the wall member 4 is determined depending on the earth pressure that the wall member 4 will be subjected to.

[0075] The thickness W of the wall member 4 is, for example, about 200 mm to 250 mm. The thickness W of the wall member 4 depends on the height of the surface of the wall member 4. For example, if the height of the surface of the wall member 4 is 3 m, the thickness W of the wall member 4 is set to 250 mm. Furthermore, if the thickness of the H-shaped steel 6 is 400 mm, the thickness Wa of the wall head portion 4a and the thickness Wb of the wall base portion 4b are, for example, about 600 mm to 650 mm.

[0076] As mentioned above, the wall member 4 has a structural steel 3 buried inside it and is integrated with the support pile 2, and when it receives the horizontal component of the earth pressure, it transmits the force to the support pile 2 via the structural steel 3, which is a structural steel arranged inside.

[0077] As described above, the wall main body 4c (the area between the wall head 4a and the wall foot 4b) is made of reinforced concrete (RC structure) with reinforcing bars 7 arranged inside the concrete. Furthermore, the wall head 4a and wall base 4b have a so-called SRC (Steel Reinforced Concrete) structure, since the H-shaped steel 6, the shaped steel 3, the reinforcing bars 7, and the stirrups 10 are embedded in concrete. Furthermore, since the wall head 4a and wall foot 4b of the wall member 4 can be made of a high-strength beam structure, the strength of the wall member is significantly improved, and it is possible to prevent the wall member from warping due to earth pressure, breaking due to shear failure, or tipping over. The wall portion 4d of the fall prevention fence formed on the upper surface of the wall head portion 4a is made of reinforced concrete (RC structure) with reinforcing bars 7 arranged inside the concrete.

[0078] As shown in FIG. 8, the wall base 4b of the wall member 4 is installed and embedded to a position (underground) below the ground surface on the lower side of the step portion. As described above, the wall foot 4b of the wall member 4 is a high-strength beam structure, and the lower surface of the wall foot 4b of the wall member 4 is formed into a surface shape (width Wb) whose length in the width direction (front-to-back direction of the wall) is greater than the thickness W of the wall main body portion 4c of the wall member 4.

[0079] Therefore, by installing the planar wall foot 4b with a large length (width Wb) in the width direction (front-to-back direction of the wall) underground, it is possible to prevent subsidence and heaving that may occur depending on the properties of the ground. Also, by adjusting the embedment depth, it is possible to prevent the soil above the stepped part of the land (back soil) from passing under the retaining wall 1 due to consolidation settlement and pushing up the excavated bottom ground below the stepped part (arc slide). As shown in Figure 4, the wall base 4b of the wall member 4 to be installed underground can be installed more stably by placing it on basal concrete 14 formed on top of the ground that has been solidified with crushed stone 13.

[0080] (Construction method of retaining wall 1) Next, a method for constructing a retaining wall according to this embodiment will be described. The method for constructing a retaining wall is basically the same as the construction method according to the first embodiment, except for the parts that form the wall head 4a, wall base 4b, and wall 4d. First, the support piles 2 are erected at the site. The support piles 2 are erected using a pre-boring and cement milk (ready-mixed concrete) injection and compaction method.

[0081] The pile core is determined by marking a steel piece called a ruler, which serves as a marker for the installation position of the H-beam 6, and the auger (drill) of the construction machinery used for installation is set based on the markings. The auger then drills a hole to the specified depth, and the auger is then pulled out at the same speed as when drilling, and cement milk (or ready-mixed concrete) is poured in while the soil is removed. This prevents the pressure of the cement milk (or ready-mixed concrete) from collapsing the wall of the drilled hole.

[0082] Next, the H-shaped steel 6 is lifted by the construction machine, moved to the top of the borehole, and erected in the borehole. If it is necessary to excavate in front of the support pile 2 after erecting it on sloping ground, etc., cross piles can be buried in the ground between the support piles 2 and stacked vertically before excavation, and then the front side of the support pile 2 can be excavated in the same way as in the construction method for temporary retaining walls.

[0083] After the erection of the multiple support piles 2 is completed, the connecting members 8 are fixed by welding or bolts to the upper ends of the H-shaped steels 6. At this time, the connecting members 8 are fixed to the upper ends of the H-shaped steels 6 so that the axis of the connecting members 8 is perpendicular to the axis of each of the H-shaped steels 6. The connecting members 8 are also fixed to the H-shaped steels 6 so that the center lines connecting each of the H-shaped steels 6 are linear. In this way, the H-shaped steels 6 are connected to each other by the connecting members, preventing the H-shaped steels 6 from tilting and enabling the wall member 4 to be formed with high precision. Note that a connecting member similar to the connecting member 8 may be fixed to the lower end or middle part of the H-shaped steel 6 by welding or bolts, which can further prevent the H-shaped steel 6 from tilting.

[0084] Next, the structural steel 3 is fixed to the support pile 2. First, the fixing position of the structural steel 3 is determined on the flange of the support pile 2 by marking out. The structural steel 3 is fixed by welding or high-strength bolts. After the fixing position of the structural steel 3 is determined on-site, the structural steel 3 is fixed by welding or high-strength bolts. Whether the structural steel 3 is properly fixed to the support pile 2 is inspected by impact testing.

[0085] After all the structural steels 3 are fixed to the support piles 2, the reinforcing bars 7a are laid to form the wall members 4. The horizontal reinforcing bars 7a are simply placed on the structural steels 3, making the work easy. In addition, vertical reinforcing bars 7b are laid between the structural steels 3, parallel to the axis of the H-shaped steel 6. The reinforcing bars 7 of the wall member 4 are then arranged by bundling the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a with the channel steel 3 and bundling the vertical reinforcing bars 7b with the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a.

[0086] Furthermore, first stirrups 10 are arranged so as to surround the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a across the inner and outer surfaces of the upper end 6d of the H-shaped steel 6 in the portion corresponding to the wall member 4. As shown in Fig. 2, a plurality of first stirrups 10 at the upper end 6d are arranged between the plurality of H-shaped steels 6 arranged in parallel. In addition, first stirrups 10 are arranged so as to surround the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a across the inner and outer surfaces of the lower end 6e of the H-shaped steel 6 in the portion corresponding to the wall member 4. A plurality of first stirrups 10 at the lower end 6e are arranged between the plurality of H-shaped steels 6 arranged in parallel. Furthermore, the first width-retaining bars 15 and the second width-retaining bars 16 are arranged between the vertical reinforcing bars 7 b and on the horizontal reinforcing bar side close to the H-shaped steel 6 .

[0087] Where vertical reinforcing bars 7b exist, the first stirrups 10, horizontal reinforcing bars 7a and vertical reinforcing bars 7b are bundled together. Furthermore, where there are no vertical reinforcing bars 7b (where the first width stop bars 15 and the second width stop bars 16 are present), the first width stop bars 15 and the second width stop bars 16 are upper and lower horizontal reinforcing bars 7a arranged on the structural steel 3 provided in the vertical direction on the outer and inner sides, and are tied to the reinforcing bars 7a arranged on the H-shaped steel 6 side.

[0088] Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 9, a plurality of second stirrups 11 and third stirrups 12 are provided opposite the H-shaped steel 6. The second stirrups 11 and third stirrups 12 are tied to the vertical reinforcing bars 7b and the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a, and when there are no vertical reinforcing bars 7b, they are tied to the horizontal reinforcing bars 7a. In this way, by providing the second stirrups 11 and the third stirrups 12, the strength of the upper end portion 4a and the lower end portion 4b of the wall member 4 can be further improved.

[0089] Next, the concrete portion of the wall member 4 is formed. The wall members 4 are formed using cast-in-place concrete. That is, formwork is erected, concrete is poured, and the formwork is removed after the required concrete strength is achieved. This completes the formation of the wall members 4, each having a wall head 4a, a wall base 4b, and a wall 4d, and the structure of the retaining wall 1, in which the wall members 4 are integrated with the support piles 2, is completed.

[0090] As described above, according to this embodiment, the wall member 4 made of reinforced concrete receives the horizontal component of earth pressure and transmits the force to the support piles 2 via the structural steel 3 arranged inside. The retaining wall 1 has a composite structure in which the support piles 2, which are H-shaped steel, and the wall member 4 (wall main body 4c), which is reinforced concrete (RC structure), are integrated.

[0091] In particular, the wall head 4a and wall base 4b of the wall member 4 are SRC structures with H-shaped steel 6, shaped steel 3, and reinforcing bars 7 embedded in concrete, and function as a strong beam structure. This improves the strength of the wall member 4, prevents distortion and damage to the wall member 4, and ensures long-term support against the horizontal component of earth pressure. Furthermore, since the connecting members are provided, multiple H-shaped steel beams can be arranged in a straight line, the strength of the wall member 4 is improved, distortion and damage to the wall member 4 can be prevented, and the wall member 4 can be reliably supported against the horizontal component of earth pressure for a long period of time.

[0092] In addition, the underside of the wall foot portion 4b of the wall member 4 has a surface shape whose length (width Wb) in the width direction (front-to-back direction of the wall) is greater than the thickness W of the wall main body portion 4c of the wall member 4, thereby preventing subsidence, heaving, and consolidation sliding that may occur depending on the properties of the ground. As shown in Figure 8, the wall base 4b of the wall member 4 to be installed underground can be installed more stably by placing it on basal concrete 14 formed on top of the ground that has been solidified with crushed stone 13.

[0093] Furthermore, the wall portion 4d used as the base of the fall prevention fence can be easily formed simultaneously with the formation of the wall head portion 4a of the wall member 4 and integrally with the wall head portion 4a.

[0094] (Third embodiment) Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. Fig. 16 is a plan view showing a part of a retaining wall 1 in the third embodiment. In the first embodiment described above, an example was described in which the wall main body portion 4c of the wall member 4 is a single flat plate, but in the third embodiment, a configuration is used in which two vertically arranged wall members 4A and 4B are connected at a predetermined intersecting angle. 16, the connecting members 8 are connected to the H-shaped steel 6 by welding or bolts, and the connecting members 8 are connected in a crosswise manner, which further prevents the H-shaped steel 6 from tilting. In addition, the wall members 4A and 4B can be further prevented from tilting. In this embodiment, two wall members are used as an example, but the number of wall members is not limited to two, and a plurality of wall members can also be connected.

[0095] 16 shows an example in which wall member 4A and wall member 4B are connected at an angle of 90°. The configurations of wall member 4A and wall member 4B are similar to the configuration of wall member 4 described in the first embodiment, so the same reference numerals are used and detailed description thereof will be omitted. In this embodiment, the wall member 4A and the wall member 4B are connected at an angle of 90°, but this is not limited to 90° and the angle may be less than 90° or more than 90°.

[0096] Furthermore, the upper end of wall member 4A and the upper end of wall member 4B are part of a beam structure (SRC structure), and the lower end of wall member 4A and the lower end of wall member 4B are also part of a beam structure (SRC structure), and these are formed as an integrated wall member by connecting the beams. Therefore, greater strength can be obtained compared to when the wall members are formed as separate wall members. In the above description, wall member 4A and wall member 4B are described as two wall members, but one member may be a wall member having a predetermined length, and the other member may be a shorter member and serve as a support member for the wall member.

[0097] (Fourth embodiment) Furthermore, a fourth embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 17 to Fig. 23. Fig. 17 is a plan view of a retaining wall according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II in Fig. 17, and Fig. 19 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in Fig. 17. Fig. 20 is a cross-sectional view showing the state of stirrups wound around the H-shaped steel on the retaining wall (4A) side in Fig. 17, and Fig. 21 is a cross-sectional view showing the state of stirrups wound around the H-shaped steel on the retaining wall (4B) side in Fig. 17. 17 to 23, the same components as those of the wall member 4 described in the first and second embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

[0098] 18 and 20, the wall 4A shown in Fig. 17 surrounds the H-shaped steel 6 and also surrounds the reinforcing bars 7b in the vertical direction, and is welded to the H-shaped steel 6 (welding is performed at the corners of the H-shaped steel 6 as welding points 18), and furthermore, a plurality of stirrups 17 are provided in the vertical direction of the H-shaped steel 6. Note that although the case where the H-shaped steel 6 and the stirrups 17 are welded has been described here, welding (at the welding points 18) is not necessarily required. In this way, by providing a plurality of stirrups 17, the strength of the wall member 4 and the H-shaped steel 6 can be further increased.

[0099] 19 and 21, the wall 4B shown in Fig. 17 is provided with a plurality of stirrups 17 that surround the H-shaped steel 6, are welded to the H-shaped steel 6 (the corners of the H-shaped steel 6 are welded as welding points 18), and are provided in the vertical direction of the H-shaped steel 6. Note that although the case where the H-shaped steel 6 and the stirrups 17 are welded has been described here, welding (at the welding points 18) is not necessarily required. In this way, by providing a plurality of stirrups 17, the strength of the H-shaped steel 6 can be further increased.

[0100] 18 and 19, the H-shaped steel 6 and the plurality of stirrups 17 are embedded inside the wall members 4 (wall members 4A and 4B) with concrete C. That is, since the H-shaped steel 6 and the plurality of stirrups 17 are embedded inside the wall members 4 (wall members 4A and 4B) with concrete, the entire wall member 4 has an SRC structure, which further improves its strength. Moreover, as shown in FIGS. 17, 18, and 19, the wall members 4A and 4B are connected by the connecting member 8, which further improves the strength of the wall members 4 (wall members 4A and 4B).

[0101] In the fourth embodiment, a case where a connecting member 8 is provided at the wall head portion 4a has been described, but as shown in Figures 22 and 23, an intermediate beam 4e with a connecting member provided at the middle portion in the height direction of the retaining wall may also be formed. Figure 22 is a cross-sectional view showing a case where an intermediate beam is provided on the retaining wall (4A) side of Figure 17. Figure 23 is a cross-sectional view showing a case where an intermediate beam is provided on the retaining wall (4B) side of Figure 17. In this way, by forming the intermediate beam 4e, the strength of the wall member 4 (wall member 4A and wall member 4B) can be further improved.

[0102] In the above fourth embodiment, as shown in Figures 19 and 21, the wall 4B side surrounds the H-shaped steel 6 and is welded to the H-shaped steel 6 (welding is performed at the corners of the H-shaped steel 6 as welding points 18), and is provided with a plurality of stirrups 17 arranged in the vertical direction of the H-shaped steel 6. However, as with the wall 4A side, it is desirable to surround the periphery of the H-shaped steel 6 on the wall 4B side as well as enclose the reinforcing bars 7b in the vertical direction, and further provide a plurality of stirrups 17 arranged in the vertical direction of the H-shaped steel 6, as shown in Figure 24. In this way, by providing a plurality of stirrups 17, the strength of the wall member 4 and the H-shaped steel 6 can be further increased.

[0103] Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 25, vertical reinforcing bars 7b may be provided between the flanges 6b and 6c (at the position facing the web 6a) of the H-shaped steel 6. Although the illustration shows the case where the H-shaped steel 6 and the stirrups 17 are welded, welding (at the welding points 18) is not necessarily required. In this way, by providing a plurality of stirrups 17, it is possible to further increase the strength of the wall member 4 and the H-shaped steel 6. Note that FIG. 25 is a view corresponding to FIG. [Explanation of symbols]

[0104] 1. Retaining wall 2 Support pile 3 Channel steel 3a Web 3b flange 4 Wall components 4a wall head 4b Wall foot 4c Wall components 5 Columnar part 6 H-shaped steel 7. Reinforced concrete 7a Horizontal reinforcing bars 7b Longitudinal reinforcing bars 8 Connecting members

Claims

1. A retaining wall that receives a horizontal component of earth pressure by wall members, A plurality of support piles each having a columnar portion formed in the ground using cement milk or ready-mixed concrete, and an H-shaped steel beam whose lower portion is disposed inside the columnar portion and whose upper portion is exposed from the columnar portion; A connecting member that connects the H-shaped steels that constitute the support piles to each other and arranges a plurality of H-shaped steels in a straight line; a wall member having the connecting member embedded therein by concrete; A retaining wall comprising:

2. 2. The retaining wall according to claim 1, wherein the connecting member connects H-shaped steel beams corresponding to the upper ends of the wall members to each other.

3. 2. The retaining wall according to claim 1, wherein the connecting member connects H-shaped steel beams corresponding to the lower ends of the wall members to each other.

4. 2. The retaining wall according to claim 1, wherein the connecting member connects H-shaped steel beams corresponding to intermediate portions of the wall members to each other.

5. 5. A retaining wall according to claim 1, wherein the connecting member is fixed to the H-section steel by welding or bolts.

6. A retaining wall as described in claim 1, characterized in that the connecting members are either H-shaped steel, I-shaped steel, T-shaped steel, angle steel (isolateral angle steel), channel steel, flat steel, or other steel materials that comply with JIS standards.

7. 2. The retaining wall according to claim 1, wherein stirrups are provided so as to surround the H-shaped steel, and a plurality of the stirrups are provided in the axial direction of the H-shaped steel.

8. The retaining wall according to claim 8, characterized in that the stirrups are arranged along the axis of the H-shaped steel to surround the vertical reinforcing bars extending vertically.

9. A plurality of steel shapes fixed to portions corresponding to the wall members of the H-shaped steel; A horizontal reinforcing bar disposed on the upper surface of the structural steel and extending laterally; A vertical reinforcing bar arranged along the axis of the H-shaped steel and extending in the vertical direction; A connecting member that connects the H-shaped steels that constitute the support piles to each other and arranges a plurality of H-shaped steels in a straight line; a wall member in which the structural steel, the horizontal reinforcing bars, the vertical reinforcing bars, and the connecting members are embedded in concrete; The retaining wall according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises:

10. A plurality of support piles each having a columnar portion formed in the ground using cement milk or ready-mixed concrete, and an H-shaped steel beam whose lower portion is disposed inside the columnar portion and whose upper portion is exposed from the columnar portion; a plurality of shaped steel beams fixed to outer and inner surfaces of upper and lower ends of portions of the H-shaped steel beams corresponding to the wall members, and fixed to outer surfaces between the upper and lower ends of the portions of the H-shaped steel beams corresponding to the wall members; A horizontal reinforcing bar disposed on the upper surface of the structural steel and extending laterally; A vertical reinforcing bar arranged along the axis of the H-shaped steel and extending in the vertical direction; a wall head and a wall foot formed at the upper and lower ends of the H-shaped steel in a portion corresponding to the wall member, and having the H-shaped steel, the shaped steel, the horizontal reinforcing bars, and the vertical reinforcing bars embedded therein with concrete; a connecting member that connects the H-shaped steel to each other, the connecting member corresponding to at least one portion of the wall head portion, the wall foot portion, or an intermediate portion between the wall head portion and the wall foot portion; a wall main body portion formed integrally with the wall head portion and the wall foot portion as the wall member, in which the H-shaped steel, the horizontal reinforcing bars, and the vertical reinforcing bars are embedded in concrete between the upper end and the lower end of the portion corresponding to the wall member of the H-shaped steel; The retaining wall according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises:

11. A retaining wall as described in claim 11, characterized in that it has a wall portion integrally formed on the upper surface of the wall head portion, and the wall portion integrally formed on the upper surface of the wall head portion is the base portion of a fall prevention fence.

12. a wall main body portion in which the H-shaped steel, the shaped steel, the horizontal reinforcing bars, and the vertical reinforcing bars are embedded in concrete between the upper end and the lower end of the portion corresponding to the wall member of the H-shaped steel; The retaining wall according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises:

13. 14. A retaining wall according to claim 10, 11 or 13, wherein the structural steel is any one of H-shaped steel, I-shaped steel, T-shaped steel, angle steel and channel steel.

14. A plurality of the wall members are provided linearly in a plan view; a plurality of connecting members that connect the H-shaped steels that form the plurality of wall members to each other at intersections of the wall members; 2. The retaining wall according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of wall members are connected at a predetermined crossing angle to form an integrated wall member.

15. In the method for constructing a retaining wall according to claim 1, A step of drilling holes with a drill of a construction machine for building construction and injecting cement milk or ready-mixed concrete into the drilled holes; A process in which the H-beam is lifted by construction machinery, moved to the top of the borehole, and installed inside the borehole; a step of connecting the H-shaped steels to each other with connecting members and arranging a plurality of H-shaped steels in a straight line; a step of embedding the connecting member inside with concrete to form a wall member integrated with the support pile; A method for constructing a retaining wall, comprising:

16. After the step of connecting the H-shaped steels to each other with connecting members and arranging a plurality of H-shaped steels in a straight line, a step of fixing a plurality of steel beams to portions of the H-shaped steel beams corresponding to the wall members; and a step of disposing horizontal reinforcing bars extending in the horizontal direction on the upper surface of the shaped steel, and disposing vertical reinforcing bars extending in the vertical direction along the axis of the H-shaped steel, After the reinforcing bar installation step, a step of embedding the connecting members, the structural steel, and the horizontal and vertical reinforcing bars in concrete to form a wall member integrated with the support pile; 17. The method for constructing a retaining wall according to claim 16, further comprising:

17. 18. The method for constructing a retaining wall according to claim 17, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: surrounding the H-shaped steel and providing a plurality of stirrups in the axial direction of the H-shaped steel; fixing a plurality of structural steels to portions of the H-shaped steel corresponding to the wall members; and arranging horizontal reinforcing bars extending horizontally on the upper surface of the structural steels and vertical reinforcing bars extending vertically along the axis of the H-shaped steel.

18. After the step of connecting the H-shaped steels to each other with connecting members and arranging a plurality of H-shaped steels in a straight line, a step of fixing a plurality of steel beams to the outer and inner surfaces of the upper and lower ends of the H-shaped steel beams corresponding to the wall members, and to the outer surface between the upper and lower ends of the H-shaped steel beams corresponding to the wall members; and a step of disposing horizontal reinforcing bars extending in the horizontal direction on the upper surface of the shaped steel, and disposing vertical reinforcing bars extending in the vertical direction along the axis of the H-shaped steel, After the reinforcing bar installation step, a step of embedding the connecting members, the structural steel, and the horizontal and vertical reinforcing bars in concrete to form a wall member having a wall head and a wall foot that is integrated with the support pile; 17. The method for constructing a retaining wall according to claim 16, further comprising:

19. In the step of arranging horizontal reinforcing bars extending in the horizontal direction on the upper surface of the shaped steel and arranging vertical reinforcing bars extending in the vertical direction along the axis of the H-shaped steel, The method includes a step of extending vertical reinforcing bars up to above the wall head portion, and arranging horizontal reinforcing bars extending horizontally on the extended vertical reinforcing bars, After the reinforcing bar installation step, a step of burying the connecting members, the structural steel, and the horizontal and vertical reinforcing bars inside with concrete to form a wall portion having a wall head portion and a wall foot portion integrated with the support pile and extending upward from the upper surface of the wall head portion; 20. The method for constructing a retaining wall according to claim 19, further comprising:

20. 21. A method for constructing a retaining wall according to claim 20, wherein the wall portion is used as the foundation of a fall prevention fence.

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